Relevant bibliographies by topics / Jewish Relief Committee

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Academic literature on the topic 'Jewish Relief Committee'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 28 July 2024
Last updated: 30 July 2024

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Journal articles on the topic "Jewish Relief Committee"

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Shevchuk, Oleksandr, and Yuliia Siekunova. "The Humanitarian Mission by Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Hungary (1914-1921)." Eminak, no. 1(41) (April 13, 2023): 116–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.33782/eminak2023.1(41).625.

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The purpose of the research paper is coverage of the process of deployment of the Jewish Joint Distribution Committee’s humanitarian mission in Hungary, determination of its scope and addressees, evaluation of aid results. The scientific novelty is lies in the fact that for the first time the JDC’s humanitarian mission is shown in the Hungarian territories – during the First World War, as part of Austria-Hungary, after – as an independent State. The JDC’s role in helping both Hungarian Jews and refugees from the territories who suffered from hostilities is shown. The volumes of assistance, its forms and the main addressers of its receipt are disclosed. Conclusions. In spite of insurmountable difficulties during World War I and in the post-War years that followed it; in spite of the lack of unity and of many internal differences; in spite of negative attitudes from various governments – in spite of all these obstacles, American Jewry was able not only to deliver general organized relief to the starving European Jews (including Hungarian Jews), but also to assist in the organization of the machinery for the transmission of private relief. Indeed, on November 13, 1919, Dr. Bogen wrote in his report: “The most essential factor in this rehabilitation is the establishment of the necessary means to transmit the relief so generously proffered by American Jewry, the organization of the transmission system”. JDC for the first time had brought together in the common task of mercy American Jews of all shades of opinion. The experience of these years had developed an organization and had recruited dedicated personnel. A small but adaptable staff of diverse background and experience brought together a corps of experts ready to take on additional assignments. A network of affiliated Jewish organizations was prepared to assume responsibility for reconstruction, but was also available in the event of unexpected crisis. Aids for the Jews of Hungary was, though small, but very tangible. Local Jews, as well as refugees from neighboring territories (especially Galicia) received much-needed support. Participation in the program of the European Children’s Fund saved tens of thousands of children and their families from death. At the same time, this program had its continuation in the future. All this created the basis for the transition to the stage of reconstruction, which, if possible, we will highlight in further studies.
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Tessaris, Chiara. "The war relief work of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee in Poland and Lithuania, 1915–18." East European Jewish Affairs 40, no. 2 (August 2010): 127–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13501674.2010.494044.

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Yushkevych, Volodymur. "Major vectors of cooperation of the War Refugee Board with non-governmental organizations (1944 – 1945)." European Historical Studies, no. 11 (2018): 254–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2018.11.254-270.

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The article analyzes one of the areas of the operational work of the War Refugee Board, an American governmental agency that emerged at the end of the World War II. The purpose of the new US government structure was to plan and implement relief and rescue actions for Jews and Nazi minorities persecuted in wartime. This organization appeared in early 1944 due to the efforts of the Secretary to the Treasury Henry Morgenthau Jr. and with the support of President Franklin Roosevelt. The WRB complemented the international organizations system on refugees, the active participant of which was the US government. The article shows that during the sixteen months of its existence the researched governmental structure was able to carry out specific tasks in the territory of the neutral and occupied countries as it was subordinated exclusively by the American administration. On the other hand, the WRB appeared more flexible in its operational activities in comparison with International institutions and entities (the Intergovernmental Committee on Refugees and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation initiative) which needed overall consensus in decision-making process. It is revealed that the important part of the work of the War Refugee Board was to cooperate with public non-governmental organizations. The range of American Jewish and Christian structures that established close partnership with the War Refugee Board has been identified. Considerable attention is paid to the analysis of the main directions of bilateral cooperation. An important element in the implementation of US aid policy in the European armed forces was the involvement of a number of financial resources licensed by the US Department of Defense, of non-governmental organizations, mainly Jewish. It was reached that financial and diplomatic work in the neutral countries of Europe was an indispensable part of the work of the WRB, which was augmented by the cooperation with agents of non-governmental organizations on the occupied territories.
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Motta, Giuseppe. "The Myth of a Jewish Invasion and the Refugee Question in Romania after the Great War." Journal on Ethnopolitics and Minority Issues in Europe 23, no. 2 (July 18, 2024): 54–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.53779/mtgs1423.

