Relevant bibliographies by topics / Job competition

Contents

  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Job competition'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Job competition"

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Pierrard, Olivier. "Commuters, residents and job competition." Regional Science and Urban Economics 38, no. 6 (November 2008): 565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.regsciurbeco.2008.04.003.

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Kippenberger, T. "Competition isn’t someone else’s job!" Antidote 5, no. 6 (November 2000): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eum0000000006860.

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Gal-Or, Esther. "Job Securityand Product Market Competition." Journal of Economics Management Strategy 1, no. 2 (June 1992): 313–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1430-9134.1992.00313.x.

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Albert, Christoph. "The Labor Market Impact of Immigration: Job Creation versus Job Competition." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 35–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190042.

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This paper studies the labor market effects of both documented and undocumented immigration in a search model featuring nonrandom hiring. As immigrants accept lower wages, they are preferably chosen by firms and therefore have higher job finding rates than natives, consistent with evidence found in US data. Immigration leads to the creation of additional jobs but also raises competition for natives. The dominant effect depends on the fall in wage costs, which is larger for undocumented immigration than it is for legal immigration. The model predicts a dominating job creation effect for the former, reducing natives’ unemployment rate, but not for the latter. (JEL E24, J15, J23, J31, J61, M51)
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Longhi, Simonetta. "Job Competition and the Wage Curve." Regional Studies 46, no. 5 (May 2012): 611–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00343404.2010.521145.

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Dluhosch, Barbara, and Daniel Horgos. "International Competition Intensified: Job Satisfaction Sacrificed?" Social Indicators Research 143, no. 2 (August 22, 2018): 479–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11205-018-1982-4.

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Huang, Xianbi. "Market Penetration, Institutional Niches and Job Searches in Reforming China." China Quarterly 232 (June 15, 2017): 1070–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741017000960.

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AbstractUsing an institutional perspective, this paper explores coexisting job search methods in reforming China. Analysis of the 2003 Chinese General Social Survey data shows that China's labour markets are segmented into institutional niches by two key factors: the type of ownership of work organization and the status of the work organization in the market. The effectiveness of job search methods varies across the different institutional niches. Hierarchical arrangements and social networks remain powerful means of obtaining jobs in the state sector, including both monopolistic and competitive work organizations, while job searches using a market-oriented method are comparatively useful for winning jobs in the non-state sector irrespective of whether organizations are competitive or monopolistic in terms of market competition. This paper not only illustrates the value of an institutional approach to labour market research but also reveals the scope of market penetration in China's emerging labour markets.
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Bartling, Björn, Ernst Fehr, and Klaus M. Schmidt. "Screening, Competition, and Job Design: Economic Origins of Good Jobs." American Economic Review 102, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 834–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.2.834.

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High-performance work systems give workers more discretion, thereby increasing effort productivity but also shirking opportunities. We show experimentally that screening for work attitude and labor market competition are causal determinants of the viability of high-performance work systems, and we identify the complementarities between discretion, rent-sharing, and screening that render them profitable. Two fundamentally distinct job designs emerge endogenously in our experiments: “bad” jobs with low discretion, low wages, and little rent-sharing, and “good” jobs with high discretion, high wages, and substantial rent-sharing. Good jobs are profitable only if employees can be screened, and labor market competition fosters their dissemination. (JEL D12, D82, J24, J31, J41, M12, M54)
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Antonelli, Karla, Anne Steverson, and Jamie O'Mally. "College Graduates with Visual Impairments: A Report on Seeking and Finding Employment." Journal of Visual Impairment & Blindness 112, no. 1 (January 2018): 33–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0145482x1811200104.

