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1
Mayowa, Jadesola. "Biodiesel Production Innovation Based on Jatropha Curcas and Soybean Oil." International Journal Papier Advance and Scientific Review 4, no. 1 (March 15, 2023): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.47667/ijpasr.v4i1.192.
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Biodiesel Production Innovation Based on Jatropha Curcas and Soybean Oil Jadesola Mayowa1 1University of Ibadan Abstract The study evaluated the potential of Jatropha curcas and soybean oil as feedstocks for biodiesel production and compared the performance of the biodiesels produced. The biodiesels were characterized and their performance was tested in terms of density, viscosity, engine efficiency, power output, and emissions. The results showed that both biodiesels had similar properties and performance compared to conventional diesel fuel, making them suitable alternatives. However, further research and optimization may be required to improve the properties of the biodiesels and ensure their sustainability as feedstocks for biodiesel production. The study provides valuable information for the development of sustainable and eco-friendly energy solutions based on Jatropha curcas and soybean oil as feedstocks for biodiesel production.
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Montes-Núñez, D. G., G. Montero-Alpírez, M. A. Coronado-Ortega, J. R. Ayala-Bautista, J. A. León-Valdez, A. M. Vázquez-Espinoza, R. Torres-Ramos, and C. García-González. "From seeds to bioenergy: a conversion path for the valorization of castor and jatropha sedes." Grasas y Aceites 73, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): e482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.0571211.
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The world’s energy matrix can be diversified with biodiesel from castor and jatropha oil. Hence, the objective of this study was to assess a conversion path for the valorization of castor and jatropha seeds. The results showed the maximum extraction of castor oil at 90 °C, 2 rpm, and 6 mm nozzle, achieving a yield of 36.97% and for jatropha oil at 100 °C, 1.5 rpm, and 10 mm nozzle, achieving a yield of 20.11%. The acid value and cloud point of castor and jatropha oil were 0.797 and 23.44 mg KOH/g, 10±1 °C and 12±0.55 °C, respectively; while the pour point was -3 °C for both. The acid value and cloud point for biodiesels ranged from 0.26-0.43 mg KOH/g, and -12.50-6.10 °C, respectively. The viscosity of oils and biodiesel ranged from 0.02-1.3 P. GC-MS indicated 66.38% of methyl ricinoleate in castor biodiesel and 31.64% of methyl oleate in jatropha biodiesel. The HHV for castor and jatropha biodiesel ranged from 32.37-40.25 MJ/kg.
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Bombo, Katlego, Tumeletso Lekgoba, Oluwatosin Azeez, and Edison Muzenda. "Production of Biodiesel from Moringa Oleifera and Jatropha Curcas Seed Oils over a Modified ZnO/Fly Ash Catalyst." Environmental and Climate Technologies 25, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 151–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/rtuect-2021-0010.
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Abstract Methyl ester biodiesel was produced from Moringa Oleifera oil and Jatropha Curcas oil with the sole aim of assessing the feasibility of the feedstocks as viable sources of biodiesel in Botswana. Oil extraction and transesterification were carried out under identical experimental conditions for both Jatropha Curcas and Moringa Oleifera biomass. Oil was extracted from seeds through a soxhlet extraction method using the solvent, n-hexane. The extracted oil was then trans-esterified at 60 °C using a methanol/oil ratio of 12:1 at a stirring rate of 350 rpm, 3 wt. % catalyst loading and 120 min reaction time. Zinc Oxide modified with fly ash was used as heterogeneous catalyst for the process. GC analysis results of biodiesels produced indicated that the highest biodiesel yield was obtained from Jatropha seed oil. Moringa biodiesel showed a greater proportion of docosanedioic acid while Jatropha biodiesel composed of oleic acid in larger proportions. Both oleic and docosanedioic acid are unsaturated methyl esters. The results obtained suggests Jatropha as the more suitable feedstock as compared to Moringa.
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Ali, Mehmood, and Saqib Jamshed Rind. "Rendimiento del motor y análisis de emisiones utilizando biodiésel de Neem y Jatropha." La Granja 32, no. 2 (August 28, 2020): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.17163/lgr.n32.2020.02.
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This paper presents the production of biodiesel from indigenous species of Jatropha curcas and Neem (Azadirachta indica) oils, then its engine performance and emission characteristics of B10 blends measured at 1000 rpm. Biodiesel production yields were found 90% and 68% by weight from Jatropha curcas and Neem (Azadirachta indica), respectively. Three prepared biodiesel blends were 10% Neem biodiesel (NB10), 10% Jatropha biodiesel (JB10) and 5% Jatropha + 5% Neem biodiesels (NJB10). The engine emission test showed less carbon monoxide production from NB10 (94 +- 2.15 ppm), followed by JB10 (100+- 2.44ppm) and NJB10 (121 +- 3.65ppm) as compared to diesel (135+- 2.18ppm). However, the carbon dioxide emissions were found higher due to the better combustion characteristics of biodiesel blends as NB10 (3.21%), JB10 (3.06%) and NJB10 (2.53%) than diesel (2.13%) by volume. The reduced amounts of sulphur dioxide (SO2) emissions were found with blended biodiesel fuel in comparison to mineral diesel. Nitrogen dioxide (NO2) emissions were 5 ppm from diesel at 73 C exhaust temperature, while it was increased by using blended biodiesel, to 8 ppm with NB10 due to higher exhaust temperatures 85;33 C. The measured engine power and torque produced from the blended biodiesel samples were slightly lower than the conventional diesel by 12% and 7.7%, respectively. The experimental results showed that an engine performance and emission characteristic of Neem biodiesel (NB10) was better as compared to other biodiesel blends.
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Rao, Muthe Srinivasa, and R. B. Anand. "Working Characteristics of a DICI Engine by Using Water Emulsion Biodiesel Fuels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1847–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1847.
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The present experimental investigation is carried out to establish the stability, compatibility and feasibility of working characteristics of DICI engine by using Jatropha biodiesel, Pongamia biodiesel and related water emulsion biodiesels. Experiments are carried out in two phases on a DICI engine test rig which includes CI engine, electric loading device, exhaust gas analysers, and a data-acquisition system. The performance and emission characteristics of the engine are studied by using neat diesel, Jatropha and Pongamia biodiesel in the first phase, and similar experiments are conducted by water – biodiesel emulsion fuels in the second phase. The water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are prepared with the aid of a mechanical homogenizer in the proportion of 10% water, 88 % biodiesel, and 2 % surfactants (by volume). Sequentially, the stability characteristics of water–biodiesel emulsion fuels are analyzed. The results indicated that slight improvement in BTE and BSFC for water – biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to biodiesel fuels. The exhaust emissions of NOx and smoke opacity were decreased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels as compared to respective neat biodiesel and neat diesel. CO & unburned HC emissions were slightly increased for the water biodiesel emulsion fuels compared to respective neat biodiesels and less than of neat diesel.
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Hossain, Abul, and Abdul Hussain. "Impact of Nanoadditives on the Performance and Combustion Characteristics of Neat Jatropha Biodiesel." Energies 12, no. 5 (March 10, 2019): 921. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12050921.
