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1
IPPOLITO, MASSIMO. "IL MIO CAPO E' UN ROBOT: L'IMPATTO DELL'INTELLIGENZA ARTIFICIALE SUL MONDO DEL LAVORO." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/117146.
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Il rapporto tra progresso tecnologico e benessere economico da alcuni decenni è oggetto di studio di molti economisti, i quali si chiedono quali possano essere gli effetti socio-economici del progresso tecnologico sul mercato e sui modelli di organizzazione del lavoro nonché sul sistema economico nel suo complesso.
Alla luce dei cambiamenti tecnologici in atto, l’obiettivo di questa ricerca è comprendere quali effetti possa avere l’Intelligenza Artificiale nel contesto occupazionale, considerando, a tale riguardo, le categorie coinvolte e gli aspetti organizzativi. In particolare, quale effetto hanno l'uso quotidiano delle applicazioni di Intelligenza Artificiale, in termini di diminuzione dei posti di lavoro, sulle categorie dei dirigenti, quadri, impiegati e operai, inoltre, in che modo le applicazioni di Intelligenza Artificiale influenzano il cambiamento organizzativo e l'organizzazione quotidiana del lavoro ai diversi livelli gerarchici.
Il presente lavoro propone come framework di analisi due approcci teorici, Sociomaterialità e Job Demands-Resources, per fornire una visione più approfondita su come le nuove tecnologie di Intelligenza Artificiale sono in grado di avviare un processo di cambiamento in un'azienda modificando profondamente l’ambiente di lavoro e, di conseguenza, il benessere dei lavoratori, nonché fornendo una comprensione più approfondita del rapporto tra uomo e tecnologia.The relationship between technological progress and economic well-being has for some decades been the subject of study by many economists, who wonder what the socio-economic effects of technological progress may be on the market and on the models of work organization as well as on the economic system as a whole. In light of constant technological developments, the goal of this research is to understand what effects Artificial Intelligence can have in the labor market, considering, in this regard, the categories involved and the organizational aspects. In particular, what effect the daily use of Artificial Intelligence applications have, in terms of job losses, on the categories of executives, middle managers, employees and workers, moreover, how Artificial Intelligence applications influence organizational change and the daily organization of work at the various hierarchical levels. This work proposes as an analysis framework two theoretical approaches, Sociomateriality and Job Demands-Resources, to provide a more in-depth vision on how the new Artificial Intelligence technologies are able to initiate a process of change in a company by profoundly modifying the work environment and, consequently, the well-being of workers, as well as providing a deeper understanding of the relationship between man and technology.
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Vasilic, Rastko. "Epitaxial growth by monolayer restricted galvanic displacement." Diss., Online access via UMI:, 2006.
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Gagen, Mary G. "Job displacement of established women workers : correlates and employment consequences." The Ohio State University, 1987. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1269537414.
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Halla, Martin, Julia Schmieder, and Andrea Weber. "Job Displacement, Family Dynamics and Spousal Labor Supply, Discussion Paper Series." IZA - Institute of Labor Economics, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6509/1/dp11752.pdf.
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We study interdependencies in spousal labor supply and the effectiveness of intrahousehold insurance in a sample of married couples, where the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure using data from the Austrian Social Security Database. We show that in our sample of relatively young couples the shock hits households at crucial stages of family formation, which requires careful modeling of the wives' counterfactual lifecycle labor market patterns. In our empirical analysis, we propose three independent control groups of unaffected households to identify the causal effects of husbands' displacement
on wives' labor supply. Our empirical results show that husbands suffer large and persistent employment and earnings losses over the first 5 years after displacement. But wives' labor supply increases only moderately and they respond predominantly at the extensive margin. The implied participation elasticity with respect to the husband's earnings shock is very small, about -0:04. While the wives' earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss, public transfers and taxes are a more important insurance at least
in the short run. In terms of non-labor market related outcomes, we find a small positive effect on the probability of divorce, but no effect of the husband's job displacement on fertility. The presence and ages of children in the household are crucial determinants of the wife's labor supply response. The most responsive group are mothers, who are planning to return to the labor market after a maternity break, while mothers of very young children or wives without children remain unresponsive. We thus conclude that Austria's strong gender identity norms are an explanation for the limited scope of intra-household insurance.
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Halla, Martin, Julia Schmieder, and Andrea Weber. "Job Displacement, Family Dynamics, and Spousal Labor Supply, CEPR Discussion Papers, No. 13247." Centre for Economic Policy Research, 2018. http://epub.wu.ac.at/6609/2/CEPR%2DDP13247.pdf.
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We study the effectiveness of intra-household insurance among married couples when the husband loses his job due to a mass layoff or plant closure. Empirical results based on Austrian administrative data show that husbands suffer persistent employment and earnings losses, while wives' labor supply increases moderately due to extensive margin responses. Wives' earnings gains recover only a tiny fraction of the household income loss and, in the short-term, public transfers and taxes are a more important form of insurance. We show that the presence of children in the household is a crucial determinant of the wives' labor supply response.
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Wegner, Scott Ashley. "Selected growth and interaction characteristics of seafloor faults in the central Mississippi Canyon Offshore Continental Shelf (OCS) area, northern Gulf of Mexico." Thesis, Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/3983.
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The characteristics of some shallow faults in the Gulf of Mexico interpreted to be active are poorly understood. A better understanding of these faults will increase our understanding of formerly and presently active geologic processes in the Gulf. Specifically, the characteristics of growth, interaction, and linkage of faults are of interest. Most of the Gulf has seen continuous clastic sediment deposition since the end of continental rifting in the middle Mesozoic. The Gulf is a tectonically quiescent basin, with the only major structural processes being salt diapirism and subsidence. Numerous styles of faulting have been observed in the Gulf, with each style being related to a specific type of deformation. Numerous authors have concluded that fault growth processes generally involve tipline propagation and linkage of faults. Evidence of these processes has been observed in seismic data sets. This investigation uses a HR 3-D seismic data set to characterize growth, interaction, and linkage of a fault set in the northern Gulf of Mexico. This work shows that linked and interacting faults are present in the study area. These conclusions were reached using measurements of throw on horizons offset by several faults and interpreting the throw data using a model of fault growth and interaction based on separate processes of growth by tipline propagation and growth by linkage of smaller faults. The ratio of these parameters for a fault population can be described by a power law relationship. For the fault set considered here, the power law was found to be valid.
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Mas, Hernandez Elizabeth. "Modelling foam displacement during improved oil recovery with the pressure-driven growth model." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/modelling-foam-displacement-during-improved-oil-recovery-with-the-pressuredriven-growth-model(03d99c27-dd40-4f9d-9ca2-cb581f8e6f6d).html.
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During oil production several processes are used for extracting oil from underground reservoirs at different stages of the production process. After exploiting so called primary recovery, that depends on the “natural” depletion of the reservoir, other techniques are applied in subsequent stages. In tertiary recovery, foam can be injected and used as the displacing fluid. Foams have the capacity to provide a better percentage of recovery compared to other fluids because foams lower gas mobility, permitting a more uniform and efficient sweep of oil in the formation. However foams are complex fluids and the study of their flow within porous systems, like oil reservoirs, is challenging. Therefore the aim of this work is to study the propagation of a foam front within reservoirs in the context of improved oil recovery. The perspective that is adopted here is to use a simple model for foam rheology known as pressure-driven growth, to describe the foam displacement process using numerical simulations and (in some cases) solving the system analytically. The pressure-driven growth model is a limiting case of the viscous froth model, where terms for surface tension and curvature are removed. Taking this particular limiting case has consequences for the numerical solution of the system as the governing equations become far less stable both physically and numerically. An injection strategy called surfactant alternating gas is described by pressure-driven growth, where all resistance to motion in the advance of the foam is assumed to be focused on a region of wet small bubbles (the foam front) forming the interface of the water and gas phases. This front can be considered to be a one-dimensional curve. We then follow the propagation of the foam front over time, obtaining the front location and its shape. For the case of a homogeneous reservoir with constant driving pressure, the foam front is expected to have a convex shape. However, the numerical solution of pressure-driven growth can admit the formation of concavities in the front shape. These prove to be difficult to handle numerically since they focus down into sharp concave corners. As a consequence, robust numerical schemes are needed, and such schemes can be derived informed by the analysis of asymptotic solutions for the process. In order to deal with concavities, a modification is applied to the velocity of concave corners, which is used to recover the expected convex shape for the entire foam front. Other cases of interest arise in the scope of this study, where the development of concavities are expected due to the nature of the processes themselves, rather than being a mere numerical artifact. These are the case when there is surfactant slumping (i.e. downward migration of surfactant), the case when driving pressure is increased part-way through the process, and the case when the reservoir itself is heterogeneous. The pressure-driven growth model can be used in all these cases with the appropriate modifications to front velocities that each case requires within concavities, and spurious behaviour that would otherwise affect numerical results is thereby prevented.
