Journal articles on the topic 'Joint production motivation'
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Kiseleva, G. S. "Assessment of motivation of potential employees of an industrial enterprise." Economy in the industry 11, no. 1 (July 12, 2018): 81–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17073/2072-1633-2018-1-81-86.
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A competently constructed incentive system ensures a high level of interest and satisfaction with the work activities of the staff, reducing costs and increasing production efficiency. The effectiveness of staff involvement largely depends on determining the motivational attitudes of candidates, identifying the dominant motivators of the applicant, which will save effort and time in dealing with many candidates, hire a specialist focused on achieving goals that do not run counter to the company’s policies. The article outlines the main aspects of assessing the motivation of potential employees. The measures on attraction of necessary quantity of the personnel from external and internal environment are offered. Research of motivational installations of candidates and employees of the industrial enterprise «Signal» Engels Design Bureau named after A.I. Glukharev Joint-Stock Company, on the basis of the data obtained, the values of candidates were determined depending on various parameters: age, position, on a territorial basis. The corporate values that are common to the employees of the enterprise and candidates in search of work are defined: decent wages, comfortable workplace, leadership professionalism, competent company policy, these factors were included in the corporate motivator map. In the area of staff incentives, knowledge of a variety of incentives is required, the ability to link incentives with motivations, and to receive evaluation information on the perception of incentives by candidates and employees to increase the efficiency of staff involvement and enrich the motivation system. The effectiveness of staff involvement can be increased by studying the motivational attitudes of candidates and selecting personnel at the initial stage, the motivational profile of which must match the company’s goals.
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Lindenberg, Siegwart, and Nicolai J. Foss. "Managing Joint Production Motivation: The Role of Goal Framing and Governance Mechanisms." Academy of Management Review 36, no. 3 (July 2011): 500–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2010.0021.
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Lindenberg, Siegwart, and Nicolai J. Foss. "Managing Joint Production Motivation: The Role of Goal Framing and Governance Mechanisms." Academy of Management Review 36, no. 3 (July 1, 2011): 500–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.5465/amr.2011.61031808.
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Spite, F. "Joint Discussion 11: The Lithium Problem Introduction." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 437–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600011631.
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The exact title of the JD 11 was: “stellar and interstellar lithium and primordial nucleosynthesis”. The large amount of work recently done about lithium provided an incentive for a discussion among the members of several commissions of the IAU. Lithium is a peculiar element. Since it is not produced in supernovae (at least such a production is not proven and would be quite different from the production of the other elements) its presence in old material is a legacy of the primordial nucleosynthesis. But lithium is a fragile element, and from a theoretical point of view, there are arguments tending to conclude that, in old stars, this legacy has been depleted. This difficult problem is areal challenge, an has been the motivation for many different works. The analysis of the lithium behavior in well known stars, of all kind of ages, metallicities, structures, peculiarities etc. is therefore extremely useful in order to understand the physicalprocesse at work for lithium depletion, and the reader will find here many up-to-date data. The analysis of lithium in interstellar material provides an essential information. Many works about lithium are in progress throughout the world on the different points of interest, so that the General Assembly of the IAU was an excellent occasion to have a review of the recent progresses made in different areas. A summary of (nearly) each communication made during the Joint Discussion 11 may be found hereafter. Longer summaries of the talks, and summaries of the posters will be published in a forthcoming volume of the Memorie of the Società Astronomica Italiana.
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Донцов and V. Dontsov. "Material Factor in the Formation of Motivation for the Useful Work of Health Workers." Journal of New Medical Technologies 20, no. 4 (December 20, 2013): 142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2750.
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In this article the technique of creation of the mechanism of the differentiated compensation as effective factor is given in formation of positive motivation for the useful work of employees of health institutions, as the factor promoting mutual interest of various categories of employees in each other and in receiving a medical product of joint work. Approaches to expression are found in uniform numerical system of essentially various indicators of the final result of medical production: volume, qualities, timeliness, outcome. This allowed to reduce all of the four main characteristics of one polymer indicator of the final result of the activity of a doctor. As a result it became possible to establish a differentiated salary strictly adequate to the final result of work of a doctor, including scope of work, quality and timeliness of medical care, the outcome of the disease. Interrelations of various categories of medical workers and a share of their participation in uniform production are established. This allowed to determine in exact proportions the salary sizes in relation to the size of a salary of a doctor. The share importance of various factors on indicators of the final result of medical production is shown. The created mechanism of the differentiated compensation in modern social and economic conditions stirs up activity of each employee possessing different functions.
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Suutari, Anne-Marie, Johan Thor, Annika M. M. Nordin, Sofia Kjellström, and Kristina Areskoug Josefsson. "Improving Health for People Living With Heart Failure: Focus Group Study of Preconditions for Co-Production of Health and Care." Journal of Participatory Medicine 13, no. 2 (May 11, 2021): e27125. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27125.
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Background Co-production of health and care involving patients, families of patients, and professionals in care processes can create joint learning about how to meet patients’ needs. Although barriers and facilitators to co-production have been examined previously in various health care contexts, the preconditions in Swedish chronic cardiac care contexts are yet to be explored. This study is set in the health system of the Swedish region of Jönköping County and is part of system-wide efforts to promote better health for persons with heart failure (HF). Objective The objective of this study was to test the usefulness of the Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation Behavior (COM-B) model when assessing the barriers to and facilitators of co-production of health and care perceived by patients with HF, family members of patients with HF, and professionals in a Swedish chronic cardiac care context as a guide for subsequent initiatives. Methods Data collection involved 1 focus group interview (FGI) with patients with HF (n=5), 1 FGI with family members of patients with HF (n=5), 1 FGI with professionals in primary care (n=7), and 1 FGI with professionals in cardiac care (n=4). In addition, patients with HF kept diaries of their thoughts regarding co-production. Using a deductive approach to content analysis, underpinned by the COM-B model, barriers and facilitators were categorized into capabilities, opportunities, and motivations to co-produce health and care. Results The participants showed limited understanding of co-production as a practice. They appeared to view it as a privilege to be offered to patients on top of traditional care and rarely as an approach for improving health care processes. The interviews revealed the limited health literacy among patients and the struggle of professionals to convey health information to these patients. Co-production was considered to be more resource-intensive than traditional care. Different expectations of stakeholders’ roles were revealed: professionals expected older patients not to want to co-produce health and care, and all participants expected professionals to be in charge of health care services. The family members’ position involved trying to balance their desire to support their relatives with understanding when, how, and with whom to co-produce. Presumed benefits motivated stakeholders: co-production was recognized to motivate patients to improve self-care. However, the participants recognized that motivation to get involved in health and care decisions varies over time among stakeholders. Conclusions Co-production can be facilitated by the stakeholders’ motivation. However, varying levels of understanding of co-production, patients’ limited health literacy, unease with power sharing between patients and professionals, and resource constraints are barriers that need to be managed to promote co-produced care and better health for persons living with HF. Further research is warranted to explore how to co-produce health care services with patients with HF and how leaders can facilitate the inevitable cultural change it requires and represents.
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Artemiev, B. V., G. P. Ermak, V. A. Galkin, A. M. Makarov, and I. L. Kravchuk. "The Role of the Human Factor in the Origin and Prevention of Accidents and Injuries at the Mining Enterprises." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 11 (November 2022): 79–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2022-11-79-84.
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An analysis of the concept of «human factor» for solving the problem of ensuring production safety showed that the understanding of the human factor as negative is widespread. Accidental or deliberate non-compliance with safety rules, inadequate situations, decisions, and actions of production participants from workers to directors of the enterprises are considered the main cause of accidents and injuries. Such one-sided approaches to the term and the corresponding managerial impacts on the human factor often do not improve, but worsen the situation, thereby increasing the production risk. In fact, the manifestations of the human factor in intentions, decisions, actions, and the results obtained can be both positive and negative in relation to the goals set, the established rules, the interests of individuals. In essence, the human factor of production is a direct or indirect human impact on other persons, technical devices and structures, technological process that causes certain changes in them. It is determined by the physical and organizational capabilities of a particular subject of production. The organization of production, as the interaction of people and technical means, is also a manifestation of the human factor of production, the basis and result of joint activity of business owners, senior managers of companies and enterprises, responsible employees of state controlling authority, conditioned by their will, motivation, qualification, and jurisdiction. Based on the established cause-and-effect relationships that form the concept of «human factor of production», an effective way of managing the human factor is proposed by determining the possibility of positive use of its potential. Joint and coordinated formation of conditions for safe and productive work, as well as timely risk control, allow managing the human factor in such a way as to ensure the safety and efficiency of production.
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Abramova, E. "Method for Assessing the Balance of Partnership Among Procurement Stakeholders Through Coordination Mechanisms." Scientific Research and Development. Economics 10, no. 1 (February 16, 2022): 16–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2587-9111-2022-10-1-16-21.
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The proposed article presents the results of the author's study of the indicator of partnership balance in relation to the use of coordination mechanisms in procurement activities of supply chain participants.
Based on a series of expert surveys, the author proposed an approach to defining this parameter, taking into account the assessment of the benefits and losses of partnership participants based on the results of the use of coordination mechanisms.
The study was based on a comparative analysis of retrospective data from companies participating in the questionnaire between July and December 2021. Among them are production, freight forwarding enterprises, warehouse operators, wholesale and retail trading companies.
In conclusion, the author made conclusions about the different influence of mechanisms of joint planning, motivation, resource integration on the dynamics of the indicator of balance of partnership in relations between companies and strategic and tactical suppliers.
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Nakisko, Oleksandr, and Olena Maiboroda. "Integrated agricultural associations in Ukraine: current status and development prospects." Actual problems of innovative economy, no. 4 (June 27, 2019): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.36887/2524-0455-2019-4-13.
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The current state of agricultural integrated associations in Ukraine is considered. Their significant distribution is analyzed, the variety of forms of integration in the developed countries of the European Union and the USA is investigated, their crucial importance in ensuring food security of the country and significant contribution to international trade is proved. The experience of forming vertically integrated structures in agro-industrial complex is considered. It is proved that the creation of vertically integrated structures in the agro-industrial complex solves the problem of food security of the coun-try, increases food exports, reduces disparities between industries, optimizes price chains from agricultural producers to the final consumer. Attention is drawn to the relevance of the study of the cooperation current state in rural areas in terms of promoting its revival, including: legal requirements for the formation of a diversified agricultural economy as a basis for rural man-agement, farms development, agricultural cooperatives and other relatively new organizational forms of agricultural entre-preneurship. Since currently the state does not have enough funds to establish a wholesale market, it is advisable to create alternative, small organizational forms of wholesale sales in rural areas. This may be cooperation in the field of procurement and marketing of agricultural products. Such cooperatives are designed to perform certain marketing functions. Peculiarities of domestic and foreign integrated formations development, motivation of direct participants to joint production-economic and marketing actions, coordination and carrying out of joint economic, scientific-technical policy, formation of regional economic complexes are generalized. The advantages and disadvantages of cooperation among other organizational and legal forms, as well as the advantages and disadvantages provided by agricultural holdings to agricultural producers are considered. The generalization of the conducted researches gave the chance to investigate motivation of the basic partici-pants, ways of realization of integration processes in market conditions. Key words: integration, integrated formations, integration processes, investments, innovations, investment climate, cooperation, agriculture, market infrastructure, diversification, associations, argoholding.
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Glebbeek, Arie, and Sofie Wiersma. "Tijdconcurrentie of tijdgulzigheid?" Tijdschrift voor Arbeidsvraagstukken 37, no. 2 (January 1, 2021): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/tva2021.2.004.gleb.
