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Journal articles on the topic 'Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 25 January 2025

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1

Jiang, Zheng, Bin Han, Peng Chen, Fengyi Yang, and Qi Bi. "Design of Joint Spatial and Power Domain Multiplexing Scheme for Massive MIMO Systems." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/368463.

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Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is one of the key techniques in 5th generation wireless systems (5G) due to its potential ability to improve spectral efficiency. Most of the existing works on massive MIMO only consider Time Division Duplex (TDD) operation that relies on channel reciprocity between uplink and downlink channels. For Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) systems, with continued efforts, some downlink multiuser MIMO scheme was recently proposed in order to enable “massive MIMO” gains and simplified system operations with limited number of radio frequency (RF) chains in FDD system. However these schemes, such as Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) scheme and hybrid precoding scheme, only focus on multiuser transmission in spatial domain. Different from most of the existing works, this paper proposes Joint Spatial and Power Multiplexing (JSPM) scheme in FDD systems. It extends existing FDD schemes from spatial division and multiplexing to joint spatial and power domain to achieve more multiplexing gain. The user grouping and scheduling scheme of JSPM is studied and the asymptotic expression for the sum capacity is derived as well. Finally, simulations are conducted to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.

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2

Zalevsky, Zeev, Avi Rubner, Javier García, Pascuala Garcia-Martinez, Carlos Ferreira, and Emanuel Marom. "Joint transform correlator with spatial code division multiplexing." Applied Optics 45, no. 28 (October 1, 2006): 7325. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.45.007325.

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3

Adhikary, Ansuman, Ebrahim Al Safadi, Mathew K. Samimi, Rui Wang, Giuseppe Caire, Theodore S. Rappaport, and Andreas F. Molisch. "Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing for mm-Wave Channels." IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications 32, no. 6 (June 2014): 1239–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jsac.2014.2328173.

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4

Adhikary, Ansuman, Junyoung Nam, Jae-Young Ahn, and Giuseppe Caire. "Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing—The Large-Scale Array Regime." IEEE Transactions on Information Theory 59, no. 10 (October 2013): 6441–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tit.2013.2269476.

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5

Et. al., Keshav N,. "Millimetre Wave Communication with Spatial Division Multiplexing for 5G systems." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 7 (June 5, 2021): 2609–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i7.3632.

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The point of this paper is to combination of spatial division multiplexing (SDMA) along with NOMA improves the performance of the system. This paper is done with multibeam forming for performance enhancement, Analog beam forming is done along with the digital beam forming to increase the spectral efficiency and also the user count increases so that we could able to achieve high throughput. In this paper the design problems of mm wave NOMA due to beamforming is focused so that achievable data rate is high. This is due to the number of RF chains. We analyses the demanding joint plan of the intertwined power distribution and client matching for mm Wave-SDMA. Some problems are talked about and a few arrangements are proposed in detail in mm Wave communications.

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6

Song, Yunchao, Chen Liu, Yiliang Liu, Nan Cheng, Yongming Huang, and Xuemin Shen. "Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing in Massive MIMO: A Neighbor-Based Approach." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 19, no. 11 (November 2020): 7392–406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2020.3011101.

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7

S. Luis, Ruben, Hideaki Furukawa, Georg Rademacher, Benjamin J. Puttnam, and Naoya Wada. "Demonstration of an SDM Network Testbed for Joint Spatial Circuit and Packet Switching †." Photonics 5, no. 3 (July 28, 2018): 20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics5030020.

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We demonstrate a spatial division multiplexing (SDM) network testbed composed of three nodes connected via 19-core multi-core fibers. Each node is capable of joint spatial circuit switching and joint packet switching to support 10 Tb/s spatial circuit super channels and 1 Tb/s line rate spatial packet super channels. The performance of the proposed hybrid network is evaluated, showing successful co-existence of both systems in the same network to provide high capacity and high granularity services. Finally, we demonstrate an optical channel selection associated with the quality of service requirements on the SDM network testbed.

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8

Pederzolli, Federico, Domenico Siracusa, Behnam Shariati, José Manuel Rivas-Moscoso, Elio Salvadori, and Ioannis Tomkos. "Improving Performance of Spatially Joint-Switched Space Division Multiplexing Optical Networks via Spatial Group Sharing." Journal of Optical Communications and Networking 9, no. 3 (February 13, 2017): B1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/jocn.9.0000b1.

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9

Nam, Junyoung, Ansuman Adhikary, Jae-Young Ahn, and Giuseppe Caire. "Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing: Opportunistic Beamforming, User Grouping and Simplified Downlink Scheduling." IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Signal Processing 8, no. 5 (October 2014): 876–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jstsp.2014.2313808.