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Sutton, Jane. "What is Growth Need Strength." Thesis, University of Surrey, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.274151.
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Kwong, Wing-yin Regina. "Stress-related growth among police officers." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2002. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B29740563.
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Haile, Getinet Astatike. "The adjustment costs of job displacement : evidence based on the German Socio-Economic Panel (GSOEP) data." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.410430.
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Pascoe-Deslauriers, Rachelle M. "Job displacement and the implications for job quality : an investigation of the job transition process for public sector workers in Scotland, UK and Ontario, Canada during the Great Recession." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2016. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=27333.
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This thesis conceptualises the job transition as a continuous process in the context of organisational downsizing and restructuring. It argues that the policy and research related to re-employment following job loss, organisational downsizing and relevant labour market interventions remains disconnected from, and hence underemphasises, the sequential and cumulative nature of the transition process while also focussing disproportionately on modifying individual behaviour and action. This study explores the intersection and overlap in factors, actions and decisions made by actors in each part of the transition process to better understand the dynamic nature of job transition and its implications for re-employment and future job quality. This research considers job transition from two forms of displacement – job displacement and worker displacement. It comprises a cross-national comparative study of displacement from public sector work in Ontario, Canada and Scotland, UK. Forty expert and stakeholder interviews were carried out addressing different aspects of job transition, targeting academic and policy experts, employers/senior managers, union representatives and labour market programme service providers. Furthermore, 38 semi-structured work history interviews were conducted with displaced workers along with a follow-up survey. This research argues that downsizing policy and labour market interventions appear to view any job as a better outcome than redundancy. Where organisational policies maintain employment, the emphasis is on maintaining extrinsic features of work. Through practices like salary protection and lateral transfers, good quality work beyond equivalent remuneration is a bi-product rather that a central consideration. The study finds that individuals, faced with particular processes and limited information, modify their behaviour to protect valued aspects of work including, but not limited to, extrinsic job factors. Conceptually, this research contributes to knowledge on job loss and re-employment, organisational downsizing practice and job quality. Empirically, it contributes to debates on public sector restructuring following the Great Recession of 2008.
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Yankow, Jeffrey J. "Migration, job change and wage growth among young men." Connect to resource, 1999. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261322099.
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Dunstan, T. D. "Turbulent Premixed Flame Kernel Growth During The Early Stages Using Direct Numerical Simulation." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1826/3486.
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In this thesis Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) is used to investigate the development
of turbulent premixed flame kernels during the early stages of growth typical of the
period following spark ignition. Two distinct aspects of this phase are considered: the
interaction of the expanding kernel with a field of decaying turbulence, and the
chemical and thermo-diffusive response of the flame for different fresh-gas
compositions. In the first part of the study, three-dimensional, repeated simulations with
single-step chemistry are used to generate ensemble statistics of global flame growth.
The surface-conditioned mean fluid-velocity magnitude is found to vary significantly
across different isosurfaces of the reaction progress variable, and this is shown to lead to
a bias in the distribution of the Surface Density Function (SDF) around the developing
flame. Two-dimensional simulations in an extended domain indicate that this effect
translates into a similar directional bias in the Flame Surface Density (FSD) at later
stages in the kernel development. Properties of the fresh gas turbulence decay are
assessed from an independent, non-reacting simulation database.
In the second part of this study, two-dimensional simulations with a detailed 68-step
reaction mechanism are used to investigate the thermo-diffusive response of pure
methane-air, and hydrogen-enriched methane-air flames. The changes in local and
global behaviour due to the different laminar flame characteristics, and the response of
the flames to strain and curvature are examined at different equivalence ratios and
turbulence intensities. Mechanisms leading to flame quenching are discussed and the
effect of mean flame curvature is assessed through comparison with an equivalent
planar flame. The effects of hydrogen addition are found to be particularly pronounced
in flame kernels due to the higher positive stretch rates and reduced thermo-diffusive
stability of hydrogen-enriched flames.
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Mabusela, Tebogo. "Debt leverage, company growth and job creation : South African manufacturing." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64869.
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Unemployment and lack of economic growth have been an issue in South Africa. This
research project studied the impact debt leverage has on a companyÕs ability to grow
revenue and create jobs. Most recent literature focused on debt leverage and the increase
in company investment but not extensively in company revenue growth. Furthermore,
most literature was based on the developed economies. Also, the emphasis of most
recent literature was on metrics that would benefit the investor more than it would benefit
broad-based economic interests. A panel data regression was used to analyse crosssectional
data primarily sourced from ÔMcGregor BFA Research DomainÕ. This analysis
covered 74 publicly-listed South African companies which were from manufacturing,
mining or construction sectors from 1992 to 2017. From this, it was found that debt
leverage does not predict company growth or job creation. However, it was found that
short-term debt leverage does predict company growth for companies whose total assetsÕ
market value is less than total assetsÕ book value. Additionally, it was found that company
size can, under most conditions, predict company growth and job creation.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
za2018
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Bryndahl, Fredrik. "Temporomandibular joint disk displacement and subsequent adverse mandibular growth : a radiographic, histologic and biomolecular experimental study." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Umeå University, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1624.
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Shi, Zhijun. "Predicting fatigue crack growth life in integral metallic skin-stringer panels." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2012. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/7281.
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During the past few years, in comparison to traditional riveted structures, integral metallic skin stringer structures have played more and more important roles in aircraft design due to the fact they are economical and also have the ability to reduce weight. Their wide application in aircraft, especially large integral structures is limited because of the fact that they have shortcomings in damage tolerance performance. Hence, calculating the crack growth lives and improving the damage tolerance performance of integral structures by selecting appropriate materials or choosing rational structures is a critical work. Therefore the purpose of this thesis is to find effective analysis methods of integral metallic skin-stringer panels for the use in engineering. Cont/d.
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Widerstedt, Barbro. "Moving or staying? : job mobility as a sorting process." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för nationalekonomi, 1998. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-96660.
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Frazier, Rebecca A. "The Impact of Instructional Coaching on Teacher Competency, Job Satisfaction, and Student Growth." Thesis, University of Colorado Colorado Springs, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10813375.
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Instructional coaching has become a popular and widely-used form of professional development for educators. The influence instructional coaches have on individual teachers, students in classes where teachers are coached, and the general effectiveness of coaching programs can be complicated to decipher. This dissertation analyzed the instructional coaching arm of a program entitled Teachers Coaching Teachers (TCT), collaboratively created through a partnership with district leadership and a local teachers’ union. Two analyses were conducted. Pre and post instructional survey results from 139 teachers on instructional competency and job satisfaction, and student growth data from 30 teachers’ classes over the course of two years were analyzed using a first differencing statistical approach. In both studies, coaching was found to produce a statistically significant positive impact.
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Shipton, Zoe K. "Fault displacement profiles and off-fault deformation : interpreting the record of fault growth at the Chimney Rock fault array, Utah, USA." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/12929.
