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Schlaepfer, Aline. "Sidon against Beirut: Space, Control, and the Limits of Sectarianism within the Jewish Community of Modern Lebanon." International Journal of Middle East Studies 53, no. 3 (July 26, 2021): 424–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020743821000180.
AbstractWhen the State of Greater Lebanon was established in 1920, the Jewish Community Council of Beirut was officially recognized as the central administrative body within Lebanon, and although smaller communities such as Sidon and Tripoli also had their own councils they were consequently made subject to the authority of Beirut. In this context of political overhaul, I argue that some Jewish actors made use “from below” of political opportunities provided by sectarianism “from above”—or national sectarianism—to garner control over all Jewish political structures in Lebanon. But by examining in particular activities in and around the Israelite Community Council in Sidon (al-Majlis al-Milli al-Isra'ili bi-Sayda), I show how and why these attempts to practice new forms of sectarianism were met with resistance, despite connections that tied Lebanon's Jews together administratively in one community.
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Stillman, Norman A. "The Jews of Lebanon: Between Coexistence and Conflict (review)." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 21, no. 2 (2002): 176–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2002.0158.
Abadi, Jacob. "Israel and Lebanon: Relations Under Stress." Contemporary Review of the Middle East 7, no. 1 (March 2020): 90–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2347798919889783.
This article provides an analysis of the course of Israeli-Lebanese relations and its purpose is to shed light on the contacts between the Maronites in Lebanon and the State of Israel. It argues that the primary reason for the Maronites’ willingness to cooperate with the Jews was the fear that the rising tide of Arab nationalism in Lebanon would have adverse effects on their survival as a religious minority. Moreover, it demonstrates that these contacts laid the background for cooperation between the two communities which survived the vicissitudes of the Lebanese civil wars and still plays a role in Israeli foreign policy.
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Geva-Kleinberger. "On the Arabic Dialect of the Jews of Sidon/Lebanon." Zeitschrift für Arabische Linguistik, no. 74 (2021): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.13173/zeitarabling.74.0087.
Schulze, Kirsten E. "Point of Departure: The 1967 War and the Jews of Lebanon." Israel Affairs 15, no. 4 (October 2009): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537120903198613.
This article will present an overview of the archaeological work done on medieval Lebanon from the 19th century to the present. The period under examination is the late medieval period, from the 11th to the 14th centuries, encompassing the time when the region was under the control of various Islamic dynasties and the Crusaders. The archaeology of Lebanon has been somewhat neglected over the years, despite its importance for our understanding of the region in the medieval period, mainly because of the civil war (1975-1990), which made excavations and surveys in the country impossible and led to the widespread looting of sites (Hakiman 1987; Seeden 1987; Seeden 1989; Fisk 1991; Hakiman 1991; Ward 1995; Hackmann 1998; Sader 2001. In general, see Fisk 1990). Furthermore, many collections within Lebanon itself could not be visited for the purpose of study and even collections outside Lebanon remained largely neglected. The end Of the civil war, however, marked a time of renewed interest in the country's archaeology, particularly in the city of Beirut. Also, the identification of large numbers of Christian frescoes in the region meant that churches and their paintings were studied in detail for the first time. Although much had been lost during the civil war, it was clear the archaeological heritage of Lebanon remains critical to our understanding of the archaeology of the Levant. As a crossroads for Christians, Muslims, and Jews in the late medieval period, the region that is now Lebanon was of great importance in the 1 lth to 14th centuries.
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Valensi, Lucette. "Inter-Communal Relations and Changes in Religious Affiliation in the Middle East (Seventeenth to Nineteenth Centuries)." Comparative Studies in Society and History 39, no. 2 (April 1997): 251–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417500020612.
