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Fransen, J. A. M., K. V. Kardong, and P. Dullemeijer. "Feeding Mechanism in the Rattlesnake Crotalus durissus." Amphibia-Reptilia 7, no. 3 (1986): 271–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156853886x00055.
AbstractCineradiography and electromyography were used to study the strike and swallowing behaviour of the rattlesnake, Crotalus durissus. From the data gathered, we describe the kinetic events of the cranial bones correlated with both the activity of individual jaw muscles (electromyograms) and with the calculated relative forces produced by these same muscles. During the strike, the independently suspended jaws of left and right sides simultaneously protract to erect the folded fangs. This is accompanied by opening of the lower jaws. Some low level activity first appears in the depressor muscles, but immediately thereafter they and all other jaw muscles suddenly and nearly simultaneously reach peak output. From the calculated relative muscle forces, vector models of the jaws were determined for early and peak points in the strike. Swallowing is accomplished by reciprocating alternate motions of bones on the left and right sides of the skull. This produces a swallowing cycle of two phases, moving and fixing. In turn, each phase divides into three parts-opening, advance, close. On the ipsilateral side, opening is characterized by a relaxation of contact of bones and teeth they bear with the prey and the braincase begins rotation about three axes simultaneously. Motions begun in opening, contiue into advance, but now the ipsilateral jaw elements are protracted to progress them along the prey. As protraction ends, the jaws again come into contact with the prey to establish the close part of the moving phase of swallowing. After a pause, the fixing phase begins while opposite jaw elements now take their turn to progress through similar displacements. During this fixing phase ipsilateral elements arc often further retracted. Emphasis is given to the complicated rotations of the braincase which contribute first to disengagement of teeth and second to advancement of suspended jaw elements around and along the prey. Most muscles reached peak output during one of the two swallowing phases, although the timing and intensity of these peaks varied between muscles. The relative muscle forces were used to construct vector models of the jaws during stages of swallowing. Upon these vector models and from the overall patterns of activity, determination was made of the likely roles played by individual muscles in abduction, protraction, and adduction of jaw elements. Muscles, besides being basic movers of the jaw elements, apparently also play critical parts in stabilizing and regulating the controlled positioning of bones.
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Wilga, C. D., and P. J. Motta. "Feeding mechanism of the atlantic guitarfish rhinobatos lentiginosus:modulation of kinematic and motor activity." Journal of Experimental Biology 201, no. 23 (December 1, 1998): 3167–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.201.23.3167.
The kinematics and muscle activity pattern of the head and jaws during feeding in the Atlantic guitarfish Rhinobatos lentiginosus are described and quantified using high-speed video and electromyography to test hypotheses regarding the conservation and modulation of the feeding mechanism. Prey is captured by the guitarfish using suction. Suction capture, bite manipulation and suction transport behaviors in the guitarfish are similar to one another in the relative sequence of kinematic and motor activity, but can be distinguished from one another by variation in absolute muscle activation time, in the presence or absence of muscle activity and in the duration of muscle activity. A novel compression transport behavior was observed that is strikingly different from the other feeding behaviors and has not been described previously in elasmobranchs. The mechanism of upper jaw protrusion in the guitarfish differs from that described in other elasmobranchs. Muscle function and motor pattern during feeding are similar in the plesiomorphic cranial muscles in the guitarfish and the spiny dogfish probably because of their shared ancestral morphology. Modulation in recruitment of jaw and hyoid depressor muscles among feeding behaviors in the guitarfish may be a consequence of duplication of muscles and decoupling of the jaws and hyoid apparatus in batoids.
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Friel, J. P., and P. C. Wainwright. "Evolution of complexity in motor patterns and jaw musculature of tetraodontiform fishes." Journal of Experimental Biology 202, no. 7 (April 1, 1999): 867–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.202.7.867.