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Samenvatting Hoe komt het dat werknemers in post-Fordistische arbeidsorganisaties vaak meer uren werken dan zij eigenlijk zouden willen? Dit verband tussen ‘nieuwe’ arbeidscondities en een ‘mismatch’ tussen feitelijke en gewenste arbeidsuren is eerder vastgesteld, maar de precieze verklaring is in het vage gebleven. Het omvangrijke Nederlandse Time Competition onderzoek van kort na de eeuwwisseling suggereerde met zijn naam dat concurrentie tussen werknemers het dragende mechanisme vormt, maar deze suggestie is in het project destijds niet nauwkeurig getoetst. Dat is onbevredigend, temeer omdat in recentere literatuur een alternatief mechanisme wordt voorgesteld dat de tijdgulzigheid juist zoekt in door teamproductie aangedreven doeloriëntatie. Een dergelijke ‘joint production motivation’ verdraagt zich slecht met door individuele incentives aangestuurde concurrentieprocessen. De data van het Time Competition project, met informatie over 1114 werknemers uit 30 organisaties, bieden een nog onbenutte mogelijkheid tot een rivaliserende toetsing van beide verklaringen. Deze neemt de vorm aan van een mediatie-analyse, waarin het tijdconcurrentiemechanisme zich moet bewijzen en de op samenwerking gebaseerde theorie de nulhypothese stelt. De laatste komt als duidelijke winnaar uit deze strijd naar voren.
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Terziev, Venelin, Branko Sotirov, and Boris Sakakushev. "HEALTH AND SAFETY AT WORK, PREREQUISITES FOR INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE LABOR ACTIVITY." KNOWLEDGE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL 31, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 2003–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij31062003t.
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The objectives of each economic organization can only be achieved as a result of the joint work of all its staff. They are most effectively achieved, provided they are in tune with the external environment and the factors in it. Also the motivation of staff plays critical role in this, and not the least, the selection of the staff and its objectvely examined competencies. The purpose of recruiting staff into the organization is to create a job reserve, taking into account the following circumstances: future change in organizational and staff relations, dismissals, relocations, retirement, premature termination of employment contracts, modification of the nature of the production program. Before making a decision to recruit new emploees, it is appropriate to identify other alternative options that can be used in the company. These include: extra work and increased work intensity; structural reorganization and use of new production schemes; reengineering; attracting specialized companies to carry out certain types of activities. Recruitment is a responsible task and the optimal number of staff needs to be taken into account when deciding how to do so. An insufficient number of workers, can have consequences, some of which may be a failure of the production program, occurrence of accidents at work, conflict situations in the collective. Labor surpluses lead to an increase in financial costs related to wages, a reduction in the interest in qualitative and highly skilled labor, the leave of skilled workers. The principal and main resource of each organization is the people who work in it. Therefore, the greatest importance should be given to the study of issues relating to the management of their behavior at work, the motivation of their activities. It is workers who create the production of the organization, and although machines and appliances have become "masters" of many technological processes, the role of man in the organization not only does not diminish but is constantly increasing. In today's dynamic economic development, people working in companies are too important, but also costly. That is why the people working in the organization are the main subject of management. The management of the company creates the personnel, establishes the system of relations between the people in the organization, allows to create the necessary conditions for the fullest manifestation of the employees' productive capacities and their intensive development, contributes to their training and growth. Management should create conditions in which workers feel satisfied with their work in the organization.
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DUCHYNSKA, N. I., A. O. OSAUL, and S. V. FOMISHYN. "ENVIRONMENTALIZATION OF PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION AMID GLOBALIZATION." Economic innovations 23, no. 3(80) (August 20, 2021): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.31520/ei.2021.23.3(80).101-109.
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Topicality. National reproduction processes are interconnected amid markets` globalization. The environmentalization of production and consumption forms the basis for the creation of an environmentally safe environment of human existence and its livelihoods in a country and in the world as a whole. There are new problems and trends of production and consumption environmentalization amid global process` impact that require further analysis and determine the relevance of the study Aim and tasks. The aim of the article is to study the mutual influence of production and consumption environmentalization amid globalizations. The essence of environmentalization, its production and consumption trends, global processes` impact on environmentalization have been found out. Research results. The main environmental problems of Ukraine have been figured out in the article, i.e. water, air and soil pollution, fertility fall, significant amount of untreated and not recycled wastes at land fills Production and consumption environmentalization are an urgent issue for the development of internal and external markets. It is related to the environmental-biased businesses` development. It is a set of innovative changes in businesses` technical and technological activity, which contributes to the environmentally friendly and economically efficient business outcomes. It has been studied that among the forms of public assistance to businesses aimed to reduce their negative environmental impact, green tax allowance play stands out in the EU. The share of this tax in the state and local budgets of Ukraine has been analyzed. The lack of its restraining influence on environmental law violations as well as manufacturers` motivation who take care of the environment has been found out. The mutual influence and interdependence of production and consumption environmentalization, ambivalent impact of global processes on the consumption: due to the expanding consumption of environmentally friendly goods and services, and violations of low-income population`s consumption safety by supplying cheap environmentally hazardous goods produced by local and foreign manufacturers. The growth of external demand for domestic agro-industrial manufacturers` goods applying environmental certification and environmental marking to guarantee their production safety and promotion to the EU markets, and public procurement implementation had been analyzed. The significance of advertisement and other marketing activities of enterprises used to form environmentally conscious consumers and fuel the growth of their environmentally friendly products demand has been pointed out. Conclusion. Growth of environmental culture and education, national income and market capacity for environmentally friendly products, growing demand for more expensive, but health safe industrial and agricultural products, changing consumption structure drive joint efforts intensification at the national and international levels as for production and consumption of environmentally friendly goods. Domestic businesses` environmentalization contributes to the reproduction of a green ecosystem in Ukraine, saturation of internal and global markets by environmentally safe goods supplied by domestic producers. The state acts as a leader who stimulates environmentalization of public reproduction applying both direct and indirect impact methods.
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Badal, Bharat Prasad. "Social Welfare Model of Rural Development." Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural Studies 14, no. 1-2 (December 10, 2017): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/njdrs.v14i1-2.19642.
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After analyzing the balanced growth unbalanced growth, unlimited supply of laborer, transformation of traditional agriculture and social choice theories as well as Gandhian model of rural development, US market model economy, Chinese socialist’s economy, Korean model of rural development (Saemual Undong), mix welfare model of Sweden, this paper emphasizes that people’s participation is inevitable to achieve desired development goals. However, all these doctrines, theories or model have identified active participation of the people in development process but still those doctrines are silent about how to emancipate and mobilize people. Here is why, this paper has designed and developed social welfare model of Rural Development (SWMRD) based on Sen’s social choice theory, Gandhian model of rural development and doctrine of factors of production of economics. According to the model people have to make plan of their resources for sustainable economic return and its implementation. Government has to assure freedom, human right, motivation and protection. Hence, SWMRD model will be applicable on development studies and useful to development policy makers.Nepalese Journal of Development and Rural StudiesVol. 14 (Joint issue) (1&2), 2017, Page: 1-11
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García-González, Ángela, María Achón, Alejandra Carretero Krug, Gregorio Varela-Moreiras, and Elena Alonso-Aperte. "Food Sustainability Knowledge and Attitudes in the Spanish Adult Population: A Cross-Sectional Study." Nutrients 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2020): 3154. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12103154.
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Moving towards sustainable food systems and food consumption are proposed as strategies to reduce environmental impact. However, these strategies require joint action between different stakeholders, including the general population’s knowledge and perception, as final consumers. To assess the knowledge and awareness on food sustainability and environmental impact concepts in a representative sample of Spanish adult population, we conducted a cross-sectional, nationally representative telephone survey. After random selection, 2052 respondents aged ≥18 years (57% woman and 43% men) participated. A questionnaire was specifically designed for the research. Participants showed a good attitude towards sustainable diets, which were described as healthy by 40% of the population. Most of the responders (>70%), did not well understand ecological and carbon footprints, and green and blue water concepts. Men declared a higher understanding of sustainability concepts, as compared to women. More than 50% of the population misunderstood the impact of meat and derivatives production on sustainability, and 70% perceived the same for fish and dairy products. Women were more prone to pay more money to afford a sustainable diet than men were. In conclusion, although consumers show a positive attitude towards sustainability, important misconceptions remain, and thus require intervention through education, information, and motivation.
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Pogoda, Bernadette, Janet Brown, Boze Hancock, Joanne Preston, Stephane Pouvreau, Pauline Kamermans, William Sanderson, and Henning von Nordheim. "The Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) and the Berlin Oyster Recommendation: bringing back a key ecosystem engineer by developing and supporting best practice in Europe." Aquatic Living Resources 32 (2019): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/alr/2019012.
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Efforts to restore the native oyster Ostrea edulis and its associated habitats are gaining momentum across Europe. Several projects are currently running or being planned. To maximize the success of these, it is crucial to draw on existing knowledge and experience in order to design, plan and implement restoration activities in a sustainable and constructive approach. For the development of best practice recommendations and to promote multidimensional knowledge and technology exchange, the Native Oyster Restoration Alliance (NORA) was formed by partners from science, technology, nature conservation, consultancies, commercial producers and policy-makers. The NORA network will enhance scientific and practical progress in flat oyster restoration, such as in project planning and permitting, seed oyster production, disease management and monitoring. It also focuses on joint funding opportunities and the potential development of national and international regulatory frameworks. The main motivation behind NORA is to facilitate the restoration of native oyster habitat within its historic biogeographic range in the North Sea and other European seas along with the associated ecosystem services; services such as enhancing biodiversity, including enhanced fish stocks, nutrient cycling and sediment stabilization. NORA members agreed on a set of joint recommendations and strongly advise that any restoration measure should respect and apply these recommendations: The Berlin Oyster Recommendation is presented here. It will help guide the development of the field by developing and applying best practice accordingly. NORA also aims to combine the outreach activities of local projects for improved community support and awareness and to provide educational material to increase knowledge of the key ecological role of this species and increase awareness among regulators, permit providers and stakeholders. A synthesis of O. edulis restoration efforts in Europe is provided and underlines the general significance in the field.
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Bartlett, Doreen J., and Robert J. Palisano. "Physical Therapists' Perceptions of Factors Influencing the Acquisition of Motor Abilities of Children With Cerebral Palsy: Implications for Clinical Reasoning." Physical Therapy 82, no. 3 (March 1, 2002): 237–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptj/82.3.237.
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Abstract Background and Purpose. Evidence supporting factors predicting motor change for children with cerebral palsy is minimal. A consensus exercise using focus groups and survey methods was conducted to identify factors perceived to affect the acquisition of basic motor abilities among children with cerebral palsy from the time of diagnosis to 7 years of age. Subjects. Fifty-seven physical therapists participated in one of 12 focus groups, and 60 physical therapists participated in a follow-up questionnaire survey via mail. Methods. The nominal group technique was used to conduct the focus groups. Results. Participants reached consensus about 12 factors in 4 constructs, which we called: (1) primary impairments (muscle tone/movement patterns, distribution of involvement, balance, and sensory impairment), (2) secondary impairments (range of motion/joint alignment, force production, health, and endurance), (3) personality characteristics (motivation), and (4) family factors (support to child, family expectations, and support to family). Discussion and Conclusion. The recognition of potential determinants of motor change could assist in the clinical reasoning that physical therapists use when planning interventions for children with cerebral palsy. Participants identified a set of variables, some of which are found in the literature, that can provide foundation knowledge for decision making and research on factors that bring about change in motor ability among children with cerebral palsy.
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Musarrat, Rubab, Muniba Fatima Zahra, and Amna Ashraf. "ISPR Productions vs. Nationalism, Inclination to Join Army and Image Building: Case of Pakistan's Military Operations." Global Social Sciences Review VI, no. IV (December 30, 2021): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2021(vi-iv).01.
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This study targets to investigate the impact of Inter-Services of Public Relations (ISPR) production, broadcasted during the war against terrorism, on Pakistani youth. It is hypothesized that ISPR productions have helped in inflating the motivation level of Pakistani youth, thus helping in promoting the nationalism and positive image of Pakistan. Furthermore, the role of ISPR productions in motivating youth to join Pakistan's Army is also explored. A cross-sectional survey research design was used. The sample of this study was comprised of youth aged between 18 to 24 years, selected through the non-probability purposive sample. The measures comprised of a self-constructed indigenous questionnaire assessing the impact of ISPR productions during a military operation in image building, promotion of nationalism and motivation to join the army. The data analyzed through SPSS Version 22.00 yielded insightful findings. The finding revealed that watching ISPR productions helped in instilling a fervent attitude of Pakistani youth towards nationalism and the Pakistani military. There had been a clearer inclination of youth to aspire for joining the military for upholding the nationalism beliefs, and this finding appears promising, keeping in mind the relative declining opinion that has been observed in youth from the past decade pertaining to nationalism and military operations.