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Jatropha biodiesel was produced from neat jatropha oil using both esterification and transesterification processes. The free fatty acid value content of neat jatropha oil was reduced to approximately 2% from 12% through esterification. Aluminium oxide (Al2O3) and cerium oxide (CeO2) nanoparticles were added separately to jatropha biodiesel in doses of 100 ppm and 50 ppm. The heating value, acid number, density, flash point temperature and kinematic viscosity of the nanoadditive fuel samples were measured and compared with the corresponding properties of neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel. Jatropha biodiesel with 100 ppm Al2O3 nanoparticle (J100A100) was selected for engine testing due to its higher heating value and successful amalgamation of the Al2O3 nanoparticles used. The brake thermal efficiency of J100A100 fuel was about 3% higher than for neat fossil diesel, and was quite similar to that of neat jatropha biodiesel. At full load, the brake specific energy consumption of J100A100 fuel was found to be 4% higher and 6% lower than the corresponding values obtained for neat jatropha biodiesel and neat fossil diesel fuels respectively. The NOx emission was found to be 4% lower with J100A100 fuel when compared to jatropha biodiesel. The unburnt hydrocarbon and smoke emissions were decreased significantly when J100A100 fuel was used instead of neat jatropha biodiesel or neat fossil diesel fuels. Combustion characteristics showed that in almost all loads, J100A100 fuel had a higher total heat release than the reference fuels. At full load, the J100A100 fuel produced similar peak in-cylinder pressures when compared to neat fossil diesel and neat jatropha biodiesel fuels. The study concluded that J100A100 fuel produced better combustion and emission characteristics than neat jatropha biodiesel.
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Sapee, Syazwana, Ahmad Fitri Yusop, Mohammad Nazri Mohd Jaafar, Rizalman Mamat, Wan Asma Ibrahim, Hazir Farouk, Norwazan Abdul Rahim, Ilyia Syafira Ab Razak, Muhammad Syahiran Abdul Malik, and Zhang Bo. "Synthesis of non-edible biodiesel from crude jatropha oil and used cooking oil." MATEC Web of Conferences 225 (2018): 06008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201822506008.
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This study focuses on a feasibility study of alternative nonedible crude oil such as jatropha and used cooking oil in biodiesel production. Crude jatropha oil (CJO) and used cooking oil (UCO) were converted to biodiesel using a two-step transesterification process with presents of acid-based and alkaline-based catalysts. Each three biodiesel blends (B5, B15 and B25) have been produced by blended with conventional diesel fuel (CDF). Determination of the fuel properties for each blend including CDF, Jatropha Methyl Ester (JME) and Used Cooking Oil Methyl Ester (UCOME) have been carried out. The average yield for jatropha and used cooking oil biodiesels production was 94.3% and 92% respectively. The increment of the percentage of JME or UCOME in its blends is proportional to fuels physical properties such as density, specific gravity, kinematic viscosity and surface tension, however inversely proportional to fuels calorific value. Based on the results of this study, it is acceptable to conclude that non-edible CJO and UCO are viable alternatives to edible oil as feedstock to renewable fuel in order to reduce the greenhouse gases produced.
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Simon, Carla Da Penha, Edney Leandro da Vitória, Elcio Das Graça Lacerda, and Ismael Lourenço de Jesus Freitas. "OPERATING PERFORMANCE OF A TRACTOR WORKING WITH DIFFERENT RATIOS OF CASTOR BEAN AND JATROPHA BIODIESEL." REVISTA ENGENHARIA NA AGRICULTURA - REVENG 26, no. 1 (February 23, 2018): 35–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.13083/reveng.v26i1.844.
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There is a growing global quest for clean energy. One of the alternatives is the use of agroenergy, which is the use of vegetable and animal raw material for the production of biofuels. Among them, biodiesel stands out for its renewable and biodegradable nature. The objective of this study was to evaluate the operating performance and smoke opacity of an agricultural tractor fed with different types and ratios of castor bean and Jatropha biodiesels. The study was conducted at Fazenda Experimental CEUNES / UFES, Campus São Mateus - ES. The mixture ratios of biodiesel/diesel used were: B0 (0/100%), B5 (5% 95%), B15 (15%/85% diesel), B25 (25%/75%), B50 (50%/50%), B75 (75%/25%), and B100 (100%/0%). The results showed an increase of 20.0% and 14.8% in the specifc consumption comparing B0 to B100 of castor and Jatropha, respectively. The smoke opacity reduced 24.50% and 54.05% when working with castor and Jatropha biodiesel, respectively. The smoke opacity of the castor B100 is 65.68% higher when compared to Jatropha B100.
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Mariono, Mariono, Wahyudi Wahyudi, and Muhammad Nadjib. "Effect of Density and Viscosity on Injection Characteristic of Jatropha - waste Cooking Oil Biodiesel Mixture." JMPM (Jurnal Material dan Proses Manufaktur) 7, no. 1 (July 1, 2023): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.18196/jmpm.v7i1.17896.
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Biodiesel has an important role in the world of transportation and its existence is taken into account. So the availability of biodiesel fuel in the future will be difficult to eliminate and must continue to be fulfilled. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate to increase the availability of biodiesel fuel. Biodiesel can be made from biological materials and includes renewable energy as a substitute for diesel oil. The production of biodiesel in this study jatropha and waste cooking oil as raw materials. This study aims to determine the effect of density and viscosity on the injection characteristics of jatropha-waste cooking oil biodiesel mixtures (1:4 and 4:1) on various B5-B40 fuels. Production of biodiesel from jatropha and waste cooking oil through degumming, esterification and transesterification processes. The results showed that the jatropha-waste cooking oil biodiesel mixed with 1:4 level B15 and 4:1 mixed with B10 level complied with SNI 7182-2015 biodiesel standards. The higher the density and viscosity values of jatropha-waste cooking oil biodiesel, the narrower the spray angle and the longer the spray penetration
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Yunus, Syarifah, Amirul Abd Rashid, Syazuan Abdul Latip, Nik Rosli Abdullah, Rizalman Mamat, and Abdul Hakim Abdullah. "Performance and Emissions of Jatropha-Palm Blended Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.344.
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This paper deals with performances and emissions of Jatropha-Palm blended biodiesel as fuel for 4-stroke single vertical cylinder diesel engine. Five fuel samples were tested; i) Diesel fuel supplied by Petronas (PDF); ii) 5% of blended Jatropha-Palm biodiesel and 95% Diesel fuel (B5JPB); iii) 10% of blended Jatropha-Palm biodiesel and 90% Diesel fuel (B10JPB); iv) 15% of blended Jatropha-Palm biodiesel and 85% Diesel fuel (B15JPB); and v) 20% of blended Jatropha-Palm biodiesel and 80% Diesel fuel (B20JPB). Engine performances (specific fuel consumption, brake thermal efficiency) and emissions (exhaust gas temperature and Nox emission) were analyzed and have been discussed in this study. All tests were carried out at varied load conditions which were 0.13, 0.15, 0.17, 0.19 and 0.21 kW. The results revealed that B10JPB blended showed better engine performances compared to its other blends and comparable performances compared to PDF. Comparable Nox emitted of all Jatropha-Palm fuel blended biodiesel fuel sample has been demonstrated to those PDF.
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Fajar, Rizqon, Cahyo Setyo Wibowo, and Siti Yubaidah. "Oxidation Stability Improvement For Jatropha Biodiesel To Meet The International Standard For Automotive Applications." Scientific Contributions Oil and Gas 34, no. 1 (February 15, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.29017/scog.34.1.794.