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10

Maatouk, Ali, Salah Eddine Hajri, Mohamad Assaad, and Hikmet Sari. "On Optimal Scheduling for Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing Approach in FDD Massive MIMO." IEEE Transactions on Signal Processing 67, no. 4 (February 15, 2019): 1006–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tsp.2018.2886163.

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11

Wang, Gang, Jianing Zhao, Xiaohui Bi, Yuting Lu, and Fuyu Hou. "User Grouping and Scheduling for Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing in FDD Massive MIMO System." International Journal of Communications, Network and System Sciences 10, no. 08 (2017): 176–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ijcns.2017.108b019.

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12

Deeka, Tanyaluk, Boriboon Deeka, and Surajate On-rit. "A Study of a Competitive Reinforcement Learning Approach for Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing in Massive MIMO." ECTI Transactions on Electrical Engineering, Electronics, and Communications 19, no. 1 (March 15, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37936/ecti-eec.2021191.226832.

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Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) is widely considered a pivotal communication technology for future generations of wireless networks. Massive MIMO uses a large number of antennas at the base station, which offers better effectiveness in spectral and energy use. However, a Frequency Division Duplex (FDD) system is challenging in reciprocity since it is difficult to estimate channels and requires feeding back channel state information. Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing (JSDM) is a simplified FDD technique to provide massive MIMO gains. The main idea of JSDM is related to grouping users with approximately similar channel covariance. Many machine learning algorithms have been applied to conduct user grouping. In this paper, to improve the user grouping, we employ Reinforcement Guided Competitive Learning (RGCL) to the user grouping and then compare it with clustering techniques, including K-means, and sequential K-means to achieve the appropriate user grouping. The experimental results show that the RGCL technique represents better performance in computational time and system throughput than the other two above mentioned techniques, since RGCL can avoid being trapping in local minima.

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13

Jeon, Younghyun, Changick Song, Sang-Rim Lee, Seungjoo Maeng, Jaehoon Jung, and Inkyu Lee. "New Beamforming Designs for Joint Spatial Division and Multiplexing in Large-Scale MISO Multi-User Systems." IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications 16, no. 5 (May 2017): 3029–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/twc.2017.2673845.

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14

Shao, Gang, Wen-qin Wu, Lei Yin, Chen-yang Ding, and Xiao-yuan Zhang. "Spatial-Frequency Estimation for OFDM System with Coprime Array." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (May 27, 2021): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/9998342.

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Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) is the key technique of the communication system. In this paper, coprime array is designed in OFDM system to obtain joint direction of arrival (DOA) and carrier frequency offset (CFO) estimates. The proposed system can achieve beamforming and adaptive signal processing, reduce the multipath fading, and attain angle diversity. Meanwhile, coprime array has the advantages of extended array aperture, increased degrees of freedom, and reduced mutual coupling effect, which is adaptable in OFDM system. Moreover, this paper proposes a low-complexity parameter algorithm with superior performance, which first exploits propagator method (PM) as the initialization and then parallel factor (PARAFAC) method is employed for the accurate DOA and CFO estimation. Simulation results verify the effectiveness of the OFDM coprime array system and the proposed low-complexity multiparameter algorithm.

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15

Zhang, Rui, Ying-Hui Quan, Sheng-Qi Zhu, Lei Yang, Ya-chao Li, and Meng-Dao Xing. "Joint High-Resolution Range and DOA Estimation via MUSIC Method Based on Virtual Two-Dimensional Spatial Smoothing for OFDM Radar." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2018 (November 21, 2018): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/6012426.

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For the purpose of target parameter estimation of the orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) radar, a high-resolution method of joint estimation on range and direction of arrival (DOA) based on OFDM array radar is proposed in this paper. It begins with the design and analysis of an echo model of OFDM array radar. Since there is no coupling between range and angle parameter estimation for a narrow-band signal, a method which exploits the data of one snapshot to estimate the range and angle of the target by means of multiple signal classification (MUSIC) based on virtual two-dimensional spatial smoothing in range and angle dimensions is devised. The proposed method is capable of joint estimating the range and DOA of the target in a high resolution under a single snapshot circumstance. Simulation experiments demonstrate the validity of the proposal.

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16

Shareef, Faez Fawwaz, and Manal Jamil Al-Kindi. "Wideband hybrid precoder for mmWave multiuser MIMO OFDM communications." Bulletin of Electrical Engineering and Informatics 11, no. 3 (June 1, 2022): 1409–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/eei.v11i3.3551.

