Academic literature on the topic 'Jewish women – Social conditions – 19th Century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Jewish women – Social conditions – 19th Century"
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Bilousova, Liliia. "Emigration of Jews from Odessa to Argentina in the Late 19th - Early 20th century." Mìžnarodnì zv’âzki Ukraïni: naukovì pošuki ì znahìdki, no. 29 (November 10, 2020): 35–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/mzu2020.29.036.
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The article deals with the history of emigration of Jews from the south of Ukraine to Argentina in the late 19th - early 20th century and the role of Odessa in the organizational, economic and educational support of the resettlement process. An analysis of the transformation of the idea of the Argentine project from the beginning of compact settlements to the possibility of creating a Jewish state in Patagonia is given. There are provided such aspects as reasons, preconditions and motives of emigration, its stages and results, the exceptional contribution of the businessman and philanthropist Maurice de Hirsch to the foundation of Jewish settlements in Argentina. There are reflected a legislative aspect, in particular, the first attempt of Russian government to regulate migration abroad with the Regulations for activity in Russia of the Jewish Colonization Association founded in Great Britain; various forms and directions of the work of Odessa JCA committee; the activities of the Argentine Vice-Consulate (1906-1909) and the Consul General of Argentina in Odessa (1909-1917). There are also presented some valuable archival genealogical documents from the State Archives of the Odessa Region, namely the lists of immigrants on the steamer "Bosfor" in April 30, 1894. The article highlights the conditions in which the emigrants started their activities in Argentina in 1888, establishment of the first Jewish colony of Moisesville, the difficulties in economic arrangement and social adaptation, and the process of settlement development from the first unsuccessful attempts to cultivate virgin lands to the numerous farms and ranches with effective economic activities. An interesting social phenomenon of interethnic diffusion of indigenous and jewish cultures and the formation of a unique "Gaucho Jews" group of population is covered. It is provided information on the current state of Jewish settlements in Argentina and fixing their history in literature, music, cinema, documentary. It is emphasized that using historical research and direct contacts with the descendants of emigrants to Argentina could be very useful and actual for increasing the efficiency and development of Ukrainian-Argentine economic and cultural ties
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Cohen-Achdut, Miri. "Dialogic construction of authority in Hebrew women’s writing from the 19th century." Language and Dialogue 10, no. 3 (December 4, 2020): 422–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ld.00077.coh.
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Abstract The article discusses quotations as linguistic means for constructing authority. It seeks to attenuate two accepted premises regarding quotations and authority in linguistic research: firstly, that the source of quotation is the (single) source of authority, and secondly, the writer’s dichotomic attitude toward it: reliance or refutation. Two opinion essays in Hebrew were examined, authored by a woman and published in a Maskilic periodical during the 19th century – a time when women were denied the social license to write in Hebrew. The pragmatic micro-analysis shows that the writer uses various linguistic means to construct her authority by means of dialogical conflicts between several external sources: the Jewish canonical texts, her educated peers or prevailing viewpoints of the time.
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Fields, Marjory Diana. "Women in American Labour Movement." International Journal of Public and Private Perspectives on Healthcare, Culture, and the Environment 3, no. 2 (July 2019): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijppphce.2019070104.
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In this article, the author examines the history of exclusion and sex-based discrimination against U.S. women workers seeking to join unions established by men. The author describes how groups of women and girls working in fabric mills in the 19th Century took strike action against work speed up and increased production requirements, making demands for higher wages, equal pay with men, improved working conditions, clean water, health care and time off. Then, in the early 20th century, women teachers formed their own unions to gain increased pay and pension plans, and for social justice. These unions continue to the present seeking also social justice and exercising political power.
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Marinkovic, Cedomila. "Abandoning Yalia - from Pijada Kapetanovic to Paulina Lebl Albala: Development of education and social activism of Jewish women from the mid-19th century until World War II." Bulletin de l'Institut etnographique 70, no. 3 (2022): 37–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gei2203037m.
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The essay examines the history of female education in the Belgrade Sephardic community, as well as the modification of their traditional role in Jewish society as a result of the introduction of obligatory education for girls. Presenting some of the most important figures in the process, from the first Yali?s female teacher, Pijada Kapetanovic, through Esther Russo to Paulina Lebl Albala, special attention will be paid to examining the possible influence of Judaism?s wellknown educational habits and traditionally more liberal attitude toward women on the emergence and development of Jewish women?s societies in Belgrade in the middle of the nineteenth century and the easier penetration of educational ideas within this community.
