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Navajas-Romero, Virginia, Lorena Caridad y López del Río, and Nuria Ceular-Villamandos. "Analysis of Wellbeing in Nongovernmental Organizations’ Workplace in a Developed Area Context." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 16 (August 11, 2020): 5818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17165818.
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An extremely useful theoretical approach to understanding the nature of work, health, and wellbeing is the job demand–control (JDC) model and the job demand–control–support (JDCS) model. In order for professional workers in the nongovernmental organization (NGO) sector to do their job, it is necessary for them to have a feeling of wellbeing. Despite this, in Europe, studies regarding the effects of the JDCS model in relation to workers’ wellbeing have not been carried out. This study is expected to fill this important gap in research by analyzing the relationship of wellbeing with work demands, work control, and social support. In order to corroborate the proposed hypotheses, an analysis of these constructs in employees in European nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) was developed and, using structural equation models, these relationships were tested. The results confirm the main hypothesis of the job demand–control–support (JDCS) model and the causal relationship among physical and psychological demands, work control, and support from supervisors and colleagues with the level of employee wellbeing.
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Finstad, Georgia Libera, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Gabriele Giorgi, Luigi Isaia Lecca, Giulio Arcangeli, and Nicola Mucci. "The JDCS Model and Blue-Collar Bullying: Decent Working Conditions for a Healthy Environment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 18 (September 14, 2019): 3411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183411.
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Violence in the workplace and its health consequences still represent one of the main obstacles to obtaining decent working conditions. In particular, blue-collar workers run a greater risk of experiencing episodes of violence, also because of a lack of autonomy and fewer social interactions. According to the work environment hypothesis, factors such as high workload, lack of social support and lack of job control represent the antecedents of workplace bullying. Following the job demand-control-support model (JDCS), violence can be the symptom of a high-strain environment. Moreover, it is still unclear if workplace bullying can mediate the effects of work-related stress on workers’ health outcomes. The aim of the present study is to analyse the relationship between the components of the JDCS and the health of the workers considering workplace bullying as a mediating variable. By a cross sectional study design, we tested the following theoretical hypotheses: first, JDCS components (conceptualized as stress) are supposed to significantly predict the level of workers’ health. Second, workplace bullying is supposed to mediate the relationship between the JDCS components and the level of health. The sample consists of 400 blue-collars from three different Italian companies. Work-related stress, health outcomes and workplace bullying were measured by specific self-administered questionnaires and the relationships between the variables of interest were tested through a structural equation model (SEM) analysis. The results showed that while the direct relationship between the components of the JDCS and the level of psychological health is weaker (standardized path coefficients SPC = 0.21), the partial mediation hypothesis shows that workplace bullying mediate the relationship between JDCS components and health outcomes (χ2/df ratio = 2.70; path from stress to workplace bullying SPC = 0.78; path from workplace bullying to general health SPC = 0.51; p = 0.01). The JDCS components (workload, lack of control, lack of support) are useful predictors for workplace bullying. On the other hand, bullying plays a mediating role between the stress experienced and the health consequences. The present study adds new insights into the relationship between violence seen as a form of social behavioural strain and the psychological health of workers. The theoretical and practical implications are discussed. Future research on blue-collars could use longitudinal designs in order to analyse the relationship between social environment, job design and strain reactions.
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Portoghese, Igor, Maura Galletta, Michael P. Leiter, Gabriele Finco, Ernesto d’Aloja, and Marcello Campagna. "Job Demand-Control-Support Latent Profiles and Their Relationships with Interpersonal Stressors, Job Burnout, and Intrinsic Work Motivation." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 9430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17249430.
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In the Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model, the combination of job demands, job control, and social support was hypothesized to lead to eight different constellations of job types. According to the model, these constellations are linked to wellbeing/health and learning outcomes. In the last three decades, these constellations of job types have been investigated by adopting a variable-centered perspective. However, latent profile analyses (LPA) enable a person-centered approach and empirically capture constellations of job types. In the present study, we used LPA to empirically identify distinct profiles of JDCS among Italian healthcare workers. Furthermore, we investigated the role of social stressors (workplace relationships and coworkers’ incivility) as antecedents of these profiles and the association of these profiles with job burnout and work motivation. Results from LPA (n = 1671) revealed four profiles: Isolated Prisoner, Participatory Leader, Moderate Strain, and Low Strain. Negative relationships at work and coworkers’ incivility increased the chances of being included in both Isolated prisoner and Participatory Leader profiles. Finally, the Isolated Prisoner and Moderate Strain profiles showed the highest levels of emotional exhaustion and cynicism and the lower levels of intrinsic work motivation. This study extends previous JDCS research, highlighting that researchers should consider empirically identified profiles rather than theoretically defined subgroups. Implications for stress theory, future research, and practice are discussed.
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Goodboy, Alan K., Matthew M. Martin, Jennifer M. Knight, and Zachary Long. "Creating the Boiler Room Environment." Communication Research 44, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 244–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093650215614365.
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The purpose of this study was to explain workplace bullying as a symptom of high-strain employment. The Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) model of work design was used to frame this study and examine workplace bullying antecedents and consequences. Full-time American employees ( N = 314) working in various organizations completed a questionnaire about their bullying experiences, working environments, and occupational outcomes. Results revealed that workplace bullying was correlated with expected negative outcomes at work (i.e., job dissatisfaction, job stress, anxiety). In line with JDCS model predictions, employees who worked at organizations characterized by high psychological demands, low control, and low supervisor social support (i.e., an additive model) reported more workplace bullying (supporting an iso-strain hypothesis). Results of a moderated moderation analysis revealed a significant three-way interaction between demands, control, and support (supporting a buffering hypothesis); under workplace conditions characterized by low supervisor social support, employee control over how work was completed buffered the negative effect of job demands on workplace bullying. Supervisors, then, should consider how promoting employee autonomy and communicating social support to employees might nullify workplace conditions that encourage bullying, especially when work is particularly demanding.
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Napier, J., and M. Clinch. "Job strain and retirement decisions in UK general practice." Occupational Medicine 69, no. 5 (June 17, 2019): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqz075.
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Abstract Background Falling retention in UK general practice is a well-described problem but there has been little previous research into its underlying causes. Poor psychosocial work conditions may help explain falling workforce morale and early retirement from the profession. Aims To explore the impact upon morale and retirement decisions of changes in psychosocial aspects of UK general practice over the course of a career. Methods Biographical narrative interviewing method (BNIM) was used to obtain and analyse career narratives of 12 London general practitioners (GPs), aged 55–65, half of whom had retired. Findings were theorized using the Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model. Results A spontaneous, consistent theme was evident across all 12 interviews: changes in the psychosocial work environment had contributed to a steady decline in morale. Sequential, multilayered reductions in autonomy were the most commonly cited causes for reduced enthusiasm. Increasing demands in the form of both a rising workload as well as a complaints culture drained energy and morale. The GPs described increasingly fragmented teams and therefore reduced social support for the role. Nonetheless, retirement decisions were not straightforward, provoking complex emotions. Conclusions The combination of increasing demands with reduced autonomy puts practitioners under intense strain, diminishing the satisfaction they derive from their work and affecting retirement decisions. The Job Demands-Control-Support (JDCS) model is an empirically tested model that could be used to inform improved work design in general practice.