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Biodiesel from Jatropha oil has several advantages compared to which from Palm oil, among others better cold flow properties (lower cloud point, pour point and CFPP). However, Jatropha biodiesel has an oxidation stability that is too low (2-3 hours) so that its application in the diesel engine is not acceptable. This paper reports the effect of addition of Palm bodiesel and commercial anti-oxidant on the oxidation stability of Jatropha biodiesel. The objective of this research is to find the formulation for Jatropha biodiesel which will meet the oxidation stability determined by World Wide Fuel Charter 2009 (WWFC) of min.10 hours. The required addition of BHT into Jatropha biodiesel is more than 10000 ppm to meet the WWFC specification. The addition of BHT will decrease to less than 10000 ppm if the Jatropha biodiesel was blended with Palm biodiesel as much as 60% v/v. Addition of antioxidant should be limited to a minimum value because there are also concerns about the negative effects of antioxidants on the engine components
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Deshmukh, Gopal Kumar, Ammenur Rehman, and Rajesh Gupta. "Experimental Investigations of a Compression-Ignition Engine Fuelled with Transesterified-Jatropha BiodieselDiesel Blend." July 2021 40, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 474–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22581/muet1982.2103.02.
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Jatropha-curcas biodiesel has recently been considered as one of the potential renewable energy sources in Asia. This biodiesel is produced through the transesterification process of the non-edible oil obtained from Jatropha-curcas. The properties of this biodiesel are quite similar to those of diesel fuel. However, high viscosity of pure Jatropha-curcas biodiesel adversely affects engine performance. Hence, the percentage of Jatrophacurcas biodiesel that will not cause any adverse effect on the engine must be determined. In this context, this paper experimentally investigates the performance and exhaust emission characteristics of a direct injection compression ignition engine fuelled with 25%, 50% and 100% volume basis Jatropha-curcas biodiesel with diesel. Results showed that the Jatropha-curcas biodiesel and its blends demonstrated lower values for brake thermal efficiency and exhaust emission levels than diesel, but not for nitrogen oxide levels and brake specific fuel consumption. It was observed that the blend containing 25% Jatropha-curcas biodiesel (BD25) was the best alternative for diesel fuel based on engine emissions and overall performance. Therefore, BD25 could be considered a potential alternative fuel for compression ignition engines.
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Mahmood, Tariq, Zain Ali Khan, Shahid Hassan, and Ijaz A. Chaudhry. "Performance characteristics of diesel engine using blends of Jatropha biodiesel." Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Sciences 15, no. 3 (September 19, 2021): 8219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.15282/jmes.15.3.2021.01.0645.
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Jatropha is a tropical herb and can be matured in a diverse soil with low to high rainfall. It provides a chunk of the fuel supply in the transportation and energy sectors. Jatropha biodiesel implies a diesel equivalent and consist of methyl esters. It is produced through the transesterification process which is a chemical reaction of jatropha oil with an alcohol in the presence of a catalyst. In the present work, the physical and chemical attributes of jatropha biodiesel were determined. Various blended samples of jatropha biodiesel with mineral diesel were used to run diesel engine to see the variation of the brake power, brake specific fuel consumption and brake thermal efficiency of engine with percentage increase of jatropha biodiesel in the mixture. It was observed that these properties remain unchanged for 5% and 10% blend of jatropha biodiesel to mineral diesel and hence its use is quite feasible without any change in engine design. This provides an edge to the countries having surplus lands in low rain areas to generate 10% of their energy resources for power generation and transport through the cultivation and growth of jatropha plants.
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Boccanfuso, Dorothée, Massa Coulibaly, Luc Savard, and Govinda Timilsina. "Macroeconomic and Distributional Impacts of Jatropha Based Biodiesel in Mali." Economies 6, no. 4 (November 23, 2018): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies6040063.
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Mali has introduced a program to produce biodiesel using jatropha, a shrub widely available throughout the country. The aim of the program is to partially substitute diesel, which is entirely supplied through imports, with domestically produced biodiesel. In this paper, we use a computable general equilibrium (CGE) model and a microsimulation model to analyze macroeconomic and distributional impact of a hypothetical expansion of jatropha based biodiesel industry in Mali. We find that the expansion of biodiesel industry (i.e., both jatropha farming and oil conversion), would increase GDP, though slightly, if idle lands are utilized for jatropha cultivation. However, the expansion of jatropha would cause slight loss in GDP if the existing agriculture land is used for jatropha cultivation. The distributional results are slightly different. We find that rural poverty would decrease no matter whether idle lands or existing agricultural lands are used for jatropha plantation, although the percentage reductions in rural poverty are higher in the former compared to the latter case. Our results indicate that if governments plan to promote jatropha biodiesel they should not allow jatropha to compete with food staples on the existing land. Policies should be targeted to utilize the idle lands which have not been used for any productive use.
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Yuvarajan, D., K. Pradeep, and S. Magesh Kumar. "Impact of Oxygenated Additives on Performance Characteristics of Methyl Ester in IC Engine." Applied Mechanics and Materials 852 (September 2016): 724–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.852.724.
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In this present work, the impact of blending n-butyl alcohol, a next generation biofuel with jatropha biodiesel on the performance of a diesel engine are examined. Tests were performed on a constant speed compression ignition engine using n-butyl alcohol / jatropha biodiesel blends. N-butyl alcohol was added to jatropha biodiesel by 10, 20 and 30% by volume. Performance parameters namely break thermal efficiency (BTE), Brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) and Exhaust gas temperature (EGT) were analyzed in this work. It was experimentally found that by adding n-butyl alcohol to neat jatropha biodiesel, significant reduction in viscosity was observed. In addition, break thermal efficiency was increased by 0.8 % due to improved atomization of the blends. Further, brake specific fuel and exhaust gas temperature was further reduced due to lower viscosity and improved combustion rate with addition of n-butyl alcohol to jatropha biodiesel.
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Bhatta, Khem Raj, Rupesh Lal Karna, Ajay Kumar Jha, and Surya Prasad Adhikari. "Performance and Emission Characteristics of Jatropha Biodiesel Blends in a Direct Injection CI Engine." Himalayan Journal of Applied Science and Engineering 2, no. 2 (November 30, 2021): 24–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hijase.v2i2.43393.
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The Jatropha seed oil is non edible, contains high amount of oil and less expensive feedstock. So, in this study a methyl ester biodiesel was produced from Jatropha seed oil following two step transesterification process using methanol, sulphuric acid and sodium hydroxide. The effect of Jatropha biodiesel blends and petroleum-based diesel on the performance and emission of four strokes, naturally aspired, water cooled and a direct injection diesel engine at five engine loads with a constant engine speed of 1500 rpm were examined. The physical and thermal properties of 20 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 80 % diesel (JB20) were tested on American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards and found to be within the standard. The engine performance parameters for biodiesel blends such as Indicated Power (IP), Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE), Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC), Torque, Mechanical Efficiency (ME) and Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGR) were obtained and compared with diesel fuel. At higher load, the IP of 15 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 85 % diesel (JB15) is lower than diesel and other blends. BTE of 10 % Jatropha-biodiesel and 90% diesel (JB10) increases to 5 % mainly on 50 % loading condition and at higher loading BTE of diesel is higher than jatropha biodiesel blends. For Jatropha biodiesel blends SFC was 19 % higher than diesel but at high load, SFC was nearly same for all test fuels. Mechanical efficiency of JB15 was found to be 18 % higher than diesel at higher loading. The highest exhaust gas temperature was 352.46 0C, 358.61 0C, 353.51 0C and 343.79 0C for diesel, JB10, JB15 and JB20, respectively at 3kW loading. Also, experimental results show that the smoke opacity reduced by 31.6 % with JB20 compared to diesel. From the fuel property, engine performance and emission characteristics, it is concluded that the Jatropha biodiesel up to 20 % can be blended with diesel and can be used as an alternative fuel in existing diesel engine without any modification.