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Using millimeter wave (mmWave) transmission for massive multiple input multiple output (MIMO) system can improve system performance and effectively reduce the size of the massive antennas array. However, A wideband beamformer design is needed to take advantage of this wideband channel. In this paper, a downlink multi-user massive MIMO orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO OFDM) system for mmWave communications is proposed. Each subcarrier channel can be approximated as a narrowband clustered channel, so a narrowband precoder can be applied for each subchannel. The hybrid precoder is implemented in a manner so the digital precoder is obtained for each subcarrier, whilst the analog precoder is common for all subcarriers. A modified “joint spatial division/multiplexing” (JSDM) scheme is used to design the precoder, where each user equipped with more than one antenna. The design of the analog precoder is based on the second order channel statistics to reduce the overhead information need to process and fed back and the subcarrier baseband precoder based on the instantaneous channel state information (CSI). Following the approach of Kronecker channel model, the iteration between the analog beamformers design at both end of link can be avoided. Finally testing the system using various numbers of antennas at base station.

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17

Zhang, Rui, Yuhan Ruan, Yongzhao Li, and Can Liu. "Interference-Aware Radio Resource Management for Cognitive High-Throughput Satellite Systems." Sensors 20, no. 1 (December 29, 2019): 197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20010197.

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By providing interactive broadband services to geographical areas underserved by terrestrial infrastructure, multi-beam satellite systems play a central role in future wireless communications. Targeting the terabit throughput requirements in satellite communications, we introduce a cognitive radio-based high-throughput satellite (HTS) system architecture where full frequency reuse is employed among beams. Moreover, by analyzing the characteristics of the considered architecture, we discuss the design challenges of radio resource management in cognitive HTS systems exposed to both intra-system and inter-system co-channel interference. Furthermore, to combat interference with low overhead, we propose a generic interference-aware resource management framework based on joint spatial division and multiplexing (JSDM). Under this framework, user grouping along with two-stage precoding is studied to achieve substantial improvement in the overall system throughput. Finally, some future research directions and challenges are also given.

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18

Zhang, Shengyu, Kwan-Lawrence Yeung, and Along Jin. "LBFA: A Load-Balanced and Fragmentation-Aware Resource Allocation Algorithm in Space-Division Multiplexing Elastic Optical Networks." Photonics 8, no. 10 (October 19, 2021): 456. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8100456.

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We consider a space-division multiplexing elastic optical network (SDM-EON) that supports super-channels (SChs). A Sch comprises a set of contiguous frequency slots on multiple cores in a multi-core fiber. The problem of finding a lightpath using SChs involves routing, modulation, spectrum and core assignment (RMSCA). To minimize the request blocking probability (RBP), two critical issues must be addressed. First, routing and modulation assignment (RMA) should not cause hotspots, or overutilized links. Second, spectrum and core assignment (SCA) should aim at minimizing fragmentation, or small frequency slot blocks that can hardly be utilized by future requests. In this paper, a pre-computation method is first proposed for better load balancing in RMA. Then an efficient fragmentation-aware SCA is proposed based on a new fragmentation metric that measures both the spectral and spatial fragmentation. With the enhanced RMA and SCA, a joint load-balanced and fragmentation-aware algorithm called LBFA is designed to solve the RMSCA problem. As compared with the existing algorithms, simulation results show that our LBFA provides significant reduction in RBP.

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19

Du, Jinzhi, Weijia Cui, Bin Ba, Chunxiao Jian, and Haiyun Xu. "Fast Tensor-Based Joint Estimation for Time Delay and Angle of Arrival in OFDM System." International Journal of Antennas and Propagation 2022 (September 27, 2022): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6856050.

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Nowadays, the joint estimation of time delay (TD) and angle of arrival (AOA) using conventional vector structure suffers from the considerable complexity of multidimensional spectrum search. Therefore, a fast estimation method using orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology and uniform planar array (UPA) is proposed in this paper, which adopts low-complexity tensor-based operations and spatial-frequency features to reconfigure the channel frequency response. To begin with, the array response is integrated with the OFDM signal characteristics to build an extended array in tensor form. Afterwards, we process the covariance matrix of the tensor structure by CANDECOMP/PARAFAC decomposition (CPD) to separate the respective signal subspaces of TD and AOA estimates. Finally, we conduct a one-dimensional (1-D) spectrum search to locate the TD estimates and a two-dimensional (2-D) spectrum search to locate the AOA estimates. The simulated performance demonstrates that the proposed algorithm offers precise estimates at low signal-to-noise ratios in a multipath environment and outperforms traditional vector-based algorithms with respect to computational complexity.