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van der Meij, Leander, Nikkie Gubbels, Jaap Schaveling, Mercedes Almela, and Mark van Vugt. "Hair cortisol and work stress: Importance of workload and stress model (JDCS or ERI)." Psychoneuroendocrinology 89 (March 2018): 78–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.12.020.
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Brunborg, Geir Scott. "Core Self-Evaluations." European Psychologist 13, no. 2 (January 2008): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1016-9040.13.2.96.
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Core self-evaluations (CSE), a personality construct underlying self-esteem, locus of control, generalized self-efficacy, and neuroticism, has previously been found to relate strongly to job satisfaction. While previous research has shown relationships between personality traits and various adverse psychosocial job outcomes, no published studies have looked at the relationship between CSE and job stress. A study was conducted to test the effects of job demands, job control, and social support, as hypothesized in the job demand control support (JDCS) model, and the effect of CSE on job stress. Two hundred and twelve employees from 12 work places in southern Norway filled in a questionnaire consisting measures of job demands, job control, social support, CSE, and job stress. Initially, the results from hierarchical multiple regression analysis showed significant main effects of demands and control on job stress. However, when social support was included in the analysis, control was no longer significant. In addition, ANOVA showed that the two-way job demands × job control interaction effect, and the three way job demands × job control × social support interaction effect, as predicted by the JDCS model, were nonsignificant. The results showed a strong positive main effect of CSE on perceived job stress, and that CSE accounted for a large proportion of the variance in job stress. This is in accordance with studies that have shown relationships between other personality measures and job stress. The present study confirms the relevance of CSE for further research on links between personality and job stress.
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Del Pozo-Antúnez, José, Antonio Ariza-Montes, Francisco Fernández-Navarro, and Horacio Molina-Sánchez. "Effect of a Job Demand-Control-Social Support Model on Accounting Professionals’ Health Perception." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, no. 11 (November 1, 2018): 2437. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112437.
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The Job Demand-Control and Job Demand-Control-Support (JDCS) models constitute the theoretical approaches used to analyze the relationship between the characteristics of labor and occupational health. Few studies have investigated the main effects and multiplicative model in relation to the perceived occupational health of professional accountants. Accountants are subject to various types of pressure in performing their work; this pressure influences their health and, ultimately, their ability to perform a job well. The objective of this study is to investigate the effects of job demands on the occupational health of 739 accountants, as well as the role of the moderator that internal resources (locus of control) and external resources (social support) have in occupational health. The proposed hypotheses are tested by applying different models of neural networks using the algorithm of the Extreme Learning Machine. The results confirm the relationship between certain stress factors that affect the health of the accountants, as well as the direct effect that the recognition of superiors in occupational health has. Additionally, the results highlight the moderating effect of professional development and the support of superiors on the job’s demands.
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Lin, Jo-Hui, Jehn-Yih Wong, and Ching-hua Ho. "The role of work-to-leisure conflict in promoting frontline employees’ leisure satisfaction." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 27, no. 7 (October 12, 2015): 1539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-03-2014-0155.
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Purpose – This paper aims to examine a mediating model of work-to-leisure conflict (WLC) based on the job demand-control-support model (JDCS model) and conflict roles of work and non-work life. This model proposes that work loading, time-off autonomy and support from supervisors and co-workers are related to WLC and leisure satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach – A sample of 457 frontline employees drawn from within the hospitality and tourism industry completed a study questionnaire. All hypothesized relationships were estimated using structural equation modeling. Findings – Results support a theoretical model in which WLC works as a partial mediator between job stress variables and leisure satisfaction. Findings suggest that low workload and flexible time-off contribute to alleviating WLC and facilitating leisure satisfaction and with the addition of high co-worker support, directly benefit employee leisure satisfaction. Practical implications – Management implications related to job design and work-related social support are discussed. Originality/value – The current study contributes to the existing knowledge base by testing WLC as a partial mediator between work loading–leisure satisfaction and time-off autonomy–leisure satisfaction relationships. These findings help human resource management managers broaden their understanding of the role of WLC in balancing frontline employees’ life in work and non-work domains.
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Jessiman-Perreault, Geneviève, Peter M. Smith, and Monique A. M. Gignac. "Why Are Workplace Social Support Programs Not Improving the Mental Health of Canadian Correctional Officers? An Examination of the Theoretical Concepts Underpinning Support." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 2665. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052665.
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In Canada, public safety personnel, including correctional officers, experience high rates of mental health problems. Correctional officers’ occupational stress has been characterized as insidious and chronic due to multiple and unpredictable occupational risk factors such as violence, unsupportive colleagues and management, poor prison conditions, and shift work. Given the increased risk of adverse mental health outcomes associated with operational stressors, organizational programs have been developed to provide correctional officers with support to promote mental well-being and to provide mental health interventions that incorporate recovery and reduction in relapse risk. This paper uses two theories, the Job Demand Control Support (JDCS) Model and Social Ecological Model (SEM), to explore why workplace social support programs may not been successful in terms of uptake or effectiveness among correctional officers in Canada. We suggest that structural policy changes implemented in the past 15 years have had unintentional impacts on working conditions that increase correctional officer workload and decrease tangible resources to deal with an increasingly complex prison population. Notably, we believe interpersonal support programs may only have limited success if implemented without addressing the multilevel factors creating conditions of job strain.
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Mäkikangas, Anne, Asko Tolvanen, Kaisa Aunola, Taru Feldt, Saija Mauno, and Ulla Kinnunen. "Multilevel Latent Profile Analysis With Covariates." Organizational Research Methods 21, no. 4 (February 22, 2018): 931–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1094428118760690.
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Latent profile analysis (LPA) is a person-centered method commonly used in organizational research to identify homogeneous subpopulations of employees within a heterogeneous population. However, in the case of nested data structures, such as employees nested in work departments, multilevel techniques are needed. Multilevel LPA (MLPA) enables adequate modeling of subpopulations in hierarchical data sets. MLPA enables investigation of variability in the proportions of Level 1 profiles across Level 2 units, and of Level 2 latent classes based on the proportions of Level 1 latent profiles and Level 1 ratings, and the extent to which covariates drawn from the different hierarchical levels of the data affect the probability of a membership of a particular profile. We demonstrate the use of MLPA by investigating job characteristics profiles based on the job-demand-control-support (JDCS) model using data from 1,958 university employees clustered in 78 work departments. The implications of the results for organizational research are discussed, together with several issues related to the potential of MLPA for wider application.
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Xiao, Qi, Samuel E. Sherman, Samantha E. Wilner, Xuhao Zhou, Cody Dazen, Tobias Baumgart, Ellen H. Reed, et al. "Janus dendrimersomes coassembled from fluorinated, hydrogenated, and hybrid Janus dendrimers as models for cell fusion and fission." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 34 (August 7, 2017): E7045—E7053. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1708380114.