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Piloto-Rodríguez, Ramón, Marianela Ortiz-Alvarez, José A. Sotolongo, and Jesús Suarez Hernández. "SUPPLY CHAIN OF JATROPHA CURCAS BIODIESEL INDUSTRY BASED ON LOCAL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION IN CUBA." South American Development Society Journal 7, no. 21 (December 10, 2021): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.24325/issn.2446-5763.v7i21p381-391.
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The Cuban efforts for the founding of a local biodiesel industry are totally focused on Jatropha based, as the main source of bioenergy for transportation in rural areas. There is no a national policy in this respect and the producers and users are dealing with the use of a blend of 15% of biodiesel of Jatropha curcas and 85% diesel fuel. This is a major challenge for the farmers and municipalities, due to risk and uncertainty in its production, profitability and land disposal, among others. The present study investigates the supply chain network and related problems of the biodiesel industry in Cuba. The Jatropha based biodiesel supply chain includes stages like seeds production, feedstock logistics such as harvesting, storage, and transportation, biodiesel production, distribution and final use in diesel engines. The critical factor is the seed production at the level needed for a stable supply of oil to the biodiesel plant. Consumables that are imported are another risk factor in the Jatropha value chain in Cuban local production. The settling of a local bioenergy market is another task for the Jatropha industry but also for the by-products generated (glycerol, Jatropha cake and husk) are also crucial for the sustainability of the industry.
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Yun, Ho May, Junaid Ahmad, Suzana Yusup, Ruzaimah Nik Mohammad Kamil, Vui Soon Chok, and Lim Mook Tzeng. "Improvement of Low Temperature Properties of Jatropha-Corn Biodiesel Blend with the Addition of Acrylic Co-Polymer." Advanced Materials Research 781-784 (September 2013): 2480–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.781-784.2480.
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Inevitable low temperature properties is one of the major problems in commercialization of pure biodiesel. Increasing the usage of edible oil in biodiesel production creates the fuel versus food controversy. This paper involves the study of cold flow properties of edible and non-edible oils biodiesel. Corn biodiesel and jatropha biodiesel are blended respectively. The blend ratio of corn methyl ester and jatropha methyl ester CME: JME (20:80) has the oxidative stability of 6.42 hours and cold filter plugging point value of-2 oC. An additive of acrylic co-polymer as the cold flow improver (CFI) reduced the CFPP value from-2 oC to-6 oC which results in better low temperature properties of corn-jatropha biodiesel blend.
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Yaqoob, Haseeb, Yew Heng Teoh, Farooq Sher, Muhammad Umair Ashraf, Sana Amjad, Muhammad Ahmad Jamil, Muhammad Musaddiq Jamil, and M. A. Mujtaba. "Jatropha Curcas Biodiesel: A Lucrative Recipe for Pakistan’s Energy Sector." Processes 9, no. 7 (June 29, 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr9071129.
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One of the greatest challenges of the 21st century is to fulfill the growing energy needs sustainably and cost-effectively. Among the different sources of energy, biodiesel is one of the alternative energy sources that has tremendous potential to become a major mainstream renewable energy mix. Jatropha is an important raw input for biodiesel that provides an ecological and sustainable solution for emerging greenhouse gas emissions over the other biomass feedstock. This paper critically evaluates different factors and presents a SWOT analysis (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats) and barriers to the adoption of Jatropha biodiesel. In Pakistan, the estimated production of Jatropha biodiesel is expected to be 2.93 million tons, that are calculated from available barren land and possible shortlisted suitable areas for Jatropha plantation. It is ~25% of the total import (11.84 million tons) of petroleum products, which can save ~$2 billion USD reserves of Pakistan. The cultivation of Jatropha on barren land is an environmentally and economically lucrative approach for Pakistan. This study has real implications for developing a policy framework related to the environment and socio-economic feasibility of Jatropha biodiesel production in Pakistan.
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Malik, Ashish, and Parlad Kumar. "Performance Characteristics of Diesel Engine Fueled by Biodiesel of Jatropha Oil and Soybean Oil." Asian Review of Mechanical Engineering 1, no. 2 (November 5, 2012): 30–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arme-2012.1.2.2299.
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Biodiesel is considered as an important renewable and alternative fuel of future. This paper focuses on the performance of biodiesel made from jatropha oil and soybean oil. The biodiesel was produced through transesterification process and it was blended with the fossil diesel. The blended mixtures were tested in an IC diesel engine attached with a dynamometer. On the basis of performance tests it was found that brake thermal efficiency of mixed jatropha and soybean biodiesel blends is nearer to pure diesel oil at different rpm. The brake specific fuel consumption obtained with biodiesel blend of mixture of jatropha and soybean oil is comparable with fossil diesel.
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Neupane, Dhurba, Dwarika Bhattarai, Zeeshan Ahmed, Bhupendra Das, Sharad Pandey, Juan K. Q. Solomon, Ruijun Qin, and Pramila Adhikari. "Growing Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a Potential Second-Generation Biodiesel Feedstock." Inventions 6, no. 4 (September 23, 2021): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/inventions6040060.
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Dwindling supplies of fossil fuels and their deleterious impacts on human health and the global environment have intensified the search for substitute energy sources. Biodiesel has been identified as a promising renewable energy substitute for diesel fuel due to several comparable and sustainable properties. However, approximately 95% of biodiesel is derived from edible oil crops, threatening the current food supplies. Therefore, the biodiesel production potential from inexpensive, non-edible, and non-conventional bioenergy crops, such as Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.), has attracted the attention of many researchers, policymakers, and industries globally. Jatropha is considered to be the second-generation biofuel feedstocks for biodiesel production. However, sustainable biodiesel generation from J. curcas oil has not yet been attained, owing to different socio-economic, ecological, and technical factors. This study aimed to synthesize the information from the existing literature on the present status and to identify the knowledge gaps for future research on Jatropha by providing comprehensive information regarding its origin and distribution, morphology, phenology, and reproduction, genetic diversity, its productivity, oil content, and fatty acid composition, the methodology used for extracting biodiesel, and agronomic, economic, and environmental aspects of biodiesel production. The germplasm screening of J. curcas and the exploration of its adaptability and agronomic potential across diverse climates are highly desired to promote this crop as an alternative biofuel crop, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions. Moreover, future research should focus on developing, optimizing, and modernizing the technologies involving seed collection, the processing of seeds, oil extraction, and the production of biodiesel.
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Duvuna, G. A., and A. A. Wara. "Determination of Operational Parameters of a Single Cylinder Two Stroke Engine Run on Jatropha Biodiesel." Advanced Materials Research 367 (October 2011): 525–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.367.525.
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The utilization of jatropha oil in a small capacity laboratory diesel engine was investigated. The Jatropha biodiesel was obtained from National Research Institute for Chemical Technology, Zaria - Nigeria. The biodiesel was within the EN, BIS and Brazil specification for biodiesel. The tested blends were 20/80%, 30/70%, 40/60% and 50/50%. Each blend was tested on a short term trial of one hour. 20/80% jatropha oil/diesel blend addition gave the maximum brake power and thermal efficiency. The exhaust gas temperatures of the jatropha oil/diesel blends were lower than that of diesel signifying lower heat loss. The percentage heat losses were lower when operated on higher jatropha oil/diesel blends. For economy of fuel, 20/80% gave specific fuel consumption values when compared to other jatropha oil/diesel blends at all engine speeds. Higher volumetric efficiencies were obtained for lower engine speeds of jatropha oil/diesel blends. Air/fuel ratio shows a decreasing trend with increase in jatropha oil content in jatropha oil/diesel blends. There was no reaction of the jatropha oil/diesel blends with engine parts as there was no engine starting problems, wear out of components or breakdown. No long term assessment, emission characteristics or endurance tests including breakdown of jatropha oil biodiesel were carried out. The research found that 20/80% blend of jatropha oil/diesel blend gave the best performance amongst all blends It is recommended that 20/80% jatropha oil/diesel blend should be used to supplement fossil fuel.
