Relevant bibliographies by topics / Jaw muscle pain

Academic literature on the topic 'Jaw muscle pain'

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Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 21 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Jaw muscle pain"

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Sae-Lee, Daraporn, Kamal Wanigaratne, Terry Whittle, Christopher C. Peck, and Greg M. Murray. "A method for studying jaw muscle activity during standardized jaw movements under experimental jaw muscle pain." Journal of Neuroscience Methods 157, no. 2 (October 2006): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneumeth.2006.05.005.

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Akhter, Rahena, Janet Benson, Peter Svensson, Michael K. Nicholas, Christopher C. Peck, and Greg M. Murray. "Experimental Jaw Muscle Pain Increases Pain Scores and Jaw Movement Variability in Higher Pain Catastrophizers." Journal of Oral & Facial Pain and Headache 28, no. 3 (June 2014): 191–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.11607/ofph.1211.

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Clark, G. T., R. W. Jow, and J. J. Lee. "Jaw Pain and Stiffness Levels After Repeated Maximum Voluntary Clenching." Journal of Dental Research 68, no. 1 (January 1989): 69–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345890680011101.

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Ten normal male volunteers performed six maximum voluntary isometric jaw-closing muscle contractions within an 80-minute experimental period. Each individual contraction was sustained until maximum pain tolerance was reached. Before and one, two, three, and seven days after the experiment, the following measures were made: (1) superficial masseter and anterior temporalis muscle tenderness (pain threshold), (2) jaw movement (opening and lateral excursion), and (3) current pain level for the right and left sides of the jaw. In this study, measures of current jaw pain, muscle pain threshold, maximum active opening, and maximum lateral excursions showed no significant post-experimental changes. These results challenge the idea that sustained isometric clenching in healthy male subjects could be used as a model for chronic or even subacute muscle pain, as has been suggested by previous investigators.
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Koutris, M., F. Lobbezoo, M. Naeije, K. Wang, P. Svensson, L. Arendt-Nielsen, and D. Farina. "Effects of Intense Chewing Exercises on the Masticatory Sensory-Motor System." Journal of Dental Research 88, no. 7 (July 2009): 658–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034509338573.

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Nociceptive substances, injected into the masseter muscle, induce pain and facilitate the jaw-stretch reflex. It is hypothesized that intense chewing would provoke similar effects. Fourteen men performed 20 bouts of 5-minute chewing. After each bout, 20 min and 24 hrs after the exercise, muscle fatigue and pain scores and the normalized reflex amplitude from the left masseter muscle were recorded. Before, 20 min, and 24 hrs after the exercise, signs of temporomandibular disorders and pressure-pain thresholds of the masticatory muscles were also recorded. Fatigue and pain scores had increased during the exercise (P < 0.001), but the reflex amplitude did not (P = 0.123). Twenty minutes after the exercises, 12 participants showed signs of myofascial pain or arthralgia. Pressure-pain thresholds were decreased after 20 min (P = 0.009) and 24 hrs (P = 0.049). Intense chewing can induce fatigue, pain, and decreased pressure-pain thresholds in the masticatory muscles, without concomitant changes in the jaw-stretch reflex amplitude.
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D’Attilio, Michele, Beatrice Di Carlo, Francesco Caroccia, Francesco Moscagiuri, Debora Mariarita d’Angelo, Francesco Chiarelli, Felice Festa, and Luciana Breda. "Clinical and Instrumental TMJ Evaluation in Children and Adolescents with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Case—Control Study." Applied Sciences 11, no. 12 (June 10, 2021): 5380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11125380.

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To investigate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) involvement signs such as muscle pain, the ratio of masseter and temporal muscle activity, mouth opening width and jaw deviation during mouth opening in children and adolescents with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), a group of 32 subjects with JIA and a control group of 32 healthy subjects were evaluated. Data were collected clinically by muscle palpation (masseters, anterior temporalis and sternocleidomastoids) and instrumental analysis (electromyography and kinesiography). Higher pain was registered in the masseter and sternocleidomastoid muscles on both sides and in the right anterior temporalis in the JIA group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Electromyography showed no statistically significant difference in the frequency of the pathological ratio of masseter and temporal muscle activity (MM/TA < 1) both in the JIA group and in the control group. Kinesiography showed a statistically significant difference in mouth opening width and jaw deviation during mouth opening between the groups (p < 0.05): JIA subjects showed lower mouth opening values and wider deviation on mouth opening; 29 out of 32 JIA subjects showed jaw deviation towards the right side. JIA affects the TMJ, causing myalgia in the head and neck muscles, a reduction in mouth opening width and an increase in jaw deviation during mouth opening.
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Yachida, W., E. E. Castrillon, L. Baad-Hansen, R. Jensen, T. Arima, A. Tomonaga, N. Ohata, and P. Svensson. "Craniofacial Pain and Jaw-muscle Activity during Sleep." Journal of Dental Research 91, no. 6 (April 18, 2012): 562–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022034512446340.