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Kachuriner, Viktoriia, and Malvina Hrushko. "FORMATION OF THE INNOVATIVE PROJECT FINANCING MODEL IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Baltic Journal of Economic Studies 5, no. 2 (May 13, 2019): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/2256-0742/2019-5-2-65-72.
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The state of development of the leading countries of the world proves that its main factors are innovative high technologies, new equipment, a new organization of labour and production, a new motivation for entrepreneurship. They ensure the economic stability of micro and macro systems, their competitiveness both in the domestic and foreign markets. Given the limited nature of state financial resources, the problem of finding additional sources of financing for the purpose of activating the development of innovation activity in Ukraine is becoming increasingly urgent. Today, many countries are actively implementing modern models of financing of innovative projects. In many countries, hybrid financial instruments are transformed in the modern environment into hybrid investment models such as crowdfunding and crowdinvesting. Research of existing models of innovative economic development is always relevant, development tendencies are constantly changing under the influence of global conditions. In Ukraine, it is possible to predict the development of such innovative models as: a resource model without high-tech production (natural resources – production – money); innovative model (transformation of money for research into knowledge – transformation of knowledge into skills of workers and innovations – transformation of innovations into goods – money); intellectual-donor model. An analysis of the world experience of using such forms of activation of innovation activity in the USA, Japan, Western Europe, the CIS, and other countries proves their relevance and prospects for Ukraine. At the same time, the efficiency of the functioning of innovation centres is largely determined by the proper level of financing of their activities, especially at an early stage. The model “university – innovation centres” aims to overcome the gap between education and the implementation of the knowledge gained in creating innovation. Within the framework of this model, two blocks are key: a block of joint research centres “university – industry” and a block of the creation of innovation centres and startup. The advantages of such a mechanism are: firstly, for business – direct state support for innovations, the possibility of investing under the state guarantees; and secondly, for the state – reduction of budgetary expenditures at the expense of funds attracted in the sphere of innovation activity, increase of innovation activity of priority sectors of the economy, distribution of innovative risks. The model of joint research centres “university – business structure” provides two variants of financing of such centres. The first option is based on the formation of a research centre in the form of corporation, which may include universities, private investors, local authorities, other sponsors and stakeholders. Traditionally, Ukraine has significant potential in some important fields of science, such as medicine, physics, astronomy, biology, chemistry, materials science, space science, and Earth science. Participation in Horizon 2020 allows creating additional opportunities for the successful development of these branches of science.
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Гайнутдинов and Ilgizar Gaynutdinov. "ROLE OF AGRIBUSINESS STAFFING IN IMPROVING THE EFFICIENCY OF LAND RESOURCES." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 9, no. 1 (September 7, 2014): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/3799.
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As we know, the level of organization and efficiency of agricultural production depends on provision of highly qualified specialists. Nowadays, we oversee a shortage of qualified personnel in the agribusiness of the Republic of Tatarstan. Increasing the agricultural products output, on the one hand, and lack of managerial staff in the agricultural enterprises, on the other hand, cause increasing the loading on industry experts, which drastically reduces their motivation to work and efficiency of industrial process control. All this leads to a decrease in efficiency of agricultural production. Studies show, that agribusiness personnel security system depends on their training and retraining in the higher educational institutions, on focused work of personnel services at various levels, on the level of wages, on satisfaction of specialists in social and economic conditions of labor, on output and load to one specialist. Agricultural enterprises do not use standard method for determining the needs of industry professionals. According to nominally - standard method in 2012, the plant industry needed in 1533 agronomists, but according to the information of personnel department of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic only 634 agronomists worked in the Republic, that was 41.3% of the estimated quantity. This has led to an expansion of the load on a single specialist, which reduced the efficiency of management, timely execution of processes for organizational reasons and low yields. The loss of crop production averaged in thе Republic was 648 863.600 rubles, that is equivalent to 119 276.3 tons of grain. The shortage of highly qualified personnel in rural areas, their low fixability, degradation qualitative and quantitative human capacity can be eliminated by the development and adoption at the federal and regional levels the targeted program of agribusiness staffing and develop guidelines and criteria for personnel policy. Social and economic activities, that promote security personnel include: material incentives increase, improvement of living conditions, the introduction of new forms of work organization, compliance labor intensity, professional and qualitative promotion of workers. The studies have shown that: an objective approach at making appointments to executive positions; use of personnel reserve; introduction of innovative technologies into the production; improvement of specialists remuneration systems; creation of a single automated system of personnel monitoring in agribusiness; improvement living conditions and higher wages of specialists - are the main measures, facilitating to consolidation of professionals in rural areas. All these measures will have maximum impact and benefit only in joint implementation by the owners of agricultural enterprises and government agribusiness agencies.
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Popova, Olga. "GREENMARKETING: DISTRIBUTION, SALES, SERVICE." Economical 1, no. 1(22) (2020): 90–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31474/1680-0044-2020-1(22)-90-96.
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Goal. Substantiation of the theoretical basis for the use of green marketing technologies in the processes of distribution, sales and service in accordance with the evolution of models of sustainable development of economic relations at micro and macro levels in terms of manifestations and consequences of globalization, pandemics, economic crises and political instability. Method. Analysis of the impact of the main trends in the development of green marketing technologies on business processes at the micro and macro levels is based on methods of analysis and synthesis, a systematic approach, grouping and comparison. The study of the evolution of green marketing technologies in the processes of promotion, sales and service is based on methods of generalization, comparisons, dialectical approach. Results. Emphasis is placed on strengthening the role of the concept of sustainable development of economic relations at the micro and macro levels of management in terms of manifestations and consequences of globalization, pandemics, economic crises and political instability of the world economy. It is noted that the world economic space is characterized by increased competition for production and consumption. It is shown that decisions on the introduction of green marketing technologies in the processes of production, sales and service should be made on the basis of analysis of motivation of producers and consumers, assessment of environmental and economic efficiency of stimulating the transition to sustainable development at all levels of production and consumption. environmental friendliness of goods and services with technological production capabilities, projected production costs and expected results from the use of green marketing technologies on the market. It is substantiated that the logic of the dominant transformations of the world socio-economic space to the conditions of sustainable development is the spread of green marketing technologies. According to the concept of green marketing, these technologies should be planned and implemented taking into account environmental needs and market requirements and based on the principles of restoration, preservation and improvement of the environment, natural resources and optimal generation and use of waste. Emphasis is placed on the fact that the effectiveness of green marketing technologies is largely due to the state of its four interconnected complexes: production, sales, service and consumption, which form a single ecosystem. Thus change of parameters of functioning of any of the specified complexes in the course of realization of a green marketing policy, certainly, will affect both a condition of private consumption (microlevel), and on the general result of national well-being (macrolevel). It is proved that there is mutualism - a situation in which the effectiveness of interaction is important for both private (personal) and joint (at the level of society) result. It is shown that green marketing technologies provide additional economic benefits to producers and help to interact with consumers based on their assessment of not their own but public benefit. Scientific novelty. The expediency of introduction and dissemination to all levels of management at the micro and macro levels of management in terms of coevolutionary development of its four interconnected complexes: scientific and educational, socio-cultural, industrial, economic and public policy.
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Alden Abd Al Al, Sahm, Marcell Gáspár, and Ákos Meilinger. "Properties of Hybrid Aluminium-Steel Joints Made by Resistance Spot Welding." Defect and Diffusion Forum 416 (May 27, 2022): 131–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-3099yq.
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Resistance spot welding has significant role in the joining technologies of automotive industry. In the recent period there were some rival technologies, but resistance spot welding remains important. This has numerous reasons however mass production is one of the main motivations. The applied base materials both steel and aluminium develop rapidly. The dual-phase (DP) steels with different strength are typical in the automotive chassis, and the high strength aluminium alloys also continuously spread. These special material combinations mean new challenges for joining technologies, sometimes hybrid aluminium - steel joints should be prepared. In this paper hybrid joints between DP800 steel and 5754-H22/6082-T6 sheets were prepared. The microstructural and strength properties of the joints were investigated and compared. An intermetallic compound was formed between the dissimilar sheets during welding which is basically determine the joint properties.
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Pereira, Eduardo G., Tolulope O. Taiwo, and Ngozi Chinwa Ole. "Addressing Residual Liability and Insolvency in Disused Oil and Gas Infrastructure Left in Place: The Cases of Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, no. 2 (March 18, 2021): 326–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i2.3.
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This article analyses the decommissioning framework for oil and gas infrastructures in Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. It examines whether the existing provisions in each country are able to guarantee that the government and, by extension taxpayers, do not bear the costs of decommissioning and, the consequences of insolvency on residual liabilities. An additional motivation for this examination is the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic with significant adverse impacts on the oil and gas industry. A likely consequence of the economic devastation from this is the insolvency of any party with decommissioning obligations.The article argues that the provisions of the Brazil petroleum legislation on the reversion of abandoned installations to the government could imply that taxpayers have to bear the residual liabilities without any compensation from the concerned concessionaires or contractors. It also argues that the provisions of the Petroleum Law to the effect that ‘the reversion of facilities does not entail any expense whatsoever for the Brazilian government ’does not certainly translate to pecuniary compensation to the latter for assuming the future residual liabilities from abandoned installations. The Nigerian and the Trinidad &Tobago Decommissioning Framework also suffer the latter risk of the government bearing the residual liabilities for such disused installations.In Nigeria, the framework is silent on who bears the residual liabilities for disused installations. However, it is argued that the provisions of the Production Sharing Contracts on the transfer of ownership to the Nigerian government implies that they would have to bear eventual liabilities for such disused installations. Even in cases where the licensee or contractor may bear the burden of residual liabilities, the problem of future insolvency and cessation of such companies may entail that taxpayers bear the burden of residual liabilities. The article concludes with key recommendations on how to address the identified gaps using lessons from best practices such as United Kingdom, Norway and United States of America. One of such proposals is on the allocation of liability where there is a transfer of interest. Another is for joint and several or at least secondary liability of responsible parties even after decommissioning activities are over; a recommended provision to this effect is also provided. The third recommendation is on how time-constrained residual liability can be used alongside lump sum payments to limit the State's financial exposure for decommissioning costs.
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Dubová, Lenka, Jan Macháč, and Alena Vacková. "Food Provision, Social Interaction or Relaxation: Which Drivers Are Vital to Being a Member of Community Gardens in Czech Cities?" Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 17, 2020): 9588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229588.
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Urban gardening provides city dwellers with a wide range of benefits. Research dealing with the benefits of community gardens (CG) is often qualitative, focused on their founders’ motivations. The objective of our contemporary quantitative study is to understand why the inhabitants of Czech cities join CGs. The paper answers the research question: “What drivers exist for members’ participation in CGs?” It also deals with how the drivers of CG members differ across CGs’ locations in different urban structures. The data were obtained through an online survey from 28 CGs across Czechia, in both the capital and smaller cities. The importance of the different drivers was examined using statistical analysis and logit models. The research shows that the main motivation for the members is not crop production itself but, rather, the spending of leisure time, social contact and relaxation. Other key drivers include the passing on of experience and knowledge about nature to children, which is found mostly among the members with previous cultivation experience. Based on our results, CGs may contribute to the development of public life and to the improvement of public space; hence, the greater support by local decision makers or spatial planners can be justified.
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Khatiwada, Dikshya, and Pappu Yadav. "Technical Efficiency of Ginger Production in Ilam District of Nepal: A Stochastic Production Frontier Approach." Advances in Agriculture 2022 (February 8, 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3007624.