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As displacement is accumulated on a fault surface through time, deformation is generated in the volume surrounding the fault. Previous studies have tended to only look at parts of this entire fault system in isolation. This thesis is a systematic survey of fault zone architecture at millimeter to kilometer scales, which is linked to variations in fault displacement. Structural data and displacement variations have been measured from two isolated normal faults cutting the Jurassic Navajo Sandstone in the Chimney Rock fault array, Utah, USA. Both faults are approximately four kilometres long with maximum displacements of thirty metres. The faults are surrounded by deformation bands and slip-surfaces typical of deformation in high porosity sandstones. Deformation is seen ahead of the fault tip and to either side of the well-developed fault surface. On average, the width of this zone of deformation is twice the displacement on the main slip surface. This implies that while some deformation is generated ahead of the fault tip (a process zone) deformation is then continuously accumulated after a through-going fault surface has developed, intensifying and widening the zone of off-fault deformation. The latter is referred to as a kinematic damage zone. The relationship between off-fault deformation width and displacement is potentially useful for predicting fault zone architecture below seismic resolution. However the exact form of the scaling relationship is not well controlled and is expected to vary in different lithologies. The off-fault deformation consists of an orthorhombic pattern of deformation bands, with a low angle between strike sets. This can be attributed to a small component of along-strike extensional strain (due to variation in displacement along the fault) combined with larger extensions perpendicular to the fault.
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Ma, Bingkui. "Growth modification of the temporomandibular joint by functional appliances : a histomorphometric study using sheep." Title page, contents and summary only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phm1112.pdf.
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Bibliography: leaves 234-245. In order to investigate growth modifications of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) during dentofacial orthopaedic treatment, various functional appliances have been used to prompt the mandible into a protrusive position in various animal experimental models. The general purpose of this project was (i) to test the effectiveness of a functional appliance specially designed for sheep; (ii) to clarify whether or not forward mandibular displacement in sheep is associated with faster and/or redirected condylar growth; (iii) to evaluate the sheep as a model for dentofacial orthopaedic research by comparing the similarities of mandibular condylar growth in sheep and humans; (iv) to detail the position of the mandible during forward mandibular posturing and the effects of mandibular forward displacement on modelling and remodelling of the mandibular condyle.
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Buys, Johannes Petrus. "A conceptual framework for determining sustainability of SMMEs in Lesedi / J.P. Buys." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8889.
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In South Africa there is high unemployment rates and poverty amongst a large part of the population. Entrepreneurship is identified by National Government and various research programs such as the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) as a possible solution to the above socio-economic problems hampering economic growth of a developing region. It is however very difficult to start and grow a business that can last over time.
This research report investigates the major problems associated with business sustainability of SMMEs and provides strategies for businesses to stay operational over
time.
The main aim of the study is to establish determinants of sustainability and reasons for success of SMMEs, based on a sample of small companies in Lesedi, Gauteng. Suggestions are made based on their unique experiences.
The empirical study was conducted by means of a field study using a structured questionnaire. The reliability of the questionnaire was determined by the Cronbach alpha coefficient of the constructs.
Data from 52 SMMEs were collected and analysed. The results indicate that most SMMEs in Lesedi are struggling to make profit and are generally unsustainable by measuring up the results against elements identified within the literature review.
A total of 100 businesses restricted to Lesedi municipality in Gauteng were visited in the process of collecting the peer-aided questionnaires.
The biggest problems of SMMEs in the sample were: gross profit control, marketing, strategic management, inventory control, information management, staff development, expense control, sourcing funds, time management and financial management.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.
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Malmqvist, Philip. "Monitoring of crack growth and crack mouth opening displacement in compact tension specimens at high temperatures : Development and implementation of the Direct Current Potential Drop (DCPD) method." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-44493.
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The mechanical engineering department at the University of Idaho is conducting a project with the purpose of developing a complete system for investigating creep-, creep-fatigue- and fatigue properties of metallic materials at elevated temperatures up to 650 ˚C with Compact Tension (CT) specimens. Considerable efforts have been made to study and understand these phenomena, although numerous problems still exist. It is important to explore more extensively the complicated phenomena of creep, fatigue and of creep-fatigue interactions. The Direct Current Potential Drop (DCPD) method is a common method used to investigate, for example, the initiation of cracks, crack growth rates and to monitor crack growth. The technique utilizes the fact that the electrical resistance of a CT specimen changes with crack growth. By applying a constant current over the specimen and measuring the resulting voltage over the crack, the crack length can be related to the voltage, and the difference in crack length with difference in voltage. Standards from the American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) were used as guidance when designing the DCPD system and CT specimen. The development and implementation processes were divided into an analytical and an experimental stage. The final product consisted of a high temperature extensometer, to measure crack mouth opening displacement (CMOD), and a DCPD system, to measure crack growth, controlled by separate control units. The DCPD system consisted of a DC supply and a nano voltmeter along with Constantan wire and NiCr60 wire respectively, that were mechanically fastened. The DCPD system delivered overall satisfying results and was able to generate sufficient data to produce a crack growth curve, da/dN vs. ΔK. Although, by taking advantage of resistance welding equipment to attach the DCPD wires, along with implementing one shared control unit for the DCPD system and the extensometer, more accurate and accessible measurements and correlations could be extracted.Mechanical engineering avdelningen på University of Idaho genomför just nu ett utvecklingsprojekt med syftet att utveckla ett komplett system för undersökning av krypnings, krypnings-utmattnings- samt utmattnings- egenskaper av metalliska material vid höga temperaturer upp till 650 ˚C med hjälp av kompakta spänningsprovstavar (CT specimens). Betydande ansträngningar har gjorts för att undersöka och förstå dessa fenomen, men flera problem kvarstår. Det är viktigt att djupare undersöka kopplingen mellan krypnings- och utmattningsegenskaper. Direct Current Potential Drop (DCPD) metoden är en vanlig metod vilken används för att undersöka, exempelvis, sprickinitiering, spricktillväxthastigheter och spricktillväxt. Tekniken utnyttjar faktumet att den elektriska resistansen i en provstav ändras med spricktillväxt. Genom att föra en konstant ström genom provstaven och sedan mäta den resulterande spänningen över sprickan, kan spricklängden relateras till uppmätt spänning. På samma sätt kan spricktillväxt relateras till spänningsförändringar. Standarder från American Society for Testing of Materials (ASTM) användes för att designa ett DCPD system samt en CT provstav. Utvecklings- och implementeringsprocessen var uppdelad i en analytisk och en experimentell del. Den slutgiltiga produkten bestod av en extensometer, för mätning av spricköppning vid höga temperaturer, och ett DCPD system, för mätning av spricktillväxt vid höga temperaturer, vilka kontrollerades av separata kontrollenheter. DCPD systemet bestod av en strömkälla och en nanovoltmeter tillsammans med Constantan kablar respektive NiCr60 kablar, vilka fastsättes mekaniskt. DCPD systemet levererade generellt sett tillfredställande resultat och hade kapacitet att generera tillräckligt precisa data för att producera en spricktillväxtkurva, da/dN vs. ΔK. Däremot, genom att utnyttja en resistanssvets, för att fastsätta DCPD-kablarna, tillsammans med en gemensam kontrollenhet för extensometern och DCPD systemet, kan det tänkas att bättre och mer tillgängliga resultat kunde åstadkommas.
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Crespo, Cuaresma Jesus, Harald Oberhofer, and Gallina Andronova Vincelette. "Institutional barriers and job creation in Central and Eastern Europe." Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/2193-9012-3-3.
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Using information from the Amadeus dataset and the Business Environment and Enterprise Performance Survey, we provide an empirical investigation of the industry and firm-specific determinants of the intensive margin (i.e., within existing firms) job creation process in eleven Central and Eastern European economies during the period 2002-2009. Our results indicate that during the years prior to the global financial crisis, traditional industries were crucial for the net intensive margin creation of jobs in the region but, by contrast, services firms were less vulnerable to the economic downturn. At the firm level, small and young already existing firms and subsidiaries of multinational corporate groups tended to register the highest employment growth rates. The empirical results also indicate that more productive surviving firms tended to be less vulnerable to the economic downturns in terms of employment change. The perceived quality of the business climate by enterprises of the region is robustly correlated with intensive margin employment growth both before and during the recent global financial crisis. Interestingly, the best performing surviving firms are estimated to be most negatively affected by a poor business environment. Institutional barriers thus appear as an important factor hampering firm growth in Central and Eastern Europe. These findings hold for the group of high-growth surviving firms (gazelles) that disproportionately accounted for the creation of new jobs in these economies.
