Academic literature on the topic 'Jews – england – social conditions'
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Journal articles on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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Tarasovych, O. I. "legal status and economic state of the cities of Halicia within the Austrian empire (1772–1867)." Uzhhorod National University Herald. Series: Law 2, no. 76 (June 14, 2023): 264–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.24144/2307-3322.2022.76.2.42.
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The article analyzes the legal status and economic condition of the cities of Galicia as part of the Austrian Empire (1772–1867). It is noted that urban planning activity is traditionally determined by several factors that influence the form and nature of the development of urban settlements. First, it is a factor of natural conditions – the influence of climate, geographical and topographical position, geological conditions, relief. Secondly, it is an economic factor – conditions that contribute to the development of the economy and trade, including the availability of natural resources. Thirdly, it is a security (military) factor – the ability to protect life and property during potential wars (historically, this factor was often associated with favorable natural conditions – hills, swamps, river basins). Fourthly, it is a communication factor – connection with other cities, location on trade routes. Fifth, the factor of urban composition is the conscious creation of the form and structure of the city; activity of the urban planner. Sixth, the legal factor is a set of regulatory acts that regulate the organization of the city, development both from a spatial (location) and social point of view (this factor is at the center of our research). These factors are universal in nature and operate regardless of country or culture.It has been established that urban development activity was determined by the owners of the cities: some of the owners sought to demonstrate their wealth and success. The city, which functioned effectively, was distinguished by its appearance on the landscape. However, the functioning of cities did not go beyond the model of the functioning of feudalism in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. In this regard, it is worth quoting the words of tycoon Jan Zamoyski: “Cities flourish in Western Europe, because the city-state has great rights there. But since this splendor comes at the expense of noble liberty, I prefer not to have it at such a price. People’s happiness is judged not by crafts, not by walls and large buildings, which we do not lack.” This quotation well characterizes the role of private cities in the urban network of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the 16th and 17th centuries.Urbanization on the territory of Galicia as part of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth differed from that of Western Europe in that it was not a matter of the central government, but mainly of private initiative. Royal foundations were rare in Poland in the 17th and 18th centuries. As a result, the share of private cities in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth increased in the 17th–18th centuries. to about two-thirds. Private cities also existed in other European countries, such as in Germany, France and England, but nowhere were they as dominant as in Poland. This specific aspect of Polish urbanization played a major role in shaping the ethnic and religious structure of cities. Poles and Jews made up the majority of the inhabitants of cities and towns, while Ukrainians were mostly peasants and lived in villages and city suburbs.
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Yuval-Naeh, Avinoam. "England, Usury and the Jews in the Mid-Seventeenth Century." Journal of Early Modern History 21, no. 6 (December 7, 2017): 489–515. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700658-12342542.
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Abstract The first half of the seventeenth century saw a profound structural shift in the English economy and economic discourse. One of the controversial issues under dispute was the nature of usury. This paper sheds light on the enduring association of Jews with usury and seeks to demonstrate how the two concepts came to be decoupled in mid-seventeenth century England. It focuses on two case studies—the Jewish readmission polemic and Harrington’s Oceana—and examines two different channels through which this decoupling occurred. Reading these cases through the perspective of usury offers new insights not only into developing attitudes towards the Jews, but also into the different ways of coping with changing relations between traditional theological-economic paradigms and a shifting social reality in early modern England.
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Vidas, Marina. "Un Deu Enemi. Jews and Judaism in French and English Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts in the Royal Library." Fund og Forskning i Det Kongelige Biblioteks Samlinger 55 (March 3, 2016): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.7146/fof.v55i0.118912.
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Marina Vidas: Un Deu Enemi. Jews and Judaism in French and English Medieval Illuminated Manuscripts in the Royal Library
The article analyzes images of and texts about Jews and Judaism in five medieval illuminated manuscripts in the collection of the Royal Library, Copenhagen. I begin by examining the references to Jews in a bestiary (MS GKS 3466 8º) composed in the twelfth century by Philippe de Thaon for Queen Adeliza of England and copied a century later in Paris. Then I analyze depictions of Jews in a French early thirteenth-century personal devotional manuscript (MS GKS 1606 4º) as well as in a number of related de luxe Psalters and Bibles in foreign collections. Textual references to Judaism and Jews are examined in a compilation of saints’ lives (MS Thott 517 4º) as well as depictions of individuals of this faith in an Hours (MS Thott 547 4º), both made in fourteenth-century England for members of the Bohun family. Lastly, I analyze images illustrating legends derived from the Babylonian Talmud in a Bible historiale (MS Thott 6 2º), executed for Charles V of France (r. 1364–1380).I argue that images depicting Jews in narrative cycles had a number of meanings, some of which can be interpreted as anti-Jewish. I suggest that the images also played a role in shaping the piety of their audiences as well as the intended viewers’ understanding of their social identity. Indeed, depictions of Jews in the manuscripts seem mostly unrelated to the actually existing Jews. Members of the Hebrew faith were often represented in contexts in which their appearance, beliefs, and activities were distorted to emphasize the holiness, goodness, and perfection of Christ and the Virgin Mary. It is also suggested that their representations may have spurred a reflection on, and sometimes even a criticism of, Christian behavior and attitudes.
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Rochelson, Meri‐Jane. "Jews, gender, and genre in late‐Victorian England: Amy levy'sReuben Sachs." Women's Studies 25, no. 4 (June 1996): 311–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00497878.1996.9979116.
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Mousavi Dalini, Javad, and Arash Yousefi. "Exploring Push-Pull Factors Affecting Iranian Jews’ Emigration to Palestine, 1925-1954: A Social History Approach." Al-Jami'ah: Journal of Islamic Studies 61, no. 1 (January 21, 2024): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/ajis.2023.611.181-208.
