Journal articles on the topic 'Job stress – Australia'
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Diggens, Justine, and Therese Chesson. "Do factors of emotion-focussed patient care and communication impact job stress, satisfaction and burnout in radiation therapists?" Journal of Radiotherapy in Practice 13, no. 1 (April 22, 2013): 4–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s146039691300006x.
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AbstractObjectivesTo investigate levels and sources of job stress, job satisfaction and burnout experienced by radiation therapists (RTs) in an Australian cancer hospital, and determine the factors of emotion-focussed patient care and communication that contribute to RTs’ stress and burnout.MethodsOne hundred and thirteen RTs working in a dedicated cancer hospital in Australia completed a self-report questionnaire.ResultsTwelve percent of RTs reported job stress while 73·5% reported job satisfaction in their current work roles. Up to 19% of RTs experienced burnout as measured on the Maslach Burnout Inventory scales. Emotion-focussed care and communication with patients was found to have links with job stress and burnout, but also with job reward and satisfaction. A range of organisational, personal and support factors were associated with RTs’ experiences, including training and confidence in emotion-focussed patient communication.ConclusionEmotion-focussed care and patient communication contributes to both job stress and burnout, as well as job satisfaction. RTs’ experience of job stress, satisfaction or burnout are likely to vary according to a range of personal, demographic and organisational factors.
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Chia, A. C. L., M. G. Irwin, P. W. H. Lee, T. H. W. Lee, and S. F. Man. "Comparison of Stress in Anaesthetic Trainees between Hong Kong and Victoria, Australia." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 36, no. 6 (November 2008): 855–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0803600617.
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A postal survey was sent to anaesthetic trainees in Hong Kong and Victoria, Australia to compare work-related stress levels. Demographic data were collected. Anaesthetist-specific stressors, Maslach Burnout Inventory and Global Job Satisfaction scores were used for psychological testing. The response rates from Hong Kong and Melbourne were 64 of 133 (48.1%) and 108 of 196 (55.1%), respectively. Victorian respondents were older with greater family commitments, but more advanced in fulfilling training requirements. Hong Kong respondents, being faced with both the challenge of dual College requirements, exhibited consistently higher indices of stress (P <0.001) and less job satisfaction (P <0.001). Common occupational stressors related to dealing with critically ill patients and medicolegal concerns. Higher stress scores observed in Hong Kong trainees related to service provision and a perceived lack of resources. Despite the complex nature of stress, its antecedents and manifestations, an inverse relationship between emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction was evident in correlation analysis (P <0.001). This survey suggests that stress was present in some trainees in both areas. Hong Kong trainees may benefit from local development to address mental wellbeing as being important to fulfil this highly competitive training program.
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Keegel, Tessa, Aleck Ostry, and Anthony D. LaMontagne. "Job strain exposures vs. stress-related workers’ compensation claims in Victoria, Australia: Developing a public health response to job stress." Journal of Public Health Policy 30, no. 1 (April 2009): 17–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/jphp.2008.41.
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Allan, Cameron, Michael O'Donnell, and David Peetz. "More Tasks, Less Secure, Working Harder: Three Dimensions of Labour Utilisation." Journal of Industrial Relations 41, no. 4 (December 1999): 519–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002218569904100403.
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In many industrialised countries, there have been major changes in the pattern of labour utilisation in the 1980s and 1990s. The paper argues that in Australia labour utilisation has been changing in three key dimensions: job broadening, employ ment insecurity and work intensification. These changes are affecting both standard 'core' workers and non-standard 'peripheral' workers. Reviewing case study evidence and survey data from a federal Australian government study of workplace change, we analyse employee perceptions of these fomrs of labour utilisation. Employees are being affected by differing combinations of these changes and are experiencing higher stress levels, greater job insecurity and lower levels of satisfaction with the work/family balance.
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D'Aleo, Nina, Peter Stebbins, Roger Lowe, Danielle Lees, and David Ham. "Managing Workplace Stress: Psychosocial Hazard Risk Profiles in Public and Private Sector Australia." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 13, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 68–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/jrc.13.2.68.
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AbstractThe present research examined the perceptions of Australian employees on dimensions of workplace stress. The sample included 664 male (n= 234) and female (n= 430) workers from the public (n= 559) and private (n= 105) sectors. Participants completed the Health and Safety Executive Indicator Tool as a measure of workplace stress. Results indicated that private sector employees rated their employers as being more effective in managing workplace stress, while employees in both sectors rated their employers as less effective in managing Job Content stressors than Job Context stressors. Compared with normative benchmarks, employees overall also reported risks of stress associated with Relationships and Role. Implications of these findings and suggestions for future research were discussed.
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Mitchell, Anthony J. "Keeping the Plates Spinning: A Qualitative Study of Job Satisfaction and Occupational Stress Experienced by South Australian Rehabilitation Counsellors." Australian Journal of Rehabilitation Counselling 3, no. 2 (1997): 86–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1323892200001460.
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The rapid development of the profession of rehabilitation counselling in Australia during the past decade has been accompanied by a high level of staff turnover. This qualitative study identifies the aspects of the work of rehabilitation counsellors that contribute to job satisfaction and occupational stress. The issues identified by subjects can be categorised as aspects of the rehabilitation systems and aspects of the employing organisation. It was concluded that employers of rehabilitation counsellors should develop strategies to enhance job satisfaction and minimise occupational stress in order to reduce staff turnover.
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Hung, Jia-Yi, Ron Fisher, Rod Gapp, and Geoff Carter. "Work-related stress impacts on the commitment of urban transit drivers." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 2 (March 2012): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1833367200000961.
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AbstractThis study uses structural equation modeling to test a model hypothesizing the impacts of overload and non-participation on job strain, turnover and commitment of urban transit drivers. The study sample comprises 331 responses from transit drivers from bus companies in Australia. The results show that non-participation has a direct and negative impact on organizational commitment while role overload has a direct and positive influence on intent to leave. An unexpected finding is that while overload and non-participation have significant positive impacts on job strain, there is no significant relationship between strain and organizational commitment. The implications are that work-related stressors appear to influence the organizational commitment and intent to leave of transit drivers directly rather than indirectly through job strain. Role overload and non-participation have not often been considered in the context of the commitment and intent to leave in stressful occupations such as urban transit driving.
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Hung, Jia-Yi, Ron Fisher, Rod Gapp, and Geoff Carter. "Work-related stress impacts on the commitment of urban transit drivers." Journal of Management & Organization 18, no. 2 (March 2012): 220–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/jmo.2012.18.2.220.
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AbstractThis study uses structural equation modeling to test a model hypothesizing the impacts of overload and non-participation on job strain, turnover and commitment of urban transit drivers. The study sample comprises 331 responses from transit drivers from bus companies in Australia. The results show that non-participation has a direct and negative impact on organizational commitment while role overload has a direct and positive influence on intent to leave. An unexpected finding is that while overload and non-participation have significant positive impacts on job strain, there is no significant relationship between strain and organizational commitment. The implications are that work-related stressors appear to influence the organizational commitment and intent to leave of transit drivers directly rather than indirectly through job strain. Role overload and non-participation have not often been considered in the context of the commitment and intent to leave in stressful occupations such as urban transit driving.
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Treuren, Gerrit J. M., and Erich C. Fein. "Off-the-job embeddedness moderates work intensity on employee stress." Evidence-based HRM: a Global Forum for Empirical Scholarship 10, no. 1 (October 22, 2021): 103–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ebhrm-01-2021-0015.