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Stohler, Christian S., Xin Zhang, and James P. Lund. "The effect of experimental jaw muscle pain on postural muscle activity." Pain 66, no. 2 (August 1996): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-3959(96)03026-6.

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Wang, K., B. J. Sessle, P. Svensson, and L. Arendt-Nielsen. "Glutamate evoked neck and jaw muscle pain facilitate the human jaw stretch reflex." Clinical Neurophysiology 115, no. 6 (June 2004): 1288–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clinph.2004.01.006.

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MOBILIO, N., and S. CATAPANO. "Effect of experimental jaw muscle pain on occlusal contacts." Journal of Oral Rehabilitation 38, no. 6 (November 5, 2010): 404–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2010.02173.x.

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Wiesinger, B., B. Häggman-Henrikson, F. Hellström, and A. Wänman. "Experimental masseter muscle pain alters jaw-neck motor strategy." European Journal of Pain 17, no. 7 (December 14, 2012): 995–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1532-2149.2012.00263.x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Jaw muscle pain"

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Moura, Ferreira Polyana. "Reorganization of jaw muscle activity during experimental jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/18255.

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Background and Aims: Temporomandibular disorders are clinical conditions that often involve pain in the masticatory muscles, the temporomandibular jaw joint and/or associated structures. The association between muscle pain and muscle activity is often explained by uniform increases or decreases in motor unit activity throughout a muscle but recent evidence suggests more complex changes within a painful muscle. The general aim of this study was to determine if experimentally induced masseter muscle pain modifies temporalis muscle activity. Methods: 20 healthy participants received experimental pain through hypertonic saline (5% NaCl) infusion into the right masseter; pain intensity was maintained at 40-60/100 mm on a visual analogue scale (VAS). Standardized biting tasks were performed with an intraoral force transducer while single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded from 2 intramuscular electrodes (right masseter and right temporalis). The tasks were repeated in 4 blocks: baseline 1, hypertonic saline infusion, isotonic saline infusion, baseline 2. Each block had 3 isometric biting tasks: a slow and a fast ramp jaw closing task and a 2 step-levels jaw closing task (2 force levels: step 1 and step 2). Results: 83 SMUs were discriminated from the temporalis and 58 from the masseter muscle. This study demonstrated that induced muscle pain in the right masseter can be associated with the activation of new SMUs and the silencing of other single motor units in the painful masseter muscle as well as in the right temporalis muscle, which did not receive noxious stimulation with the hypertonic saline. No differences between pain and no pain trials were found in thresholds and firing rates of SMUs from the temporalis muscle. Discussion and conclusion: The present findings are consistent with previous findings from the limb (Hodges and Tucker 2011; Tucker et al. 2009) and rather than supporting uniform increases or decreases in motor unit activity throughout a muscle, suggest that there is a reorganization of motor unit activity across the entire jaw motor system in experimental pain.
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Sae-Lee, Daraporn. "Effects Of Experimentally Induced Jaw Muscle Pain On Jaw Muscle Activity And Jaw Movement During Standardized Jaw Tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4969.

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Whittle, Terry Evelyn. "The psychophysiological effects of stress in chronic jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/12461.