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20

Zhao, Jingjing, Yongxiang Liu, Kai Huo, Jiaxi Ye, and Bo Xiao. "Three-Dimensional High-Resolution MIMO Radar Imaging via OFDM Modulation and Unitary ESPRIT." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2020 (June 27, 2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/2308389.

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Imaging and recognition of targets with complex maneuvers bring a new challenge to conventional radar applications. In this paper, the three-dimensional (3D) high-resolution image is attained in real-time by a Multiple-Input-Multiple-Output (MIMO) radar system with single Orthogonal-Frequency-Division-Multiplexing (OFDM) pulse. First, to build the orthogonal transmit waveform set for MIMO transmission, we utilize complex orthogonal designs (CODs) for OFDM subcarrier modulation. Based on the OFDM modulation, a preprocessing method is developed for transmit waveform separation without conventional matched filtering. The result array manifold is the Kronecker product of the steering vectors of subcarrier/transmit antenna/receive antenna uniform linear arrays (ULAs). Then, the high-resolution image of target is attained by the Multidimensional Unitary Estimation of Signal Parameters via Rotational Invariant Techniques (MD-UESPRIT) algorithm. The proposed imaging procedures include the multidimensional spatial smoothing, the unitary transform via backward-forward averaging, and the joint eigenvalue decomposition (JEVD) algorithm for automatically paired coordinates estimation. Simulation tests compare the reconstruction results with the conventional methods and analyze the estimation precision relative to signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), system parameters, and errors.

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21

Song, Wei, and Doug Edwards. "Asynchronous spatial division multiplexing router." Microprocessors and Microsystems 35, no. 2 (March 2011): 85–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micpro.2010.08.007.

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22

Rabenandrasana, Jocelin, and Alexander I. Zaitcev. "APPLICATION OF SCIENTOMETRIC ANALYSIS TO IDENTIFY PROMISING DEVELOPMENTS IN THE FIELD OF FIBER OPTIC COMMUNICATION LINES." SYNCHROINFO JOURNAL 9, no. 6 (2023): 33–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.36724/2664-066x-2023-9-6-33-41.

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The technologies of spectral multiplexing of communication channels and spatial multiplexing in fiber-optic communication lines are considered. The flow of scientific and technical literature in the field of research of technologies of spectral channel multiplexing and technologies of spatial multiplexing is analyzed. Based on the previously proposed methods for analyzing publication activity, an assessment of the technological involvement of various countries was carried out, and the stages of development of technologies for spectral and spatial multiplexing of communication channels were identified. Data on the dynamics of publications in the time interval of 2017-2022 are presented, which make it possible to predict the involvement of various teams in research on these topics. The groups of countries where the most competent research groups in the field of spectral division multiplexing and spatial multiplexing are working are determined. A list of organizations that most actively fund research on the considered technologies has been identified. The distribution of publication activity in the following fields of knowledge is presented: spectral multiplexing of communication channels and spatial multiplexing of communication channels. Based on a comparative analysis of the dynamics of the publication activity of the two directions, the main trends in the development of promising developments in the technology of spectral division multiplexing and spatial multiplexing are determined.

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23

Chen, Haoshuo, Roy van Uden, Chigo Okonkwo, and Ton Koonen. "Compact spatial multiplexers for mode division multiplexing." Optics Express 22, no. 26 (December 15, 2014): 31582. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.031582.

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24

Pankil Butala, Pankil Butala, Hany Elgala Hany Elgala, and Thomas D. C. Little Thomas D. C. Little. "Sample indexed spatial orthogonal frequency division multiplexing." Chinese Optics Letters 12, no. 9 (2014): 090602–90606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col201412.090602.

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25

van Uden, Roy G. H., Chigo M. Okonkwo, Haoshuo Chen, Hugo de Waardt, and Antonius M. J. Koonen. "Time domain multiplexed spatial division multiplexing receiver." Optics Express 22, no. 10 (May 16, 2014): 12668. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/oe.22.012668.

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26

Chen, Xin Qiao, and Lin Tang. "Design of Optical Fiber Transmission System Based on Absolute Polar Duty Cycle Division Multiplexing (APDCDM)." Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (July 2014): 3583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.3583.

