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1
Ruiz Soriano, Francesc. "Ideologia i estètica a una revista de l’exili, «Lletres» (1944-1948) d’Agustí Bartra." Caplletra. Revista Internacional de Filologia, no. 75 (November 8, 2023): 55. http://dx.doi.org/10.7203/caplletra.75.26826.
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Les revistes catalanes de l’exili van jugar un paper important en la defensa de la llengua i la literatura de postguerra, entre les quals destaca la revista Lletres (1944-1948), creada per Agustí Bartra a Mèxic. L’article estudia les seves característiques, marcades per un vessant mític i simbòlic de la mà d’escriptors com Jordi Vallès, Pere Calders o Joan Roura-Parella que veia en l’art una projecció espiritual per a l’educació humana, trets de caire neoromàntic que influïren en l’estètica compromesa de Bartra. A més a més d’analitzar els antecedents de la publicació com el Full Català (1941-1942) i les polèmiques que hi va haver entre alguns dels col·laboradors, sobretot amb Joan Sales i Ferran de Pol, controvèrsia que continuaria a Quaderns de l’exili (1943-1947), s’estudia el nucli fundacional, els propòsits i el contingut dels números de la revista.
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Cohen, Beverly S. "Obituary: Joan M. Daisey (1941-2000)." Aerosol Science and Technology 33, no. 5 (November 2000): 388–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02786820050204646.
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Samuelson, Paul A. "A Modern Post-Mortem on Böhm's Capital Theory: Its Vital Normative Flaw Shared by Presraffian Mainstream Capital Theory." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 23, no. 3 (September 2001): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10427710120073591.
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The Nobel Prize of Piero Sraffa and Joan Robinson that Stockholm never awarded might have pleased at least one of them. Its citation would have included: “Their investigations uncovered a fatal normative flaw in Böhm-Bawerkian and modern mainstream capital theory.”Just prior to Alfred Marshall's 1890 ascendancy as leading world economist, Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk (1851–1914) perhaps wore that crown thanks to his three-volume treatise on the history and fundamentals of interest theories. Böhm (1884, 1889, 1909, 1912) somewhat independently followed in the footsteps of Stanley Jevons (1871) and himself strongly stimulated Knut Wicksell (1893), Irving Fisher (1906, 1907, 1930), and Friedrich Hayek (1931, 1941). Pugnacious and somewhat incoherent, Böhm and his disciples battled cogently the competing school of John Bates Clark (1899) and Frank Knight (1934, 1935a, 1935b), which idealized a permanent scalar capital alleged to be virtually permanent and with a marginal productivity determining its interest rate in much the same way that primary labor's marginal productivity determines its real wage rate and primary land's marginal productivity determines its real rent rate(s). The Clark-Knight paradigm—and, for that matter, Frank Ramsey's 1928 mathematical clone—shares the Böhm-Hayek vital normative flaw.
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YASUDA, Keishi. "Reflexiones sobre la pintura surrealista de Joan Miró (1923-1941)." HISPANICA / HISPÁNICA 2006, no. 50 (2006): 157–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4994/hispanica1965.2006.157.
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Pérez Segura, Javier. "Apostando por Joan Miró. El protagonismo de la revista Parnassus entre 1932 y 1941." Archivo Español de Arte 89, no. 355 (September 30, 2016): 269–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/aearte.2016.18.
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Falconer, Kenneth, Peter M. Gruber, Adam Ostaszewski, and Trevor Stuart. "Claude Ambrose Rogers. 1 November 1920 — 5 December 2005." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 61 (January 2015): 403–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2015.0007.
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Claude Ambrose Rogers and his identical twin brother, Stephen Clifford, were born in Cambridge in 1920 and came from a long scientific heritage. Their great-great-grandfather, Davies Gilbert, was President of the Royal Society from 1827 to 1830; their father was a Fellow of the Society and distinguished for his work in tropical medicine. After attending boarding school at Berkhamsted with his twin brother from the age of 8 years, Ambrose, who had developed very different scientific interests from those of his father, entered University College London in 1938 to study mathematics. He completed the course in 1940 and graduated in 1941 with first-class honours, by which time the UK had been at war with Germany for two years. He joined the Applied Ballistics Branch of the Ministry of Supply in 1940, where he worked until 1945, apparently on calculations using radar data to direct anti-aircraft fire. However, this did not lead to research interests in applied mathematics, but rather to several areas of pure mathematics. Ambrose's PhD research was at Birkbeck College, London, under the supervision of L. S. Bosanquet and R. G. Cooke. Although his first paper was a short note on linear transformations of convergent series, his substantive early work was on the geometry of numbers. Later, Rogers became known for his very wide interests in mathematics, including not only geometry of numbers but also Hausdorff measures, convexity and analytic sets, as described in this memoir. Ambrose was married in 1952 to Joan North, and they had two daughters, Jane and Petra, to form a happy family.
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Génin, Isabelle. "Giono, Translator or Reader of Moby-Dick?" TTR 27, no. 1 (July 27, 2016): 17–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1037117ar.
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The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.
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Caldeira, Rodrigo. "Poesia e composição: considerações sobre uma das “teses” de João Cabral de Melo Neto." Revista Odisseia 6, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 92–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.21680/1983-2435.2021v6n1id22995.
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Mais conhecido por sua obra poética, João Cabral de Melo Neto (1920-1999) é, também, autor de um valioso material crítico em prosa que, desde a primeira reunião em 1997, tem despertado interesse e contribuído para uma melhor compreensão do seu projeto literário. Destas “teses” — como o próprio autor se referia a alguns desses trabalhos — destacam os três primeiros: “Considerações sobre o poeta dormindo” (1941), “Joan Miró” (1950) e “Poesia e composição” (1952). O propósito deste artigo é, portanto, apresentar algumas considerações acerca do pensamento crítico desenvolvido por Cabral no texto “Poesia e composição”, destacando os conceitos originais de “poetas fáceis” e de “poetas difíceis” desenvolvidos pelo autor de modo a contribuir para as discussões sobre este tema. Apoiam esta leitura os trabalhos de Lima (2002), Carvalho (2009), Siscar (2018) e Pessôa (2019).
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Rood, Sarah, and Katherine Sheedy. "Frank Fenner." Microbiology Australia 30, no. 3 (2009): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma09s41.
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Frank John Fenner was born in Ballarat in 1914 and moved to Adelaide as a young child. He completed his undergraduate studies in medicine (1938) at the University of Adelaide, before obtaining a Diploma of Tropical Medicine (University of Sydney, 1940) and later a Doctor of Medicine (University of Adelaide, 1942). During World War II, Fenner served in the Australian Army Medical Corps, as a field ambulance medical officer, pathologist and malariologist. For his work in combating malaria in Papua New Guinea, Fenner received the award Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in 1944.
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León, Pablo. "Reseña de: Joan M. THOMÀS, La batalla del wolframio. Estados Unidos y España de Pearl Harbor a la Guerra Fría (1941-1947), Madrid, Cátedra, 2010." Historia del Presente, no. 24 (December 1, 2014): 189–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hdp.24.2014.40697.
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León, Pablo. "Reseña de: Joan M. Thomàs, La batalla del wolframio. Estados Unidos y España de Pearl Harbor a la Guerra Fría (1941-1947), Madrid, Cátedra, 2010." Historia del Presente, no. 26 (December 1, 2015): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/hdp.26.2015.40639.
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Al-Douri, Hamdi Hameed. "T. S. Eliot's Four Quartets and St. John of the Cross." JOURNAL OF LANGUAGE STUDIES 2, no. 3 (August 22, 2023): 1–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.25130/jls.2.3.1.