Religion … appears in all different sorts in Syria: Turks, Jews, Heretics, Schismatics, Naturalists, Idolaters; or to be more exact these are genera that have their species in great number, for in Aleppo alone we counted sixteen types of religions of which four were Turks different from each other; of Idolaters, there remains only one sort which worships the sun; of Naturalists, those who maintain the natural essence of God with some superstition concerning cows and who come from this side of the borders of Mogor; and the others without superstitions named Druze, living in Anti-Lebanon under a prince called the Emir. They pay a tribute to the Great Lord, and live in their own manner, naturally. From this one can see how necessary it is to have good missionaries, and virtuous ones, for all the scandals that go on in this Babylon, and learned men to refute so many errors. There are fourteen Sects or Nations differing from each other completely in Religion, in rite, in language, and in their manner of dressing: seven of these are Infidels, and seven Christians. The Infidels are Turks or Ottomans. Arabs, Kurds, Turcomans, Jezides, Druze and Jews. Among the Turks there are, moreover, several sects and cabals affecting Religious sentiments just as there are among the Jews.
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Hamui‐Halabe, Liz. "Re‐creating community: Christians from Lebanon and Jews from Syria in Mexico, 1900–1938." Immigrants & Minorities 16, no. 1-2 (March 1997): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02619288.1997.9974906.
The state of Israel has been involved in a long-standing violent conflict with its Arab neighbors, yet Jews and Arabs share a culinary passion: hummus. This humble dip of mashed chickpeas seasoned with tahini and lemon juice is ubiquitous in Middle Eastern public and private culinary spheres and is extremely popular among Arabs and Israeli Jews and, as of recently, among Western consumers lured by the health qualities of the “Mediterranean diet” and by the exotic nature of the dish itself. In 2008, hummus became the subject of a heated debate between Israel and Lebanon that revolved around cultural copyrights, culinary heritage, and economic revenues. In this article I return to the so-called Hummus Wars, a series of culinary undertakings performed in Lebanon and Israel in an attempt to claim ownership over hummus by setting a Guinness World Record for the largest hummus dish. I focus on one of these events, which attracted substantial attention in Israel and beyond: the breaking of the Guinness record at the Palestinian-Israeli village of Abu Gosh. In my analysis of this event I highlight two aspects of the “Hummus Wars” that are of specific interest to food scholars. First, I argue that food metaphors acquire a life of their own and may express unexpected meanings. Second, I point to the unexpected role of mediator undertaken by Palestinians of Israeli citizenship in this event. I suggest that a process of what I term “gastromediation” was taking place in Abu Gosh, in which the smooth oily paste was intended to serve as a material and social lubricant for the Israeli-Arab-Jewish-Palestinian conflict.
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Indelicato, Alessandro, and Juan Carlos Martín. "Attitudes towards Religions: The Impact of Being Out of the Religious Group." Religions 14, no. 10 (September 22, 2023): 1218. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel14101218.
Religious beliefs are a highly debated topic in the scientific literature. Various authors have approached this issue qualitatively and quantitatively. This study examines the attitudes towards out-religious groups, considering individuals’ socioeconomic characteristics. A new approach is introduced, utilising the Fuzzy-Hybrid TOPSIS method applied to the WZB—Berlin Social Science Center database. Four items that measure the general attitude towards (a) Jews, (b) Christians, (c) Muslims, and (d) atheists, are used, and a synthetic indicator is obtained to represent the individual attitude towards religions of Torah, Koran and Bible followers. Eight countries are analysed, encompassing diverse geographical and cultural backgrounds, including Germany, Cyprus, the United States, Lebanon, Palestine, Israel, Turkey, and Kenya. The results reveal that Germans are more open towards other religious and non-religious groups, while Lebanese citizens demonstrate the lowest levels. The findings show that Jews are the most tolerant towards other religious groups, whereas Muslims have the lowest attitudes level. Also, individual socioeconomic factors determine the attitudes towards other religious groups, such as age, education, income levels, and experiences of discrimination based on religion.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jews of Lebanon":
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Damberger, Nathan. "« La tendre mère » : la formation identitaire des Juifs du Liban. Le rôle de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle au XXe siècle (1943-1975)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUL048.