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One of the controversial issues in the twentieth century was the mass immigration of Jews around the world to Palestine/Israel. For the majority of Jews who immigrated from Europe to Palestine/Israel, immigration represented an ideological paradigm constituted by two significant factors, namely race/religion and land. However, for the large proportion of Jews coming from eastern territories, such as Iranian Jews, immigration was mainly a phenomenon affected by conflicts between socio-economic conditions in their countries of origin and those in the destination. The purpose of this study is to investigate the emigration of Iranian Jews to Palestine by relying on a pull-push framework. The study argues that socio-economic turmoil in Iran and the unfavourable economic conditions affecting Jews, along with discrimination against them, were the push factors in their country of origin. Meanwhile, the pull factors in the destination were Palestine’s economic attractiveness, Jews’ need for an increasing Jewish population in Palestine to deal with Arab nations’ sanctions, and the importance of employing an incoming workforce to handle the country’s domestic problems in terms of economy, agriculture, and materials management in the first six years after the establishment of the Israel state.[Salah satu isu kontroversial di abad kedua puluh adalah imigrasi massal orang-orang Yahudi di seluruh dunia ke Palestina/Israel. Bagi mayoritas orang Yahudi yang berimigrasi dari Eropa ke Palestina/Israel, imigrasi mewakili paradigma ideologis yang dibentuk oleh dua faktor penting, yaitu ras/agama dan tanah. Namun, bagi sebagian besar orang Yahudi yang datang dari wilayah timur, seperti orang Yahudi Iran, imigrasi terutama merupakan fenomena yang dipengaruhi oleh kesenjangan antara kondisi sosial ekonomi di negara asal dan negara tujuan. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui emigrasi Yahudi Iran ke Palestina berdasarkan faktor-faktor pendorong-penariknya. Penulis berpendapat bahwa gejolak sosial-ekonomi di Iran dan kondisi ekonomi yang tidak menguntungkan orang-orang Yahudi, serta diskriminasi terhadap mereka, merupakan faktor pendorong di negara asal mereka. Sementara itu, faktor penarik dari destinasinya adalah daya tarik ekonomi Israel, kebutuhan masyarakat Yahudi akan peningkatan populasi Yahudi di Israel untuk menghadapi sanksi negara-negara Arab, dan pentingnya menambah tenaga kerja baru untuk menangani permasalahan domestik negara tersebut dari segi perekonomian. pertanian, dan pengelolaan material dalam enam tahun pertama setelah berdirinya negara Israel.]
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Katz, David S. "The Abendana Brothers and the Christian Hebraists of Seventeenth-Century England." Journal of Ecclesiastical History 40, no. 1 (January 1989): 28–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022046900035417.
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One of the most striking features of the first decades of open Jewish resettlement in England is the speed with which Jews managed to integrate themselves into so many different spheres of English life. From the first appointment of a Jew as a broker on the Exchange in 1657 to the first Jewish knighthood in 1700, the story is one of a dramatic rise in the acquisition of rights, privileges and special consideration. So, too, had Jews long been a part of English intellectual and academic life, but before Cromwell's tacit permission of Jewish residence in 1656 only Jewish converts to Christianity dared to make their appearance at English universities. This pattern was broken with the Abendana brothers, Jacob (d. 1685) and Isaac (d. 1699), Hebrew scholars and bibliophiles who came to London from Holland after the Restoration. Jacob Abendana, in the last four years of his life, was rabbi of the Sephardic community in London; Isaac, from at least 1663, taught Hebrew at Oxford and Cambridge. Both men were very much in demand by English scholars, who turned to them to solve Hebraic problems of various kinds and to procure Hebrew books for themselves and for university libraries. Both brothers worked on the first translations of the Mishnah into European languages and thus helped make available to Christian scholars this central core of the Talmud, the Jewish ‘oral’ law. Finally, it was Isaac Abendana who invented the Oxford diary and thereby made a permanent mark on the social habits of the university in which he laboured.
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Falk, Raphael. "Zionism and the Biology of the Jews." Science in Context 11, no. 3-4 (1998): 587–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269889700003239.
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The ArgumentWhereas eugenics aspired to redeem the human species by forcing it to face the realities of its biological nature, Zionism aspired to redeem the Jewish people by forcing it to face the realities of its biological existence. The Zionists claimed that Jews maintained their ancient distinct “racial” identity, and that their regrouping as a nation in their homeland would have profound eugenic consequences, primarily halting the degeneration they fell prey to because of the conditions imposed on them in the past. Some Zionists believed in a Lamarckian driven eugenics that expected the “normalization” of Jewish life styles to change their constitution. Others believed that transforming conditions would shift selective pressures exerted on the Jewish gene pool.
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Shchupak, Igor. "The rescue of Jews from the Nazi genocide by the inhabitants of Eastern Galicia." European Spatial Research and Policy 28, no. 1 (June 30, 2021): 73–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1231-1952.28.1.04.
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The rescue of Jews during the Second World War is one of the least studied issues in the historiography of the Holocaust. The Galicia Region, one of the areas where a total Nazi extermination of Jews occurred, became a region from where a large number of Righteous Among the Nations came – Ukrainians and Poles. The article includes an analysis of the motivations that became the basis for people’s decision to help Jews under the extreme conditions which threatened their lives and the lives of their close ones. It highlights the response of the occupation authorities to rescue actions taken by the non-Jewish population. Despite the unambiguity of the Nazi orders to punish severely those who helped Jews, the real implementation of such sanctions varied. Finally, the article analyses the main determinants (of social, economic, and religious nature) that played an important role in making the decision whether to join the rescue process. The article concludes that no political which could had saved Jews, did lead to any systematic rescue efforts directed at Western Ukrainian Jews, yet the survival of those Jews who were hunter was possible for the deeds of some Polish and Ukrainian people.