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This paper propose a new multiplexing technique which use the bipolar RZ signal to realize duty cycle division multiplexing (DCDM) ,we call it Absolute Polar Duty Cycle Division Multiplexing (APDCDM).Multiplexing and demultiplexing principle of APDCDM are analyzed. Here we have designed a optical fiber transmission system based on APDCDM of three users by Joint simulation with Optisystem and Matlab. Simulation result shows the feasibility of this system. By the analysis of signal energy, explain APDCDM can carry more users than DCDM.

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27

Dai, Daoxin, and John E. Bowers. "Silicon-based on-chip multiplexing technologies and devices for Peta-bit optical interconnects." Nanophotonics 3, no. 4-5 (August 1, 2014): 283–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2013-0021.

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AbstractAn effective solution to enhance the capacity of an optical-interconnect link is utilizing advanced multiplexing technologies, like wavelength-division-multiplexing (WDM), polarization-division multiplexing (PDM), spatial-division multiplexing (SDM), bi-directional multiplexing, etc. On-chip (de)multiplexers are necessary as key components for realizing these multiplexing systems and they are desired to have small footprints due to the limited physical space for on-chip optical interconnects. As silicon photonics has provided a very attractive platform to build ultrasmall photonic integrated devices with CMOS-compatible processes, in this paper we focus on the discussion of silicon-based (de)multiplexers, including WDM filters, PDM devices, and SDM devices. The demand of devices to realize a hybrid multiplexing technology (combining WDM, PDM and SDM) as well as a bidirectional multiplexing technologies are also discussed to achieve Peta-bit optical interconnects.

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28

Nakamura, Tetsuro, Shogo Saito, Kei Fujimoto, Masashi Kaneko, and Akinori Shiraga. "Spatial- and time- division multiplexing in CNN accelerator." Parallel Computing 111 (July 2022): 102922. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.parco.2022.102922.

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29

Li, Rizhong, Xinbing Wang, Junbin Huang, and Hongcan Gu. "Spatial-division-multiplexing addressed fiber laser hydrophone array." Optics Letters 38, no. 11 (May 27, 2013): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ol.38.001909.

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30

Zhumaliev, K., Yu Ismanov, and S. Alymkulov. "Multiplexing of Holograms Based on Spatial Separation." Bulletin of Science and Practice, no. 10 (October 15, 2023): 10–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/95/01.

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The analysis of multiplexing methods using spatial separation has been carried out. It is shown that space division multiplexing is possible when there is no Bragg sampling action. The action of the Bragg sampling, its features for the cases of thin-layer flat holograms and in a sufficiently thick medium of volume holograms are considered separately. Among the methods of multiplexing using spatial selection, the methods of fractal type multiplexing and rotational multiplexing are considered. Fractal-type multiplexing allows, when used simultaneously with angular-type multiplexing, up to 6000 holograms to be recorded in one area, while the total volume of the storage medium remains the same. Rotational multiplexing is a special case of fractal type multiplexing. This type of multiplexing is especially effective for storing holograms in rather thin-layer media. Similar to fractal-type multiplexing, in this type of multiplexing, more than one hologram is simultaneously reconstructed by the required reference wave. However, only the result of the reconstruction of one hologram turns out to be unbiased and is fixed by the CCD matrix. The difference between this method and fractal-type multiplexing is that the offset in rotational multiplexing is the result of rotation of the storage medium.

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31

Takialddin, Al Smadi. "MACHINE LEARNING APPLICATION IN INVERSE DESIGN OF FEW-MODE FIBERS." Journal of Advanced Sciences and Engineering Technologies 7, no. 1 (February 15, 2024): 22–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32441/jaset.07.01.02.

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The importance of optical fiber research is increasing due to its applications in the digital world, including components, sensors, and high data rate communication. Few-mode fiber (FMF) research is regenerating due to its high data rate transmission ability. This dissertation work proposes new designs of FMFs with updated material composition and geometry to establish weakly coupled spatial division multiplexing (SDM)/mode division multiplexing (MDM) links. The next generation of communication, 5G aims to connect people and things via intelligent networks, but current network architectures struggle to handle massive data traffic. The spatial domain of the fiber is highly useful for handling this massive data traffic. This work reviews the requirements of 5G networks and how they can be handled through spatial multiplexing and mode multiplexing through a few-mode optical fiber. The article demonstrates machine learning-based inverse modeling of the triangular-ring-core few-mode fiber profile with weak coupling optimization.

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32

Shi, Yuxin, Kai Gao, Jiang Zhu, Xinjin Lu, and Shilian Wang. "Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Joint Subblocks Index Modulation." IEEE Access 7 (2019): 23930–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2019.2899007.