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Four Quartets (1942) is a sequence of four poems:'Burnt Norton' (1936), 'East Coker' (1940), 'The Dry Salvages'(1941) and 'Little Gidding' (1942). The main sources of themystical symbols in T.S. Eliot's masterpiece, Four Quartets,are some of Saint John of the Cross's writings and this has notbeen given its due of study. This paper aims at exploring St.John of the Cross's influence on Eliot's Four Quartets,especially his Dark Night of the Soul and The Ascent ofMount Carmel. The downward movement, the descent intothe inner darkness and the symbols of ascending anddescending of the stairs in Eliot's poems were among theoutstanding mystical symbols used by John of the Cross. Eliotalso strongly echoes John of the Cross in his emphases thatone must die to self and undergo mortification of the bodybefore one can hope for the perfect union of the soul withGod. The paper attempts to investigate Eliot's use of these andother symbols relating them to their counterparts in the worksof St. John of the Cross .
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Twidale, C., and Jennie Bourne. "International Science ‘Down Under’: The British Association Meeting in Australia, August 1914, with Special Reference to Related Activities in Adelaide." Earth Sciences History 21, no. 2 (January 1, 2002): 166–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/eshi.21.2.781x2353l6320534.
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From 8-12 August 1914, the British Association for the Advancement of Science, meeting in Australia, descended on Adelaide. The meeting included delegates from a dozen overseas countries, including many from the United Kingdom. Amongst the visiting geologists were Arthur Philemon Coleman (1852-1939) and William Morris Davis (1850-1934), Rollin Thomas Chamberlin (1881-1948) and John Walter Gregory (1864-1932), Albrecht Penck (1858-1945) and Johannes Walther (1860-1937), Alexander du Toit (1878-1948) and Hartley Travers Ferrar (1879-1932), George William Lamplugh (1859-1926) and Sydney Hugh Reynolds (1867-1949), as well as the home-based T. W. Edgeworth David (1858-1934) and Ernest Willington Skeats (1875-1953). The proceedings created immense public interest and brought science to the people in a way never before achieved in Australia. That the meeting proceeded at all is a tribute to the Australian Government, the Association, and the conference organisers, as well as the participants, for the First World War had been declared only a few days before the meeting. The interactions between the home population and the delegates, and between delegates, provide an enlightening commentary on the values and standards of our world almost a century ago.
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Haliv, Mykola, and Anna Ohar. "SOVIET REPRESSIONS AGAINST THE CLERGE OF THE GREEK CATHOLIC CHURCH IN 1944–1947 (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FR. IVAN KOTIV’S BIOGRAPHY)." Problems of humanities. History, no. 6/48 (April 27, 2021): 319–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.24919/2312-2595.6/48.228500.
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Summary. Based on the prosopographic approach and analysis of the Fr. Ivan Kotiv biography the article studies the forms and methods of Soviet repressions against the Greek Catholic clergy. The purpose of the article is on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv to analyze and cover the repressive activities against the Greek Catholic Church in 1944–1947. The research methodology is based on prosopographic approach, principles of historicism, scientific, authorial objectivity, application of general scientific (deduction, induction, analysis, synthesis, generalization) and special historical (historical-genetic, historical-systemic, historical-typological) methods. The novelty of the study is that for the first time in Ukrainian historical science an attempt has been made to shed light on the repressive activities of the Soviet authorities against the Greek Catholic clergy through the prism of a prosographic analysis of the activities of Fr. Ivan Kotiv, one of the informal leaders of the Greek Catholic clergy in the liquidation of the GCC. The Conclusions. Thus, on the example of the relations of the Soviet special bodies with Fr. Ivan Kotiv analyzed and covered the repressive activities against the GCC in 1944–1946. In our opinion, the repressive policy of the Soviet authorities towards the clergy of the GCC during the outlined period can be divided into several stages: 1) stage of "soft pressure" (August 1944 – March 1945), which was characterized by careful study and analysis of the internal situation of the GCC, personality traits of leading figures among the Greek Catholic clergy, gradual propaganda and intelligence training of the Union Church to join the ROC, dissemination of rhetoric individually and through the media and study the clergy the idea; 2) the stage of organizational and repressive pressure (April 1945 – March 1946), which was marked by the arrests of the top of the GCC, the creation and operation of the CIG, neutralization of opposition attempts led by K. Sheptytsky and I. Kotiv to conduct special operations to "reunite" churches; 3) the stage of total repressions against the clergy, which did not recognize the decisions of the Lviv Pseudo-Council (March 1946 – May 1947). In fact, all these stages are quite clearly traced in the relationship of Fr. I. Kotiv with the Soviet authorities, and thus his activity in the period under study is quite representative and prosopographically relevant for understanding the complexity of the GCC in the restoration of the Soviet totalitarian regime in the Western Ukraine in the first postwar years.
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Manojlovski, Aleksandar. "Sjećanja sarajevskog jevreja Benjamina Samokovlije – Damjana o njegovom učešću u narodnooslobodilačkom i antifašističkom ratu u Jugoslaviji (1941-1945)." Historijski pogledi 5, no. 8 (November 15, 2022): 165–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52259/historijskipogledi.2022.5.8.165.
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Benjamin Samokovlija (Sarajevo, 31.III.1918 - Skopje, 28.II.1996), comes from a Jewish family. On April 5, 1941 he was mobilized in the ranks of the army of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia. In the second half of August 1941, Benjamin joined the ranks of the National Liberation Army and the People's Liberation Army. He took part in numerous battles in the anti-fascist war for the liberation of Yugoslavia. After the Fourth Enemy Offensive of the Supreme Headquarters of the People's Liberation Army and Partisan Detachments of Yugoslavia which took place in the first half of 1943, Samokovlija together with part of his partisan unit were captured by the Germans and imprisoned in Zenica. After a month in the Zenica prison, a group of 600 prisoners, including Samokovlija, were transferred to the Thessaloniki concentration camp. In October 1943, through an EAM connection, Benjamin Samokovlija managed to escape and join ELAS. He remained in the ranks of the Greek partisans until the contact with the Macedonian partisans from the First Macedonian-Kosovo Brigade on the territory of the Aegean part of Macedonia in the period between the second half of December 1943 and January 1944. He was admitted to the III Battalion and was in charge of the agitprop of the battalion, from where he was later transferred to the ranks of the II, V and X brigades, acting as a battalion commissioner and participating in the battles for the liberation of Macedonia. At the very beginning of World War II in 1941, Benjamin Samokovlija lost many of his immediate family members, including his parents and wife. As direct witnesses to the measures taken for the physical and economic destruction of the Jews in Bosnia and Herzegovina by the German occupying authorities, their collaborators and the authorities of the Independent State of Croatia, his three sisters joined the People's Liberation War. His eldest sister Laura was killed in 1945. Benjamin Samokovlija is the holder of several military and state decorations. During his tenure, he ran a number of state-owned enterprises. It is particularly important to emphasize that for less than two decades he served as President of the Jewish community in the Republic of Macedonia, building strong friendly relations with other religious communities in the country.
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Burdukiewicz, Aleksandra, and Jan Michał Burdukiewicz. "Professor Leon Kozłowski as a man, scientist, politician and his influence into Wrocław archaeology." Family Upbringing 5, no. 1 (June 30, 2012): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.61905/wwr/171177.
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The most outstanding archaeologist and professor at John Casimir University in Lviv as well as and a acknowledged politician (among others the Prime Minister (1934– 1935) of the Second Republic of Poland) was Professor Leon Kozłowski (1892–1944), a student of E. Majewski from Warsaw, R.R. Schmidt from the University of Tübingen and W. Demetrykiewicz from the Jagiellonian University in Krakow. As a professor of John Casimir University he cooperated with V. Gordon Childe from the UK and H. Breuil from France, the most outstanding archaeologists in Europe at that time. His publications stand out with a clear and well-argued reasoning, great dash and thorough knowledge of the materials and concepts of the time. He was also an excellent teacher of many Polish and Ukrainian archaeologists. After 1939, he was imprisoned and tortured in the Soviet Union and Germany, where he died in unknown circumstances in 1944. Among his pupils was Helena Cehak-Hołubowiczowa (1902–1979), who, with her husband Włodzimierz Hołubowicz (1908–1962), worked in the years 1931–1939 at the Stefan Batory University in Vilnius and between 1943 and 1945 they were the forced labourers in Austria. They both, since 1950, were employed at the University of Wroclaw and developed archaeology according to the ideas of Leon Kozłowski. Włodzimierz Hołubowicz developed the methodics and methodology of archaeology and Helena Cehak-Hołubowiczowa dealt with the religious beliefs of prehistoric and early medieval societies. Th ey educated many students who are now employees of the Institute of Archaeology at the University of Wroclaw, and other institutions.