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This study measured the level of technical efficiency among smallholder ginger growers and examined the determinants of inefficiency by employing the stochastic frontier production function. The paper used a simple random sampling technique to interview 100 ginger farmers in Ilam, a leading ginger-producing district in Nepal, with the help of a pretested interview schedule. The STATA.13 software was used to obtain both stochastic frontier estimates and the determinants of technical inefficiency. The results revealed that the average farm-level technical efficiency is 67.8% which shows the scope of increasing the technical efficiency by 32.2%. The coefficients of seed and farmyard manure were positive and showed significant relation to ginger output at a 1% and 5% level of significance, respectively. Education level, training, and membership in cooperatives had a negative and significant impact on technical inefficiency, whereas areas under ginger production had a positive impact on technical inefficiency. Hence, improving the technical knowledge of farmers through training on optimum input use complemented with motivation to join agriculture cooperatives and farmer’s associations may increase the technical efficiency of ginger growers in the study area.
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van Criekinge, Jan. "Historisch Overzicht van de Spoorwegen in West-Afrika." Afrika Focus 5, no. 3-4 (January 15, 1989): 133–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2031356x-0050304003.
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Historical Survey of the Railway Development in West Africa The present day railway system in West Africa is the result of the transport-policy developed by the colonial powers (France, Great Britain and Germany) at the end of the 19th century. It is remarkable that no network of railways, like in Southern Africa, was brought about. The colonial railways in West Africa were built by the State or by a joint-stock company within the borders of one colony to export the raw materials from the production centres to the harbours. Nevertheless railways were built for more than economical grounds only, in West Africa they had to accomplish a strategic and military role by “opening Africa for the European civilization”. Hargreaves calls railways the “heralds of new imperialism” and Baumgart speaks of the own dynamics of the railways, to push the European colonial powers further into Africa ... The construction of a railway needed a very high capital investment and the European capitalists wouldn’t like to take risks in areas that were not yet “pacified”. It is remarkable how many projects to build a Transcontinental railway right across the Sahara desert largely remained on paper. Precisely because such plans did not materialize, however, the motive force they provided to such imperialist actions as political-territorial annexations can be traced all the more clearly. The French built the first railway in West Africa, the Dakar - St-Louis line (Senegal), between 1879 and 1885. This line stimulated the production of ground-nuts, although the French colonial-military lobby has had other motives. The real motivation became very clear at the construction of the Kayes-Bamako railway. Great difficulties needed the military occupation of the region and the violent recruitment of thousands of black labourers, all over the region. The same problems transformed the building of the Kayes-Dakar line into a real hell. Afterwards the Siné Saloum region has been through a “agricultural revolution”, when the local ground-nuts-producers have been able to produce for foreign markets. The first British railways were built in Sierra Leone and the Gold Coast-colony (Ghana). Jn Nigeria railway construction stimulated the growth of Lagos as an harbour and administrative centre. Lugard had plans for the unification of Nigeria by railways. The old Hausa town of Kano flourished after the opening of the Northern Railway, for other towns a period of decline had begun. Harbour cities and interior railwayheads caused an influx of population from periphery regions, the phenomenon is called “port concentration”. Also the imperial Germany built a few railwaylines in their former colony Togo, to avoid the traffic flow off to the British railways. ifs quite remarkable that the harbours at the Gulf of Guinea-coast developed much later than the harbours of Senegal and Sierra Leone. After the First World War only a few new railways were constructed, the revenues remained very low, so the (colonial) state had to take over many lines. The competition between railways and roadtransport demonstrated the first time in Nigeria, it was the beginning of the decline of railways as the most important transportsystems in West Africa. Only multinational companies built specific railways for the export of minerals (iron, ore and bauxite) after the Second World War, and the French completed the Abidjan - Ouagadougou railway (1956). The consequences of railway construction in West Africa on economic, demographic and social sphere were not so far-reaching as in Southern Africa, but the labour migration and the first labour unions of railwaymen who organized strikes in Senegal and the Ivory Coast mentioned the changing social situation. The bibliography of the West African railways contains very useful studies about the financial policy of the railway companies and the governments, but only a few railways were already studied by economic historians.
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Mokhlesabadi, Shahram, Mohammad Reza Kabaranzad Ghadim, Hasan Ali Aghajani Kasegari, and Mohammad Mahdi Movahedi. "Design and development of a model and optimal planning for supply chain responsibility towards the environment." Nexo Revista Científica 34, no. 01 (April 13, 2021): 168–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5377/nexo.v34i01.11295.
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The responsible management of product return flows in production and inventory environments is a rapidly increasing requirement for companies. This can be attributed to economic, environmental and/or regulatory motivations. Mathematical modeling of such systems has assisted decision-making processes and provided a better understanding of the behavior of such production and inventory environments. This paper reviews the literature on the modeling of reverse logistics inventory systems based on the economic order/production quantity (EOQ/EPQ) and the joint economic lot size (JELS) settings to systematically analyze the mathematics involved in capturing the main characteristics of related processes. The literature is surveyed and classified according to the specific issues faced and modeling assumptions. Special attention is given to environmental issues. There are indications of the need for reverse logistics models' mathematics to follow current trends in ‘greening’ inventory and supply-chain models. The modeling of waste disposal, greenhouse-gas emissions, and energy consumption during production is considered as the most pressing priority for the future of reverse logistics models. An illustrative example for modeling reverse logistics inventory models with environmental implications is presented.
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Rodríguez Gallego, Margarita R., and Antonia López Martínez. "Entorno virtual de aprendizaje compartido en Educación Superior." REDU. Revista de Docencia Universitaria 11, no. 1 (April 30, 2013): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/redu.2013.5607.
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<p>Cada vez son más demandadas las plataformas virtuales apoyadas en el concepto web 2.0 y en las Redes Personales de Aprendizaje (PLN) al garantizar la conversación entre agentes educativos y la colaboración orientada a la producción conjunta de conocimiento.</p><p>Desde este punto de vista, surgieron los Entornos Virtuales de Aprendizaje (VLE) dónde se configuran, integran y combinan nuevas aplicaciones adaptadas a las necesidades de los usuarios.</p><p>El propósito final de esta experiencia es la creación de un entorno virtual compartido para lograr que el aprendizaje no se vincule exclusivamente a una actividad memorística y que a través del uso combinado de la plataforma virtual, herramientas de la web 2.0 y la red social los estudiantes puedan crear su propio espacio de trabajo en el que quede reflejado la búsqueda y transformación de la información, creación de recursos para el aprendizaje y tareas de colaboración.</p><p>Nuestro entorno virtual de aprendizaje compartido ha sido puesto a prueba, implementado y evaluado durante el segundo cuatrimestre, en el marco de la asignatura Didáctica General en la Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación de la Universidad de Sevilla (España) durante el curso académico 2009-2010.</p><p>Una encuesta efectuada revela hechos interesantes sobre el éxito de este entorno virtual compartido en relación con la motivación y los resultados de aprendizaje de los estudiantes. </p><p> </p><p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong></p><p class="REDUTITULOINGLES"><em><strong><span lang="GL">Shared virtual learning environments in higher education.</span><span lang="EN-US"> </span></strong></em></p><p>There is an increasing demand for virtual platforms based on the concept of Web 2.0 and on Personal Learning Networks (PLN) as these guarantee conversations between educational agents and cooperation aimed at the joint knowledge production.</p><p>From this point of view, Virtual Learning Environments (VLE) have emerged in which new applications adapted to users’ needs are configured, integrated and combined.</p><p>The ultimate purpose of this experience is the creation of a shared virtual environment to ensure that learning is not linked exclusively to rote activity. Through the combined use of the virtual platform, Web 2.0 tools and social networking, students can create their own workspace in which the search and processing of information, as well as the creation of learning resources and collaboration tasks are reflected.</p><p>Our shared virtual learning environment has been tested, implemented and evaluated in the second semester, as part of the General Teaching Methodology course in the Faculty of Education at the University of Seville (Spain) during the 2009 – 2010 academic year.</p><p>A survey reveals interesting facts about the success of the shared virtual environment in relation to the motivation and learning outcomes of students.</p><p> </p>
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Esfandyari, Alireza, Aarief Syed-Khaja, Mark Horvath, and Jörg Franke. "Energy Efficiency Analysis of Vapor Phase Soldering Technology through Exergy-Based Metric." Applied Mechanics and Materials 805 (November 2015): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.805.196.
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In electronics production, the condensation based soldering technologies are known for reproducible solder profiles and efficient heat transfer methodology. The recent advancements in lead-free soldering and requirements for absolute void-free interconnections to increase the reliability and lifetime of the product needs optimization of the soldering process. The vacuum assisted vapor phase soldering process addresses the requirements with respect to mass production and parallelly resource efficient production which is also the motivation for the present work. This study is devoted to quantify the resource consumption and qualify this consumption through exergy flows in a vacuum vapor phase reflow soldering technology in electronics manufacturing.The analysis implies on the saving potential for energy consumption specifically during the vacuum process which also defines the void reduction quality of solder joints. Exergy efficiency analysis of a temperature profile depicts the influence of the materials used in the demonstrator. Shortening the production lead‑time, and increasing the production rate increase the efficiency of exergy and prevents wastage of usable energy. Furthermore, the set-up improvements for the temperature profiles processes are necessary, and the changes toward developing new, transformational technologies in pre-heating and vacuum zones are mandatory if a high efficiency of resources used is aimed.
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Bui, Thuy Thu Thi, Tuan Anh Dao, Ngoc Bich Thi Nguyen, and Trung Kien Pham. "An analysis of the employees arrangement in the 11th Longwall (applying synchronous mechanization technology capacity 600.000 tons/year) in Ha Lam Coal Join stock company - TKV." Journal of Mining and Earth Sciences 61, no. 5 (October 31, 2020): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.46326/jmes.ktqtkd2020.05.
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The article points out the shortcomings in the labor arrangement at the 11th long wall. The analysis results have shown: (i) The actual number of employees assigned to use is often much higher than expected. It is because Ha Lam Coal Joint Stock Company only designs for good conditions, but actually, the company faces many obstacles due to the characteristic production conditions; (ii) the actual productivity is much lower than the designed labor productivity because the calculation of the number of employees is not consistent with the production conditions of the long wall; at the same time, the number of manual workers for ancillary work is too much arranged according to actual needs; (iii) The current level of direct labor productivity at the 11th long wall is still low compared to the actual capacity, not motivating workers to increase labor productivity. The solutions to overcome the problems are (i) Complete the calculation of the number of employees considering the specific production conditions and the number of auxiliary workers; (ii)Re-arrange labor in manual auxiliary production to reduce labours; (iii) Recalculate the direct labor productivity assigned to the 11th long wall. With these solutions, the company will increase the initiative in production, improve labor productivity and lower product costs.
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Burhanuddin, Tintin Sarianti, and Mintarti. "Empowerment “Cassava Chips” Group Based on Pre Prosperity Family in Menteng and Neglasari Village." Agrokreatif Jurnal Ilmiah Pengabdian kepada Masyarakat 4, no. 2 (November 26, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.29244/agrokreatif.4.2.165-173.
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Empowerment cassava chips group based on pre prosperity family in Menteng Village, Bogor City and Neglasari Village, Bogor District purposed for reducing sum of poor family at two location. The special purpose is increasing income for poor families as the programme participants. The boundaries of poor family for the activity are pre prosperity family that have characteristic they could not eat twice a day, not have enough cloth for any activities, house condition not feasible, they could not access the health facilities and school because lack of budget. Steps of methode for building the new entrepreneur group based on pre prosperity family are 1) Selection and target approach; 2) Form the UMKM Miraos as “builder”; 3) Pre test; 4) Business motivation training, processing cassava chip training, marketing, and management business training; 5) Field study; 6) Introducing of suporting equipment for business; 7) Coaching and partner expansion; and 8) Post test. The result of empowerment activities resulted two groups small enterprises of cassava chips at both location. The two groups have earned additional income about IDR 60.000–150.000 per member in one cycle production after join the program. They also achieve increasing of knowledge and motivation about cassava chips business.
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Kaliyeva, Samal, Francisco Jose Areal, and Yiorgos Gadanakis. "Attitudes of Kazakh Rural Households towards Joining and Creating Cooperatives." Agriculture 10, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture10110568.