The prey-processing behavior and jaw-adducting musculature of tetraodontiform fishes provide a novel system for studying the evolution of muscles and their function. The history of this clade has involved a pattern of repeated ‘duplications’ of jaw muscles by physical subdivision of pre-existing muscles. As a result, the number of adductor mandibulae muscles in different taxa varies from as few as two to as many as eight. We used electromyography (EMG) to quantify motor-pattern variation of adductor mandibulae muscles in four tetraodontiform species during feeding events on prey items that varied in durability and elusiveness. Statistical analyses of variation in EMG variables revealed significant differences in motor patterns between duplicated muscles derived from a common ancestral muscle in seven of nine cases examined. Overall individual EMG timing variables (e.g. relative onset or duration of bursts) were slightly less likely to diverge functionally than amplitude variables (e.g. relative intensity of bursts). Functional divergence was found in significant overall differences between muscles and twice as frequently in significant muscle-by-prey interaction terms. Such interactions represent an underappreciated way in which motor patterns can evolve and diversify. Regional variation was documented in undivided muscles in two species, indicating that it is possible for functional subdivision to precede anatomical subdivision. This study shows that phylogenetic increases in the number of tetraodontiform jaw adductor muscles have been associated with increases in the functional complexity of the jaws at the level of muscle activation patterns.
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Previatto, DM, and SR Posso. "Jaw musculature of Cyclarhis gujanensis (Aves: Vireonidae)." Brazilian Journal of Biology 75, no. 3 (September 25, 2015): 655–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.20113.
AbstractCyclarhis gujanensis is a little bird which feeds on high number of large preys, such frogs, lizards, snakes, bats and birds. As there are few studies on the cranial anatomy of this species, we aimed to describe the cranial myology to contribute to the anatomical knowledge of this species and to make some assumptions about functional anatomy. Thus, we described the muscles from the jaw apparatus (external and internal adductor muscles, the muscles of the pterygoid system and the depressor muscles of the mandible). The adductor system is the greatest and multipinulated, particularly in its origin in the caudal portion of the temporal fossa. The depressor jaw muscles systems are enlarged with many components in complexity. The most of jaw apparatus muscles are short, but the strength (biting or crushing forces) from short feeding apparatus fibers probably is increased by high number of components and pinnulation. These anatomical aspects of the muscles indicate a considerable force in the jaws, without which C. gujanensis probably could not cut their prey into smaller pieces. However, functional approaches to analysis of forces of the muscle fibers are needed to corroborate / refute the hypotheses mentioned above.
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Patil, Santosh R., G. Maragathavalli, and DNSV Ramesh. "Bite Force: A Contemporary Narrative Review." International Journal of Health Sciences and Research 12, no. 5 (May 10, 2022): 108–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijhsr.20220514.
Bite force is one of the indicators of the masticatory apparatus's functioning status, as determined by the activation of the jaw's elevator muscles as a result of craniomandibular biomechanics. Bite force is used to investigate the activity related to the dentition, occlusal factor, dentures and implant therapy, temporomandibular diseases, orthognathic surgery, and neuromuscular modifications. Masticatory functions are determined by muscular forces and the total number of functioning teeth. The goal of calculating maximal biting force is to assess the force generated by the mandible's elevator muscles. The biting force is generated by the action of muscles in the maxilla and mandible, which is then disseminated to the thing being chewed via the teeth. The forces which result essentially while during chewing activity performance on the jaw bones in varying dimensions which depends on activity of musculature that cause an unambiguous action. Key words: Bite force, muscles, teeth, jaws, factors.
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Hollowell, D. E., and P. M. Suratt. "Mandible position and activation of submental and masseter muscles during sleep." Journal of Applied Physiology 71, no. 6 (December 1, 1991): 2267–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1991.71.6.2267.
Movement of the mandible could influence pharyngeal airway caliber because the mandible is attached to the tongue and to muscles that insert on the hyoid bone. In normal subjects and patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) we measured jaw position during sleep with strain gauges, as well as masseter and submental electromyograms, airflow, esophageal pressure, oximetry, electroencephalograms, and electrooculograms. Jaws of patients with OSA were open more than those of normal subjects at end expiration and opened further at end inspiration, particularly at the termination of apneas when the masseter and submental muscles contracted. Masseter activation occurred only in patients with OSA and in a pattern similar to that of submental muscles. Jaw opening at end expiration could narrow the upper airway, whereas opening at end inspiration could reflect efforts to expand the airway with tracheal tug and with submental muscle activation and efforts to open the mouth to allow mouth breathing. Masseter contraction does not close the jaw but may serve to stabilize it.
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Gn, Suma, and Adrita Nag. "Management of Oromandibular Dystonia: A Case Report and Literature Update." Case Reports in Dentistry 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3514393.
Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a movement disorder characterized by involuntary, paroxysmal, and patterned muscle contractions of varying severity resulting in sustained spasms of masticatory muscles, affecting the jaws, tongue, face, and pharynx. It is most commonly idiopathic or medication-induced, but peripheral trauma sometimes precedes the condition. We present a case report of a 26-year-old female patient who suffered repetitive bouts of hemifacial muscle contractions for 2 years on closing the mouth which interfered in patient’s well-being and quality of life by hampering her ability to eat and talk and to the extent of inability to breath due to contractions of her neck muscles. Prompt diagnosis of a chronic oromandibular dystonia jaw closing type led to the control of the spasmodic muscle contractions within 24 hours and alleviation of patients fear of morbidity.
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Greaves, Walter Stalker. "Modeling the distance between the molar tooth rows in mammals." Canadian Journal of Zoology 80, no. 2 (February 1, 2002): 388–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z02-008.
The sum of all possible bite forces along a mammalian tooth row is related to the area under the curve when bite force is plotted from one end of the tooth row to the other. Integrating the equation of this plot and dividing by the length of the entire jaw, from joint to incisor, gives the average bite force along the entire jaw (as opposed to along the tooth row). Calculations indicate that for any jaw shape there is only one location for the tooth row relative to the midline of the skull, where the average bite force is maximized; the average force is lower when the tooth row is closer to, or farther from, the midline. In addition, for animals with long narrow jaws, the location where this maximum is realized is relatively closer to the midline than it is for animals with short wide jaws. In many mammals, the distance between the jaw joints (jaw width) often varies between 60 and 80% of the distance from the jaw joints to the incisor (jaw length) in narrow and wide jaws, respectively. Length is measured perpendicular to the resultant force of the jaw muscles. Accepting that average bite force will be maximized, the model predicts that in the longer, narrower jaws the distance between the two molar rows will be approximately half the width of the jaw (and will approach 60% in the shorter, wider jaws).
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Wainwright, P. C., and R. G. Turingan. "COUPLED VERSUS UNCOUPLED FUNCTIONAL SYSTEMS: MOTOR PLASTICITY IN THE QUEEN TRIGGERFISH BALISTES VETULA." Journal of Experimental Biology 180, no. 1 (July 1, 1993): 209–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.180.1.209.
Teleost fishes typically capture prey with the oral jaws and perform most types of prey- processing behavior with the pharyngeal jaw apparatus. In these fishes, the motor patterns associated with the different stages of feeding are quite distinct, and fish can modify muscle activity patterns when feeding on different prey. We examined motor pattern variation in the queen triggerfish, Balistes vetula, a versatile predator that both captures and processes prey with its oral jaws. During feeding on three prey that differed in hardness and elusiveness, three distinct patterns of behavior could be identified on the basis of patterns of muscle activity: prey capture, buccal manipulation and blowing. During prey capture by suction feeding, the retractor arcus palatini muscle (RAP) commenced activity before the levator operculi muscle (LOP). In both buccal manipulation and blowing, the RAP began activity well after the onset of activity in the LOP. Both prey capture and buccal manipulation motor patterns varied when fish fed on different prey. When capturing hard-shelled and non-elusive prey, B. vetula did not employ suction feeding but, instead, the fish directly bit parts of its prey. The motor pattern exhibited during direct biting to capture prey was different from that during suction feeding, but was indistinguishable from the pattern seen during the repeated cycles of buccal manipulation. Harder prey elicited significantly longer bursts of activity in the jaw adductor muscles than did soft prey. In spite of the involvement of the oral jaws in virtually all stages of feeding, B. vetula shows levels of variation between patterns of behavior and types of prey characteristic of previously studied teleost fishes. Thus, the coupling of capture and processing behavior patterns in the repertoire of the oral jaws does not appear to constrain the behavioral versatility of this species.
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Huby, Alessia, Aurélien Lowie, Anthony Herrel, Régis Vigouroux, Bruno Frédérich, Xavier Raick, Gregório Kurchevski, Alexandre Lima Godinho, and Eric Parmentier. "Functional diversity in biters: the evolutionary morphology of the oral jaw system in pacus, piranhas and relatives (Teleostei: Serrasalmidae)." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 127, no. 4 (May 8, 2019): 722–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blz048.