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Hawkes, Christopher. "Archaeology in Britain since 1945." Antiquity 60, no. 230 (November 1986): 175–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00058828.
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In 1932 Professor Christopher Hawkes, in collaboration with the late Sir Thomas Kendrick, produced Archaeology in England and Wales 1914-1931, a book for many years the standard and much-loved textbook for all students of ancient Britain. Here, more than half a century later he reviews Archaeology in Britain since 1945,* edited by Ian Longworth and John Cherry, published by the British Museum in conjunction with, and as a supplement to, its current exhibition, ‘Archaeology in Britain: New Views of the Past’ (Editorial, p. 169).
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Minkova, Kristina V. ""It is an experience which never lacks interest": John Paton Davies' Letters from Postwar Moscow." Journal of Russian American Studies 8, no. 1 (May 1, 2024): 17–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jras.v8i1.22322.
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John Paton Davies Jr. was born in China in 1908 into a family of American Baptist missionaries. Throughout his life he had the warmest relationship with his parents. Davies received his education in the United States and China, graduated from Columbia University in 1931 and immediately entered the diplomatic careers. In 1933, after a short-time service as a Vice-Consul in Windsor, Ontario, he was sent to China and remained there until 1940. In August 1942, John Davies married Patricia Louise Grady (1920–2000), daughter of American diplomat Henry F. Grady (1882–1957), for love. Patricia played a significant part in Davies’ work and was known as a well-educated, keenly observant, and broad-minded person.
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Gemini dan Kunto Sofianto, Galun Eka. "PERANAN LASYKAR HIZBULLAH DI PRIANGAN 1945-1948." Patanjala : Jurnal Penelitian Sejarah dan Budaya 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2015): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.30959/patanjala.v7i3.107.
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AbstrakPenelitian ini menggambarkan Peranan Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan dalam kurun waktu 1945 hingga 1948. Untuk merekontruksi permasalahan ini digunakan metode sejarah yang terdiri dari empat tahap, yaitu heuristik, kritik, interpretasi, dan historiografi. Adapun teknik yang digunakan dalam pengumpulan data digunakan studi literatur dan wawancara, yaitu mengkaji sumber-sumber literatur yang berkaitan dengan permasalahan yang diteliti dan mewawancarai saksi sejarah atau pelaku sejarah sebagai narasumbernya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui latar belakang terbentuknya Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan; (2) mengetahui proses terbentuknya Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan; dan (3) mengetahui peranan Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan pada masa revolusi kemerdekaan (1945-1948). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Lasykar Hizbullah terbentuk pada 10 Januari 1945. Lasykar Hizbullah merupakan organisasi/sayap kepemudaan yang berada di bawah naungan Masyumi Karesidenan Priangan. Lasykar Hizbullah telah memberikan peran penting dalam mempertahankan kemerdekaan Indonesia. Mereka terlibat aktif dalam pertempuran-pertempuran melawan Belanda-Sekutu, seperti Bandung Lautan Api, Agresi Militer Belanda I, menyikapi Perjanjian Renville. Lasykar Hizbullah di Priangan pada perkembangannya terbagi menjadi dua kelompok: pertama, pro-pemerintah dan bergabung dengan TNI-Divisi Siliwangi sebagai hasil dari adanya program fusi badan-badan perjuangan dengan TNI pada 1947; kedua, kontra-pemerintah dan menjelma menjadi Tentara Islam Indonesia pada 1948, benteng terdepan Negara Islam Indonesia bentukan Kartosuwiryo. AbstractThis study illustrates the role of Laskar Hizbullah in Priangan in the period 1945 to 1948. In order to reconstruct the problem, this study uses history method which consists of four stages, namely heuristic, criticism, interpretation, and historiography. The techniques of data collection used literature and interviews, including reviewing the sources of literature related to the problems studied and interviewing the witnesses of history or historical actors as the respondents. This study aims to: (1) know the background of the Laskar Hizbullah formation in Priangan; (2) recognize the process of of Lasykar Hizbollah formation in Priangan; and (3) identify the role of Laskar Hizbullah in Priangan during the revolution of independence (1945-1948). The results showed that Laskar Hizbullah was formed on January 10, 1945. It is an organization under the auspices of Masjumi Priangan Residency. Hezbollah army has given an important role in maintaining the independence of Indonesia. They are actively involved in the battles against the Dutch-ally, such as Bandung Sea of Fire, Dutch Military Aggression I, addressing the Renville Agreement. Hezbollah army in Priangan, in its development, is divided into two groups: first, pro-government and join TNI-Siliwangi Division as a result of the fusion program ofstruggle agencies with the military in 1947; second, a counter-government and transformed into Islamic Army of Indonesia in 1948, the fort leading of Indonesian Islamic State of Kartosuwiryo formation.
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KITLV, Redactie. "Book reviews." Bijdragen tot de taal-, land- en volkenkunde / Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Southeast Asia 166, no. 1 (2010): 107–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22134379-90003627.
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Syed Muhd Khairudin Aljunied, Rethinking Raffles; A study of Stamford Raffles’ discourse on religions amongst Malays. (Nathan Porath) Walter Angst, Wayang Indonesia; Die phantastische Welt des indonesischen Figurentheaters/The fantastic world of Indonesian puppet theatre. (Dick van der Meij) Adrienne Kappler and others, James Cook and the exploration of the Pacific. (H.J.M. Claesen) Aurel Croissant, Beate Martin and Sascha Kneip (eds), The politics of death; Political violence in Southeast Asia. (Freek Colombijn) Frank Dhont, Kevin W. Fogg and Mason C. Hoadley (eds), Towards an inclusive democratic Indonesian society; Bridging the gap between state uniformity and multicultural identity patterns. (Alexander Claver) Bronwen Douglas and Chris Ballard (eds), Foreign bodies; Oceania and the science of race, 1750-1940. (H.J.M. Claesen) Ricky Ganang, Jay Crain, and Vicki Pearson-Rounds, Kemaloh Lundayeh-English dictionary and bibliographic list of materials relating to the Lundayeh-Lun Bawang-Kelabit and related groups of Sarawak, Sabah, Brunei and East Kalimantan. (Michael Boutin) Jeffrey Hadler, Muslims and matriarchs; Cultural resilience in Indonesia through Jihad and Colonialism. (Franz von Benda-Beckmann) Uli Kozok, Kitab undang-undang Tanjung Tanah: Naskah Melayu yang tertua. (Arlo Griffiths) Alfonds van der Kraan, Murder and mayhem in seventeenth-century Cambodia; Anthony van Diemen vs. King Ramadhipati I. (Jeroen Rikkerink) Jean Michaud, ‘Incidental’ ethnographers; French Catholic missions on the Tonkin-Yunnan frontier, 1880-1930. (Nicholas Tapp) M.C. Ricklefs, Polarising Javanese society; Islamic and other visions (c. 1830-1930). (Matthew Isaac Cohen) Stuart Robson, Arjunawiwāha; The marriage of Arjuna of Mpu Kaṇwa. (Andrea Acri) László Székely and István Radnai, Dit altijd alleen zijn; Verhalen over het leven van planters en koelies in Deli (1914-1930). (Adrienne Zuiderweg) Patricia Tjiook-Liem (Giok Kiauw Nio Liem), De rechtspositie der Chinezen in Nederlands-Indië 1848-1942; Wetgevingsbeleid tussen beginsel en belang. (Mary Somers Heidhues) Zhou Daguan, A record of Cambodia: the land and its people. (Un Leang) REVIEW ESSAY Longitudinal studies in Javanese performing arts Benjamin Brinner, Music in Central Java; Experiencing music, expressing culture. Barbara Hatley, Javanese performances on an Indonesian stage; Contesting culture, embracing change. Felicia Hughes-Freeland, Embodied communities; Dance traditions and change in Java. (Matthew Isaac Cohen) REVIEW ESSAY Development and reform in Vietnam Stéphanie Balme and Mark Stephanie (eds), Vietnam’s new order; International perspectives on the state and reform in Vietnam. Sujian Guo, The political economy of Asian transition from communism. Ian Jeffries, Vietnam: a guide to economic and political developments. Pietro Masina, Vietnam’s