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Woolham, John, Caroline Norrie, Kritika Samsi, and Jill Manthorpe. "The employment conditions of social care personal assistants in England." Journal of Adult Protection 21, no. 6 (November 28, 2019): 296–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-06-2019-0017.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to describe the employment conditions of social care personal assistants (PAs) in England. In England, disabled adults have been able to directly employ people to meet their care or support needs for a number of years, little is known about the employment conditions of people who are directly employed. Design/methodology/approach PAs were recruited mainly through third sector and user led organisations. A total of 105 social care PAs took part in a semi-structured telephone interview, which on average was an hour long. Interviews were fully transcribed. Quantitative data were analysed using SPSS (v.24) and qualitative data by NVIVO software. Findings The paper focuses on employment conditions: contracts, pay, pensions, national insurance, overtime, holiday and sick pay, etc. Access to training and support are also described. Though PAs enjoyed considerable job satisfaction, many did not enjoy good employment conditions. Though employer abuse was uncommon, many PAs could arguably be described as exploited. Occupational isolation and lack of support to resolve disputes was striking. Research limitations/implications Though this may be currently the largest qualitative study of PAs in the UK, it is nonetheless relatively small and no claims for generalisability are made, though the geographical spread of the sample was wide and recruited from multiple sites. Practical implications PAs are an effective way of establishing relationship-based care, and confer direct control to disabled employers. Many PAs experienced high job satisfaction. However, lack of regulation and oversight creates considerable potential for exploitation or abuse. This may make the role less attractive to potential PAs in the medium term. Social implications Social care PAs may be a very effective means of achieving genuinely person-centred care or support for many people. However, PAs do not always appear to enjoy satisfactory conditions of employment and their role is largely unregulated. Growth and long-term sustainability of this emergent role may be jeopardised by these employment conditions. Originality/value Little is known about PA working conditions. This study suggests that much more needs to be done to improve these.
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Ormrod, W. Mark. "England's Immigrants, 1330–1550: Aliens in Later Medieval and Early Tudor England." Journal of British Studies 59, no. 2 (April 2020): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jbr.2019.282.
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AbstractThis article, a revised and annotated version of a plenary lecture given at the North American Conference on British Studies meeting in October 2018, considers the place and significance of aliens in England's history between the expulsion of the Jews in 1290 and the arrival of the French and Dutch Protestants from the 1540s onward. It draws extensively on a new database of immigrants to England between 1330 and 1550, which itself relies principally on the remarkable records generated by a tax on aliens resident in England, collected at various points between 1440 and 1487. Aliens emerge as a significant element in English society—sometimes chastised, sometimes subject to violence and other abuse, but also recognized clearly for their contribution to the economy. If immigrants were sometimes seen as a potentially disruptive presence, they were also understood to be a natural and permanent part of the social order.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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Freeman, Mark David. "Social investigation in rural England, 1870-1914." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1999. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1130/.
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This thesis analyses the work of a large group of social investigators who were active in rural areas in the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. It follows on from studies of the investigations of Charles Booth, Seebohm Rowntree, Henry Mayhew and others, and shows how the investigation of rural life proceeded on different lines from the urban social inquiry of the period. It is argued that the political and social conflicts between town and country, and within the rural community itself, shaped the activities of the investigators considered. The model of a conflict between the 'informant' approach (where trustworthy authorities were asked to comment on the condition of the agricultural labourer) and the 'respondent' approach (where the labourer was consulted at first hand) is used to illustrate the complexity of the structure or rural social inquiries of the period. It is shown that the kinds of information which could be obtained from the two approaches differed, and that the same event or condition could be reported on very differently from two conflicting points of view. This argument is taken a study further by an examination of another genre of writers on the agricultural labourer. It is argued that the social commentary, usually by resident investigators, which tended to be cultural rather than economic in character, was as much a part of the project of social investigation as was the large-scale official inquiry or social survey. Drawing on the work of the few historians who have seriously analysed this genre of writers in its urban context, the thesis applies an analysis of this form of investigation in rural areas. The perceived need to communicate with the rural poor on a deeper level was another aspect of the 'respondent' approach to investigation, and is as much a forerunner of modern sociological method as is the classic social survey. The thesis also shows how the representations of rural communities and of agricultural labourers in the texts of the period affected the practice of investigators, and argues that the notion of the countryside as a scene of social peace and a repository of racial hardihood caused them to approach the task of investigation with particular preconceptions which shaped their diagnoses of the problems of rural life.
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Aston, Jennifer. "Female business owners in England, 1849-1901." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2012. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/3805/.
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This doctoral thesis uses female entrepreneurship as a case study to highlight the flaws and limitations of using gender as a lens to view the social and economic opportunities available to women in nineteenth-century England. Through analysing trade directory data, and reconstructing the lives of a hundred businesswomen using sources including census returns,newspapers, photographs, probate records and advertisements, this thesis demonstrates that female entrepreneurs did not conform to a historiography that would see them solely employed in ‘feminine’ trade types or in ‘feminine’ ways of trading. Rather, women remained an integral part of the urban economy across England throughout the nineteenth-century with a consistent percentage of female owned firms engaged in making products. Analysis of the hundred case studies reveals that women were able to become business owners through a variety of means and they remained the senior partner in family firms until they chose to retire or died. This thesis also shows how women could use their position as business owners to acquire the luxury possessions and display the investment and asset distribution behaviours that men used to secure their middle class status, thus demonstrating that economically independent women could achieve and maintain middle-class status.
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Aviram-Freedman, Eilat. ""Making oranges from lemons": experiences of support of South African Jewish senior citizens following the emigration of their children." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2005. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&.
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Family is widely expected to be the main source of support for Senior Citizens and, like many religions and cultures, the Jewish tradition has expectations of filial obligations of care. South Africa and its Jewish community have experienced increased emigration over the last decade resulting in many Senior Citizens remaining in South Africa after all their children have emigrated. A phenomenological methodology was used in this study, with the aim of gaining more understanding, firstly about what is experienced by Senior Citizens as beneficial and not beneficial in regards to support in general and secondly about the challenges of later stages of life from Senior Citizens&rsquoperspective, especially without expected support of offspring. In-depth interviews were conducted with eight Jewish women, aged over 75, who find themselves in such a position. Their experiences are described in terms of social, practical, emotional and spiritual support as well as in terms of the contextual experiences that necessitate support. The overall experience was found to be one of managing aloneness and dealing with the loss of family and its accompanying sense of belonging. It includes constantly missing one&rsquo
s family, trying to keep in satisfyingly regular contact and trying to comprehend, justify and accept their emigration in terms of expected intergenerational roles. It demands adjusting to constant changes in supports and in one&rsquo
s independence and identity and finding the motivation to strive to remain alive and discover meaning in the painful situation. In the face of all this, there is also a discovery of previously unsuspected new strengths in being able to cope with these difficulties and an exciting new sense of liberation in catering only for oneself. A model of perceived Ideal Support was uncovered comprising a hierarchy of needs within such support, including
Consistency, Reliability, Role Fulfilment, Desire to Support, Respect, Dignity, Enabled Independence, Affection, Like-Mindedness and Belonging.