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Ganapathy, Thirunavukkarasu, Parkash Gakkhar, and Krishnan Murugesan. "An analytical and experimental study of performance on jatropha biodiesel engine." Thermal Science 13, no. 3 (2009): 69–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci0903069g.
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Biodiesel plays a major role as one of the alternative fuel options in direct injection diesel engines for more than a decade. Though many feed stocks are employed for making biodiesel worldwide, biodiesel derived from domestically available non-edible feed stocks such as Jatropha curcas L. is the most promising alternative engine fuel option especially in developing countries. Since experimental analysis of the engine is pricey as well as more time consuming and laborious, a theoretical thermodynamic model is necessary to analyze the performance characteristics of jatropha biodiesel fueled diesel engine. There were many experimental studies of jatropha biodiesel fueled diesel engine reported in the literature, yet theoretical study of this biodiesel run diesel engine is scarce. This work presents a theoretical thermodynamic study of single cylinder four stroke direct injection diesel engine fueled with biodiesel derived from jatropha oil. The two zone thermodynamic model developed in the present study computes the in-cylinder pressure and temperature histories in addition to various performance parameters. The results of the model are validated with experimental values for a reasonable agreement. The variation of cylinder pressure with crank angle for various models are also compared and presented. The effects of injection timing, relative air fuel ratio and compression ratio on the engine performance characteristics for diesel and jatropha biodiesel fuels are then investigated and presented in the paper.
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Loganathan, M., A. Anbarasu, and A. Velmurugan. "EMISSION CHARACTERISTICS OF JATROPHA-ETHANOL AND JATROPHA- DIMETHYL ETHER FUEL BLENDS ON A DI DIESEL ENGINE." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 42, no. 1 (July 30, 2013): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15941.
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In this study, Biodiesel -Dimethyl Ether (BDE) and Biodiesel Ethanol (BE) were tested in a 4-cylinderdirect-injection diesel engine to investigate the performance and emission characteristics of the engine underfive engine loads at the maximum torque. The engine speed was maintained at 1500 rpm. Here the jatropha oilis used as a non edible oil to produce the biodiesel. The ethanol and dimethyl ether is used as an additive toenhance the engine combustion. The BDE 5 (biodiesel 95% and dimethyl ether 5%) , BDE 10 (biodiesel 90%and dimethyl ether 10%) BDE 15(biodiesel 85% and dimethyl ether 15%) BE5 (biodiesel 95% and ethanol 5%),BE10 (biodiesel 90% and ethanol 10%) and BE15 (biodiesel 85% and ethanol 15%) were tested in the engine.The results indicate that when compared with neat jatropha, the engine performance increased and emissionlevel decreased with adding the ethanol and diethyl ether with methyl ester of jatropha oil. In comparison withneat jatropha, the BDE5 and BE15 blends have higher brake thermal efficiency (BTE) of 12% and 13%respectively. The experimental results showed that the CO, HC emission is decreased and NOx emission isincreased for higher blends of additives. The brakes specific fuel consumption (BSFC) decreased for BDE5 andBE5 compared to other combination of fuel.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jme.v42i1.15941
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Avila-Soler, Enrique, José Alberto García-Salazar, Esteban Valtierra-Pacheco, Roberto García-Mata, and Gabriela Hoyos-Fernández. "PRODUCCIÓN DE BIODIESEL DERIVADO DE LA JATROPHA: UN ESTUDIO DE COMPETITIVIDAD EN EL ESTADO DE CHIAPAS, MÉXICO." Revista Fitotecnia Mexicana 41, no. 4 (December 4, 2018): 461–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.35196/rfm.2018.4.461-468.
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En el año 2010 se inauguraron dos plantas productoras de biodiesel a partir de jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) en el estado de Chiapas, México, las cuales fueron apoyadas por el Programa Estatal de Desarrollo de Biocombustibles. La metodología Matriz de Análisis de Política se aplicó en un horizonte de tiempo de 20 años para determinar si la producción de biodiesel a partir de la jatropha a nivel estado es competitiva y tiene ventajas comparativas. Los resultados indican que la producción de biodiesel sería beneficiosa con una rentabilidad promedio anual de 3,249,387 pesos mexicanos. El costo de los recursos internos fue de 0.25, lo que indica que la agroindustria productora de biodiesel a partir de la jatropha es eficiente y cuenta con ventajas comparativas. La relación beneficio-costo de la inversión resultó 4.08, lo que indica una alta rentabilidad. La producción de biodiesel obtenido a partir de la jatropha en la región de estudio es rentable; por lo tanto, se recomienda la implementación de acciones y estrategias que promuevan el crecimiento de esta actividad en el estado de Chiapas.
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David, Oyebanre Olufemi, Folorunsho Segun Israel, Badmus Islamiat Toyosi, and Olayemi kazeem Oladipo. "Determination of Selected Engineering Properties of Jathropha Seed." Journal of Energy Engineering and Thermodynamics, no. 35 (August 23, 2023): 8–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.55529/jeet.35.8.18.
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Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) is a prominent renewable energy plant with great potential for biodiesel production from its seeds. This research project aimed to investigate the engineering properties of Jatropha seeds to evaluate their suitability for biodiesel production and various industrial applications. By reducing reliance on fossil diesel, Jatropha biodiesel offers the prospect of enhanced energy security and reduced environmental pollution resulting from fossil fuel combustion (Werby and Mousa, 2016). The study focused on understanding the physical, mechanical, and aerodynamic properties of Jatropha seeds. Knowledge of these properties is crucial for the design of efficient machines and equipment used in processing, handling, cleaning, transporting, and storage of agricultural products like Jatropha seeds. Specifically, the research investigated the physical characteristics of the seeds, including size, shape, color, and texture. Moisture content was analyzed using standard drying methods, while bulk density and true density were measured through displacement techniques. Results indicated that Jatropha seeds possess favorable physical properties for handling and processing. In conclusion, this research contributes valuable insights into the engineering properties of Jatropha seeds, making them a promising bioresource for biodiesel production and diverse industrial applications. Addressing the identified challenges can further enhance their potential utilization and contribute to sustainable energy practices.
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Goembira, Fadjar, and Taufiq Ihsan. "JATROPHA CURCAS PLANT AS A POTENTIAL BIODIESEL FEEDSTOCK IN INDONESIA." Jurnal Dampak 10, no. 2 (July 1, 2013): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25077/dampak.10.2.94-103.2013.
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One of the alternatives for biodiesel feedstock is oil from Jatropha curcas plant. The advantages ofusing this plant are due to its ability to grow in poor soils, different parts of the plant can also be usedfor different purposes, the by products of biodiesel productions have economic values, and biodiesel ismore environmentally friendly when it is being produced and being used, compared to mineral derivedoils. Although Indonesia has another alternative raw material for biodiesel production, i.e. palm oil,however the use of palm oil will affect its supply for the other sectors that have already established,e.g. for producing cooking oils. This situation will not happen to Jatropha curcas oil, due to itsinedible characteristic.Keywords: Biodiesel, Jatropha curcas, Indonesia
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Appavu, Prabhu, Venkata Ramanan Madhavan, Harish Venu, and Jayaprabakar Jayaraman. "A novel alternative fuel mixture (diesel–biodiesel–pentanol) for the existing unmodified direct injection diesel engine: performance and emission characteristics." Transactions of the Canadian Society for Mechanical Engineering 44, no. 1 (March 1, 2020): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/tcsme-2019-0049.
