Academic literature on the topic 'Jewish (1939-1945) Germany Berlin'

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Journal articles on the topic "Jewish (1939-1945) Germany Berlin"

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Grams, Grant W. "Louis Hamilton: A British Scholar in Nazi Germany." Fascism 5, no. 2 (October 27, 2016): 177–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116257-00502005.

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Louis Hamilton (1879–1948) was a British national that lectured at various institutions of higher learning in Berlin from 1904–1914, and 1919–1938. During the Third Reich (1933–1945) Hamilton was accused of being half-Jewish and his continued presence at institutions of higher learning was considered undesirable. Hamilton like other foreign born academics was coerced to leave Germany because the Nazi educational system viewed them as being politically unreliable. Hamilton’s experiences are an illustration of what foreign academics suffered during the Third Reich. The purpose of this article is to shed new light on the fate of foreign academics in Nazi Germany. Although the fate of Jewish professors and students has been researched non-Jewish and non-Aryan instructors has been a neglected topic within the history of Nazism.
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Kaplan, Thomas Pegelow. "“In the Interest of the Volk…”: Nazi-German Paternity Suits and Racial Recategorization in the Munich Superior Courts, 1938–1945." Law and History Review 29, no. 2 (May 2011): 523–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0738248011000071.

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In Nazi Germany, integration into the community of the Volk, or exclusion and persecution, were determined by the regime's categories. As legal historian Michael Stolleis has noted, this new National Socialist terminology “quick[ly] penetrat[ed] … into the old conceptual world” of German jurisprudence and the country's court system. In line with the prescriptions of the political leadership of the Hitler state, bureaucrats of the Justice and Interior Ministries in Berlin drafted novel legislation that, once issued as new laws, judges, state attorneys, and lawyers readily interpreted and put into practice. With the promulgation of the Nuremberg Laws in September 1935, the main racial designations evolved around a tripartite terminology of “full Jews [Volljuden],” “Jewish mixed breeds [Mischlinge],” and “persons of German and kindred blood.” In accordance with paragraph 5 of the first supplementary decree to the Reich Citizenship Law of November 1935, state authorities classified any descendant “from at least three grandparents who [we]re racially full Jews” as Jewish. Paragraph 3 defined Mischlinge of the first degree, introduced as a novel legal category, as Jewish Mischlinge with two grandparents “who [we]re racially full Jews.” The supplementary decrees did not explicitly delineate the term “person of German blood”, but the main commentary of the Nuremberg Laws loosely tied this term to the “German Volk” as a community comprised of six basic races, including the Nordic and East Baltic ones.
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Schiller, Kay. "„Der schnellste Jude Deutschlands“. Sport, Moderne und (Körper-)Politik im bewegten Leben Alex Natans (1906–1971)." STADION 43, no. 2 (2019): 185–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0172-4029-2019-2-185.

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This article deals with the biography of the elite Jewish-German sprinter, sports writer and left-wing political activist Alex Natan, „the fastest Jew in Germany“ (Alfred Flechtheim) during the 1920s. Hailing from an assimilated family of the Berlin Jewish-German middle class, Natan was for most of his active career a member of the bürgerlich sport movement, running for SC Charlottenburg Berlin. He achieved his greatest athletic success as a member of the club’s world-record equalling 4x100-meter relay squad in 1929. In addition to Natan’s athletic achievements, the article pays particular attention to his career as a left-wing sports journalist; his participation in the anti-Nazi resistance of civil servants in the Reich Vice Chancellery in 1933/34; his emigration to Britain in 1933; his four-year internment during World War II; the resumption of his journalistic career in the postwar period; and his support for the 1972 Munich Olympics. By focusing on his confrontations with Carl Diem and Karl Ritter von Halt, the article also engages with Natan’s vocal opposition to the rehabilitation after 1945 of sport functionaries who had collaborated with the Nazi regime.
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Hecht, Dieter J. "Religiöse Zionistinnen. Die Europäische Misrachi-Frauenorganisation 1929-1939." Aschkenas 29, no. 1 (June 4, 2019): 211–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/asch-2019-0014.