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Introduction Career mentoring can help college graduates with legal blindness to address employment barriers. Data on specific employment outcomes and job search experiences for this population can inform job-seeking strategies for students, mentors, and service providers. Methods A longitudinal study evaluated job-seeking activities and employment outcomes for college students with legal blindness, half of whom were randomly assigned to work with a career mentor who was also legally blind and working in the same field. Students reported job search activities and experiences, and those employed reported job details including position, compensation, and satisfaction. Results Students spent a considerable amount of time job seeking, and reported low interviews-to-applications ratios. Trends indicated that students with mentors spent less time and effort in their job searches. Students identified challenges including job market competition, employer bias, and transportation issues. Students who found employment worked in varied fields, often in professional or skilled positions with competitive salaries. Discussion College students with legal blindness can achieve successful employment in competitive positions, but they may require an effortful job search to address well-known employment barriers for this population. Experienced mentors may provide guidance for a more focused and efficient job search. Implications for practitioners Invested time and effort are aspects of job seeking that students can control. Mentors can assist college students with legal blindness on those aspects, freeing time and resources to deal with systemic challenges such as employer attitudes and competition.
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YIN, Xiao-Chuan, and Zu-Mei XUE. "Job Burnout Scale for Competition Sport Coaches." Acta Psychologica Sinica 41, no. 6 (August 11, 2009): 545–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1041.2009.00545.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Job competition"

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Chasampoulli, Antri N. "Job competition over the business cycle." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/3151.

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Thesis (Ph. D.) -- University of Maryland, College Park, 2005.
Thesis research directed by: Economics. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
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Figerl, Jürgen, and Thomas Grandner. "Job quality and wages in duopsony." Inst. für Volkswirtschaftstheorie und -politik, WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2008. http://epub.wu.ac.at/1304/1/document.pdf.

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In a simple oligopsonistic model, firms compete for labour through wages and job qualities. We modify the product market model developed by Vandenbosch/Weinberg 1995 and apply it to the job market with jobs being defined by two vertically differentiated non-wage characteristics. Workers differ in their valuation of these two characteristics but do not differ in their productivity. In equilibrium firms offer different wages and differ in only one of these non-wage characteristics. Whereas our labour market model is based on firms, we apply subclasses according to the UK SIC(2003) in our empirical analysis. When comparing subclasses within selected sectors (WERS) we found evidence that firms compete in both wages and job qualities. (author´s abstract)
Series: Department of Economics Working Paper Series
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Eriksson, Stefan. "The persistence of unemployment : does competition between employed and unemployed job applicants matter? /." Uppsala : Univ. Department of economics, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy042/2003504673.html.

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Eriksson, Stefan. "The persistence of unemployment : does competition between employed and umemployed job applicants matter? /." Uppsala, Sweden : Dept. of Economics, Uppsala universitet, 2002. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy042/2003504673.html.

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Dejemeppe, Muriel. "Unemployment persistence in Belgium: An in-depth econometric analysis of the flows out of unemployment." Université catholique de Louvain, 2002. http://edoc.bib.ucl.ac.be:81/ETD-db/collection/available/BelnUcetd-06072002-084825/.

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Finding an explanation for the rise and persistence of European unemployment has been one of the main research programmes of labour economists during the last decade. In this doctoral thesis, we contribute to this literature by questioning the causes of unemployment persistence in Belgium. To that purpose, we conduct an in-depth econometric analysis of the flows out of unemployment in this country. In Chapters 2 and 3, we study the behaviour of the exit rate out of unemployment over duration and calendar time. In Chapter 3, we investigate whether this behaviour differs according to the place of living and the skill level, as measured by the level of education. Finally, in Chapter 4, we determine to what extent the divergences in the rate of flowing from unemployment between workers with different levels of education can be explained by a skill mismatch phenomenon and/or by a job competition story. By refining the causes of unemployment persistence in Belgium, our doctoral research also contributes to the design of more effective labour market policies.
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Valenzuela, Abel. "Immigrants, minority workers, and job competition : a comparative analysis of New York and Los Angeles, 1970-1980." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/11133.

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Mhango, Muyeyeka Bazuka. "The impact of competition law remedies on the taxation process in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26630.