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The present study investigated the performance and emission characteristics of a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine fuelled with diesel – jatropha biodiesel – pentanol blends. The test fuels used for the experiment include diesel fuel (Diesel), 80% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) (D80J20), 70% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) – 10% pentanol (v/v) (D70J20P10), and 60% diesel (v/v) – 20% jatropha biodiesel (v/v) – 20% pentanol (v/v) (D60J20P20). Studied performance characteristics include brake specific fuel consumption and torque, while emission characteristics include carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and smoke opacity. Experimental results revealed that the addition of pentanol influenced a reduction in brake power and torque with a noticeable improvement in engine exhaust emissions. To conclude, the addition of pentanol (20%, v/v) to diesel–jatropha blends resulted in lowered CO, NOx, and smoke opacity by 41.76%, 27.6%, and 32.4%, respectively, because of improved oxygen content of the resulting ternary mixture and improved combustion efficiency.
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Achten, Wouter MJ, Erik Mathijs, Louis Verchot, Virendra P. Singh, Raf Aerts, and Bart Muys. "Jatropha biodiesel fueling sustainability?" Biofuels, Bioproducts and Biorefining 1, no. 4 (2007): 283–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bbb.39.
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Bhikuning, Annisa, Eriko Matsumura, and Jiro Senda. "Fuel Analysis of Jatropha Methyl Ester and n-Tridecane as an Alternative Fuel for the Future." MATEC Web of Conferences 153 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815301002.
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The authors proposed for new fuel between blending of jatropha methyl ester and n-tridecane. Biodiesel has an advantage in reducing emissions. Nevertheless, it has high viscosity and density and has poor spray characteristics compared to diesel fuel. The blending between n-tridecane would overcome the unwanted fuel properties. The n-tridecane and jatropha methyl ester were blended under three condition; JME25% (Jatropha Methyl Ester 25% and n-tridecane 75%), JME50% (Jatropha Methyl Ester 50% and n-tridecane 50%), and JME75% (Jatropha Methyl Ester 75% and n-tridecane 25%). The fuel properties were analyzed under biodiesel standardization from JIS K and ASTM D. FTIR analyzed also showed the characteristics of carbonyl peak that indicates as methyl ester. In the results, JME50% had met the requirements for fuel properties from biodiesel standardization.
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Sharma, Amit Kumar, Pankaj Kumar Sharma, Venkateswarlu Chintala, Narayan Khatri, and Alok Patel. "Environment-Friendly Biodiesel/Diesel Blends for Improving the Exhaust Emission and Engine Performance to Reduce the Pollutants Emitted from Transportation Fleets." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 11 (May 31, 2020): 3896. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113896.
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Biodiesel derived from biomass is a renewable source of fuel, and global application of biodiesel in the transport sector has rapidly expanded over the last decade. However, effort has been made to overcome its main shortcoming, i.e., efficiency and exhaust emission characteristics (NOx emissions) in unmodified diesel engines. Biodiesel combustion generally results in lower unburned hydrocarbons (HC), carbon monoxide (CO), and particulate matter (PM) in exhaust emissions compared to fossil diesel. In this study, various biodiesel blends (Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum) were investigated for fuel characteristics, and engine performance with exhaust emission compared to diesel. Chlorella vulgaris, Jatropha curcus, and Calophyllum inophyllum biodiesel were synthesized by the acid–base transesterification approach in a microwave reactor and blended with conventional diesel fuel by volume. The fuel blends were denoted as MB10 (90% diesel + 10% microalgae biodiesel), MB20 (80% diesel + 20% microalgae biodiesel), JB10 (90% diesel + 10% jatropha biodiesel), JB20 (80% diesel + 20% jatropha biodiesel), PB10 (90% diesel + 10% polanga biodiesel) and PB20 (80% diesel + 20% polanga biodiesel). Experiments were performed using these fuel blends with a single-cylinder four-stroke diesel engine at different loads. It was shown in the results that, at rated load, thermal efficiency of the engine decreased from 34.6% with diesel to 34.1%, 33.7%, 34.1%, 34.0%, 33.9%, and 33.5% with MB10, MB20, JB10, JB20, PB10, and PB20 fuels, respectively. Unburned hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide and smoke emissions improved with third-generation fuels (MB10, MB20) in comparison to base diesel fuel and second-generation fuels (JB10, JB20, PB10 and PB20). Oxides of nitrogen emissions were slightly increased with both the third- and second-generation fuels as compared to the base diesel. The combustion behavior of microalgae biodiesel was also very close to diesel fuels. In the context of comparable engine performance, emissions, and combustion characteristics, along with biofuel production yield (per year per acre), microalgae biodiesel could have a great potential as a next-generation sustainable fuel in compression engine (CI) engines compared to jatropha and polanga biodiesel fuels.
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Liu, Xue Jun, Hai Yan Zhang, Ning Ai, Mei Zhen Lu, Yu Min Li, Feng Wen Yu, and Jian Bing Ji. "Deacidification of Jatropha Curcas Oil by Extraction for Biodiesel Production." Applied Mechanics and Materials 291-294 (February 2013): 207–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.291-294.207.
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The acid value of jatropha curcas oil is 9.41mgKOH/g. The most of fatty acids should be removed if base catalysts are adopted to catalyze the transesterification reaction for biodiesel production in case of soap formation. In this study, methanol and ethanol were adopted to extract the fatty acids in jatropha curcas oil. Then, it was catalyzed by calcium methoxide for biodiesel production. The extracted fatty acids can be used to produce biodiesel at supercritical or sulfuric acid conditions. The results indicated that the acid value of jatropha curcas oil decrease to 0.31 mgKOH/g from 9.41 mgKOH/g using ethanol extraction for 3 times at 25°C. The biodiesel yield exceeded 96% using solid base catalyst. The advantages of methanol and ethanol extractions are low oil loss and high biodiesel yield.
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Abobatta, Waleed. "Jatropha curcas: an overview." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE 10 (February 28, 2019): 1650–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jaa.v10i0.8145.
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Jatropha curcas L. belongs to family Euphorbiaceae, Jatropha curcas is a valuable multi-purpose crop, historically it was used as medicine for wounds and leaves used as drinks against malaria, jatropha plants used to control soil degradation, alleviate erosion, desertification and increase soil fertility, however, in last decades there is more attention to use jatropha oil for produce biodiesel, Jatropha curcas is easily propagated by seeds or stem cutting, it is tolerant for drought for longtime, it is grow well with treated wastewater, also, it can be grown on marginal land. Jatropha curcas seed have about 32-40% valuable oil used to produce biofuel, therefore, it could be the source for biodiesel production particularly in arid and semiarid regions.
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Verma, Ravindra, Dinesh K. Sharma, and Prakash S. Bisen. "Determination of Free Fatty Acid Composition in Jatropha Crude Oil and Suitability as Biodiesel Feedstock." Current Alternative Energy 3, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405463103666190722163037.