Abstract Serrasalmid fishes form a highly specialized group of biters that show a large trophic diversity, ranging from pacus able to crush seeds to piranhas capable of cutting flesh. Their oral jaw system has been hypothesized to be forceful, but variation in bite performance and morphology with respect to diet has not previously been investigated. We tested whether herbivorous species have higher bite forces, larger jaw muscles and more robust jaws than carnivorous species. We measured in vivo and theoretical bite forces in 27 serrasalmid species. We compared the size of the adductor mandibulae muscle, the jaw mechanical advantages, the type of jaw occlusion, and the size and shape of the lower jaw. We also examined the association between bite performance and functional morphological traits of the oral jaw system. Contrary to our predictions, carnivorous piranhas deliver stronger bites than their herbivorous counterparts. The size of the adductor mandibulae muscle varies with bite force and muscles are larger in carnivorous species. Our study highlights an underestimated level of functional morphological diversity in a fish group of exclusive biters. We provide evidence that the trophic specialization towards carnivory in piranhas results from changes in the configuration of the adductor mandibulae muscle and the lower jaw shape, which have major effects on bite performance and bite strategy.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jaws Muscles":
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Brinkworth, Russell Stewart Anglesey. "Response of the human jaw to mechanical stimulation of teeth." Access PDF text via HTML index, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/37934.
Animal experiments indicate that the main form of feedback for jaw-closing muscles is from periodontal mechanoreceptors (PMRs). However, due primarily to limitations on methods, this is yet to be confirmed in humans. The main aim of this thesis was to investigate the reflex contribution of PMRs to the human jaws using vertical (axial) stimulation. To this end the electromyographic and bite force responses of the jaw to a number of different mechanical stimulus conditions, delivered to both the upper central incisors and the upper right first molars, were investigated. The principal hypothesis was that PMRs are responsible for the majority of the reflex responses seen in the human jaw muscles. Furthermore this reflex response is modulated by different characteristics of the stimulus such as: rate of rise, maximum force applied, the amount of constant offset force (preload), the level of muscle contraction and also the physical characteristics of the subject's jaw including: dental health and tooth spacing. These studies have contributed towards the understanding of the neuronal wiring and the receptor systems contained in the jaw. The results indicate that PMRs around the incisors are of fundamental importance for the development of reflex patterns but little if any PMR related reflexes exist around the molar teeth. The reflexes originating from the PMRs around the incisors are modulated by different mechanical characteristics of the stimulus, thus helping to explain how the jaw muscles perform numerous and complex patterns of activation which move the jaw in many different ways and develop forces that are optimum for the task at hand. Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Molecular & Biomedical Science, 2004.
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Yang, Jun. "Reflex control of human jaw muscles by periodontal mechanoreceptors." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1999. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phy219.pdf.
Copies of author's previously published articles inserted. Bibliography: leaves 169-219. Describes experiments to determine what factors affect the outcome of the reflex response of the jaw closing muscles to peridontal mechanoreceptive stimulus. The reflex responses of the human masseter were investigated by applying force using different stimulus profiles. It was shown that when the force profile had little or no fast component, the likelehood of eliciting an exitatory peridontal masseteric reflex increased. It is concluded that the shape of the stimulus profile, the location of the stimulating probe and the presence of preload are the main factors that determine the exitatory reflex response of the jaw closing muscles.
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Grykuliak, Glenna M. "Electroymyographic data and post-exercise pain in female muscle pain and control subjects after experimental chewing." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape17/PQDD_0002/MQ34370.pdf.
Pearce, Sophie. "Motor cortical control of human jaw muscles : a thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Physiology, the University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09php3595.pdf.
This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au
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Sae-Lee, Daraporn. "Effects Of Experimentally Induced Jaw Muscle Pain On Jaw Muscle Activity And Jaw Movement During Standardized Jaw Tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4969.
Huang, Bor-Yuan. "The influence of an occlusal alteration on the working-side condylar movement and the activity of the jaw muscles during defined lateral jaw movements." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4837.
Holliday, Casey M. "Evolution and function of the jaw musculature and adductor chamber of archosaurs (crocodilians, dinosaurs, and birds)." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1147280827.
Moura, Ferreira Polyana. "Reorganization of jaw muscle activity during experimental jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18255.