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Combating the effects of the global recession that hampered the economies of various nations has been endeavoured by many governments since 2008. The South African government’s stand to do this shows that it is possible to return the economy back to its glory days, however, the duration of this process of overturning the same is unknown. The government has raised policies and programs, one of which being the New Growth Path (NGP) to combat these effect. This programme, inter alia, calls for increased government expenditure to facilitate job creation through infrastructure development. It is trite economic principles that government expenditure has to be balanced with its revenue collection, otherwise it might lead to budget deficit. Prolonged budget deficit, naturally, is not ideal for a nation’s economy as the same increases government borrowing, results in higher taxes, and affects inflation. While government revenue is mostly financed through taxes, studies show that increasing taxes is also to the detriment for the economy. Therefore, there is a need for disenable policy stand to be taken in respect of the government’s programme, as well as the generation of revenue to support the same. In this regard, one of the ways being advanced by this research in respect of a better combating the recession is to utilise economic legislations enacted in the country. Amongst other economic legislations in South Africa this paper discusses Income Tax Act (SA ITA) (which regulate the persons to pay income taxes) and Competition Act (which regulate fair competition). The focus of this dissertation revolves around the impact competition law remedies have on the income taxation process. The aim of the research is to analyse the possible loopholes in the current legislation that might hamper a government revenue generation to support its new growth path. This was met through an extensive study of relevant literature in competition and income tax laws in South Africa and also comparative analysis with relevant laws of the United States of America (USA). The main conclusion drawn from this research is that there is an impact of the current competition law remedies on the income taxation process. This research promotes and argues for a change in approach, through government enactment of clear and certain laws both in the field of competition law and tax law. This change would assist government in raising revenue more effectively and achieve it economic growth path and, in turn, combat the global economic crisis that affected the economy.
Dissertation (LLM)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Mercantile Law
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Turon, Helene. "Unemployment dynamics : duration dependence, unemployment flows, equilibrium and disequilibrium." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390798.

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Andersson, Linda. "Essays on job turnover, productivity and state-local finance." Doctoral thesis, Umeå universitet, Nationalekonomi, 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-141096.

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This thesis consists of four self-contained papers on job turnover, productivity and state- local finance. Paper [I] deals with the determinants of the rate of job turnover defined as the change in distribution of employment between and within industries in Swedish manufacturing. The rate of inter-industry job turnover is driven by the dispersion of profit changes among industries. Shifts in international competitiveness among industries seem to play a central role in the explanation of this pattern. The rate of intra-industry job turnover has been higher in industries with many small plants, low profit margins and high import penetration. Paper [II] analyzes the impact of openness on total factor productivity (TFP) growth. Using Swedish industry level data the results show that economically integrated industries tend to be more engaged in research and development (R&D) and have more entry and exit activity than other industries. The domestic R&D intensity does not contribute to the TFP growth rate. Instead, the results imply that openness to international markets, which helps facilitate technology spillovers, has a significant impact on the growth rate. There is also some evidence suggesting that producers exiting the market are less productive, implying that such exits will increase the average productivity of the industry concerned. The purpose of Paper [III] is to design and implement a test of whether the external effect from tax base sharing among local and regional governments is internalized via the intergovernmental transfer system. The test is based on the observation that if the external effect is internalized, an increase in the income tax rate at one level of government will induce the other level to reduce its income tax rate by the corresponding amount, leaving the effective tax rate unchanged. By using panel data for the Swedish local and regional public sectors, we estimate the reaction function for the local income tax rate. The results imply that an increase in the regional income tax rate induces the municipalities in the region to decrease their income tax rates. In addition, we are able to reject the null hypothesis that the external effect from tax base sharing is internalized. Paper [IV] concerns risk-sharing, in terms of how the central government smooths personal income among municipalities via the tax and transfer systems. Using Swedish panel data, the results show that the national tax and transfer systems mitigate an adverse shock to income of one krona so that disposable income falls by 67 öre, on average. However, there are large differences across regions, where the effect on disposable income varies between 32 and 78 öre in the krona.
digitalisering@umu
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Kereme, Philip Tene, and n/a. "Youth unemployment and schooling in relation to human resources development in Papua New Guinea." University of Canberra. Teacher Education, 1997. http://erl.canberra.edu.au./public/adt-AUC20050712.120913.