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Abstract When Bessie Gotsfeld (1888-1962) founded the »Mizrachi Womenʼs Organization of America« (aka AMIT) in 1925, religious Zionist women in Europe also started to organize their work in several European countries. In 1928, Meir Berlin (later Meir Bar-Ilan), one of the leading rabbis of the Mizrachi movement, met in Vienna with Anitta Müller-Cohen (1890-1962), a prominent Zionist woman activist. After that meeting, Müller-Cohen joined the ranks of the Mizrachi movement and started to build up a »European League of Mizrachi Women«. Besides Germany, there were important local associations in Belgium, Great Britain and the Netherlands. The ambitious project of the European Mizrachi women caused a conflict with the WIZO, the biggest and most important organization of Jewish women, that escalated at the VIth World Congress of Zionist Women in Basel in 1931. The rise to power of National Socialism in Germany in 1933, challenged the developing Mizrachi Women’s League beyond their means and finally led to their destruction during the Shoah. In this paper, I trace the network of Jewish women who engaged with the Mizrachi Women’s League, and analyse their personal commitment. Additionally, the paper focuses on the different ideological backgrounds of Mizrachi women at a local and international level. Hence, the conflict between different Zionist women’s organisations, i. e. Mizrachi versus WIZO, gains center stage.
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GREENBERG, UDI. "ERNST CASSIRER'S MOMENT: PHILOSOPHY AND POLITICS." Modern Intellectual History 10, no. 1 (April 2013): 221–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479244312000431.

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The emergence of the German Jewish philosopher Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) as the object of scholarly attention has been both surprising and rapid. In the decades since his early death while in exile in the United States, Cassirer never fell into complete oblivion. His works remained known to specialists in German intellectual history; his participation in a famous 1929 debate with Martin Heidegger in Davos, Switzerland, one of the most iconic moments in modern Continental thought, made his name familiar to most students of modern philosophy. Yet Cassirer lacked the widespread recognition given to contemporaries such as Heidegger or Walter Benjamin, and his work never became the center of historical or philosophical study. This neglect stemmed, in part, from dismissal by his peers; as Edward Skidelsky explains in his new study, Rudolf Carnap found him “rather pastoral,” Isaiah Berlin dismissed him as “serenely innocent,” and Theodor Adorno thought he was “totally gaga” (125). The last few years, however, have seen the rise of a remarkable new interest in Cassirer in both Germany and the English-speaking world. Among this recent literature, Edward Skidelsky's and Peter Gordon's works lead the small “Cassirer renaissance” and offer the best English-language introduction to his thought. Both Gordon and Skidelsky ambitiously seek to relocate Cassirer at the forefront of modern German and European thought. Gordon goes as far as to call him “one of the greatest philosophers and intellectual historians to emerge from the cultural ferment of modern Germany” and one of the most important thinkers of the twentieth century (11). In making such bold statements, Gordon and Skidelsky clearly set their sights beyond the person himself; they aspire to highlight a central strand of thought that enjoyed a powerful presence in early twentieth-century Germany but fell into neglect in the postwar era. In doing so, they seek to reevaluate the nature and legacy of Weimar thought, its complex relationship with the period's unstable politics, and its relevance today.
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Meng, Michael. "East Germany's Jewish Question: The Return and Preservation of Jewish Sites in East Berlin and Potsdam, 1945–1989." Central European History 38, no. 4 (December 2005): 606–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156916105775563544.

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InSeptember 1950, Julius Meyer, head of the State Association of Jewish Communities in the German Democratic Republic (GDR), sent a letter to the Finance Ministry inquiring about the current state of Jewish communal property. Throughout the immediate postwar years, he and other Jewish leaders had requested, though with little success, the return of Jewish property and assistance to rebuild Jewish sites. With the occupation now over, Meyer hoped that the newly formed East German state might be sympathetic to the needs of theGemeinde(a religious community of Jews). He noted that the Jewish community had “still not acquired its own property” since most of it remained “under the control of the state” or in the hands of those who had seized it during the Nazi program of “Aryanization.” Meyer also pointed out that the Gemeinde needed money to reconstruct the numerous synagogues and Jewish cemeteries that had been damaged duringKristallnachtand World War II. “We ask,” he explained, “that you take into consideration the fact that the Jewish community, because of the extermination policy of the fascist state, finds itself in a situation like no other religious community.”
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Lônčíková, Michala. "The end of War, the end of persecution? Post-World War II collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia." History in flux 1, no. 1 (December 21, 2019): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32728/flux.2019.1.8.