development strategies. (Tran Quang Anh) KORTE SIGNALERINGEN Ulbe Bosma, Indiëgangers; Verhalen van Nederlanders die naar Indië trokken. Clara Brinkgreve, Met Indië verbonden; Een verhaal van vier generaties 1849-1949. Jack Botermans en Heleen Tichler, Het vergeten Indië; Stille getuigen van het dagelijks leven in het Indië van toen. Robin te Slaa en Edwin Klijn, De NSB; Ontstaan en opkomst van de Nationaal-Socialistische Beweging, 1931-1935. Mark Loderichs, Margaret Leidelmeijer, Johan van Langen en Jan Kompagnie, Verhalen in Documenten; Over het afscheid van Indië, 1940-1950. Frederik Erens en Adrienne Zuiderweg, Linggadjati, brug naar de toekomst; Soetan Sjahrir als een van de grondleggers van het vrije Indonesië. Peter Schumacher, met medewerking van Gerard de Boer, De zaak Aernout; Hardnekkige mythes rond een Indische moord ontrafeld. Cas Oorthuys, Een staat in wording; Fotoreportage van Cas Oorthuys over het Indonesië van 1947. René Kok, Erik Somers en Louis Zweers, Koloniale oorlog 1945-1949; Van Indië tot Indonesië. H.F. Veenendaal en J.P.W. Kelder, ZKH; Hoog spel aan het hof van Zijne Koninklijke Hoogheid; De geheime dagboeken van mr.dr.L.G. van Maasdijk. Ons Indië; 400 jaar Nederlandse sporen in Insulinde, de strijd om de onafhankelijkheid & 60 jaar Indonesië. (Harry A. Poeze)
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Kuehn, Daniel. "Keynes, Newton and the Royal Society: the events of 1942 and 1943." Notes and Records: the Royal Society Journal of the History of Science 67, no. 1 (December 19, 2012): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2012.0053.
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Most discussions of John Maynard Keynes's activities in connection with Newton are restricted to the sale in 1936 at Sotheby's of Newton's Portsmouth Papers and to Keynes's 1946 essay ‘Newton, the Man’. This paper provides a history of Keynes's Newton-related work in the interim, highlighting especially the events of 1942 and 1943, which were particularly relevant to the Royal Society's role in the domestic and international promotion of Newton's legacy. During this period, Keynes lectured twice on Newton, leaving notes that would later be read by his brother Geoffrey in the famous commemoration of the Newton tercentenary in 1946. In 1943 Keynes assisted the Royal Society in its recognition of the Soviet celebrations and in the acquisition and preservation of more of the Newton library. In each instance Keynes took the opportunity to promote his interpretation of Newton as ‘the last of the magicians’: a scientist who had one foot in the pre-modern world and whose approach to understanding the world was as much intuitive as it was methodical.
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Bleaney, B. "Two Oxford science professors, F. Soddy and J. S. E. Townsend." Notes and Records of the Royal Society of London 56, no. 1 (January 22, 2002): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2002.0168.
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A light–hearted account is given of incidents in the lives of Frederick Soddy, Nobel laureate in Chemistry 1921, and Dr Lee's Professor of Chemistry in Oxford, 1919–1936, together with Sir John Townsend, Wykeham Professor of Physics in Oxford, 1900–1941.
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Hughes, Shaun F. D. "Cold-War Confrontations: Gerpla and its Early Reviewers." Scandinavian-Canadian Studies 26 (December 1, 2019): 208–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/scancan169.
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ABSTRACT: Halldór Laxness wrote Gerpla during tumultuous times in Icelandic history. In 1944 the country had gained its independence after 682 years of rule from the Scandinavian mainland, and in June 1946 the Alþingi (Parliament) agreed that the United States would have continued use of the Keflavík airbase for six and a half years. There was considerable social unrest at this, which increased in 1949 when the Alþingi voted to join NATO and a large crowd tried to storm the parliament building. Gerpla was published on December 5, 1952. This article focuses on early reviews of the novel, illustrating how these reviews were often less about the novel per se, and more about contemporary events and personalities.
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John, David A., and Shing S. So. "Cut points in abcohesive, aposyndetic, and semi-locally connected spaces." International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences 30, no. 12 (2002): 717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s0161171202109197.
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In 1941, F. B. Jones introduced aposyndesis, which generalizes the concept of semi-local connectedness defined earlier by G. T. Whyburn (1942), in the study of continuum theory. Using Jones's idea, D. A. John (1993) defined abcohesiveness as a generalization of aposyndesis and studied theA-sets in abcohesive spaces. In this paper, some properties of abcohesive spaces are studied and a number of results by B. Lehman (1976) and Whyburn (1942, 1968) are generalized; sufficient conditions for the existence of two nodal sets are established as well.
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Castañeda, Román. "A propósito del premio nobel de física 2022: ¿comprender la naturaleza es asunto de la razón, de la intuición o de la tecnología?" Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales 46, no. 181 (October 15, 2022): 899–901. http://dx.doi.org/10.18257/raccefyn.1788.
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El 4 de octubre, la Real Academia Sueca de Ciencias anunció el otorgamiento del premio Nobel 2022 a Alain Aspect (1947), profesor de la Universidad de París – Saclay y de la Escuela Politécnica de Palaiseau (Francia), John Clauser (1942), de la firma J.F. Clauser and Assoc. (Estados Unidos) y Anton Zeilinger (1945), profesor de la Universidad de Viena (Austria) “for experiments with entangled photons, establishing the violation of Bell inequalities and pioneering quantum information science” (Press release of The Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, 4 October 2022). Una distinción que muchos, en la comunidad científica de los físicos, esperaban desde hace algún tiempo, porque el entrelazamiento (Ing. entanglement) es un fenómeno peculiar, difícil de aceptar pero que, más rápido de lo esperado, se ha instalado definitivamente en nuestro paisaje tecnológico.
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Lauridsen, John T. "Bestilt arbejde." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 60 (January 25, 2022): 215–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v60i.130498.
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John T. Lauridsen: Hot work.Changes in attitudes in the Copenhagen press between 1941 and 1943
The position of the Danish press and the behaviour of the Foreign Ministry’s presscentre during the German occupation have only been examined sporadically and inadequately.This is illustrated taking outset in Politiken’s crime correspondent, VilhelmBergstrom’s diary and articles recording two court cases involving communists in 1941and 1943. The legal proceedings in both cases were commissioned and orchestratedby the German occupation forces, using Danish courtrooms as the backdrop. In 1941,the Foreign Ministry’s press centre called on newspapers to write about the case, but in1943 the head of the centre remained silent while the drama unfolded as the Germanswanted. There was also a clear difference between the press coverage in 1941 and 1943.In 1941, the majority of the press coverage was about an international terrorist storycentred on communism as the villain, and there was no lack of violent outcomes innewspaper leaders. None of them cast a thought for the mindless contribution theywere making to the occupying forces’ anti-communist propaganda. The backdrop forthis was widespread anti-communism in Denmark.The situation had changed in 1943. It dawned on journalists that they had servedthe interests of the occupying forces in their coverage of a brutal murder committedby communists in 1936, and they wrote their reports on the 1943 case with this inmind. They were more restrained, even though the murder story in itself was juicystuff in peaceful Denmark. As one of the journalists noted, it was time to think aboutthe future, with the advance of the USSR after the German defeat at Stalingrad, thepolitical landscape could change very quickly, so it was a bad idea to have been a meremouthpiece for the occupying forces. Reflection had taken over.