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Chronic jaw muscle pain is the most commonly diagnosed condition in temporomandibular disorders with 10.1% of the Australian population displaying symptoms. The present study proposed to investigate the effect of biological and behavioural responses to different stressors on the function of jaw muscles of participants with chronic jaw muscle pain through two experiments. In the first experiment, two chronic pain groups and a pain free group identified stressful daily events (daily hassles) for frequency and severity. Significant difference between the groups was shown for severity but not frequency with highest scores relating to health daily hassles. The second study assessed the effect of two stressors on jaw movement and muscle activity in chronic jaw muscle pain participants compared to controls. All participants undertook open/close jaw movements, free gum and standardised gum chewing movements. No significant difference between the groups was reported for movement amplitude and velocity of the jaw movements after the stressors. Of the five jaw muscles recorded during movement only one was significantly different between the groups after the stressors. Grouped data from all participants showed a significant effect of stressor for most of the jaw movement parameters and for jaw muscle activity across various muscles and stressors. Differences in the current study compared to previous studies may be that the chronic jaw muscle pain group were not dissimilar to the control group although clinically diagnosed as TMD and reporting jaw muscle pain throughout the experiment. The results do not support the current jaw muscle pain or stress models although the data are consistent with pain leading to a redistribution of motor unit activation within and between muscles. The results of the current study have identified inconsistencies with previous studies and highlighted the complex interrelationship between pain and stress that need further exploration.
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." University of Sydney. Prosthetic Dentistry, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.

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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An Investigation Of The Association Between Toxin-Producing Staphylococcus Biochemical Changes And Jaw Muscle Pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4697.

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Doctor of Philosophy
This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An Investigation Of The Association Between Toxin-Producing Staphylococcus Biochemical Changes And Jaw Muscle Pain." University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4697.

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Doctor of Philosophy
This work was digitised and made available on open access by the University of Sydney, Faculty of Dentistry and Sydney eScholarship . It may only be used for the purposes of research and study. Where possible, the Faculty will try to notify the author of this work. If you have any inquiries or issues regarding this work being made available please contact the Sydney eScholarship Repository Coordinator - ses@library.usyd.edu.au
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McGregor, Neil Roland. "An investigation of the association between toxin producing staphylococcus, biochemical changes and jaw muscle pain." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/369.

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Objectives: To assess the expression of the symptoms of jaw muscle pain and its association with alterations in biochemistry, other symptoms and the carriage of staphylococci. Methods: Three different study populations were assessed. The first was selected and examined by the author and consisted of 43 pain and 41 age and sex matched controls. The second was a study of CFS patients who were blinded to the author and the author subsequently examined the associations between jaw muscle symptom reporting and the standardised biochemistry measures. The third study was also blinded to the author but included an investigation of staphylococci and certain cytokine and biochemistry measures. Results: The three studies clearly establish an association between the carriage of toxicogenic coagulase negative staphylococci and the expression of jaw muscle pain in both males and females. These associations were homogeneous and were found whether the patients were selected on the basis of having jaw muscle pain or selected from within a population of patients selected on the basis of having Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. The studies associated the changes with variations in biochemistry and these were in turn associated with symptom expression within the jaw muscle pain patients. These biochemical alterations included the dysregulation of immune cell counts, cytokines, electrolyte and protein metabolism. These symptoms and biochemical changes were associated with pain severity and illness duration and staphylococcal toxin production. From the data a model was developed which shows the mechanisms involved in the development of chronic pain in the jaw muscles. Conclusions: The carriage of toxicogenic coagulase-negative staphylococci were found to be associated with the expression of jaw muscle pain and the alterations in biochemistry associated with these symptoms.
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Atassi, Mounir. "Mechanical monitoring of inhibitory jaw reflexes in health and simulated dysfunction." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2014. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/abca297e-8951-447b-8c9e-0bb529d211a9.