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Dziadek, Magdalena. "Polish Female Composers in the Nineteenth Century." Musicology Today 16, no. 1 (December 31, 2019): 31–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/muso-2019-0002.
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Abstract The article discusses the activities of selected women-composers who worked in Poland in the 19th century. They have been presented in a broad social-political context. Specific historical conditions have been taken into account, which have contributed to the perception of women’s creativity as a mission. The model of women’s activity discussed in the categories of social and political mission influenced the shape and forms of Polish women’s creativity in the first half of the century. In the second half of the century, women’s access to education increased and finally a milieu of professional women-composers emerged. Among them, we should distinguish the group of women born into musical families, due to the fact that some among them took up the profession of composer.
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Motuz, Valeria. "The history of the transformation of women of Naddnipryansk Ukraine from an object into a subject of the political process: from idea to practical implementation." Bulletin of Mariupol State University. Series: History. Political Studies 10, no. 28-29 (2020): 99–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.34079/2226-2830-2020-10-28-29-99-108.
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The article substantiates the theoretical and practical foundations of the development of the women’s movement in Naddnipryan Ukraine in the conditions of active politicization of society in the late 19th – early 20th century. When the object of the study is the increase by women from Naddnipryanskaya Ukraine of their social status in society, and the subject is their transformation from an object into a subject of political activity. This process is revealed from the standpoint of the influence of the politicization of Ukrainian society in the late 19th – early 20th century on the movement of socially active women in Nadnipryansk Ukraine towards achieving the modernization of the system of power and management from the point of view of gender equality and is presented as a transitional stage to this.
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Syahriyani, Alfi, and Maidhotul Kaifa Novikasandra. "FEMINISM IN ENOLA HOLMES FILM: A SEMIOTIC LENS." Elite : English and Literature Journal 9, no. 2 (December 15, 2022): 215–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.24252/elite.v9i2.32298.
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Film is not merely a medium to entertain but also a reflection of society's values and conditions. This research deals with the portrayal of feminism in the film of Enola Holmes in the era of 19th century through its main character of the film ‘Enola’. It uses the qualitative method by employing the theory of semiotics of Charles Sanders Peirce, which categorizes signs into three related parts, namely representamen, object, and interpretant. The data was taken by identifying and interpreting the signs through the scenes of the films, including icon, index, and symbol. The findings show that the film represents the feminist values through the character of Enola, such as independent, intellectual, showing freedom of choice, gender equality, and right to privacy. The character challenged the social norms in the 19th century, which still positioned women as inferior social beings and were oppressed by the patriarchal system. The film also brings relevant messages as it also indirectly criticizes the present women issues through the historical lens.
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Surya, Riza Afita, and Rif'atul Fikriya. "Chinese Merchants Role of Java Trade in 19th Century." Historia: Jurnal Pendidik dan Peneliti Sejarah 4, no. 1 (December 7, 2020): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/historia.v4i1.27167.
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Chinese arrival in Java was encouraged with significant factors both internal and external. Chinese in Java eventually brought shifting in economical, social, and political aspect of Java under Dutch realm. In 19th century, Chinese in Java were differed into two clusters, known as peranakan and totok. These two terms possed different languange, culture, economical conditions. This study aimed to determine the role of Chinese merchants of Java during 19th century. The study engaged literature study which includes planning, selection, extraction, and excution. Literature review tries to review several books, scholarly articles, and other relevant sources which focused on particular area. Under Dutch realm, Chinese in Java portrayed many different roles, such as moneylenders, middlemen, kapitan, opium traders, and etec. Chinese were considered active in and around Java as the settled in Netherland Indies trade withi coastal shipping. Chinese possess priviledge spot under Dutch colonial policy, due to their advance skill in business and their independency of local rulers. In term of trade, the Chinese were ubiquitous and essential, since everyone commited trade in Java had to do business with Chinese. Java’s Chinese men and unknown number of peranakan and native Javanese women whom they married or related were almost all participated in the money economy.
