Academic literature on the topic 'Java Est'

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Journal articles on the topic "Java Est"

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Franck, Manuelle. "Deux processus d’urbanisation à Java-Est en Indonésie." Cahiers de géographie du Québec 35, no. 96 (April 12, 2005): 513–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/022212ar.

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Java-Est, en Indonésie, est une province où le semis urbain est extrêmement dense. Deux facteurs sont particulièrement actifs dans les processus d'urbanisation de la province et responsables du développement d'une telle situation urbaine. L'implantation de grandes entreprises industrielles, qui débordent les limites des grandes villes le long des principaux axes de communication, est moteur d'urbanisation tant par la modification des comportements, des mentalités, que par les effets d'entraînement sur les activités économiques proprement dites et l'attraction géographique de la région. L'agriculture est aussi un puissant moteur d'urbanisation. L'exemple de circuits de commercialisation de produits agricoles montre comment la ville intervient dans ces circuits, en même temps qu'elle encadre et dessert le monde agricole.
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Forestier, Hubert. "L'assemblage industriel de Song Keplek, Java Est." Bulletin de l'Ecole française d'Extrême-Orient 86, no. 1 (1999): 129–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/befeo.1999.3409.

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Wowor, Daisy. "THE SPEAR LOBSTER, LINUPARUS SOMNIOSUS BERRY & GEORGE, 1972 (DECAPODA, PALINURIDAE) IN INDONESIA." Crustaceana 72, no. 7 (1999): 673–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854099503717.

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AbstractABSTRACT The spear lobster, Linuparus somniosus Berry & George, 1972 (Palinuridae), is here reported for the first time from relatively shallow waters off southern Java, Indonesia. This is only the second time that the species is recorded from Southeast Asia. Sexual dimorphism in the pereiopods is reported: those of males being more robust than those of females. Several other taxonomic characters are also discussed. Notes on the local fisheries for this species are provided. Linuparus somniosus Berry & George, 1972 (Palinuridae) est signale pour la premiere fois d'eaux relativement peu profondes au sud de Java (Indonesie); c'est la seconde fois seulement que l'espece est signalee du Sud-est de l'Asie. Le dimorphisme sexuel des pereiopodes est mentionne, ceux du male etant plus robustes que ceux de la femelle. D'autres caracteres taxonomiques sont aussi discutes. Des notes sur les pecheries locales de cette espece sont fournies.
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Parsons, Jeremy D., Eugen Buehler, and LaDeana Hillier. "DNA Sequence Chromatogram Browsing Using JAVA and CORBA." Genome Research 9, no. 3 (March 1, 1999): 277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.9.3.277.

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DNA sequence chromatograms (traces) are the primary data source for all large-scale genomic and expressed sequence tags (ESTs) sequencing projects. Access to the sequencing trace assists many later analyses, for example contig assembly and polymorphism detection, but obtaining and using traces is problematic. Traces are not collected and published centrally, they are much larger than the base calls derived from them, and viewing them requires the interactivity of a local graphical client with local data. To provide efficient global access to DNA traces, we developed a client/server system based on flexible Java components integrated into other applications including an applet for use in a WWW browser and a stand-alone trace viewer. Client/server interaction is facilitated by CORBA middleware which provides a well-defined interface, a naming service, and location independence.[The software is packaged as a Jar file available from the following URL: http://www.ebi.ac.uk/∼jparsons. Links to working examples of the trace viewers can be found athttp://corba.ebi.ac.uk/EST. All the Washington University mouse EST traces are available for browsing at the same URL.]
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Djatnika, Rachmat. "Les wakaf ou « biens de mainmorte » à Java-est : étude diachronique." Archipel 30, no. 1 (1985): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1985.2248.

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Harkantiningsih, Naniek. "Le site de Leran à Gresik, Java-Est. Étude archéologique préliminaire." Archipel 63, no. 1 (2002): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.2002.3694.

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Ingicco, T. "Les primates quaternaires de Song Terus (Java Est, Indonésie) : implications paléobiogéographiques et archéozoologiques pour l’Asie du Sud-Est." Bulletins et mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris 24, no. 3-4 (October 17, 2012): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13219-012-0067-1.

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SUGIARTO, TONY, and WASPODO TJIPTO SUBROTO. "PENGARUH INFRASTRUKTUR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN EKONOMI DI JAWA TIMUR." Jurnal Pendidikan Ekonomi (JUPE) 7, no. 1 (June 24, 2019): 31–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.26740/jupe.v7n1.p31-37.

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Abstrak Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh infrastruktur terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Jawa Timur. Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah PDRB di Jawa Timur periode 2007-2017. Teknik analisis yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis regresi linier berganda dengan menggunakan SPSS 23. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukan bahwa variabel Independen Infrastruktur Jalan, Jembatan, Listrik, Pendidikan dan Kesehatan tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di Jawa Timur, namun ada hubungan positif antara variabel Independen dengan pertumbuhan ekonomi di Jawa Timur dengan tingkat kepercayaan variabel jalan sebesar 0,737. Jembatan sebesar 0,567. Listrik sebesar 0,024. Pendidikan sebesar 1,104. Dan kesehatan sebesar 0,478. Sedangkan secara simultan variabel jalan, jembatan, listrik, pendidikan dan kesehatan tidak berpengaruh secara signifikan dan berhubungan positif terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi dengan nilai signifikan sebesar 3,174. Dengan nilai koefesien determinasi sebesar 0,760. Kata Kunci: Pengaruh Infrastruktur, Pertumbuhan Ekonomi Abstract The study aims to determine the effect of infrastructure on economic growth in Est Java. The sample in this study was GRDP in East Java for the period 2007-2017. The analysis technique used in this study is multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS 23. The results of this study indicate that the Independent variable of Road, Bridge, Electricity, Education and Health Infrastructure has no significant effect on economic growth in East Java, but there is a positive relationship between variables Independent of economic growth in East Java with a variable confidence level of 0.737. The bridge is 0.567. Electricity of 0.024. Education equal to 1,104. And health of 0.478. While simultaneously the variables of road, bridge, electricity, education and health did not significantly influence and positively related to economic growth with a significant value of 3.174. With the value of determination coefficient of 0.760. Keywords: Influence of Infrastructure, Economic Growth
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Franck, M. "Jember : du bourg de front pionnier au grand centre régional de Java-Est." Archipel 36, no. 1 (1988): 125–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/arch.1988.2448.

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Maurer, Jean-Luc. "L'Indonésie est plus vaste que Java: Origines, résultats et dangers d'un développement à deux vitesses." Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d'études du développement 14, no. 1 (January 1993): 33–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02255189.1993.9669497.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Java Est"

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Gallet, Xavier. "Dynamique de la sédimentation dans les grottes du karst de Punung (Pacitan, Java) : relations avec les occupations paléolithiques." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0011.

