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Journal articles on the topic 'Jet exhaust plumes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 1 February 2022

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1

Salemann, V., and J. M. Williams. "A New Method of Modeling Underexpanded Exhaust Plumes for Wind Tunnel Aerodynamic Testing." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 111, no. 4 (1989): 748–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3240322.

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A new method for modeling hot underexpanded exhaust plumes with cold model scale plumes in aerodynamic wind tunnel testing has been developed. The method is applicable to aeropropulsion testing where significant interaction between the exhaust and the free stream and aftbody may be present. The technique scales the model and nozzle external geometry, including the nozzle exit area, matches the model jet to free-stream dynamic pressure ratio to full-scale jet to free-stream dynamic pressure ratio, and matches the model thrust coefficient to full-scale thrust coefficient. The technique does not

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2

Kärcher, B., and P. Fabian. "Dynamics of aircraft exhaust plumes in the jet-regime." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10/11 (1994): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0911-9.

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Abstract. A computational model describing the two-dimensional, turbulent mixing of a single jet of exhaust gas from aircraft engines with the ambient atmosphere is presented. The underlying assumptions and governing equations are examined and supplemented by a discussion of analytical solutions. As an application, the jet dynamics of a B747-400 aircraft engine in cruise and its dependence on key parameters is investigated in detail. The computer code for this dynamical model is computationally fast and can easily be coupled to complex chemical and microphysical models in order to perform comp

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3

Kärcher, B., and P. Fabian. "Dynamics of aircraft exhaust plumes in the jet-regime." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10 (1994): 911. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005850050114.

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4

Dix, J., A. J. Saddington, K. Knowles, and M. A. Richardson. "Infra-red signature reduction study on a small-scale jet engine." Aeronautical Journal 109, no. 1092 (2005): 83–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000000580.

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Abstract This paper presents infra-red signature data for a small-scale, low pressure ratio turbojet engine typical of that used in unmanned air vehicle applications. The aim of the study was to test a number of different convergent nozzle designs concentrating on those with trailing edge modifications. The engine used in the tests has a single stage centrifugal compressor and radial inflow turbine and is designed to produce approximately 150N of thrust at 103,500rpm using liquid propane fuel. The test rig consisted of a calibrated thrust stand whilst the engine was controlled through an elect

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5

Nasuti, F., R. Niccoli, and M. Onofri. "A Numerical Methodology to Predict Exhaust Plumes of Propulsion Nozzles." Journal of Fluids Engineering 120, no. 3 (1998): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2820699.

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A simple methodology to simulate the mixing layers that occur between nozzle exhaust jet and the external air is proposed. The method is based on a simplified model of the plume, that replaces the mixing layer with a contact discontinuity surface, thus avoiding the cumbersome calculation of the turbulent mixing of two flows with different chemical composition. The contact discontinuity is numerically treated by an advanced fitting technique, capable of tracking the discontinuity by points floating over the computational grid. The numerical method is discussed and its capability is demonstrated

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6

Kärcher, B., and D. W. Fahey. "The role of sulfur emission in volatile particle formation in jet aircraft exhaust plumes." Geophysical Research Letters 24, no. 4 (1997): 389–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/97gl00119.

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7

Gao, R. S., B. Kärcher, E. R. Keim, and D. W. Fahey. "Constraining the heterogeneous loss of O3on soot particles with observations in jet engine exhaust plumes." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 17 (1998): 3323–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl02505.

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8

Kärcher, B. "On the potential importance of sulfur-induced activation of soot particles in nascent jet aircraft exhaust plumes." Atmospheric Research 46, no. 3-4 (1998): 293–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-8095(97)00070-7.

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9

Fisher, Edward M. D., Thomas Benoy, Gordon Humphries, et al. "A Custom, High-Channel Count Data Acquisition System for Chemical Species Tomography of Aero-Jet Engine Exhaust Plumes." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 69, no. 2 (2020): 549–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2019.2895932.

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10

Takegawa, Nobuyuki, Yoshiko Murashima, Akihiro Fushimi, et al. "Characteristics of sub-10 nm particle emissions from in-use commercial aircraft observed at Narita International Airport." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 21, no. 2 (2021): 1085–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-1085-2021.