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PurposeWork intensity causes employee stress. This paper demonstrates that off-the-job embeddedness (OffJE), a potential source of social support resources, buffers the negative effect of work intensity on employee stress.Design/methodology/approachGuided by conservation of resources (COR) and job embeddedness theory (JET), this paper reports on the moderated regression analysis of the survey responses of 385 adult employees from a variety of industries in Queensland, Australia, using a student-recruited sampling strategy.FindingsHigher levels of work intensity were found to be associated with higher levels of employee stress. However, this effect was weaker for employees who had higher OffJE. In this sample, work intensity has no relationship with stress for employees who report OffJE beyond the 70th percentile.Originality/valueThis paper demonstrates the positive role of outside workplace relationships embodied in OffJE on workplace employee experience, justifies employer work-life balance initiatives and community involvement, demonstrates the potential positive return for employer involvement in helping employees manage the experience of work intensity and contributes to the social support, COR and job embeddedness literature studies.
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Kamardeen, Imriyas. "Work stress related cardiovascular diseases among construction professionals." Built Environment Project and Asset Management 12, no. 2 (November 15, 2021): 223–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bepam-06-2021-0081.
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PurposeCardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for one-third of global deaths. Work stress is a major risk factor for CVDs in the workforce. Construction professionals endure excessive work stress, yet their vulnerability to CVDs remains underexplored. The study investigated the prevalence of CVDs among construction professionals and its relationships to job stressors, stress coping methods and socio-demographics.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted among construction professionals in Australia wherein data related to job stressor experiences, stress management methods adopted, and incidents of CVDs were collected. Structural path analysis was conducted to discover associations.FindingsJunior level professionals reported higher incidents of angina and heart muscle weakening than others. Statistically significant positive associations were discovered between the reported CVDs, and job stressors such as excessive workload, unpredictable work hours, lack of support, discrimination and work–life conflict and negative stress coping methods such as consuming alcohol and/or drugs, emotional eating and aggression. However, no evidence was found to support the claim that demographic factors such as age and gender were also risk factors for CVDs.Originality/valueThe workers' compensation system provides financial protection to injured employees. It extends similar protection for work-related illnesses; however, it is more difficult to prove work-related causes for illnesses. The study provides scientific evidence to support the recognition of CVDs among construction professionals as work-related diseases, mediated by work stress.
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Alashwal, A., and A. A. Moustafa. "Weather and Suicide of Construction Workers in Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 032010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/3/032010.
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Abstract The suicide rate among construction workers is high in Australia and other developed countries. Suicide has many negative consequences on the families of the deceased, the construction sector, and the economy. This literature review paper discusses several factors underlying the suicide of construction workers, including relationship problems, untreated psychiatric conditions, job stress, workplace injury, job insecurity, and substance abuse. However, seasonality or weather has not been directly investigated as one of the triggering causes of the suicide of construction workers. The purpose of this paper is to shed more light on the role of weather in increasing the suicide rate. Construction workers, especially blue-collars, work on sites under severe weather conditions. As a result, workers are often exposed to different physical and psychological issues. Research in the psychology field has established the seasonality pattern of suicide among the general population. The review suggests that there is a potential for suicide among construction workers to follow a seasonality pattern with a correlation between the suicide rate and temperature, sunshine, and humidity. This notion is yet to be confirmed using an empirical study in the future.
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Sun, C., C. K. H. Hon, N. L. Jimmieson, K. A. Way, and B. Xia. "Evaluating the need for recovery from work for site-based construction practitioners in Australia." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1101, no. 3 (November 1, 2022): 032036. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1101/3/032036.
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Abstract Site-based construction practitioners face high levels of job stress and need to recuperate from work-induced fatigue. Insufficient recovery from work will lead to work fatigue and health problems. While need for recovery (NFR) is an important concept to the wellbeing of construction practitioners, there is limited study in this area. Thus, this study aims to evaluate NFR for site-based construction practitioners in Australia and identify patterns of NFR as a function of demographics and work characteristics. A survey was conducted with site-based construction practitioners in Australia. Descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyse collected data. Results showed that the mean NFR of site-based construction practitioners in Australia was 17.96 (range = 6 – 30, 6 items). Age and work hours explained differences in NFR mean scores according to both the one-way ANOVA and correlations. NFR increased with work hours and decreased with age, with r = 0.19 and r = -0.24 respectively. The correlation analysis also indicated the negative relationship between work experience and NFR (r = -0.21). Work experience and work hours interacted to influence NFR according to the two-way ANOVA. The positive relationship between work hours (≤ 60 hours) and NFR was weaker in those with more work experience while this moderating effect of work experience did not apply to people working more than 60 hours. The significance of the study lies in providing insights to increase the work capacity of construction practitioners and help them to recover from job stress.
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Ziersch, Anna, Moira Walsh, Clemence Due, and Alex Reilly. "Temporary Refugee and Migration Visas in Australia: An Occupational Health and Safety Hazard." International Journal of Health Services 51, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 531–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731420980688.
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Employment and work-related exploitation and discrimination are important social determinants of health. However, little is known about the experiences of people on temporary visas in Australia, particularly those on refugee visas. This article reports on a study of people living on temporary visas in South Australia and their experiences of workforce exploitation and discrimination and impacts on health. Interviews were conducted with 30 people: 11 on non-refugee temporary visas and 19 on refugee temporary visas. Data was analyzed thematically. Analysis identified experiences of exploitation and discrimination in the Australian labor market that included difficulties securing work, underpayment, overwork, and hazardous workplaces. These experiences had negative health effects, particularly on mental health. None had made a formal complaint about their treatment, citing the precarity of their visas, difficulties finding an alternative job, and lack of knowledge about what to do. The impacts were especially evident for refugees who were also grappling with pre-settlement trauma and ongoing uncertainties about their future protection. Overall, these findings of discrimination and exploitation in the workplace and subsequent ill health highlight the pervasive impact of neoliberal agendas and stress the need for industrial, immigration, and welfare reform to protect workers on temporary visas.
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Tallentire, Victoria R., Samantha E. Smith, Adam D. Facey, and Laila Rotstein. "Exploring newly qualified doctors' workplace stressors: an interview study from Australia." BMJ Open 7, no. 8 (August 2017): e015890. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2017-015890.
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PurposePostgraduate year 1 (PGY1) doctors suffer from high levels of psychological distress, yet the contributory factors are poorly understood. This study used an existing model of workplace stress to explore the elements most pertinent to PGY1 doctors. In turn, the data were used to amend and refine the conceptual model to better reflect the unique experiences of PGY1 doctors.MethodFocus groups were undertaken with PGY1 doctors working at four different health services in Victoria, Australia. Transcripts were coded using Michie's model of workplace stress as the initial coding template. Remaining text was coded inductively and the supplementary codes were used to modify and amplify Michie's framework.ResultsThere were 37 participants in total. Key themes included stressors intrinsic to the job, such as work overload and long hours, as well as those related to the context of work such as lack of role clarity and relationships with colleagues. The main modification to Michie's framework was the addition of the theme of uncertainty. This concept related to most of the pre-existing themes in complex ways, culminating in an overall sense of anxiety.ConclusionsMichie's model of workplace stress can be effectively used to explore the stressors experienced by PGY1 doctors. Pervasive uncertainty may help to explain the high levels of psychological morbidity in this group. While some uncertainty will always remain, the medical education community must seek ways to improve role clarity and promote mutual respect.
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Musich, Shirley, Dan Hook, Stephanie Baaner, and Dee W. Edington. "The Association of Two Productivity Measures with Health Risks and Medical Conditions in an Australian Employee Population." American Journal of Health Promotion 20, no. 5 (May 2006): 353–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-20.5.353.