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Lord, Alan. "Professor John W. Neale (1926–2006)." Journal of Micropalaeontology 25, no. 2 (November 1, 2006): 191–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.25.2.191.
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Abstract. John Neale was born in Burton-on-Trent where his father was concerned with the grocery business and, appropriately to the town, his grandfather was a cooper in the brewing industry. After leaving school he spent two terms at Manchester University, passing the First Year examinations and, in 1943, volunteered for wartime service in the Royal Navy. One year later he was commissioned an officer and served in the hazardous but vital role of minesweeping. With discharge from the navy in 1947 he rejoined Manchester University to follow a BSc General degree in Geology and Geography with subsidiary Zoology, graduating in 1949. It was during this time that he met his future wife, Patti, who was a fellow undergraduate. Upon graduation he was appointed as Assistant Lecturer in the small Sub-department (later a full Department) of Geology of the University of Hull, which was to be his scientific home for the rest of his professional life. John Neale and his senior colleague Lewis Penny, who also joined in 1949, were the only members of staff and for some years taught the full spectrum of Geology between them. John Neale’s diaries record how they had intensive discussions about developing their sub-department and building the teaching collections. The department grew in numbers of students and staff and won a reputation for sound teaching and, in time, for research. It is therefore easy to understand how saddened John Neale was when, following a reorganization of Earth Science departments in British universities, the department he had . . .
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HALIV, Mykola, and Anna OНAR. "«THE OUN MEMBER» VARVARA ZHURBENKO: THE FATE OF A REPRESSED TEACHER (BASED ON ARCHIVAL-CRIMINAL CASE FILE)." Ukraine: Cultural Heritage, National Identity, Statehood 33 (2020): 318–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.33402/ukr.2020-33-318-330.
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The article reveals Varvara Stepanіvna Zhurbenko's biography. In 1946, the Soviet state security authorities accused her of being a «parricide» and a member of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN). The article's relevance is due to the need to determine whether V. Zhurbenko was an OUN member. The article also illustrates the illegal mechanisms used by the Soviet repressive authorities. The research's main source was the V. Zhurbenko's archival-criminal case, which is stored in the Archive of the Security Service of Ukraine in the Lviv region. As a result of the study, it was found that V. Zhurbenko participated in the activities of one of the OUN grassroots units in Dnipropetrovsk in early 1943. She did not join the OUN, but her contacts with OUN's member N. Voronina, who was also an agent of Soviet special services, played a tragic role in her later life. Having received a pedagogical education, V. Zhurbenko worked in the incomplete secondary school of the village Khidnovychi in the Drohobych region. In late 1944 – early 1945, she corresponded with N. Voronina. She was arrested in October 1946. During the investigation, V. Zhurbenko was forced to confess to belonging to the OUN. She was sentenced to 10 years in prison in the Soviet concentration camps. After J. Stalin's death, when the totalitarian regime weakened somewhat, V. Zhurbenko tried to achieve justice. As a result, her case was double-checked (in 1955 and 1959), and eventually, V. Zhurbenko was rehabilitated. She was able to prove that the criminal case against her had been fabricated by an MGB investigator who had used the beating and threats. Thus, the authors found out that V. Zhurbenko was not a member of the OUN, although some contemporary historians were convinced that she belonged to this organization. Keywords: Varvara Zhurbenko, MGB, OUN, Dnipropetrovsk, Drohobych region, military tribunal, rehabilitation.
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Safitri, Anita. "Perjuangan Rakyat dalam Mempertahankan Kemerdekaan Indonesia Pada Agresi Militer II 1948-1949 di Pulau Jawa." HEURISTIK: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah 3, no. 1 (April 30, 2023): 23–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/hjps.3.1.23-34.
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The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was promulgated on 17 August 1945. Nevertheless, this had not yet freed Indonesia from the colonial grip in September 1945 the Dutch came back to Indonesia by leaking allied troops who had then won World War II. This study was conducted using historical methods to obtain a truth from past events regarding the people's struggle during the Second Dutch Military Aggression on Java Island. The result of this study was the Second Dutch Military Aggression carried out in 1948–1949 with the focus of its attacks on Java and Sumatra. Resistance on Java was guerrilla by Indonesian military leaders and people who rejoiced to join the militia. In West Java the struggle was fought by the Siliwangi Division and other military leaders, in Central Java the struggle was fought by the guerrilla forces of General Sudirman and its military members as well as in East Java. This guerilla strategy successfully disrupted Dutch defenses in Indonesia. Until the Treaty of Roem-Royen was signed as a form of truce and military aggression in Indonesia.
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Leiby, James. "The Homeless Transient in the Depression: New York State, 1929–1941. By Joan M. Crouse. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1986. Pp. xii, 319. $39.50 cloth, $14.95 paper." Journal of Economic History 47, no. 3 (September 1987): 854–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700049688.
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Mentanko, Joshua. "Women in nature: Asymmetrical inclusion in ethnographic fieldwork in Mexico, 1940s-1960s." Les Études Sociales 178, no. 2 (February 19, 2024): 137–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/etsoc.178.0137.
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Calixta Guiteras, Esther Hermitte et Joan Ablon ont été des pionnières pour les femmes anthropologues en Amérique du Nord et du Sud. Leurs trajectoires se sont rejointes sur les hauts plateaux du Chiapas au milieu du xx e siècle. La première partie de l’article utilise la correspondance de professeurs masculins pour illustrer la lutte de Calixta Guiteras contre le sexisme de l’école d’enquête sur le terrain de 1942-1943 et contre le cloisonnement des postes permanents. L’analyse suggère que malgré la plus grande inclusion des femmes sur le terrain, la profession ne s’est pas automatiquement féminisée. S’appuyant sur cette idée, la deuxième section consacrée à Esther Hermitte et Joan Ablon montre, à l’aide de leurs carnets, comment l’étude sur le terrain a suscité une prise de conscience des multiples implications du genre dans la conduite de la recherche, née de l’expérience des contradictions de l’inclusion asymétrique. Prises ensemble, ces expériences de genre sur le terrain, où l’on est censé être à la fois participant et observateur, démontrent le développement d’une conscience en relation avec les conditions matérielles de la vie d’une femme « pionnière ». Au cours des années 1940 et 1950, période présentée comme celle de l’inclusion croissante des femmes dans la discipline de l’anthropologie, la présence des femmes dans le domaine a ainsi redimensionné plutôt qu’éliminé les hiérarchies de genre au sein de la discipline.
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Lauridsen, John T. "Werner Bests fængselsoptegnelser 1945-51. En studie i fortidsmanipulation." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118902.
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John T. Lauridsen: Werner Best’s prison records 1945-51
The article provides a brief account of the content of Field Marshal for Denmark Werner Best’s prison notes with a list of those which are non-literary. Then the notes concerning Danish conditions are presented in greater detail, since they are characterized as primary defence statements with the intention of explaining and defending the politics that he wishes to present as those he conducted during his time as Field Marshal for Denmark 1942-45. There is a development in the content of the notes concerning Denmark from the first ones in 1945 to the later ones in 1948 in line with the fact that he obtained insight into the contemporary records written by himself, which the public prosecutor had managed to collect from him. The development was in the form of an adaptation of previous statements concerning the material presented or explaining the contents of it away, in the sense that a context was presented, which negated the meaning of what he had written, unless he did not openly state instead that what he had written was a lie already at the time of writing. The latter was supposedly in agreement with the Auswärtiges Amt with the common goal of preventing Hitler from intervening in Danish affairs. On the whole, Hitler is introduced in various contexts as an active party, who had exerted fundamental influence on incriminating documents drawn up by Best, while there is no contemporary documentation that Hitler exerted any influence or even had his attention focused on Denmark. This results in Best’s use of “the telephone trick”, which the author has chosen to call it, namely that Best invokes telephone calls from the headquarters of the fuhrer, from Ribbentrop’s ministerial office located there or from the Auswärtiges Amt, which make him act in another manner that justifies his actions for posterity, or ascribes an impact on posterity to himself, which he had not been able to obtain in some other way. The most obvious examples are the initiative for the action against the Jews in 1943, the April Crisis in 1944, the repercussions from the general strike in Copenhagen in the summer of 1944, and the outcome of the discussions concerning whether or not to conduct the final battle in Mürwik on 3 May 1945. An account is given of Best’s attempt to impose a general reading guide for his contemporary documents upon the reader, followed by a representation of and detailed commentary upon selected statements by Best, which illustrate Best’s form of history manipulation in detail, where he also provides guidance on how he wants specific individual documents to be read and understood. It is inspiring reading. Two records are not about his own trial, but about his relationship to DNSAP (the Danish Nazi Party) and the Schalburg Corps (the Nazi anti-sabotage corps in Denmark) and the group of people surrounding them. Here he continues to manipulate his own role, but also shows his ruthlessness towards partners who did not obey orders. This also gave him cause to dismiss the entire German Reich leadership in Denmark as being more or less amateurish.