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Le karst de Punung (Pacitan, Java Est, Indonésie) est célèbre pour ses nombreuses cavités dont plusieurs d'entre elles ont livré un patrimoine archéologique important. La grotte de Song Terus est le siège de fouilles archéologiques qui ont livré, outre un assemblage archéologique, une importante séquence stratigraphique. L'existence de ce remplissage offrait pour la première fois un cadre sédimentaire bien conservé dans lequel les niveaux d'occupations humaines étaient bien identifiés. Ce site apparaissait donc comme une référence majeure et inédite pour l'établissement d'un cadre stratigraphique et géologique des occupations humaines de la région. Une étude géologique du site de Song Terus a permis de mettre en évidence les cinq grandes influences sédimentaires qui ont conduit à la mise en place des dépôts : la dynamique fluviatile, le transport éolien, l'impact volcanique, l'influence karstique et l'action anthropique. Ces grands phénomènes montrent la grande variabilité du processus sédimentaire dans le karst de Punung. Ces résultats nous ont également permis d'envisager des hypothèses climatiques liées à la sédimentation, d'établir des corrélations chronostratigraphiques entre le site de Song Terus et la grotte voisine de Goa Tabuhan et de reconstituer l'histoire géologique de la région. Ce travail apporte donc de nouvelles données sur la dynamique de la sédimentation en relations avec les occupations humaines dans le karst de Punung
The Punung karstic area (Pacitan, East Java, Indonesia) is well known for its numerous caves, some of them containing archaeological remains. Excavations in the Song Terus cave offers an important sedimentary filling beside archaeological remains. This section exploits first time a well preserved sedimentary background with human occupations in stratigraphical positions. The cave shows a new and major reference for proposing a stratigraphical and geological background to the humain occupations in this area. The geological study of the Song Terus cave pinpointed five major sedimentary processes : alluvials deposits, aeolian transport, volcanic impact, karstic activity and anthropic actions. These influences show the variability of sedimentary processes in the Punung karstic area. These results also arise climatic hypothesis, chronostratigraphic correlations between Song Terus and the nearby cave of Goa Tabuhan and a geological history of this area. This work gives new datas about the dynamic of sedimentation relating to human occupations in the Punung karstic area
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Ingicco, Thomas. "Les primates quaternaires de Song Terus (Java Est, Indonésie) : implications paléobiogéographiques et archéozoologiques pour l'Asie du Sud-Est." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MNHN0030.

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Les primates non-humains représentent plus de 70% de la faune holocène du site archéologique en grotte de Song Terus, Java Est (Indonésie). En focalisant notre étude sur ce site, qui présente un remplissage stratigraphique d’une puissance de 15 m recouvrant la limite Pléistocène-Holocène, nous disposons du contexte temporel et spatial où toutes les questions concernant l’interaction homme/primates non-humains peuvent être abordées. Nous commençons cette étude par une présentation générale du contexte, et par la mise en place de référentiels essentiels à notre recherche, mais néanmoins lacunaires jusque là. C’est pourquoi nous décrivons en détail le squelette de l’holotype naturalisé de l’espèce Trachypithecus auratus, jamais décrite du point de vue ostéologique. Nous mettons également en place, plus loin, un système d’estimation des âges au décès des fossiles, basé sur les stades d’usure dentaire. Après une discussion concernant les problèmes existants quant à la place des primates-non humains dans l’actuelle biostratigraphie de Java, nous décrivons en détail les fossiles holocènes de Song Terus. L’espèce T. Auratus représente plus de 96% des restes de primates non-humains, l’espèce Macaca sp. Représentant moins de 4%. Les crânes des fossiles de T. Auratus sont très proches des spécimens actuels, avec toutefois certains caractères partagés avec les individus de Java uniquement, alors que d’autres sont partagés avec les individus de Sumatra et de Bornéo seuls. Nous cherchons à comprendre ceci en étudiant le contour de l’orbite qui nous semble discriminer les fossiles des espèces actuelles. Les descripteurs de Fourier ont été utilisés. Un seul des fossiles les plus récents géologiquement ressemble aux spécimens actuels de T. Auratus, dont la morphologie des individus de Java, de Sumatra et de Bornéo apparaît continue. En revanche, les autres fossiles sortent de la variabilité des spécimens actuels. Nous décidons alors de tester la part de l’endémisme insulaire et des pressions paléoenvironnementales sur ces conformations de l’orbite par une analyse de Two-Block Partial Least Square. Les résultats mettent en évidence une migration unique probablement ancienne du genre Trachypithecus en Asie du Sud-Est insulaire. En revanche, des migrations multiples d’îles en îles ont eu lieu jusqu’à des périodes très récentes, ce qui permet de relativiser l’ouverture de l’environnement sur le plateau de la Sonde durant le dernier maximum glaciaire. Dans la dernière partie de travail, nous cherchons à comprendre la nature de la relation homme/primates non-humains dans le site de Song Terus. L’études des micro-usures dentaires des fossiles de T. Auratus met en évidence une grande consommation de fruits/graines, ce qui est inattendu pour cette espèce hautement folivore, considérée pour des raisons biologiques, parmi la moins flexible des primates. La question d’une relation commensale de ces primates à l’homme est posée. Nous cherchons à l’éclaircir par les méthodes de l’archéozoologie et de l’analyse spatiale. Les résultats obtenus sont complexes et difficiles à interpréter. L’ensemble du squelette est représenté dans le site mis à part les mains. Nous nous sommes interrogé sur les raisons de cette absence, qui pourrait être justifiée par des techniques de piégeage, sans que nous puissions y répondre. L’analyse spatiale ne met évidence aucun traitement particulier des carcasses. Il est probable que la relation homme/primates non-humains au début de l’Holocène ait été multiple, mêlant chasse et parfois apprivoisement comme c’est le cas aujourd’hui chez certains groupes de chasseurs-collecteurs de l’Asie du Sud-Est
Non-human primates represent 70% of the holocene fauna from the archaeological site of Song Terus. On focusing our study on this site, which present a stratigraphical filling of 15 m comprising the Pleistocene-Holocene boundary, we possess the temporal and spatial context where all the questions concerning the interaction between human and non-human primates may be approached. After filling some lacunar datas essential for ou research, we describe in details the fossils of Song Terus. The species Trachypithecus auratus represent up to 96% of the non-human primate remaines, and Macaca sp. Only 4%. We look for distinguishing javan specimens of T. Auratus in one hand and sumatran and bornean specimens in the other hand, as fossils share characters with both of them. We then focus on the contour of the orbites from Elliptical Fourier Analysis as they seem to us, discriminant among actuals and fossils. Two fossils present a completly different shape of the orbite. We test the part of endemism and palaeoenvironment on the shape of the orbites with Two-Block Partial Least Square analysis. Results show a possible very old migration from continent to insular Southeast Asia that occured once. After this period, many migrations occured between the different islands of the region, up to recently. This permit to conclude that probably no savanna corridor existed during the Last Glacial Maximum. To understand the relationship between human and non-human primates, we study dental microwears first. The high frugivory of the T. Auratus fossils from Song Terus is surprising as those species are known to be extremely folivorous and poorly flexible. The question of commensalism of those primates to human is asked. Methods of archaeozoology show different results, as the absence of hand remains, while all the skeleton is completly preserved in the site, could be interpreted as trapping technics. The spatial analysis doesn’t provide any light on any of these hypothesis. We then suspect a complex relationship between human and non-human primates, mixing commensalism and hunting, as it is still known today
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Nur, Hasjim. "Le néogène marin du Nord-Est de Java (Indonésie) : foraminifères et nannoplancton." Lyon 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987LYO10061.