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33

Junejo, Naveed Ur Rehman, Mariyam Sattar, Saifullah Adnan, Haixin Sun, Abuzar B. M. Adam, Ahmad Hassan, and Hamada Esmaiel. "A Survey on Physical Layer Techniques and Challenges in Underwater Communication Systems." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 11, no. 4 (April 21, 2023): 885. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse11040885.

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In the past decades, researchers/scientists have paid attention to the physical layer of underwater communications (UWCs) due to a variety of scientific, military, and civil tasks completed beneath water. This includes numerous activities critical for communication, such as survey and monitoring of oceans, rescue, and response to disasters under the sea. Till the end of the last decade, many review articles addressing the history and survey of UWC have been published which were mostly focused on underwater sensor networks (UWSN), routing protocols, and underwater optical communication (UWOC). This paper provides an overview of underwater acoustic (UWA) physical layer techniques including cyclic prefix orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CP-OFDM), zero padding orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (ZP-OFDM), time-domain synchronization orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (TDS-OFDM), multiple input multiple output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (MIMO-OFDM), generalized frequency division multiplexing (GFDM), unfiltered orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (UF-OFDM), continuous phase modulation orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CPM-OFDM), filter bank multicarrier (FBMC) modulation, MIMO, spatial modulation technologies (SMTs), and orthogonal frequency division multiplexing index modulation (OFDM-IM). Additionally, this paper provides a comprehensive review of UWA channel modeling problems and challenges, such as transmission loss, propagation delay, signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) and distance, multipath effect, ambient noise effect, delay spread, Doppler effect modeling, Doppler shift estimation. Further, modern technologies of the physical layer of UWC have been discussed. This study also discusses the different modulation technology in terms of spectral efficiency, computational complexity, date rate, bit error rate (BER), and energy efficiency along with their merits and demerits.

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Li, Zhengyang, Yangan Zhang, Xueguang Yuan, Zhenyu Xiao, Yuan Zhang, and Yongqing Huang. "A Phase-Sensitive Optical Time Domain Reflectometry with Non-Uniform Frequency Multiplexed NLFM Pulse." Sensors 23, no. 20 (October 20, 2023): 8612. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23208612.

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In the domain of optical fiber distributed acoustic sensing, the persistent challenge of extending sensing distances while concurrently improving spatial resolution and frequency response range has been a complex endeavor. The amalgamation of pulse compression and frequency division multiplexing methodologies has provided certain advantages. Nevertheless, this approach is accompanied by the drawback of significant bandwidth utilization and amplified hardware investments. This study introduces an innovative distributed optical fiber acoustic sensing system aimed at optimizing the efficient utilization of spectral resources by combining compressed pulses and frequency division multiplexing. The system continuously injects non-linear frequency modulation detection pulses spanning various frequency ranges. The incorporation of non-uniform frequency division multiplexing augments the vibration frequency response spectrum. Additionally, nonlinear frequency modulation adeptly reduces crosstalk and enhances sidelobe suppression, all while maintaining a favorable signal-to-noise ratio. Consequently, this methodology substantially advances the spatial resolution of the sensing system. Experimental validation encompassed the multiplexing of eight frequencies within a 120 MHz bandwidth. The results illustrate a spatial resolution of approximately 5 m and an expanded frequency response range extending from 1 to 20 kHz across a 16.3 km optical fiber. This achievement not only enhances spectral resource utilization but also reduces hardware costs, making the system even more suitable for practical engineering applications.

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35

Wen, Miaowen, Jun Li, Shuping Dang, Qiang Li, Shahid Mumtaz, and Huseyin Arslan. "Joint-Mapping Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing With Subcarrier Number Modulation." IEEE Transactions on Communications 69, no. 7 (July 2021): 4306–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcomm.2021.3066584.

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Gao Lina, 高丽娜, 刘剑飞 Liu Jianfei, 曾祥烨 Zeng Xiangye, and 姜伟虎 Jiang Weihu. "Joint Phase Equalization in Optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing System." Acta Optica Sinica 32, no. 1 (2012): 0106004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/aos201232.0106004.

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Vo, Thanh Khac, Phu Huu Bui, and Hung Cong Tran. "Application of the spatial division multiplexing technique in cooperative mimo systems." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 1 (March 31, 2014): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i1.1277.

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Cooperative MIMO is a combination technique between the single antenna cooperation communications and multiple-input multiple-output systems to achieve the advantages of traditional MIMO. In this paper, we focus on model that combines the spatial multiplexing technique and the cooperative communications, with relay nodes using decode and forward technique where source node and the relay nodes have only one antenna, destination node has multiple antennas; and relay nodes use amplify and forward technique to reduce power consumption and suitable for compact devices; and destination node uses zero forcing (ZF) algorithm. Finally, we show our simulation results in applying the spatial division multiplexing technique in cooperative mimo systems.