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A three-component system of Janus dendrimers (JDs) including hydrogenated, fluorinated, and hybrid hydrogenated–fluorinated JDs are reported to coassemble by film hydration at specific ratios into an unprecedented class of supramolecular Janus particles (JPs) denoted Janus dendrimersomes (JDSs). They consist of a dumbbell-shaped structure composed of an onion-like hydrogenated vesicle and an onion-like fluorinated vesicle tethered together. The synthesis of dye-tagged analogs of each JD component enabled characterization of JDS architectures with confocal fluorescence microscopy. Additionally, a simple injection method was used to prepare submicron JDSs, which were imaged with cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). As reported previously, different ratios of the same three-component system yielded a variety of structures including homogenous onion-like vesicles, core-shell structures, and completely self-sorted hydrogenated and fluorinated vesicles. Taken together with the JDSs reported herein, a self-sorting pathway is revealed as a function of the relative concentration of the hybrid JD, which may serve to stabilize the interface between hydrogenated and fluorinated bilayers. The fission-like pathway suggests the possibility of fusion and fission processes in biological systems that do not require the assistance of proteins but instead may result from alterations in the ratios of membrane composition.
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Ceular-Villamandos, Nuria, Virginia Navajas-Romero, Lorena Caridad y López del Río, and Lucia Zita Zambrano-Santos. "Workplace Situation and Well-Being of Ecuadorian Self-Employed." Sustainability 13, no. 4 (February 9, 2021): 1892. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041892.
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Due to novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19), the labor market is going to undergo a profound restructuring. The creation of a new labor paradigm by all stakeholders is essential. This document contributes to the current political and social debates about self-employment, the need for economic growth, and how these labor measures, which are deeply institutionalized, need a change of attitude for an adequate job reconstruction in terms of welfare and sustainability. Currently, policy makers are proposing actions and policies because the new labor paradigm is being designed in the countries of Latin America. This research aims to analyze the JDCS model (Job Demand-Control-Support) and well-being in the self-employed in Ecuador. Unlike previous studies, this research takes a comprehensive approach by considering this theoretical model and the figure of the self-employed in terms of well-being. The logistic model, using cases of more than one thousand workers, generated estimated results that indicate the existence of a significant effect of physical and psychological demands at work on the balance between well-being and the management of angry clients; the speed of execution; and the complexity of the tasks. Regarding labor control, the ability to solve problems and make decisions for the company are detected as influencing factors; finally, social support is another factor influencing global well-being for the self-employed. These results show that with an effective management of the self-employed labor environment, it is possible to achieve an adequate level of workplace satisfaction.
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Györkös, Christina, Jurgen Becker, Koorosh Massoudi, Gideon P. de Bruin, and Jérôme Rossier. "The Impact of Personality and Culture on the Job Demands-Control Model of Job Stress." Swiss Journal of Psychology 71, no. 1 (January 2012): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000065.
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Among the various work stress models, one of the most popular has been the job demands-control (JDC) model developed by Karasek (1979 ), which postulates that work-related strain is highest under work conditions characterized by high demands and low autonomy. The absence of social support at work further increases negative outcomes. This model, however, does not apply equally to all individuals and to all cultures. This review demonstrates how various individual characteristics, especially some personality dimensions, influence the JDC model and could thus be considered buffering or moderator factors. Moreover, we review how the cultural context impacts this model as suggested by results obtained in European, American, and Asian contexts. Yet there are almost no data from Africa or South America. More crosscultural studies including populations from these continents would be valuable for a better understanding of the impact of the cultural context on the JDC model.
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Krause, Katiane Kazuza Gneipel, Marcelo Da Silva Hounsell, and Isabela Gasparini. "Um Modelo para Inter-relação entre Funções Executivas e Elementos de Jogos Digitais." Revista Brasileira de Informática na Educação 28 (October 11, 2020): 596–625. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/rbie.2020.28.0.596.
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As funções executivas (FEs) são um conjunto de habilidades cognitivas de alto nível, formadas pelo controle inibitório, memória de trabalho e flexibilidade cognitiva. Elas permitem que a pessoa desenvolva autodisciplina, controle e gerencie a atenção e o comportamento durante ações dirigidas a objetivos, por exemplo, durante a resolução de problemas cognitivos e dos desafios presentes em jogos digitais (JDs). Estes são delineados pelas mecânicas e estratégias de modelagem da dificuldade (level design). A partir dos resultados de uma revisão sistemática da literatura e um workshop, ambos sobre FEs e JDs, foi possível estabelecer uma relação entre mecânicas de JDs e FEs e estratégias de level design e FEs. Este artigo não somente identifica todos os tipos de mecânica e level design intimamente relacionados com as FEs, mas também apresenta uma inter-relação com os três componentes de FEs. O modelo IcJJ envolve a interação do jogador com o JD, mostrando atributos cognitivos de alto nível, através da relação entre 12 mecânicas de JDs, 8 estratégias de level design e três componentes de FEs. O modelo IcJJ pode servir de suporte para exploração e identificação do potencial cognitivo dos JDs, especialmente daqueles aplicados no contexto educacional ou como referencial para o desenvolvimento de JDs sérios, focados em FEs.
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Buys, M. A., C. Olckers, and P. Schaap. "The construct validity of the revised job diagnostic survey." South African Journal of Business Management 38, no. 2 (June 30, 2007): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajbm.v38i2.582.
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The Job Characteristics Model, the accompanying Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) and the proposed steps for improving motivation, satisfaction and performance have been functionally utilized in South Africa as a revised job redesign practice to address some critical human resources problems currently facing managers and human resources practitioners. The aim of the study was ] to determine the construct validity of the Revised Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) in the South African context. The Revised JDS was evaluated using item analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The finding of this study is in favour of the Revised JDS as a reliable and factorially valid instrument for South African use. The promising results of this study should pave the way for further research and the search for more conclusive evidence on the construct validity of the Revised JDS in the South African context.
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Luo Jiuru. "Model JDC1-1 precision conductivity ratio measurement system." IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering 10, no. 3 (July 1985): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/joe.1985.1145101.
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Balakrishnan-nair, Dhanush Krishna, Narayanan Divakaran Nair, Syam Kunnekkattu Venugopal, Vijayan Narayana Das, Sisilamma George, Mammen John Abraham, Saji Eassow, Malcolm Ronald Alison, Anoop Sainulabdeen, and Thapasimuthu Vijayamma Anilkumar. "An Immunopathological Evaluation of the Porcine Cholecyst Matrix as a Muscle Repair Graft in a Male Rat Abdominal Wall Defect Model." Toxicologic Pathology 46, no. 2 (January 15, 2018): 169–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0192623317752894.
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With the increasing use of animal-based biomaterials for regenerative medical applications, the need for their safety assessment is paramount. A porcine cholecyst-derived scaffold (CDS), intended as a muscle repair graft, prepared by a nondetergent/enzymatic method was engrafted in a rat abdominal wall defect model. Host tissue–scaffold interface samples were collected 2, 8, and 16 weeks postimplantation and evaluated by histopathology, immunohistochemistry, and electron microscopy. The nature of the tissue reaction was compared with those induced by a jejunum-derived scaffold (JDS) prepared by the same method and a commercial-grade small intestinal submucosa (CSIS) scaffold. A study of the immunopathological response in major lymphoid tissues and immunophenotyping for M1 and M2 macrophages was performed at the host tissue–scaffold interface. Further, “irritancy scores” for CDS and JDS were determined using CSIS as the reference material. Both CDS and JDS appeared to be potential biomaterials for muscle grafts, but the former stimulated a skeletal muscle tissue remodeling response predominated by M2 macrophages. The data support the notion that biomaterials with similar biocompatibility, based on local tissue response on implantation, may cause differential immunogenicity. Additionally, CDS compared to JDS and CSIS was found to be less immunotoxic.