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Etude d'une dizaine de coupes stratigraphiques du neogene du bassin du nord est de java. Determination des biozones classiques de blow pour les foraminiferes planctoniques et de martini pour le nannoplancton. Proposition d. Une nouvelle biozonation mieux adaptee au neogene de java. Mise en evidence de variations laterales d'epaisseur liees aux grandes periodes d'activite tectono-sedimentaire dont la plus importante se situe au miocene moyen
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Hameau, Sébastien. "Datation des sites paléolithiques du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de Punung (Pacitan, Java) : Applications des méthodes ESR et U-Th aux grottes de Song Terus et Goa Tabuhan." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0027.

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Deux grottes, Goa Tabuhan et Song Terus, près de Pacitan (Java, Indonésie) riches en matériel archéologique et paléontologique en place ont été étudiées. Des datations par U-Th et RPE, liées à une étude du remplissage, ont permis de définir un cadre chronologique. Les industries "Terus" sont les plus anciennes de la grotte de Song Terus et sont datées d'environ 300 ka. Les niveaux archéologiques "Tabuhan" ont été datés entre 30 et 80 ka. Lors des calculs d'âges RPE, l'environnement sédimentaire de l'échantillon a été modélisé afin de déterminer la dose externe. Les niveaux "Keplek" marqués par la présence d'Homo sapiens sont holocènes. Enfin, la datation d'un spéléothème a mis en évidence un dépôt des remplissages karstiques dès le Pléistocène Moyen. L'ensemble de ces résultats montre la possibilité de trouver, dans cette région, des niveaux correspondant à la période de transition entre Homo erectus et Homo sapiens
Two caves in Pacitan area (Java,Indonesia), Goa Tabuhan and Song Terus, rich in archaeological and palaeontological material have been studied. The application of U-series and ESR methods, combined with a study of the sedimentary filling, allows us to define a chronological framework for the geological and archaeological levels. The "Terus" lithic industry are the oldest of the Song Terus cave and are dated to 300 ky. The "Tabuhan" archaeological levels are dated from 30 to 80 ky. To apply ESR method, it was necessary to modelize the sedimentary surrounding of the sample in order evaluate the external dose rate. The "Keplek" levels which contain many artefacts associated with an human burial are Holocene aged. Finally, the dating of a stalagmitic flowstone, provide evidence of Middle Pleistocene age for the karstic fillings (more than 300 ky). These results obtained indicate the possibility in this area of finding levels corresponding to the Homo erectus-Homo sapiens transition
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MULYADI, EDDY. "Le complexe de bromo-tengger (est java, indonesie). Etude structurale et volcanologique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992CLF21453.

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Le massif de bromo-tengger est un volcan composite. Cet ensemble resulte de la juxtaposition de plusieurs appareils d'importances inegales: l'appareil de nongkojajar (age <1,4 ma), le plus ancien, est constitue essentiellement de coulees. Il a probablement ete affecte par un glissement de flanc, puis un effondrement calderique de type krakatau. L'appareil de ngadisari (age <82000 ans) est fait d'une succession d'epaisses coulees. Il a ete affecte par trois phases de destruction (calderas de type krakatau). L'appareil de tengger sensu stricto (age <265000 ans) est aussi constitue de coulees. Il a ete affecte par un effondrement calderique. Sur son flanc est s'est edifie le volcan de keciri, d'age inconnu. Le strato-cone de cemorolawang (age 144000 a 100000 ans) est constitue de coulees et de pyroclastites. Il a ete affecte par l'effondrement recent de la caldera de la mer des sables. La caldera de la mer des sables s'est effondree a la suite de deux eruptions ignimbritiques majeures dont la plus jeune est datee vers 7000-8000 ans. Le volcanisme post-caldera de la mer des sables est represente par six appareils phreatomagmatiques et un cone strombolien basaltique. L'age de ce volcanisme va de 1860 b. P. A nos jours. Les donnees geochimiques et mineralogiques montrent que la cristallisation fractionnee de pl, ol, cpx et mgt a partir d'un magma basaltique dans le reservoir magmatique explique la serie basaltes-andesites (variation de 48 a 63% en sio2)
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Franck, Manuelle. "Semis urbain et urbanisation des campagnes : les processus d'urbanisation à Java-est, Indonésie." Paris 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA010580.

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Java-est est une province densement peuplee. Le semis urbain y est dense, compose d'une capitale macrocephale, de quelques grandes et moyennes villes et d'une quantite de bourgs. On cherchera a comprendre les facteurs qui ont permis la formation d'un tel semis urbain. Apres la description des grandes unites de milieu, on etudiera dans quelles conditions se developpent les villes. L'agriculture et les activites tertiaires sont spatialement liees a l'urbanisation au sein des districts, alors que l'industrie ne l'est qu'en certains points. Les grandes zones urbanisees sont celles du triangle trace par la riviere brantas et l'est de la province. On etudiera trois processus d'urbanisation, manifestes a java-est : l'etat est moteur d'urbanisation par les fonctions administratives qu'il attribue a certaines villes, par les politiques de developpement regional et urbain. L'agriculture est urbanisante tandis que la ville encadre l'agriculture. Enfin, l'industrie est facteur d'urbanisation diffuse le long des grands axes, a proximite des metropoles. Le renforcement des villes secondaires, dans une province ou le continuum rural-urbain est marque, serait un moyen de limiter l'hypertrophie des capitales et d'assurer la subsistance des paysans qui auront de plus en plus de mal a vivre de la seule agriculture
East-java is a very densely populated province. The urban system is provided with a primate capital city, some big and medium sized cities and numerous towns. We have tried to understand the factors that shaped such an urban system. After having described the main natural areas, the study focuses on the conditions in which cities are developing. Agriculture and tertiary activities are spatially linked to urbanization within the districts, whereas it is not the case of industry in every part of the province. We have studied the three main urbanization processes in east-java : the state is an actor of urbanization as it gives cities some administrative functions and through regional and urban development policies. Agriculture is also an urbanizing factor and towns govern agriculture. Industry creates a "sociological urbanization" along the main communication routes where it is concentrated. The conclusion considers the necessity of developing secondary towns as one of the solutions to urban primacy, as peasants will soon no longer be able to live on agriculture only
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Wibowo, Agung. "LUDRUK : Théâtre et société à Java Est (Indonésie). Étude d’un genre ancien dans ses usages contemporains." Electronic Thesis or Diss., La Rochelle, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LAROF001.