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The government of Kazakhstan is currently developing strategies and policies to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level to increase milk processing capacity. We use and expand the reasoned action approach as a framework to study the factors underlying the rural household’s motivation to participate in a governmental programme aimed at increasing rural cooperative production in Kazakhstan to increase milk production using primary data acquired from 181 randomly selected dairy households in the Akmola region of Kazakhstan. We account for the rural household’s psychological factors and socio-demographic characteristics along with the household’s risk attitudes, production structure, level of information about the government support programme and cooperatives, cultural aspects as well as the household’s proximity to the main market. A bivariate probit model is used to jointly estimate the impact of these factors on the rural household’s intention to join and create a cooperative. The results show that rural households which hold positive views towards cooperatives, have a relatively high production capacity, are aware/know of cooperatives, and do not have a dairy business as a source of household income are relatively keen to participate in collective actions. Perceived social norms and household risk attitudes also play a significant role in the rural household’s intention to participate in collective actions. Finally, gender and nationality are found to be positively associated with joining and creating a cooperative, while higher educated rural households are found to be less motivated to participate in the programme. In order to stimulate milk production at an industrial production level through a policy that encourages collective action, we recommend a policy that (a) supports rural households which have the capacity to produce and are in need; (b) is attractive to rural households which consider dairy as a source of income; and (c) is well disseminated and well explained to the targeted rural households.
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Sharapa, G. S., and O. V. Boyko. "INFLUENCE OF SOME PARATIPICAL FACTORS ON REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION OF DAIRY COWS." Animal Breeding and Genetics 56 (December 4, 2018): 136–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.31073/abg.56.18.
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Scientific and production experiments were carried out on cows of Ukrainian Black-and-White diary breed (UBAWD) of SE "Seagull" (branch "Lisne") during 2016–2017. The anatomical and physiological state of genital organs of cows was determined by the method of clinical and gynecological research of animals before conducting experiments and during them every 40–50 days. In total 486 cows were kept under control, which were kept in typical rooms with running platforms, but the active motivation of animals was clearly insufficient. Feeding cows according to the recommended standards. The milk yield from the cow in 2017 was 7813 kg.
The experiments studied the effect of feeding cows during the dry period, the conditions of retention and some other paratypic factors on the course of the genera and the postnatal period, the duration of the service period and the fertility of cows.
In analyzing the research results, personal records and veterinary documentation were used.
In conducting experiments, it was found that normal calving was in 89% of cows, and severe and pathological – in 11% of cases.
The main diseases in the afterlife period were: detention of the litter – 9.5%, postpartum endometritis – 21.5%, hypofunction of the ovaries – 23.0%, persistent yellow ovarian bodies – 25.6% and others. Normal intervals between stages of excitation of the sexual cycle (18–22 days) were in 63% of cows, and violations of the rhythm of sexual cycle, associated with dysfunction of the ovaries and missed the hunt – 30% of animals. Subunvulation of the genital organs of the cows contributed to the diseases of the limbs, udder and digestive disorders.
During 2016–2017, the effect of feeding cows (173 g.) in the dry period on the course of calving, post-autumn period and their fertility was studied. Under the same conditions, keeping cows in the maternity ward and feeding rough and succulent feeds concentrated feeds fed cows of the control group (98 heads) to 1–2 kg daily during the dry period, and experimental (75 heads) – for 18–20 days to calving 2–3 kg.
A positive difference was found in favor of cows of the experimental group: there was a more active stage of expulsion of the fetus, less delay of the placenta (by 7%) and endometritis (by 12%), the duration of the postoperative regenerative period decreased by 8.6 days; service period – 19.0 days; fertility from two inseminans was higher by 5.7%.
Study of the reproductive capacity of cows at the hotel in different seasons showed that the recovery period was shorter by 11 days in the presence of cows in 3–4 quarters, and the service period – by 23.2 days at hotel in I and IV sq. The average duration of the recovery period was 79.5 days, while the service period was 123.4 days. The longest duration of the joint ventricle was in cows at hotel during the hot summer days of the year.
The average fertilization rate from the first insemination of 339 cows was 44.9% with fluctuations in individual groups of milkers from 26.8% to 55.0%. The following indicators were in the number 1 and number 3 (respectively 26.8% and 31.4%). The best fertility rates were in groups № 4, 6 and 7, where there were more cows of the second and third lactation, and the responsible attitude of the milkers to work in organizing cows walks and sexually explicit hunting.
When comparing the assessment of the duration of the IP and SP in full-age cows and cows, the first-born, taking into account 225 goals. It was found that these indicators were longer in primitive cows – 20.7 days respectively and 21.9 days in relation to full-age cows. The obtained results are completely consistent with the results obtained by a number of both domestic and foreign researchers. More attention is needed to grow heifers and to prepare newborns for delivery.
In 15–17% of cows at and after the hotel, gynecological diseases that occurred in the presence of gastrointestinal diseases, lameness, mastitis and others were diagnosed. This has negatively affected the overall performance of the herd.
In studying the duration of HP and SP in healthy and sick cows after calving, it was found that if the SP in healthy cows lasts 73.4 days, then in patients – 116.3 days (the difference was 42.9 days), and the difference in the duration of the joint venture reached 98.7 days.
On the basis of the results of the research, it can be concluded that the reproductive function of the cows is influenced by such paratypic factors as feeding animals in the dry period, the temperature factor (time of year), the human factor (the effect of milking on a group of cows), age and physiological state of cows in the hotel and in the afterlife period.
When feeding 2–3 kg of bovine feed for cows, together with rough and juicy fodder for 18–20 days prior to calving, the recovery period decreased by 8.6 days and service period – by 19 days, and fertility from two inseminals increased by 5.7%, reaching 85.3%.
The smallest duration of the service-period was in the presence of cows in the I and IV quarters year (107.7–117.1 days).
In primary cows, the recovery period was longer than that of full-age cows by 20.7 days, and the service period was 21.9 days.
In the physiologically healthy cows after calving, the recovery period lasted an average of 73.4 days and service period – 98.7 days, and in patients, after the prescribed treatment – respectively 116.3 days and 197.4 days.
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Keryan, Tigran, Andreas Muhar, Tamara Mitrofanenko, Ashot Khoetsyan, and Verena Radinger-Peer. "Towards Implementing Transdisciplinarity in Post-Soviet Academic Systems: An Investigation of the Societal Role of Universities in Armenia." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 21, 2020): 8721. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208721.
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The concept of transdisciplinarity (TD) has been introduced to find solutions for complex sustainability challenges via knowledge co-production by scientists and societal actors. The understanding of the societal role of universities is a critical factor when implementing transdisciplinarity in the academic systems of Post-Soviet countries, given their historic development. Using Armenia as a case, we adopted a qualitative research approach by analyzing legal documents, conducting semi-structured expert interviews and focus group discussions with a range of stakeholders. We identified discrepancies of expectations between stakeholders as challenges for a joint understanding of the societal role of universities, as well as differently perceived competences and motivations, which can lead to trust deficits. The results are discussed according to four main features of transdisciplinarity: focusing on real-life problems, transcending and integrating disciplinary paradigms, ensuring participatory research and teaching, and searching for unity of knowledge beyond disciplines. Findings show that no formal obstacles exist for implementing transdisciplinarity in two Armenian universities and that the societal understanding of the role of universities could be expanded. Yet, while society is in principle ready for collaboration, the initiative is expected to come from academia. A particular responsibility will lie with teachers from the younger generation to become key-agents for change.
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Kačić Rogošić, Višnja. "Keeping the Promise of Community: Communal Efforts on the Contemporary Zagreb Non-Institutional Scene." Theatre and Community 9, no. 2021-1 (June 30, 2021): 52–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.51937/amfiteater-2021-1/52-66.
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In their 1979 manifesto, the independent experimental theatre collective Kugla glumište (Zagreb, 1975–1985) claims: “Kugla discovers images, symbols and stories that wish to be the promise of community.” The article explores the repercussions of those neo-avant- garde community efforts on the contemporary Zagreb non-institutional scene by analysing four inclusive performances which differ in motivations, aesthetic aims, production levels and participatory modes. In The Love Case of Fahrija P (2017), the ex-members of Kugla and additional co-authors stage a polylogue with the artistic heritage of the deceased Kugla glumište member Željko Zorica Šiš (1957–2013) and the inclusive procedures they devised during the 1970s. The community project 55+ (2012) by the production platform Montažstroj gathers the participants who are over 55 in workshops, public debates, celebrations, protests and a documentary to provide visibility and voice to that neglected generation. In the trilogy On Community (2010–2011), the production platform Shadow Casters tests different mechanisms of creating temporary aesthetic communities, from learning an a cappella group song to sharing secrets, on its recipients. Finally, the atmospheric inclusion of the subtly associative performance Conversing (2019) by Fourhanded offers an almost elitist opportunity of co-existing in the intimate world of private tensions. However, what they all have in common is a physically non-invasive form, emotional and/or intellectual engagement and an emphasised personal commitment that can oblige audiences to reciprocate while they join the community of experience.
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Butko, Mykola, Valeriy Kolosha, and Oleh Rasskazov. "Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the development of territorial communities." Regional Economy, no. 3(97) (2020): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.36818/1562-0905-2020-3-2.
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The agro-industrial complex of Ukraine is one of the most relevant segments of the national economy, which provides an adequate level of food security of the regions and the state as a whole, as well as forms a significant amount of domestic expert material. However, institutional miscalculations of the state, underestimation of the peculiarities of the formation and functioning of domestic and foreign food markets, as well as ignoring the role of local governments and civil society institutions in rural development, led to agricultural enrichment, dominance of small-scale production, lack of motivation for integrated development formations, and depopulation of rural areas. The essence of modern EU agricultural policy in the third millennium and the need for our country to join it are studied. Methodological approaches to assessing the impact of agro-industrial enterprises on the integrated development of territorial communities in the context of decentralization of power are developed. The multifaceted nature of the process of functioning of agro-industrial production in the direction of ensuring the development of communities determines the influence of a significant number of factors. Generalizing scientific approaches in this area, all factors can be combined into several aggregate groups: production, consumption, social, institutional, and environmental orientation. The proposed methodological approaches to assessing such impact, in addition, provide an opportunity to develop areas for long-term mutually beneficial development of the entities in this system. The purpose of such promising parameters should be to develop mechanisms to ensure the production of high-quality food products, primarily for domestic consumption; to improve the level and quality of life of rural residents; to improve the system of management of territorial communities and formation of effective schemes of their interaction with business entities; to stimulate the activity of the population of the territories as a locomotive of these processes; to ensure the improvement of the ecological condition of settlements and environmental protection.
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Wohlfeil, Markus. "Learning from the professionals: film tourists’ “authentic” experiences on a film studio tour." Arts and the Market 8, no. 1 (May 8, 2018): 47–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-08-2017-0020.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to explore how consumers perceive, experience and engage with the art of filmmaking and the industrial film production process that the film studios present to them during their guided film studio tours. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the author’s own film tourist experiences, observations and participatory interactions with fellow visitors at a major Hollywood film studio, this paper takes an autoethnographic “I’m-the-camera”-perspective and a hermeneutic data analysis approach. Findings The findings reveal that visitors experience the “authentic” representation of the working studio’s industrial film production process as an opportunity and “invitation to join” a broader filmmaker community and to share their own amateur filmmaking experiences with fellow visitors and professionals – just to discover eventually that the perceived community is actually the real “simulacrum”. Research limitations/implications Although using an autoethnographic approach means that the breadth of collected data is limited, the gain in depth of insights allows for a deeper understanding of the actual visitor experience. Practical implications The findings encourage film studio executives, managers and talent agents to reconsider current practices and motivations in delivering film studio tours and to explore avenues for harnessing their strategic potential. Originality/value Contrary to previous studies that have conceptualised film studio tours as simulacra that deny consumers a genuine access to the backstage, the findings of this study suggest that the real simulacrum is actually the film tourists’ “experienced feeling” of having joined and being part of a filmmaker community, which raises question regarding the study of virtual communities.
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Shekhtman, E. I., I. N. Shutov, and O. V. Bykova. "Topical issues of secondary vocational education." Transport Technician: Education and Practice 3, no. 3 (September 28, 2022): 267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.46684/2687-1033.2022.3.267-273.