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Unwin, Peter Frederick. "The role of agency social work in England : a case study." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2013. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/63880/.
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This study explored the views and perceptions about agency social work in England. At its core is the first known case study of adult services social work teams in a rural local authority. The case study took place over the period 2008- 2010 and used qualitative methodology to capture perspectives from agency and employed social workers, agency and employed managers and agency and employed administrative staff. Agency social work was seen to have developed from a background of deteriorating conditions in local government employment and in the absence of effective and flexible workforce planning. Labour process theory provided a meaningful framework to help explore the phenomenon of agency social work within a public sector increasingly dominated by markets and managerialism. A directional tendency towards a degraded workplace was noted despite some perceptions of upskilling in respect of agency social workers. A range of explanations regarding the motivation and the experiences of agency social workers was found that largely supported previous case study findings from urban local authorities. The roles carried out by employed social workers under the care management system were indistinguishable from those of agency social workers, several agency social workers having remained in post for periods of two years or more. No ways of working were identified as being particularly tailored to a rural context. The antipathy toward agency social workers noted in previous case studies was largely absent in the rural case study and agency social workers were not perceived as part of the private sector. Issues regarding the cost-effectiveness of agency social work and its affect on service users and carers were inconclusive. Recommendations for further research were made and agency social work was seen as being likely to remain as a core feature of modernised social work while vacancies remain high and alternative models for contingency workforce planning remain absent.
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Nitcholas, Mark C. "The Evolution of Gentility in Eighteenth-Century England and Colonial Virginia." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2000. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc2617/.
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This study analyzes the impact of eighteenth-century commercialization on the evolution of the English and southern American landed classes with regard to three genteel leadership qualities--education, vocation, and personal characteristics. A simultaneous comparison provides a clearer view of how each adapted, or failed to adapt, to the social and economic change of the period. The analysis demonstrates that the English gentry did not lose a class struggle with the commercial ranks as much as they were overwhelmed by economic changes they could not understand. The southern landed class established an economy based on production of cash crops and thus adapted better to a commercial economy. The work addresses the development of class-consciousness in England and the origins of Virginia's landed class.
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Buckle, Sebastian. "Homosexual identity in England, 1967-2004 : political reform, media and social change." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2012. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/367041/.
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The thesis concentrates on examining how images and representations have shaped a discourse on homosexuality, and how, in turn, this has shaped a gay and lesbian social and group identity. It explores the political, media, and social spheres to show how at any point during this period, images of homosexuality and identity were being projected in society, contributing to public ideas about sexual identity. This is broken down into three chronological time periods: a ‘gay liberation’ period during the 1960s and 1970s, a ‘visible subculture’ period during the late 1970s and 1980s, and a ‘becoming mainstream’ period in the 1990s and early 2000s. The central premise of this thesis is that identity is not just self-created, but is often the result of the images and messages we see around us. Thus while other historians have concentrated on how men and women have created and adopted their own sexual identities, this thesis looks at how images in society have influenced a public discourse on homosexuality which has helped create social and group identities. Taken together, these images help create a group identity, which often has much more relevance for how the majority of people understand what it means to define someone as a gay man or a lesbian in any of the three periods studied. Thus, a publically-perceived sexual identity is created which is used by both heterosexual people in forming ideas about gay life, and homosexual people in discovering their own sexuality and sexual identity. The political/legal sections of the thesis use a wealth of primary sources including Hansard, Government reports, oral testimony, lobbying papers, manifestos, memoirs, public statements, newsletters, minutes, and social surveys. The media sections use newspapers, magazines, films, and television programmes, while the social sections rely on oral testimony, the records of gay groups, pictures, newsletters, maps, health campaign literature, memoirs, and news articles. Taken together, they provide examples of the dominant images being projected in the three time periods, by these three media. While this thesis recognises that there is no single gay identity at any one point – with various exclusions and competing ideas being presented – there is a more general picture framed in each of these periods. The conclusion recognises the role of images in society in creating sexual identities, while also examining the overall development of a gay social and group identity from its inception at the beginning of this period, to its place at the end.
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Shain, Milton. "The foundations of antisemitism in South Africa : images of the Jew c.1870-1930." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22475.
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Bibliography: pages 366-388.Historians of South African Jewry have depicted antisemitism in the 1930s and early 1940s as essentially an alien phenomenon, a product of Nazi propaganda at a time of great social and economic trauma. This thesis argues that antisemitism was an important element in South African society long before 1930 and that the roots of anti-Jewish outbursts in the 1930s and early 1940s are to be found in a widely-shared negative stereotype of the Jew that had developed out of an ambivalent image dating back to the 1880s. By then two embryonic but nevertheless distinctive images of the Jew had evolved: the gentleman - characterised by sobriety, enterprise and loyalty - and the knave, characterised by dishonesty and cunning. The influx of eastern European 'Peruvians' in the 1890s and the emergence of the cosmopolitan financier at the turn of the century further contributed towards the evolution of an anti-Jewish stereotype. By 1914, favourable perceptions of the Jew, associated mainly with the acculturated Anglo-German pioneer Jews, had eroded substantially and the eastern European Jew by and large defined the essence and nature of 'Jewishness'. Even those who separated the acculturated and urbane Jew from the eastern European newcomer exaggerated Jewish power and influence. Herein lay the convergence between the philosemitic and the antisemitic view. War-time accusations of avoiding military service, followed by the association of Jews with Bolshevism, consolidated the anti-Jewish stereotype. In the context of the post-war economic depression and burgeoning black radicalism, the eastern European Jew emerged as the archetypical subversive. Thus the Rand Rebellion of 1922 could be construed as a Bolshevik revolt. As eugenist and nativist arguments penetrated South African discourse, eastern European immigrants were increasingly perceived as a threat to the 'Nordic' character of South African society as well as a challenge to the hegemony of the English mercantile establishment. Nevertheless antisemitism in the crude and programmatic sense was rejected. The 1930 Quota Act ushered in a change and heralded the transformation of 'private' antisemitism into 'public' antisemitism. While this transformation was clearly related to specific contingencies of the 1930s, this thesis argues that there is a connection and a continuity between anti-Jewish sentiment, as manifested in the image of the Jew prior to 1930, and anti-Jewish outbursts and programmes of the 1930s and early 1940s. In short, anti-Jewish rhetoric at this time resonated precisely because a negative Jewish stereotype had been elaborated and diffused for decades.