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En prise constante sur l’actualité de la vie villageoise, des instances administratives régionales, des discours politiques et militants qui s’affrontent sur les médias nationaux, le ludruk, théâtre populaire de Java Est, démontre une capacité générique à corriger, réviser, rénover sans cesse ses contenus ludiques comme si sa survie en dépendait. De telles initiatives, potentiellement transgressives des discours dominants, ont depuis l’indépendance du pays, et auparavant durant l’occupation néerlandaise puis japonaise, convaincu les autorités des champs politiques et religieux d’imposer une surveillance étroite des artistes et organisateurs de spectacles. L’armée indonésienne, notamment pendant la période de l’Orde Baru de Suharto, a pris le contrôle de la plupart des troupes circulant à Java Est. À l’heure de la Reformasi, ce fut au ministère de l’Éducation et de la Culture d’engager un vaste programme de standardisation d’un théâtre trop protéiforme dans ses inspirations, ses trouvailles scéniques et ses scénarios sommaires livrés à l’improvisation des acteurs. Mais le ludruk dispose de manière latente d’une possibilité dissidente, celle des incartades de l’humour et de la dérision qui le définisse intrinsèquement. Le ludruk, dont l’inventivité faite de bric et de broc conserve le cadre épuré du théâtre de cour, aligne toujours les figures fondamentales de la « chanteuse-danseuse transgenre » (tandhak) et du « clown à la langue déliée » (badut), tous deux porteurs des dissonances entre les idéaux sociaux et politiques et les réalités de la vie ordinaire
Constantly in touch with the current events of village life, regional administrative bodies, political and militant discourses that clash on the national media, ludruk, a popular theater of East Java, demonstrates a generic capacity in correcting, revising, and renewing its playful content as if its survival depended on it. Such initiatives, potentially transgressive of the dominant discourses, have since the country’s independence, and before that during the Dutch and then Japanese occupation, convinced the authorities in the political and religious fields to impose close surveillance of artists and show organizers. The Indonesian army, especially during the period of Suharto’s Orde Baru, took control of most of the troupes circulating in East Java. At the time of the Reformasi, it was the Ministry of Education and Culture, to engage a vast program of standardization of a theater too protean in its inspirations, its scenic finds and its sketchy scenarios left to the improvisation of actors. But the ludruk has in a latent way a dissident possibility, that of the breakthrough of humor and derision which defines it intrinsically. The ludruk, whose inventiveness made of bits and pieces preserves the purified framework of the court theater, always aligns the fundamental figures of the “transgender singer-dancer” (tandhak) and of the “clown with a sharp tongue” (badut), both carriers of the dissonance between social and political ideals and the realities of ordinary life
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Thohari, Endang Setyawati Martodidjojo. "Rôle du Crédit agricole dans le développement de l'agriculture en Indonésie : le cas d'étude à Java Est." Montpellier 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991MON10009.

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En indonesie, et plus particulierement dans la province de java est, on trouve en milieu rural trois organismes officiels de credit, et plusieurs types de credit informel traditionnels. L'inefficacite de ces organismes de credit pour la mobilisation de l'epargne et la distribution des credits a tous les groupes sociaux qui en ont besoin a suscite une etude de leur fonctionnement. En milieu rural, le credit est utilise le plus souvent pour des investissements dans le commerce ; vient en second l'utilistion pour des depenses courantes, surtout pendant la periode de soudure. Les populations les plus pauvres utilisent rarement le credit a des fins productives ou d'investissement. Cette analyse montre que la volonte d'epargner des familles aisees est stable ; elle montre egalement qu'une epargne potentielle, meme faible, existe chez les familles plus pauvres. Mais cette epargne potentielle n'est pas bien mobilisee. En dehors des ameliorations qu'il est possible et souhaitable d'apporter au fonctionnement des organismes de credit - souplesse des prets, diversite des formes d'epargne, revision des taux d'interets - il semble que le developpement du credit rural est conditionne par le developpement des activites economiques en general. Tout programme de developpement du credit rural devrait etre specifique a chaque region car les situations locals sont tres contrastees
In indonesia, particularly in the province of east java, three official credit organizations are to be found in the rural sector, as well as a number of different informal, traditional credit facilities. The inefficiency of these credit oganizations in mobilizing savings and distributing credit to all the social groups which need it, has prompted a study of their mode of operation. In the rural sector, credit is most often given for commercial investment ; its application for running costs is secondary, particularly at the obnding stage. The poorest proportion of the population rarely uses credit for productive or investment purposes. This analysis shows that the urge to save is stable for well-to-do families ; it also shows that a potential for saving, albeit weak, is also to be found among poorer families. However, this savings potential is not mobilized. Apart from the possible and desirable improvements to be made to the functioning of credit organisations - loan flexibility, diversity of saving facilities, review of interest rates - the development of rural credit appears to be conditioned by the development of the economic activity as a whole. Any rural credit development programme must be regionally specified, due to market contrasts in local situations
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Franck, Manuelle. "Quand la riziere rencontre l'asphalte : semi urbain et processus d'urbanisation à Java-est (Indonesie) /." Paris : Ed. de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1993. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37444735d.

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Nur, Hasjim. "Le Néogène marin du nord-est de Java (Indonésie) étude biostratigraphique (foraminifères et nannoplancton) /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37608498z.

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Books on the topic "Java Est"

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Franck, Manuelle. Quand la rizière rencontre l'asphalte--: Semis urbain et processus d'urbanisation à Java-est, Indonésie. Paris: Editions de l'Ecole des hautes études en sciences sociales, 1993.

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L'archipel Kangean: Sumenep, Java Est, Indonésie : recherches appliquées pour le développement, géographie, géophysique, biologie marine, économie, éducation, anthropologie, ethnolinguistique, histoire. Paris: Les Indes savantes, 2013.

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(Indonesia), Jawa Timur, ed. Welcome to East Java. [Surabaya]: East Java Provincial Govt., 1996.

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Jawa Timur (Indonesia). Badan Penanaman Modal. East Java investing guide. [Surabaya]: East Java Board of Investment, 2008.

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Jawa Timur (Indonesia). Badan Penanaman Modal., ed. Investing into East Java, Indonesia. Surabaya: East Java Investment Board, 2008.

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(Indonesia), Jawa Timur, ed. East Java the glorious century. [Surabaya]: Regional Government of East Java, 1991.

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Jawa Timur (Indonesia). Badan Koordinasi Penanaman Modal Daerah., ed. Investment infrastructure in East Java. Surabaya, Indonesia: East Java Regional Investment Coordinating Board, 1996.

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Eric, Oey, ed. Java: Garden of the East. Lincolnwood, Ill. USA: Passport Books, 1991.

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Eric, Oey, ed. Java: Garden of the East. 2nd ed. Singapore: Periplus, 1994.