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Purpose. To investigate the impact of health on job performance using two measures of productivity loss: (1) a self-reported measure of health-related presenteeism and (2) an objective measure of absenteeism. Design. A cross-sectional survey using a Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) to evaluate self-reported presenteeism and the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Setting and Subjects. Employees (n = 224) of a private insurance provider in Australia. Measures. A Health Risk Appraisal (HRA) questionnaire was used to evaluate self-reported presenteeism on different aspects of job demands and to assess the prevalence of 12 health risks and eight medical conditions. Illness absent hours were obtained from company administrative records. Results. Increased presenteeism was significantly associated with high stress, life dissatisfaction, and back pain, while increased illness absenteeism was significantly associated with overweight, poor perception of health, and diabetes. Excess presenteeism associated with excess health risks (productivity loss among those with medium- or high-risk status compared to those with low-risk status) was independently calculated at 19.0% for presenteeism and 12.8% for illness absenteeism. Conclusions. This study demonstrates an association between health metrics and self-reported work impairment (presenteeism) and measured absenteeism. The study provides a first indication of the potential benefits of health promotion programming to Australian employees in improving health and to the corporation in minimizing health-related productivity loss.
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van Diepen, Cornelia, Andreas Fors, Inger Ekman, and Gunnel Hensing. "Association between person-centred care and healthcare providers’ job satisfaction and work-related health: a scoping review." BMJ Open 10, no. 12 (December 2020): e042658. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042658.
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ObjectiveThis scoping review aimed to explore and describe the research on associations between person-centred care (PCC) and healthcare provider outcomes, for example, job satisfaction and work-related health.DesignScoping review.Eligibility criteriaStudies were included if they were empirical studies that analysed associations between PCC measurement tools and healthcare providers outcomes.Search strategySearches in PubMed, CINAHL, Psychinfo and SCOPUS databases were conducted to identify relevant studies published between 2001 and 2019. Two authors independently screened studies for inclusion.ResultsEighteen studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Twelve studies were cross-sectional, four quasi-experimental, one longitudinal and one randomised controlled trial. The studies were carried out in Sweden, The Netherlands, the USA, Australia, Norway and Germany in residential care, nursing homes, safety net clinics, a hospital and community care. The healthcare provider outcomes consisted of job satisfaction, burnout, stress of conscience, psychosocial work environment, job strain and intent to leave. The cross-sectional studies found significant associations, whereas the longitudinal studies revealed no significant effects of PCC on healthcare provider outcomes over time.ConclusionMost studies established a positive association between PCC and healthcare provider outcomes. However, due to the methodological variation, a robust conclusion could not be generated. Further research is required to establish the viability of implementing PCC for the improvement of job satisfaction and work-related health outcomes through rigorous and consistent research.
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Louise, Gibson, and Norris Kimberley. "Psychological wellbeing and mental health outcomes in Australian Nurses and Midwives." Archives of Nursing Practice and Care 8, no. 1 (September 6, 2022): 017–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2581-4265.000061.
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Aim: To examine the intrapersonal and organizational factors that contribute to pathogenic and salutogenic psychological outcomes in Australian nurses and midwives. Design: The conceptual framework Factors associated with Salutogenic and Pathogenic Outcomes in Australian Midwives and Nurses was used as a guide for this exploratory, cross-sectional study. Method: Participants were recruited from public, private, and community settings throughout Australia. Six hundred and fifteen participants completed an online survey assessing job satisfaction, professional quality of life, ways of coping, resilience, psychological distress, and the impact of the worldwide coronavirus pandemic on psychological health and well-being. Results: Analyses showed that workplace environmental factors were strong predictors of Secondary Traumatic Stress, and Burnout. Results also showed that workplace factors and adaptive coping were predictive of the salutogenic outcomes of compassion satisfaction and resilience. Conclusion: Adopting a salutogenic approach, focused on maximizing individual and organizational contributors to psychological health and wellbeing, provides a new way for organizations to develop strategies to decrease adverse psychological outcomes, promote well-being and better equip nurses and midwives to cope with the challenges of the healthcare environment. Impact: The findings will be of interest to Chief Nurses, Midwifery Officers, healthcare organizations, and universities to target workplace, individual and interpersonal factors that promote health and wellbeing amongst nurses and midwives.
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Maru, Yiheyis T., and Jocelyn Davies. "Supporting cross-cultural brokers is essential for employment among Aboriginal people in remote Australia." Rangeland Journal 33, no. 4 (2011): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj11022.
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Employment is generally considered as essential for improving individual and social livelihoods and wellbeing in Australia. Typically, employment rates are low among Aboriginal people living in remote regions of Australia. Often this is attributed to a lack of mainstream labour markets. However, Aboriginal employment participation is low even in remote places where there are employment opportunities, creating a seemingly paradoxical situation of lots of job vacancies and lots of unemployed locals. Social networks are one of the factors that contribute to this phenomenon, and that can potentially help to address it. We applied social network and social capital theory in research in the Anmatjere region of central Australia. Our findings indicate that Aboriginal people have strong and dense bonding networks but sparse bridging and linking networks. While the existence of such ties is supported by research and observation elsewhere in remote Australia, the implications for employment have not been considered from the perspective of social network theory. Dense bonding networks reinforce, and are reinforced by, Aboriginal norms of sharing and reciprocity. These underpin the Aboriginal moral economy but can have negative influence on motivation to engage with mainstream employment opportunities that are driven by workplace and market norms. Brokers who can bridge and link Aboriginal individuals and their dense social networks to potential employers are essential for Aboriginal people to be able to obtain trusted information on jobs and have entrée to employment opportunities. Brokers also foster new norms that mediate the conflicting values and expectations held by potential Aboriginal employees and employers, who are generally not Aboriginal people. Social network theory suggests that bridging and linking provides advantage to the broker. However, stress and burnout are readily suffered by the people who broker networks with divergent values in cross-cultural settings. To improve employment outcomes and expand livelihood options for Aboriginal people in remote Australia, it is essential to recognise, support and recruit brokers.
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Marshall, Samantha, Nicola McNeil, Emma Louise Seal, and Matthew Nicholson. "Elite sport hubs during COVID-19: The job demands and resources that exist for athletes." PLOS ONE 17, no. 7 (July 5, 2022): e0269817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0269817.
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In response to the COVID-19 pandemic, elite sport leagues implemented hubs, or ‘bubbles’, which restricted athletes’ movements and social interactions in order to minimise the risk of athlete infection and allow competitions to continue. This was a new way of working and living for elite athletes and there was a dearth of literature on this topic. The main objective of the study was to investigate the impacts of the hub model on athletes over time, and what job demands and resources existed for athletes through the application of Demerouti et al. (2001) Job Demands-Resources Model. Multiple sequential semi-structured interviews were conducted with Women’s National Basketball League (WNBL) athletes during the 2020 season, which was held entirely in a hub in North Queensland, Australia. The key job demands in an elite sport hub identified were the volume of work, simultaneous overload and underload, and nature of work in the hub. The key resources that emerged include recovery services, control and player agency, and constructive social relations. Despite the presence of job resources, which work to counteract, or buffer job demands in order to reduce work stress and improve motivation, they were found to be insufficient for athletes and inequitably distributed between clubs. The intensity of the hub model also amplified demands present in all WNBL seasons. This research is therefore useful for planning of future elite sport leagues to improve the type and amount of resources available to athletes, thereby improving athlete wellbeing and performance both within and outside a hub model.
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Bryson, Hannah, Fiona Mensah, Anna Price, Lisa Gold, Shalika Bohingamu Mudiyanselage, Bridget Kenny, Penelope Dakin, et al. "Clinical, financial and social impacts of COVID-19 and their associations with mental health for mothers and children experiencing adversity in Australia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 13, 2021): e0257357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257357.