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Books on the topic "Job competition"

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Attfield, C. L. F. A model of job matching and job competition. Bristol: University of Bristol, Department of Economics, 1992.

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Hoskins, M. D. Job competition and the entry to work. Leicester: University ofLeicester. Department of Economics, 1989.

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Chéron, Arnaud. The "dynamic" of job competition during the ICT revolution. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2007.

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Öffentlichkeitsarbeit, Germany Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft Referat. More jobs for a better future: Federal government initiatives. Bonn: Bundesministerium für Wirtschaft, 1996.

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Patmore, Angela. Sportsmen under stress. London: Paul, 1986.

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Ayodele, A. 'Sesan. Labour, output, and employment connection in Nigeria: The job-competition orthodoxy. Ibadan: Nigerian Institute of Social and Economic Research, 2003.

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Ortiz de Zevallos M., Felipe., ed. Competir y crear empleo: El reto 2001. Lima, Perú: Empresa Editora El Comercio, 2001.

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Forlizzi, Lori. Regaining the competitive edge: Are we up to the job? [Dubuque, Iowa: Published jointly by the Kettering Foundation and the Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1991.

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Eriksson, Stefan. The persistence of unemployment: Does competition between employed and umemployed job applicants matter? Uppsala, Sweden: Dept. of Economics, Uppsala universitet, 2002.

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Corfield, Rebecca. Knockout job interview presentations: How to present with confidence, beat the competition and impress your way into a top job. Philadelphia: Kogan Page Limited, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Job competition"

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Crandall, Robert W. "Local and Long Distance Competition: Replacing Regulation with Competition." In Communications Deregulation and FCC Reform: Finishing the Job, 53–78. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1521-0_4.

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White, Roger. "Import Competition and the Probability of Job Displacement." In Making Sense of Anti-trade Sentiment, 109–35. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137373250_7.

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Mosk, Carl. "Competition and Cooperation: Wage Profiles, Job Retention, and Dualism." In Competition and Cooperation in Japanese Labour Markets, 156–94. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230377912_5.

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Eldering, Charles A. "Technology and Competition: A Five-Year Outlook for The Telecommunications Marketplace." In Communications Deregulation and FCC Reform: Finishing the Job, 21–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1521-0_3.

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Baranowska, Anna. "From Guaranteed Employment to Job Competition: The Flexibilization of the Polish Labour Market." In Globalized Labour Markets and Social Inequality in Europe, 236–58. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230319882_9.

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Lockshin, Richard A. "Competition Among Species." In The Joy of Science, 335–40. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6099-1_24.

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Blicq, Ron S. "Job Hunting: Sharpening Your Competitive Edge." In Writing and Speaking in the Technology Professions, 59–68. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119134633.ch12.

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Lemieux, Pierre. "Exchange, Competition, and the Division of Labor." In Who Needs Jobs?, 59–70. New York: Palgrave Macmillan US, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137353511_6.

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Sun, Hongyang, Yangjie Cao, and Wen-Jing Hsu. "Competitive Two-Level Adaptive Scheduling Using Resource Augmentation." In Job Scheduling Strategies for Parallel Processing, 207–31. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-04633-9_12.

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Lockshin, Richard A. "The Industrial Revolution, Population Potential, Malthus, Social Pressure, and Competition." In The Joy of Science, 149–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6099-1_10.

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Conference papers on the topic "Job competition"

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Kleinberg, Jon, and Sigal Oren. "Dynamic Models of Reputation and Competition in Job-Market Matching." In ITCS'15: Innovations in Theoretical Computer Science. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2688073.2688091.

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Özcan, Irfan, Gökhan Aba, and Metin Ateş. "The Effect of Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction of Nurses on Anticipated Turnover." In International Conference on Eurasian Economies. Eurasian Economists Association, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.36880/c07.01592.

