Academic literature on the topic 'Jews – Europe – History'

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Journal articles on the topic "Jews – Europe – History"

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Cassen, Flora. "Early Modern Jewish History." Church History and Religious Culture 97, no. 3-4 (2017): 393–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18712428-09703010.

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Whereas most fields devoted to the study of minorities define the subjects of their inquiries in opposition to the ethnic, racial, religious, or gender hierarchies of society, Jewish studies has, traditionally fashioned itself along the norms of the European, western humanistic tradition. In this essay I suggest that the study of Jews and Jewish life in and out of early modern Europe provides an opportunity to revise this paradigm and offer two directions for the future of the field: the synthesis of the Jews’ histories of persecution and integration in Europe; and the exploration of the Jews’ role in global history.
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Herman, David. "Psychoanalysis, Jews and History." European Judaism 55, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 86–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3167/ej.2022.550107.

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The early accounts of Freud’s life and the history of psychoanalysis tended to marginalise Jewishness and antisemitism. It is not that Ernest Jones, Henri F. Ellenberger and Richard Wollheim excluded them altogether. There were passing references to Freud’s Jewish background in Moravia, antisemitism in late nineteenth-century Vienna, his largely Jewish circle, his fascination with Moses and the psychoanalytic exodus after the Anschluss in 1938. However, there was a big shift after the 1980s and ’90s in the historiography of psychoanalysis. First, there was a growing interest in the culture and politics of fin-de-siècle Vienna and in Budapest and Prague. Second, there was a growing interest in the world of Jewish Orthodoxy in central and east Europe and its influence on Freud’s generation, and a new concern with antisemitism and race in nineteenth-century medical science and how psychoanalysis can be seen as a response to these new discourses.
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Hrytsak, Yaroslav. "Europe and the Jews–The Ukrainian Case." Journal of Modern European History 16, no. 1 (February 2018): 23–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17104/1611-8944-2018-1-23.

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Ioanid, Radu. "The Holocaust in Romania: The Iasi Pogrom of June 1941." Contemporary European History 2, no. 2 (July 1993): 119–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777300000394.

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In 1930, the Romanian Jewish community, one of the largest in Europe, numbered 756,930 members. Of these, about 150,000 lived in Northern Transylvania, which was occupied by Hungary in the summer of 1940; the remaining 600,000 Jews remained in territories ruled by Romania. In 1944, the Jews from Northern Transylvania shared the fate of the Hungarian Jews; only about 15,000 of them survived the deportations.
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St. Julian-Varnon, Kimberly. "Victoria Khiterer. Jewish City or Inferno of Russian Israel? A History of the Jews in Kiev Before February 1917." East/West: Journal of Ukrainian Studies 4, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 321. http://dx.doi.org/10.21226/t2334t.

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Book review of Victoria Khiterer. Jewish City or Inferno of Russian Israel? A History of the Jews in Kiev Before February 1917. Academic Studies Press, 2016. Jews of Russia and Eastern Europe and Their Legacy, series editor, Maxim D. Shrayer. xx, 474 pp. Illustrations. Tables. Maps. Appendix. Bibliography. Index. $89.00, cloth.
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Biddick, Kathleen, and Kenneth R. Stow. "Alienated Minority: The Jews of Medieval Latin Europe." History of Education Quarterly 34, no. 3 (1994): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/369960.

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Efron, John M., and Bernard Wasserstein. "Vanishing Diaspora: The Jews in Europe since 1943." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 28, no. 1 (1997): 96. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/206173.

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Tartakoff, Paola. "Jews and Crime in Medieval Europe." Journal of Jewish Studies 72, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 426–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.18647/3511/jjs-2021.

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Dominick, Raymond H., and Saul Friedlander. "Memory, History, and the Extermination of the Jews of Europe." German Studies Review 18, no. 1 (February 1995): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1431551.

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SAPOSNIK, ARIEH BRUCE. "EUROPE AND ITS ORIENTS IN ZIONIST CULTURE BEFORE THE FIRST WORLD WAR." Historical Journal 49, no. 4 (November 24, 2006): 1105–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x06005759.