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Sveinsson, Kjartan Páll. "Swimming against the tide : trajectories and experiences of migration amongst Nigerian doctors in England." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 2015. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/3279/.
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High emigration countries tell a confusing story of how migration cycles can contribute to the sustainable economic development of some poor countries in some ways but hamper it in others. A number of social, economic and political factors – on local, national and global levels – interact to influence success, or lack thereof, in activating diasporas to contribute to the development of their home countries. Various actors – including states, civil society, and minority groups – within the 'transnational social space' impact on migrants' capacity to send 'social remittances' and engage with transnational processes. This study looks at a particular cadre of highly skilled migrants – Nigerian doctors working in the NHS in England – as a lens through which to explore these broader processes. Africa has: 3% of the world's health-workers; 11% of the global population; 24% of the global burden of disease. Yet 28% of sub-Saharan African doctors have left the continent to practice medicine in a handful of OECD countries, with enormous social and economic costs to sending countries. The NHS is highly dependent on overseas doctors – 28% are trained overseas, and 75% of these are from low income countries. Yet there is a long history of discriminatory practice towards overseas doctors in the NHS. Overseas doctors tend to be over-represented in lower grades, and under-represented in senior positions: the higher up the NHS hierarchy you look, the whiter the doctors become. This study traces the migratory trajectories of 32 Nigerian doctors who have studied and/or worked in England, their experiences of professional development within the NHS, and their involvement in community and transnational activities that induce (or hinder) the transfer of skills and resources. Their narratives are connected to broader aspects of immigration policy, structural discrimination, and transnational processes to explore how their place within the transnational social space impacts on their ability to obtain transferable knowledge, and how they use this knowledge to make a contribution to the development of the healthcare sector in Nigeria.
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Voskou, Angeliki. "Social change and history pedagogy in Greek supplementary schools in England." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2018. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/8320/.
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This doctoral study examined the pedagogy of history and heritage in four Greek supplementary schools in England and how this influences the development of students' identities in a period of continuous social change. The study followed a case study design and a mixed-method methodology. The methods employed were documentary research, questionnaires, interviews and ethnographic observations. It was conducted in three distinct phases. The pre-phase of the research examined the history of Greek migration in the UK. The second, quantitative phase and the third, qualitative phase, explored participants' attitudes, perceptions and practices on history pedagogy and identity development. A notable finding of this doctoral research is that the structure of the Greek community and Greek supplementary schools in England are undergoing a dynamic change due to the influx of Greek and Greek-Cypriot migrants in the UK recently. While this change is undergoing, the findings of this research revealed that a part of pedagogical practices appear to reflect this need for a change, while some others continue to reproduce the wish of preserving primordial notions of culture and ethnicity. This doctoral study stresses the need for a reconsideration of policies and practices to suit the current fluid context of late modernity.
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Burls, Robin J. "Society, economy and lordship in Devon in the age of the first two Courtenay earls, c. 1297-1377." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:30404220-43bf-41b7-b70a-f18624594c08.
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This thesis is a contribution to the social history of medieval Devon and the south- west in the lifetimes of the first two Courtenay earls, Hugh II (1275-1340) and Hugh III (1303-77). The fourteenth century was an era of particular importance to the region's social evolution, in which many sectors of the non-agrarian economy - cloth production, mining fishing, ship-building, intermational commerce - attained impressive levels of growth, interrupted perhaps only moderately by the demographic crises of the middle decades. Further encouragement to economic prosperity came from the war with France, which stimulated demographic and urban communities on the south coast and provided fresh opportunities for employment and personal advancement. Against this backdrop of economic change, the pattern of aristocratic power in the south-western peninsula was undergoing a fundamental transformation and shift in focus. Two great Anglo-Norman honors were united in 1297 under the Courtenays, giving a single aristocratic dynasty unprecedented influence and leverage over local society. Permanently resident in the county and led by vigorous personalities, the family rapidly became ubiquitous in all sectors of public life and the region experienced a quality and intensity of lordship rarely witnessed in the previous two centuries. The current work supplies a deficiency in the study of the medieval south-west, but also makes a case for extending the remit of a traditional county-based study to encompass a wider cultural and economic hinterland. Particular attention is paid to the influence of the physical landscape and geography on economic and seignorial development in medieval society. The thesis is divided into two parts: the first dealing with the economic and social infrastructure, and 'setting the scene' with a long-term historical survey; the second focusing specifically on the fourteenth century and placing a discussion of local power structures in a wider 'national' context.
Books on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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The king's Jews: Money, massacre and exodus in medieval England. London: Continuum, 2010.
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Beckman, Morris. The Hackney crucible. London: Vallentine Mitchell, 1996.
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Julius, Anthony. Trials of the diaspora: A history of anti-semitism in England. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2012.
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Litvinoff, Emanuel. Journey through a small planet. Oxford: ISIS, 1994.
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Berrol, Selma Cantor. East Side/East End: Eastern European Jews in London and New York, 1870-1920. Westport, Conn: Praeger, 1994.