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Objectives: Previous studies in the Oral Neurophysiology Laboratories in Dundee have defined the electromyographic properties of the inhibitory jaw reflex that can be evoked in human subjects by electrical stimulation of the lip. This reflex, in contrast with the more widely studied biphasic inhibitory reflexes evoked by stimulation of intra-oral nerves, consists of just a single phase of inhibition and usually requires the application of stimuli which excite nociceptive nerves. The aims of the present studies were to define the mechanical manifestations of this reflex in the form of changes in biting forces, and to investigate whether the mechanical manifestation of the inhibitory jaw reflex evoked by stimulation of the human upper lip, can be modulated by experimentally-controlled conditions that mimic symptoms of a myogenous temporomandibular disorder. Methods: Three series of experiments were performed on 49 volunteer subjects in total. The experiments involved recording bite forces between the anterior teeth and electromyograms (EMGs) from the masseter muscles. Transcutaneous electrical stimuli were applied to the hairy skin of upper lip while the subjects maintained a biting force of around 50N with the aid of visual feedback. In the first series of experiments, a range of electrical stimuli below and above the nociceptive threshold was delivered. In the second set of experiments, double stimuli with a range of different inter-stimulus intervals were applied. Finally in a third series of experiments, electrical stimulation was repeated before, immediately after, and 5 and 10 minutes following a 3-minute accelerated chewing task. This task consisted of chewing 1.5g of a tough chewing gum at 1.5 times the subject’s natural chewing rate and in 18 cases, muscle fatigue and/or pain were reported by the subjects. Results: Following stimulation at intensities that were described as sharp or painful, all the subjects showed both a suppression of the masseter EMG and a reduction of biting force. When analysing the maximum responses in each subject, the mean reduction in the EMG inhibition was to 15.78 ± 14.4% and 10.39 ± 7.92% of the baseline (for the ipsi- and contra-lateral EMGs respectively), whereas the biting force was reduced only to 83.98 ± 11.04% of baseline (+ S.D.). The latencies of onset of these responses were: 38.17 ± 3.58ms, 38.97 ± 4.49ms and 51.83 ± 6.23ms respectively. The response observed in the force record was weaker than in that observed in either EMG (Paired t tests, P < 0.005 in both cases). When applying double stimuli, it was found that the prolongation of the EMG inhibitory jaw reflex (to 144.70 ± 46.93% of the control level) evoked by double stimulation of the upper lip (with a 10 ms inter-stimulus interval) resulted in a greater increase in the depth of the accompanied relaxation (to 223.63 ± 70.88% of that seen in the control responses) compared to a relatively smaller increase in the duration of the relaxation (to 128.32 ± 27.23% of that seen in the control responses). Following the accelerated chewing task, 17 out of 22 subjects reported pain and/or fatigue in one or both of the masseter muscles. The integral for the bite force relaxation significantly decreased in size immediately following the conditioning procedure (to 76.04 ± 35.63% of the control level, P = 0.014; single sample t-test with Bonferroni correction, test value 100). Conclusion: The inhibitory jaw reflex evoked by stimulation of the human lip can be demonstrated mechanically as well as electromyographically although the mechanical version of the response appears less marked. In addition to that, the onset of reflex relaxation in bite force lags several milliseconds behind the corresponding reductions in electromyographic activity. The depth of force relaxation can be increased by increasing the duration of EMG recorded inhibitory reflex. Finally, the results from a chewing task suggest that induced acute pain and/or fatigue cause clear changes in the mechanical manifestation of this inhibitory jaw reflex.
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Malik, Bushra. "The effect of noxious stimulation of the right masseter muscle on single motor unit activity at two sites in the masseter muscle during standardized jaw closing tasks." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15573.

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Background and aims: The Pain Adaptation Model and the Vicious Cycle Theory are older theories of the effects of pain on motor activity. While some data sets are consistent with these theories, other data sets are not, and a number of new models (the Integrated Pain Adaptation Model; Theory of Motor Adaptation to Pain) have been proposed. Two of these models propose a reorganization of motor activity in pain. The aim of the present study was to determine whether experimental masseter muscle pain resulted in a change in muscle activity at two different sites within the masseter muscle during the performance of isometric jaw-closing tasks in asymptomatic participants. Methods: Single motor unit (SMU) activity was recorded with bipolar fine wire electrodes at 2 sites within the right masseter muscle during the performance of standardized isometric biting on an intraoral force transducer in 17 healthy participants. Participants performed standardized biting trials during infusion of 5% hypertonic saline into the right masseter (pain), and during isotonic saline infusion (control). Recruitment patterns, force thresholds and firing rates were compared between pain and control trials. Results: A total of 50 SMUs were discriminated from the 2 sites. Changes in recruitment patterns of SMUs at one site within the masseter muscle during pain in comparison with control was observed during the tasks and some of these changes were different to the changes occurring at the other site. There were no changes in thresholds of SMU firing nor in SMU firing rates between pain and control trials. Inter-individual variability in the motor response to pain was observed at the two different sites of the masseter. Discussion and Conclusions: In general, the data are not consistent with the earlier models of pain-motor interactions, but provide support for more recent models proposing a re-organization of motor activity in the presence of pain.
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Athanassiadis, Tuija. "Neural circuits engaged in mastication and orofacial nociception." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Integrative Medical Biology, Umeå university, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-26342.

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Books on the topic "Jaw muscle pain"

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Zeller, Ranee. How To : Kinesiology? Relieve Jaw Pain and Speech Difficulties: Kinesiology Muscle Monitoring. Independently Published, 2019.