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Zionism’s call for a Jewish return to ‘the East’ was rooted in part in a broader European fascination with ‘the Orient’. This interest in ‘the East’ coincided in time and in much of its imagery with a conceptual division of Europe itself into its ‘western’ and ‘eastern’ parts. The Jews were deeply implicated in these twin conceptualizations of ‘the Orient’ and of Europe’s own orient at home (referred to at times as halbasien, or half-Asia). The notion that Jews – particularly those of eastern Europe – constituted a semi-Asiatic, foreign element in European society became a pervasive trope by the latter part of the century, and one to which Zionist thought and praxis sought to respond in a variety of ways. When Zionists in Palestine, mostly eastern European Jews transplanted further east yet to the ‘Orient’, set out to create a new Hebrew national culture there, competing images of occident and Orient – resonating with a wide range of racial, social, political, and cultural overtones – would play defining roles in their praxis and in the cultural institutions, the rituals, and the national liturgy they would fashion.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jews – Europe – History"

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Leung, Joshua. "The Jews in Poland : a history of minorities diplomacy (1918-1939)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024IEPP0004.

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La fin de la Grande guerre et l’effondrement des empires en Europe centrale et orientale ont ouvert la voie à l’établissement des nouveaux États successeurs à ces empires. Le passage des empires aux États-nations a également donné naissance à un nouveau problème : celui des minorités au sein de ces nouveaux « États minoritaires ». La Pologne, le plus important de ces nouveaux États, est confrontée en particulier à une population dont un tiers n’est pas polonaise. Pour garantir les droits de ces minorités, les grandes puissances font signer la Pologne un traité des minorités. L’impulsion principale derrière la mise en place de ce traité des minorités avec la Pologne et le suivi de la situation des Juifs tout au long de la période d’entre-deux-guerres est assurée par de nombreuses associations juives qui mènent la « diplomatie minoritaire », une diplomatie menée au nom des minorités. Les interlocuteurs privilégiés de cette diplomatie étaient les ministères des Affaires étrangères des grandes puissances, notamment la France et la Grande-Bretagne, ainsi que des organisations internationales telles que la Société des Nations (SDN) et la société civile internationale. Cette diplomatie minoritaire connaît un succès marqué au moment de la conférence de la Paix en 1919, un succès qui est reproduit au cours des années vingt. Cependant, les années trente voient la perte d’influence de cette diplomatie, liée au déclin de la SDN. En fin de compte, la diplomatie minoritaire est devenue désuète après que la communauté internationale renonce aux droits collectifs des minorités en faveur des droits individuels et des transferts de population au lendemain de la Seconde Guerre mondiale
The end of the Great War and the collapse of the empires in East Central Europe paved the way for the establishment of the new successor states to these empires. The transition from empires to nation states also gave rise to a new problem: that of the minorities within these new ‘minorities states’. Poland, the largest of these new states, was faced in particular with a population of which one third was not Polish. In order to guarantee the rights of these minorities, the great powers made Poland sign a minorities treaty. The impetus behind the implementation of this minorities treaty with Poland and the monitoring of the situation of the Jews throughout the interwar period was ensured by a number of Jewish associations that conducted ‘minorities diplomacy’, a diplomacy conducted on behalf of the minorities. The main interlocutors for this diplomacy were the foreign ministries of the great powers, particularly Britain and France, as well as international organisations such as the League of Nations and the international civil society. This minorities diplomacy enjoyed a marked success at the Paris Peace Conference in 1919, a success that was repeated in the 1920s. However, the 1930s saw this diplomacy lose its influence, linked to the decline of the League of Nations. Ultimately, minorities diplomacy became obsolete after the international community abandoned the collective rights of minorities in favour of individual rights and population transfers in the aftermath of the Second World War
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Kauffman, Karen C. "Re-Inventing German Collective Memory: The Debate over the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe." Thesis, Boston College, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/557.

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Thesis advisor: Peter H. Weiler
Coming to terms with memory of the Nazi past has been a long and challenging task for the German nation. An important part of this process was the debate over building a national Holocaust memorial in Berlin, called the Memorial for the Murdered Jews of Europe. The debate began in 1989 and has arguably not yet ended. Occurring primarily in periodicals, political speeches and official colloquiums, the Denkmalstreit (memorial debate) was largely about German intellectuals developing a system of dealing with the Holocaust while redefining German identity in their own eyes and those of the world. The famous Historikerstreit (historian’s debate) of the 1980s raised the issues of the burden of shame and guilt on modern Germans, concern over forgetting the Holocaust, the uniqueness of the Holocaust and Jewish persecution, and the need to develop a new national identity. The Denkmalstreit dealt with these issues through the questions of whether to build a memorial and what it would mean, whether the memorial would be for descendents of perpetrators or victims, and what form the memorial should take. After closely examining these issues and the consensus the German intellectuals, politicians and artists reached in order to finally dedicate the memorial in 2005, I argue that Germany has done an exemplary job of coming to terms with the crimes of its past
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2008
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: History
Discipline: College Honors Program
Discipline: History Honors Program
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Geller, Joseph. "The manuscript version of the memoirs of Dov Ber Birkenthal (Ber of Bolochew)." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=22375.