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Stewart, Lillian Frances. "The Job of Human Capital:What Occupational Data Reveal About Skill Sets, Economic Growth and Regional Competitiveness." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1450104157.
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Robinson, Becky S. "Gender Differences in the Vocational Interests of Youth Considering High Job Growth and Green Energy Occupations." OpenSIUC, 2012. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/653.
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For more than 100 years, vocational psychologists and educational researchers have sought to identify the significant influences shaping occupational interests. This descriptive study used a series of vocational card sort exercises with 139 rural high school youth to identify gender differences in occupational interests toward working in 60 of the nation's fastest growing occupations, including new and emerging 21st century green energy roles. Through a classroom-based exercise, youth sorted cards from four decks into piles (1 - 5) at their desk. Sorting the card into pile (1) expressed Strong Dislike; pile (2) Dislike, pile (3) No Interest, pile (4) Some Interest, or pile (5) Strong Interest toward the occupational information depicted on each card. Four decks of 60 cards were used to measure youth expressed interest toward performing the occupational tasks (A), holding the occupational titles (B), working in the type of workplace environments (C), and using the type of tools and technology (D) used by workers in each occupation. A Total Occupational Interest Score reflected the summation of four scores from deck (A+B+C+D) by each youth toward each occupation. Significant differences in occupational interests were found. Female youth expressed strongest interest toward health care, and lowest interest toward green energy roles. Male youth were most interested in construction, transportation, advanced manufacturing, and homeland security. Both groups most preferred working in traditional roles for each gender to perform in the workplace.
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Taborek, Tanya E. "Short and Long Run Implications of Technological Advancement on Jobs: Theory and Evidence." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/680.
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This paper will address the trends of employment in correlation with technological progress. It will consider generally accepted economic theory as well as classical analysis, mathematical modeling and recent data. It is demonstrated that short-run impacts of technological advancements can cause temporary unemployment due to increased aggregate productivity. Long-run adjustments however can result in job polarization, which in turn results in income inequality. The possible negative impacts on the US economy as a whole are addressed and short-term fixes that could mitigate the undesirable side effects that come from these changes.
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Jörgensen, Peter. "Small Firms and Employment Growth : A Cross-Regional Study of Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15696.
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In the last decades, small firms have accounted for a disproportionately large share of new jobs. Using data from 1993 to 2009, the concern of this thesis is to examine regional differences in employment growth in Sweden, with a focus at the role of small firms. The author employs findings from previous studies and theoretical discussions on advantages and disadvantages of small firms to derive a number of variables to use in two multiple regression models on regional employment growth, one for the period 1993-2001 and one for the period 2001-2009. The results show that, unlike increases of well educated workers and the population growth, increases in small firm employment is significant in explaining employment growth in both periods, with a positive relationship. For both periods, changes in small firms’ share of employment is not significant in explaining employment growth. Although many new jobs have been generated in service industries, changes in the service sectors’ share of employment is highly insignificant as an explanatory variable for employment growth. Moreover, an increased share of highly educated workers is negatively related to employment growth.
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Soder, Michael, Kathrin Niedermoser, and Hendrik Theine. "Beyond growth: new alliances for socio-ecological transformation in Austria." Published by Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14747731.2018.1454680.
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Trade unions and environmental movements are often seen as political opponents most prominently discussed in the form of the "jobs vs. environment dilemma". Based on historical examples of the conflict relations between trade unions and environmental groups in the Austrian energy sector, this paper showcases how the relationship between the two groups has changed from enmity to first attempts at alliance building. Drawing from analysis of union documents and problem-centred interviews conducted with Austrian unionists, it shows that newly emerging alliances between unions and environmental movements contain the seeds for a broad societal movement that can help overcome the paradigm of growth and actively engage in the creation of policies that support a social-ecological transformation.
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Elliott, Greg (Gregory Talcott). "Konbit : bridging social, cultural, and political worlds by accelerating job growth and creation for the illiterate, disconnected workers." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67764.
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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, School of Architecture and Planning, Program in Media Arts and Sciences, 2011.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 75-77).
Current employment technology typically relies on the concept of a CV or resume -a highly precise and constructed document. The creation of this document requires intricate knowledge of a process that is often opaque to those living in developed nations, who rely on training and experience to write compelling CV's. For those living in developing countries, this process is more difficult, and for those that have no internet access or are illiterate, creating a first-world resume is nearly impossible. That said, when firstworld organizations in developing countries bring with them their expectations of hiring which may or may not fit with the natives of that country. We propose a system, "Konbit," that creates a cultural and technological bridge between those with skills in developing countries and those with first-world expectations of potential employees. This platform allows literate or illiterate workers to describe their skills and life experiences as story-like messages in their native language, requires no technological upgrades from these workers, and transforms and offers this data as deep, humanized characterizations of potential employees. Non-profit organizations (NGOs) and government organizations (GOs) can search this data in a technologically modern format, viewing an automatically constructed resume for each caller. While other systems attempt to create miniature CV's via SMS-based messaging, these systems are not accessible by the illiterate and impose western CV-based culture onto applicants, resulting in low-fidelity representations given that SMS text messages are by nature short and inappropriate for extensive data input. Given the focus on the most is connected workers, Konbit deployed and received data from over 10,000 people in Port-au-Prince, Haiti, where the literacy rate, at the time of writing, was around 50% and the unemployment rate was more than 80%. This system was also beta-tested with 30 Haitian-Americans in Miami, Florida. The implications of the thesis will be relevant to any area - developed or developing - that is affected by illiteracy, poor training, or cultural gaps between workers and employers, and may serve as a more effective tool for employee characterization and interviewing in all job sectors.
by Greg Elliott.
S.M.
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Sjöholm, Anton. "Entrepreneurial Social Capital and Economic growth : An analysis of local entrepreneurial social capital and job creation in Sweden." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-30552.
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Marvie, II C. Kelvin 1980. "Economic growth and job creation = the case of Liberia = Crescimento econômico e geração de emprego ; o caso da Libéria." [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286225.
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Orientador: Carlos Salas PaezDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Libéria, como muitas economias em desenvolvimento têm se esforçado para incentivar o investimento em uma tentativa de facilitar o crescimento econômico e a criação de emprego. Este tem sido reforçada pelos esforços do governo para atrair investidores através de políticas favoráveis ao investimento. O desempenho recente da economia da Libéria tem sido um pouco prejudicada pela taxa de aumento da informalidade e do subemprego. Políticas voltadas estritamente para alcançar a estabilidade macroeconômica e ao crescimento do emprego acelerado sem consideração aos problemas da qualidade do emprego criado. Esta situação é, provavelmente, um reflexo do fato de que o ímpeto de crescimento na Libéria é alcançado inadequadas ou não está direcionado para as atividades de trabalho intensivo. Setores com alta taxa de absorção de trabalho: como a manufatura, turismo, agricultura e exportações de mercadorias não têm atraído o investimento necessário para aumentar o crescimento e desempenho do emprego. A economia da Libéria, portanto, requer uma revisão profunda das atuais políticas nacionais de desenvolvimento para gerar crescimento que iria melhorar as condições de vida da população. Promover a criação de emprego e renda para a realização de suas metas de redução da pobreza, é uma tarefa inadiável. Para que o crescimento do emprego possa ser realizado, este texto propõe várias iniciativas destinadas a reforçar o emprego
Abstract: Liberia like many developing economies have endeavored to encourage investment in a bid to facilitate economic growth and job creation. This has been enhanced by the government's efforts to attract investors through many favorable investment policies. The fairly decent growth performance of the Liberian economy has been somewhat dented by the increasing rate of informality and underemployment. Policies narrowly focused on achieving macroeconomic stability and accelerated growth without adequate employment consideration and facilitation. This situation is probably a reflection of the fact that the growth impetus achieved in Liberia is either inadequate or does not come from investment directed into the labour intensive activities. Sectors with high labour absorption rate such as manufacturing, tourism, merchandize agriculture and exports have not attracted the necessary investment to enhance growth and employment performance. The Liberian economy therefore requires a thorough review of the current national development policies to generate growth that would promote job creation and improve incomes for the realization of its poverty reduction goals. For employment-friendly growth to be realized, this paper attempts to propose various initiatives aimed at enhancing employment
Mestrado
Economia Social e do Trabalho
Mestre em Desenvolvimento Econômico
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Synard, Jacqueline. "The Experience of Well-being Following Job Loss: A Case Study." Thesis, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/35246.