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Iven, Klineberg, Sessle Barry J. 1941-, International Union of Physiological Sciences. International Commission on Oral Physiology., International Association for Dental Research. Neuroscience Group., Australian Society of Prosthodontists, and International Symposium on "Oro-Facial Pain and Neuromuscular Dysfunction: Mechanisms and Clinical Correlates" (1983 : Sydney, N.S.W.), eds. Oro-facial pain and neuromuscular dysfunction: Mechanisms and clinical correlates. Oxford: Pergamon Press, 1985.

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Grandhe, Radhika P., Matthew Valeriano, and Dmitri Souza. Mechanical Chronic Jaw Pain. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190271787.003.0003.

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Mechanical jaw pain and temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorders are the most common causes of nondental orofacial pain. The pain can originate from the joint structures or from the muscles of mastication. Diagnosis is based predominantly on the clinical history and exam findings, but imaging is indicated in certain circumstances. Secondary causes of chronic jaw pain must be sought out and meticulously ruled out. Patients presenting with TMJ pain have a high prevalence of fibromyalgia and other chronic pain conditions. Multidisciplinary treatment involving medications, minimizing parafunctional habits, oral splints, physical therapy, psychotherapy, and injections forms the cornerstone of management of this complex condition. Surgery is indicated in select conditions, such as ankylosis of the joint or tumors.
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Book chapters on the topic "Jaw muscle pain"

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Cruccu, Giorgio. "Jaw-Muscle Silent Periods (Exteroceptive Suppression)." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1687–90. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_2076.

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"Experimental Jaw Muscle Pain." In Encyclopedia of Pain, 1234–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-28753-4_200766.

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Wallace, Daniel J., and Janice Brock Wallace. "What are the Regional and Localized Forms of Fibromyalgia?" In All About Fibromyalgia. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195147537.003.0020.

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The definition of fibromyalgia includes widespread pain in all four quadrants (areas) of the body. What happens when you have fibromyalgia-like pain located in only one or two quadrants of the body? Limited forms of the syndrome have distinct features and terms used to describe them. Myofascial pain syndrome encompasses many regional pain conditions ranging from temporomandibular joint dysfunction in the jaw to a low back pain syndrome. The diagnosis of myofascial pain syndrome requires that at least one trigger point be present and that, when it is pressed, pain is referred to another site. This chapter will review regional myofascial pain, relate it to fibromyalgia pain pathways, and discuss its management and prognosis. Our current concepts of tender points, trigger points, and regional pain amplification were developed by two of the best-known physical medicine thinkers, Janet Travell and David Simons. Beginning in the early 1940s, Dr. Travell became well known as John F. Kennedy’s physician, who nursed him back to health in the 1950s when back pain restricted his ability to walk. Later, she became Lyndon Johnson’s White House physician. Travell and Simon’s textbook on myofascial pain remains a classic and was updated by them as recently as 1992. Dr. Travell (who died in 1997 at the age of 95) and Dr. Simons formed close working relationships with rheumatologists, and their influence permeates every fibromyalgia study relating to tender points and regional pain. Neurologists, neurosurgeons, and orthopedists diagnosed and treated localized muscle and nerve pain long before there were rheumatologists. At about the same time that rheumatologists were becoming recognized and organized into a certifiable subspecialty, an equally small group of doctors were organizing themselves into a specialty known as physical medicine and rehabilitation. These doctors (who call themselves physiatrists) do not perform surgery, are not internists or family physicians, and do not manage autoimmune diseases. They concern themselves with areas not addressed by rheumatologists such as stroke, cardiac, and spinal cord injury rehabilitation. Physical medicine doctors usually practice in a hospital or hospital-like environment and work closely on a daily basis with physical therapists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, social workers, psychologists, and other allied health professionals.
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Katbeh, Imad, Mohammad Osama Makkeiah, Tamara Kosyreva, and Lada Saneeva. "Gummy Smile and Treatment with Botulinum Toxin Type A (Botox)." In Botulinum Toxin - Recent Topics and Applications [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102341.