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Tasca, Cecilia, Mariangela Rapetti, Mauro Giovanni Carta, and Bianca Fadda. "Women And Hysteria In The History Of Mental Health." Clinical Practice & Epidemiology in Mental Health 8, no. 1 (October 19, 2012): 110–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1745017901208010110.
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Hysteria is undoubtedly the first mental disorder attributable to women, accurately described in the second millennium BC, and until Freud considered an exclusively female disease. Over 4000 years of history, this disease was considered from two perspectives: scientific and demonological. It was cured with herbs, sex or sexual abstinence, punished and purified with fire for its association with sorcery and finally, clinically studied as a disease and treated with innovative therapies. However, even at the end of 19th century, scientific innovation had still not reached some places, where the only known therapies were those proposed by Galen. During the 20th century several studies postulated the decline of hysteria amongst occidental patients (both women and men) and the escalating of this disorder in non-Western countries. The concept of hysterical neurosis is deleted with the 1980 DSM-III. The evolution of these diseases seems to be a factor linked with social “westernization”, and examining under what conditions the symptoms first became common in different societies became a priority for recent studies over risk factor.
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Vikström, Lotta, Sören Edvinsson, and Erling Häggström Lundevaller. "Disability, Mortality and Causes of Death in a 19th-Century Swedish Population." Historical Life Course Studies 10 (March 31, 2021): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.51964/hlcs9585.
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Our study aims to find how disability affected human health in historical time through an examination of individuals' mortality risks and death causes. Swedish parish registers digitized by the Demographic Data Base (DDB) enable us to account for a relatively high number of persons reported to have disabilities, and to compare them with a group of non-disabled cases. The findings concern a 19th-century population of 35,610 individuals in the Sundsvall region, Sweden, and show that disability increased the premature mortality risk substantially. Disability seems to have jeopardized men’s survival in particular, and perhaps due to gendered expectations concerning the type of work men and women became less able to perform when disabled. Our study of death causes indicates that their deaths were less characterized by infectious diseases than among the non-disabled group, as a possible consequence of lower exposure to infections due to the way in which disability could impede opportunities for interaction with peers in the community. In all, our mortality findings suggest that disability was associated with poor living conditions and limited possibilities to participate in work and social life, which further tend to have accumulated across life and resulted in ill health indicated by premature death.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jewish women – Social conditions – 19th Century"
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鄭秀儀 and Sau-yi Joan Cheng. "Women in China and Japan from the late 19th century to the 1930s." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1999. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42574821.
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Breashears, Margaret Herbst. "An Analysis of Status: Women in Texas, 1860-1920." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279203/.
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This study examined the status of women in Texas from 1860 to 1920. Age, family structure and composition, occupation, educational level, places of birth, wealth, and geographical persistence are used as the measurements of status. For purposes of analysis, women are grouped according to whether they were married, widowed, divorced, or single.
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Hodge, Pamela. "Fostering flowers: Women, landscape and the psychodynamics of gender in 19th Century Australia." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1998. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1435.
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It is said that when the Sphinx was carved into the bedrock of Egypt it had the head as well as the body of Sekhmet lioness Goddess who presided over the rise and fall of the Nile, and that only much later was the head recarved to resemble a male pharaoh. Simon Schama considered the 'making over' of Mount Rushmore to resemble America's Founding Fathers constituted 'the ultimate colonisation of nature by culture … a distinctly masculine obsession (expressing) physicality, materiality and empirical externality,… a rhetoric of humanity's uncontested possession of nature. It would be comforting to think that, although Uluru has become the focus of nationalist myths in Australia, to date it has not been incised to represent Australia's 'Great Men' - comforting that is, if it were not for the recognition that if Australia had had the resources available to America in the 1920s a transmogrified Captain Cook and a flinty Governor Phillip may have been eyeballing the red heart of Australia for the greater part of a century. My dissertation traces the conscious and unconscious construction of gender in Australian society in the nineteenth century as it was constructed through the apprehension of things which were associated with 'nature' -plants, animals, landscape, 'the bush', Aborigines, women. The most important metaphor in this construction was that of women as flowers; a metaphor which, in seeking to sacralise 'beauty' in women and nature, increasingly externalised women and the female principle and divorced them from their rootedness in the earth - the 'earth' of 'nature', and the 'earth' of men's and women's deeper physical and psychological needs. This had the consequence of a return of the repressed in the form of negative constructions of women, 'femininity'" and the land which surfaced in Australia, as it did in most other parts of the Western World, late in the nineteenth century. What I attempt to show in this dissertation is that a negative construction of women and the female principle was inextricably implicated in the accelerating development of a capitalist consumer society which fetishised the surface appearance of easily reproducible images of denatured objects. In the nineteenth century society denatured women along with much else as it turned from the worship of God and ‘nature' to the specularisation of endlessly proliferating images emptied of meaning; of spirituality. An increasing fascination with the appearance of things served to camouflage patriarchal assumptions which lopsidedly associated women with a 'flowerlike' femininity of passive receptivity (or a ‘mad' lasciviousness) and men with a 'masculinity' of aggressive achievement - and awarded social power and prestige to the latter. The psychological explanation which underlies this thesis and unites its disparate elements is that of Julia Kristeva who believed that in the nineteenth century fear of loss of the Christian 'saving' mother - the Mother of God - led to an intensification of emotional investment among men and women in the pre-oedipal all-powerful 'phallic' mother who is thought to stand between the individual and 'the void of nothingness'.