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Abstract. The characterization of ultrafine particle emissions from jet aircraft equipped with turbofan engines, which are commonly used in civil aviation, is an important issue in the assessment of the impacts of aviation on climate and human health. We conducted field observations of aerosols and carbon dioxide (CO2) near a runway at Narita International Airport, Japan, in February 2018. We used an ultrafine condensation particle counter (UCPC) and a condensation particle counter (CPC) with unheated and 350 ∘C heated operation modes to investigate the contributions of sub-10 nm size ranges t

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11

Kiendler, A., S. Aberle, and F. Arnold. "Positive ion chemistry in the exhaust plumes of an air craft jet engine and a burner: investigations with a quadrupole ion trap mass spectrometer." Atmospheric Environment 34, no. 28 (2000): 4787–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1352-2310(00)00253-3.

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12

Chan, Tat Leung, Kun Zhou, and Jian Zhong Lin. "MODELING STUDY OF GAS-TO-NANOPARTICLE CONVERSION FROM A VEHICULAR EXHAUST JET PLUME(Jet and Plume)." Proceedings of the International Conference on Jets, Wakes and Separated Flows (ICJWSF) 2005 (2005): 405–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeicjwsf.2005.405.

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13

Wang, Yi, Lei Cao, Yanqiu Huang, and Yingxue Cao. "Lateral ventilation performance for removal of pulsating buoyant jet under the influence of high-temperature plume." Indoor and Built Environment 29, no. 4 (2019): 543–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1420326x19886639.

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Lateral exhaust systems have commonly been applied to capture polluted buoyant jets in many industrial processes, such as casting and metallurgy. Compared with the normal conditions of design manuals, the capture efficiency of a lateral exhaust hood (LEH) is often weakened by two factors in actual processes: the unsteady buoyant jet released from the operating surface, and the plume formed above a high-temperature workpiece placed between the LEH and the operating surface. In this study, through experiments and numerical simulations, a pulsatile phenomenon was found in the velocity and concent

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14

NISHI, Akira. "Dispersion Process of Jet Engine Exhaust Plume : 2nd Report, Buoyant Jet." Bulletin of JSME 28, no. 244 (1985): 2360–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsme1958.28.2360.

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15

Nelson, H. F., and E. O. Tucker. "Boron slurry-fueled jet engine exhaust plume infrared signatures." Journal of Spacecraft and Rockets 23, no. 5 (1986): 527–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/3.25840.

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16

Beier, K., and F. Schreier. "Modeling of aircraft exhaust emissions and infrared spectra for remote measurement of nitrogen oxides." Annales Geophysicae 12, no. 10/11 (1994): 920–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0920-8.

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Abstract. Infrared (IR) molecular spectroscopy is proposed to perform remote measurements of NOx concentrations in the exhaust plume and wake of aircraft. The computer model NIRATAM is applied to simulate the physical and chemical properties of the exhaust plume and to generate low resolution IR spectra and synthetical thermal images of the aircraft in its natural surroundings. High-resolution IR spectra of the plume, including atmospheric absorption and emission, are simulated using the molecular line-by-line radiation model FASCODE2. Simulated IR spectra of a Boeing 747-400 at cruising altit

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17

Garnier, F., S. Brunet, and L. Jacquin. "Modelling exhaust plume mixing in the near field of an aircraft." Annales Geophysicae 15, no. 11 (1997): 1468–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-997-1468-1.

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Abstract. A simplified approach has been applied to analyse the mixing and entrainment processes of the engine exhaust through their interaction with the vortex wake of an aircraft. Our investigation is focused on the near field, extending from the exit nozzle until about 30 s after the wake is generated, in the vortex phase. This study was performed by using an integral model and a numerical simulation for two large civil aircraft: a two-engine Airbus 330 and a four-engine Boeing 747. The influence of the wing-tip vortices on the dilution ratio (defined as a tracer concentration) shown. The m

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18

Ma, Song, Jianguo Tan, Xiankai Li, and Jiang Hao. "The effect analysis of an engine jet on an aircraft blast deflector." Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control 41, no. 4 (2018): 990–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0142331218755892.