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This thesis is concerned with the manuscript of the memoirs of Dov Ber Birkenthal, Ber of Bolechow. The memoirs describe Jewish existence in eighteenth century Poland and provide valuable information regarding economic, social and cultural matters of that era. Uncovered in 1912, the manuscript was edited and published in Hebrew and translated into English by Dr. M. Vishnitzer.
By primary supposition of the present thesis is that Dr. Vishnitzer's transcription of the manuscript is inaccurate, and for this reason, a re-working of the memoirs has been undertaken. In addition to providing an authentic transcription of the manuscript, this thesis also contains a description of Birkenthal's life, an analysis of the uniqueness of this somewhat exceptional person and an account of how the memoirs have been used in the literature. Moreover, the historical value of the memoirs has been assessed, and an indepth analysis of the flaws contained in Vishniter's transcription has been provided.
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Kizilov, Mikhail. "The Karaites, a religious and linguistic minority in Eastern Galicia (Ukraine) 1772-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:0d1c5b95-5f5a-4805-b90e-d2b54cbb9dd5.

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The dissertation is dedicated to the history of the East European Karaite Jews (Karaites), a highly interesting ethno-religious Jewish group. It focuses on the Karaites of Galicia (Ukraine) from 1772 to 1945. The first four chapters of the dissertation are devoted to the Austrian period in the history of the Galician Karaites (1772-1918). Chapter One demonstrates that the Karaites represent an unparalleled example of preferential treatment of a Jewish community by the Austrian administration. Chapter Two provides readers with an overview of the "internal" history of the Karaite communities of Halicz and Kukizow. Chapter Three outlines the religious and ethnographic customs and traditions of the Galician Karaites. Chapter Four focuses on relations between the Karaites and their ethnic neighbours - the Slavs and the Ashkenazic Jews. Chapter Five is dedicated to the history of the Karaites in Polish Galicia between the two world wars. It is in this period that the Karaites started to become more and more separated from the Ashkenazic Jews. Chapter Six reconstructs the process of dejudaization and Turkicization of the Karaite community, highlighting the role of Seraja Szapszal, the Karaite ideological leader. It ends with an analysis of the history of the community during the period of the Nazi occupation. Chapter Seven outlines the ultimate decline of the Galician community after the Second World War. It also describes the current state of the Galician Karaite community and its historical legacy. The conclusion provides some essential remarks regarding the position of the Karaite case within the wider framework of Jewish and European history.
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Wilkinson, Sarah. "Perceptions of public opinion. British foreign policy decisions about Nazi Germany, 1933-1938." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:e4be72fd-3dd2-44f5-8bf6-19922402e397.

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This thesis examines the historical problem of determining the relationship between a government's perception of public opinion and the decisions it takes. We introduce evidence for the social habits of the Cabinet in order to suggest new formulations of 'élite' and 'mass' public opinion. We argue that parliamentary opinion was generally more important in decision-making for the Cabinet, except at moments of extreme crisis when a conception of 'mass' opinion became equally significant. These characterization of mass opinion were drawn from a set of stereotypes about public opinion which academic and political theorization had produced. It is argued that this theorization was stimulated by ongoing debates about mass communication, the importance of the ordinary man in democracy and the outbreak of the first world war during the inter-war period. The thesis begins with an introduction to the methodological problems involved, followed by one chapter on theorization about public opinion in the inter-war period. Three diplomatic crises are considered in the case study chapters: the withdrawal of Germany from the Disarmament Conference in 1933, the German reoccuption of the Rhineland in 1936 and the threat of invasion of the Sudetenland in 1938. Two further chapters examine the role of public opinion in protests to Germany about the treatment of the Jews in 1933 and in 1938. It is argued that perceptions of public opinion played a much more important role in decision-making than has hiterto been thought. The most significant argument posits that perceptions of public opinion were equally as important as military considerations in the decision to refuse the Godesberg terms in 1938. More generally, the way in which politicians used public opinion rhetorically is described and the limits of the usefulness of the term for historians are suggested.
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Charak, Sarah Edith. "Anglo-Jews and Eastern European Jews in a White Australia." Thesis, Department of History, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/21137.