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Jones, Peter Blundell. "The lure of the Orient: Scharoun and Häring's East-West connections." Architectural Research Quarterly 12, no. 1 (March 2008): 29–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135508000912.
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Among Hugo Häring's papers in the Häring archive of the Akademie der Künste in Berlin are the minutes of six meetings entitled Discussions about Chinese Architecture held on Fridays and once on a Saturday dating from November 1941 to May 1942. The persons involved are Hugo Häring, Hans Scharoun, Chen Kuan Lee and John Scott. Of Scott, a Germanised American, we know little: it seems his wife Gerda worked at Häring's art school. But Chen Kuan Lee is a key figure in this story. Born in Shanghai in 1919, he had arrived in Berlin in 1935 to study architecture under Hans Poelzig, completing the course in 1939. He then became Scharoun's assistant until 1941, working on the private houses that provided a limited creative opportunity under the Nazis. Lee returned to Scharoun's office in 1949, remaining there until 1953, one of only four assistants during the crucial period of 1951/1952 when Scharoun's new architecture was under development with key projects such as the Darmstadt School and Kassel Theatre. In between, Lee served as an assistant to Ernst Boerschmann (1873–1949), the great German investigator of Chinese culture and author of several books on Chinese architecture. Boerschmann had visited China from 1906 to 1909, when he was sent by the German government to make a comprehensive cultural study, rather as Hermann Muthesius had been sent to England in 1896. To complete Lee's biography, in 1954 he set up as an architect on his own account, building several Chinese restaurants, more than 30 private houses and some apartment blocks in a Scharoun-like manner [1], some spatially very interesting, but this kind of work went out of fashion with the advent of postmodernism in the 1980s and Lee died quite recently in obscurity.
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Morton, David L. "“The Rusty Ribbon”: John Herbert Orr and the Making of the Magnetic Recording Industry, 1945–1960." Business History Review 67, no. 4 (1993): 589–622. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3116805.
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John Herbert Orr (1911-84) was an Alabama entrepreneur who formed Orradio Industries, Inc., a pioneering hightechnology firm that made magnetic recording tape. In 1945, Orr was among the U.S. Army Intelligence officials who investigated this technology, which was originally developed in Germany during the 1930s. Orr's early knowledge allowed him to establish Orradio in 1949 on a shoestring budget and to make it competitive with larger firms. When, after some uncertainty, tape became the standard medium for magnetic recorders, and as other uses such as data storage and videotape appeared, Orradio's sales expanded rapidly in the late 1950s. The company was purchased by a larger competitor, the Ampex Corporation, in 1959. The history of Orradio illustrates some of the technological, organizational, and locational problems associated with the establishment of a small high-technology firm in a new industry.
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MATOV, ALEXEY YU, and STANISLAV K. KORB. "A revision of the genus Drasteria of Central Asia and Kazakhstan with special attention to the adjacent areas (Lepidoptera: Erebidae)." Zootaxa 4673, no. 1 (September 20, 2019): 1–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4673.1.1.
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A revision of the genus Drasteria within Central Asia and Kazakhstan with attention to the adjacent areas is presented. The status and position of all Drasteria taxa known from this area is clarified, the primary types are revised, primary types and their genitalia are illustrated. The following lectotypes are designated: Leucanitis aberrans Staudinger, 1888, Leucanitis tenera var. antiqua Staudinger, 1889, Leucanitis axuana Püngeler, 1907, Leucanitis cailino var. obscura Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis cailino forma baigacumensis John, 1921, Euclidia сatocalis Staudinger, 1882, Ophiusa astrida Eversmann, 1857, Leucanitis herzi Alphéraky, 1895, Leucanitis chinensis Alphéraky, 1892, Ophiusa flexuosa Ménétriés, 1849, Leucanitis flexuosa var. caspica Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis indecora John, 1910, Leucanitis kabylaria A. Bang-Haas, 1906, Leucanitis kusnezovi John, 1910, Syneda langi Erschoff, 1874, Leucanitis obscurata Staudinger, 1882, Leucanitis cailino var. picta Christoph, 1877, Leucanitis picta var. radapicta Staudinger, 1901, Leucanitis saisani var. clara Staudinger, 1894, Leucanitis scolopax Alphéraky, 1892, Leucanitis sculpta Püngeler, 1904, Leucanitis pamira John, 1921, Leucanitis sesquilina Staudinger, 1888, Leucanitis sinuosa Staudinger, 1894, Leucanitis tenera Staudinger, 1877. The type locality of Drasteria antiqua corrected to “Chinese Kashgaria”. The following synonymy is established: Drasteria flexuosa mongolica (Staudinger, 1896) = D. pulverosa pulverosa Wiltshire, 1969, syn. n.; = D. pulverosa intermedia Ronkay, 1985, syn. n.; D. picta (Christoph, 1877) = Drasteria austera (John, 1921), syn. n. The following new statuses are proposed: D. langi obscurata (Staudinger, 1882), stat. n., D. axuana indecora (John, 1910), stat. n. A new species, Drasteria pseudopicta Matov et Korb, sp. n., from the vicinities of Dosang (Astrakhan Province, Russia) is described. The brief DNA analysis (COI sequence) of the closely related taxa of the Central Asiatic Drasteria is presented. A key to species of the genus Drasteria of the studied area is compiled.
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Новиков, В. С., and А. М. Шелепов. "Work of Evacuation Hospitals during the Great Patriotic War 1941-1945 (based on materials of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense)." ВЕСТНИК ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ И РАЗВИТИЯ НАУКИ РОССИЙСКОЙ АКАДЕМИИ ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫХ НАУК, no. 2 (May 31, 2021): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.26163/raen.2021.49.72.001.
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В статье обобщён уникальный, ранее малодоступный архивный материал, освещающий состояние и деятельность лечебных учреждений Наркомата обороны (НКО) и Наркомата здравоохранения (НКЗ) СССР госпитальной базы тыла страны (ГБТС) в Великой Отечественной войне 1941-1945 гг. Представлены данные анализа работы эвакуационных госпиталей в годы Великой Отечественной войны 1941-1945 гг. по материалам Центрального архива Министерства обороны и его филиалов. Дана характеристика раненых и больных, направляемых в эвакуационные госпитали, и их средняя продолжительность лечения (в днях). Показано, с какими трудностями столкнулись эвакуационные госпитали при формировании в начальном периоде Великой Отечественной войны. Освещены принципы отмобилизования по директивам Генерального штаба Красной Армии в соответствии с мобилизационным планом «МП-41»,а также соотношение хирургических и терапевтических коек в эвакуационных госпиталях внутренних военных округов. Обоснована роль эвакуационных госпиталей в лечении раненых и больных военнослужащих по возврату их в строй. We summarize the unique, earlier inaccessible archive material concerning the state and work of medical institutions belonging to the Defense Commissariat and the Health Care Commissariat of the hospital base of the USSR during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945. We present the analysis of the work of evacuation hospitals during the Great Patriotic War of 1941-1945 based on the materials of the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense and its branches. We give a characteristic of the wounded and patients sent to evacuation hospitals and describe average treatment duration (in days). We show the difficulties that evacuation hospitals faced during their formation at the beginning of the Great Patriotic War. We describe the principles of complete mobilization in accordance with the directions of the General Staff of the Red Army and the mobilization plan MP-41 as well as the proportion of surgery and therapeutic beds at evacuation hospitals of internal military regions. We substantiate the role of evacuation hospitals in the treatment of wounded and sick soldiers to help them join their regiments.