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The idea of a Jewish invasion in Romania appeared during the debates on the first constitution (1866) and was revitalized after 1918, as the recently occupied territory of Bessarabia hosted many Jewish groups fleeing revolutionary Russia, the civil war, and pogroms. In this context, the immigrants were depicted by nationalist propaganda as invaders wishing to exploit Romania’s wealth and hospitality, and this image was combined with the myth of Judeo-Bolshevism. Thanks to the archival sources of the High Commission for Refugees and of relief organizations such as the Joint Distribution Committee, this paper aims to present in detail the controversial encounter between national security policies and humanitarian concerns for the fate of the refugees. At the same time, it will discuss how the refugee question influenced the Romanian political context, fostering sentiments of antisemitism and xenophobic anxiety. As will be argued, the idea of an invasion was very influential before and after World War I, and conditioned not only the definition of the policies regarding citizenship and minorities, but also the whole political discourse and the shaping of Romanian identity. At the same time, the emergence of refugees and the juxtaposition of humanitarian versus national security was not a purely Romanian affair, and in many aspects anticipated the topics of today’s debates.
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Eisenstein, Paul. "Necessary Exorcisms: Intercessory Law in S. Ansky's The Dybbuk." Shofar: An Interdisciplinary Journal of Jewish Studies 42, no. 1 (2024): 52–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/sho.2024.a932337.

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Abstract: "Necessary Exorcisms" reads S. Ansky's The Dybbuk in the context of Ansky's travels during World War I as a relief aid worker with the Jewish Committee to Help War Victims. Ansky's description of the fate of Jews in occupied Galicia—in the fragments of a diary he kept during these years and in a longer memoir published after the war—confronts us with two motifs at the heart of The Dybbuk : a blurring of the threshold between life and death, and the important role that law, litigatory practices, and lawful authorities play as entities to which one could appeal to prevent a wrong from occurring and/or to adjudicate a wrong after it has occurred. To read The Dybbuk alongside Ansky's account of what happened to Jews in Galicia during World War I is to see the play as a dramatic exploration of issues at the heart of what Giorgio Agamben has theorized as a state of exception—the geopolitical space in which there is no law or lawful authority to which to appeal when one's rights as a citizen have been revoked and one has become exposed to arbitrary violence. To read The Dybbuk as a play obliquely linked to the fate of Jews in occupied Galicia is to complicate contemporary readings that see Ansky staging the law's malign power to punish illicit desires so as to uphold patriarchal and classist norms. Reading The Dybbuk as a postwar play, "Necessary Exorcisms" discerns in it an apology for the law and its intercessions.
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Pohromskyi, Victor. "ACTIVITIES OF THE POLISH AMERICAN CHILDREN’S AID COMMITTEE AND THE AMERICAN RELIFE ADMINISTRATION (ARA) ON THE TERRITORY OF POLISH REPUBLIC." European Historical Studies, no. 19 (2021): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2021.19.6.

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The end of the First World War was a consequence of a whole range of significant problems in the countries of Eastern Europe. These include the general poverty of the population, the decline of the rural industry and industrial production, the general political crisis that increased the popularity of radical communist movements, the change of geopolitical formation in Europe. The main factor that led to the destruction of the imperialist system was World War the first. On the ruins of empires, new independent countries are emerging, including the restored Republic of Poland or the Second Commonwealth. The whole list of problems that often reinforced each other was extremely difficult to overcome solely with the country inner capabilities and reserves. In fact, the period of the 20-30s of the twentieth century becomes the era of the expansion of the international philanthropic organizations activities, among which an important role was taken by American subsidiary organizations. These include the American Relief Administration (ARA), the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and some religious organizations such as the American Mennonites and others. Quite often these organizations were united, sometimes acting separately, or transferring the relay activity from one to another. The involvement of American philanthropic organizations in dealing with the needy countries of Eastern Europe has become possible due to a number of factors. The following of them are the departure from the policy of isolationism, the rapid increase in the US labor productivity, the crisis of overproduction, the formation within the American society of a humanists and philanthropists layer, mainly among the richest and the most influential entrepreneurs (Andrew Carnegie, John Rockefeller, Jacob Schiff, Herbert Hoover, etc.), who, having earned enormous wealth, created non-governmental charitable foundations with the aim of financing the philanthropic projects. Thus the activity of Herbert Hoover American humanitarian organization (the American Relief Administration (ARA)) which was started in 1919 in the US changed the general economic and social situation. Its main purpose was to provide food for Polish children needs. ARA launched a whole network of dining-rooms throughout Poland.
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Kuby, Emma. ""The Last Act in the Tragedy of Judaism": Stalinist Antisemitism, the American Jewish Committee, and French Holocaust Memory in the Cold War." Jewish Social Studies 29, no. 1 (January 2024): 87–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.2979/jss.00004.