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The issues of development of secondary vocational education in railway transport are considered. Options for solving problem situations in the forced organization of distance learning in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic are given. Examples are shown of the distance learning of the duty officer at the railway station on the simulator in the traffic control laboratory.The relevance of the publication is associated with an active discussion of the prospects for vocational education and the successive stages of the process: from initial vocational education to the training of highly qualified personnel. The results of observations and primary examination of learning outcomes based on distance technologies in new forms of interaction with students both horizontally and vertically (flipped class, joint implementation of course projects and final qualifying works, etc.) are shown. The importance of the prospect of developing targeted training for the training of workers, taking into account the requirements of a particular transport company, is explained. Cognitive interest in the development of professional competencies is proposed to be developed through mentoring and volunteer initiatives of associations of young professionals at enterprises. The professional orientation of the educational process is traditionally enhanced by solving specific production problems, analyzing specific situations, conducting business games at the enterprise, etc. The issues of organizing championships according to WorldSkills Russia standards and conducting demonstration exams in the process of motivating professional activity in secondary vocational education.
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Archvadze, Joseph. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE FORMAT OF STUDY AND WORK IN THE CONTEXT OF THE CORONAVIRUS PANDEMIC." Economic Profile 15, no. 20 (December 25, 2020): 8–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.52244/ep.2020.20.01.
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Despite the fact that the coronavirus pandemic caused an economic crisis and a significant reduction in demand and supply, it gave a strong impetus to the development and massive use of information technology, in the beginning of a new long wave of the economic cycle. The pandemic is not a challenge only to the world community, but it also tests it - to what extent it is able to quickly and efficiently digitize the economy, transfer production to a new technological level, and ultimately, implement the fourth technological revolution. The Internet, telecommunications already have the opportunity to improve their qualifications in their own or promising specialties of interested persons through appropriate online courses. In countries with developed market economies and before the pandemic, the number of students in such courses was almost equal to the number of university students, and in the coming years, in all likelihood, it will significantly exceed it. This fully fits into the life-long learning trend caused by rapid technological changes, which nullifies the "eternal status" of the acquired profession. In less than a year since the beginning of the global coronavirus pandemic, there have been significant changes in the organization of forms of study and teaching in universities. The latter have to seriously revise their teaching methods in the "rapid chess" mode and abandon outdated forms of teaching. COVID-19 has paved the way for distance learning and work, online lessons, lectures, video conferences. However, the distance, online form of training and work has not only advantages, but also disadvantages, the ultimate level of efficiency. At the same time, at present, not all students, students and even educational institutions have the technical and material capabilities to provide online learning. Knowledge is a multifunctional tool with the help of which a person copes with certain tasks. Taking this into account, the university should equip young people with such knowledge that will have not only informational load, but also great applied value. In the context of the pandemic, universities are faced with serious challenges, most of them are like a downward spiral orbit: on the one hand, online teaching saves money on the maintenance and operation of classrooms, but on the other hand, this means reducing the costs of students (their parents, sponsors, etc. etc.), the appropriate adjustment of their mobility plans, which makes the administration and the state the need to pursue a new, changed educational and economic policy. In the context of a pandemic, the implementation of these tasks faces a serious danger: traditional forms of study and knowledge transfer are disrupted and the market requirements become not entirely clear due to its significant narrowing. The question of the need to reduce the dependence of the cost of studying at universities on the contributions of the students themselves (their parents, sponsors, etc.) is becoming increasingly acute. Such expenses in state universities should be completely borne by the state, which will practically reduce to zero the motivation of the universities to maintain undisciplined students within the walls of the university and will significantly increase the demand towards them (and, accordingly, the quality of education). Which place can online learning take in a pandemic period? In general (without taking into account the mention in the context of the pandemic), the advantage of online education is unambiguous for those specialties, the perspective of which presupposes predominantly the same format. However, it should be remembered that the online format is a specific, actually surrogate form of social relations and professional and personal self-confidence and communication skills are practically not based on it. So, instead of a tug of war between online and offline forms, it is necessary to find the optimal balance between the forms of their complementarity and not interchangeability. Online courses for stakeholders are no less mobilizing. Listening to a lecture in this format is possible at a convenient time (at home, while traveling, while waiting for a bus or waiting in line for purchases, etc.). These courses are a subjective choice of everyone and are not a forced form for gaining some number of so-called credits. Due to high motivation, the degree of development is more stable and higher. Over time, the knowledge gained through such courses will become more valuable in the selection of an employee for a vacant position. Distance learning, in spite of the fact that it has a number of advantages (convenient, economical - it saves costs on transport, time, egalitarian, etc.) is still a substitute - it only partially replaces, but does not replace fully relations between the lecturer and student (as well as between academic staff). It does not replace such aspects of full-fledged student life as the living relations of students, their joint participation in public events. In the online format, it is possible to transfer knowledge, but not the nuances of culture, behavior, creativity, national and regional sensitivity, humor, etc. Online learning and relationships is, figuratively speaking, a movie shot on a flat screen, while classroom learning is a movie in 3D. The focus on distance learning has one very significant side effect: it creates a danger to the level and frequency of mutual communication of academic staff. Because of this, departments and social and professional unions can undergo a serious deformation of their significance. Accordingly, this will increase the degree of alienation of the academic staff from the universities that provided them with jobs. The problem of socialization, from a slightly different perspective, is also faced by persons engaged exclusively in scientific work - how will scientific links, "chained" by common ideas and goals, be formed? The final effectiveness of the chosen training format (online vs. offline format) is determined by the effectiveness of the training process. The latter is largely determined by compliance with the requirements of the labor market. In turn, this compliance is largely predetermined by the systemic (instead of episodic) contact of potential employers with universities. The coronavirus pandemic is directly reflected in the scale and format of employment - it reduces the overall contingent and significantly changes the employment situation, "throws" a significant part of the employees who have retained their jobs online. Remote forms of work, which were already pioneered by higher and general education schools, will develop even more, new, more sophisticated forms of intensification of work of employees employed at remote locations will appear. Here, as in other spheres of economic and social life, the boundaries between the traditional division of working and non-working (free) time will actually be erased. However, online work has refrained level of efficiency. For example, it is very problematic to create a workplace at home - not everyone has the opportunity to organize a separate office, a desk for such work, which creates psychological and, often, physical discomfort. The fact is that online work has a concomitant negative effect. It causes the atomization of the collective, the corrosion of its unity. To the extent that representatives of higher education and the academic sphere can lead the students who have switched online, not only in their studies, but also in the development of skills and feelings of socialization and empathy in them, the future and the maturity of civil society will largely depend on this. It is necessary to find a kind of "golden mean" of relations both between students and academic staff, and with representatives of "their own cluster", in which direct live relationships may not be as intense and daily as before. The rest of the time will be completely transferred to their self-organizing and self-fulfilling "box of time". The final victory over the pandemic will eliminate or significantly alleviate most of the above problems, however, the need to adapt everyday life, study, work to the online format of relationships will remain highly relevant.
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Yusuf, Ijaz, and Tahsfeen Mehmood Azhar. "Development of a Dynamic Model of Quality Control Circles: A Case of ABC Packaging Company." Journal of Management and Research 7, no. 2 (December 31, 2020): 288–323. http://dx.doi.org/10.29145/jmr/72/0702010.
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Quality control circles are considered an effective tool in the organization to best utilize the potential of the workforce. The objective behind using quality control circles is to use employees’ brains to generate savings and create an impact on the bottom-line of the company. The framework of the quality control circles shown in Table 2 proposed the structured seven steps strategy to use the workforce's potential for continuous improvement in the organization. Companies confront multi-faceted issues and challenges in the operational processes and corporate excellence thus mainly depends upon the effective and efficient quality controls to overcome the product, process, machine, and material related issues that hamper the production efficiency, quality of the product, and overall productivity of the company. This paper attempts to develop the system dynamics model of quality control circles based on normalized data of the case company. Participation in quality control circles is voluntary in nature and passion to learn and improve is the intrinsic motivation for employees and organizations to join these circles. Employee involvement to participate and produce creative ideas in these circles is the key to the success of these quality-enhancing programs (Jerman et al. 2019) and model outcome depicts the same story. The quality control circle model indicates that a set of inter-related and interdependent skills and behaviors are a necessary condition to increase participation in the quality control circles and productivity of projects under consideration. The computer-based software STELLA is used for programming the model of quality control circles using the generic structures of the company under study. Underlying feedback structures and interactions among various variables makes the model closer to the real-life setting.
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Wei, Hui. "A Bio-Inspired Integration Method for Object Semantic Representation." Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Soft Computing Research 6, no. 3 (July 1, 2016): 137–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jaiscr-2016-0011.
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Abstract We have two motivations. Firstly, semantic gap is a tough problem puzzling almost all sub-fields of Artificial Intelligence. We think semantic gap is the conflict between the abstractness of high-level symbolic definition and the details, diversities of low-level stimulus. Secondly, in object recognition, a pre-defined prototype of object is crucial and indispensable for bi-directional perception processing. On the one hand this prototype was learned from perceptional experience, and on the other hand it should be able to guide future downward processing. Human can do this very well, so physiological mechanism is simulated here. We utilize a mechanism of classical and non-classical receptive field (nCRF) to design a hierarchical model and form a multi-layer prototype of an object. This also is a realistic definition of concept, and a representation of denoting semantic. We regard this model as the most fundamental infrastructure that can ground semantics. Here a AND-OR tree is constructed to record prototypes of a concept, in which either raw data at low-level or symbol at high-level is feasible, and explicit production rules are also available. For the sake of pixel processing, knowledge should be represented in a data form; for the sake of scene reasoning, knowledge should be represented in a symbolic form. The physiological mechanism happens to be the bridge that can join them together seamlessly. This provides a possibility for finding a solution to semantic gap problem, and prevents discontinuity in low-order structures.
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IGNATENKO, NATALIIA. "PROFESSIONAL DEVELOPMENT OF A HISTORY TEACHER IN THE CONTEXT OF IMPLEMENTATION OF THE CONCEPT OF THE NEW UKRAINIAN SCHOOL." Scientific Issues of Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University. Series: pedagogy, no. 2 (April 6, 2021): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.25128/2415-3605.20.2.6.
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Socio-political, economic and cultural changes in recent decades, multiplied by the deep social crisis that has engulfed the modern world, have affected not only production and political processes but also education. These new external and internal factors cause the need to adjust the existing conceptual foundations of training teachers to work in the New Ukrainian school, which determines the topicality of our study. The article analyzes the theoretical and methodological aspects of the professional development of a history teacher and their reflection in the semantic, operational and contextual components of the qualification component of the pedagogical skills of the New Ukrainian School teacher. The concept of “New Ukrainian School” is described as a key reform of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine and the state educational policy of Ukraine on quality assurance of education is analyzed.
It was found that according to the State Standard basic platform for the formation of the integral image of the pedagogical skills NUS teacher is formed by fourteen core competence. It creates a perfect image of the teacher. It is established that in the theory the teacher professionalism is defined as a specific psychological and personal production, characterized by professional competence and the ability to perform creatively professional tasks. The specification of cognitive-technological qualities are necessary for mastering the historical sciences is given, which in its content and form is based on the dual mechanism of mastering historical material in the direction from the knowledge of the historical fact to awareness of it as a part of one's own life. It is substantiated that the leading role in the teacher’s professional development is in his ability to innovate, components of which are a clear motivation and meaningful innovative position, the ability not only to join innovation processes but also to be the initiator. According to the results of the study, the updated functional component of the professional activity of the New Ukrainian School teacher directs his professional evolution towards the modernization of the established general education model and causes reinterpretation of its place and role in the native education environment.
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ZHYVOTOVA, Svitlana. "THE ESSENCE OF THE DUAL FORM OF EDUCATION IN MODERN CONDITIONS." Dnipro Academy of Continuing Education Herald. Series: Public Management and Administration, Vol. 1 No. 2 (2022) (August 31, 2022): 55–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54891/2786-6998-2022-1-9.