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Murphy, Lynne M. "Muslim family life in the Middle East as depicted by Victorian women residents." Thesis, McGill University, 1986. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65957.
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Rowe, Beverly J. "Changes in the Status of Texarkana, Texas, Women, 1880-1920." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1999. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc279138/.
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Shields, Francine. "Palm oil & power : women in an era of economic and social transition in 19th century Yorubaland (south-western Nigeria)." Thesis, University of Stirling, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/1926.
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This study looks at the economic, political and social history of women in the Yoruba area of south-western Nigeria in the 19th century using contemporary sources which have remained previously largely untapped for historical studies of women. The century encompassed many key historical developments which affected women; in particular, the decline of the Atlantic slave trade and the growth of an export trade in locally produced palm oil and kernels. Whereas the slave trade had been dominated by men, the processing, transport and trade of palm produce was dominated by women. The extent, nature and effects of women's role in this and other industries such as pottery manufacture, dyeing and food vending, which also expanded and developed during this period, are examined. As demand for palm produce and other goods increased, the labour of both free-born and slave women became more valuable since it was vital for industry at all stages. The study looks at changing labour demands and sources and alterations in the established pattern of the sexual and generational division of labour. Important changes in gender relations are evident and the study illuminates how tensions between men and women and between women themselves were manifest and how both men and women expressed and dealt with these problems. Economic changes were accompanied by largely internal political developments which favoured a few wealthy women. overall, many men perceived and/or experienced that increasing female autonomy posed a threat to the established patriarchal order. The evidence represented in the thesis clearly shows how men attempted to subordinate women in general, tap into their income and limit their political involvement, mainly through the development of exploitative and restrictive aspects of male-dominated politico-religious cults, which were directed specifically at women.
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Tusow, Kelli Ann. "Jews, Sports, Gender, and the Rose City : An Analysis of Jewish Involvement with Athletics in Portland, Oregon, 1900-1940." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2350.
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The subject of Jews in sports is often times perceived as an oxymoronic research topic given the ethnic stereotypes that Jews are physically weak, unfit, and more focused on intellectual pursuits. However, Jews have had a long history and in-depth interaction with sports that is important to understand, not only to expand our perception of the Jewish people, but also to realize the important role sports play in social historiography. While the Jewish population of East Coast America and their involvement in athletics has been studied to some extent, the West Coast population, in particular, the Northwest, has been sorely neglected.
This thesis examines the lives of immigrant Jews on the West Coast, specifically Portland, OR and their interaction with sports compared to the experiences of immigrant Jews on the East Coast from 1900 to 1940. An overall examination and comparison of the Jewish immigrant experience in the West is presented along with an evaluation of the establishment of the Portland Jewish community and their coinciding athletic community. The experiences of the Jews in Western America is compared to the immigrants of the East Coast and how these differing involvements shaped the development of Jewish sporting facilities. The thesis then expands on how the Portland Jews grew their athletic facilities and overall involvement in athletics, related to the experience of East Coast Jews. The growth of the Jewish Zionist movement is examined along with how Jewish involvement fit more seamlessly into certain sports than others. The thesis also takes a closer look at Jewish women and their specific experiences in athletics compared to their East Coast counterparts and the experience of Jewish men in Portland. The role of philanthropic organizations as a means of greater involvement in athletics is assessed, along with how the experiences of Western European versus Eastern European immigrants played into their varying involvements with sports. Finally, the conclusion discusses the importance of scholarly sports inquiry as it plays to the relevance of a greater social history and for immigrants in particular, their assimilation and acculturation into American society.