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Abstract: Beginning in 1952, the New York-based American Jewish Committee (AJC) spearheaded a transatlantic effort to stigmatize Stalinist antisemitism through direct historical comparison with the recent Nazi genocide of European Jewry. In France, home to the AJC's European headquarters, the project of tarring Stalin with Hitler's brush spurred an unprecedented flood of discourse about the Holocaust. However, the narrative that emerged among participating French intellectuals—Jewish and non-Jewish—elided the genocide's Western European dimensions. This article analyzes the AJC's French-language journal Évidences comparatively alongside its American sister journal, Commentary , and contextually against documentation from the AJC archives in order to argue that the politics of the early Cold War did not simply impede Holocaust memory in the West; rather, anti-totalitarian projects produced framings of the genocide that relied on and replicated the Cold War's own temporal and geographic logics.
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Horváth, Rita. "Jews in Hungary after the Holocaust: The national relief committee for deportees, 1945–1950∗." Journal of Israeli History 19, no. 2 (June 1998): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13531049808576129.

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Ciesielski, Mariusz. "Zdzisław Zmigryder Konopka – ancient militaty historian, classical philologist, historian of roman law and teacher." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia 24, no. 24 (December 27, 2022): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2022.24.8.

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Zdzisław Zmigryder-Konopka, Warsaw philologist, historian of the antique military, Roman law and teacher, engaged with antiquity in many ways during his scholarly and teaching career. Above all, however, he was trained as a philologist and for a certain period (when not employed at the university) he was even a teacher of Latin and Greek in secondary schools, where he enjoyed recognition among pupils and students. In his research work – interrupted by his untimely passing – he focused on Roman history, but his studies spanned a broad chronological timeframe and diverse range of topics, namely Roman law (social and constitutional) and military history. He was a man utterly fascinated by his field and working with young people, not to mention his public activism. He was the type of true humanist whose values, formed and embraced during university studies, shaped and permanently influenced his attitude to life. In the final period of his life, with the rise of anti-Semitism and growing threat of war, Zdzisław Zmigryder-Konopka became a member of the National Committee for Aid to Jewish Refugees from Germany. In addition, he became involved with the Social Committee for the Defence of the State as part of the Jewish Community in Warsaw. After the outbreak of the war, he volunteered to fight in the September campaign, and after it ended he arrived in Lwów to become a lecturer at the Jan Kazimierz University. Though affected by poor health and chronic illness, his death on 4 November 1939 still came as a surprise. Discussed more broadly in this paper, Zmigryder-Konopka’s “Battle in the Teutoburg Forest” relied on an analysis of source text to deliver a substantive response to the assertions published in German scholarly literature of the 1930s, which eulogized Germanic past in European history following Germany’s defeat in the Great War of 1914-1918 and Adolf Hitler’s rise to power.
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Venkov, Andrey, and Hamitbi Mamsirov. "“Mata Hari” in the Don Version." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 3 (July 2024): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2024.3.7.