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This paper establishes a novel mathematical model for computing the plume flow field of a carrier-based aircraft engine. Its objective is to study the impact of jet exhaust gases with high temperature, high speed and high pressure on the jet blast deflector. The working condition of the nozzle of a fully powered on engine is first determined. The flow field of the exhaust jet is then numerically simulated at different deflection angle using the three-dimensional Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes equations and the standard [Formula: see text]-[Formula: see text] turbulence method. Moreover, infra

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19

NISHI, Akira. "Dispersion process of jet engine exhaust plume. 2nd report Buoyant effect of heated jet." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 51, no. 462 (1985): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.51.716.

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20

Hromisin, Scott M., Russell W. Powers, and Leighton M. Myers. "Unsteady velocity measurements of model-scale supersonic exhaust jets in military-relevant configurations." International Journal of Aeroacoustics 17, no. 1-2 (2018): 184–215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475472x17743634.

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Of the utmost importance is the need to better understand the high temperature, high velocity flow fields generated by military tactical aircraft during “run up” and take-off that gives rise to extremely hazardous conditions for personnel and equipment within the vicinity of the aircraft. The present study aims to fill the need for high frequency, two velocity component measurements throughout the flow fields produced by university-scale supersonic jets exhausting from nozzles in configurations relevant to practical, full-scale application. Specifically, this work focuses on studying the super

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21

Hilton, M., A. H. Lettington, and C. W. Wilson. "Gas Turbine Exhaust Emissions Monitoring Using Nonintrusive Infrared Spectroscopy." Journal of Engineering for Gas Turbines and Power 120, no. 3 (1998): 514–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2818175.

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Infrared (IR) spectra of the exhaust emissions from a static gas turbine engine have been studied using Fourier Transform (FT) spectroscopic techniques. Passive detection of the infrared emission from remote (range ∼ 3 m) hot exhaust gases was obtained nonintrusively using a high spectral resolution (0.25 cm−1) FTIR spectrometer. Remote gas temperatures were determined from their emission spectra using the total radiant flux method or by analysis of rotational line structure. The HITRAN database of atmospheric species was used to model the emission from gas mixtures at the relevant temperature

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22

Castner, Raymond, Khairul Zaman, Amy Fagan, and Christopher Heath. "Wedge Shock and Nozzle Exhaust Plume Interaction in a Supersonic Jet Flow." Journal of Aircraft 54, no. 1 (2017): 125–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/1.c033623.

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23

Paulec, Mason, Michael Marciniak, Kevin Gross, and Benjamin Akers. "Tomographic reconstruction of a jet engine exhaust plume using an infrared hyperspectral imager." Optical Engineering 57, no. 10 (2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/1.oe.57.10.103103.

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24

Hagen, D. E., P. D. Whitefield, and H. Schlager. "Particulate emissions in the exhaust plume from commercial jet aircraft under cruise conditions." Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres 101, no. D14 (1996): 19551–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95jd03276.

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25

Hu, Jichao, Juntao Chang, and Wen Bao. "Ignition and Flame Stabilization of a Strut-Jet RBCC Combustor with Small Rocket Exhaust." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/675498.

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A Rocket Based Combined Cycle combustor model is tested at a ground direct connected rig to investigate the flame holding characteristics with a small rocket exhaust using liquid kerosene. The total temperature and the Mach number of the vitiated air flow, at exit of the nozzle are 1505 K and 2.6, respectively. The rocket base is embedded in a fuel injecting strut and mounted in the center of the combustor. The wall of the combustor is flush, without any reward step or cavity, so the strut-jet is used to make sure of the flame stabilization of the second combustion. Mass flow rate of the keros

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26

Arnold, F., J. Curtius, B. Sierau, V. Bürger, R. Busen, and U. Schumann. "Detection of massive negative chemiions in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight." Geophysical Research Letters 26, no. 11 (1999): 1577–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/1999gl900304.

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27

Curtius, J., B. Sierau, F. Arnold, et al. "First direct sulfuric acid detection in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 6 (1998): 923–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl00512.

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28

Xiao-lin, Sun, Wang Zhan-xue, Zhou Li, Shi Jing-wei, and Cheng Wen. "Internal flow and external jet characteristics of double serpentine nozzle with different aspect ratio." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 233, no. 2 (2017): 545–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954410017737326.