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Jawa Timur (Indonesia). Badan Penanaman Model., ed. Investment profile in East Java. Surabaya: East Java Investment Board, 2000.

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Book chapters on the topic "Java Est"

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Cok, David R., and Joseph R. Kiniry. "ESC/Java2: Uniting ESC/Java and JML." In Construction and Analysis of Safe, Secure, and Interoperable Smart Devices, 108–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-30569-9_6.

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Aprelia, Nova Dwi Ise, and Muhammad Arif. "Income Inequality in East Java." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Economics and Business Studies (ICOEBS-22-2), 563–79. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-204-0_48.

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Hulahi, Ekklesia, Achmad Nurmandi, Isnaini Muallidin, Mohammad Jafar Loilatu, and Danang Kurniawan. "Influence Vaccination Policy, Through Social Media Promotion (Study: West Java, East Java, and Central Java)." In Social Computing and Social Media: Design, User Experience and Impact, 559–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-05061-9_39.

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Flanagan, Cormac, and K. Rustan M. Leino. "Houdini, an Annotation Assistant for ESC/Java." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 500–517. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-45251-6_29.

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Cubeiro Rodríguez, Dídac. "The Dutch East Indies Railway in Java." In Palgrave Studies in Economic History, 165–99. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-21674-9_6.

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Khairulbahri, Muhamad, and Adi Rivaldo. "The Climatic Benefit of Perennial Rice Cropping System: A Case Study in West Java, Central Java, and East Java." In Water and Environment for Sustainability, 87–107. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-27280-6_6.

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Hakim, Luchman. "Cultural Landscapes of the Tengger Highland, East Java." In Landscape Ecology in Asian Cultures, 69–82. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-87799-8_6.

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Wicaksono, Achmad, Muhammad Zainul Arifin, Meriana Wahyu Nugroho, and Yayan Rachmadi Utomo. "Truck Accident Risk Model for East Java, Indonesia." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering, 828–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-33-6311-3_94.

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Hancock, James F. "Ancient south east Asian maritime trade." In Spices, scents and silk: catalysts of world trade, 107–21. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249743.0009.

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Abstract This chapter entails fourteen subchapters that detail the course of the South East Asian maritime trade. The subsections are about the beginning of Indonesian trade, the origin of trade between India and South East Asia, maritime trade of the Anuradhapura Kingdom, the Indianization of Indonesia, China's slow entry into the South East Asia trade network, Java becomes the nucleus of Indonesia, the Chinese Pilgrims - Chroniclers of the ancient spice and silk routes, early trade in the outer reaches of Indonesia, the Golden Peninsula, the first great trading empire: Funan, South East Asian trading spheres in the early first century CE, European connections, the two ways to Rome, and finally, the first direct contact between Rome and China.
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Kusmaningtyas, Amiartuti, and Alivia Nur Faidah. "The Effect of Green Work-Life Balance and Organizational Citizenship Behavior on the Environment to Improve Environmental Performance of the Cooperative and SME Office of East Java Province Employees." In Proceedings of the 19th International Symposium on Management (INSYMA 2022), 688–95. Dordrecht: Atlantis Press International BV, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-008-4_86.

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AbstractConcern for the environment impacts environmental sustainability and the continuation of human life. A conducive environment can be realized if humans manage the environment, both in work life and personal life. Voluntary behavior to care for the environment manifests the ability to control the setting. Evidence shows that human carelessness in managing the environment causes environmental damage and pollution. This research aims to analyze the factors that affect the environmental performance of the Cooperative and SME Office of East Java Province employees. Data set from 70 employees of the Cooperative and SME Office of East Java Province were used. Regression analysis and mediation hypothesis analysis determine factors that significantly affect environmental performance. Voluntary behavior that cares about the environment is primarily related to a person’s ability to balance work life and personal life. Similarly, performance in managing a good environment result from voluntary behavior that cares about the environment. The findings of this study may provide empirical evidence that the cause of a person’s ability to realize a good environment is due to concern for the environment and the ability to balance work life with the environment.
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Conference papers on the topic "Java Est"

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Silitonga, Frans J. P., Ronnie Purantoro, and Gustaf H. Simandjuntak. "ESS/EST Marginal Field Development in E-South Area, Offshore Northwest Java." In SPE Asia Pacific Oil and Gas Conference and Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/54276-ms.

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Cok, David R. "Specifying java iterators with JML and Esc/Java2." In the 2006 conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1181195.1181210.

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Priadi, S. N. "The Success of Managing Participating Interest (PI) in Cepu Block in Increasing Regional Revenue InEast Java." In Indonesian Petroleum Association 44th Annual Convention and Exhibition. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa21-bc-99.

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The Cepu Block is one of the largest national oil and gas producers. State revenue from the oil and gas sector in the Cepu Block can also be used to increase revenue from oil and gas producing regions in East Java. This is based on PP. 35/2004 that regulates oil and gas contractors' obligations to offer 10% of Participating Interest (PI) to Regional-Owned Enterprises (BUMD). However, in reality, not all regions are ready to participate in PI financing due to regional financial limitations. PI of Cepu Block has been realized since 2009 where PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana (PJUC) became one of the four BUMD that assigned to manage the PI of 2.243% with share rights. Initially, PT Petrogas Jawa Timur Utama Cendana used the Public-Private Partnership (PPP) scheme with PT Raharja Energy Cepu (REC) as the initial capital for joining in Participating Interest (PI) of the Cepu Block. Thus, this paper will discuss PI management's success in the Cepu Block, starting from the preparation, procedures for bidding and transferring PIs to the formation of the BKS PI 10% Cepu Block. PJUC utilize part of the funds obtained from PI 10% to manage various business fields. With good management, PJUC has successfully gained USD 3.5 billion profit in 2020 and has successfully paid off its debts, and has become one of the BUMD with a large contribution of local revenue East Java Province. Having PJUC debt paid off, revenue in 2021 will reach around USD 13 billion. BUMD's exists to managing the Cepu Block oil and gas working area through the 10% of Participating Interest that provides an increase in regional revenue for East Java. It increases BUMD's knowledge in managing oil and gas blocks as a non-operator contractor. Then, Participating Interest can be creating transparency in lifting, reserves, and cost recovery. Besides, the regional-owned enterprise can also help facilitate or accelerate issuing permits needed in the regions and help implement cooperation contract activities in the areas.
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Sari, Hawa Intan Malayyana, and Widhyasmaramurti. "The Meaning of Embedded Arabic in Japa-Mantra in Banyakan Village, Kediri, East Java." In International University Symposium on Humanities and Arts (INUSHARTS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200729.040.

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Bernando, N. "Abnormal Pressure Delineation in The East Java Basin and Its Implication for Hydrocarbon Exploration." In Digital Technical Conference. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa20-g-125.