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Positive psychology has significantly advanced our understanding of well-being, yet there remains a need to better understand the how, what, and why of both positive and negative well-being. This study combined positive psychology and job loss perspectives to investigate the subjective experience of well-being following job loss. Using a qualitative-focused case study methodology, this three article dissertation explored the experiences of 20 workers who were displaced from the Ottawa, Canada technology sector from 2000-2006.
The first article explored the experience of well-being from a bottom-up, naturalistic point of view and compared these inductive notions with existing a priori theories. Findings support integrated conceptualizations of hedonia and eudaimonia, while also potentially identifying new notions of well-being. Identified themes include (a) life evaluation, (b) transitory experiencing, (c) growth and grounding, (d) environmental mastery/stability, (e) mental ill-being/ill-health, and (f) motivational mindsets/conditions. This study showed well-being to be a rich, pluralistic construct. It included the non-dualistic notions of both subjectivity and objectivity, as well as encompassing notions related to the what and how of well-being.
The second and third articles present inductively derived themes which helped to explain the relationship between job loss and well-being (i.e., the how and why). Three externally focused themes were reported in the second article: (a) systemic factors (e.g., broader business environment), (b) interpersonal factors (e.g., social support), and (c) chance (e.g., luck and serendipity). The third article identified two internally focused major themes: (a) differential coping responses and processes and (b) protective and sensitizing processes. Coping specifically consisted of problem-focused coping, meaning-making, attitudes and expectancies, behavioural processes, and emotional processes. Protective and sensitizing processes included identity and self-esteem, the impact of past adversity, and personal resources and characteristics. Implications for theory, research, and practice for both positive psychology and job loss are discussed.
Keywords: positive psychology, job loss, unemployment, qualitative research, case study, hedonia, eudaimonia, coping, meaning, meaning-making, resilience, post-traumatic growth, social support, relationships, theory, processes
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Andersson, Linda. "Essays on job turnover, productivity and state-local finance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141096.
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This thesis consists of four self-contained papers on job turnover, productivity and state- local finance. Paper [I] deals with the determinants of the rate of job turnover defined as the change in distribution of employment between and within industries in Swedish manufacturing. The rate of inter-industry job turnover is driven by the dispersion of profit changes among industries. Shifts in international competitiveness among industries seem to play a central role in the explanation of this pattern. The rate of intra-industry job turnover has been higher in industries with many small plants, low profit margins and high import penetration. Paper [II] analyzes the impact of openness on total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using Swedish industry level data the results show that economically integrated industries tend to be more engaged in research and development (R&D) and have more entry and exit activity than other industries. The domestic R&D intensity does not contribute to the TFP growth rate. Instead, the results imply that openness to international markets, which helps facilitate technology spillovers, has a significant impact on the growth rate. There is also some evidence suggesting that producers exiting the market are less productive, implying that such exits will increase the average productivity of the industry concerned. The purpose of Paper [III] is to design and implement a test of whether the external effect from tax base sharing among local and regional governments is internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. The test is based on the observation that if the external effect is internalized, an increase in the income tax rate at one level of government will induce the other level to reduce its income tax rate by the corresponding amount, leaving the effective tax rate unchanged. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, we estimate the reaction function for the local income tax rate. The results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the external effect from tax base sharing is internalized. Paper [IV] concerns risk-sharing, in terms of how the central government smooths personal income among municipalities via the tax and transfer systems. Using Swedish panel data, the results show that the national tax and transfer systems mitigate an adverse shock to income of one krona so that disposable income falls by 67 öre, on average. However, there are large differences across regions, where the effect on disposable income varies between 32 and 78 öre in the krona.digitalisering@umu
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Smith, Owen Christo. "Development of a co-operative stakeholder framework for employment growth in the South African automotive sector." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1020799.
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Manufacturing has been identified by the Department of Trade and Industry as an important sector to drive economic growth in South Africa. The automotive manufacturing sector in particular has seen significant support from the DTI in the form of incentives to produce motor vehicles and components. South Africa is faced with a high unemployment rate and one of the strategies of the Government is to drive economic growth by supporting the automotive manufacturing sector. One of the spill-over targets is to increase employment creation in the industry. The automotive manufacturing sector consists of a diverse list of stakeholders representing motor vehicle manufacturers, component manufacturers, labour unions, government departments and industry associations. The Motor Industry Development Programme delivered significant progress in the number of vehicles produced in South Africa and the biggest growth was in the export of vehicles. Employment creation on the other hand did not see the same levels of growth as motor vehicle and component production. The purpose of this study was to identify and clarify what the variables are that influence employment creation and to develop a co-operation framework that would guide the automotive cluster stakeholders to work on employment creation initiatives as a collective. The survey questionnaire results representing the perception of managers showed that: - DTI Incentives schemes linked to employment creation; - Productivity, Technology and employment; - The role of competitiveness in the auto cluster; - Labour Union Collective bargaining; - Investment climate and infrastructure; - Education and skills development; does have an influence on employment creation in the automotive cluster.
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Thompson-Elliott, Racquel. "A Qualitative Study of the Growth Strategies of Mature Small Businesses." ScholarWorks, 2016. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/3009.
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Some small businesses have slower growth as they age and have limited strategies to maximize profit, productivity, and job creation. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore the strategies small business managers use to capitalize on growth opportunities. Area small business managers and support program stakeholders could gain new knowledge to develop effective support for mature small businesses. Twenty managers participated in this case study. These managers were from small businesses operating in the state of Florida for more than 5 years with less than 500 employees. The data collection approach included purposeful sampling and semistructured interviews with open-ended questions. In addition, literature on small business growth of policies and procedures was reviewed. The general systems theory conceptual framework was the guide for this study. The thematic approach was used to have the data analyzed using word frequency, text search, and coding. The themes emerging from this study were growth decisions and internal environment, growth decisions and external environment, using alternative growth strategies, heterogeneous growth strategy processes, consulting, researching, and planning growth, accessing support for growth strategies, and overcoming challenges with success attributes. These findings could assist area professional practitioners learn more about the decision making process used by small business managers including the indicators used to measure growth and identify growth opportunities. The findings could also contribute to continued job creation and economic growth of the local community.
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Kalvelage, Linus [Verfasser], Diez Javier [Gutachter] Revilla, and Hubert [Gutachter] Job. "Capturing vlaue from wildlife tourism: growth corridor policy and global production networks in Zambezi, Namibia / Linus Kalvelage ; Gutachter: Javier Revilla Diez, Hubert Job." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239811640/34.
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Ha, Su Min. "Experts vs. Public, Who Knows Better? Factors Affecting High Growth Entrepreneurship in Developed and Developing Countries." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1415.
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This paper uses the Global Entrepreneurship Monitor data of approximately 200,000 surveys conducted on industry experts and general population to examine factors that have a significant impact on high growth Total Early-Stage Entrepreneurial Activity (TEA), with a focus on developed countries with GDP per capita of USD 20,000 or above. The results suggest that expert opinion has a significant positive correlation with high growth TEA in developed countries, while only the public sentiment has a meaningful relationship with high growth TEA in developing countries. Among the specific categories of the survey, access to funding and government regulations and support had the largest impact.
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Duff, Patrick Alexander. "Exploring job search and the causes of endogenous unemployment evidence from Duncan Village, South Africa." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002761.
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Despite high rates of unemployment in South Africa, there is little consensus about its origins and solutions to the problem. Job search (how and when people search for work) is one aspect of the unemployment problem. Job search is shown to be a complex process strongly linked to the endogenous structure of the labour market. The flaws in traditional methods (theoretical and measurement) highlight this. Using data from a tailor-made survey in Duncan Village (a peri-urban area in Buffalo City, South Africa) the research examines factors that influence the effectiveness of job search. The results show that mode of search (how people look for work) is used as a signal by employers. Degrees of success are stratified amongst searchers using either ‘word of mouth’, place-to-place or formal modes of search. The thesis provides a method-test to reveal a complex body of evidence that has yet to be fully explored by practitioners in this field.