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Finn, Ralph L. Time remembered: The tale of an East End Jewish boyhood. London: Macdonald, 1985.
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Finn, Ralph L. Time remembered. London: Futura, 1985.
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Simon, Taylor. A land of dreams: A study of Jewish and Caribbean migrant communities in England. London: Routledge, 1993.
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Wurgaft, Benjamin Aldes. Jews at Williams: Inclusion, exclusion, and class at a New England liberal arts college. Williamstown, Mass: Williams College Press, 2013.
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Gross, John. A double thread: A childhood in Mile End - and beyond. London: Chatto & Windus, 2001.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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Welch, Christina, and Neil Amswych. "Judaism and Engagements with Nature: Theology and Practice." In Managing Protected Areas, 193–208. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-40783-3_11.
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AbstractThis chapter explores Jewish engagements with nature through the lens of grassroots Jewish eco-action and sustainability against the background of respect for, and sustainability of the created natural world in Jewish textual sources. It pivots around the work of Reform Rabbi Neil Amswych and his faith-based pioneering work in ecologically focussed interfaith action in Dorset (England), whilst drawing globally on Jewish permaculture initiatives, educational programmes and the ritual of Tu Bish’vat, the New Year of the Trees festival that emphasises both sustainable environmentalism, and the connection between social justice and ecology. It also highlights the importance of Tikkun Olam, the Kabbalistic mystical concept of Healing the World, and how education can help Jews of all ages support this Jewish principle.
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Kella, Elizabeth. "From Survivor to Im/migrant Motherhood and Beyond: Margit Silberstein’s Postmemorial Autobiography, Förintelsens Barn." In Narratives of Motherhood and Mothering in Fiction and Life Writing, 93–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17211-3_6.
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AbstractThe Swedish journalist and author Margit Silberstein’s autobiographical memoir, Förintelsens Barn (2021), represents her post-war upbringing in a survivor family. Both parents were Hungarian-speaking Jews from Transylvania, who were the only members of their respective families to survive horrendous persecution and conditions during the war. After the war they immigrated to a small town in Sweden, where Margit and her brother were born. This chapter examines the tensions in Silberstein’s account of her childhood and her relations with her parents, particularly her mother, viewing these tensions as stemming from characteristics of and contradictions between later postmemorial writing and the im/migrant literature of Sweden today, both of which are conditioned by their social contexts, including those of antisemitism. Silberstein’s work brings Holocaust postmemoir into dialogue with im/migrant autobiography in contemporary Sweden, and it suggests that this dialogue will continue to the third generation, Silberstein’s children.
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Ulukütük, Mehmet. "Scientific Paradigm Shifts and Curriculum: Experiences in the Transition to Social Constructivist Education in Turkey and Singapore." In Educational Theory in the 21st Century, 25–49. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-9640-4_2.
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AbstractThis chapter examines the relationship between changes in the scientific paradigm and curriculum after 2000 in Turkey and Singapore as case countries that experienced the transition to social constructivist education. This chapter explores the following questions: Can the traces of paradigm shifts be seen in the curricula? What was the education curriculum like in Turkey and Singapore before 2000? Have any changes occurred in the curricula in Turkey and Singapore after 2000? If any apparent changes have occurred in the curricula, how can they be explained through the relationship with the science-knowledge paradigm shift? After 2000, Singapore and Turkey were observed to have adopted the contextual and subjectivist paradigm, which changes based on idiosyncratic conditions, rather than the objectivist science-knowledge paradigm based on the positivist paradigm. Since 2000, Turkey has started to apply the constructivist paradigm in its education system after trying out various education approaches. Likewise, Singapore started to search for a new paradigm following its independence from England in 1959 and separation from Malesia in 1965. Even though the change in Turkey’s curriculum after the 2000s indicates positivism to be questioned, the realist ontology and objectivist approach to knowledge have apparently not been put behind. In the case of Singapore, the constructivism that had evolved over time emerged in the curriculum, not the relativist and anti-realist constructivism. Singapore’s success compared to Turkey’s is debatable; nevertheless, Singapore’s performance on the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) is noteworthy.
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Abdi, Ali Mohamed, Andrew Arewa, and Mark Tyrer. "Fuel Poverty and Health Implications of Elderly People Living in the UK." In Springer Proceedings in Energy, 241–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63916-7_30.
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AbstractFuel poverty is widely recognised as distinct form of injustice and social inequality and a front burner issue in the last three decades in the UK. The crisis affects 4.5 million households in the UK, and it is a major high-risk contributor to health of elderly people (NEA in Effects of Living in Fuel Poverty, NEA.ORG, London, 2020, [1]). Thus, the consequences of fuel poverty range from psychological stress, worry and isolation to serious health conditions such as respiratory and circulatory diseases. The aim of the study is to investigate the role of fuel poverty on reoccurring health risks of elderly people. The study adopted quantitative research methods with participants drawn from West Midlands region of England - UK; an area with high population of elderly people, carers, health professionals and energy professionals. Findings from the survey indicate that fuel poverty is one of the major aspects that contributes to health implications among elderly people in the UK.
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Endelman, Todd M. "The Social and Political Context of Conversion in Germany and England 1870–1914." In Broadening Jewish History, 95–114. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113010.003.0006.
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This chapter focuses on Jews who left Judaism in the decades before the First World War and who were not attracted by the spiritual truths or ethical values of Christianity. It discusses disaffiliation as a hallmark of modern Jewish history in the West in which the flow out of Judaism was not equally strong in all countries and among all strata of Jewish society. It also analyses the characteristic patterns of drift and defection that emerged in every country or region bearing the impress of larger social and political conditions. The chapter talks about the temptation to abandon Judaism, which increased from 1870 to 1914, when rising antisemitism called into question Jewish integration into state and society with unprecedented intensity. It refers to England and Germany as states with dissimilar political cultures and social systems, which illuminates the history of the Jewish communities there.
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"Social and Economic Conditions." In Jews, Race & Environment, 356–69. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203787922-16.