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Background Australia has maintained low rates of SARS-COV-2 (COVID-19) infection, due to geographic location and strict public health restrictions. However, the financial and social impacts of these restrictions can negatively affect parents’ and children’s mental health. In an existing cohort of mothers recruited for their experience of adversity, this study examined: 1) families’ experiences of the COVID-19 pandemic and public health restrictions in terms of clinical exposure, financial hardship family stress, and family resilience (termed ‘COVID-19 impacts’); and 2) associations between COVID-19 impacts and maternal and child mental health. Methods Participants were mothers recruited during pregnancy (2013–14) across two Australian states (Victoria and Tasmania) for the ‘right@home’ trial. A COVID-19 survey was conducted from May-December 2020, when children were 5.9–7.2 years old. Mothers reported COVID-19 impacts, their own mental health (Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scales short-form) and their child’s mental health (CoRonavIruS Health and Impact Survey subscale). Associations between COVID-19 impacts and mental health were examined using regression models controlling for pre-COVID-19 characteristics. Results 319/406 (79%) mothers completed the COVID-19 survey. Only one reported having had COVID-19. Rates of self-quarantine (20%), job or income loss (27%) and family stress (e.g., difficulty managing children’s at-home learning (40%)) were high. Many mothers also reported family resilience (e.g., family found good ways of coping (49%)). COVID-19 impacts associated with poorer mental health (standardised coefficients) included self-quarantine (mother: β = 0.46, child: β = 0.46), financial hardship (mother: β = 0.27, child: β = 0.37) and family stress (mother: β = 0.49, child: β = 0.74). Family resilience was associated with better mental health (mother: β = -0.40, child: β = -0.46). Conclusions The financial and social impacts of Australia’s public health restrictions have substantially affected families experiencing adversity, and their mental health. These impacts are likely to exacerbate inequities arising from adversity. To recover from COVID-19, policy investment should include income support and universal access to family health services.
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Edwards, Lauren E., and Paul H. Hemsworth. "The impact of management, husbandry and stockperson decisions on the welfare of laying hens in Australia." Animal Production Science 61, no. 10 (2021): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an19664.
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The present review examines the impact of management and husbandry decisions on the welfare of laying hens in Australia. The literature on many of these aspects is lacking for the Australian egg industry, and, indeed, for the egg industry in general. Management decisions that can affect hen welfare relate to the initial farm design, husbandry routines, and staff selection and training. As modern laying houses represent a considerable financial investment, the decisions made during the design phase are likely to affect both the hens and stockpeople for substantial periods. Hens in cage systems may benefit from fewer tiers and greater space allowances. In non-cage systems, the brown genotypes used in the Australian egg industry may benefit from lower structures that accommodate their heavier and less agile bodies. Keel fractures can be reduced by improving the skeletal health and spatial cognition of laying hens during the rearing period, in addition to minimising the distances they need to jump when navigating aviary structures. The addition of a wintergarden to fixed free-range systems appears to be beneficial. Housing hens in mobile units on free-range farms may challenge their welfare, particularly in relation to heat stress. There is also room for improvement in biosecurity practices and health monitoring of hens, as these appear to be lacking at some farms. The current strains of hen used in free-range systems may not be best suited to these conditions, on the basis of their body condition and flock uniformity. Feed quality may also need to be monitored for quality assurance and optimal hen nutrition. Hen welfare during depopulation can be improved through staff training and by reducing staff fatigue. Euthanising spent hens on farm offers welfare benefits over transporting spent hens to an abattoir. Both hen welfare and working conditions for stock people should be considered when designing laying houses to provide suitable conditions for both hens and stockpeople. This will help improve the job satisfaction of stockpeople, which may translate into better care for the hens and may aid in retaining quality staff. Stockpeople must be recognised as vital contributors to hen welfare in the egg industry, and it is important for the egg industry to continue to attract, train and retain skilled stockpeople to ensure that they enjoy their job and are motivated to apply best-practice care for their flocks. Promoting the animal-care aspect of stockmanship in combination with a supportive managerial environment with optimal working conditions may increase the attractiveness of the egg industry as a place to work.
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Hussain, Rafat, Stuart Wark, and Peta Ryan. "Caregiving, Employment and Social Isolation: Challenges for Rural Carers in Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 10 (October 16, 2018): 2267. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15102267.
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Australia has one of the world’s highest life expectancy rates, and there is a rapidly growing need for informal caregivers to support individuals who are ageing, have chronic illness or a lifelong disability. These informal carers themselves face numerous physical and psychological stressors in attempting to balance the provision of care with their personal life, their work commitments and family responsibilities. However, little is known about the specific challenges facing rural carers and the barriers that limit their capacity to provide ongoing support. A cross-sectional survey composed of open-ended responses and demographic/socioeconomic measures used routinely by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS) and the Australian Institute of Health & Welfare (AIHW) was used with a cohort of 225 rurally-based carers within New South Wales, Australia. Demographic questions specified the respondents’ age, gender, employment, caregiving status, condition of and relationship to the care recipient, postcode, residency status, and distance and frequency travelled to provide care. Open-ended comments sections were provided to allow participants to describe any issues and problems associated with caregiving including employment, travel, residency, carer support groups and any other general information. The results show that most rural carers were middle-aged women supporting a spouse or a child. Unpredictability associated with providing care exacerbated demands on carers’ time, with many reporting significant employment consequences associated with inflexibility and limited job options in rural locations. Specific issues associated with travel requirements to assist with care were reported, as were the impacts of care provision on the respondents’ own personal health. The majority of carers were aware of the social supports available in their local rural community, but did not access them, leaving the carers vulnerable to marginalisation. Problems associated with employment were noted as resulting in financial pressures and associated personal stress and anxiety for the caregivers. While this issue is not necessarily limited to rural areas, it would appear that the lack of opportunity and flexibility evident in rural areas would exacerbate this problem for non-metropolitan residents. The participants also identified specific barriers to the provision of care in rural areas, including the significant impact of travel. Access to support services, such as carer groups, were rarely accessed due to a mix of factors including inaccessibility, poor timing and a lack of anonymity. Financially, there was considerable evidence of hardship, and there is an urgent need for a comprehensive review of government and community-based support to better meet the needs of rural carers.
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Oakman, Jodi, Natasha Kinsman, Katrina Lambert, Rwth Stuckey, Melissa Graham, and Victoria Weale. "Working from home in Australia during the COVID-19 pandemic: cross-sectional results from the Employees Working From Home (EWFH) study." BMJ Open 12, no. 4 (April 2022): e052733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-052733.
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ObjectivesTo investigate the impacts, on mental and physical health, of a mandatory shift to working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic.DesignCross sectional, online survey.SettingOnline survey was conducted from September 2020 to November 2020 in the general population.ParticipantsAustralian residents working from home for at least 2 days a week at some time in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic.Main outcome measuresDemographics, caring responsibilities, working from home arrangements, work-related technology, work–family interface, psychosocial and physical working conditions, and reported stress and musculoskeletal pain.Results924 Australians responded to the online questionnaire. Respondents were mostly women (75.5%) based in Victoria (83.7%) and employed in the education and training and healthcare sectors. Approximately 70% of respondents worked five or more days from home, with only 60% having a dedicated workstation in an uninterrupted space. Over 70% of all respondents reported experiencing musculoskeletal pain or discomfort. Gendered differences were observed; men reported higher levels of family to work conflict (3.16±1.52 to 2.94±1.59, p=0.031), and lower levels of recognition for their work (3.75±1.03 to 3.96±1.06, p=0.004), compared with women. For women, stress (2.94±0.92 to 2.66±0.88, p<0.001) and neck/shoulder pain (4.50±2.90 to 3.51±2.84, p<0.001) were higher than men and they also reported more concerns about their job security than men (3.01±1.33 to 2.78±1.40, p=0.043).ConclusionsPreliminary evidence from the current study suggests that working from home may impact employees’ physical and mental health, and that this impact is likely to be gendered. Although further analysis is required, these data provide insights into further research opportunities needed to assist employers in optimising working from home conditions and reduce the potential negative physical and mental health impacts on their employees.