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Podmore, Julie. "St. Lawrence Blvd. as third city : place, gender and difference along Montréal's 'Main'." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36682.
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At the end of the nineteenth century, St. Lawrence Boulevard, popularly known as 'the Main', attained mythical status in Montreal. Due to its particular location in the social and cultural geography of Montreal, the Main, which symbolically divides the working-class Francophone east and the Anglophone bourgeois west, has developed as a mixed-use commercial artery, an eclectic border zone of a bilingual, multi-ethnic city. The heterogeneous character of the Main is reflected in its material landscape---with its old and now largely re-used garment sweat-shops and labour halls, theatres of the red-light district, cafes, and the shops and restaurants of the mid-twentieth century immigrant shopping corridor. Shaped by the diversity of the populations that came to live, work, protest, shop or be entertained in these sites, it is an example of the social and cultural diversity of the metropolis. Such heterogeneous sites have often been interpreted as liminal spaces, but this research demonstrates that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone have rarely been gender neutral. While physical, social and cultural heterogeneity are components of this landscape, these sites also attest to the importance of gender relations in the experience of the Main as a place of work and social life and, ultimately, as a space of representation. Its border status has often been represented through discourses and images of 'marginal' womanhood, articulated in terms of social, occupational, political, sexual and/or ethnic identity. Many of its locales, moreover, have been sites where women entered urban public life in contentious and distinctive ways.As a place that highlights the social and cultural heterogeneity of a supposedly 'divided' city, the Main is an ideal site from which to explore how ethnicity, language, class, occupation and sexual identity intersect with gender in the experience and representation of urban life. This thesis examines how a multiplicity of female gender identities have been defined and contested along the Main over the past century. It contributes to a broad literature on geographies of gender, difference and urban public cultures through an analysis of the relationships between feminist spatial metaphors and the material production of urban space. Through a series of events that move through time and sections of St. Lawrence, I examine how portions of the landscape of this boulevard have been marked by the enactment of specific sets of gender relations and forms of representation that became central to civic debates regarding gender. I argue that the construction and experience of the Main as a border zone has involved the production of specific relations of gender, alterity and space.
A variety of qualitative methods and archival sources are used to illustrate the importance of representations of gender to the production of this place and to illustrate how women have experienced and made use of material sites to express their specific occupational, cultural, religious, social or sexual identities. This thesis demonstrates the crucial role played by the border zones of urban public cultures in the construction of female identities that depart from dominant gender norms in the expression of social, cultural and sexual differences.
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Kilgannon, Anne Marie. "The home economics movement and the transformation of nineteenth century domestic ideology in America." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25428.
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This thesis focuses on the transformation of domestic ideology in the United States from the late eighteenth century to the early twentieth century. It traces the emergence and development of the doctrine of separate spheres in the Revolutionary and early national periods and then examines the rise of the home economics movement in the post-Civil War period as an agent and expression of the demise of the separate spheres ideology of domesticity.
The doctrine of separate spheres developed from a longstanding sense of separateness from the public world of men experienced by colonial women. The emergence of this doctrine was facilitated and shaped by the events of the Revolutionary War, the development and spread of commercial and industrial economic activities, changes in religious practises and new notions about the nature and nurture of children. The complex interplay of these factors strengthened women's sense of disjunction from the male-dominated sector of society, but bolstered women's sense of moral authority and autonomy within their sphere, the home. Women saw their domestic role as essential to the preservation of traditional values and morality and therefore critical for the preservation of social harmony. Supported by the doctrine of separate spheres, women organized to protect and project home values, hoping to reform society by their influence. Noted domestic theoreticians such as Sarah Hale and Catharine Beecher helped articulate this doctrine for women, but their work should be viewed as expressions of widely felt notions about women's place in the family and society.