Background and Aims: Temporomandibular disorders are clinical conditions that often involve pain in the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular jaw joint and/or associated structures. The association between muscle pain and muscle activity is often explained by uniform increases or decreases in motor unit activity throughout a muscle but recent evidence suggests more complex changes within a painful muscle. The general aim of this study was to determine if experimentally induced masseter muscle pain modifies temporalis muscle activity. Methods: 20 healthy participants received experimental pain through hypertonic saline (5% NaCl) infusion into the right masseter; pain intensity was maintained at 40-60/100 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Standardized biting tasks were performed with an intraoral force transducer while single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded from 2 intramuscular electrodes (right masseter and right temporalis). The tasks were repeated in 4 blocks: baseline 1, hypertonic saline infusion, isotonic saline infusion, baseline 2. Each block had 3 isometric biting tasks: a slow and a fast ramp jaw closing task and a 2 step-levels jaw closing task (2 force levels: step 1 and step 2). Results: 83 SMUs were discriminated from the temporalis and 58 from the masseter muscle. This study demonstrated that induced muscle pain in the right masseter can be associated with the activation of new SMUs and the silencing of other single motor units in the painful masseter muscle as well as in the right temporalis muscle, which did not receive noxious stimulation with the hypertonic saline. No differences between pain and no pain trials were found in thresholds and firing rates of SMUs from the temporalis muscle. Discussion and conclusion: The present findings are consistent with previous findings from the limb (Hodges and Tucker 2011; Tucker et al. 2009) and rather than supporting uniform increases or decreases in motor unit activity throughout a muscle, suggest that there is a reorganization of motor unit activity across the entire jaw motor system in experimental pain.
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Wessel, Tim van. "Daily activity of developing jaw muscles." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2006. http://dare.uva.nl/document/19281.
Ziermann, Janine M., Raul E. Diaz Jr, and Rui Diogo, eds. Heads, Jaws, and Muscles. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7.
(1994), Osaka International Oral Physiology Symposium on Brain and Oral Function. Brain and oral functions: Oral motor function an dysfunction : selected papers from the Osaka International Oral Physiology Symposium on Brain and Oral Function, Osaka, 3-5 September 1994. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1995.
Sectakof, Pavel A. Effects of functional appliances on functional activities of jaw muscles in Macaca Fascicularis. [Toronto: Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto], 1990.
Sectakof, Pavel A. The effects of functional appliances on functional activities of jaw muscles in Macaca fascicularis. Ottawa: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1992.
John, Verity Jayne. The time course of naloxone-induced recurrence of mustard oil-evoked jaw muscle electromyographic activity. Ottawa: National Library of Canada, 1998.
Tsai, Chih-Mong. Central neural pathways involved in craniofacial nociceptive reflex responses evoked in jaw muscles by mustard oil injection into the temporomandibular joint region. [Toronto: University of Toronto, Faculty of Dentistry], 1997.
Ziermann, Janine M., and Rui Diogo. "Evolution of Chordate Cardiopharyngeal Muscles and the Origin of Vertebrate Head Muscles." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 1–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_1.
Smith-Paredes, Daniel, and Bhart-Anjan S. Bhullar. "The Skull and Head Muscles of Archosauria." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 229–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_10.
Diogo, Rui, and Vance Powell. "The Origin and Evolution of Mammalian Head Muscles with Special Emphasis on the Facial Myology of Primates and Modern Humans." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 253–93. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_11.
Ziermann, Janine M., Raul E. Diaz, and Rui Diogo. "Correction to: Heads, Jaws, and Muscles." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, C1—C2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_12.
Johanson, Zerina, Catherine A. Boisvert, and Kate Trinajstic. "Early Vertebrates and the Emergence of Jaws." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 23–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_2.
Ziermann, Janine M. "Cranium, Cephalic Muscles, and Homologies in Cyclostomes." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 45–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_3.
Boisvert, Catherine A., Peter Johnston, Kate Trinajstic, and Zerina Johanson. "Chondrichthyan Evolution, Diversity, and Senses." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 65–91. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_4.
Huby, Alessia, and Eric Parmentier. "Actinopterygians: Head, Jaws and Muscles." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 93–117. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_5.
Clement, Alice M. "Sarcopterygian Fishes, the “Lobe-Fins”." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 119–42. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_6.
Ziermann, Janine M. "Diversity of Heads, Jaws, and Cephalic Muscles in Amphibians." In Heads, Jaws, and Muscles, 143–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-93560-7_7.
Del Signore, Michael J., Rajankumar M. Bhatt, and Venkat Krovi. "A Screw-Theoretic Analysis Framework for Musculoskeletal Systems." In ASME 2006 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2006-99248.