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The exploration journey of the East Java Basin has had a long history of milestones since the first decade of hydrocarbon discovery in 1880 through to today, with good and bad events happening throughout this long period. Many people who are related with the oil and gas business are still putting their efforts to continue exploring this basin to find the next giant discovery in East Java. One of the challenges in this basin is the abnormal pressure. Many situations will be faced while we endeavour to predict and anticipate the abnormal pressure in the East Java Basin. Hence, the knowledge of abnormal pressure is a must for the company personnel who are starting from exploration stage, through to exploration drilling and ultimately to develop the discovery. In this paper, the author arranges the delineation of the abnormal pressure at the basin scale perspective and also predicts its generating mechanism from geological aspects in the East Java Basin. The input data comes from 90 wells with various reservoir objectives and good well spacing that covers the entire East Java Basin, and several seismic lines to support the subsurface interpretation. The output is preliminary analysis of delineation abnormal pressure segment map which included basic generating mechanism aspect and its implication for hydrocarbon exploration in the identified over pressure segments. The comprehensive analysis which trigered an over pressure behind the basic generating mechanismmechanism and the comparison aspects to differenciate each unit over pressure segment are not discussed on this paper due to limitation of knowledge. Hopefully, this paper will give the abnormal pressure overview to the related people who will start or continue their exploration activity in the East Java Basin with a secure and proper way to find the next giant discovery.
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Dwi Nurcahyanti, Febrina, and Astri Yunita. "Biopsychosocial Determinants ofBiopsychosocial Determinants of Preeclampsia in Kediri, East Java Preeclampsia in Kediri, East Java." In The 4th International Conference on Public Health. Masters Program in Public Health Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/theicph.2018.01.13.

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Wicaksono, Mochammad Arief. "Language as Symbol System: Islam, Javanese Muslem and Cultural Diplomacy." In GLOCAL Conference on Asian Linguistic Anthropology 2019. The GLOCAL Unit, SOAS University of London, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.47298/cala2019.16-7.

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Islamic diaspora throughout the world has its own characteristics depending on cultural context in each region. Observing the characteristics of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java in the past, Indonesia can be viewed significantly through a linguistic perspective. By focusing on the narratives of how Islam was constructed in Java by kiai, we will be able to understand that the pattern of the entry process and the rise of Islam in Java emerged through“language diplomacy.” There are various symbols which later became the symbol system in Islamic languages that were contextualized to Javanese language and knowledge systems. In other words, I see that language in this context is a symbol system. These symbols are a strategy of how Islam was “planted” and developed in Java. I will compare the symbol system of the language in the Quran as the Great Tradition of Islam with a symbol system on the narratives that a kiai expressed in Javanese society as the Little Tradition. By taking some narratives that the kiai gave to the Javanese Moslems in East Java region, this paper argues that the linguistic aspect in some narratives and Quran recitation which has the symbolic system of the language have an important role in planting and developing Islam in Java. This paper is based on ethnographic research-participant observation among Nahdlatul Ulama Muslim society in East Java, Indonesia and reviews Islamic narratives in society as an important unit of analysis.
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Ismurdiyahwati, Ika, and Atiqoh Nasor. "Motifs in East Java Traditional Batiks." In 2nd Annual Conference on Social Science and Humanities (ANCOSH 2020). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210413.061.

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Mauliddah, Nurul Laili, and Asyidatur Rosmaniar. "Income Inequality in East Java Province." In 1st Borobudur International Symposium on Humanities, Economics and Social Sciences (BIS-HESS 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.200529.012.

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Retnoningrum, Ambar Dwi, Ike Nurrochmawati, and Dewi Indriani. "Determinants of Health Visit among Mothers with Toddlers at the Integrated Health Post, Nganjuk District, East Java." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.71.

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ABSTRACT Background: Regular visit to the integrated health post is essential to monitor health and nutritional status of children under five years of age. However, the frequency of visits remained low in Nganjuk District, East Java. This study aimed to determine the factors affecting health visit of children under five at the integrated health post in Nganjuk District, East Java. Subjects and Method: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at Ngetos Integrated Health Post, Nganjuk, East Java, in April 2019. A sample of 100 children under five was selected for this study. The dependent variable was visit to the integrated health post. The independent variables were child age, maternal education, maternal work status, and motivation. The data were collected using questionnaires. The data were analyzed by multiple logistic regression. Results: Visit of children under five years of age to the integrated health post increased with child age (OR= 1.60; 95% CI= 0.90 to 12.20; p= 0.071), higher maternal education (OR= 4.66; 95% CI= 2.13 to 28.14; p= 0.002), working mothers (OR= 2.90; 95% CI= 1.57 to 26.45; p= 0.010), and higher motivation (OR= 2.45; 95% CI= 1.35 to 19.05; p= 0.016). Conclusion: Visit of children under five years of age to the integrated health post increases with child age, higher maternal education, working mothers, and higher motivation. Keywords: children under five years of age, mothers, integrated health post Correspondence: Ike Nurrochmawati. School of Health Sciences Satria Bhakti, Nganjuk. Jl. Panglima Sudirman VI Nganjuk, East Java. Email: ike.nurrochma@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282141578108. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.71
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Reports on the topic "Java Est"

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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Ken M. P. Setiawan, and Naomi Francis. Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law: How Women are Driving Change and Shaping Pathways for Gender-inclusive Development in Rural Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124326.

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This study on Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law seeks to understand in what contexts, to what extent and through what mechanisms has local collective action by women influenced the implementation of the Village Law. And, what has been the role for CSOs in this process. The study draws on research conducted in nine provinces, 12 districts, and 14 villages—from Sumatra, to Java, to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and East and West Nusa Tenggara.
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Diprose, Rachael, Amalinda Savirani, Ken M. P. Setiawan, and Naomi Francis. Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law: How Women are Driving Change and Shaping Pathways for Gender-inclusive Development in Rural Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124326.

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This study on Women’s Collective Action and the Village Law seeks to understand in what contexts, to what extent and through what mechanisms has local collective action by women influenced the implementation of the Village Law. And, what has been the role for CSOs in this process. The study draws on research conducted in nine provinces, 12 districts, and 14 villages—from Sumatra, to Java, to Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and East and West Nusa Tenggara.
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., Aenunaim, Sudiyah Istichomah, and Gamma Galudra. Result of Land Use Planning and Land Administration (LULA) Implementation in South Sumatra, East Kalimantan, Central Java and Papua. World Agroforestry Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5716/wp18010.pdf.

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Salas, Humberto. Trabajo y consumo post COVID-19. Universidad Autónoma de Chile, April 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32457/2050012728/9774202053.