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In order to increase the survivability of the fighter aircraft, the serpentine nozzle has been applied in series of stealth bombers and unmanned aerial vehicles due to its excellent potentiality of evidently suppressing the infrared radiation signatures and radar cross section emitted by engine exhausts. Among the geometric parameters of the serpentine nozzle, the aspect ratio (AR) at the nozzle exit is one of the most critical parameters for the nozzle design as the infrared suppression effect could be greatly enhanced with the increment of AR by strengthening the mixing between the exhaust p

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29

Lewellen, David C. "A Large-Eddy Simulation Study of Contrail Ice Number Formation." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 77, no. 7 (2020): 2585–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-19-0322.1.

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AbstractIce crystal number is a critical ingredient in the potential climate impact of persistent contrails and contrail-induced cirrus. We perform an extensive set of large-eddy simulations (LES) of ice nucleation and growth within aircraft exhaust jets with an emphasis on assessing the importance of detailed plume mixing on the effective ice-number emission index (EIiceno) produced for different conditions. Parameter variations considered include ambient temperature, pressure, and humidity; initial aerosol origin (exhaust or ambient), number, and properties; and aircraft engine size. The LES

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30

Raman, G., and A. B. Cain. "Innovative actuators for active flow and noise control." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part G: Journal of Aerospace Engineering 216, no. 6 (2002): 303–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/095441002321029044.

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Active flow control (AFC) has the potential to improve the efficiency of systems that involve both internal and external fluid flow. The primary driver in AFC is the expectation that the control will result in significant performance benefits at the system level with all trade-offs factored in. Successful application to aircraft systems can produce lighter, stealthier, agile aircraft with increased range, payload and a muffled acoustic signature. The design of an AFC system requires knowledge of flow phenomena and the selection of appropriate actuators, sensors and a control algorithm. The pre

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31

Wong, H. W., A. J. Beyersdorf, C. M. Heath, et al. "Laboratory and modeling studies on the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on the formation of contrail ice particles in the jet regime." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, no. 9 (2011): 26791–813. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-26791-2011.

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Abstract. Contrails and contrail-induced cirrus clouds are identified as the most uncertain components in determining aviation impacts on global climate change. Parameters affecting contrail ice particle formation immediately after engine exit plane (<5 s in plume age) may be critical to ice particle properties used in large scale models predicting contrail radiative forcing. Despite this, detailed understanding of these parametric effects is still limited. In this paper, we present results from recent laboratory and modeling studies conducted to investigate the effects of water and soot em

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32

Hasan, R. G. M., J. J. McGuirk, D. D. Apsley, and M. A. Leschziner. "A turbulence model study of separated 3D jet/afterbody flow." Aeronautical Journal 108, no. 1079 (2004): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0001924000004942.

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Three-dimensional RANS calculations and comparisons with experimental data are presented for subsonic and transonic flow past a non-axisymmetric (rectangular) nozzle/afterbody typical of those found in fast-jet aircraft. The full details of the geometry have been modelled, and the flow domain includes the internal nozzle flow and the jet exhaust plume. The calculations relate to two free-stream Mach numbers of 0-6 and 0-94 and have been performed during the course of a collaborative research programme involving a number of UK universities and industrial organisations. The close interaction bet

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33

Arnold, F., K. H. Wohlfrom, M. W. Klemm, et al. "First gaseous ion composition measurements in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight: Implications for gaseous sulfuric acid, aerosols, and chemiions." Geophysical Research Letters 25, no. 12 (1998): 2137–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/98gl01579.

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34

Chae, J. H., J. H. Lee, J. W. Lee, et al. "COMPUTATIONAL ANALYSIS OF EFFECTS OF THERMAL FLOW FIELD AND CHEMICAL COMPONENTS ON THE IR SIGNATURE IN THE EXHAUST PLUME OF A MICRO JET ENGINE." Journal of Computational Fluids Engineering 24, no. 3 (2019): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.6112/kscfe.2019.24.3.101.