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Walker, M. J. "ADVANCES IN WIRELINE DATA ACQUISITION IN SYNTHETIC-BASED MUD SYSTEMS AND STRATEGIES FOR IMPROVED FORMATION EVALUATION." APPEA Journal 39, no. 1 (1999): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj98028.
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With the growth in popularity of synthetic-based mud (SBM) systems in Australia, and the emergence of more advanced wireline logging tools, there is an expectation that better hole conditions will give rise to better value- for-money evaluation programs. This is certainly true from the drilling cost perspective, where a logging job can be completed without need for 'wiper' trips to recondition the hole. However, in order to extract maximum value from the latest generation of logging tools, careful attention needs to be applied to the formation evaluation program.There have been some unexpected results from the wireline data quality viewpoint, with some positive results mixed with outcomes that fell below expectation, both linked to the complex nature of the synthetic-based mud recipes. Contrary to intuition, good quality electrical images may be obtained in synthetic-based muds, and some mud additives used to stop filtrate loss can seriously degrade the quality of acoustic images that are traditionally run in SBMs. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance works well in SBMs, especially where invasion is kept to a minimum. Holes drilled with SBMs do not normally display borehole ellipticity, which may be used to infer tectonic stress directions. However, oriented cross dipole shear-weave logging is able to detect azimuthal anisotropy, which may be related to tectonic stress, in holes with a circular profile.There are trade-offs using different SBM recipes, which will impact on formation evaluation programs. Close consultation with the logging contractor and mud company, as far ahead of the drilling of the well as possible is recommended to ensure a satisfactory outcome.
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King, Catherine, Mirjana Subotic-Kerry, and Bridianne O'Dea. "An Exploration of the Factors Associated with Burnout Among NSW Secondary School Counsellors." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 28, no. 2 (April 3, 2018): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jgc.2018.5.
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School counsellors play an important role in supporting student mental health but face several challenges that may increase their vulnerability to burnout. This study aimed to explore the factors associated with burnout among school counsellors in secondary schools in New South Wales (NSW), Australia. A cross-sectional, online survey was conducted to measure demographics, school counsellor background, school context, school counselling practice, openness towards evidence-based practices, and use of online resources. The final sample consisted of the 125 participants who responded they had (n= 65) or had not (n= 60) experienced burnout. Most participants were female (86%), with an average of 9 years’ experience (SD= 7.0). Burnout was associated with lower workload manageability, lower satisfaction with school mental healthcare, greater impact of work stress upon wellbeing, and greater frequency of providing care outside of school hours. No other significant associations were found. This study reinforces that school counsellors are vulnerable to burnout and that measuring job overload may help to identify those at increased risk. School counsellors may also benefit from additional support for students who require care beyond school hours. Greater awareness about the risks of burnout, coupled with efforts to improve resource allocation within the school setting, may improve school counsellors’ sustainability and optimise the mental healthcare available to students.
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Harrison, Juliet. "Organisational factors: impacting on health for ambulance personnel." International Journal of Emergency Services 8, no. 2 (August 5, 2019): 134–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijes-02-2018-0013.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish if organisational factors are leading to a negative effect on ambulance personnel’s health. In recent years, frontline ambulance personnel have displayed a consistent high rate of sickness amongst healthcare workers within the National Health Service in the UK. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) has previously been cited, but organisational factors may be stressors to health. Design/methodology/approach A search of electronic databases MEDLINE EBSCO, MEDLINE OVID, MEDLINE PUBMED, AMED, CINAHL, Web of Science, Zetoc within the time period of 2000–2017 resulted in six mixed methods studies. Hand searching elicited one further study. The literature provided data on organisational and occupational stressors (excluding PTSD) relating to the health of 2,840 frontline ambulance workers in the UK, Australia, Norway, the Netherlands and Canada. The robust quantitative data were obtained from validated questionnaires using statistical analysis, whilst the mixed quality qualitative data elicited similar themes. Narrative synthesis was used to draw theories from the data. Findings Organisational factors such as low job autonomy, a lack of supervisor support and poor leadership are impacting on the health and well-being of frontline ambulance workers. This is intertwined with the occupational factors of daily operational demands, fatigue and enforced overtime, so organisational changes may have a wider impact on daily occupational issues. Originality/value The findings have possible implications for re-structuring organisational policies within the ambulance service to reduce staff sickness.
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Kluger, M. T., K. Townend, and T. Laidlaw. "Job satisfaction, stress and burnout in Australian specialist anaesthetists." Anaesthesia 58, no. 4 (March 18, 2003): 339–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2044.2003.03085.x.
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Patton, Wendy, and Richard Goddard. "Coping with stress in the australian job network: Gender differences." Journal of Employment Counseling 43, no. 3 (September 2006): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2161-1920.2006.tb00013.x.
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Milton, Alyssa Clare, Tracey A. Davenport, Frank Iorfino, Anna Flego, Jane M. Burns, and Ian B. Hickie. "Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Their Associations With Transitional Life Events in Men and Women: Findings From an International Web-Based Sample." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 9 (September 11, 2020): e18383. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/18383.
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Background Although numerous studies have demonstrated sex differences in the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STB), there is a clear lack of research examining the similarities and differences between men and women in terms of the relationship between STB, transitional life events, and the coping strategies employed after experiencing such events when they are perceived as stressful. Objective This study aims to examine the differences between men’s and women’s experiences of STB, sociodemographic predictors of STB, and how coping responses after experiencing a stressful transitional life event predict STB. Methods A web-based self-report survey was used to assess the health and well-being of a voluntary community-based sample of men and women aged 16 years and older, living in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the United Kingdom, and the United States, who were recruited using web-based social media promotion and snowballing. Results In total, 10,765 eligible web-based respondents participated. Compared with men, a significantly greater proportion of women reported STB (P<.001) and endorsed experiencing a transitional life event as stressful (P<.001). However, there were no gender differences in reporting that the transitional life event or events was stressful for those who also reported STB. Significant sociodemographic adjusted risk factors of STB included younger age; identifying as a sexual minority; lower subjective social connectedness; lower subjective intimate bonds; experiencing a stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months; living alone (women only); not being in employment, education, or training (women only); suddenly or unexpectedly losing a job (men only); and experiencing a relationship breakdown (men only). Protective factors included starting a new job, retiring, having a language background other than English, and becoming a parent for the first time (men only). The results relating to coping after experiencing a self-reported stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months found that regardless of sex, respondents who reported STB compared with those who did not were less likely to engage in activities that promote social connections, such as talking about their feelings (P<.001). Coping strategies significantly explained 19.0% of the STB variance for men (F16,1027=14.64; P<.001) and 22.0% for women (F16,1977=36.45; P<.001). Conclusions This research highlights multiple risk factors for STB, one of which includes experiencing at least one stressful transitional life event in the past 12 months. When individuals are experiencing such events, support from services and the community alike should consider using sex-specific or targeted strategies, as this research indicates that compared with women, more men do nothing when experiencing stress after a transitional life event and may be waiting until they experience STB to engage with their social networks for support.