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Humberto Salas Jara Académico de la Facultad de Administración y Negocios, Universidad Autónoma de Chile. Nuestra sociedad no será la misma después de esta crisis sanitaria que estremece al mundo y que se transformará en una crisis económica de similares características, de la cual debemos emerger fortalecidos. Así como lo expresó hace más de 60 años JF. Kennedy “en la crisis, se consciente del peligro, pero reconoce la oportunidad”, es también momento de vislumbrar el largo plazo y pensar en cómo cambiará la forma de generar ingresos y se modificarán los patrones de consumo, pues desde aquí germinarán muchos desafíos. Lo primero está relacionado con la evolución acelerada que tendrá el mercado del trabajo, donde empresas iniciarán un inevitable proceso de reestructuración en sus políticas y dotación de recursos humanos, enfocadas en nuevas y modernas formas de trabajo, incorporando tecnologías para responder a un consumidor con otras necesidades.
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Wehr, Tobias, ed. EarthCARE Mission Requirements Document. European Space Agency, November 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.5270/esa.earthcare-mrd.2006.

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ESA's EarthCARE (Cloud, Aerosol and Radiation Explorer) mission - scheduled to be launched in 2024 - is the largest and most complex Earth Explorer to date and will advance our understanding of the role that clouds and aerosols play in reflecting incident solar radiation back into space and trapping infrared radiation emitted from Earth's surface. The mission is being implemented in cooperation with JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency). It carries four scientific instruments. The Atmospheric Lidar (ATLID), operating at 355 nm wavelength and equipped with a high-spectral resolution and depolarisation receiver, measures profiles of aerosols and thin clouds. The Cloud Profiling Radar (CPR, contribution of JAXA), operates at 94 GHz to measure clouds and precipitation, as well as vertical motion through its Doppler functionality. The Multi-Spectral Imager provides across-track information of clouds and aerosols. The Broad-Band Radiometer (BBR) measures the outgoing reflected solar and emitted thermal radiation in order to derive broad-band radiative fluxes at the top of atmosphere. The Mission Requirement Document defines the scientific mission objectives and observational requirements of EarthCARE. The document has been written by the ESA-JAXA Joint Mission Advisory Group for EarthCARE.
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Setiawan, Ken M. P., Bronwyn A. Beech Jones, Rachael Diprose, and Amalinda Savirani, eds. Women’s Journeys in Driving Change: Women’s Collective Action and Village Law Implementation in Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124331.

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This volume shares the life journeys of 21 women from rural villages from Sumatra, to Java, to Kalimantan, Sulawesi and East and West Nusa Tenggara (for ethical reasons, all names have been anonymised). In each of these villages, CSOs introduced and/or strengthened interventions to support gender inclusion, women’s collective action and empowerment. The stories of these village women offer unique insights into women’s aspirations, the challenges they have encountered and their achievements across multiple scales and domains, illustrating the lived complexities of women in rural Indonesia, particularly those from vulnerable groups. The stories shared highlight women’s own pathways of change and their resilience and determination often in the face of resistance from their families and communities, to ultimately reduce rural gender inequities and bolster gender inclusiveness. The stories also illustrate the important role CSOs—those that are focused on gender inclusion and facilitating grassroots women’s agency and empowerment—can play in supporting women’s voice and agency as they undertake this journey.
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Setiawan, Ken M. P., Bronwyn A. Beech Jones, Rachael Diprose, and Amalinda Savirani, eds. Women’s Journeys in Driving Change: Women’s Collective Action and Village Law Implementation in Indonesia. University of Melbourne with Universitas Gadjah Mada and MAMPU, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46580/124331.

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This volume shares the life journeys of 21 women from rural villages from Sumatra, to Java, to Kalimantan, Sulawesi and East and West Nusa Tenggara (for ethical reasons, all names have been anonymised). In each of these villages, CSOs introduced and/or strengthened interventions to support gender inclusion, women’s collective action and empowerment. The stories of these village women offer unique insights into women’s aspirations, the challenges they have encountered and their achievements across multiple scales and domains, illustrating the lived complexities of women in rural Indonesia, particularly those from vulnerable groups. The stories shared highlight women’s own pathways of change and their resilience and determination often in the face of resistance from their families and communities, to ultimately reduce rural gender inequities and bolster gender inclusiveness. The stories also illustrate the important role CSOs—those that are focused on gender inclusion and facilitating grassroots women’s agency and empowerment—can play in supporting women’s voice and agency as they undertake this journey.
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Amzeri, Achmad, B. S. DARYONO, and M. SYAFII. GENOTYPE BY ENVIRONMENT AND STABILITY ANALYSES OF DRYLAND MAIZE HYBRIDS. SABRAO Journal of Breeding and Genetics, September 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/amzeri.2020.2.

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The phenotypic analysis of new candidate varieties at multiple locations could provide information on the stability of their genotypes. We evaluated the stability of 11 maize hybrid candidates in five districts in East Java Province, Indonesia. Maize hybrids with high yield potential and early maturity traits derived from a diallel cross were planted in a randomized complete block design with two checks (Srikandi Kuning and BISI-2) as a single factor with four replicates. The observed traits were grain yield per hectare and harvest age. The effects of environment, genotype, and genotype × environment interaction on yield were highly significant (P < 0.01). KTM-1, KTM-2, KTM-4, KTM-5, and KTM-6 showed higher average grain yield per hectare than the checks (Srikandi Kuning = 8.49 ton ha−1 and BISI-2 = 7.32 ton ha−1) at five different locations. The average harvest age of 11 candidates was less than 100 days. KTM-4 and KTM-5 had production yields that were higher than the average yield of all genotypes in all environments (Yi > 7.78 tons ha−1) and were considered stable on the basis of three stability parameters, i.e., Finlay–Wilkinson, Eberhart–Russell, and additive main effect multiplicative interaction (AMMI). KTM-2 had the highest yield among all tested genotypes (9.33 ton ha−1) and was considered as stable on the basis of AMMI but not on the basis of Finlay–Wilkinson and Eberhart–Russell. KTM-1 performed well only in Pamekasan, whereas KTM-6 performed well only in Sampang. Thus, these two genotypes could be targeted for these specific locations.
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Sett, Dominic, Christina Widjaja, Patrick Sanady, Angelica Greco, Neysa Setiadi, Saut Sagala, Cut Sri Rozanna, and Simone Sandholz. Hazards, Exposure and Vulnerability in Indonesia: A risk assessment across regions and provinces to inform the development of an Adaptive Social Protection Road Map. United Nations University - Institute for Environment and Human Security, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.53324/uvrd1447.