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Wallace, Jean E. "Job Stress, Depression and Work-to-Family Conflict." Articles 60, no. 3 (January 26, 2006): 510–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/012157ar.
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In this paper, the Job Demand-Control (JDC) model is used to predict depression and work-to-family conflict for married lawyers working full-time. The objectives of this paper are: (1) to determine whether the JDC model applies to work-to-family conflict; (2) to incorporate domain-specific job demand and job control variables; and (3) to examine a wider array of different forms of social support. First, the JDC model also helps explain work-to-family conflict. Second, domain-specificity does not appear key to documenting the buffering effects for job control. Third, spouse’s support of one’s career has the strongest main effect on both depression and work-to-family conflict, whereas coworker support functions as a moderator of lawyers’ job demands and has both buffering and amplifying effects. This paper closes by discussing the possible conditions under which members of support systems may transfer or exacerbate stress effects rather than alleviate them.
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Steele, Nicole M., Bryan Rodgers, and Gerard J. Fogarty. "The Relationships of Experiencing Workplace Bullying with Mental Health, Affective Commitment, and Job Satisfaction: Application of the Job Demands Control Model." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 24, 2020): 2151. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17062151.
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There have been very few theoretical models published to understand the relationship between workplace bullying and different outcome variables. Applying the Job Demands Control (JDC) model, this study analyzed workplace bullying alongside ‘traditional’ job stressors of role overload and low job control to determine the relative associations of each with mental health and wellbeing. These relative associations have not been well documented. Data were obtained from an organizational climate questionnaire administered to 21 Australian Defence Force units (n = 3193). Results indicated that the correlations between bullying and psychological distress (r = 0.39), job satisfaction (r = −0.28), and affective commitment (r = −0.22) were all significant and for some outcomes greater than those involving the traditional job stressors. Furthermore, for each of these three outcomes, bullying contributed incremental variance after controlling for other job demands. These results support earlier claims that workplace bullying requires the same attention given to traditional work stressors. The JDC model provides a strong theoretical base to investigate workplace bullying. Testing against other stressors allows for consideration of the broader context of workplace bullying when managing the workforce.
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Gugnani, Akshay, and Hemant Misra. "Implicit Skills Extraction Using Document Embedding and Its Use in Job Recommendation." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 34, no. 08 (April 3, 2020): 13286–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v34i08.7038.
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This paper presents a job recommender system to match resumes to job descriptions (JD), both of which are non-standard and unstructured/semi-structured in form. First, the paper proposes a combination of natural language processing (NLP) techniques for the task of skill extraction. The performance of the combined techniques on an industrial scale dataset yielded a precision and recall of 0.78 and 0.88 respectively. The paper then introduces the concept of extracting implicit skills – the skills which are not explicitly mentioned in a JD but may be implicit in the context of geography, industry or role. To mine and infer implicit skills for a JD, we find the other JDs similar to this JD. This similarity match is done in the semantic space. A Doc2Vec model is trained on 1.1 Million JDs covering several domains crawled from the web, and all the JDs are projected onto this semantic space. The skills absent in the JD but present in similar JDs are obtained, and the obtained skills are weighted using several techniques to obtain the set of final implicit skills. Finally, several similarity measures are explored to match the skills extracted from a candidate's resume to explicit and implicit skills of JDs. Empirical results for matching resumes and JDs demonstrate that the proposed approach gives a mean reciprocal rank of 0.88, an improvement of 29.4% when compared to the performance of a baseline method that uses only explicit skills.
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Chan, Allan KK, Caleb Huanyong Chen, and Long Zhao. "JD.com: leveraging the edge of e-business." Emerald Emerging Markets Case Studies 8, no. 3 (September 24, 2018): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eemcs-06-2016-0109.
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Subject area E-Business; Corporate Strategy; Strategic Management; Operation Management. Study level/applicability Senior undergraduate; MBA; EMBA. Case overview After development for 10 years, JD was now China’s second largest business-to-customer (B2C) e-retailer and the largest in self-operated sector. It was September 2015 when Liu Qiangdong was deciding whether to persist with JD’s self-operated model and the heavy investment in the self-built logistics system. JD’s business model had been functioning well. However, as JD grew bigger and bigger, it became too expensive to expand its logistics system. JD had not made a profit since it raised funds from investors. Liu had to come up with a good proposal before the next monthly meeting to convince them that JD would finally overtake its biggest rival, Alibaba which ran on a different business model. In addition, JD was exploiting the rural and the global markets, as well as a new business in internet finance. Facing challenges and dilemmas, should JD persist with its model? How could Liu align short-term profitability with long-run development? How could JD overcome attacks from Alibaba and other competitors? Expected learning outcomes This case is appropriate for courses in e-business and strategy, particularly those with a strong focus on doing e-business in emerging markets (e.g. China). After studying the case, students should be able to: understand the e-commerce market in China; understand business models and key strategies of e-retailers; identify and analyse the pros and cons of the self-operated business model and self-built logistics system in e-commerce; learn how to evaluate performance, strategies and business models of e-commerce companies; and extract key trends in the market and compare different strategies. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Please contact your library to gain login details or email support@emeraldinsight.com to request teaching notes. Subject code: CSS 11: Strategy.
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van Dick, Rolf, Christiane Schnitger, Carla Schwartzmann-Buchelt, and Ulrich Wagner. "Der Job Diagnostic Survey im Bildungsbereich." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 45, no. 2 (April 2001): 74–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0932-4089.45.2.74.
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Zusammenfassung. Das Job Characteristics Model (JCM, Hackman & Oldham, 1975 , 1980 ) postuliert Beziehungen zwischen Tätigkeitsmerkmalen, psychologischen Erlebniszuständen und Arbeitszufriedenheit sowie intrinsischer Motivation. Der Job Diagnostic Survey (JDS) als operationale Umsetzung der Modellvorstellungen wurde häufig in Untersuchungen in Produktion und Management verwendet und hat sich in diesen Bereichen bewährt. Mit einer deutschsprachigen Weiterentwicklung des JDS soll in dieser Arbeit überprüft werden, ob die Modellvorstellungen des JCM außerhalb des gewerblichen Bereichs Gültigkeit besitzen. Der JDS wurde zwei Lehrerstichproben (N=201, N=190), Hochschulangehörigen (N=146) und Erzieherinnen (N=80) vorgegeben. Die Items wurden an die verschiedenen Berufe adaptiert, zum Teil modifiziert oder völlig neu konzipiert. Die faktorielle Struktur des JDS konnte nicht exakt repliziert werden. Mit den neu gebildeten Skalen wurden die Modellvorhersagen des JCM anhand von Strukturgleichungsanalysen (EQS) überprüft: Dabei war in allen Stichproben ein direkter Einfluss von den Tätigkeitsmerkmalen auf die Arbeitszufriedenheit einzuführen, um eine gute Modellpassung zu erreichen. Die Tätigkeitsmerkmale haben den vorhergesagten Einfluss auf die psychologischen Erlebniszustände Bedeutsamkeit bzw. Verantwortlichkeit und Wissen um die Resultate. Die letztgenannte Variable hängt nicht durchgängig mit den Auswirkungen der Arbeit zusammen, wie von Hackman und Oldham angenommen.