The emergence of home economics is viewed as a challenge to the basic precepts of the doctrine of separate spheres, thereby calling into question the universality of the acceptance of this doctrine by middle class women in the nineteenth century. As urban reformers, scientists and college educated women, home economists found the doctrine of separate spheres inadequate and outmoded as a guide for modern living. These women sought to replace traditional homemaking practises and ideals with a new domestic ideology, home economics, which they thought would more effectively meet the needs of the family in the twentieth century.
Home economics developed as a social reform movement in two phases, each one dominated by a different generation of women. The pioneer generation of home economists were traditionally educated women who sought to inculcate working class and immigrant women and children with middle class domestic values and ideas. They initiated programs of education in various institutions, ranging from the public schools to church-sponsored mission classes, to teach girls and women homemaking skills such as cooking, sewing and budgeting. Although traditional in their goals, these women created new forms which quickly led to developments which went beyond a re-assertion of domesticity expressed in the doctrine of separate spheres. Home economists began to see themselves as scientifically-trained experts, not as ordinary homemakers.
This development both coincided and was furthered by the rise of the second generation of home economists, who were largely college graduates and subsequently professors and administrators in institutions of higher learning. This group of women shaped home economics to meet some of their own needs, both personal and professional, and in the process changed the focus of the movement. Home economists became more concerned with reforming the middle class home and homemaker in this period. Home economics became embedded in colleges as a new inter-disciplinary course of study for women and as a new profession.
Home economists promoted a new ideology of domesticity which had as its foundation the emulation of certain aspects of men's sphere: business values of efficiency and rational organization, the use of technology and a reliance on expertise. A belief in the reforming power of science replaced traditional notions of piety in the home economics ideology. Home economists created elaborate hierarchies of expertise based on achieved levels of education, thereby undermining the sense of sisterhood supported by the doctrine of separate spheres. Insofar as women adopted the home economics ideology of domesticity, the homemaker role lost its authority and autonomy and women's sphere lost its boundaries and sense of mission which had informed nineteenth century women's notions of their role in society.Arts, Faculty of
History, Department of
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Böttcher, Judith Lena. "Vowed to community or ordained to mission? : aspects of separation and integration in the Lutheran Deaconess Institute, Neuendettelsau, Bavaria." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:75ce64eb-5a38-4d36-84d7-c48071df089c.
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This study offers an overdue exploration of the early years of the deaconess community in Neuendettelsau from a gender perspective. Drawing on rich archival material, it focuses on the process of the formation of a distinctive collective identity. Central to this study is the assumption, drawn from the social sciences, that collective identity is a social construction which requires the participation of the whole group through identification and which is consolidated by developing specific rituals, symbols, codes and normative texts, which facilitate integration, and by constructing external boundaries, which separate from the world and wider church. The centrifugal forces which came into play when deaconesses were sent out in isolation were counterbalanced by a communal life which offered forms of participation and identification for the individual members and which consolidated their sense of belonging. The first chapter introduces the methodology. Chapter Two explores the social, cultural and theological context of the foundation of the Deaconess Institute, and offers a brief outline of the institution's historical development. The third chapter offers an in-depth analysis of the initiation ceremony as a rite which both admitted into the community and conferred an ecclesiastical office. Chapter Four analyses formative and normative texts that shed light on the community's norms, values, and expectations. In the fifth chapter, non-literary means of consolidating and affirming the deaconesses' collective identity are explored. This study concludes that the process of the emergence of a specific deaconess culture was pervaded by bourgeois norms, values, patterns of behaviour and notions about gender roles which measured out the women's radius of action and were at times difficult to reconcile with the deaconess profession.
Books on the topic "Jewish women – Social conditions – 19th Century"
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Kalman, Bobbie. 19th century girls & women. New York: Crabtree Pub., 1997.
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Macdonald, Fiona. Women in 19th-century America. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1999.
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Macdonald, Fiona. Women in 19th-century Europe. New York: Peter Bedrick Books, 1999.
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Macdonald, Fiona. 19th century Europe: Women in History. London: Chrysalis, 2003.
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University of the Philippines. University Center for Women's Studies., ed. Working women of Manila in the 19th century. [Manila]: University of the Philippines Press and the University Center for Women Studies, 1995.