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Contrary to the previous political regime of the Slovak state (1939–1945), official policy had significantly changed in the renewed Czechoslovakia after the end of World War II, but anti-Jewish sentiments and even their brachial demonstrations somewhat framed the everyday reality of Jewish survivors who were returning to their homes from liberated concentration camps or hiding places. Their attempts to reintegrate into the society where they had used to live regularly came across intolerance, hatred and social exclusion, further strengthened by classical anti-Semitic stereotypes and prejudices. Desired capitulation of Nazi Germany and its satellites resulted also in the end of systematic Jewish extermination, but it did not automatically lead to a peaceful everyday life. This paper focuses on the social dynamics between Slovak majority society and the decimated Jewish minority in the first post-World War II years and analyses some crucial factors, particular motivations and circumstances of the selected acts of collective anti-Jewish violence in Slovakia. Moreover, the typological diversity of the specific collective atrocities will be discussed.
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BRODIE, THOMAS. "German Society at War, 1939–45." Contemporary European History 27, no. 3 (July 23, 2018): 500–516. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960777318000255.

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The actions, attitudes and experiences of German society between 1939 and 1945 played a crucial role in ensuring that the Second World War was not only ‘the most immense and costly ever fought’ but also a conflict which uniquely resembled the ideal type of a ‘total war’. The Nazi regime mobilised German society on an unprecedented scale: over 18 million men served in the Wehrmacht and Waffen SS, and compulsoryVolkssturmduty, initiated as Allied forces approached Germany's borders in September 1944, embraced further millions of the young and middle-aged. The German war effort, above all in occupied Eastern Europe and the Soviet Union, claimed the lives of millions of Jewish and gentile civilians and served explicitly genocidal ends. In this most ‘total’ of conflicts, the sheer scale of the Third Reich's ultimate defeat stands out, even in comparison with that of Imperial Japan, which surrendered to the Allies prior to an invasion of its Home Islands. When the war in Europe ended on 8 May 1945 Allied forces had occupied almost all of Germany, with its state and economic structures lying in ruins. Some 4.8 million German soldiers and 300,000 Waffen SS troops lost their lives during the Second World War, including 40 per cent of German men born in 1920. According to recent estimates Allied bombing claimed approximately 350,000 to 380,000 victims and inflicted untold damage on the urban fabric of towns and cities across the Reich. As Nicholas Stargardt notes, this was truly ‘a German war like no other’.
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Harviainen, Tapani. "The Jews in Finland and World War II." Nordisk Judaistik/Scandinavian Jewish Studies 21, no. 1-2 (September 1, 2000): 157–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.30752/nj.69575.

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In the years 1989–1944 two different wars against the Soviet Union were imposed upon Finland. During the Winter War of 1989–1940 Germany remained strictly neutral on the basis of the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact&&Great Britain and France planned intervention in favour of Finland. When the second, so-called Continuation War broke out in the summer of 1041, Finland was co-belligerent of Germany, and Great Britain declared war on Finland in December 1941. De jure, however, Finland was never an ally of Germany, and at the end of the war, in the winter 1944–1945, the Finnish armed forces expelled the German troops from Lapland, which was devastated by the Germans during their retreat to Norway. Military service was compulsory for each male citizen of Finland. In 1939 the Jewish population of Finland numbered 1 700. Of these, 260 men were called up and approximately 200 were sent to serve at the front during the Winter War.
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Wichert, Wojciech. "„Exerzierplatz des Nationalsozialismus“ — der Reichsgau Wartheland in den Jahren 1939–1945." Studia nad Autorytaryzmem i Totalitaryzmem 40, no. 2 (August 16, 2018): 79–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/2300-7249.40.2.4.

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The aim of the article is the analysis of German policy in Reichsgau Wartheland, an area of western Poland annexed to Germany in the years 1939–1945. In scientific literature German rule in Warthegau with its capital in Poznań is often defined as ,,experimental training area of National Socialism”, where the regime could test its genocidal and racial practices, which were an emanation of the German occupation of Poland. The Nazi authorities wanted to accomplish its ideological goals in Wartheland in a variety of cruel ways, including the ethnic cleansing, annihilation of Polish intelligentsia, destruction of cultural institutions, forced resettlement and expulsion, segregation Germans from Poles combined with wide-ranging racial discrimination against the Polish population, mass incarceration in prisons and concentration camps, systematic roundups of prisoners, as well as genocide of Poles and Jews within the scope of radical Germanization policy and Holocaust. The aim of Arthur Greiser, the territorial leader of the Wartheland Gauleiter and at the same time one of the most powerful local Nazi administrators in Hitler‘s empire, was to change the demographic structure and colonisation of the area by the hundreds of thousands of ethnic Germans Volksdeutschen from the Baltic and other regions in order to make it a ,,blond province” and a racial laboratory for the breeding of the ,,German master race”. The largest forced labour program, the first and longest standing ghetto in Łódź, which the Nazis renamed later Litzmannstadt and the first experimental mass gassings of Jews in Nazi-occupied Europe carried out from autumn 1941 in gas vans in Chełmno extermination camp were all initiated in Warthegau, even before the implementation of the Final Solution. Furthermore, some of the first major deportations of the Jewish population took place here. Therefore in the genesis of the of the Nazi extermination policy of European Jewry Wartheland plays a pivotal role, as well as an important part of ruthless German occupation of Polish territories.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jewish (1939-1945) Germany Berlin"