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Tamilina, Larysa, and Natalya Tamilina. "Social Trust Formation in the Workplace: Applying the Job Strain Model to Explain Variations in Social Trust Levels Among Employed Individuals." Journal of Social Inclusion Studies 6, no. 2 (December 2020): 182–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2394481121995943.
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This study applies the job strain model (JDC-S) to social trust to analyse how workplace characteristics influence social trust formation patterns. By defining the ‘workplace’ as consisting of (a) workload, (b) control and (c) social support, the JDC-S model predicts job demands to inversely relate to social trust, whereas job control and social support to positively affect trust among the employed. We utilise the sample of 60,250 respondents from the Programme for the International Assessment of Adult Competencies (PIAAC) to operationalise the three components and link them to social trust scores. Our analysis provides strong empirical evidence that the three factors are not only associated with trust among employed individuals, but that their impact is also contingent on the respondents’ sex and age.
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Roster, Catherine A., and Joseph R. Ferrari. "Time is on My Side—or Is It? Assessing How Perceived Control of Time and Procrastination Influence Emotional Exhaustion on the Job." Behavioral Sciences 10, no. 6 (June 10, 2020): 98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs10060098.
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The job demands–control model (JDC) postulates that an increased control over work resources mitigates or “buffers” the positive association between job stressors and strainers. However, the inconclusive validation of the buffering hypothesis across multiple studies suggests the need for fresh approaches, both conceptual and methodological. We integrated aspects of the JDC framework and time management process models to construct a model that tested both the direct and indirect effects of the perceived control of time (PCT) on emotional exhaustion arising from workload demands. Furthermore, we tested whether procrastination tendencies moderated the benefits of PCT on work stressors and strains. Data were collected in an Internet survey with 356 US adult office workers obtained from Prolific. The results supported the buffering effect of PCT on emotional exhaustion. PCT both mediated and exerted direct effects on the relationship between workload and emotional exhaustion. Procrastination tendencies moderated PCT and, in turn, undermined high PCT ability to reduce emotional exhaustion. Overall, the findings suggested that giving workers more control over their time may reduce stress associated with demanding workloads. However, chronic procrastinators may benefit less from having more control over time resources if they are not provided with tools to help them self-regulate more effectively.
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Kil, Monika, Stefanie Leffelsend, and Hellmuth Metz-Göckel. "Zum Einsatz einer revidierten und erweiterten Fassung des Job Diagnostic Survey im Dienstleistungs- und Verwaltungssektor." Zeitschrift für Arbeits- und Organisationspsychologie A&O 44, no. 3 (July 2000): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026//0932-4089.44.3.115.
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Zusammenfassung. Im Dienstleistungs-/Verwaltungssektor bedarf es angesichts veränderter arbeitsorganisatorischer Bedingungen systematischer diagnostischer Instrumente der Arbeitsanalyse. Der “Job-Diagnostic-Survey” (JDS) könnte hier eine Lücke schließen. Zuvor ist jedoch eine umfassende Überprüfung dieses früher schwerpunktmäßig im Rroduktionsbereich der BRD eingesetzten Verfahrens bzw. der ihm zugrunde liegenden Modellannahmen (das Job-Characteristic-Modell) angezeigt. Auf der Grundlage von verschiedenen Stichproben aus dem Dienstleistungssektor (N=691) werden zunächst die Güte- und Struktureigenschaften des für diesen Bereich angepaßten Fragebogenverfahrens untersucht. Sodann wird anhand von Strukturgleichungsmodellen überprüft, ob das Modell durch die Hinzunahme der Variablen “Zielklarheit”, “Organisationsbindung” und “Beanspruchung” in seiner Erklärungsgüte verbessert wird. Die Befunde zeigen, daß das Modell durch die Erweiterung deutlich an Erklärungskraft gewinnt. Damit bietet die erweiterte JDS-Version ein auch im Dienstleistungs-/Verwaltungssektor einzusetzendes organisationsdiagnostisches Instrument.
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KIM, Han-Kyoul, Sung Kuk Kim, Hyun-Jin Shim, Hee Myung Lee, and Hyunsill Rhee. "A Convergence Study on Influencing Factors of Paid Care Service: Andersen's Behavioral Model." Journal of Digital Convergence 15, no. 4 (April 28, 2017): 327–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2017.15.4.327.
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Siddiqui, Hareem, Faiza Sharif, Ambreen Ahmed, and Waqar Akbar. "Mediating Role of Burnout Between the Job Demands-Control Model and Psychological Well-being in Healthcare Professionals in Pakistan." Makara Human Behavior Studies in Asia 25, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 116–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/hubs.asia.2120220.
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Integrating the Job Demand-Control model (JDC) with the Conservation of Resource Theory, this study tested the JDC model for the direct and indirect effects of job demands (JD) and control (JC) on the psychological well-being (PWB) of healthcare professionals working in hospitals in Karachi, along with the mediating effects of burnout. The study employed Structural Equation Modelling using SMART PLS for data analysis of a sample of 316 healthcare providers from different hospitals in Karachi. The results supported the direct effects of JD and JC on PWB and the mediating effects of burnout The findings of the study add further empirical evidence to current literature on job stress. The results indicated that healthcare professionals in Pakistan are confronted with a demanding job that causes burnout and ultimately becomes a reason for their decreased PWB. The study also presented various practical implications for different stakeholders. From a sustainability standpoint, this study indicated the need to balance job demands and job control in order to design psychologically healthy jobs.
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Drmić, Z., M. Čačija, H. Virić Gašparić, D. Lemić, and R. Bažok. "Phenology of the sugar beet weevil, Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), in Croatia." Bulletin of Entomological Research 109, no. 4 (November 27, 2018): 518–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s000748531800086x.
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AbstractThe sugar beet weevil (SBW), Bothynoderes punctiventris Germar, 1824, is a significant pest in most of Eastern Europe. Here, the SBW is described and its seasonal activity characterized, in terms of its different developmental stages in relation to Julian days (JDs), degree-day accumulations (DDAs), and precipitation, as a key to improving monitoring and forecasting of the pest. The phenology and population characteristics of SBW were investigated in sugar beet fields in eastern Croatia over a 4-year period (2012–2015). By using the degree-day model (lower development threshold of 5°C, no upper development threshold, biofix 1 January), the first emergence of overwintering adults was determined as becoming established when the DDA reached 20. The adult emergence was completed when the DDA reached 428. SBW males emerged first, following which the females dominated the adult population. Overwintering adults were present in the field until early July. In August, adults of the offspring generation began to appear. The eggs laid by the overwintering generation required, on average, 10–15 days to develop into larvae; however, eggs were found in soil samples over a period of 102 days (between JDs 112 and 214). Larvae were present in the soil samples over a period of a maximum of 143 days (the first larvae were established on JD 122 and the last one on JD 265), and pupae were established in the soil over a period of 102 days (between JDs 143 and 245). This study provides important data for understanding SBW population dynamics and developing potential population dynamic models for pest forecasting on a regional scale.
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Park, Yun, and Sang-Hyun Kim. "The Study of Effectiveness of Volume Mode in Pediatric CT." Journal of Digital Convergence 12, no. 10 (October 28, 2014): 425–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2014.12.10.425.