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Cullen, Mary, and Maria Luddy. Women, power, and consciousness in 19th-century Ireland: Eight biographical studies. Dublin: Attic Press, 1995.
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Becoming a woman: And other essays in 19th and 20th century feminist history. Washington Square, N.Y: New York University Press, 1995.
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Becoming a woman: And other essays in 19th and 20th century feminist history. London: Virago Press, 1994.
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1921-, Scott Anne Firor, Simmons Ariel W. 1978-, Duke University. Rare Book, Manuscript, and Special Collections Library., and University Publications of America (Firm), eds. Southern women and their families in the 19th century, papers and diaries. Bethesda, MD: University Publications of America, 2000.
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J, Harris Elizabeth. The gaze of the coloniser: British views on local women in 19th century Sri Lanka. Colombo: Social Scientists' Association, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Jewish women – Social conditions – 19th Century"
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Cała, Alina. "The Question of the Assimilation of Jews in the Polish Kingdom (1864-1897): An Interpretive Essay." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 1, 130–50. Liverpool University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781904113171.003.0011.
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This chapter explores the question of the assimilation of Jews in the Kingdom of Poland. What had in fact occurred to 19th-century Polish Jewry? Firstly, the idea developed that its social structure was abnormal. The demand to reform this, understood as calling for changes in economic and political status, had been aired already in the 18th century. Such ideas were strengthened in the 19th century, both in the minds of Poles and some Jews, so that in the wake of the January rising this problem was raised together with the necessity for the Polish caste system to be destroyed. By the end of the century, the specific features of Jewish assimilation in the Polish Kingdom took on quite different forms from those the assimilationist programme itself had assumed. In the 19th century, Jewish assimilation occurred on a widespread scale throughout Europe. The movement generated its own ideology and a large body of literature. In the Congress Kingdom, this ideology was promoted primarily by publicists. In post-insurrectionary conditions in Poland, it was forced to adopt too the role of a quasi-political current.
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Bątkiewicz-Szymanowska, Edyta. "„[...] W wielkim pośpiechu i na prędce w sam dzień wyjazdu do Anglii ostatnie słówko z Paryża przesyłam”. Codzienność i niecodzienność w wybranych listach córek Tytusa Działyńskiego (1796–1861) ze zbiorów Biblioteki Kórnickiej." In Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku. „Prywatne światy zamknięte w listach”. Tom 7. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego; Instytut Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych UWM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8142-182-9.13.
Full textAbstract:
Private correspondence is an invaluable source in the process of reconstruction of the past. Selected letters written by five daughters of Tytus Działyński and Celestyna Gryzelda of the Zamoyski family are presented in this article. The letters may be found in the abundant collection of the Zamoyski family correspondence preserved in the Kórnik Library. Tytus Działyński is a well-known librophile and the creator of an invaluable library and museum that were founded by him in Kórnik castle in the 19th century. Kórnik castle, in his mind, was to become Biblioteca Patriae, gathering national souvenirs, but it was also to serve as a family home. Tytus Działyński was a librophile, a social, political and cultural activist, but mostly, the father of five daughters and a son. Elżbieta, Jadwiga, Maria, Cecylia and Anna had been writing letters to their parents for many years. The letters composed by young girls are different from the ones written by adult women. The personalities of the authors varied as well. Two of them, Anna and Jadwiga, had left their diaries. They were published and are well known in the primary sources. Cecylia, during her stay in France and England in the years 1858–1860, had been writing detailed letters to her parents, in the form of a diary. They serve as a particularly valuable documents that help to recreate the image of the reality faced by the Polish emigrants. We only know the manuscripts of these letters. The number of the letters composed by Elżbieta and Maria is, unfortunately, scarce and they depict so called normal reality of a village in Greater Poland from the second half of the 19th century but seen with the eyes of two aristocrats – Czartoryska and Grudzińska. There are letters that were composed during the journey home and the ones written to travelling parents from home. There is also a difference between the correspondence with the mother and the father. It is also important to consider the travel itself as is one of the conditions determining the process of composing letters. What was travel? It was a holiday and attraction as, in order to travel, one had to leave his or her everyday activities and in the case of an extended journey, it became everyday life and sometimes a necessary obligation.