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The article focuses on the need to substantiate the essence and structure of professional training of future skilled workers according to the dual form of education. The interpretation of the main key concepts from the point of view of domestic and foreign scientific opinion is considered: «essence», «structure», «professional competence». Based on the analysis and generalization of scientific research, it was established that professional competence is considered as the formation of future qualified workers according to motivational, cognitive, activity and reflexive criteria. The system model is presented in the form of four interconnected components: value-motivational, innovativecognitive, professional-active, reflective-evaluative. The model of the dual form of education in Germany is disclosed. It was determined that interaction at the individual and institutional level is considered one of the most effective tools for building the professional education system. In our opinion, a theoretical analysis of pedagogical sources of educational and methodological, psychological, pedagogical literature and scientific works of domestic and foreign researchers, regulatory and legal documents has been carried out; modeling (synthesis), comparison, classification, systematization and generalization of theoretical and experimental data. Analysis of sources regarding the prerequisites and features of updating the content of vocational education, management issues of the vocational education system, relevant changes in the vocational training system of qualified workers, bringing the structure of vocational education into line with labor market demand and employers’ requirements. Attention is focused on the formation of professionally important qualities in future specialists, manifested in psychological, theoretical and practical preparation for professional activity. The main reasons and shortcomings of the modern system of professional training are determined, the directions of modernization of professional training of specialists in professional (vocational and technical) education institutions are substantiated. It was concluded that the introduction of elements of a dual form of education into the professional training of future skilled workers is of strategic importance for the development of our country. The use of these elements will increase the attractiveness of training skilled workers; will ensure increased mobility and competitiveness of graduates of vocational and technical education institutions on the labor market; will provide an opportunity for applicants to join the most modern production technologies; will improve the level with employers.
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Horodnichenko, Yuliia. "Ways of attracting foreign direct investment in the Ukrainian economy." University Economic Bulletin, no. 50 (August 31, 2021): 168–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.31470/2306-546x-2021-50-168-173.
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Subject of research is the directions and ways of attracting foreign direct investment in Ukraine. The purpose of the article is to study the essence and features of foreign direct investment and to study the foreign experience of ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine. Methods used in the research process: method of system-structural analysis and synthesis, method of comparative analysis, generalization, general scientific, special methods of scientific knowledge and other research methods. Study results. The importance of foreign investments in the activity and development of the state is described. The main measures that need to be implemented to attract foreign investment are identified. International investment cooperation, given the high level of its efficiency, provides the country and its businesses with a number of current and future benefits. Positive and negative factors influencing the attraction of foreign investments into the state economy are outlined. One of the most common ways to attract direct investment to Ukraine is to create joint ventures, which are manifested in the processes of cooperation, pooling of knowledge, efforts, resources and experience. Motivational levers of influence on direct investment partners are singled out. They can be divided into two large groups. In the first case, firms are mainly engaged in the sale of goods and services produced in other countries, in the second - invest in the creation of production facilities in this country in order to sell products in the local market or export it to markets in other countries. Application of results. The results of the study can be used in the activities of the Ministry of Finance of Ukraine, the Verkhovna Rada of Ukraine, the National Commission on Securities and Stock Market, as well as in higher education institutions in the teaching of economic disciplines. Conclusions. Foreign investment plays an important role in the development of the country's economy. Attracting funds from foreign investors contributes to the intensification of the investment process, the introduction of new technologies, the use of advanced foreign experience, the development of small and medium-sized businesses, the growth of investment potential of the territories.
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Müller, David. "… and justice for all – cost fairness in Volkswagen’s product family." Journal of Applied Accounting Research 18, no. 2 (May 8, 2017): 261–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaar-09-2015-0078.
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Purpose Product families offer companies economic advantages in the development and the production stage while satisfying a wide range of customer needs. This concept generates economies of scale and scope, which lead to a significant cost reduction. The realization of product families by several autonomous firms highlights the problem of fair cost sharing. Despite broad agreement on fairness as a highly desired aim, in practice there is a lack of precise terms of operationalization. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is to use a game theoretical framework to achieve fair cost sharing. It is shown that the cooperative game solution ensures fairness and therefore should be accepted by all the partners. Design/methodology/approach Therefore, this study uses a game theoretical framework to reach a fair cost sharing. All family members are modeled as players in a cost reduction game. Using a cooperative game lens allows the identification of fair cost shares. It is shown that cooperative game solution ensures fairness and therefore should be accepted by all partners. Findings It is shown that the average cost assignment method is not fair and therefore not stable. Moreover, the authors show that the game theoretical solution ensures fairness and therefore will be accepted by all partners. Research limitations/implications One main problem of the game theoretic solution concepts is the fact that the benefits of the PFD must be known for the various possible coalitions. By means of suitable forecasts, however, this can be avoided and is not a special problem of the game theoretical solution. The other two main problems are the assumption that the participating companies reach binding agreements ex ante, which are also met ex post, as well as the assumption that side payments between the participating companies are possible. Practical implications It has been demonstrated that game theoretic instruments deliver a fair solution. With the calculated shares, all firms have an incentive to join the grand coalition what ensures a positive motivation and long-term stability. Originality/value This paper’s main contribution is the analysis of a real-life product family through the lens of cooperative game theory.
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Arias, Patricia. "Migración, economía campesina y ciclo de desarrollo doméstico. Discusiones y estudios recientes / Migration, Peasant Economy and Domestic Development Cycle. Discussions and Recent Studies." Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.24201/edu.v28i1.1440.
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Con base en la revisión de algunos estudios recientes que se han llevado a cabo en diversas comunidades rurales de las nuevas regiones migratorias, en este artículo se revisan, de manera crítica, dos interpretaciones de los estudios sobre la familia rural: la economía campesina como unidad de producción-consumo y el ciclo de desarrollo de la unidad doméstica. En las condiciones actuales la migración, interna e internacional, desempeña un papel decisivo en las comunidades rurales. Muchos estudios han constatado la voluntad de las mujeres de salir de los grupos domésticos y sumarse a los flujos migratorios por motivos particulares, por situaciones y demandas específicas de ellas; su salida ha contribuido al resquebrajamiento de los sistemas tradicionales de organización y reproducción de la familia campesina.Las feministas, y más tarde los estudios con la perspectiva de género, criticaron la visión de que las familias rurales constituían unidades de producción-consumo donde las decisiones correspondían a un modelo de estrategias familiares de sobrevivencia y reproducción (Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007; Wolf, 1990). Ese modelo privilegiaba la homogeneidad, la colectividad, la solidaridad y el consenso, es decir, suponía que en los hogares no había conflictos ni tensiones a la hora de tomar decisiones que a todos comprometían (Ariza, 2007). La familia era una “unidad económica moral” que se sustentaba en los principios de “reciprocidad, consenso y altruismo” (Grasmuck y Pessar, 1991).Los estudios desde el enfoque de género señalaron que en las familias había relaciones de poder basadas en una distribución jerárquica y desigual de los derechos, recursos y autoridad que afectaban especialmente a las mujeres (Ariza, 2007; González Montes, 2002; Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007; Wolf, 1990). Las críticas alcanzaron a los estudios migratorios: la migración no era un fenómeno exclusivamente de los hombres, las migrantes no eran apéndices de la migración masculina y sus desplazamientos podían tener motivaciones particulares (Ariza, 2007; Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007). AbstractBased on a review of recent studies conducted in various rural communities in the new migration regions, this article critically reviews two interpretations of rural family studies: the peasant economy as a production-consumption unit and the household development cycle. In the current conditions, internal and international migration play a key role in rural communities. Many studies have shown the willingness of women to leave home and join migratory flows for personal reasons, or due to specific situations and demands. Their departure has contributed to the breakdown of the traditional systems of organization and reproduction of the peasant family.Feminists, and subsequently studies with a gender perspective, criticized the view that rural families were production-consumption units where decisions corresponded to a model of family strategies for survival and reproduction (Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007; Wolf , 1990). That model favored homogeneity, collectivity, solidarity and consensus, in other words, it assumed that households had no conflicts or tensions when it came to making decisions that involved everyone (Ariza, 2007). The family was a “moral economic unit” based on theprinciples of “reciprocity, consensus and altruism” (Grasmuck and Pessar, 1991).Studies from a gender perspective pointed out that there were power relations infamilies based on a hierarchical, unequal distribution of rights, resources and authority that particularly affected women (Ariza, 2007; González Montes, 2002; Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007; Wolf, 1990). This criticism reached migration studies: migration was not an exclusively male phenomenon; women migrants were not appendages of male migration and their displacement could be based on personal motivation (Ariza, 2007; Hondagneu-Sotelo, 2007).
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Новицкая, Ирина Владимировна, Зоя Владимировна Федоринова, and Виктория Владимировна Воробьева. "OCCASIONAL WORD-FORMATION TYPES OF ABSTRACT NOUNS IN OLD NORSE." Tomsk state pedagogical university bulletin, no. 4(222) (July 15, 2022): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.23951/1609-624x-2022-4-15-25.
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Введение. Область именного древнегерманского словообразования стабильно остается в фокусе исследований в последние десятилетия. Широкий спектр проблемных вопросов, разрабатываемых в научных работах, свидетельствует о важности изучения функционирования словообразовательной системы и ее компонентов в древнегерманских языках. Одним из аспектов анализа является изучение деривационного потенциала древнегерманских языков для производства абстрактных имен. Цель состоит в характеристике фрагмента поля словообразовательной категории, репрезентированного окказиональными словообразовательными типами суффиксальных абстрактных существительных, в древнескандинавском языке. Материал и методы. Материалом исследования послужили существительные с абстрактным (отвлеченным) значением, образованные при помощи словообразовательных суффиксов -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- от именных или глагольных основ. Эмпирический материал для анализа формировался с помощью приема сплошной выборки. Анализ языкового материала выполнен с применением методов научного описания и обобщения, интерпретации результатов, метода анализа словарных дефиниций, приема количественного подсчета.Результаты и обсуждение. Группа существительных с суффиксами -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- представляет словообразовательные типы из периферии словообразовательного поля абстрактных имен и в древнескандинавском языке относится к типам склонения существительных на -ōn женского рода (производные с суффиксами -osta-, -átta-, -eskja-), на -īn женского рода (производные с -andi-, -gi-), на -an мужского рода (производные с -andi-), на -ia среднего рода (производные с -erni-). Доля лексем с анализируемыми суффиксами, являющимися «визитной карточкой» древнескандинавского, составляет 2,4 % от общего количества отобранных абстрактных существительных. Указанные суффиксы по своему происхождению восходили к индоевропейским суффиксальным элементам, на уровне древнескандинавского обладали фонетической отчетливостью и обнаруживали тенденцию к присоединению к адъективным или глагольным основам для образования абстрактных существительных. Ограниченный объем древнескандинавских производных с суффиксами не позволяет выявить тематический профиль каждого из суффиксальных элементов, однако обращение к этимологии самих словообразовательных морфем позволяет вскрыть мотивационные признаки, которые могли способствовать формированию моделей производства имен существительных с данными формантами. Заключение. Анализ этимологических связей древнескандинавских суффиксальных морфем абстрактных производных позволяет предположить, что в словообразовательные типы с указанными суффиксами были включены в процесс формирования словообразовательной категории абстрактных имен и отражали результаты апробации разных моделей словопроизводства. Introduction. This article focuses on studying the functioning of the word-formation system and its components in Old Norse, one of the ancient Germanic languages, on studying the derivational potential of the Old Germanic languages for the production of abstract nouns. The purpose of the article is to describe a fragment of the field of the word-formation category, represented by occasional word-formation types of suffixed abstract nouns in Old Norse.Material and methods. The study draws on an analysis of Old Norse nouns with abstract meanings, marked by derivational suffixes -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- and derived from nominal or verbal stems. The language data resulted from continuous sampling from etymological dictionaries of Old Norse. The analysis of the linguistic material involved using the methods of scientific description, generalization, and interpretation of results, the method of analyzing dictionary definitions, and the method of quantitative calculation.Results and discussion. The group of nouns marked by the Old Norse suffixes -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- represents derivational types from the periphery of the derivational field of abstract nouns and refers to the declension types of feminine nouns in -ōn (derivatives with the suffixes -osta-, -átta-, -eskja-), of feminine nouns in -īn (derivatives with the suffixes -andi-, -gi-), of masculine nouns in -an (derivatives with the suffix -andi-), of neuter nouns in -ia (derivatives with the suffix -erni-). The proportion of lexemes with the analyzed suffixes, which are attested in Old Norse alone, is 2.4 % of the total number of abstract nouns corpus. These suffixes were formed on the basis of the Indo-European suffix morphemes, they were phonetically distinguishable in Old Norse and tended to join adjective or verbal stems to form abstract nouns.The limited number of Old Norse derivatives with these suffixes does not allow us to reveal the thematic profile of each suffix, however, the etymological links of the word-forming morphemes allow us to reveal some motivational features that might have contributed to the formation of the derivational types for the production of nouns with these formants.Conclusion. An analysis of the etymological connections of the Old Norse suffixes of abstract derivatives -átta-, -andi-, -erni-, -eskja-, -osta-, -gi- suggests that the word-formation types with them were included in the process of developing the word-formation category of abstract nouns and reflected results of their approbation.