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Byers, Catherine P. "Reporting wartime Germany : perceptions of American journalists in Berlin, 1939-1941." Virtual Press, 1986. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/478643.

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"Reporting Wartime Germany" is a study of the memoirs, diaries, and other works of American journalists who were in Berlin during the early wartime years, 1939-1941. It analyzes their perceptions of the changes which occurred during that important period. Manipulation of politics and political power is discussed, along with growth of resistance to the regime, and the apparent inability of the regime to negotiate with foreigners in good faith. The role of newspapers, periodicals, radio and the motion picture industry as media of propaganda is studied; the system of education, control of religion, and attempts to regulate artistic endeavors are surveyed. Particular attention is paid to the use of literature and art as means of directing the minds of the Berliners. Various forms of culture, including opera and the theater, are analyzed in terms of their importance as a"-form of escape for the Berliners. Other types of entertainment, such as nightclubs, restaurants, and vaudeville, along with spectator sports, are also included. Analysis is offered concerning the immediate loss of such "luxuries" as adequate transportation, liquor, coffee and tea, and cigarettes, the shortage of housing and the rationing of such staples as food and clothing, and the impact these changes in lifestyle had on the Berliners. The gradual change in attitude perceived by the Americans, from acceptance of conditions to fear that the war might be lost, is described. Because of the need to verify the often highly subjective reports of the journalists, there are extensive notes which include references to accounts by others who were in Berlin, either contemporaneously or earlier or later than the first wartime years, and also to significant secondary works. Thus this study presents a broad overview of Berlin during the early wartime years, as seen by foreigners with many different perspectives. The similarities and differences in their perceptions are noted. The discrepancies are stressed, with verifying sources for different viewpoints included in the notes. The conclusion drawn is that the real changes perceived by the Americans occurred in 1933, when the Nazis came to power, and after the summer of 1941 following the beginning of the Russian campaign. More importantly, the study underlines the importance of using and carefully comparing multiple sources for any type of historical inquiry. The study underscores how well-meaning and supposedly objective observers of the same scene can often differ significantly in their perceptions, interpretation, and reporting of specificevents and major trends.
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Zellhuber, Andreas. ""Unsere Verwaltung treibt einer Katastrophe zu - " : das Reichsministerium für die besetzten Ostgebiete und die deutsche Besatzungsherrschaft in der Sowjetunion 1941-1945 /." München : Vögel, 2006. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=014784199&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.

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Hollander, Ethan J. "Swords or shields? : implementing and subverting the final solution in Nazi-occupied Europe /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF formate. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2006. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3244175.

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Gutberlet, Anja. "Das Schicksal der jüdischen Gemeinde in Fulda nach 1933 /." [Giessen : A. Gutberlet], 1994. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/fy0710/2006502599.html.

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"Wissenschaftliche Hausarbeit im Rahmen der Ersten Staatsprüfung für das Lehramt an Grundschulden bzw. Haupt- und Realschulen im Fach katholischer Theologie, eingereicht dem Wiss. Prüfungsamt für das Lehramt an Grundschulen und an Haput- und Realschulen in Giessen" --T.p.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 92-95).
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Jordan, Jennifer Annabelle. "Building culture : urban change and collective memory in the new Berlin /." Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2000. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9979964.

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Abrahams-Sprod, Michael E. "Life under Siege: The Jews of Magdeburg under Nazi Rule." University of Sydney, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/1627.