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This thesis traces the story of Australian Jewish identity from the colonial period to the end of the 1920s. Anglo-Jews aligned themselves with ‘white Australia’, arguing that their Jewishness was merely a private trait. Moments of crisis in the 1890s and 1920s, prompted by the possible and actual migration of Eastern European Jews to Australia, threatened to destabilise the place Anglo-Jews had carved out in Australian society, and forced a renegotiation of what it meant to be Jewish in Australia. These moments demonstrate that despite being notionally accepted in Australia, the whiteness of Jews was never guaranteed. Drawing on newspapers and government records, this thesis argues that since their arrival in Australia, Jews have been ambivalently and ambiguously placed in relation to Australian constructions of whiteness. As a group notoriously hard to define, Jews are an important case study in an analysis of the discursive world of ‘white Australia’, presenting new questions that challenge existing binaries of ‘white’ and ‘coloured’.
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White, Angela. "Jewish lives in the Polish language the Polish-Jewish Press, 1918--1939 /." [Bloomington, Ind.] : Indiana University, 2007. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3292443.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Indiana University, Dept. of History, 2007.
Title from dissertation home page (viewed May 28, 2008). Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 68-11, Section: A, page: 4832. Adviser: Maria Bucur.
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Skiles, William Stewart. "Preaching to Nazi Germany| The Confessing Church on National Socialism, the Jews, and the Question of Opposition." Thesis, University of California, San Diego, 2016. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10009352.

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This dissertation examines sermons delivered by Confessing Church pastors in the Nazi dictatorship. The approach of most historians has focused on the history of the Christian institutions, its leaders, and its persecution by the Nazi regime, leaving the most elemental task of the pastor ? that is, preaching ? largely unexamined. The question left unaddressed is how well did Confessing pastors fare in articulating their views of the Nazi regime and the persecution of the Jews through their sermons? To answer this question, I analyzed 910 sermons by Confessing Church pastors, all delivered or disseminated between 1933 and the end of World War II in Europe. I argue that new trends in preaching popular among Confessing Church pastors discouraged deviation from the biblical text in sermons, and thus one result was few criticisms concerning German politics and society. Nevertheless, a minority of pastors criticized the Nazi regime and its leaders for their racial ideology and claims of ?Aryan? superiority, and also for unjust persecutions against Christians. They condemned Nazism as a morally corrupt ideology in contradiction to Christianity. Further, I argue that these sermons provide mixed messages about Jews and Judaism. While on the one hand, the sermons express admiration for Judaism as a foundation for Christianity and Jews as spiritual cousins; on the other hand, the sermons express religious prejudice in the form of anti-Judaic tropes that corroborated the Nazi ideology that portrayed Jews and Judaism as inferior. In the final section of the dissertation I explore the ministries of German pastors of Jewish descent and argue that they not only experienced persecution from the Nazi state, but also from their own congregations. Nevertheless, the themes of their sermons are consistent with those found in those of their colleagues. My research demonstrates that the German churches were in fact places to offer criticism of the Nazi regime, which was often veiled through biblical imagery and metaphor. Yet the messages reveal criticism from a position of obedience and subservience to the state, and at the same time the expose a confused ambiguity about the Jews and Judaism and their relation to Christians in Nazi Germany.

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Lauer, Rena. "Venice's Colonial Jews: Community, Identity, and Justice in Late Medieval Venetian Crete." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://dissertations.umi.com/gsas.harvard:11520.

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This dissertation offers a social history of the Jews of Candia, Venetian Crete's capital, by investigating how these Jews related to their colonial sovereign, their Latin and Greek Christian neighbors, and their diverse co-religionists in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Latin ducal court records, Hebrew communal ordinances, and notarial materials reveal the unique circumstances of Venetian colonial rule on Crete, including the formalized social hierarchy dividing Latin and Greek Christians, ready access to the Venetian justice system, and Venetian accommodation of pre-colonial legal precedents. Together, these elements enabled and encouraged Jews--individuals and community alike--to invest deeply in the institutions of colonial society. Their investment fostered sustained, meaningful interactions with the Latin and Greeks populations. It even shaped the ways in which Jews engaged with one another, particularly as they brought their quotidian and intracommunal disputes before Venice's secular judiciaries. Though contemporary religious authorities frowned upon litigating against co-religionists in secular courts, people from across the spectrum of Candiote Jewry, from community leaders to unhappily married women, sought Venetian judicial intervention at times.
History
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Greear, Wesley P. "American immigration policies and public opinion on European Jews from 1933 to 1945." [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2002. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0322102-113418/unrestricted/Greear040102.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Jews – Europe – History"

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Toch, Michael. The economic history of European Jews. Leiden: Brill, 2012.