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Makhoba, Xolani Simphiwe. "A study of informal sector entrepreneurial activity within the townships in Emfuleni Local Municipality / by Xolani Simphiwe Makhoba." Thesis, North-West University, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/4579.
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Past research has established that South Africa has a problem of high unemployment rate.
This is accompanied by a low entrepreneurship activity that tends to lag far behind that of
other developing countries as measured over the years by the Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor (GEM) research. Entrepreneurship and small business are well recognised for their
role in both economic growth and job creation. This study set out to investigate the informal
sector entrepreneurial activity in Emfuleni Local Municipality which has experienced large
scale retrenchments over the past decade. A literature survey was conducted to understand
the characteristics, successful practices and weaknesses that distinguish the informal sector
from the formal sector.
The empirical study which was conducted by means of survey questionnaire among the
informal sector entrepreneurs indicated that entrepreneurship in the informal sector can
provide a form of income for some people that cannot be absorbed in the formal labour
market. The findings of the study was that this area of entrepreneurship is dominated by the
youth as more than half of the respondents were below the age of 35 years. It was also
found that most of the entrepreneurs have never been formally employed which may be
problematic when it comes to skills. While most of them recognised the importance of
training and skills, they were also positive that they can benefit from training especially in the
area of marketing and promoting their product and services.
These entrepreneurs however do not seem to be benefiting from government initiatives such
as the workshops offered by the local municipality and other assistance offered by the
government agencies. The low skills level of most of these entrepreneurs may also hinder
their ability to grow their businesses beyond the one–man operations. It is recommended
therefore that the organisations such as the National Youth Development Agency double
their efforts in helping the youth to become successful small business owners. The
government agencies, particularly those targeting the youth should make a conceited effort
to provide training in particular to these people if they are to make a lasting impact on job
creation.Thesis (M.B.A.)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2011.
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Gunaratne, Kodicara Asoka. "Conceptualising a model to promote "post start-up" small business growth in Sri Lanka." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Management, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/2229.
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The objective of this thesis is to determine whether it is possible to improve the adequacy of support to “post start-up” small businesses in Sri Lanka by making changes to the current support regime to encourage their growth. The interest in this issue stems from (a) previous research carried out which highlights the substantially lower contribution to employment growth from the small businesses in Sri Lanka as compared to what is observed in other countries, and (b) the increasing emphasis upon stimulating the small business sector to make a significant contribution to the national economy which is apparent in recent policy proposals in the White Paper presented by the Task Force for Small and Medium Enterprise (SME) development.
An examination of extant literature suggests that the understanding of the factors that influence the growth of post start-up small businesses in developing countries is limited. Knowledge is also limited on the type of support that is required to adequately address such factors. To systematically investigate the existing knowledge gaps in these areas a questionnaire survey was conducted. In-depth interviews were also carried out with small business owner-managers and key employees of organisations providing small business support.
A variety of statistical techniques were employed to analyse the responses to the questionnaire survey. Overall the results indicate that the factors influencing the growth of post start-up small businesses are highly individual in nature. Results of the study also indicate that the employment growth in post start-up small businesses is very limited. Drawing on the results of the research a conceptual model is proposed that suggests a holistic approach to the identification, evaluation and delivery of support to address the factors constraining the growth of post start-up small businesses.
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Larsson, Hanna. "Disentangling the causes behind regional employment differences in Sweden : The case of regional job losses within two sectors of the Manufacturing Industry." Thesis, Jönköping University, JIBS, Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-972.
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The purpose of this thesis is to disentangle the causes behind differences in regional employment across the 81 Swedish LA regions. Thus, two questions will be answered; which factors causes regional disparity in employment and which where the least and the
most affected regions during the economic crises of the 1990’s? The answer to these questions are imposed by certain chosen restrictions, where only the situation within two manufacturing industries will be investigated; the car- and machine manufacturing sectors. Previous research claim that there are specific factors that influence and creates regional growth disparity. Among these factors can be found; education, infrastructure, demography, industry diversity and migration. Statistical data then enables a division of the regions on basis of the change in employment level within the manufacturing industries as a share of total employment. It is revealed that the most affected regions during an economic shock are those areas that have the highest employment ratio within these manufacturing sectors. The empirical findings indicates that in the case of Swedish manufacturing industries especially three factors influence the employment level; population, education and migration. Additionally, distance to a larger city is proven to be
significant during recessions while being insignificant during economic booms. The last factor, diversity, on the other hand indicates that the correlation is the reverse. Hence, diversity has an impact during economic upswings, while this is not the case during downturns. With the development during the 90’s as a reference, the same method is used to locate today’s most vulnerable industrial regions. Statistics show that Ljungby is at the top
of this list. When studying the strategic development plan for this region it is found that this area follows a policy in line with those variables that this thesis has pin-pointed to be
beneficial for regional growth. Hence, this region has taken beneficial policy steps in order to decrease the dependency on a vulnerable and market sensitive industrial sector.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att utreda varför anställningsgraden skiljer sig mellan de 81 svenska LA regionerna. De två frågor som skall besvaras är följaktligen; vilka faktorer påverkar skillnader i sysselsättningsgrad samt utpeka vilka regioner var de minst och mest
drabbade under 1990-talets ekonomiska kris? Dessa frågor har dock begränsats till att undersöka förhållandet inom två tillverkningsindustrier; bil- och maskintillverkning.
Tidigare forskning hävdar att det finns vissa specifika faktorer som påverkar och skapar regionala skillnader i tillväxt. Bland dessa kan nämnas utbildning, infrastruktur, demografi, diversitet och migration. Den deskriptiva statistiken delar därefter upp Sveriges regioner på basis av förändringen i anställning inom de två valda industrisektorerna som en del av totala sysselsättningen. De hårdast drabbade regionerna under en lågkonjunktur är deregioner som har störst andel av totala arbetskraften inom tillverkningsindustrin. Vidare indikerar de empiriska resultaten att för svensk tillverkningsindustris vidkommande så har främst population, utbildning samt migration ett starkt samband med
sysselsättningsfrekvensen. Vidare visar det sig att avståndet till en större stad har en inverkan under lågkonjunktur men ej under högkonjunktur. För den sista variabeln, grad av diversitet, visar sig sambandet vara det motsatta; det vill säga ingen påverkan under en konjunkturnedgång, medan en positiv influens under konjunkturuppgång. Med händelseutvecklingen från 90-talet som grund kan samma metod användas för att lokalisera dagens mest sårbara industriregioner. Statistiken visar att Ljungby toppar denna lista. Men då man studerar denna regions framtids- och utvecklingsmål följer dessa just de faktorer som denna uppsats utpekar som viktiga ingredienser för regional tillväxt. Följaktligen har denna region tagit positiva steg i riktning mot att minska sitt beroende av en sårbar och konjunkturkänslig industrisektor.
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Mthimkhulu, Alfred Mbekezeli. "Small enterprise development in South Africa : an exploration of the constraints and job creation potential." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/97117.