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Background: Jatropha curcas is one of the most suitable plants which seeds are nonedible in nature but rich in oil. Around 350 oil bearing crops are found suitable as potential alternative fuels for diesel engine. Non-edible crop Jatropha curcas has been identified by many experts for biodiesel production in many countries like India. Objective: The objective of this study is to find out the composition of Jatropha curcas oil and its relation with engine parameters. This research covers selected aspects of physical and chemical relation of fatty acid composition of Jatropha curcas oil and its fuel properties. Methods: A gas-chromatograph with high resolution mass spectrometer was used to determine the free fatty acid composition of the Jatropha curcas oil sample. The column length, diameter and thickness were 30m, 0.25mm and 0.25μm respectively. Helium gas was used as carrier gas, column flow of 1.80 mL/min for the GC. Results: The major fatty acids found in Jatropha curcas crude oil were the oleic (3.81%), linoleic (50%), palmitic fatty (35.66%) acid. Some physical and chemical characteristics have been evaluated and found suitable for the application in engine. Oxidation stability oxidizability and cetane number has been calculated as 4.949, 1.076 and found 55.856. Conclusion: The physical and chemical properties of Jatropha crude oil are similar to the biodiesel except the viscosity; therefore, further processing is required. The fuel properties of Jatropha Curcas oil based biodiesel were found to be within the limits of American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) specifications for biodiesel and diesel fuel.
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Che Hamzah, Nurul Husna, Nozieana Khairuddin, Bazlul Mobin Siddique, and Mohd Ali Hassan. "Potential of Jatropha curcas L. as Biodiesel Feedstock in Malaysia: A Concise Review." Processes 8, no. 7 (July 6, 2020): 786. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8070786.
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Fluctuation in fossil fuel prices and the increasing awareness of environmental degradation have prompted the search for alternatives from renewable energy sources. Biodiesel is the most efficient alternative to fossil fuel substitution because it can be properly modified for current diesel engines. It is a vegetable oil-based fuel with similar properties to petroleum diesel. Generally, biodiesel is a non-toxic, biodegradable, and highly efficient alternative for fossil fuel substitution. In Malaysia, oil palm is considered as the most valuable commodity crop and gives a high economic return to the country. However, the ethical challenge of food or fuel makes palm oil not an ideal feedstock for biodiesel production. Therefore, attention is shifted to non-edible feedstock like Jatropha curcas Linnaeus (Jatropha curcas L.). It is an inedible oil-bearing crop that can be processed into biodiesel. It has a high-seed yield that could be continually produced for up to 50 years. Furthermore, its utilization will have zero impact on food sources since the oil is poisonous for human and animal consumption. However, Jatropha biodiesel is still in its preliminary phase compared to palm oil-based biodiesel in Malaysia due to a lack of research and development. Therefore, this paper emphasizes the potential of Jatropha curcas as an eco-friendly biodiesel feedstock to promote socio-economic development and meet significantly growing energy demands even though the challenges for its implementation as a national biodiesel program might be longer.
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Bojan, Sanjay Gandhi, Sam Chelladurai, and Senthil Kumaran Durairaj. "Technical Aspects of Variables Affecting Jatropha Methyl Ester Production — An Indian Case Study." Energy & Environment 23, no. 4 (June 2012): 619–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/0958-305x.23.4.619.
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Biodiesel obtained from vegetable oils as an alternative fuel for diesel engine is becoming increasingly important. The biodiesel quality and yield are affected by the properties of the oil used. The properties of the oil vary from region to region depending on the nature of the soil in which oil crops are cultivated, agricultural practices, rainfall etc. In this study the raw oil from Jatropha Curcas seeds grown in the western Ghat section of South India was tested for its physiochemical properties to determine its suitability for biodiesel production. A bench scale, compact biodiesel processor was developed locally by the authors and biodiesel was produced from raw Jatropha Curcas oil using alkali based transesterification process. The physiochemical properties of the biodiesel produced meet the ASTM standards but the yield was comparatively low (80%v/v) because of the high free fatty acid content (13.7 mg KOH/g of oil) in the raw Jatropha Curcas oil. The brake thermal efficiency of the biodiesel produced as a fuel in a four stroke single cylinder diesel engine coupled with an electric generator (34.19%) at maximum load conditions shows the possibility of utilization of biodiesel produced as a fuel in the diesel engine.
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Malarvizhi, S., and Shyamala R. Krishnamurthy. "Microbiologically Influenced Corrosion of Carbon Steel Exposed to Biodiesel." International Journal of Corrosion 2016 (2016): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4308487.
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Environmental concerns over worsening air pollution problems caused by emissions from vehicles and depletion of fossil fuels have forced us to seek fuels such as biodiesel which can supplement petrofuels. Biodiesels have the ability to retain water and provide a conducive environment for microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) which may cause difficulties during transportation, storage, and their use. This paper analyses the influence of bacteria on the corrosivity of biodiesel obtained from Jatropha curcas on carbon steel using mass loss method. Carbon steel showed the highest corrosion rates in B100 (100% biodiesel) both in the presence and in absence of bacteria. The surface analysis of the metal was carried out using SEM.
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Dinh, Khang Sy, Hung Phuoc Duong, and Tuấn Đình Phan. "ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS ASSESSMENT OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION FROM JATROPHA AND WASTE COOKING OIL (WCO)." Vietnam Journal of Science and Technology 57, no. 5 (October 8, 2019): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.15625/2525-2518/57/5/13371.
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Biodiesel that is produced from renewable resources has been rising as a promising candidate to replace conventional energy. Vietnam, with a large amount of land used in agriculture or forestry, has advantaged conditions to produce and develop renewable energy from biomass resources. However, developing biodiesel from agricultural product may affect food security significantly. Therefore, Jatropha that is inedible and waste cooking oil (WCO) could be suitable to biodiesel production. One of the most important aims of using biodiesel to replace fossil diesel is to reduce environmental impacts, particularly impact on Climate Change. It is necessary to analyze the environmental performance of biodiesel through the entire life cycle. In this paper, life cycle assessment of biodiesel production and use was applied to measure the environmental performance of biodiesel produced from jatropha oil and WCO under Vietnam conditions. Some main emissions, such as CO2, NOx, PM, CH4, VOC and land use, were computed through a cradle-to-grave analysis. The result shows that when using Jatropha biodiesel to replace diesel, global warming potential (GWP) and photochemical oxidant formation potential (POFP) could be improved, but some other impacts, such as acidification potential (AP) and eutrophication potential (EP), could tend to increase. The environmental impacts of WCO biodiesel are all reduced in comparison with fossil diesel.
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Ton, Phuong Nu Thanh, Hai Viet Le, and Hien Thi To. "BIODIESEL FROM JATROPHA SEED OIL: SYNTHESIS AND EVALUATE EMISSION FROM BIODIESEL FUEL IN DIESEL ENGINE." Science and Technology Development Journal 14, no. 4 (December 30, 2011): 75–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v14i4.2021.
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This research focused on BDF production from Jatropha seed oil and evaluation of its exhaust gas on the diesel engine in order to produce and confirm the environmental benefit of BDF. This report showed the results of research on BDF production from Jatropha seed oil and engine emissions from blend of diesel fuel and BDF from Jatropha oil. A maximum of 78% biodiesel yield was found at 2.25%w/w catalyst KOH, the optimum molar ratio of Jatropha oil to methanol of 1:6, at a reaction temperature of 550C in 45 minutes. The use of BDF blends in conventional diesel engine results in substantial reduction in emission of hydrocarbon CxHy, carbon monoxide CO and sulfates SO2, whereas NOx emission increases a little. The reason for reducing of CxHy, CO and SO2 emission and increasing NOx emission with biodiesel mixtures was mainly due to the presence of oxygen in their molecular structure.
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Marques, Marina Gabriela, Aparecido Alves Serafim Ferreira, Amanda Tavares Da Silva, Anne Silva Martins, Fernanda Correa, Carolina Dos Santos Galvão, and Fábio Santos Matos. "AVALIAÇÃO CIENCIOMÉTRICA DA PRODUÇÃO CIENTÍFICA DE PLANTAS DE Jatropha curcas L." Revista Agrotecnologia - Agrotec 9, no. 1 (June 4, 2018): 26. http://dx.doi.org/10.12971/2179-5959/agrotecnologia.v9n1p26-34.