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35

Wong, H. W., A. J. Beyersdorf, C. M. Heath, et al. "Laboratory and modeling studies on the effects of water and soot emissions and ambient conditions on the properties of contrail ice particles in the jet regime." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 13, no. 19 (2013): 10049–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-13-10049-2013.

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Abstract. Contrails and contrail-induced cirrus clouds are identified as the most uncertain components in determining aviation impacts on global climate change. Parameters affecting contrail ice particle formation immediately after the engine exit plane (< 5 s in plume age) may be critical to ice particle properties used in large-scale models predicting contrail radiative forcing. Despite this, detailed understanding of these parametric effects is still limited. In this paper, we present results from recent laboratory and modeling studies conducted to investigate the effects of water and so

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36

"CFD Prediction of the Trajectory of Hot Exhaust from the Funnel of a Naval Ship in the Presence of Ship Superstructure." International Journal of Maritime Engineering 156, A1 (2014). http://dx.doi.org/10.3940/rina.ijme.2014.a1.269.

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The superstructure of a modern naval ship is fitted with multitude of sensors for electronic surveillance, weapon discharge, navigation, communication and varieties of deck handling equipment. Locating these electronic equipment/sensors and its integration on board is of paramount importance to achieve optimal operational performance of the naval vessel. Among the many problems in locating these sensors (like stability, EMC EMI etc.,), the presence of entrapped hot gases from the ship exhaust affects the functioning of these electronics. Hence the prediction of temperature profile and trajecto

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37

Yin, Z. Q., J. Z. Lin, K. Zhou, and T. L. Chan. "Numerical Simulation of the Formation of Pollutant Nanoparticles in the Exhaust Twin-jet Plume of A Moving Car." International Journal of Nonlinear Sciences and Numerical Simulation 8, no. 4 (2007). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijnsns.2007.8.4.535.

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38

Curtius, J. "Sulfuric acid measurements in the exhaust plume of a jet aircraft in flight: Implications for the sulfuric acid formation efficiency." Geophysical Research Letters 29, no. 7 (2002). http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001gl013813.

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39

Cantin, Sébastien, Mohamed Chouak, François Morency, and François Garnier. "Eulerian–Lagrangian CFD-microphysics modeling of a near-field contrail from a realistic turbofan." International Journal of Engine Research, February 19, 2021, 146808742199396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468087421993961.

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Aircraft contrails contribute to climate change through global radiative forcing. As part of the general effort aimed at developing reliable decision-making tools, this paper demonstrates the feasibility of implementing a Lagrangian ice microphysical module in a commercial CFD code to characterize the early development of near-field contrails. While engine jets are highly parameterized in most existing models in a way that neglects the nozzle exit-related aspects, our model accounts for the geometric complexity of modern turbofan exhausts. The modeling strategy is based on three-dimensional UR

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40

DeBonis, James R. "RANS Analyses of Turbofan Nozzles With Internal Wedge Deflectors for Noise Reduction." Journal of Fluids Engineering 131, no. 4 (2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3089536.

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Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) was used to evaluate the flow field and thrust performance of a promising concept for reducing the noise at take-off of dual-stream turbofan nozzles. The concept, offset stream technology, reduces the jet noise observed on the ground by diverting (offsetting) a portion of the fan flow below the core flow, thickening and lengthening this layer between the high-velocity core flow and the ground observers. In this study a wedge placed in the internal fan stream is used as the diverter. Wind, a Reynolds averaged Navier–Stokes (RANS) code, was used to analyze the

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41

Herndon, J. Marvin, and Mark Whiteside. "Geophysical Consequences of Tropospheric Particulate Heating: Further Evidence that Anthropogenic Global Warming is Principally Caused by Particulate Pollution." Journal of Geography, Environment and Earth Science International, August 19, 2019, 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jgeesi/2019/v22i430157.

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The climate science community and the United Nations’ Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change have misinformed world governments by failing to acknowledge tropospheric particulate geoengineering that has been ongoing with ever-increasing duration and intensity for decades, and by treating global warming solely as a radiation-balance issue, which has resulted in a seriously incomplete understanding of the fundamental factors that affect Earth’s surface temperature. Here we review the consequences of tropospheric particulate heating by absorption of short- and long-wave solar radiation and lon

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