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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: This thesis, presented in six thematic chapters, investigates an approach for promoting the growth of small businesses in South Africa. Chapter 1 motivates the thesis by discussing the contested role of small businesses in reducing unemployment and fostering social equity. Chapter 2 reviews the small business development policy in South Africa and explicates the socioeconomic conditions underpinning the policy. Chapters 3, 4 and 5 are empirical analyses using data from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys of 2003 and 2007, and the World Bank Financial Crisis Survey of 2010 to determine key impediments to the growth of small businesses and characteristics of firms creating and retaining most jobs in South Africa. Chapter 3 uses two methods to investigate the key impediments. The first method is based on a count of obstacles that entrepreneurs rate as seriously affecting enterprise operations. The second estimates the effects of the obstacles on growth through sequential multivariate regressions and identifies binding constraints for different categories of firms. It emerges that medium-sized firms are mildly affected by most obstacles but micro and small firms are significantly affected by crime, electricity and transportation problems. The chapter provides important insight on the sequencing of interventions to address the impediments to growth. Chapter 4 studies the finance constraint. It evaluates the importance of the constraint firstly by assessing whether firms rating finance as a serious problem underperform firms rating the problem as less important. Thereafter, the chapter studies the experiences of firms when seeking external finance and identifies four levels of the finance constraint. Using an ordered logit model and a binary logit model, the chapter explores the profile of financially constrained firms. Results show that firms owned by ethnic groups disadvantaged in the apartheid era are more likely to be credit-constrained. The results also suggest that the likelihood of being credit-constrained decreases with higher levels of formal education. The results inform policy on the types of firms that financial interventions must target. Chapter 5 builds on a growing body of evidence which shows that a small proportion of firms in an economy account for over 50 percent of net new jobs. The evidence from the literature suggests that such high-growth enterprises have distinct characteristics that could make it possible for interventions to nurture or for other firms to emulate. The chapter employs two methods to investigate the characteristics of high-growth firms. The first is logit regression, which the investigation uses to determine characteristics of firms that create more jobs than the average firm. The characteristics are also interacted to identify interaction terms most associated with growth. The second method is quantile regression, which makes it possible to assess the importance of each characteristic for firms in different levels of growth rates. The results show that the typical high-growth firm is more likely to be black-owned. The results of the chapter however highlight the need for further research into characteristics that may perhaps explain high-growth firms more robustly than variables in the survey instrument. The research ends with a summary, a discussion of areas of further research, and policy recommendations in Chapter 6.
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Jorge, Maria Aparecida Sanches Silva. "Deslocamento do trabalho feminino e os novos contornos da divisão sexual do trabalho na construção civil em Anápolis e Goiânia." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2015. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/5250.
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The search turns to women's work in construction, quarries functions, ceramist, tiler, rejuntadora. Focusing on the issues of women's work and the new format of the sexual division of labor, this study verifies and analyzes the women's movement of the reasons for this sector, the precariousness, intensification of domestic work delegation, the craftsmanship, polarization, education at the construction sites in Anapolis and Goiania. The research is focused on the search and verification of the new format of the sexual division of labor, to identify elements that show changes that break with inequalities or promote forms of exploitation of women's work. The objective of the study turns to the analysis of the behavior of the female labor force, on the issues of sexualization of occupations governing the sexual division of labor in the construction industry; Checks whether this shift providing further disqualification, insecurity and intensification of women's work or breaks the hierarchical system of gender in a traditionally male profession. The survey was conducted on construction sites, with interviews, observations and description of the female work everyday in the finishing sector. It was found that the displacement is promoted by male labor shortage, by professional training courses, the appeal of a formal contract, wages and these women are mostly out of domestic work and are inserted into the finishing sector, workplace exclusively manual, which "produce and clean" have the same dimension. The research revealed that work in the finishing sector has been a reclassification promoted by manual skills. Thus, it is possible to raise the presumption of likely feminization of construction finishing sector in the companies surveyed.
A pesquisa volta-se para o trabalho feminino na construção civil, nas funções de pedreira, ceramista, azulejista, rejuntadora. Com foco nas questões sobre trabalho feminino e os novos contornos da divisão sexual do trabalho, este estudo verifica e analisa os motivos do deslocamento das mulheres para este setor, a precarização, intensificação, delegação do trabalho doméstico, as habilidades manuais, a polarização, a escolaridade nos canteiros de obra em Anápolis e Goiânia. A pesquisa está orientada para a busca e verificação dos novos contornos da divisão sexual do trabalho, no sentido de identificar elementos que evidenciam mudanças que rompem com as desigualdades ou promovem formas de exploração do trabalho feminino. O objetivo do estudo volta-se para a análise do comportamento da força de trabalho feminina, diante das questões da sexualização das ocupações que regem a divisão sexual do trabalho, no setor da construção civil; Analisa, se este deslocamento estabelece uma maior desqualificação, precarização e intensificação do trabalho feminino ou rompe com o sistema hierárquico de gênero em uma profissão tradicionalmente masculina. A pesquisa foi realizada nos canteiros de obras, com entrevistas, observações e descrição do cotidiano do trabalho feminino no setor de acabamento. Verificou-se que o deslocamento é promovido pela escassez de mão de obra masculina, pelos cursos de qualificação profissional, pelo atrativo da carteira assinada, dos salários e estas mulheres estão saindo majoritariamente do trabalho doméstico e são inseridas no setor de acabamento, local de trabalho exclusivamente manual, onde “produzir e limpar” possuem a mesma dimensão. A pesquisa revelou que o trabalho no setor de acabamento passa por uma reclassificação promovida pelas habilidades manuais. Assim, é possível levantar o pressuposto da provável feminização do setor de acabamento da construção civil nas empresas pesquisadas.
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Leach, Noleen (nee Noble). "Labour legislation and SMME's: The impact of sectoral determination 1: contract cleaning sector South Africa on the growth of small, medium and micro enterprise." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_6302_1205415310.
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This thesis explored the impact that Sectoral Determination 1: Contract Cleaning Sector, South Africa had on the growth of small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in the sector. It critically examined the prevailing perception in industry, that labour legislation has a negative impact on the growth of SMMEs, and, evaluates the South African government's response to this perception.
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Mitchell, John Talmadge. "A Framework for Development in Rural Arid and Semi-Arid Environments in Africa: The Somalia Case." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/98224.
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This study proposes a framework and a process promoting creation of sustainable jobs and businesses in rural, arid and semi-arid agricultural conflict zones of Sub Saharan Africa, focusing on Somalia's societal stabilization and conflict mitigation. This task requires developing risk-reducing measures for infrastructure and service delivery in rural, post-conflict zones.
Literature reviews identified two economic growth theories rooted in sustainability concepts for localized, pro-poor development. Ecological Economics Theory (EET) and Endogenous Growth Theory (EGT) are the philosophical bases establishing investment priorities. Additional research regarding Somali culture, key conflict factors, and potential business opportunities, provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's on-going, 27-years of war and potential culturally acceptable development pathways.
Informal sources, Somali and non-Somali, were consulted to further identify and verify potential avenues for economic growth, sustainability, educational opportunities, allowing Somalia to emerge from the strife it has endured. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, its products and related requirements, are key components for economic growth and job creation. Investigation, via pilot testing and case studies, was undertaken of technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains. Initial framework elements were evaluated for job and business creation, through unstructured, semi-structured interviews, and questionnaire of Somali officials, and Somali and non-Somali conflict zone development practitioners. The pilot test used a small sample size and is a limitation of this work.
Findings from the literature review, informal discussions, and the pilot test are synthesized into the framework presented in Chapter 5. The framework proposes development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the simultaneous implementation of renewable energy production. It targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industry of Somalia, improving job and business opportunities. The model proposes modification of used shipping containers for the creation of modular elements, to satisfying infrastructural building components to initiate skills practice, job, and business growth.Doctor of Philosophy
The wars and conflicts of various types in Africa have made the continent poorer and prevented development in many countries. One of the major, and seemingly intractable conflict locations, is Somalia located in the East Horn of Africa (EHA). This research provides an understanding of salient facts in Somalia's 27 years of war by examining culture and key conflict factors. The objective of this assessment is to identify potential culturally acceptable pathways that will lead to business opportunities and development as a means of conflict mitigation. The improvement of job opportunities for youth is viewed as a means to offset the current participation in the ongoing conflict. Somali and non-Somali sources were consulted to identify and verify avenues for economic growth, sustainability, and educational opportunities. Visits to Somalia and Somaliland confirmed that livestock, and related products, are key components for development and job creation. Technologies with potential to improve productive capacity and disrupt existing value chains were also evaluated. Findings from informal discussions and a pilot test of a proposed framework are presented. The framework identifies elements for development of an innovative, disruptive, and scalable business model that facilitates the implementation of renewable energy production. In addition, it targets education for the livestock and agroforestry industries, improving job and business opportunities.