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Loh, Jennifer, and Robyn Snyman. "The tangled web: consequences of workplace cyberbullying in adult male and female employees." Gender in Management: An International Journal 35, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 567–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/gm-12-2019-0242.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test a moderated mediation model that links the experience of cyberbullying, perceived stress and job satisfaction among Australian employees. Design/methodology/approach A survey of 254 white collar Australian employees was conducted from a wide variety of business corporations to investigate the role of workplace cyberbullying and job outcomes. A moderated mediation analysis was conducted. Findings Results indicated that workplace cyberbullying resulted in perceived stress, which in turn predicted employee’s job dissatisfaction. The results further revealed that cyberbullied female employees as opposed to male employees were more likely to report greater perceived stress and to be dissatisfied in their job. Research limitations/implications Overall, the results suggest that cyberbullying is a potential resource drain for employees and has detrimental implications in their organisational life. Importantly, male and female employees reacted to workplace cyberbullying differently suggesting the need to address the issue of workplace cyberbullying more gender sensitively. Originality/value This study provides empirical evidence that workplace cyberbullying can be a gendered phenomenon. Furthermore, COR theory and gender role theory is combined to reveal the differences between men and women in terms of their vulnerability towards different stressors.
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Keramat, Syed Afroz, Khorshed Alam, Jeff Gow, and Stuart J. H. Biddle. "Job-Related Characteristics and Obesity in Australian Employees: Evidence From a Longitudinal Nationally Representative Sample." American Journal of Health Promotion 34, no. 7 (January 27, 2020): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0890117119901093.
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Objective: This study aimed to examine the longitudinal association between 9 job-related characteristics and obesity among Australian employees using a nationally representative sample. Design: Longitudinal research design. Setting: Workplace. Participants: This study was conducted by pooling 2 cross-sectional surveys of nationally representative longitudinal data collected across 2-time points in 2013 and 2017. This study limited the sample to current employees aged 15 to 64 years. The total number of observation included in the analysis is 16 980 of 11 521 employees. Measures: The outcome variable is weight status and the main exposure variables are 9 job-related characteristics (work hours per week, work schedule, job type, employment contract type, firm size, supervisory responsibility, paid sick leave, self-perceived job stress, and self-perceived job insecurity). Generalized estimating equation logistic regression was employed to explore the association between job-related characteristics and obesity. Results: This study found that 59% of Australian employees were either overweight or obese. Employees working more than 40 hours per week were 1.11 times (odds ratio [OR]: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.03-1.21) and 1.07 times (OR: 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01-1.13) more prone to become overweight and obese, respectively, compared to their counterparts who work 31 to 40 hours per week. The study also revealed that self-perceived job insecurity was positively associated with obesity (OR: 1.03, 95% CI: 1.02-1.04). However, this study did not find evidence that work schedule, job type, employment contract, firm size, supervisory role, paid sick leave, and self-perceived job stress were associated with obesity. Conclusions: Working more than 40 hours per week and self-perceived job insecurity were significantly associated with obesity among Australian employees. A better understanding of why prolonged work hours and self-perceived job insecurity are associated with obesity may help policy makers to implement workplace wellness policies and for employers to take measures to tackle the obesity problem of their employees.
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Bartram, Timothy, Therese A. Joiner, and Pauline Stanton. "Factors affecting the job stress and job satisfaction of Australian nurses: Implications for recruitment and retention." Contemporary Nurse 17, no. 3 (October 2004): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.5172/conu.17.3.293.
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Dorrian, Jillian, Jessica Paterson, Drew Dawson, Jan Pincombe, Carol Grech, and Ann E. Rogers. "Sleep, stress and compensatory behaviors in Australian nurses and midwives." Revista de Saúde Pública 45, no. 5 (October 2011): 922–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0034-89102011005000059.
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OBJECTIVE: To describe sleep, stress and compensatory behaviors in nurses and midwives. METHODS: The study included 41 midwives and 21 nurses working in Australian hospitals between 2005 and 2009. Participation was voluntary. All participants recorded on a daily basis their work and sleep hours, levels of stress and exhaustion, caffeine intake and use of sleep aids for a month (1,736 days, 1,002 work shifts). RESULTS: Participants reported moderate to high levels of stress and exhaustion on 20-40% of work days; experienced sleep disruption on more than 50% of work days; struggled to remain awake on 27% of work days; and suffered extreme drowsiness or experienced a near accident while travelling home on 9% of workdays. Age, perceived sleep duration and work hours were significant predictors of caffeine intake. About 60% of participants reported using sleep aids (about 20% reported taking prescription medications and 44% of nurses and 9% of midwives reported alcohol use as a sleep aid at least once during the study). Stress and workdays were significant predictors of sedative use. Overall, 22% reported being indifferent or mildly dissatisfied with their job. CONCLUSIONS: Sleep problems, high levels of stress and exhaustion and low job satisfaction are prevalent among nurses and midwives. The use of alcohol and sleeping pills as sleep aids, and the use of caffeine to help maintain alertness is also common. Nurses and midwives may use caffeine to compensate for reduced sleep, especially on workdays, and sleeping pills to cope with their daily work-related stress.
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Karimi, Leila, Sandra G. Leggat, Cindy Cheng, Lisa Donohue, Timothy Bartram, and Jodi Oakman. "Are organisational factors affecting the emotional withdrawal of community nurses?" Australian Health Review 41, no. 4 (2017): 359. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ah16027.
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Objective The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of work organisation on the emotional labour withdrawal behaviour of Australian community nurses. Methods Using a paper-based survey, a sample of 312 Australian community nurses reported on their emotional dissonance, withdrawal behaviours (i.e. job neglect, job dissatisfaction, stress-related presenteeism) and work organisation. A model to determine the partial mediation effect of work organisation was developed based on a literature review. The fit of the proposed model was assessed via structural equation modelling using Analysis of Moment Structures (AMOS; IMB). Results Community nurses with higher levels of emotional dissonance were less likely to be satisfied with their job and work organisation and had a higher tendency to exhibit withdrawal behaviours. Work organisational factors mediated this relationship. Conclusion Emotional dissonance can be a potential stressor for community nurses that can trigger withdrawal behaviours. Improving work organisational factors may help reduce emotional conflict and its effect on withdrawal behaviours. What is known about the topic? Although emotional labour has been broadly investigated in the literature, very few studies have addressed the effect of the quality of work organisation on nurses’ withdrawal behaviours in a nursing setting. What does this paper add? This paper provides evidence that work organisation affects levels of emotional dissonance and has an effect on job neglect through stress-related presenteeism. What are the implications for practitioners? In order to minimise stress-related presenteeism and job neglect, healthcare organisations need to establish a positive working environment, designed to improve the quality of relationships with management, provide appropriate rewards, recognition and effective workload management and support high-quality relationships with colleagues.
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Savery, Lawson K., and J. Alan Luks. "The relationship between empowerment, job satisfaction and reported stress levels: some Australian evidence." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 22, no. 3 (May 2001): 97–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01437730110389247.
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R. Winefield, Helen, and Bronwyn M. Veale. "Work Stress and Quality of Work Performance in Australian General Practitioners." Australian Journal of Primary Health 8, no. 2 (2002): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py02028.
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The relationship between work stress and work performance has received little empirical attention in professional areas such as health care where measurement of work quality is difficult. In health sciences there is growing concern about work errors, although little is known about the determinants and prevention of these in primary care. This study aimed to explore connections between workload, work stress in terms of burnout, job satisfaction and retirement age intentions, and reported mistakes at work, in general practice. A randomly-selected sample of mid-career General Practitioners (aged 35-45 years) was approached and 86% agreed to participate (N = 30). Satisfaction with work supports was a better predictor of work stress indicators than was workload. There was no evidence of the hypothesised association between work stress and severity of mistakes. Although response biases are a likely threat to the validity of mistakes as a quality indicator, results can be seen as supporting the need for a systems-level analysis of primary care work performance.