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Mella, Piero. "In every organization, gender stereotypes reduce organizational efficiency and waste productive energy: a systems thinking perspective." Kybernetes 51, no. 13 (April 19, 2022): 156–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/k-04-2021-0283.
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PurposeStereotypes are simplified and widely shared visions held by a social group regarding a place, object, event or recognizable set of people united by certain characteristics or qualities. They are “dangerous” mental models because they are widely disseminated, devious and capable of acting even unconsciously in individuals, social groups and organizations altering the rationality of assessments and choices and producing discrimination and prejudice. Stereotypes acritically extend from a characteristic of a significant percentage of a category to the totality of individuals. The process of generalization triggered by a stereotype produces the error of discrimination and prejudice. There are numerous forms of stereotypes, but this study takes into account gender stereotypes because they act pervasively, often subtly, to reduce “productivity”. People who are aware of being discriminated perceive an unsatisfactory fulfillment of their motivations, which reduces their incentive to improve their performance. Since productivity measures the efficient use of energy from working in production processes, the author believes that wherever gender stereotypes are at play, there is a productive “waste of energy”, an inefficiency in work activity with harmful effects for organizations of all kinds, including families.Design/methodology/approachThe work aims to demonstrate that wherever gender stereotypes are at play, a “waste of energy” manifests itself in terms of productivity, representing an inefficiency in work activity with harmful effects for organizations of all kinds, including families. To describe the negative effects stereotypes produce in organizations, some models are presented based on the methods and language of systems thinking. These models, although typically qualitative, are capable of exploring the most accepted theories in the literature: tournament theory, the Pygmalion effect, the Galatea effect, self-fulfilling prophecies, the Queen bee syndrome, the role congruency theory, the glass ceiling theory (“think manager, think male” and “family responsibilities wall”). The paper follows a predominantly organizational and corporate approach, although the copious literature on stereotypes belongs largely to the area of social psychology and organization studies.FindingsThe paper does not consider the psychological origin of stereotypes but highlights their use as routines-shortcuts for evaluations and decisions demonstrating that, when adopted in social systems and within organisations, stereotypes produce different forms of discrimination: in social rights, in work, in careers and in access to levels of education and public services, reducing performance and limit potential. The paper also examines some ways gender and culture stereotypes can be opposed, presenting a change management strategy and some concrete solutions proposed by the process–structure–culture model for social change (PSC model).Research limitations/implicationsThe main limitation of the work is that it focuses on gender stereotypes, choosing not to consider the “intersection effect” of these with other stereotypes: racial stereotypes, religious stereotypes, color stereotypes, age stereotypes, sex and sexual orientation stereotypes, and many others, whose joint action can cause serious inefficiencies in organizational work.Practical implicationsAs stereotypes are a component of social culture and are handed down, by use and example, from generation to generation, the maintenance over time of stereotypes used by individuals to evaluate, judge and act can be seen as an effect of the typical action of a combinatory system of diffusion, which can operate for a long time if not effectively opposed. Il PSC model indicates the strategy for carrying out this opposition.Social implicationsWith regard to gender stereotypes, it should be emphasized that in organizations and social systems, “gender diversity” should be considered an opportunity and not as a discriminating factor and thus encouraged by avoiding harmful discrimination. In fact, this diversity, precisely because of the distinctive characteristics individuals possess regardless of gender, can benefit the organization and lead to an increase in organizational and social performance. The United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development (2020) Goal 5: Achieving gender equality and empowering all women and girls is examined in this context.Originality/valueThis study views the action of gender stereotypes as especially harmful “mental models”, highlighting the distortions they cause in the allocation of productive energy in society, groups and organizations. The paper follows a predominantly organizational and corporate approach, although the copious literature on stereotypes belongs largely to the area of social psychology. Using the “logic” and “language” of systems thinking, theories and models that describe and interpret the distorting effects of organizational choices based on stereotypes rather than rational analysis are highlighted. The action of stereotypes and their persistence over time can also be described using combinatory systems theory. With this paper, the author hopes that by acting on the three wheels of change highlighted by the PSC model, through legal provisions, control tools and actions on the culture operated by educational and social aggregative institutions, it should not be impossible to change the prevailing culture so that it becomes aware of the harmful influence of gender stereotypes and other discriminatory mental models and come to reject them. The author hopes this paper will help to understand the need to make this change.
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Groothuis, Ton. "On the Ontogeny of Display Behaviour in the Black-Headed Gull: I. the Gradual Emergence of the Adult Forms." Behaviour 109, no. 1-2 (1989): 76–123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853989x00178.
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AbstractThe central question in this paper concerns the mechanism by which displays develop their species-specific sterotyped form. To this end the ontogeny of display behaviour in the black-headed gull was studied in birds kept and raised in aviaries. First it was analyzed whether the complete adult form of the display is present early in the chick, or whether it develops gradually over a longer period. Second, to answer the question whether experience with incomplete forms of display is necessary to develop the complete form, the normal display development was manipulated. The descriptive part of the results deals with a detailed quantitative description of the form development in 3 agonistic displays: choking, oblique and forward, and with the development of the begging display. Data are presented concerning: ontogenetic changes in frequency of several form elements of postures and vocalizations, changes in their combinations, changes in duration of displays and changes in the context and sequences of displays. The development of these displays is summarized in Fig. 2. Choking develops from crouching via incomplete forms of choking. First a choking-like vocalization develops in which the notes are more and more placed in a stereotyped rhythm. This call is performed by young chicks first during crouching, but later almost exclusively during choking-like postures in which the bill points downwards. During ontogeny, these bill-down postures are increasingly performed with extended carpal joints, with a tilted body, with head movements, and while standing and not hiding, in this order. From the age of two weeks on, the young regularly extend the neck upwards while choking. These postures are increasingly performed with a particular modification of the choking-like vocalization, which gradually develops to the adult long-call, typical for the adult oblique display. Two independent sound sources in the vocal apparatus of the gull seem to be involved in the development of the long-call. Early oblique-like postures are often performed with the bill held down, as in choking. Older young perform oblique-like postures more often with bill positions typical for adults, but with the neck held vertically. Young older than 10 weeks often perform normal adult oblique postures. By this time the duration of the postures has increased considerably. The sequence of the oblique with the forward, which is typical for adults, is also regularly seen from this time onwards. Begging consists of a rapid up-and-down movement of the head; during every downward movement a specific call is uttered. In very young chicks, this display is hardly distinguishable from the alert posture. During ontogeny, the duration of the pumping bouts increases, while the form changes. This change in form is due to the fact that the incomplete form of the forward becomes integrated in the begging display, while this posture also changes in form. This integration of the alert and the incomplete form of the forward is reflected by the fact that in the begging display both the call typical for the alert posture, and the call typical for the incomplete forward posture, is given. The forward develops by a gradual lowering of the head and a more pronounced extension of the neck, while the carpal joints are increasingly raised. Adult gulls often perform the posture with an upward pointed bill and a bent in the neck. In accord with data from the literature it was found that under special conditions the young chick is capable of performing adult display. As a rule, however, before the tenth week of age, young gulls show incomplete forms of display. All species-specific adult displays, postures as well as vocalizations, develop gradually towards a more complete and pronounced form. This process takes place by addition of new form elements to already existing combinations, and by changes in the form of some elements. A display can also be built upon elements of another display. Nevertheless, the development of the form of the displays cannot be attributed to an increasing amount of coordination of the different elements; only the expression of the complete pattern increases with age. For the occurrence of one form element of an adult display in the precursor display of the chick is positively correlated with the occurrence of other such elements in that incomplete display. This already is the case early in ontogeny, before the complete form is regularly performed. The adult displays are not completely fixed in their form, and the variability in some displays of adults is of the same order as in the chick. The second part of this paper deals with an experiment in which the normal course of the development of display behaviour was manipulated. Since the displays seem to develop during social interactions with parents (the begging display) or with intruders on the territory (the agonistic displays), young birds are raised in small groups with conspecifics of the same age. Agonistic- and begging interactions in these groups are rare an the development of display behaviour, both in frequency and in form, is retarded. Based on the frequency of overt aggression and on the plumage of the birds, it is likely that in these birds also the development of agonistic behaviour and the testosterone production is retarded. At the age of 15 weeks, these birds are confronted with unknown conspecifics. Although the frequency of the displays increases during the test, the form of the postures still appears to be incomplete; the birds do not seem to be able to perform complete display postures at an age at which normally raised birds perform complete display very often. Based on the data of both the descriptive study as well as the experiment, possible mechanisms for the development of display behaviour arc discussed. The main items are: "imitation"; "matching" on the basis of feedback of the performed display via reactions of conspecifics or proprioceptive information and development of motivational factors including testosterone. This discussion lays the basis for a series of experiments which will be reported separately.
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Chang, Kuo-Hsiung. "Why joint learning is not enough: the role of motivation and opportunity for customer responsiveness in the international supply chain partnerships." International Marketing Review, August 4, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-08-2021-0250.
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PurposeDrawing on the theoretical model of ability–motivation–opportunity (AMO), the author conceptualizes joint learning as the ability, relational capital as motivation and co-production as an opportunity. The purpose of the study is to explore whether joint learning, relational capital and co-production, representing the constituents of the AMO, can enhance customer responsiveness.Design/methodology/approachThe authors explore three possible configurations of the AMO framework, the additive model (primary effect), the combination model (two-way interactions) and the multiplicative model (a three-way interaction). The model is empirically tested by collecting primary data from 149 manufacturers in the information technology industry from Taiwan. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis was performed to test hypotheses.FindingsThe findings indicate strong support for the additive model, suggesting that joint learning, relational capital and co-production can enhance customer responsiveness, respectively. Also, the results of this study show strong support for the multiplicative model, indicating that the relationship between joint learning and customer responsiveness is positively significant only when both relational capital and co-production are high.Practical implicationsSuppliers can use the findings from this study to develop their joint learning and understand how joint learning in a buyer–supplier relationship enhances customer responsiveness. Specifically, this study guides firms that seek to understand relational capital and co-production seem to support the effectiveness of joint learning.Originality/valueThis study suggests that although joint learning enhances the ability to engage in customer responsiveness, the suppliers need adequate motivation and opportunity to exploit this ability entirely.
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Melis, Alicia P., and F. Rossano. "When and how do non-human great apes communicate to support cooperation?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 377, no. 1859 (July 25, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2021.0109.
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Several scholars have long suggested that human language and remarkable communicative abilities originate from the need and motivation to cooperate and coordinate actions with others. Yet, little work has focused on when and how great apes communicate during joint action tasks, partly because of the widely held assumption that animal communication is mostly manipulative, but also because non-human great apes' default motivation seems to be competitive rather than cooperative. Here, we review experimental cooperative tasks and show how situational challenges and the degree of asymmetry in terms of knowledge relevant for the joint action task affect the likelihood of communication. We highlight how physical proximity and strength of social bond between the participants affect the occurrence and type of communication. Lastly, we highlight how, from a production point of view, communicators appear capable of calibrating their signalling and controlling their delivery, showing clear evidence of first-order intentionality. On the other hand, recipients appear to struggle in terms of making use of referential information received. We discuss different hypotheses accounting for this asymmetry and provide suggestions concerning how future work could help us unveil to what degree the need for cooperation has shaped our closest living relatives' communicative behaviour. This article is part of the theme issue ‘Revisiting the human ‘interaction engine’: comparative approaches to social action coordination’.