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Dutschke, Georg, Lia Jacobsohn, Alvaro Dias, and Jaime Combadão. "The job design happiness scale (JDHS)." Journal of Organizational Change Management 32, no. 7 (November 11, 2019): 709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-01-2018-0035.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that individuals consider necessary to be happy in their job. Based on these factors, a measure of job design happiness (JDH) is proposed. Design/methodology/approach Two methods were applied: a qualitative study with content analyses (n=969) to develop an exploratory questionnaire; and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis by applying structural equations models. In this second study the questionnaire was sent to a second sample (n=1,079). Findings Five first-order factors were identified: self-fulfillment; group working, attaining goals; leadership; and sustainability and job/family balance. These factors are explained by a second order factor: JDH. Research limitations/implications Further research is needed to determine how the identified “job design happiness” components may interact with one another. Testing the measure of different industries and national cultures is also suggested. Practical implications Managers and human resources practitioners can improve job and organizational performance by applying the scale in several moments in time measuring the job happiness “pulse,” monitoring their decisions. Social implications The adoption of this measure for decision making in organizational and job design can contribute to the improvement of living standards and firm sustainability. Originality/value Research on organizational happiness has been increasing but instruments to measure JDH, considering organizational factors, are limited.
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Niu, Yaqing, Sridhar Krishnan, and Qin Zhang. "Spatio-Temporal Just Noticeable Distortion Model Guided Video Watermarking." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 2, no. 4 (October 2010): 16–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2010100102.
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Perceptual Watermarking should take full advantage of the results from human visual system (HVS) studies. Just noticeable distortion (JND), which refers to the maximum distortion that the HVS does not perceive, gives a way to model the HVS accurately. An effective Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme in DCT domain is proposed in this paper. The watermarking scheme is based on the design of an additional accurate JND visual model which incorporates spatial Contrast Sensitivity Function (CSF), temporal modulation factor, retinal velocity, luminance adaptation and contrast masking. The proposed watermarking scheme, where the JND model is fully used to determine scene-adaptive upper bounds on watermark insertion, allows providing the maximum strength transparent watermark. Experimental results confirm the improved performance of the Spatio-Temporal JND model. The authors’ Spatio-Temporal JND model is capable of yielding higher injected-watermark energy without introducing noticeable distortion to the original video sequences and outperforms the relevant existing visual models. Simulation results show that the proposed Spatio-Temporal JND model guided video watermarking scheme is more robust than other algorithms based on the relevant existing perceptual models while retaining the watermark transparency.
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Zhao, Jing Ying, Fang Yao, Yan Zhi Mi, and Na Qin. "Research on Optimization Technology of Electromagnetic Transformer." Advanced Materials Research 805-806 (September 2013): 818–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.805-806.818.
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Taking the typical electromagnetic voltage transformer JDCF-110 as the research object, according to the performance characteristics, the optimization mathematical model is set up. Ant colony algorithm is selected as optimization algorithm. With the cost as objective function, the settings of key parameters are studied on in optimization design. By use of Visual C++ language, the optimization design software of electromagnetic voltage transformer is finished on the plat of Windows XP. According to users requirement, the basic design and the optimized design of electromagnetic voltage transformer can be conveniently and quickly realized.
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Tenório, Jederson Garbin, and Cinthia Lopes Da Silva. "EXPERIÊNCIA PEDAGÓGICA EM AULAS DE EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA A PARTIR DOS JOGOS DESPORTIVOS COLETIVOS." Revista Brasileira de Ciência e Movimento 28, no. 1 (July 28, 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.31501/rbcm.v28i1.9066.
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O presente estudo teve como objetivo descrever e analisar uma experiência pedagógica junto a alunos do Ensino Médio em aulas de Educação Física a partir dos Jogos Desportivos Coletivos (JDC). As aulas de Educação Física no Ensino Médio, geralmente apresentam alguns problemas pertinentes, tais como: privilégios aos alunos mais habilidosos em detrimento dos demais; conteúdos repetitivos; predomínio de competição exacerbada e, em alguns casos, mínima intervenção pedagógica. Como procedimento metodológico, realizamos pesquisa bibliográfica e pesquisa de campo, de tipo participante, sendo este um estudo qualitativo, que teve como técnica a utilização de questionários e diário de campo. A experiência foi realizada ao longo de 8 (oito) aulas, em uma turma de 2º ano do Ensino Médio, composta por 7 (sete) meninos e 11 (onze) meninas. Como resultado, consideramos que o ensino sistêmico dos JDC possui uma interface com a educação para o lazer e o referencial cultural, podendo auxiliar na minimização de problemas existentes nas aulas como exclusão, desânimo, individualismo e falta de aprendizagem. Pudemos observar no início da experiência pedagógica uma estrutura social que era movida em torno dos mais habilidosos, que aos poucos foi se modificando com a intervenção pedagógica que utilizou o ensino sistêmico dos JDC. Ao oportunizar esse modelo de ensino, as aulas se tornaram diferentes, divertidas e menos excludentes, demonstrando a relevância de uma mediação pedagógica no Ensino Médio que: a) considere o contexto cultural dos educandos; b) valorize atividades que exploram o componente lúdico; c) oportunize diferentes experiências na esfera da cultura corporal de movimento; d) utilize o ensino sistêmico dos JDC na aprendizagem de uma modalidade esportiva e; e) contribua na formação de praticantes e espectadores críticos.
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Wey, Wann-Ming, and Yu-Hern Chang. "A Comparative Location Study for the Joint Development Station of a Mass Rapid Transit System: A Case in Taichung City in Taiwan." Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design 36, no. 4 (January 1, 2009): 573–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/b33135.
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This paper is concerned with the selection of a candidate joint development station (JDS) for a Mass Rapid Transit (MRT) system. We propose a method to reach consensus for a group decision on the basis of a combination of the analytic hierarchy process and the assurance region model of data envelopment analysis. Several strategies for using this methodology—for example, Delphi procedures—are also discussed. On the basis of these analyses, the evaluators (council members) responsible for recommending the proper candidate JDS for an MRT system in Taichung City, Taiwan, came up with two contenders from among five: one station in Taichung's CBD area and the other in the Situn district. It was not possible to discriminate between the two using multiple criteria for evaluating stations. The evaluators recommended these two stations to the city council, who should now be able to make an informed, objective decision. In this report we have summarized, with emphasis on the methodological aspects, the decision-making processes that the evaluators followed.
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Jachens, Liza, and Jonathan Houdmont. "Effort-Reward Imbalance and Job Strain: A Composite Indicator Approach." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 21 (October 29, 2019): 4169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16214169.
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The Job Demand-Control-Support (JDC-S) and Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) models dominate psychosocial work environment research and practice, with their independent and collective contributions to employee health having been extensively demonstrated. Psychosocial risk assessment in the humanitarian aid sector is in its infancy, and there is a need to identify appropriate psychosocial work environment models to inform approaches to assessment. The aim of this study is to examine the efficacy of these models separately and in combination to identify psychological distress in humanitarian aid workers. Cross-sectional survey data were obtained from 283 humanitarian aid workers. Logistic regression analyses investigated the separate and combined ability of the models to identify psychological distress. More than half of the participant sample reported psychological distress, and one third reported high ERI and high job strain. When tested separately, each model was associated with a significantly elevated likelihood of psychological distress. When tested in combination, the two models offered a superior estimation of the likelihood of psychological distress than achieved by one model in isolation. Psychosocial risk assessment in the humanitarian aid sector encompassing the characteristics of both these leading psychosocial work environment models captures the breadth of relevant generic psychosocial work characteristics. These initial findings require corroboration through longitudinal research involving sector-representative samples.