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Noblet, Andrew, Cary Cooper, John McWilliams, and Annette Rudd. "Wellbeing, Job Satisfaction and Commitment among Australian Community Health Workers: The Relationship with Working Conditions." Australian Journal of Primary Health 13, no. 3 (2007): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/py07037.
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The Australian community health sector has undergone extensive organisational reform in recent times, and, in the push to enhance efficiencies and contain costs, there are indications that these changes may have undermined the wellbeing of community health personnel and their ability to provide high quality illness-prevention services. The aim of this study was to examine the working environments experienced by community health service employees and identify conditions that are predictive of employee stress. The study was guided by a tailored version of the demand-control-support model, whereby the generic components of the model had been augmented by more situation-specific stressors. The results of multiple regression analyses indicated that job control, and, to a lesser extent, social support, were closely associated with the outcome variables (psychological health, job satisfaction and organisational commitment). The more situation-specific stressors also accounted for significant proportions of explained variance. Overall, the results suggest that working conditions, particularly job control, social support and specific job stressors, offer valuable opportunities for protecting and enhancing the wellbeing of community health service personnel.
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Pignata, Silvia, Carolyn M. Boyd, Anthony H. Winefield, and Chris Provis. "Interventions: Employees’ Perceptions of What Reduces Stress." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3919080.
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Objective. To build upon research evaluating stress interventions, this qualitative study tests the framework of the extended Job Demands-Resources model to investigate employees’ perceptions of the stress-reduction measures implemented at 13 Australian universities. Methods. In a cross-sectional survey design, tenured and contract staff indicated whether their overall level of stress had changed during the previous three-four years, and, if so, they described the major causes. A total of 462 staff reported that their level of stress had decreased; the study examines commentary from 115 academic and 304 nonacademic staff who provided details of what they perceived to be effective in reducing stress. Results. Thematic analyses show that the key perceived causes were changes in job or work role, new heads of departments or supervisors, and the use of organizational strategies to reduce or manage stress. A higher percentage of academic staff reported reduced stress due to using protective coping strategies or their increased recognition and/or success, whereas a higher percentage of nonacademic staff reported reduced stress due to increases in staffing resources and/or systems. Conclusion. These results identify the importance of implementing multilevel strategies to enhance employees’ well-being. Nonacademic staff, in particular, specified a variety of organizational stress-reduction interventions.
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Smith, Derek R. "Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption among Australian Police Officers: 1989 to 2005." International Journal of Police Science & Management 9, no. 3 (September 2007): 274–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1350/ijps.2007.9.3.274.
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Lifestyle factors represent a significant occupational health issue for law enforcement personnel around the world. Despite this fact, longitudinal investigations of alcohol and tobacco consumption trends among them are rarely undertaken, particularly on a national basis. The aim of the current study therefore, was to examine the changing nature of high-risk alcohol consumption and tobacco smoking habits among a nationally representative sample of Australian police officers, for what appears to be the first time. Data pertaining to law enforcement personnel were extracted from four National Health Surveys conducted in Australia between 1989 and 2005. A referent group was also formulated for the same time periods. Results from this investigation suggest that the proportion of Australian police who consume alcohol at high rates is slowly declining in recent years. On the other hand, tobacco consumption among them has remained relatively stable, with around one-fifth of Australian police still smoking in 2004–05. Law enforcement is clearly a high-stress occupation when compared with other jobs, and the impact of workplace issues continues to influence lifestyle factors beyond the work environment. This unique facet ensures that alcohol and tobacco consumption will remain an important occupational health issue for police management in future years. As the retention of healthy, experienced law enforcement personnel is essential for the smooth functioning of any police force, additional research and management efforts should focus on the continued reduction of these detrimental lifestyle factors.
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Bramston, Paul, and Meroë Robertson. "Stress, Burnout and Self-Efficacy in Guidance Officers." Journal of Psychologists and Counsellors in Schools 11 (November 2001): 141–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1037291100004398.
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Over the last decade, Australian Guidance Officers have been facing well documented challenges to their roles, training and their profession. This study surveyed 146 Guidance Officers and found them to report abnormally high stress levels but average burnout and self-efficacy scores. Previous research suggests that the most difficult aspect of the Guidance Officer's role, and the job for which they often feel least prepared, is dealing with the support needs of students with mental illness, emotional disturbance, behavioural and learning difficulties. Responses from Guidance Officers who deal with these students relatively often revealed significantly higher self-efficacy scores than the remainder of the group, higher emotional exhaustion (as anticipated) and reassuringly low depersonalisation scores. The good and bad news in these results are discussed and implications drawn for the profession.
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Pidd, Ken, Vinita Duraisingam, Ann Roche, and Allan Trifonoff. "Young construction workers: substance use, mental health, and workplace psychosocial factors." Advances in Dual Diagnosis 10, no. 4 (November 20, 2017): 155–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/add-08-2017-0013.
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Purpose Young Australian workers are at elevated risk of mental health and alcohol and other drug related problems. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between alcohol and drug (AOD) use, psychological wellbeing, and the workplace psychosocial environment among young apprentices in the construction industry. Design/methodology/approach A cross-sectional survey of a cohort of 169 construction industry apprentices in their first year of training was undertaken. The survey included measures of psychological distress (K10), quantity/frequency measures of alcohol and illicit drug use, and workplace psychosocial factors. Findings Construction industry apprentices are at elevated risk of AOD related harm and poor mental health. Levels of psychological distress and substance use were substantially higher than age/gender equivalent Australian population norms. Job stress, workplace bullying, and general social support accounted for 38.2 per cent of the variance in psychological distress. General social support moderated the effects of job stress and bullying on psychological distress. Substance use was not associated with psychological distress. However, workplace social support accounted for 2.1 per cent of the variance in AUDIT-C scores, and 2.0 per cent of the variance in cannabis use. Workplace bullying explained 2.4 per cent of the variance in meth/amphetamine use. Practical implications Construction trades apprentices are a high-risk group for harmful substance use and poor mental health. Study results indicate that psychosocial wellbeing interventions are warranted as a harm reduction strategy. Originality/value This is the first study of its kind to describe a cohort of Australian construction trade apprentices in terms of their substance use and psychological wellbeing. The study shows workplace psychosocial factors may predict young workers psychological wellbeing.
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Rodwell, John, and Angela Martin. "The importance of the supervisor for the mental health and work attitudes of Australian aged care nurses." International Psychogeriatrics 25, no. 3 (November 19, 2012): 382–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610212001883.
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ABSTRACTBackground: The work attitudes and psychological well-being of aged care nurses are important factors impacting on the current and future capacity of the aged care workforce. Expanding our understanding of the ways in which the psychosocial work environment influences these outcomes is important in order to enable organizations to improve the management of human resources in this sector.Methods: Using survey data from a sample of 222 Australian aged care nurses, regression analyses were employed to test the relative impact of a range of psychosocial work environment variables derived from the demand-control-support (DCS) model and organizational justice variables on satisfaction, commitment, well-being, and depression.Results: The expanded model predicted the work attitudes and well-being of aged care nurses, particularly the DCS components. Specifically, demand was related to depression, well-being, and job satisfaction, job control was related to depression, commitment, and job satisfaction, and supervisor support and interpersonal fairness were related to well-being. The contributions of informational and interpersonal justice, along with the main and interaction effects of supervisor support, highlight the centrality of the supervisor in addressing the impact of job demands on aged care nurses.Conclusion: Psychosocial variables have utility beyond predicting stress outcomes to the work attitudes of nurses in an aged care setting and thus present further avenues of research for the retention of nurses and improved patient care.