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Introduction. During the civil war on the Don, in the conservative Cossack region, in the cities of Rostov-on-Don and Taganrog, women played an important role in the Bolshevik underground and in the organization of Soviet intelligence. Methods and materials. The historiography of this problem is extremely insignificant. In the article, the task was set to find out the reasons for such a feature, relying on a fairly large selection of memoirs and documents and using comparative and anthropological research methods. Analysis. It was found out that many women during the civil war resolutely joined the ranks of one of the opposing sides and sometimes, on their own initiative, fought with special “female methods.” The underground Don committee created by the Bolsheviks consisted of 4 men and 5 women. The women who led the underground were transferred to the Don across the front line. Local women who were part of the underground were used as couriers to cross the front line with intelligence data. The leaders turned out to be good organizers. For the sake of obtaining information, the underground women could enter into close relations with the enemy representatives they were interested in, use their “charms” to lure and destroy white officers, and ruthlessly, without proceedings, destroy in their midst someone who was suspected of treason. Results. It was impossible to organize an intelligence network in Cossack villages, where the majority of the population supported whites, and the Bolsheviks relied on cities with large Ukrainian, Jewish, and Greek populations. The contemptuous attitude of the enemy towards women inherent in traditional society was taken into account. The women selected for underground work were distinguished by promiscuity and ruthlessness. Authors’ contributions. The material on the situation on the Don was prepared by A.V. Venkov. The material on the principles of the organization of intelligence and counterintelligence and the involvement of women in this work was prepared by H.B. Mamsirov.
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Books on the topic "Jewish Relief Committee"

1

Fink, Joseph. The day was short, the work was vast: A memoir 1944-1949. Pasadena, CA: Ane Image, 1998.

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Archives, Yeshiva University. An inventory to the records of the Central Relief Committee, 1914-1918. [New York]: Yeshiva University Archives, 1986.

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United States. Congress. House. Committee on Foreign Affairs. Various bills and resolutions: Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, on H. Res. 1351, H. Res. 1361, H. Res. 1369, H. Con. Res. 374, H.R. 6574 and H. Res. 1370, July 24, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2008.

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Affairs, United States Congress House Committee on Foreign. Various bills and resolutions: Markup before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, One Hundred Tenth Congress, first session, on H.R. 982, H.R. 1469, H.R. 1405, H.R. 1441, H.R. 1678, H. Con. Res. 100, H. Res. 100, H. Res. 125, H. Res. 158, H. Res. 196, H. Res. 240, H. Res. 267, and H.R. 1681, March 27, 2007. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2007.

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United States. Congress. Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe. Implementation of the Helsinki accords: Joint hearing before the Commission on Security and Cooperation in Europe and the Subcommittee on Africa of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, One Hundred Second Congress, first session : Conference on Security, Stability, Development, and Cooperation in Africa, July 30, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1992.

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Relief in time of need: Russian Jewry and the Joint, 1914-24. Bloomington, IN: Slavica Publishers, 2015.

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Szita, Szabolcs. Trading in Lives?: Operations of the Jewish Relief and Rescue Committee in Budapest, 1944-1945. Central European University Press, 2010.

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Trading in Lives? Operations of the Jewish Relief and Rescue Committee in Budapest, 1944-1945. Central European University Press, 2005.

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Shachtman, Tom. I Seek My Brethren: Ralph Goldman and "The Joint": Rescue, Relief and Reconstruction--The Work of the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee. Newmarket Press, 2001.

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Fink, Joseph. The day was short, the work was vast: A memoir 1944-1949. Ane Image, 1998.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jewish Relief Committee"

1

Weinberg, David H. "Return, Relief, and Rehabilitation." In Recovering a Voice, 22–72. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764104.003.0002.

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This chapter discusses the start of the relief effort for the Jews of post-war France, Belgium, and the Netherlands after the Second World War. The initial strategy devised by the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (JDC) and other international Jewish organizations in 1945 in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands was to leave relief efforts to others. While working to secure Jewish representation on local aid committees that had been created by Christian charities, the Red Cross, and individual political parties, they would piggyback on the numerous relief efforts that Jewish communities in the three countries had themselves established during the war or had initiated at the time of liberation. Where possible, they would also demand that national governments assist Jewish survivors. In the absence of support from private aid groups and despite their weakened condition, a variety of local Jewish community agencies did what they could to aid survivors. Ultimately, in the first two decades after the war, American and other international organizations would be only partially successful in restructuring the Jewish communities of western Europe.
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Weinberg, David H. "Introduction." In Recovering a Voice, 1–21. Liverpool University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781906764104.003.0001.