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원지성. "A Review on Marketing Models’ Implications to Market Positioning: With a Focus on the Hauser and Shugan Model." Journal of Distribution Science 14, no. 11 (November 2016): 61–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.14.11.201611.61.
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McCollister, Kathryn, Pamela Baumer, Monica Davis, Alison Greene, Sally Stevens, and Michael Dennis. "Economic Evaluation of the Juvenile Drug Court/Reclaiming Futures (JDC/RF) Model." Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research 45, no. 3 (March 26, 2018): 321–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11414-018-9606-y.
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Park, In-Kyoo. "A Big Data Analysis by Between-Cluster Information using k-Modes Clustering Algorithm." Journal of Digital Convergence 13, no. 11 (November 28, 2015): 157–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14400/jdc.2015.13.11.157.
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Kılıç, Bülent, Mustafa Çalışkan, Anıl Agar, Bora Uzun, Fatih Ertem, Deniz Gülabi, and Cemil Ertürk. "Comparison of two different screw trajectories in the treatment of oblique scaphoid fractures: A mechanical study on composite bone models." Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 32, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 377–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.52312/jdrs.2021.15.
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Objectives: In this mechanical study, we aimed to compare two different screw trajectories in terms of durability against axial loads on oblique scaphoid fractures using composite bone models. Materials and methods: Oblique osteotomies were made along the dorsal sulcus of 14 composite scaphoid bone models. Following this, all bone models were randomly classified. One group of bones were fixed with a screw placed perpendicular to the osteotomy line and the other group was fixed with a screw placed centrally down the long axis of the scaphoid bone. Each scaphoid bone model was positioned on a mechanical testing machine. Subsequently, axial loading tests were applied on each bone model to measure the amount of loading required to cause 2-mm displacement and failure on the osteotomy side and maximum displacement at the time of failure on scaphoid bone models. Results: There was no statistically significant difference in load to 2-mm displacement and failure between the two groups (p>0.05). Also, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of maximum displacement seen on failure (p>0.05). Conclusion: In our study, we found that the stability of the screws which laid perpendicular to the fracture line and parallel to the long axis of the scaphoid was the same in fixing oblique scaphoid fractures.
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Vlachopoulos, Konstantinos, Emmanouil Magkos, and Vassileios Chrissikopoulos. "A Model for Hybrid Evidence Investigation." International Journal of Digital Crime and Forensics 4, no. 4 (October 2012): 47–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jdcf.2012100104.
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With the advent of Information and Communication Technologies, the means of committing a crime and the crime itself are constantly evolved. In addition, the boundaries between traditional crime and cybercrime are vague: a crime may not have a defined traditional or digital form since digital and physical evidence may coexist in a crime scene. Furthermore, various items found in a crime scene may worth be examined as both physical and digital evidence, which the authors consider as hybrid evidence. In this paper, a model for investigating such crime scenes with hybrid evidence is proposed. Their model unifies the procedures related to digital and physical evidence collection and examination, taking into consideration the unique characteristics of each form of evidence. The authors’ model can also be implemented in cases where only digital or physical evidence exist in a crime scene.
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Jang, Bong-Gyu, Sang-Gyu Lim, and Ho-Seok Lee. "Stochastic Behavior of Commodity Prices: The Valuation of Derivative-Linked Securities." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 17, no. 1 (February 28, 2009): 51–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2009-b0003.
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We investigated term structure models for commodity prices to value derivative-linked securities (DLS) traded in Korea. We especially highlighted geometric Brownian motion (GBM) model considering a convenience yield and Schwartz model reflecting mean-reverting property. One of key characteristics of the paper is that this paper provides theoretical models for multi underlying assets and the model combining GBM model and Schwartz model. Furthermore, it gives us an analysis for quanto adjustment which occurs in the valuation of DLS. In case of GBM model, quanto adjustment seems to be relatively simple by adjusting a constant ratio to risk-free interest rate. Unlike GBM model, we find out that, in case of Schwartz model, such adjustment can be achieved only when the stochastic process of foreign exchange rate is considered. After having valuation, both models show stable results for DLS prices using WTI index as an underlying asset. However, they results in outcomes, which are relatively not stable, on valuing DLS written on multi underlying assets including nickel.
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Lee,Young-Min. "Study on E-commerce Evaluation Model : Focused on “Internet Business Model." Journal of Distribution Science 14, no. 1 (January 2016): 85–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.15722/jds.14.1.201601.85.
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Lee, Hyewon, Soyoung Yoon, and Ziyoung Park. "“SEMANTIC” in a Digital Curation Model." Journal of Data and Information Science 5, no. 1 (April 22, 2020): 81–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2020-0007.
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AbstractPurposeThis study attempts to propose an abstract model by gathering concepts that can focus on resource representation and description in a digital curation model and suggest a conceptual model that emphasizes semantic enrichment in a digital curation model.Design/methodology/approachThis study conducts a literature review to analyze the preceding curation models, DCC CLM, DCC&U, UC3, and DCN.FindingsThe concept of semantic enrichment is expressed in a single word, SEMANTIC in this study. The Semantic Enrichment Model, SEMANTIC has elements, subject, extraction, multi-language, authority, network, thing, identity, and connect.Research limitationsThis study does not reflect the actual information environment because it focuses on the concepts of the representation of digital objects.Practical implicationsThis study presents the main considerations for creating and reinforcing the description and representation of digital objects when building and developing digital curation models in specific institutions.Originality/valueThis study summarizes the elements that should be emphasized in the representation of digital objects in terms of information organization.
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Kim, Mi Ae. "Investigation for Synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligation." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 14, no. 1 (May 31, 2006): 127–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-01-2006-b0005.
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Recently, domestic market participants have a growing interest in synthetic Collateralized Debt Obligation (CDO) as a security to reduce credit risk and create new profit. Therefore, the valuation method and hedging strategy for synthetic CDO become an important issue. However, there is no won-denominated credit default swap transactions, which are essential for activating synthetic CDO transaction‘ In addition, there is no transparent market information for the default probability, asset correlation, and recovery rate, which are critical variables determining the price of synthetic CDO. This study first investigates the method of estimating the default probability, asset correlation coefficient, and recovery rate. Next, using five synthetiC CDO pricing models‘ widely used OFGC (One-Factor Non-Gaussian Copula) model. OFNGC (One-Factor Non-Gaussian Copula) model such as OFDTC (One-Factor Double T-distribution Copula) model of Hull and White (2004) or NIGC (Normal Inverse Gaussian Copula) model of Kalemanova et al.(2005), SC<Stochastic Correlation) model of Burtschell et al.(2005), and FL (Forward Loss) model of Bennani (2005), I Investigate and compare three points: 1) appropriateness for portfolio loss distribution, 2) explanation for standardized tranche spread, 3) sensitivity for delta-neutral hedging strategy. To compare pricing models, parameter estimation for each model is preceded by using the term structure of iTraxx Europe index spread and the tranch spreads with different maturities and exercise prices Remarkable results of this study are as follows. First, the probability for loss interval determining mezzanine tranche spread is lower in all models except SC model than OFGC model. This result shows that all mαdels except SC model in some degree solve the implied correlation smile phenomenon, where the correlation coefficient of mezzanine tranche must be lower than other tranches when OFGC model is used. Second, in explaining standardized tranche spread, NIGC model is the best among various models with respect to relative error. When OFGC model is compared with OFDTC model, OFOTC model is better than OFGC model in explaining 5-year tranche spreads. But for 7-year or 10-year tranches, OFDTC model is better with respect to absolute error while OFGC model is better with respect to relative error. Third, the sensitivity sign of senior tranctle spread with respect to asset correlation is sometime negative in NIG model while it is positive in other models. This result implies that a long position may be taken by the issuers of synthet.ic COO as a correlation delta-neutral hedging strategy when OFGC model is used, while a short position may be taken when NIGC model is used.