In this paper, we examine the development of a framework for musculoskeletal system analysis, leveraging screw-theoretic techniques traditionally employed for the analysis of articulated multi-body systems (MBS). The case study of analysis of bite-and muscle-forces in the jaws of members of the felid (cat) family is intended to highlight the critical aspects. The underlying articulated structure and superimposed musculature of the felid jaws permit modeling as a parallel articulated MBS. Specifically, such systems share many common features with the subclass of cable actuated parallel MBS, including redundancy in actuation and unidirectional nature of actuation forces. The screw-theoretic model formulation is intended to enable development of a computationally efficient scheme for resolving such redundancy while retaining explicit geometric meaning in terms of lines of action, motions, and forces. The resulting low-order computational model is well suited for iterative “what-if” force optimization and muscle location studies. A MATLAB based GUI was developed and validated to help the user implement such iterative simulation-based muscle location studies in simulation or on a Hardware-in-the-Loop test-bed.
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Neal, Devin, Mahmut Selman Sakar, and H. Harry Asada. "Distributed Live Muscle Actuators Controlled by Optical Stimuli." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14851.
A multi degree of freedom skeletal muscle system stimulated via optical control is presented. These millimeter-scale, optically excitable 3D skeletal muscle bio-actuators are created by culturing genetically modified precursory muscle cells that are activated with light: optogenetics. These muscle bio-actuators are networked together to create a distributed muscle system. Muscle systems can manipulate loads having no fixed joint. These types of loads include shoulders, the mouth, and the jaw.
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Dryden, Alec, Brianna Huhmann, Oscar Martin-Garcia, and Shawn Duan. "A Model and Vibrational Analysis of a Dolphin’s Acoustic System." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-10806.
Abstract In this paper, a vibrational model of a dolphin’s acoustic system is presented. The working mechanism encompasses the dolphin’s lungs and nasal passage which hosts air pockets, the phonic lips, anterior and posterior bursae, the melon, lower jaw, and the brain. However, this study’s components of interest were the phonic lips, anterior bursa, and the surrounding muscle tissues. The phonic lips were modeled as rigid plates, surrounding muscles were modeled as springs, and the bursa was modeled as a damper. The chosen mechanical elements produced an underdamped system. There were two cases considered: a system in which the dolphin produces one click and a system in which the dolphin produces a series of clicks, called a click train. The former case is produced when the posterior phonic lip quickly and suddenly impacts the anterior phonic lip. Therefore, this was modeled as an impulse input. The latter case is produced when the posterior and anterior lip periodically engage one another. This was modeled as a sawtooth input. Using commercial computer software, a total of four different scenarios were considered, a healthy dolphin scenario and sick dolphin scenario for each input type.
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Wojnicz, Wiktoria, Izabela Lubowiecka, Agnieszka Tomaszewska, Katarzyna Szepietowska, and Pawel Bielski. "Jaw biomechanics: Estimation of activity of muscles acting at the temporomandibular joint." In COMPUTATIONAL TECHNOLOGIES IN ENGINEERING (TKI’2018): Proceedings of the 15th Conference on Computational Technologies in Engineering. Author(s), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5092108.
Palumbo, A., M. Farella, S. Avecone, C. Pace, and G. Cocorullo. "A system for simultaneous signals acquisition of EMG activity, bite force, and muscle pain, reveals the rotation of synergistic activity in the human jaw elevator muscles." In 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2007.379435.
"Electrical Stimulation System to Relax the Jaw Elevation Muscles in People with Nocturnal Bruxism." In International Conference on Biomedical Electronics and Devices. SCITEPRESS - Science and and Technology Publications, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0004915402780282.
Yang, Yang, Yifan Hu, Haolin Tang, Su Zhang, and Ling He. "Image-based biomechanical relationship estimation between maximum jaw opening and masticatory muscle activities." In 2017 2nd International Conference on Image, Vision and Computing (ICIVC). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icivc.2017.7984640.
Xiong, Marley, Anna Brandenberger, Miasya Bulger, William Chien, Andrew Doyle, Winda Hao, Jennifer Jiang, et al. "A Low-Cost, Semi-Autonomous Wheelchair Controlled by Motor Imagery and Jaw Muscle Activation." In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics (SMC). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smc.2019.8914544.
Saragih, H. T. S. S. G., R. T. Utomo, A. B. I. Perdamaian, U. E. Puspita, I. Lesmana, H. Arijuddin, Y. Erwanto, and B. S. Daryono. "The effect of early posthatch local feed in pectoralis muscle of Jawa Super chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus)." In TECHNOLOGIES AND MATERIALS FOR RENEWABLE ENERGY, ENVIRONMENT AND SUSTAINABILITY: TMREES. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4958564.
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