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Holmes, Kenneth C., and Alan Weeds. "Hugh Esmor Huxley MBE. 25 February 1924 — 25 July 2013." Biographical Memoirs of Fellows of the Royal Society 63 (January 2017): 309–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsbm.2016.0011.
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Hugh Esmor Huxley devoted his life to understanding how muscles contract. He was born in Birkenhead and entered Christ's College, Cambridge, in 1941 to study Physics. Joining the RAF in 1943 as an Acting Pilot Officer, he later moved to the Malvern Telecommunications Research Establishment where his pioneering work on developing H 2 S Mk IVA airborne radar over two years to 1947 led to his being elected a Member of the Order of the British Empire in 1948 while still an undergraduate. He started X-ray research on living muscle with Sir John Kendrew at the Medical Research Council Unit in the Cavendish Laboratory and showed that skeletal muscle is made of a hexagonal array of thick and thin filaments. In 1952 he moved to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) to study muscle ultrastructure by electron microscopy, where he was joined by Jean Hanson, and in 1954 they published the sliding filament hypothesis (7) † . Back in London he produced ultra-thin sections of muscle barely 150 Å thick, which showed cross-bridges between the filaments, and in 1960 was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society. His research at the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology from 1962 led to his proposal of the swinging cross-bridge model. His ambition of studying cross-bridge movement in living muscle by X-ray diffraction in the millisecond time range required ever stronger X-ray sources and more sensitive detectors. The development in the 1970s of beam lines from synchrotron radiation opened a new perspective that fascinated him for the rest of his working life. From his last work at Argonne National Laboratory with Massimo Reconditi, Hugh finally convinced himself that he had incontrovertible evidence for the tilting lever-arm model.
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Jakobsen, Jesper, and Karl Christian Lammers. "Anmeldelser." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 54 (March 3, 2015): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v54i0.118909.
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Jesper Jakobsen anmelder: Robert Darnton: Censors at Work. How States Shaped Literature. The British Library 2014. 316 s., ill., indb. ISBN 978-0-7123-5761-6
Karl Christian Lammers anmelder: Samarbejdets mand. Minister Gunnar Larsen. Dagbog 1941-1943, udgivet af John T. Lauridsen og Joachim Lund. Det Kongelige Bibliotek & Selskabet til Udgivelse af Kilder til Danmarks Historie i samarbejde med Historika 2015, I-III, i alt 1.486 sider.
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Dieckmann, Christoph. "Niemiecka polityka okupacyjna na Litwie w latach 1941–1944. Podsumowanie." Zagłada Żydów. Studia i Materiały, no. 13 (December 3, 2017): 80–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.32927/zzsim.351.
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The article regards German Occupation Policy in Lithuania 1941–1944. The author integrates the context of war and warfare – with their needs for mobilization, stability, food and labor – into the picture. He clearly shows how each of these fields of politics was coined by antisemitism, which was central for all Nazi policies. The author integrates multiple perspectives of perpetrators, bystanders and victims as well, emphasizing specific Lithuanian political programs, which enabled certain Lithuanian political groups to join partly national-socialist policy.
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Robison, William B. "Lancastrians, Tudors, and World War II: British and German Historical Films as Propaganda, 1933–1945." Arts 9, no. 3 (August 10, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/arts9030088.
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In World War II the Allies and Axis deployed propaganda in myriad forms, among which cinema was especially important in arousing patriotism and boosting morale. Britain and Germany made propaganda films from Hitler’s rise to power in 1933 to the war’s end in 1945, most commonly documentaries, historical films, and after 1939, fictional films about the ongoing conflict. Curiously, the historical films included several about fifteenth and sixteenth century England. In The Private Life of Henry VIII (1933), director Alexander Korda—an admirer of Winston Churchill and opponent of appeasement—emphasizes the need for a strong navy to defend Tudor England against the ‘German’ Charles V. The same theme appears with Philip II of Spain as an analog for Hitler in Arthur B. Wood’s Drake of England (1935), William Howard’s Fire Over England (1937), parts of which reappear in the propaganda film The Lion Has Wings (1939), and the pro-British American film The Sea Hawk (1940). Meanwhile, two German films little known to present-day English language viewers turned the tables with English villains. In Gustav Ucicky’s Das Mädchen Johanna (Joan of Arc, 1935), Joan is the female embodiment of Hitler and wages heroic warfare against the English. In Carl Froelich’s Das Herz der Königin (The Heart of a Queen, 1940), Elizabeth I is an analog for an imperialistic Churchill and Mary, Queen of Scots an avatar of German virtues. Finally, to boost British morale on D-Day at Churchill’s behest, Laurence Olivier directed a masterly film version of William Shakespeare’s Henry V (1944), edited to emphasize the king’s virtues and courage, as in the St. Crispin’s Day speech with its “We few, we proud, we band of brothers”. This essay examines the aesthetic appeal, the historical accuracy, and the presentist propaganda in such films.
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Carter, J. P., H. G. Poulos, and R. I. Tanner. "John Robert Booker 19421998." Historical Records of Australian Science 14, no. 2 (2002): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02008.
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Professor John Robert Booker died in Concord Hospital in Sydney on 13 January 1998, after a long and courageously-fought battle against cancer. His death cut short a brilliant academic career and deprived the Australian geotechnical and engineering mechanics communities of one of its most eminent members. At the time of his death John Booker held a personal chair in engineering mechanics in the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of Sydney, and he was widely regarded as one of the finest researchers of his generation working in the field of theoretical geomechanics. His long battle with cancer did not deflect him from his life's work. While understandably, he was unable to hold formal classes during the last months of his life, it is significant that he was active in research until his very last weeks, such was his love for and dedication to his work. John Booker was a warm, friendly, caring man who touched many lives. He was mentor to most with whom he came into close contact, students and colleagues alike. He is survived by his second wife Elizabeth, daughters from his first marriage, Katie and Lucie, sister Judith and mother Joan.
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Hawley, Charles V. "You're a Better Filipino than I Am, John Wayne: World War II, Hollywood, and U.S.-Philippines Relations." Pacific Historical Review 71, no. 3 (August 1, 2002): 389–414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2002.71.3.389.
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Between 1939 and 1945 several Hollywood studios produced significant films set in the war-torn Philippines, including Bataan (MGM, 1943), So Proudly We Hail (Paramount, 1943),and Back to Bataan (RKO,1943). Although these films immediately preceded Philippines independence in 1946, they do not position the Philippines as a soon-to-be autonomous nation. Instead, these films reaffirm, and even celebrate, the unequal colonial power relationship that marked the history of U.S. occupation of the archipelago. A careful reading of these films, which is the subject of this article, reveals the stamina of this colonial ideology (colonial uplift, tutelage, and nation-building) that legitimized U.S. colonial rule in the Phillapines and dates back to the turn of the century. What the perpetuation of this ideology suggests is the postwar neocolonial relationship between the two nations that U.S. government officials anticipated. This revised neocolonial ideology is expressed through the racialized and gendered images of Filipino characters and their interaction with U.S. American characters. The U.S. government attempted to control such images as part of its wartime propaganda, but had to rely on the voluntary compliance of the major Hollywood studios. While the Filipinos in films like Back to Bataan, made at the war's end, appear to challenge the racist stereotypes of prior films, they are re-inscribed by a neocolonial form of U.S. supremacy—— framed as wartime U.S. guidance and Filipino dependency.