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This introductory chapter provides an overview of how the Jews of post-war France, Belgium, and the Netherlands reconstructed their communities in the period between 1945 and the early 1960s. During these years, the Jews of the three countries attempted not only to recover from the devastation of their recent past but also to lay the foundations for their future. International and American Jewish relief and political organizations played a seminal role in these efforts. As relief organizations began to realize that the majority of the surviving Jews in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands intended to remain where they were, they took an interest in helping to reshape communal life. The goal, as it emerged in discussions beginning in 1947, was to implement a ‘Jewish Marshall Plan’ that would enable viable settlements, such as those in France, Belgium, and the Netherlands, to achieve stability and growth. Of the many external Jewish agencies that played a role in the efforts to reconstruct Jewish life in western Europe after 1945, three stand out: the American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee (known popularly in America as the JDC and in Europe as the Joint), the American Jewish Committee (AJC), and the World Jewish Congress (WJC).
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Ellenson, David. "Judaism Resurgent? American Jews and the Evolving Expression of Jewish Values and Jewish Identity in Modem American Life." In Studies in Contemporary Jewry: Volume XVII: Who owns Judaism? Public Religion and Private Faith in America and Israel, 156–71. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195148022.003.0009.

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Abstract In 1943, at the height of the Holocaust and at a moment of intense agitation for the creation of a Jewish state, Joseph Proskauer, then president of the American Jewish Committee, authored an AJC-sponsored “Statement of Views.” Addressed to world leaders who would eventually frame the terms of an armistice and dictate postwar conditions of peace, the document stated: “We urge upon the United Nations and those who shall frame the terms of the peace the relief from the havoc and ruin inflicted by Axis barbarism on millions of unoffending human beings, especially Jews.” In commenting upon this statement, historian Marc Dollinger has observed that “the AJC’s decision to focus on ‘human beings’ first and list ‘Jews’ second reflected Proskauer’s universalist orientation.
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Paulsson, Gunnar S. "The Demography of Jews in Hiding in Warsaw, 1943‒1945." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 13, 78–103. Liverpool University Press, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774600.003.0005.

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This chapter provides a demography of the Jewish fugitives in Warsaw during the Holocaust, considering the Berman Archive. This archive contains the records of the Jewish National Committee (Żydowski Komitet Narodowy: ŻKN) and the personal papers of its chairman, Dr Adolf Berman. The documents from the Berman Archive that are of greatest interest to the chapter are lists of people who were receiving financial assistance from the committee. These lists contain, all told, some 7,500 individual entries, each consisting of some of the following information: name (of an individual or family group); number of people in the group; receipt number and amount received; age, or date, and place of birth; other identifying information such as occupation and place of origin; name of the responsible activist; and comments of various kinds. The interpretation of these documents requires some knowledge of the structure and function of the ŻKN and, indeed, of the whole organized effort to bring relief to Jews in hiding.
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Levin, Geoffrey. "An American Light unto the Jewish Nation." In Our Palestine Question, 78–108. Yale University Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300267853.003.0004.

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Chapter 3 focuses on Israel’s mistreatment of its Arab minority as the book returns to the story of the American Jewish Committee (AJC), arguably the most influential American Jewish organization during the Eisenhower years. The AJC’s 1956 Palestinian refugee relief initiative designed by Peretz came as part of a wider shift within the organization toward paying greater attention to Palestinian rights issues. Most notably, the AJC sent a delegation of its leaders to Israel in 1957 to investigate reports that Israel’s Palestinian Arab minority faced discrimination and unfair treatment, as most Arabs in Israel then lived in areas of the country subject to military rule. The AJC confronted Israeli prime minister David Ben-Gurion on this point, urging him to rethink Israel’s entire approach to the Arab minority. After the Israeli government ignored these requests, the AJC set up an office in Tel Aviv to advance liberal ideals in Israel, educate Israeli Jews about democracy, and push for greater Arab-Jewish cooperation. The episode reveals the AJC’s interest in shaping Israeli society to meet its own liberal self-image, but also emphasizes the limits and, ultimately, the failures of these efforts.
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Howard, Adam M. "From Homeland to Statehood." In Sewing the Fabric of Statehood, 50–79. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252041464.003.0004.