Notre thèse porte sur l’histoire de la communauté juive au Liban, notamment à partir de la fin du mandat français en 1943 et de la création de l’État d’Israël en 1948, jusqu’à sa désagrégation et dispersion au lendemain de la Guerre des Six-Jours en 1967. Nous souhaitons examiner la place cruciale occupée par l’Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), établissement éducatif principal de la communauté juive libanaise, dans la formation identitaire de ses anciens membres jusqu’à ce jour. À l'appui de notre travail d’archives et des entretiens menés au sein de la diaspora juive-libanaise aujourd’hui, nous avançons que le rôle de l’Alliance Israélite Universelle fut non seulement un important agent de socialisation des Juifs libanais, peut-être le principal, mais que les valeurs dispensées par cette institution renforçaient en outre la notion d’une appartenance ethnique commune et la croyance dans cette appartenance, ressentie comme primordiale. Cependant, cette prise en conscience subjective d’ethnicité – un terme que nous expliciterons et discuterons plus loin - est fortement circonstancielle et relationnelle, et donc non essentielle per se. Ce qui le prouve est d’ailleurs l’expérience migratoire des anciens membres de la communauté juive du Liban. Une expérience qui les conduisit à réévaluer leur conception de soi ainsi que le recours à des stratégies identitaires pour maintenir, changer, transformer ou rejeter leurs identités établies jusqu’à leur départ du Liban This thesis deals with the history of Lebanon’s Jewish community, in particular from the end of the French mandate period in 1943 and the creation of State of Israel in 1948 to its disintegration and dispersion in the aftermath of the 1967 Six-Day War. I will demonstrate the crucial place the Alliance Israélite Universelle (AIU), the community’s main educational institution, occupies in the identity formation of its former members to this day. Based on our archival work and interviews conducted in today’s Lebanese-Jewish diaspora world-wide, I argue that the AIU in Lebanon was not only a primary agent of socialization but more importantly an institution that reinforced the notion of belonging to a distinct and primordial ethnic community. I explore the subjective awareness of ethnic belonging which is profoundly contingent and relational rather than intrinsic and essential. This is illustrated by the migratory experience of the former members of this community, an experience which led to a reevaluation of their self-conception and the relying of identity strategies in order to keep, change, transform or reject their previously established identities
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Lebahn, Jens [Verfasser]. "Statistisch abgesicherte Restlebensdauervorhersage für wellenartige Strukturen unter Verwendung validierter Spannungsintensitätsfaktor-Lösungen / Jens Lebahn." München : Verlag Dr. Hut, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1045987891/34.
Salameh, Franck. "Prolegomenon: When Lebanon Loved the Jews." In Lebanon’s Jewish Community, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99667-7_1.
Salameh, Franck. "Lebanon of the Jews: An Introduction." In Lebanon’s Jewish Community, 23–43. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99667-7_2.
Simon, Reeva Spector. "Vichy in Syria and Lebanon." In The Jews of the Middle East and North Africa, 88–104. Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429276248-8.
"The Road to the Second Lebanese Civil War." In The Jews of Lebanon, 119–58. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3029qh1.16.
"Conjectures, Considerations, and Conclusions:." In The Jews of Lebanon, 179–86. Liverpool University Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv3029qh1.18.
Bolot, R., J. Li, and C. Coddet. "Modeling of Thermal Plasma Jets: A Comparison Between PHOENICS and FLUENT." In ITSC2004, edited by Basil R. Marple and Christian Moreau. ASM International, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2004p0764.
Abstract The modeling of thermal plasma jets is commonly used in order to obtain a better knowledge and understanding of the atmospheric plasma spray process. Many different software products are used in the literature at present but none of them present the same ease in integrating the plasma properties and none of them propose the same options: for example concerning turbulence modeling or concerning the implemented numerical methods. All that may result in differences in the converged solution and in the required computational time. For this reason, two different software products have been tested in the present study, namely the PHOENICS CFD code developed by CHAM (Wimbledon, UK) and the FLUENT CFD code developed by FLUENT Inc (Lebanon, NH, US). The comparisons concern different points such as the possibilities in implementing the plasma gas properties, the way the energy equation is considered, the available turbulence models or the implemented numerical methods. The conclusion indicates that some differences exist in the numerical results obtained using the two CFD packages.