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Qu, Zhen, and Ivan Djordjevic. "Orbital Angular Momentum Multiplexed Free-Space Optical Communication Systems Based on Coded Modulation." Applied Sciences 8, no. 11 (November 7, 2018): 2179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8112179.

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In this paper, we experimentally investigate the turbulence mitigation methods in free-space optical communication systems based on orbital angular momentum (OAM) multiplexing. To study the outdoor atmospheric turbulence environment, we use an indoor turbulence emulator. Adaptive optics, channel coding, Huffman coding combined with low-density parity-check (LDPC) coding, and spatial offset are used for turbulence mitigation; while OAM multiplexing and wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) are applied to boost channel capacity.

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Hu, Yuhang, Zihao Yang, Nuo Chen, Hanwen Hu, Bowen Zhang, Haofan Yang, Xinda Lu, Xinliang Zhang, and Jing Xu. "3 × 40 Gbit/s All-Optical Logic Operation Based on Low-Loss Triple-Mode Silicon Waveguide." Micromachines 13, no. 1 (January 7, 2022): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13010090.

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Information capacity of single-mode fiber communication systems face fundamental limitations imposed by optical nonlinearities. Spatial division multiplexing (SDM) offers a new dimension for upgrading fiber communication systems. Many enabling integrated devices, such as mode multiplexers and multimode bending with low crosstalk, have been developed. On the other hand, all-optical signal processing (AOSP) can avoid optical to electrical to optical (O–E–O) conversion, which may potentially allow for a low cost and green operation for large-scale signal processing applications. In this paper, we show that the system performance of AOSP can be pushed further by benefiting from the existing technologies developed in spatial mode multiplexing (SDM). By identifying key technologies to balance the impacts from mode-dependent loss, crosstalk and nonlinearities, three-channel 40 Gbit/s optical logic operations are demonstrated using the first three spatial modes in a single multimode waveguide. The fabricated device has a broadband four-wave mixing operation bandwidth (>20 nm) as well as high conversion efficiency (>−20 dB) for all spatial modes, showing the potential for a large-scale signal processing capacity with the combination of wavelength division multiplexing (WDM) and SDM in the future.

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Zhang, Lu, Jiajia Chen, Erik Agrell, Rui Lin, and Lena Wosinska. "Enabling Technologies for Optical Data Center Networks: Spatial Division Multiplexing." Journal of Lightwave Technology 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2020): 18–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2019.2941765.

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Sun, Yue, Jintao Wang, Changyong Pan, Longzhuang He, and Bo Ai. "Spatial Modulation Aided Layered Division Multiplexing: A Spectral Efficiency Perspective." IEEE Transactions on Broadcasting 65, no. 1 (March 2019): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tbc.2018.2825311.

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Chen, Rui, Zhengjuan Tian, Hong Zhou, and Wen-Xuan Long. "OAM-Based Concentric Spatial Division Multiplexing for Cellular IoT Terminals." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 59659–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.2983222.

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Zheng, Zi Wei. "Iterative Channel Estimation Scheme for the WLAN Systems with the Multiple-Antenna Receivers." Advanced Engineering Forum 6-7 (September 2012): 871–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/aef.6-7.871.

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Alleviate the multipath delay spread and suitable for broadband transmission efficiency, orthogonal frequency division multiplexing wireless local area network (WLAN) is widely used to assist inverse fast Fourier transform and fast Fourier transform operation domain. Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing is a blow to the broadcast channel multipath fading and high data throughput, transmission, wireless fading channel method, which is widely used to support high performance bandwidth-efficient wireless multimedia services. Several times in the transmitter and receiver antenna technology allows data transfer rate and spectrum efficiency and the use of multiple transmit antennas and multiple receive antennas through spatial processing. High-precision channel estimation scheme is very important wideband multi-carrier orthogonal frequency complex WLAN systems use multiple antenna receiver based division of labor and the overall multi-carrier orthogonal frequency multiplexing division of performance-based WLAN system is to crucial antenna to receive the symbol error rate. In this article, the iterative channel estimation scheme proposed multi-carrier orthogonal frequency division multiplexed using multiple antennas receiver-based WLAN system.

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Olaleye, Temitope M., Paulo A. Ribeiro, and Maria Raposo. "Generation of Photon Orbital Angular Momentum and Its Application in Space Division Multiplexing." Photonics 10, no. 6 (June 8, 2023): 664. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10060664.