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Yu, Gaihong, Zhixiong Zhang, Huan Liu, and Liangping Ding. "Masked Sentence Model Based on BERT for Move Recognition in Medical Scientific Abstracts." Journal of Data and Information Science 4, no. 4 (December 27, 2019): 42–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/jdis-2019-0020.
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Abstract Purpose Move recognition in scientific abstracts is an NLP task of classifying sentences of the abstracts into different types of language units. To improve the performance of move recognition in scientific abstracts, a novel model of move recognition is proposed that outperforms the BERT-based method. Design/methodology/approach Prevalent models based on BERT for sentence classification often classify sentences without considering the context of the sentences. In this paper, inspired by the BERT masked language model (MLM), we propose a novel model called the masked sentence model that integrates the content and contextual information of the sentences in move recognition. Experiments are conducted on the benchmark dataset PubMed 20K RCT in three steps. Then, we compare our model with HSLN-RNN, BERT-based and SciBERT using the same dataset. Findings Compared with the BERT-based and SciBERT models, the F1 score of our model outperforms them by 4.96% and 4.34%, respectively, which shows the feasibility and effectiveness of the novel model and the result of our model comes closest to the state-of-the-art results of HSLN-RNN at present. Research limitations The sequential features of move labels are not considered, which might be one of the reasons why HSLN-RNN has better performance. Our model is restricted to dealing with biomedical English literature because we use a dataset from PubMed, which is a typical biomedical database, to fine-tune our model. Practical implications The proposed model is better and simpler in identifying move structures in scientific abstracts and is worthy of text classification experiments for capturing contextual features of sentences. Originality/value T he study proposes a masked sentence model based on BERT that considers the contextual features of the sentences in abstracts in a new way. The performance of this classification model is significantly improved by rebuilding the input layer without changing the structure of neural networks.
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Gültekin, Alper, Erdinç Acar, Levent Uğur, Aytaç Yıldız, and Ulaş Serarslan. "The importance of Böhler’s angle in calcaneus geometry: A finite element model study." Joint Diseases and Related Surgery 32, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 420–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.52312/jdrs.2021.81251.
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Objectives: Calcaneal fractures are the most common tarsal fractures following a foot-ankle trauma. The Böhler’s angle is an important measurable angle before, during, and after surgery. In this study, we aimed to investigate correlation between Böhler’s angle, calcaneal strength, and subtalar joint stress using a finite element analysis (FEA). Patients and methods: Between January 2016 and December 2016, computed tomography (CT) scans were used with MIMICS® software for FEA. The ankle and foot of a 23-year-old male person with a height of 180 cm and weighing 80 kg was modeled as reference. Raw coronal CT images were obtained in Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine format with the resolution of 512X512 pixels and 0.3-mm slice intervals in 135 kV. The structures including tibia, fibula and 26 other bones (talus, calcaneus, cuboid, navicular, three cuneiforms, five metatarsals, and 14 components of phalanges), cartilage and ligamentous tissues were modeled to form ankle joint. After determining Böhler’s angle as 35 degrees for the reference model, a fracture line was created on calcaneus. Calcaneus was remodeled with the Böhler’s angle of 45, 40, 30, 25, 20, 10, and 0 degrees respectively. All models were transferred to ANSYS software for FEA and the loads on the lower extremities with normal posture were applied on models. Results: Analysis of all models based in the reference model revealed that maximum tension values on calcaneus increased, while the Böhler’s angle decreased, indicating a statistically significant difference. The decreased Böhler’s angle indicated statistically significantly higher maximum tension values (p=0.04). Action force in subtalar joint was evaluated by comparing with the forces in reference model. The increased Böhler’s angle was found to be associated with statistically significantly decreased amount of load on subtalar joint. The decreased Böhler’s angle was related to the statistically significantly increased amount of load on subtalar joint. Conclusion: Our study results suggest that decreased Böhler’s angle increases the possibility of subtalar arthrosis, although overcorrection of the Böhler’s angle seems not to increase the risk of subtalar arthrosis.
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Chambel, Maria José, Vânia Sofia Carvalho, and Mariana Neto. "Job Demands-Control model and employees’ mental health: The mediate role of work-family conflict." PSICOLOGIA 34, no. 1 (August 7, 2020): 13–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17575/psicologia.v34i1.1467.
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This paper has two goals: examine the effect of job characteristics proposed in the Job Demands-Control (JDC) model on work-family conflict (WFC) and the effect of this variable on employees’ mental health; examine the mediate role of WFC between these job characteristics and employees’ mental health. The hypotheses, using structural equation modeling, were tested with cross-lagged analyses based on two waves over a 6-months period in a sample of 958 employees with different functions in a Portuguese organization from service sector. The findings show that job demands are significant in determining WFC, which in turn mediates the relationship between these job characteristics and employees’ mental health six months later. No relationship is found between job control and WFC. The paper highlights the relevance to intervene on job demands and WFC to control employees´ mental health.
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Nilforooshan, M. A., W. F. Fikse, B. Berglund, J. H. Jakobsen, and H. Jorjani. "Short communication: Quantifying bias in a single-trait international model ignoring covariances from multiple-trait national models." Journal of Dairy Science 94, no. 5 (May 2011): 2631–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-3863.
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Moon, Sungjeh, and Joonhyuk Song. "Cross Section of KOSPI Returns Based on Cash Flow Risk Factors." Journal of Derivatives and Quantitative Studies 26, no. 3 (August 31, 2018): 311–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jdqs-03-2018-b0002.
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This paper introduces two risk factors which are the covariance between long-run consumption growth and cash flows and the duration of cash flow, and investigates how these factors serve to explain the KOSPI return risk premiums. Based on our empirical results comparing the proposed two-factor cash flow model with the standard benchmark models such as CAPM and Fama-French 3-factor model (FF-3F), using KOSPI equity including de-listed stocks, the cash flow model explains 74.7% of the cross-section of equity risk premium while CAPM and FF-3F model explains 41.9% and 64.1% to the maximum, respectively, showing that the cash-flow model is superior in explaining the risk premium factor structure compared with the benchmark models. Also, the pricing error is only 4% in the two-factor cash flow model, while CAPM and FF-3F are 7.7% and 4.7%, respectively, indicating the cash flow model outperforms the standard benchmark models in pricing error as well. These results can be interpreted that the cross section of the equity risk premium is related to a firm’s cash flow and long-run consumption, and therefore the growth rate of consumption in the long run rather than contemporaneous consumption growth rate has a greater influence on the determination of the risk premium.