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Doctor of Philosophy
This regional study documents the life and the destruction of the Jewish community of Magdeburg, in the Prussian province of Saxony, between 1933 and 1945. As this is the first comprehensive and academic study of this community during the Nazi period, it has contributed to both the regional historiography of German Jewry and the historiography of the Shoah in Germany. In both respects it affords a further understanding of Jewish life in Nazi Germany. Commencing this study at the beginning of 1933 enables a comprehensive view to emerge of the community as it was on the eve of the Nazi assault. The study then analyses the spiralling events that led to its eventual destruction. The story of the Magdeburg Jewish community in both the public and private domains has been explored from the Nazi accession to power in 1933 up until April 1945, when only a handful of Jews in the city witnessed liberation. This study has combined both archival material and oral history to reconstruct the period. Secondary literature has largely been incorporated and used in a comparative sense and as reference material. This study has interpreted and viewed the period from an essentially Jewish perspective. That is to say, in documenting the experiences of the Jews of Magdeburg, this study has focused almost exclusively on how this population simultaneously lived and grappled with the deteriorating situation. Much attention has been placed on how it reacted and responded at key junctures in the processes of disenfranchisement, exclusion and finally destruction. This discussion also includes how and why Jews reached decisions to abandon their Heimat and what their experiences with departure were. In the final chapter of the community’s story, an exploration has been made of how the majority of those Jews who remained endured the final years of humiliation and stigmatisation. All but a few perished once the implementation of the ‘Final Solution’ reached Magdeburg in April 1942. The epilogue of this study charts the experiences of those who remained in the city, some of whom survived to tell their story.
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Groot, Heinrich de. "Judenverdrängung, Judenverfolgung und Judendeportation auf dem Land unter den Bedingungen der nationalsozialistischen Herrschaft 1933 - 1945 /." Frankfurt am Main [u.a.] : Lang, 2003. http://www.gbv.de/dms/bs/toc/385616481.pdf.

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Hébert, Valerie. "Kurt Gerstein's actions and intentions in light of three post-war legal proceedings." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29398.

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Kurt Gerstein entered the Waffen-SS in 1941 with the intention of working against the Nazi regime from the inside. Despite being required to participate in some of the criminal activities of the SS, Gerstein believed he could be most effective for the resistance if he remained in the SS. This thesis examines the evidence presented in and the results of three separate legal proceedings (a criminal trial, a Denazification hearing and a rehabilitation and compensation case) which took place in the 24 years following Gerstein's death in 1945. Each of the three proceedings was brought about for a different legal purpose, and therefore involved different laws and standards for judgment. However, all of the proceedings dealt with the problem of balancing the incriminating nature of Gerstein's means of resistance against what he had hoped to accomplish, or did accomplish, from that position.
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Jones, Gareth David. "Rites of recuperation : film and the Holocaust in Germany and the Balkans." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.609628.

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Beegle, Melissa. "Rafael Seligmann and the German-Jewish Negative Symbiosis in Post-Shoah Germany: Breaking the Silence." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1181192526.

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Books on the topic "Jewish (1939-1945) Germany Berlin"

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Fischer, Erica. Aimée & Jaguar: Eine Frauenliebe Berlin 1943. Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 1994.

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Fischer, Erica. Aimée & Jaguar: A love story, Berlin 1943. London: Bloomsbury, 1995.

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Fischer, Erica. Aimée & Jaguar: A love story, Berlin 1943. Los Angeles, Calif: Alyson Books, 1998.

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Fischer, Erica. Aimée & Jaguar: A love story, Berlin 1943. New York: HarperCollins Publishers, 1995.

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Fischer, Erica. Aimée ve Jaguar: Bir ask hikâyesi, Berlin 1943. Istanbul: Gendas A.S., 1998.

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Karsten, Borgmann, Löhken Wilfried, and Vathke Werner, eds. Juden im Widerstand: Drei Gruppen zwischen Überlebenskampf und politischer Aktion, Berlin, 1939-1945. Berlin: Hentrich, 1993.

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Jurgen, Hohmuth, ed. Denkmal für dir ermordeten Juden Europas, Berlin =: Memorial to the murdered Jews in Europe, Berlin. München: Prestel, 2005.

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Guttmann, Gerhard. Jüdische Lehrer in Berlin nach 1945. Berlin: G. Guttmann, 1994.

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The new Berlin: Memory, politics, place. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2005.

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1952-, Meyer Beate, Simon Hermann 1949-, Schütz Chana C, and Stiftung "Neue Synagoge Berlin-Centrum Judaicum"., eds. Jews in Nazi Berlin: From Kristallnacht to liberation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2009.

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Book chapters on the topic "Jewish (1939-1945) Germany Berlin"

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Frühauf, Tina. "In the Midst of Rubble." In Transcending Dystopia, 17–38. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532973.003.0002.