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Sabin, Albert B. "My Last Will and Testament on Rapid Elimination and Ultimate Global Eradication of Poliomyelitis and Measles." Pediatrics 90, no. 1 (July 1, 1992): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.90.1.162.
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It is a special pleasure for me to participate in today's symposium, in honor of my cousin Saul Krugman's 80th birthday and to celebrate his important contributions to our knowledge of infectious diseases. It so happens that I have also spent my life in the pursuit of knowledge of infectious diseases, and yet, despite our close family relationship—he is the son of my mother's brother—our paths rarely crossed until he was 35 years old. It was then that Saul, without any special training in bacteriology, virology, immunology, or pathology, decided to spend his life in academic pediatrics and infectious diseases. Was there any link between Saul's career in infectious diseases and my own, which began 64 years ago? In October 1946, after 5 years as a flight surgeon and a 6 months' residency at the Willard Parker Hospital, then the center for all the horrible communicable diseases of children in New York City, Saul applied for a residency in pediatrics. But there were no vacancies for this 35-year-old World War II veteran. It was then that Saul came to Cincinnati to seek my advice. In 1940, after a pediatric residency at Hopkins, Dr Robert Ward came to my laboratory to work on polio and other viruses. In 1943, when I left Cincinnati to join the Army, Robbie Ward was not accepted by the Army because of an old tuberculous lesion acquired on the wards of the Hopkins Harriet Lane Hospital, and he joined John R. Paul at Yale to work on polio and hepatitis.
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Blagov, Sergey V. "The Military Routine of Polish Partisan Detachments Operating on the Territory of the Byelorussian SSR in 1943-1944: Morale and Political Propaganda." RUDN Journal of Russian History 19, no. 2 (December 15, 2020): 349–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2020-19-2-349-360.
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There were five Polish national detachments within the Soviet partisan movement that officially operated on the territory of the Belorussian SSR during the Great Patriotic War. Their formation took place in 1943-1944. Each of them had their own special features, their own specific tasks; but they also had common characteristics. First of all, the partisans were associated with proSoviet political propaganda. In their actions, they were used as guides to the local population of Western Belarus, spreading ideas that had been elaborated by the Polish Communists. The author studies the impact of Soviet agitation on Polish partisan detachments, and investigates how much the Polish partisans were subjected to these ideas in their everyday life. Back in 1939-1941, a significant part of the Polish population of the western regions of the USSR had been subjected to repressions. Therefore, in the first months of the Great Patriotic war these people often supported the German occupiers. Why then would parts of the Polish population join the Soviet partisans? The Soviet command changed their attitude towards them, creating the opportunity for Polish partisans to keep their national traditions and to wear their military uniforms, in order to win the sympathy of the local Poles. They even accepted former anti-Soviet elements who had been put in prison in 1939-1941 but joined the red underground. Some of the formations were not totally covered by the left ideology and did not associate themselves with the Communists when agitating among the local population.
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Angelopoulos, Tasos. "Ο Καραγκιόζης πάει αντάρτης: ένα ανέκδοτο έργο της Έλλης Αλεξίου από το αρχείο του ΚΚΕ." Neograeca Bohemica, [1] (2022): [109]—120. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/ngb2022-1-5.
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This short Karagkiozis play, by the writer and Resistance fighter Elli Alexiou, was discovered in the archives of the Greek Communist Party. Karagkiozis, the Greek popular shadow theatre, was used during the Resistance (1941–1944) to promote the struggle against the German occupiers. Here, the main hero, who, for some researchers, symbolizes the low-class Greek citizen, abandons his eternal hunger to join the Resistance movement. But he never abandons his playfulness and jokes, even during the darkest times of the Greek history.
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Marai, Leo. "Particulars of His Life: An Obituary for B. F. Skinner." South Pacific Journal of Psychology 3 (1990): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400001693.
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Burrhus Frederic Skinner was born on the 20th March 1904 in Susquehanna, Pennsylvania; he died on the 18th August 1990 at Auburn Hospital, Cambridge Massachussetts.The man whose name is synonymous with behaviourism became interested in the subject through the works of the American behavioural psychologist John B. Watson and the Russian physiologist Ivan P. Pavlov. But after graduating from Hamilton College in 1926, his first interest was not psychology. He first tried his hand at fiction and poetry before eventually concluding that his talents lay elsewhere.Skinner earned his doctorate from Harvard University in 1931 and remained at that university as a researcher until 1936, investigating the adaptive behaviour of organisms to environmental stimuli. In 1937 he joined the University of Minnesota as an Assistant Professor; it was in Minnesota that he wrote his first major work, The Behavior of Organisms (1938), in which he presented the principles of operant conditioning. In 1945 he was appointed Professor at Indiana University; there he wrote Walden Two (1948), a utopian treatment of how society might be based on learning principles--simultaneously fulfilling his earlier ambitions in the field of literature. In 1948 Skinner returned to Harvard, where he remained until his death--some 16 years past his “retirement” in 1974.
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Rubinstein, William D. "John Mosier,Deathride: Hitler vs. Stalin – The Eastern Front, 1941–1945." Intelligence and National Security 28, no. 1 (February 2013): 132–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02684527.2012.713793.
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Clifford, J. Garry. "Defiant Diplomat George Platt Waller: American Consul in Nazi-Occupied Luxembourg, 1939–1941. Edited by Willard Allen Fletcher and Joan Tucker Fletcher. (Newark, DE: University of Delaware Press, 2012. Pp. xxxii, 201. $80.00.)." Historian 76, no. 2 (June 1, 2014): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/hisn.12036_71.
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Callahan, Daniel M. "The Gay Divorce of Music and Dance: Choreomusicality and the Early Works of Cage-Cunningham." Journal of the American Musicological Society 71, no. 2 (2018): 439–525. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/jams.2018.71.2.439.
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This article explores the early collaborations of John Cage and Merce Cunningham, in which music and dance were united structurally and in expressive intent. Drawing on unexamined archival materials, I begin by highlighting the thematic content of the earliest Cage-Cunningham collaborations, Credo in Us (1942) and Four Walls (1944), of Cunningham's (rather than Martha Graham's) choreography for the Revivalist's solo in Appalachian Spring (1944), and of Cage's The Perilous Night (1943–44), premiered at the couple's debut concert. These works all portray a conflict between sexual desire and social conformity through marriage, a theme of pressing import as Cage left his wife to become Cunningham's partner. I then elucidate the programmatic nature of the first and last works that Cunningham choreographed to the music of Satie, Idyllic Song (1944) and Second Hand (1970), both of which use Cage's arrangements for piano of Satie's Socrate. Placing Cunningham's personal choreographic notes in dialogue with my own observation of rehearsals and performances, I suggest that Second Hand dramatizes not only the Socratic texts set in Satie's score but also the couple's relationship and their earlier dependence on and subsequent rejection of personal expression, a rejection that heightened their status within the postwar avant-garde. Instead of dismissing the collaborations of the 1940s as “early” or “anomalous,” I suggest that they are fundamental to understanding how Cage and Cunningham's relationship prior to their de facto marriage led to one of the most productive divorces in the history of artistic collaboration.
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Kurek, Marcin, and Justyna Ziarkowska. "“El vent lluita per ésser flor”. La idea de la metamorfosi en la poesia de Joan Brossa i Federico García Lorca." Studia Romanica Posnaniensia 48, no. 3 (October 14, 2021): 49–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/strop.2021.483.004.
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In the studies on poetry by Joan Brossa, his literary inspirations from the French tradition are indicated, but his connection with Spanish-language literature is almost nonexistent. The purpose of this article is to present Brossa’s testimonies about his Federico García Lorca readings and to compare his “Sonet del pur estrèpit” (1949) with Lorca’s “Muerte” (1931). Both poems show textual and conceptual similarities and share the theme of metamorphosis, so we propose their analysis to look for possible inspirations in different philosophical and aesthetic traditions (surrealism, Ovid, Darwin, Zen Buddhism).