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Today, there is an intense competition regarding the provision of private health services. In the context of such competition, it is important to provide that health personnel commit to their jobs and have job satisfaction in order for hospitals to thrive. However, perceptions and cognitions related to leaving employment are affected due to the specific features of health services and due to the heavy workload of personnel. The current study was conducted in order to determine the effect of organizational commitment and job satisfaction on employee turnover rates among health personnel. A total of 415 nurses who were employed in 5 private hospitals located in Istanbul completed questionnaires. In the study, expected employee turnover, organizational commitment, and job satisfaction scales were administered. Data was analyzed using the SPSS 17.0 software. It was found that expected employee turnover levels showed significant differences according to the demographic features of the nurses. In addition, employee turnover rates were negatively related to organizational commitment and job satisfaction. According to this, employee turnover levels decrease as organizational commitment and job satisfaction increase. Based on these results, it is recommended that hospital administrations should place importance on programs that aim to increase organizational commitment and job satisfaction among nurses in order to reduce employee turnover rates.
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Xiaomei, Yang, Zeng Jianchao, Liang Jiye, and Liang Jiahua. "A Genetic Algorithm for Job Shop Scheduling Problem Using Co-evolution and Competition Mechanism." In 2010 International Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Computational Intelligence (AICI). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aici.2010.151.

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Jing, Wang. "Practice Teaching on Packaging Design Based on Combination of On-the-job Training and Competition." In the 2018 International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3194188.3194201.

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Gunadi, Ariawan, and Indah Siti Aprilia. "Corporate Criminal in Prohibition of Monopolistic Practices and Business Competition Based on the Indonesian Job-Creation Act." In International Conference on Economics, Business, Social, and Humanities (ICEBSH 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210805.234.

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Prabowo, Agung, Rosmiati, and Ika S. Windiarti. "Cross-cultural training as part of policy and business strategies to prepare Indonesian IT engineers in global job market competition." In 2017 4th International Conference on Computer Applications and Information Processing Technology (CAIPT). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/caipt.2017.8320673.

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Luan, Qinglin. "Illustrated by the Case of Xi an: Job Competition Between Urban Loser and Rural Winner in Second-Tier Cities of China." In 2013 International Conference on the Modern Development of Humanities and Social Science. Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/mdhss-13.2013.98.

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Xu, Jiajun, Sasan Haghani, Giancarlo D'Orazio, and Carlos Velazquez. "Student Experiential Learning Through Design and Development of a Subsurface Melting Head for NASA RASCAL-Special Edition Competition." In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23287.

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Abstract In order for students to enhance their understanding of engineering concepts, hands-on experience proves to be essential. Incorporating the design component in undergraduate engineering education has been an immediate and pressing concern for educators, professional societies, industrial employers and agencies concerned with national productivity and competitiveness. It is crucial to enhance undergraduate design and research experiences to meet both societal needs and the growing job-market demands. The University of the District of Columbia (UDC), the District of Columbia’s only public institution of higher education, and a historically black college and university (HBCU), had recently modernized its undergraduate curricula in engineering to meet that need. This paper presents a case study of recent implementation of student experiential learning approach through undergraduate research experience course (MECH 302). This student group participated in the 2019 US National Aeronautics and Space Administration Revolutionary Aerospace Systems Concepts – Academic Linkages (RASC-AL) Challenge, in which they will develop concepts that may provide full or partial solutions to specific design problems and challenges currently facing human space exploration.
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Michael, Andreas. "The True Market Value of a Good Petroleum Engineer: A Technical Perspective." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206272-ms.