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"SOCIAL CONDITIONS, STRUCTURES, AND ASSUMPTIONS." In England in the Age of Shakespeare, 211–45. Indiana University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/j.ctvj7wnfz.11.
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Endelman, Todd M. "German Jews in Victorian England." In Broadening Jewish History, 145–68. Liverpool University Press, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113010.003.0008.
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This chapter highlights the German Jewish settlement of the Victorian period as the least known of the various migrations that contributed to its growth. It cites the British Census, which did not distinguish between Christians and Jews while recording the country of origin of persons of foreign birth at a time when there was a substantial German trading colony in England. It also discusses the few numbers of German Jewish immigrants who integrated into English society with relative ease after they broke with their Jewish tradition. The chapter mentions the Jews who were immigrants or descendants of immigrants from Holland, the German states, and Poland, who had escaped the poverty and degrading restrictions that embittered Jewish life in most ancien régime states. It probes the immigration from central Europe in the Victorian period as a reflection of the social and economic transformation of Germany that was under way in the nineteenth century.
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Berkman, Lisa F., and Ichiro Kawachi. "A Historical Framework for Social Epidemiology." In Social Epidemiology, 3–12. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195083316.003.0001.
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Abstract Epidemiology is the study of the distribution and determinants of states of health in populations (Susser 1973). Ever since John Graunt (1662) counted deaths in county parishes in England in the seventeenth century, social variations in morbidity and mortality have been observed. Early studies often centered on the ill effects of poverty, poor housing conditions, and work environments. By the nineteenth century, physicians such as Villerme (1830) and Virchow (1848) refined observations identifying social class and work conditions as crucial determinants of health and disease (Rosen 1963). Durkheim wrote eloquently about another profound social experience, that of social integration and how it was related to patterns of mortality, especially suicide (1897). So, in many ways, the idea that social conditions influence health is not new. Social epidemiology, however, is.
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Ettenhuber, Katrin. "Truth Conditions." In The Logical Renaissance, 216–62. Oxford University PressOxford, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198881186.003.0007.
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Abstract The final chapter examines the logical writings of Jacopo Zabarella and his theory of drama as a form of social praxis. It explores Zabarella’s conception of dramatic spectatorship as an exercise in civic engagement, where audiences use strategies of logical inference and deduction to reveal the key moral insights of a play and apply them to their own experience. The chapter then charts the transmission of Zabarella’s works in early modern England, before exploring a series of case studies from Shakespeare’s plays. The focus is on As You Like It, a play that affirms Zabarella’s conviction that shared principles of reasoning can build and sustain communities, but also resists the idea of coopting drama as an instrument of political philosophy. Literature’s ways of knowing cannot always be accommodated to the frameworks of practical reasoning Zabarella describes, but instead extend our thinking into the more fragile and complex spaces of potentiality.
Conference papers on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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Pangestu, Indragus, and Achmad Nurmandi. "What is the strategy for creating “City Resilience” during the COVID-19 Pandemic?" In 8th International Conference on Human Interaction and Emerging Technologies. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1002732.
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This study aims to identify urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States, England, and China. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a terrible impact on the lives of many citizens, especially in urban areas. Cities are the central point of economic growth and governance, cities must continue the function even in conditions of crisis or disaster. So that it becomes interesting to review the strategies of big cities in dealing with the COVID-19 pandemic. This study used a simple statistical method, and bibliometric analysis was performed using VOSviewer software. Scientific literature data was taken from the Scopus database which was searched with the keywords urban resilience and covid 19 with a range of 2019 to 2022. limitations on authors or affiliations of the 3 countries in literature publications, namely the united states, England and China. This analysis includes a number of publications, citation analysis, and visualization of co-occurrence patterns of the most frequently occurring keywords. Bibliometric analysis shows the United States leading the way in article publication with 25 articles, followed by England and China with 15 articles each. The results of data analysis show that the initial strategy of urban resilience during the COVID-19 pandemic in the three countries was carried out by limiting community activities in public spaces to prevent the transmission of the COVID-19 disease. In addition, the urban resilience strategy is carried out by building integrated health services and digital infrastructure and carrying out transportation management. Another strategy is to build public spaces that can provide social distancing and provide easier access to information and communication technology for the entire citizens. In future research, it is hoped that we can discuss how to transform the strategy by adjusting to the style of the city and the needs of the citizens.
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Vrasmas, Ecaterina, and Traian Vrasmas. "DEVELOPING A EUROPEAN PROFESSIONAL’S NETWORK IN INCLUSIVE EDUCATION:E LEARNING PROCESS AND OUTCOMES." In eLSE 2012. Editura Universitara, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-12-063.