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A smile plays an important role in determining a person’s initial impression, and its assessment has become integral to clinical evaluation. A smile with an esthetic appearance should be symmetrical and should reveal less than 2 mm of gums when smiling. A gingival smile, gummy smile, or high smile line, is defined as the number of excess gums on the upper jaw exposed. This may have some serious psychological repercussions on the patient, which may sometimes lead them to conceal their smile to avoid “embarrassment.” One of the most common methods of treating a gingival smile resulting from an overactive lip is lip reposition as a surgical procedure and the injection of type A (Botox) toxin as an injectable inhibitor of muscle action. However, many patients refrain from surgical treatment because of fear of complications and pain. In this case, injections of botulinum toxin group A are an excellent alternative to surgery. The injection of botulinum toxin takes less time and with the correct dosage and compliance with the protocol of its administration causes much fewer complications. The study presented here is devoted to the disclosure of the potential of this tool in esthetic dentistry.
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Wallace, Daniel J., and Janice Brock Wallace. "Tingles, Shocks, Wires, and Neurologic Complaints." In All About Fibromyalgia. Oxford University Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195147537.003.0017.

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Even though headaches, sleep disorders, cognitive impairment, burning, numbness, and tingling are potentially debilitating features of fibromyalgia, very few patients first consult a neurologist when they develop what turn out to be fibromyalgia symptoms. It has become apparent that the central, peripheral, and autonomic nervous systems play a more important role in fibromyalgia than was previously thought. This section will focus on these complaints and what causes them. Colleen had a splitting headache. Her temples were throbbing, and she could barely concentrate. When Dr. Smith prescribed Fiorinal, not only did the headache disappear but some discomfort in her upper and lower back that she had never bothered to complain about did also. Over the next few months, Colleen needed Fiorinal almost daily. Whenever she stopped taking it, the headaches returned with a vengeance. Dr. Smith referred her to a neurologist, who diagnosed Colleen as having fibromyalgia with associated “muscular contraction tension headaches.” Colleen was told that the caffeine and barbiturate in Fiorinal helped her headaches in the short term but that continuous use resulted in “rebound” headaches from aspirin, caffeine, and barbiturate withdrawal. The neurologist stopped all her medication and helped Colleen “ride out” the withdrawal. She prescribed amitriptyline (Elavil) at bedtime for headache protection, and Colleen is now much improved. Most fibromyalgia patients complain of recurrent headaches. These headaches usually are one of two types: tension or migraine. Tension headaches are muscular contraction headaches. Patients describe these headaches as a dull “tight band around the head” similar to what they feel in other muscles of the body. A sustained muscle contraction can compress small vessels in the area. Tension headaches and migraines are often associated with low elevations of substance P levels and decreased serotonin levels, stress, and low cellular pH (a more acidic cellular environment). Tension headaches frequently involve the forehead, jaw, and temple areas. Occipital headaches, or pain in the upper part of the back of the neck, can be a type of tension headache and are associated with muscle spasm or stiffness. Osteoarthritis of the cervical spine can also cause occipital headaches.
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Kindler, Stefan, and Marike Bredow-Zeden. "Considering Depression and Anxiety as Risk Factors for Temporomandibular Joint Disorder." In Overlapping Pain and Psychiatric Syndromes, edited by Martin D. Cheatle, Simmie L. Foster, and Nicole K. Y. Tang, 152–59. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190248253.003.0011.

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Temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is a painful functional disorder of the temporomandibular joint, masticatory muscles, and associated musculoskeletal structures of the head and neck. TMD is a type of chronic pain and is widely used as a model for chronic pain. The etiology of TMD pain is multifactorial. Biological, behavioral, environmental, social, emotional, and cognitive factors can contribute to TMD. TMD can manifest with musculoskeletal facial pain complaints and with different forms of jaw dysfunction. Biobehavioral studies suggest an association between TMD pain and coexisting psychopathology, including depression and anxiety. This chapter presents practical clinical recommendations on how to treat patients with symptoms of depression, anxiety, and TMD pain. The authors underline the importance of considering depression and anxiety as risk factors for TMD.
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Emmett, Stevan R., Nicola Hill, and Federico Dajas-Bailador. "Anaesthetics." In Clinical Pharmacology for Prescribing. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199694938.003.0016.