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The 1939 McDonald White Paper proved calamitous for European Jews as it severely limited immigration to Palestine. This led the AFL and the recently formed CIO to pressure the British government to allow Jewish immigration to Palestine. The American Trade Union Council for Labor Palestine (AJTUCP) formed in 1944 so the American labor movement could speak with one voice on Palestine. Led by Max Zaritsky, the AJTUCP rallied the leadership of AFL and CIO unions as well as the leadership of both federations. By July 1945, trade union leaders hoped for relief from the White Paper’s immigration restrictions with the British Labour Party’s stunning election victory that month. However, the new government and its foreign minister, Ernest Bevin, maintained the restrictions of the predecessor Conservative government, greatly irritating U.S. labor leaders. This refusal to change course led to tremendous protests from American labor, including communist organizations such as the American Jewish Labor Council (AJLC). The International Fur and Leather Workers’ Union’s leadership, a communist led union, played a vital role in the AJLC, which protested British actions vigorously between 1946 and 1948. Ultimately, the United Nations created a special committee to investigate solutions in Palestine (UNSCOP), which led to its recommendation for the partition of Palestine in 1947. That November, the U.N. General Assembly voted for the partition of Palestine into separate Jewish and Arab states.
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Wertheimer, Jack. "The Challenge of Jewish Mass Migration." In Unwelcome Strangers, 11–22. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195065855.003.0002.

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Abstract In the last two years of the 1860s, a few thousand Russian Jews crossed into Prussia seeking relief from cholera epidemics and famines that were wreaking havoc in the western part of the Tsarist Empire. Desperately ill and malnourished, the refugees deluged their German coreligionists with pleas for economic assistance and medical attention. The latter responded by launching numerous ad hoc committees that collected funds throughout Germany and then funneled their receipts to Jewish communities along the frontier; these, in tum, provided relief to the needy. In time, the immediate crisis passed. Many of the Russian Jews remained in Prussia or traveled farther west, some as far as the New World. And the ad hoc committees, convinced that their mission had ended, folded their operations. No contemporary could have anticipated that the Russian refugees of 1868—69 represented the vanguard of a Jewish mass migration from the East that would transform the course of modem Jewish history.
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Belova, Irina. "‘Human waves’: refugees in Russia, 1914–18." In Europe on the Move. Manchester University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.7228/manchester/9781784994419.003.0005.

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Mass population displacement in Russia began at the very outset of war. People left their homes to evade enemy invasion, but the Russian army also targeted subjects of the Tsar who were suspected of cooperating with the enemy and resettled them in the Russian interior. German and Jewish subjects were disproportionately affected by this policy. The Tsarist state struggled to come to terms with the mass displacement, but finally articulated a policy towards refugees at the end of August 1915 by giving a new Special Council for Refugees overall responsibility for managing the refugee crisis. Local welfare provision became the responsibility of provincial governors. Local authorities played an important role, but refugees relied heavily upon the semi-official Tatiana committee, private philanthropy, religious communities and new national committees.. Social and political upheaval in 1917 created new structures of authority, complicating the process of repatriation. This chapter draws on Russian archives and refugees’ memoirs to trace the contours of the refugee crisis in Russia’s provinces.
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Blatman, Daniel. "Strangers in their Own Land: Polish Jews from Lublin to Kielce." In Polin: Studies in Polish Jewry Volume 15, 335–58. Liverpool University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774716.003.0022.

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This chapter examines several aspects of the lives and experiences of the survivor community in Poland. Much has been written about relations between the new regime in Poland and the Jewish survivors, the formation of the relief committees, the political entities, the beriḥah (‘flight’) apparatus, and the revitalization of youth and political movements. The main characteristic in any historical analysis of a collectivity’s daily life is an examination of long-term processes taking place within the society in question. Such a perspective, however, does not apply to the situation of the Jewish survivors in Poland. The most consistent factor in their lives was instability; theirs was a life of reconstruction and entrenchment within a reality of deconstruction and departure.
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Geheran, Michael. "Under the “Absolute” Power of National Socialism, 1938–41." In Comrades Betrayed, 117–69. Cornell University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501751011.003.0006.

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This chapter analyzes the massive deterioration of the situation of Jewish veterans after 1938 and the intense debates between the higher echelons of the Wehrmacht, Schutzstaffel (SS), and Nazi Party officials over the remnants of the special status that they, at this stage, still enjoyed. It also examines Jewish veterans' ongoing attempts to preserve their honor as prisoners in the Nazi concentration camps following the mass incarcerations after Kristallnacht. As they were rounded up, physically and verbally assaulted, and deported to Dachau, Buchenwald, and Sachsenhausen, Jewish veterans not only relied on their military training and memories of the war to overcome the ordeal; they also remained committed to preserving their honor and their dignity. This also held true for those Jewish veterans deported to the ghettos of Lodz, Minsk, and Riga in late 1941.
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