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Title: Developing a European professional’s network in Inclusive Education: E learning process and outcomes Vrasmas, Ecaterina, University of Bucharest, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Panduri Street No.90, Bucharest; Email: ecaterinavr@yahoo.com Vrasmas, Traian, Ovidius University Constanta, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Bd. Mamaia Street No.124 Email: traianvrasmas@yahoo.com ABSTRACT The context The paper describes a European project focusing on using eLearning media, in order to establish is quite an actual trend establish a European network for professionals. It is a new and strong trend in education, particularly in inclusive education. Inclusive education is one of the highest challenges in the field of education, for all European countries. Each country had its own history, experiences, cultural conditions, its own approaches, opportunities and challenges but common work and values are needed. Short description A group of professionals from national associations in England, France, Island, Italy and Romania has decided, after the European Conference of Social inclusion (2008, Clairmond Ferrand, France) to act for the implementation of the conclusions from this conference. They have planned and started to build a network for inclusive education among those five national organizations. They planned and implemented a Leonardo project called “Partnership of professionals for inclusive education.” They implemented all the project working together, in order to share experiences and debate on which are the most relevant barriers in the European and each national context and find solutions to advance in inclusive education. Aside of the direct meetings, in each country, most of the project preparation and implementation was made via eLearning (email communication, site development, power point preparation and presentation, reporting on a European data base etc). The main objectives of the project were: - To built a web site of the project; - To work together for finding common barriers and solutions for inclusive education. The project has reached these objectives by using eLearning media. During the process and as a result of eLearning we have produced important outcomes: - A web site (http://inclusiveeducation-leonardo-professionals.blogs.apf.asso.fr,Utilisat eur: leo-nardoprofessionals, Mot de passe : leonardoprofessionals; - A list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education; Additional outcomes were: - A Guide for professionals on inclusive education; - A lot of power point presentations, on international documents and policies on national educational policies and inclusive education history in each country, study cases and ex-periences, lessons learned in different visits. The project website was designed for all the partners and for all institutions dealing with educa-tion. It contains a glossary of inclusion, with the main concepts, in all five languages (English, French, Italian, Romanian and Icelandic). It describes the partners involved, some elements facili-tating the understanding of the European and international perspective on inclusive education, based on the experiences collected in the project, on the results and documents obtained. The list of barriers and facilitators of inclusive education is a synthesis of the professionals work and a result of several debates. After listing barriers and the facilitating factors, the elements which can be barriers and facilitators as well, the list contains the synthesis of the discussion from each country, on the topic of identification of particular aspects: defining inclusion, the major actors, the resources needed - just a few of the analyze points. The Guide for professionals has been developed by the project professionals, as a working tool, issued from the discussions during the school visits in the 5 countries, from the synthesis of analysis and of conclusions (from international sources) regarding inclusive educa-tion. It defines inclusion, suggests a set o principles, identifies solutions for the barriers, and offers concrete examples from each country, regarding policies, practices, cultures and values. It is an open and positive point of view. During the project more than 80 different power points presentation were produced, focusesd on in-ternational and national legislation, scientific arguments on inclusive education, each country policy and experiences. One of them is the Final slide show (album) 2009-2011. It contains photos which are presenting the countries that had participated (places, traditions, touristic attractions, art objects and towns architecture), as well as the "authors" involved in the project. The photos are proving the good collaboration during seminars, visits, during the attractive free time opportunities in each of the five countries. All these are posted on the website of the project, in order to become tools for inclusive education dissemination as eLearning instruments. Conclusions The process of eLearning using different media was vital during and for the success of this pro-ject. At the end it offered to all professionals participant the possibility to better understand the inclusion importance and issues and to promote a new perspective in education, via ongoing collaboration between professionals, cultures and experiences. Working in common for defining inclusive education in five national contexts and describing the barriers and solutions was very challenging. It was also necessary and rewording, in this moment of the European efforts for defending our common values.
Reports on the topic "Jews – england – social conditions"
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Beatty, Christina, Steve Fothergill, and Tony Gore. The state of the coalfields 2019: Economic and social conditions in the former coalfields of England, Scotland and Wales. Sheffield Hallam University, October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/cresr.2019.6676686343.
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Fothergill, Steve, Tony Gore, and David Leather. The State of the Coalfields 2024: Economic and social conditions in the former coalfields of England, Scotland and Wales. Sheffield Hallam University, April 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.7190/cresr.2024.6777896728.
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Elliott, Jane, Maureen Muir, and Judith Green. Trajectories of everyday mobility at older age. Wellcome Centre for Cultures and Environments of Health, January 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.58182/bnec3269.
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Background: This review and exploratory data analysis focuses on everyday mobility at older age; that is, travel outside the house for routine activities. Everyday mobility is an important determinant of health and wellbeing. Although there can be physiological reasons for declines in an individual’s capacity for mobility, trajectories are uneven. A social model of mobility at older age assumes that impairments due to bodily ageing do not inevitably lead to reduced mobility, and that policy and environmental interventions (such as transport provision, quality of built environment) can and should support mobile later lives. We scope the potential for a study of the conditions which foster trajectories of maintained or increased mobility over time, in an equitable way. Aims: With a focus on corporeal mobility in the UK (in particular England), and on social and environmental, rather than physiological factors, our aims were to: 1) scope the existing evidence on trajectories of mobility at older age; 2) assess the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA) as a possible source of data on changes in mobility over time; 3) outline the potential for further research through identifying candidate analytical approaches and; draft an initial logic model to inform a study. Literature review findings: Literature on mobility at older age documents physiological, lifecourse, social, and environmental factors that shape trajectories of declining mobility, and the health and wellbeing consequences. There are complex and bidirectional relationships between determinants and consequences of mobility. Points of disruption in the lifecourse are points where mobility practices may change and are therefore potential points for interventions to promote greater mobility. A body of research demonstrates this through the case of concessionary bus travel for older adults in the UK, which both promotes greater mobility and appears to improve health status. There is a more mixed body of research on the environmental factors that can foster greater mobility: more research is needed on how to support mobility in place in the UK, particularly in settings outside urban centres. Compared to research on physiological factors, there is a relative dearth of evidence on population level interventions, with the exception of free bus travel. ELSA summary: The main strength of using the ELSA for understanding what influences trajectories of everyday mobility is that it is an eighteen-year longitudinal study with data collection every two years, focussing on those aged 50 and over. The sample is drawn from across England, detailed contextual information is available via linked geographical identifiers, and longitudinal and cross-sectional weights enable adjustment of the sample for non-response and attrition. The weaknesses (for studies of mobility) are the lack of fine-grained measures of ‘ability’ for many mobility indicators and the potential for reporting biases that intersect with measures of social and cultural capital. In this descriptive analysis, we document six separate measures of everyday mobility that can be derived from ELSA data, and map these to our logic model. Implications: The review identified the potential for studying the conditions for mobility at older age that could help identify and develop population level interventions. Focusing on points of disruption in the lifecourse is a potentially fruitful and tractable area of investigation. We have mapped indicators available from ELSA as a foundation for future study, and as a resource for other researchers. ELSA has some disadvantages for a study, but also many strengths. Given the complexity of causal pathways linking different conditions for maintained or increased mobility, an analysis approach directed specifically at multiple pathways (such as Qualitative Comparative Analysis) could well be fruitful."