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Anaesthesia is a state of reversible unconsciousness that comprises some or all of the ‘triad of anaesthesia’— hypnosis, analgesia, and muscle relaxation. Safe and ef­fective anaesthesia requires information of the drug’s potency at effector sites and knowledge of administration concentrations, as well as an understanding of the degree of noxious stimulus and how a patient’s physiology may modulate drug actions. Historically, the first compounds used as anaesthetics were diethyl ether, nitrous oxide, and chloroform. Diethyl ether was demonstrated to the wider medical commu­nity in 1846 by William Morton in the removal of a jaw lump from Gilbert Abbot, and the introduction of chloro­form followed within the year. It was noted by James Simpson, Professor of Obstetrics in Edinburgh in 1847, that chloroform was much more potent, but had a ten­dency to precipitate death in the anxious and could cause severe liver damage. This tendency demonstrates clearly that the depth of anaesthesia is critical. Too much cir­culating drug can lead to respiratory depression, cardiac arrhythmias, and death, while too little permits persistent consciousness, pain, and muscular spasm. This is of particular concern with regards to laryngospasm, which when combined with an unsecured airway can rapidly lead to hypoxia and death. Nowadays, death is incredibly rare, with signs of hypotension, tachy- , or bradycardia detected early and easily reversed by controlling drug dosage. The risk of drug- induced side effects when using anaesthetic drugs means that the depth of anaesthesia must be closely monitored. This is achieved subjectively with experience and training, in combination with ob­jective clinical assessment, such as pulse, BP, and mean alveolar concentration. See Table 8.1 for ideal properties of anaesthetic agents. There are many approaches to the application of gen­eral anaesthesia, and these depend on clinical situation, depth, and length of anaesthesia required, the type of sur­gical or interventional procedure to be undertaken and as­sociated patient risk factors. The stages of anaesthesia (outlined in Table 8.2) was a concept introduced at a time when induction was rou­tinely achieved through the use of inhalational anaes­thetics. More recently the use of IV induction agents has meant that transition between these stages is smoother, resulting in a rapid induction with minimal excitation responses, compared with inhalation agents. Inhalation agents also carry the risk of airway irritation.
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Farne, Hugo, Edward Norris-Cervetto, and James Warbrick-Smith. "Chest pain." In Oxford Cases in Medicine and Surgery. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198716228.003.0015.

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A good way to come up with a list of causes is to visualize the anatomy of the affected area and think of what could go wrong. Thus, in chest pain, there may be pathology of the heart, aorta, lungs, pulmonary vessels, oesophagus, stomach, thoracic nerves, thoracic muscles, or ribs. The main causes of acute chest pain in an individual aged over 60 include are listed in Figure 9.1. A younger patient is less likely to be suffering from diseases of old age, such as: • Acute coronary syndrome • Stable angina • Myopericarditis (usually post-infarction) • Thoracic aortic dissection • Thoracic aortic aneurysm A younger female patient on the combined oral contraceptive pill is more likely to be suffering from: • PE (the combined oral contraceptive pill is thrombogenic) • Pneumothorax (especially if tall and thin) • Cocaine-induced coronary spasm (still rare, but particularly unusual in older people). The following diagnoses require immediate management and should be kept in mind: • Acute coronary syndrome (unstable angina, or myocardial infarction (MI)) • Aortic dissection • Pneumothorax • PE • Boerhaave’s perforation The key features of each are listed below. 1 Features of acute coronary syndrome ■ History of sudden-onset, central, crushing chest pain radiating to either/both arms, neck or jaw, usually lasting a few minutes to half an hour (longer if there is ongoing infarction). Have a higher index of suspicion in those with a previous history of angina on exertion or MI and/or cardiovascular risk factors (smoking, hypertension, hypercholesterolaemia, diabetes mellitus, family history). ■ Signs of hypercholesterolaemia: cholesterol deposits in small skin lumps on the back of the hand or bony prominences like elbows (xanthomata), in creamy spots around the eyelids (xanthelasma), or a creamy ring around the cornea (arcus). Note that arcus is a normal finding in older people. ■ Signs of peripheral (atherosclerotic) vascular disease: weak pulses, peripheral cyanosis, cool peripheries, atrophic skin, ulcers, bruits on auscultation of carotids. ■ Signs of brady- or tachyarrhythmia. An arrhythmia is relevant for two reasons.
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Conference papers on the topic "Jaw muscle pain"

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Palumbo, A., M. Farella, S. Avecone, C. Pace, and G. Cocorullo. "A system for simultaneous signals acquisition of EMG activity, bite force, and muscle pain, reveals the rotation of synergistic activity in the human jaw elevator muscles." In 2007 IEEE Instrumentation & Measurement Technology Conference IMTC 2007. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/imtc.2007.379435.

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