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Risk induced by natural hazards and climate change has been accelerating worldwide, leading to adverse impacts on communities' well-being. Dealing with this risk is increasingly complex and requires cross-sectoral action. Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) has emerged as a promising approach to strengthen the resilience of communities by integrating Social Protection (SP), Disaster Risk Management (DRM) and Climate Change Adaptation (CCA) efforts. To inform this integration and thereby support the development of a functional ASP approach, the identification and provision of relevant data and information are vital. In this context, risk assessments are crucial as they establish the groundwork for the design of effective ASP interventions. However, despite the importance of risk information for ASP and the abundance of sectoral assessments, there is not yet a comprehensive risk assessment approach, a reality that also applies to Indonesia. Although the country is one of the international pioneers of the concept and has enshrined ASP at the highest national level in its development plans, this emphasis in policy and practice has been hampered by the absence of more unified assessment methods. The Hazard, Exposure and Vulnerability Assessment (HEVA) presented here takes a unique approach to develop such a cross-sectoral risk assessment and apply it throughout Indonesia. The HEVA brings together different risk understandings of key actors both internationally and domestically within SP, DRM and CCA, as well as identifying commonalities across sectors to establish a joint understanding. The HEVA not only considers risk as an overarching outcome but also focuses on its drivers, i.e. hazards, exposure and vulnerability, to identify why specific communities are at risk and thus customize ASP interventions. Subsequently, risks are assessed for Indonesia’s regions and provinces based on this cross-sectoral risk understanding. Secondary data has been acquired from various existing sectoral assessments conducted in Indonesia, and in total, data for 44 indicators has been compiled to calculate hazard, exposure and vulnerability levels for all 34 Indonesian provinces. Findings of the HEVA suggest that overall risk is high in Indonesia and no single province can be characterized as a low-risk area, demonstrating a strong relevance for ASP throughout the whole of the country. Papua, Maluku, and Central Sulawesi were identified as provinces with the highest overall risk in Indonesia. However, even Yogyakarta, which was identified as a comparatively low-risk province, still ranks among the ten most hazard-prone provinces in the country and has a demonstrated history of severe impact events. This also underlines that the composition of risk based on the interplay of hazard, exposure and vulnerability differs significantly among provinces. For example, in Papua and West Papua, vulnerability ranks as the highest in Indonesia, while hazard and exposure levels are comparatively low. In contrast, East Java and Central Java are among the highest hazard-prone provinces, while exposure and vulnerability are comparatively low. The results provide much more comprehensive insight than individual sectoral analyses can offer, facilitating the strategic development and implementation of targeted ASP interventions that address the respective key risk components. Based on lessons learned from the development and application of the HEVA approach, as well as from the retrieved results, the report provides recommendations relevant for policymakers, practitioners and researchers. First, recommendations regarding risk assessments for ASP are given, emphasizing the need to bring together sectoral understandings and to consider the interconnection of hazards, exposure and vulnerability, including their drivers and root causes, to assess current and future risk. It is also recommended to complement national level assessments with more specific local assessments. Secondly, recommendations regarding ASP option development in general are provided, including the importance of considering side effects of interventions, root causes of risks, the potential of nature-based solutions and barriers to implementation due to local capacities when designing ASP interventions. Third, recommendations regarding focal areas for ASP programmes are outlined for the case of Indonesia, such as prioritizing interventions in risk hotspots and areas characterized by high readiness for ASP solutions. At the same time, it is vital to leave no region behind as all provinces face risks that potentially jeopardize communities’ well-being.
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10

Willis, C., F. Jorgensen, S. A. Cawthraw, H. Aird, S. Lai, M. Chattaway, I. Lock, E. Quill, and G. Raykova. A survey of Salmonella, Escherichia coli (E. coli) and antimicrobial resistance in frozen, part-cooked, breaded or battered poultry products on retail sale in the United Kingdom. Food Standards Agency, May 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.xvu389.

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Abstract:
Frozen, breaded, ready-to-cook chicken products have been implicated in outbreaks of salmonellosis. Some of these outbreaks can be large. For example, one outbreak of Salmonella Enteritidis involved 193 people in nine countries between 2018 and 2020, of which 122 cases were in the UK. These ready-to-cook products have a browned, cooked external appearance, which may be perceived as ready-to-eat, leading to mishandling or undercooking by consumers. Continuing concerns about these products led FSA to initiate a short-term (four month), cross-sectional surveillance study undertaken in 2021 to determine the prevalence of Salmonella spp., Escherichia coli and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in frozen, breaded or battered chicken products on retail sale in the UK. This study sought to obtain data on AMR levels in Salmonella and E. coli in these products, in line with a number of other FSA instigated studies of the incidence and nature of AMR in the UK food chain, for example, the systematic review (2016). Between the beginning of April and the end of July 2021, 310 samples of frozen, breaded or battered chicken products containing either raw or partly cooked chicken, were collected using representative sampling of retailers in England, Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland based on market share data. Samples included domestically produced and imported chicken products and were tested for E. coli (including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing, colistin-resistant and carbapenem-resistant E. coli) and Salmonella spp. One isolate of each bacterial type from each contaminated sample was randomly selected for additional AMR testing to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for a range of antimicrobials. More detailed analysis based on Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS) data was used to further characterise Salmonella spp. isolates and allow the identification of potential links with human isolates. Salmonella spp. were detected in 5 (1.6%) of the 310 samples and identified as Salmonella Infantis (in three samples) and S. Java (in two samples). One of the S. Infantis isolates fell into the same genetic cluster as S. Infantis isolates from three recent human cases of infection; the second fell into another cluster containing two recent cases of infection. Countries of origin recorded on the packaging of the five Salmonella contaminated samples were Hungary (n=1), Ireland (n=2) and the UK (n=2). One S. Infantis isolate was multi-drug resistant (i.e. resistant to three different classes of antimicrobials), while the other Salmonella isolates were each resistant to at least one of the classes of antimicrobials tested. E. coli was detected in 113 samples (36.4%), with counts ranging from <3 to >1100 MPN (Most Probable Number)/g. Almost half of the E. coli isolates (44.5%) were susceptible to all antimicrobials tested. Multi-drug resistance was detected in 20.0% of E. coli isolates. E. coli isolates demonstrating the ESBL (but not AmpC) phenotype were detected in 15 of the 310 samples (4.8%) and the AmpC phenotype alone was detected in two of the 310 samples (0.6%) of chicken samples. Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing showed that five of the 15 (33.3%) ESBL-producing E. coli carried blaCTX-M genes (CTX-M-1, CTX-M-55 or CTX-M-15), which confer resistance to third generation cephalosporin antimicrobials. One E. coli isolate demonstrated resistance to colistin and was found to possess the mcr-1 gene. The five Salmonella-positive samples recovered from this study, and 20 similar Salmonella-positive samples from a previous UKHSA (2020/2021) study (which had been stored frozen), were subjected to the cooking procedures described on the sample product packaging for fan assisted ovens. No Salmonella were detected in any of these 25 samples after cooking. The current survey provides evidence of the presence of Salmonella in frozen, breaded and battered chicken products in the UK food chain, although at a considerably lower incidence than reported in an earlier (2020/2021) study carried out by PHE/UKHSA as part of an outbreak investigation where Salmonella prevalence was found to be 8.8%. The current survey also provides data on the prevalence of specified AMR bacteria found in the tested chicken products on retail sale in the UK. It will contribute to monitoring trends in AMR prevalence over time within the UK, support comparisons with data from other countries, and provide a baseline against which to monitor the impact of future interventions. While AMR activity was observed in some of the E. coli and Salmonella spp. examined in this study, the risk of acquiring AMR bacteria from consumption of these processed chicken products is low if the products are cooked thoroughly and handled hygienically.
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