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Castelló, Elena Romero. The Jews and Europe: 2000 years of History. New York: Henry Holt, 1994.

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Castelló, Elena Romero. The Jews and Europe: 2,000 years of history. New York: Henry Holt, 1994.

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Romero, Elena. The Jews and Europe: 2,000 years of history. Edison, N.J: Chartwell Books, 1994.

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Romero, Elena. The Jews and Europe: 2000 years of History. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1994.

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Beate, Kosmala, and Tych Feliks, eds. Facing the Nazi genocide: Non-Jews and Jews in Europe. Berlin: Metropol, 2004.

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Beate, Kosmala, and Tych Feliks, eds. Facing the Nazi genocide: Non-Jews and Jews in Europe. Berlin: Metropol, 2004.

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John, Edwards. The Jews in Christian Europe, 1400-1700. London: Routledge, 1988.

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Alan, Signer Michael, and Van Engen John H, eds. Jews and Christians in twelfth-century Europe. Notre Dame: University of Notre Dame, 2001.

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1949-, Edwards John, ed. The Jews in Western Europe, 1400-1600. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jews – Europe – History"

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Haverkamp, Eva. "Jews in Christian Europe." In The Wiley-Blackwell History of Jews and Judaism, 167–206. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118232897.ch11.

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Guzowski, Piotr. "Eastward Migration in European History: The Interplay of Economic and Environmental Opportunities." In Perspectives on Public Policy in Societal-Environmental Crises, 325–32. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-94137-6_21.

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AbstractDuring the preindustrial era one of the major migration waves headed eastward to Eastern Europe, where scores of migrants, in their pursuit of happiness, hoped to fulfil their dreams, have their own farm or set up a company, achieve a higher social status, and benefit from religious freedom and tolerance. The first wave of migration was connected with German colonization and the establishment of settlements following the German law. The alluringly large expanses of “pristine” land, together with tax privileges and the prospects of relative autonomy, attracted scores of bold, enterprising and hard-working settlers to relocate to the East. Most of them were peasants and townsfolk from the German states and the Netherlands, but there were also Jews escaping discrimination in Western Europe as well as West-European Protestants and Catholics attracted by religious tolerance in the East. Prospects of freedom and economic success encouraged them all to choose Poland and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth as their second homeland.
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Eckmann, Monique. "History and Memory of the Other: An Experimental Encounter-Programme with Israeli Jews and Palestinians from Israel." In Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities, 133–52. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5307-5_10.

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Gans, Evelien. "‘Hamas, Hamas, All Jews to the Gas.’ The History and Significance of an Antisemitic Slogan in the Netherlands, 1945–2010." In Perceptions of the Holocaust in Europe and Muslim Communities, 85–103. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-5307-5_8.

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"Jews in Medieval Christian Europe." In Atlas of Jewish History, 94–106. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203806876-14.

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Endelman, Todd M. "Making Jews Modern." In Broadening Jewish History, 19–48. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113010.003.0002.

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This chapter analyses the assumption of the value of identity in illuminating Jewish behaviour in recent centuries for understanding the experience of Jews in earlier periods. It explains how Jews constituted a well-defined collective unit for whom questions of self-identification in medieval and early modern Europe rarely arose, such as who people are and what is their place. The chapter also highlights the difference between pre-modern European Jews and their neighbours by virtue of their religion, nationality or ethnicity, and legal status, including language, costume, employment, and social and cultural habits. The chapter cites religious traditions, social structures, and legal categories that defined the borders of the Jewish world, which remained stable throughout the medieval and early modern periods. It refers to the nature of correct belief and practice that is disputed within the Jewish world, such as rabbis who clashed over how best to know and serve God.
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Toch, Michael. "The Jews in Europe 500–1050." In The New Cambridge Medieval History, 545–70. Cambridge University Press, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/chol9780521362917.022.