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Osborn, Lawrence Andrew. "Recovery-Oriented Services and The Provider-Consumer Relationship: Interdisciplinary Perspectives Of Community Mental Health Care Providers In Virginia." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1355872551.
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Mhango, Muyeyeka Bazuka. "The impact of competition law remedies on the taxation process in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26630.
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Combating the effects of the global recession that hampered the economies of various nations has been endeavoured by many governments since 2008. The South African government’s stand to do this shows that it is possible to return the economy back to its glory days, however, the duration of this process of overturning the same is unknown. The government has raised policies and programs, one of which being the New Growth Path (NGP) to combat these effect. This programme, inter alia, calls for increased government expenditure to facilitate job creation through infrastructure development. It is trite economic principles that government expenditure has to be balanced with its revenue collection, otherwise it might lead to budget deficit. Prolonged budget deficit, naturally, is not ideal for a nation’s economy as the same increases government borrowing, results in higher taxes, and affects inflation. While government revenue is mostly financed through taxes, studies show that increasing taxes is also to the detriment for the economy. Therefore, there is a need for disenable policy stand to be taken in respect of the government’s programme, as well as the generation of revenue to support the same. In this regard, one of the ways being advanced by this research in respect of a better combating the recession is to utilise economic legislations enacted in the country. Amongst other economic legislations in South Africa this paper discusses Income Tax Act (SA ITA) (which regulate the persons to pay income taxes) and Competition Act (which regulate fair competition). The focus of this dissertation revolves around the impact competition law remedies have on the income taxation process. The aim of the research is to analyse the possible loopholes in the current legislation that might hamper a government revenue generation to support its new growth path. This was met through an extensive study of relevant literature in competition and income tax laws in South Africa and also comparative analysis with relevant laws of the United States of America (USA). The main conclusion drawn from this research is that there is an impact of the current competition law remedies on the income taxation process. This research promotes and argues for a change in approach, through government enactment of clear and certain laws both in the field of competition law and tax law. This change would assist government in raising revenue more effectively and achieve it economic growth path and, in turn, combat the global economic crisis that affected the economy.Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mercantile Law
unrestricted
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Jesse, Samantha R. "Secondary Stigma For Professionals Who Work with Marginalized Groups: A Comparative Study." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1445980318.
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Raikar, Sanjeev Vencu. "Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression." Phd thesis, Lincoln University. Bio-Protection and Ecology Division, 2007. http://theses.lincoln.ac.nz/public/adt-NZLIU20080214.105406/.
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Protoplast fusion of Lolium perenne and Lotus corniculatus for gene introgression
by Sanjeev V. Raikar
Lolium perenne is one of the most important forage crops globally and in New Zealand. Lotus corniculatus is a dicotyledonous forage that contains valuable traits such as high levels of condensed tannins, increased digestibility, and high nitrogen fixing abilities. However, conventional breeding between these two forage crops is impossible due to their markedly different taxonomic origin. Protoplast fusion (somatic hybridisation) provides an opportunity for gene introgression between these two species. This thesis describes the somatic hybridisation, the regeneration and the molecular analysis of the putative somatic hybrid plants obtained between L. perenne and L. corniculatus.
Callus and cell suspensions of different cultivars of L. perenne were established from immature embryos and plants were regenerated from the callus. Of the 10 cultivars screened, cultivars Bronsyn and Canon had the highest percentage of callus induction at 36% each on 5 mg/L 2,4-D. Removal of the palea and lemma which form the seed coat was found to increase callus induction ability of the embryos. Plant regeneration from the callus was achieved when the callus was plated on LS medium supplemented with plant growth regulators at different concentrations. Variable responses to shoot regeneration was observed between the different cultivars with the cv Kingston having the lowest frequency of shoot formation (12%).
Different factors affecting the protoplast isolation of L. perenne were investigated. The highest protoplast yield of 10×106 g-1FW was obtained when cell suspensions were used as the tissue source, with enzyme combination A (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. Development of microcolonies was only achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. All the shoots regenerated from the protoplast-derived calli were albino shoots.
The highest protoplast yield (7×106 g-1FW) of L. corniculatus was achieved from cotyledons also with enzyme combination A (Cellulase Onozuka RS 2%, Macerozyme R-10 1%, Driselase 0.5%, Pectolyase 0.2%), for 6 h incubation period in 0.6 M mannitol. The highest plating efficiency for L. corniculatus of 1.57 % was achieved when protoplasts were plated on nitrocellulose membrane with a L. perenne feeder layer on PEL medium. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (46%) was achieved when calli were plated on LS medium with NAA (0.1 mg/L) and BA (0.1 mg/L).
Protoplast fusion between L. perenne and L. corniculatus was performed using the asymmetric somatic hybridisation technique using PEG as the fusogen. L. perenne protoplasts were treated with 0.1 mM IOA for 15 min and L. corniculatus protoplasts were treated with UV at 0.15 J/cm2 for 10 min. Various parameters affecting the fusion percentage were investigated. Successful fusions were obtained when the fusions were conducted on a plastic surface with 35% PEG (3350 MW) for 25 min duration, followed by 100 mM calcium chloride treatment for 25 min. A total of 14 putative fusion colonies were recovered. Shoots were regenerated from 8 fusion colonies. Unexpectedly, the regenerated putative hybrid plants resembled L. corniculatus plants.
The flow cytometric profile of the putative somatic hybrids resembled that of L. corniculatus. Molecular analysis using SD-AFLP, SCARs and Lolium specific chloroplast microsatellite markers suggest that the putative somatic hybrids could be L. corniculatus escapes from the asymmetric protoplast fusion process. This thesis details a novel Whole Genome Amplification technique for plants using Strand Displacement Amplification technique.
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Steenhuisen, Maria Jacoba. "The knowledge continuum as an enabler for growth and sustainability in the South African basic education system / Mariè Steenhuisen." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/9207.
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The poor state and failure of the basic education system in South Africa gave rise to this research. The wave of knowledge loss experienced in the last two decades is expected to carry on and will continue to deplete the basic education system’s knowledge base, severely affecting the already poor quality of education as well as the future economic growth and sustainability in South Africa.
The main research objective was to establish whether future growth and sustainability in the basic education system in South Africa is achievable; which factors it is influenced by; and how knowledge continuity could impact on future growth and sustainability. A multidisciplinary approach focusing on organisational performance, knowledge management, individual and organisational behaviour and organisational development was followed.
The nature of growth and sustainability and knowledge continuity in organisations was explored by following a contextualisation theory-building process.
The main objective of the empirical research study was to determine by means of quantitative research the degree to which the influencing factors would enhance or impede growth and sustainability in an organisation. A quantitative survey method was followed. A questionnaire was developed and the survey was performed in 6 primary and secondary schools of the basic education system in South Africa. The questionnaire was found to be reliable with a Cronbach’s alpha of .8060.
In the descriptive factor analysis process, principal component factor analysis was conducted, which described the five constructs that would influence growth and sustainability. These constructs’ dimensions produced significant intercorrelations which indicate that the dimensions are for the most part intercorrelated with each other in contributing to growth and sustainability.
The multiple regression analysis indicated that knowledge loss would have an exceptionally strong impact on knowledge; and that knowledge, information and performance would significantly predict growth and sustainability. Organisations should change the focus for growth from physical assets to the development of intellectual capital, and knowledge continuity should form part of an organisations’ business strategy and mission. Knowledge continuity will only be successful if a culture conducive of trust and knowledge sharing and transfer exist, and are supported by effective and appropriate human resource practices and incentives.
A structural equation model development strategy produced a knowledge continuity model aimed at enabling future growth and sustainability, based on the constructs confirmed in the factor analysis. The model indicated that there is a direct causal relationship between knowledge, information and performance with growth and sustainability. The regression analysis showed that most of the intercorrelations are significant, thus confirming the theory.
The newly developed questionnaire and structural equation model should enable organisations to measure the degree to which the enhancing individual and organisational behavioural factors of growth and sustainability are in place and provide the measurement outcomes that would identify the factors that need to be focused on to improve and enable future growth and sustainability in an organisation.Thesis (MBA)--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013.