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In the last three decades, light’s orbital angular momentum (OAM) has been of great interest because it has unique characteristics that make it sought after in many research fields, especially in optical communications. To address the exponentially increasing demands for higher data rates and capacity in optical communication systems, OAM has emerged as an additional degree of freedom for multiplexing and transmitting multiple independent data streams within a single spatial mode using the spatial division multiplexing (SDM) technology. Innumerable research findings have proven to scale up the channel capacity of communication links by a very high order of magnitude, allowing it to circumvent the reaching of optical fiber’s non-linear Shannon limit. This review paper provides a background and overview of OAM beams, covering the fundamental concepts, the various OAM generators, and the recent experimental and commercial applications of the OAM-SDM multiplexing technique in optical communications.

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Shaimerdenova, Madina, Takhmina Ayupova, Aliya Bekmurzayeva, Marzhan Sypabekova, Zhannat Ashikbayeva, and Daniele Tosi. "Spatial-Division Multiplexing Approach for Simultaneous Detection of Fiber-Optic Ball Resonator Sensors: Applications for Refractometers and Biosensors." Biosensors 12, no. 11 (November 11, 2022): 1007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bios12111007.

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Fiber-optic ball resonators are an attractive technology for refractive index (RI) sensing and optical biosensing, as they have good sensitivity and allow for a rapid and repeatable manufacturing process. An important feature for modern biosensing devices is the multiplexing capacity, which allows for interrogating multiple sensors (potentially, with different functionalization methods) simultaneously, by a single analyzer. In this work, we report a multiplexing method for ball resonators, which is based on a spatial-division multiplexing approach. The method is validated on four ball resonator devices, experimentally evaluating both the cross-talk and the spectral shape influence of one sensor on another. We show that the multiplexing approach is highly efficient and that a sensing network with an arbitrary number of ball resonators can be designed with reasonable penalties for the sensing capabilities. Furthermore, we validate this concept in a four-sensor multiplexing configuration, for the simultaneous detection of two different cancer biomarkers across a widespread range of concentrations.

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Liu, Xing, Duo Deng, Zhenjun Yang, and Yan Li. "Dense Space-Division Multiplexing Exploiting Multi-Ring Perfect Vortex." Sensors 23, no. 23 (November 30, 2023): 9533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23239533.

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Vortex beams carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) have gained much interest in optical communications because they can be used to expand the number of multiplexing channels and greatly improve the transmission capacity. However, the number of states used for OAM-based communication is generally limited by the imperfect OAM generation, transmission, and demultiplexing methods. In this work, we proposed a dense space-division multiplexing (DSDM) scheme to further increase the transmission capacity and transmission capacity density of free space optical communications with a small range of OAM modes exploiting a multi-ring perfect vortex (MRPV). The proposed MRPV is generated using a pixel checkerboard complex amplitude modulation method that simultaneously encodes amplitude and phase information in a phase-only hologram. The four rings of the MRPV are mutually independent channels that transmit OAM beams under the condition of occupying only one spatial position, and the OAM mode transmitted in these spatial channels can be efficiently demodulated using a multilayer annular aperture. The effect of atmospheric turbulence on the MRPV was also analyzed, and the results showed that the four channels of the MRPV can be effectively separated under weak turbulence conditions. Under the condition of limited available space and OAM states, the proposed DSDM strategy exploiting MRPV might inspire wide optical communication applications exploiting the space dimension of light beams.

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Yahav, Itay, Nir Sheffi, Yacov Biofcic, and Dan Sadot. "Multi-Gigabit Spatial-Division Multiplexing Transmission Over Multicore Plastic Optical Fiber." Journal of Lightwave Technology 39, no. 8 (April 15, 2021): 2296–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/jlt.2021.3052781.

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Walker, J. C., R. Holmes, and G. R. Jones. "Code division multiplexing optical fibre sensors using a spatial light modulator." Pure and Applied Optics: Journal of the European Optical Society Part A 4, no. 2 (March 1995): 105–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0963-9659/4/2/006.

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Shwartz, Shoam, Michael A. Golub, and Shlomo Ruschin. "Computer-generated holograms for fiber optical communication with spatial-division multiplexing." Applied Optics 56, no. 1 (November 1, 2016): A31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.56.000a31.

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Savović, S., A. Djordjevich, A. Simović, and B. Drljača. "Spatial division multiplexing in nine-core graded index plastic optical fibers." Laser Physics 30, no. 9 (July 29, 2020): 095103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1555-6611/aba1f0.

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