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Maharaj, Shamona, Ty Lees, and Sara Lal. "Prevalence and Risk Factors of Depression, Anxiety, and Stress in a Cohort of Australian Nurses." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 1 (December 27, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010061.
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Nurses remain at the forefront of patient care. However, their heavy workload as a career can leave them overworked and stressed. The demanding nature of the occupation exposes nurses to a higher risk of developing negative mental states such as depression, anxiety, and stress. Hence, the current study aimed to assess the prevalence and risk factors of these mental states in a representative sample of Australian nurses. The Depression Anxiety Stress Scale was administered to 102 nurses. Information about demographic and work characteristics were obtained using lifestyle and in-house designed questionnaires. Prevalence rates of depression, anxiety, and stress were found to be 32.4%, 41.2%, and 41.2% respectively. Binominal logistic regressions for depression and stress were significant (p = 0.007, p = 0.009). Job dissatisfaction significantly predicted a higher risk of nurses developing symptoms of depression and stress respectively (p = 0.009, p = 0.011). Poor mental health among nurses may not only be detrimental to the individual but may also hinder professional performance and in turn, the quality of patient care provided. Further research in the area is required to identify support strategies and interventions that may improve the health and wellbeing of nursing professionals and hence the quality of care delivered.
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Healy, Christine M., and Michael F. McKay. "Nursing stress: the effects of coping strategies and job satisfaction in a sample of Australian nurses." Journal of Advanced Nursing 31, no. 3 (March 2000): 681–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2648.2000.01323.x.
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Karimi, Leila, Stephen P. Kent, Sandra G. Leggat, Jiri Rada, and Alison Angleton. "Positive Effects of Workplace Meditation Training and Practice." International Journal of Psychological Studies 11, no. 1 (January 8, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijps.v11n1p15.
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There is evidence that meditation is a powerful organisational tool for enhancing employee effectiveness, wellbeing, and job satisfaction; however, experimental studies on the effects of meditation on other organisational factors such as presenteeism and emotional intelligence are limited. This study investigated the impact of meditation on mindfulness, emotional intelligence, job satisfaction, and job stress-related presenteeism in an Australian workplace. Participants learned and practised an 'Auto Transcending Meditation Technique’ (ATMT) at their workplace. The study used the switching replications experimental design, comparing an intervention group with a control group. Quantitative data analysis used descriptive statistics and repeated measures to compare the mean pre-post intervention differences. Thematic analysis was completed on qualitative data gathered in focus groups and from the training evaluation. As a consequence of ATMT, participants showed significant improvements in their levels of mindfulness and emotional intelligence. Thematic analysis indicated that participants felt the meditation training and practice led to positive personal changes. In addition, the results showed that higher mindfulness buffers the effect of stress-related presenteeism on participants’ mental and physical health. Our results demonstrate that meditation training and practice enhances mindfulness and emotional intelligence, with benefits for employees’ physical and mental health. Workplace meditation should be considered in health promoting work settings.
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Leach, Liana S., Lay San Too, Philip J. Batterham, Kim M. Kiely, Helen Christensen, and Peter Butterworth. "Workplace Bullying and Suicidal Ideation: Findings from an Australian Longitudinal Cohort Study of Mid-Aged Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 4 (February 24, 2020): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17041448.
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Workplace bullying adversely affects mental health, yet little is known about the outcomes for suicidal ideation. The current study used Australian population-based data to investigate the association between workplace bullying and suicidal ideation. The sample included 1488 employed participants aged 52–58 from wave 4 of the Personality and Total Health (PATH) Through Life Study. Workplace bullying was measured in two ways: (a) a single item asked about experiences of bullying ‘currently’, ‘previously in the current workplace’ and ‘in a past workplace’, and (b) 15 items asked about bullying behaviours experienced in the past 6 months. Suicidal ideation was measured using items from the Psychiatric Symptom Frequency Scale (PSF) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). Psychosocial job quality, both current and prior, was adjusted for. Current and past experiences of workplace bullying were associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation. Current experiences were no longer associated after adjusting for concurrent indicators of psychosocial job stress, although a tendency for increased ideation remained. Reported prior experience of workplace bullying in a past workplace remained associated with higher odds of suicidal ideation after adjusting for prior psychosocial job stressors and excluding individuals with prior suicidal ideation. Being bullied at work is associated with increased risk of suicidal thoughts, although this occurs within the broader influence of other psychologically stressful employment conditions.
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Long, Linda, Darren Moore, Sophie Robinson, Anna Sansom, Alex Aylward, Emily Fletcher, Jo Welsman, Sarah Gerard Dean, John L. Campbell, and Rob Anderson. "Understanding why primary care doctors leave direct patient care: a systematic review of qualitative research." BMJ Open 10, no. 5 (May 2020): e029846. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-029846.
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BackgroundUK general practitioners (GPs) are leaving direct patient care in significant numbers. We undertook a systematic review of qualitative research to identify factors affecting GPs’ leaving behaviour in the workforce as part of a wider mixed methods study (ReGROUP).ObjectiveTo identify factors that affect GPs’ decisions to leave direct patient care.MethodsQualitative interview-based studies were identified and their quality was assessed. A thematic analysis was performed and an explanatory model was constructed providing an overview of factors affecting UK GPs. Non-UK studies were considered separately.ResultsSix UK interview-based studies and one Australian interview-based study were identified. Three central dynamics that are key to understanding UK GP leaving behaviour were identified: factors associated with low job satisfaction, high job satisfaction and those linked to the doctor–patient relationship. The importance of contextual influence on job satisfaction emerged. GPs with high job satisfaction described feeling supported by good practice relationships, while GPs with poor job satisfaction described feeling overworked and unsupported with negatively impacted doctor–patient relationships.ConclusionsMany GPs report that job satisfaction directly relates to the quality of the doctor–patient relationship. Combined with changing relationships with patients and interfaces with secondary care, and the gradual sense of loss of autonomy within the workplace, many GPs report a reduction in job satisfaction. Once job satisfaction has become negatively impacted, the combined pressure of increased patient demand and workload, together with other stress factors, has left many feeling unsupported and vulnerable to burn-out and ill health, and ultimately to the decision to leave general practice.
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Dollard, Maureen F., Anthony D. LaMontagne, Natasha Caulfield, Verna Blewett, and Andrea Shaw. "Job stress in the Australian and international health and community services sector: A review of the literature." International Journal of Stress Management 14, no. 4 (2007): 417–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1072-5245.14.4.417.
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Henningham, John. "The Journalist's Personality: An Exploratory Study." Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly 74, no. 3 (September 1997): 615–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107769909707400314.
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Personality, a little-explored variable in studies of journalists, may prove useful in understanding news people's values and motivations. A short test of two personality dimensions was applied to a random sample of 173 Australian journalists, who were found to be more extroverted than the general population, but not significantly different on the dimension of neuroticism. Job stress was related both to neuroticism and to extroversion, while extroversion was related to the valuing of information disseminating roles of media and of direct feedback from the public. Early success in journalism was related positively to extroversion and negatively to neuroticism. Further approaches to the study of personality in journalism are suggested.
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Sharpley, Christopher F., Roisin Reynolds, Alicia Acosta, and Jagdish K. Dua. "The presence, nature and effects of job stress on physical and psychological health at a large Australian university." Journal of Educational Administration 34, no. 4 (October 1996): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09578239610128630.
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