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Abstract Defined by SPE as the application of basic and engineering sciences to the finding, development, and recovery of oil, gas and other resources from wells, petroleum engineering (PE) has been throughout the years falsely thought of as an amalgamation of other disciplines applied to the exploration and recovery of hydrocarbons. Integrating all PE subdisciplines in a manner efficient for teaching and learning is essential for securing the abundance of well-rounded market-attractive professionals. This paper discusses advantages individuals with PE background experience should exhibit in their employment in the oil and gas industry and academia. There is no point for students in going to school for a degree that will not hand them a competitive edge within their discipline. For graduate PEs, the job market is dependent on the quality of their respective academic programs and by extension to the quality of the teaching faculty. A steady oil and gas job market may not necessarily warrant robust employment opportunities, particularly straight after graduation. In a discipline like PE, where almost everything that matters takes place thousands of feet underground, apportioning credit for successes or responsibility for failures is itself a challenge. Decreases in student enrollments in PE programs reported by various universities during times of low oil and gas prices poses questions about the future of the PEs discipline, despite the steady demand for oil and gas in the world's energy mix. Academic programs interested in facilitating a smooth transition of their graduates into the industry should work in conjunction with practitioners to provide the correct balance between theory and practice in their coursework ensuring that once employment opportunities are created, they get filled with candidates of relevant education and training. PE degree-holding candidates should be the natural first choice for PE positions. This means that their educational and professional backgrounds should be providing them with an undisputed advantage which places them a leg above candidates from other disciplines. For instance, for a well completions job opening, there should not be a better alternative than a good PE specialized in well completions. If every PE graduate comes out of his or her program with a skillset which is superior to that of his or her competition, he or she will be the preferred choice for an oil and gas job.
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Sadeghipour, Sadegh M., and Mehdi Asheghi. "Design in the Thermal Fluids Engineering." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-62116.

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Design is seen as the magic word and being a design engineer is considered to be the key to success in the job market by many of the mechanical engineering students. However, it is always assumed that the mechanical systems not the thermal engineers are indeed design engineers by education and practice. This notion probably stems from the fact that most of the thermal fluid courses in mechanical engineering curriculum seem to have been defined and developed to prepare undergraduate students for going to graduate school rather than the job market. The undergraduate courses usually emphasize on the theories with less attention to the design and application aspects. Perhaps, the responsibility of thermal engineering educators is to correct this notion by emphasizing more on the application and design in the existing courses or alternatively to develop and offer new courses on more applied topics. In this paper, we will report an integrated approach in teaching topics in fins and fin assemblies, which includes class lectures, laboratory experiments, ANSYS simulations and design competition. In this manuscript, we will report on the details of this approach including the procedures, methods, our observations, and the students’ feedbacks.
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Reports on the topic "Job competition"

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Islam Molla, Tahmidul, and Jung Ha-Brookshire. Job Responsibilities of Textile and Apparel Supply Chain Managers: From Mentzer’s Key Drivers of Competitive Advantage Perspective. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, November 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/itaa_proceedings-180814-122.

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Flory, Jeffrey, Andreas Leibbrandt, and John List. Do Competitive Work Places Deter Female Workers? A Large-Scale Natural Field Experiment on Gender Differences in Job-Entry Decisions. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w16546.

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Bakhtiar, M. Mehrab, Abu Sonchoy, Muhammad Meki, and Simon Quinn. Virtual Migration through Online Freelancing: Evidence from Bangladesh. Digital Pathways at Oxford, August 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-dp-wp_2021/03.

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Abstract:
Youth unemployment is a major issue in many developing countries, particularly in locations not well connected with large urban markets. A limited number of available job opportunities in urban centres may reduce the benefit of policies that encourage rural–urban migration. In this project, we investigated the feasibility of ‘virtual migration’, by training rural youth in Bangladesh to become online freelancers, enabling them to export their labour services to a global online marketplace. We did this by setting up a ‘freelancing incubator’, which provided the necessary workspace and infrastructure – specifically, high-speed internet connectivity and computers. Close mentoring was also provided to participants to assist in navigating the competitive online marketplace. We show the exciting potential of online work for improving the incomes of poor youth in developing countries. We also highlight the constraints to this type of work: financing constraints for the high training cost, access to the necessary work infrastructure, and soft skills requirements to succeed in the market. We also shed light on some promising possibilities for innovative financial contracts and for ‘freelancing incubators’ or ‘virtual exporting companies’ to assist students in their sourcing of work and skills development.
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