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"Between Meta-History and Memory." In Jews and Muslims in Europe, 144–61. BRILL, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004514331_008.

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"Chapter Five Eastern Europe." In The Economic History of European Jews, 153–74. BRILL, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9789004235397_007.

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Gartner, Lloyd P. "Travail in Eastern Europe, 1815–1881." In History of the Jews in Modern Times, 162–90. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192892591.003.0006.

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Abstract The rift between west and east in European Jewry widened during the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. While the Jews in western Europe moved decisively towards emancipation and acculturation, those of eastern Europe lived under tsarist autocracy without personal liberty. Jews like others in Russia did not possess rights in general but lived in- stead under special laws which confined or deprived them in some way.
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Conference papers on the topic "Jews – Europe – History"

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Azulay Tapiero, Marilda. "Arquitectura, dispositivo de experiencia memorial. *** Architecture: a drive of memorial experience ." In 8º Congreso Internacional de Arquitectura Blanca - CIAB 8. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/ciab8.2018.7604.

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La arquitectura puede introducirnos en la experiencia de la memoria; memoria como reflexión, y arquitectura como dispositivo para la experiencia memorial a la vez que contenedor de la información. Cada objeto es definido en un proceso en el que considerar diversos actores, sus voluntades, opciones y experiencias. Es el caso de las obras que aborda este trabajo, en las que evidenciar e interrogarnos sobre el gesto arquitectónico, la memoria evocada y su interpretación social. Obras que han alcanzado notoriedad por diferentes motivos: como la Sala del Recuerdo, de Arieh Elhanani, Arieh Sharon y Benjamin Idelson (1961) en Yad Vashem, Jerusalén; por su significado científico e histórico, como el Museo de Historia del Holocausto, también en Yad Vashem, de Moshé Safdie (2005); por su relevancia cultural o arquitectónica, como el Museo Judío (Ampliación del Museo de Berlín con el Departamento del Museo Judío) de Daniel Libeskind en Berlín (1999); e incluso por la controversia que han suscitado, como el Monumento en Memoria de los Judíos Asesinados de Europa, también en Berlín, conocido como el Monumento del Holocausto, de Peter Eisenman (2004).***Architecture can introduce us to the experience of memory; memory as reflection, and architecture as a drive for the experience of remembering as well as a container of information. Each object is de ned in a process in which different actors, their wills, options and experiences, are taken into account. This is the case of the artworks addressed by the present communication, in which we reveal and ask ourselves about the architectural gesture, the evoked memory and its social interpretation. Artworks that have achieved prominence for different reasons, such as the Hall of Remembrance, of Arieh Elhanani, Arieh Sharon and Benjamin Idelson (1961) in Yad Vashem, Jerusalem; for its scientific and historical significance, such as the Holocaust History Museum, also in Yad Vashem, by Moshe Safdie (2005); for its cultural or architectural relevance, such as the Jewish Museum (Extension of the Berlin Museum with the Department of the Jewish Museum) by Daniel Libeskind in Berlin (1999); and even because of the controversy they have raised, such as the Memorial to the Murdered Jews of Europe, also in Berlin, known as the Holocaust Memorial, by Peter Eisenman (2004).
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Nita-Cocieru, Mariana. "Digitization and preservation of archival material on the historical and cultural evolution of jews in Bessarabia." In Simpozion Național de Studii Culturale, dedicat Zilelor Europene ale Patrimoniului. Ediția III. Institute of Cultural Heritage, Republic of Moldova, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.52603/sc21.22.

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In the present paper, the author refers to the importance of applying measures to safeguard the cultural heritage of the Jewish community in Bessarabia, to the good practices achieved in this field, as well as to the advantages and disadvantages of information technology on capitalizing cultural memory artifacts. Digitization has been a priority for cultural heritage institutions around the world for more than 15 years. Lately, this technological process has also become an opportunity for the „Itzik Mangher” Jewish Library. The impact is major as since the last decade of the previous century, this institution has been meant to gather and preserve the cultural memory of the Jewish people living on the territory of the Republic of Moldova; to educate the younger generation in the spirit of forming a clear vision of the historical and literary heritage of the Jews within the general history of this European region; to permanently develop the museum collections of the library and to set up a Museum-Cognitive Bibliological Complex of Literature and Culture of the Jews of Moldova.
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