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The reestablishment of the Jewish community of Berlin, the largest in prewar and postwar Germany, is examined across the city’s four sectors, focusing on the role music played in religious service, social life, and concert. Between 1945 and 1949, musical practices adhered to prewar models that largely relied on cantors, organists, and singers who had been active in the community before 1945, among them Leo Gollanin and Arthur Zepke. At times, the cultural interests and outlets of the community intersected with that of the Displaced Persons and the occupying forces, such as in charity concerts.
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Ioffe, Dennis. "Fassbinder’s Nabokov—From Text to Action:Repressed Homosexuality, Provocative Jewishness, and Anti-German Sentiment." In Border Crossing. Edinburgh University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474411424.003.0010.

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This chapter analyzes Werner Fassbinder’s 1978 film of Vladimir Nabokov’s 1936 novel Despair. In light of Nabokov’s own border crossing as a Russian immigrant in Berlin, Fassbinder draws out the implications of the German setting in the writer’s time. The chapter argues that by focusing on the homosexual and Jewish themes of the novel in light of Fassbinder’s own homosexuality and experience as a citizen of a nation that had carried out the Holocaust just before his birth in 1945, the director creates a complex cultural map of sexuality, religious identity, and the mental illness that plagues the protagonist, Hermann. Fassbinder also develops Nabokov’s device of the double: in the film, Hermann, by murdering his stand-in Felix as a symbolic suicide, allows him to experience a rebirth through a new identity, away from Germany and his financial, marital, and social problems.
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Frühauf, Tina. "Out of the Depths." In Transcending Dystopia, 39–50. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197532973.003.0003.

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Upon its refoundation in 1945, the Jewish community in Munich, the second largest in occupied Germany, became a center for a new musical life that from the outset differed from the one prior to 1933. Eastern European cantors became active in the community and influenced its musical practices. However, Kurt Messerschmidt, one of the community’s central figures until his emigration in 1950, stemmed from Berlin. He not only served as cantor, but also devoted himself to causes that fostered tolerance and interfaith dialogue, motivated by his goal to combat anti-Semitism, still virulent at the time. He did so through interfaith concerts and unique musical collaborations.
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"3. A Jewish Muslim in Nazi Berlin, 1933– 1939." In German, Jew, Muslim, Gay, 89–116. Columbia University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.7312/baer19670-005.

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Shapiro, Marc B. "The Nazi Era (1933–1945)." In Between the Yeshiva World and Modern Orthodoxy, 135–71. Liverpool University Press, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781874774525.003.0006.

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This chapter discusses the challenges faced by Rabbi Jehiel Jacob Weinberg and the rest of the German Jewry during the Nazi regime. Aside from the political challenges in Nazi Germany, there were many pressing religious issues brought on by the policies of the regime. It was in this area that Weinberg assumed a prominent role. The chapter thus embarks on a few of the halakhic issues with which he had to deal, to illustrate the difficult circumstances in which Orthodox Jews found themselves. Despite these challenges, however, the chapter also shows that Weinberg and the Berlin Rabbinical Seminary experienced a rather productive period, as the seminary became the focus of German Jews' social, cultural, and intellectual engagement — and all this was accomplished without government interference. The chapter also describes the decline of the Torah im Derekh Eretz ideal among the younger generations, despite Weinberg's attempts to defend it. To conclude, the chapter closes with the events of the Kristallnacht and the closure of the seminary despite Weinberg's persistently optimistic views regarding the Nazis' treatment of the Jews.
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Meyer, Beate. "Chapter Six Between Self-Assertion and Forced Collllaboration The Reich Association of Jews in Germany, 1939–1945." In Jewish Life in Nazi Germany, 149–69. Berghahn Books, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/9781845459796-010.

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Steinke, Ronen. "Going Underground." In Anna and Dr Helmy, 49–58. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192893369.003.0007.

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Abstract:
This chapter begins with Dr. Mohamed Helmy’s return to Anna’s home in 1942, six years after his first visit to see her grandmother. It describes the half-empty rooms of the apartment as dingy and bleak and there was little left of the Wilhelminian interior. It also mentions how the German state has granted Dr. Helmy a practice of his own in the Charlottenburg district, with no personal risk involved two years after his arrest by the Gestapo at the beginning of the war in fall 1939. The chapter details the deportation of Berlin’s Jews that begun on 18 October 1941. It talks about how Dr. Helmy convinced Anna’s grandmother to escape and hide after she received a letter to report to the Moabit synagogue, where the ‘Reich Association of Jews in Germany’ had been ordered to set up a camp for several hundred people.
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