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O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar e avaliar a quantidade e qualidade das publicações científicas com Jatropha curcas abordando Biodiesel, Genética, Biotecnologia, Farmacologia, Pragas e Doenças. Para análise cienciométrica sobre Jatropha curcas foram obtidos dados no período entre 2015 e 2016 no laboratório de informática da Universidade Estadual de Goiás-Câmpus Ipameri/GO acessando a plataforma Thomson Reuters (ISI-Web of Science), avaliando-se os artigos com base na busca dos termos chave “Jatropha curcas” e “phisic nut’. O conjunto de artigos foi organizado conforme os temas: Biodiesel, Genética, Biotecnologia, Farmacologia, Pragas e Doenças, em seguida, catalogadas as seguintes informações: Tema, título, número de autores, país de desenvolvimento, nome do periódico e fator de impacto (Journal Citations Reports-JCR). As pesquisas com Jatropha curcas são voltadas principalmente para produção de biodiesel em função do elevado teor de óleo nas sementes desta espécie. A literatura é escassa de informações a respeito dos estresses bióticos (pragas e doenças) para a cultura do pinhão manso. Os países que mais publicam trabalhos científicos com Jatropha curcas nos temas de biodiesel, genética, biotecnologia, farmacologia, pragas e doenças são Índia, China, Brasil, Malásia e Tailândia. A maior parte dos trabalhos apresentam baixo fator de impacto (JCR) e disponibilizados principalmente em língua inglesa.
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IK, Ajadi, Abdullahi NB, Musa Q, Hassan Y, and Oyegoke T. "Influence of esterification and neutralization in the production of biodiesel: a comparison study." Material Science & Engineering International Journal 6, no. 2 (June 27, 2022): 64–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/mseij.2022.06.00181.
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The challenges of emission of greenhouse gases (GhG) have triggered researchers all over the world to come up with alternative fuel sources that reduce greenhouse gas emissions. One of such alternatives is Biodiesel production from Neem and Jatropha seed oils. However, the presence of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in the oil obtained from these seeds reduces the yield of produced biodiesel. Two common methods proposed in previous literature to reduce the free fatty acids value are the Esterification and Neutralization methods. This study focused on comparing the esterification and neutralization method as a preliminary stage of biodiesel production from Neem seed and Jatropha seed oils, in an effort to advance biodiesel production in terms of yield from its process. The Neem and Jatropha seed oils were esterified with concentrated sulphuric acid and were tested for free fatty acids. Both seed oils were then refined via the degumming process, after which they were neutralized with sodium hydroxide. The study shows the neutralization method with a yield of 96% and 94% for Neem seed oil and Jatropha seed oil respectively to be more efficient than the Esterification method which produced a yield of 93.2% for Neem seed oil and 91.4% for Jatropha seed oil.
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Arun, R., Muthe Srinivasa Rao, A. Prabu, and R. B. Anand. "Experimental Investigation on DICI Engine by Using Chemical and Nano Additives Blended Biodiesel." Applied Mechanics and Materials 592-594 (July 2014): 1575–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.592-594.1575.
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An Experimental investigation is conducted to establish the feasibility of using Jatropha biodiesel in Direct Injection Compression Ignition (DICI) engines. While the biodiesel has certain limitations and adverse in terms of poor performance and high level of pollutants in the exhaust of the gases, specified chemical (Propylene Glycol, C3H8O2) and nano(Al2O3) additives are used with Jatropha biodiesel. The experiments are conducted in two phases by using an experimental test rig, which consists of a DICI engine, electric loading device, data acquisition system, and AVL exhaust gas analyzers. In the first phases of experimentation, the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are analyzed by using neat diesel and Jatropha biodiesel and in the second phase of investigation, similar experiments are conducted by using chemical and nanoadditives blended biodiesel. The results of biodiesel are compared with those of neat diesel and it is seen that the performance and emission characteristics of the engine are inferior in the case of biodiesel when compared with neat diesel. However, the results revealed that the working characteristics could be improved by selecting of proper chemical and nanoadditives in right proportions.
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Kumar, Rajan, Manoj Kumar Mishra, and Manish Kumar Roy. "Effects of Hexane Addition in Waste Plastic Fuel-Biodiesel-Diesel Blends on the Performance and Emission Characteristics of DI Diesel Engine." Automotive Experiences 5, no. 3 (September 6, 2022): 416–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.31603/ae.7248.
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The current study's sole objective is to evaluate the impact of hexane's addition to blends of diesel, waste plastic fuel, and jatropha biodiesel. Five fuel samples have been made in order to do this, including diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel (D70WPF20JB10 and D70WPF10JB20), diesel-hexane-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel (D65HX5WPF20JB10 and D65HX5WPF10JB20), and plain diesel (D100) as a reference fuel. Following thorough characterization, studies using spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, elemental analysis, and GC-MS are conducted. Finally, performance and emission tests on a direct-injection single-cylinder diesel engine were conducted. The density, flash point, and acid value of the diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel blend are observed to decrease with the addition of hexane. With the addition of hexane, the calorific value and diesel index of the fuel both rise by 0.86% and 12.5%, respectively. In the case of the hexane mix fuel samples, it is discovered that the brake thermal efficiency and volumetric efficiency are higher and the brake-specific fuel consumption is lower. Hexane is added to the diesel-waste plastic fuel-jatropha biodiesel mixture, which results in a 34 percent rise in HC emissions and a 9 percent decrease in CO emissions. Additionally, it lowers by 8% and 15%, respectively, the temperature of the exhaust gas and the fuel's NOx emissions. The fuel sample with code D65HX5WPF10JB20 exhibits the best results among all the fuel samples in terms of performance and emission analyses.
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Um Min Allah, Fazal. "Opportunities, Challenges and Future Prospects of Production and Usage of Jatropha Biodiesel as Road Transport Fuel in Romania." Applied Mechanics and Materials 822 (January 2016): 230–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.822.230.
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Primarily, Romania relies on fossil fuels for its energy needs in transport sector. Increase in prices of conventional fuels, climate change and energy security are the reasons to find alternate solutions. China, Japan, Belgium, Brazil, Tanzania, Mexico, Thailand, Malaysia, Philippines and South Africa are already using jatropha biodiesel blends with fossil fuels. Keeping in view food security, Romania has sufficient land to cultivate jatropha. In this paper we tried to find out opportunities to cultivate jatropha in Romania and its economic comparison with fossil fuel usage. On the basis of this study, recommendations will be made for the usage of jatropha biodiesel as future road transport fuel in Romania.
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Peng, De-Xing. "Lubricity characteristics of Jatropha curcas biodiesel." Industrial Lubrication and Tribology 69, no. 5 (September 4, 2017): 708–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ilt-05-2016-0117.
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Purpose Engine component endurance is related to fuel properties. Decreasing the sulfur content of a fuel reduces its lubricity, thus damaging engines and fuel systems. Therefore, promoting the use of a biofuel must involve assessing the functionality and lubricity of the fuel. Design/methodology/approach The ball-on-ring (BOR) wear tester was applied to determine the optimal additive concentration and the mechanism of reduction of the wear and friction of the diesel engine fuel injection system. The lubricating efficiency of the fuels was estimated by using a photomicroscope to measure the average diameter of the wear scar produced on the test ball. An optical microscope and scanning electronic microscope were used for wear surface examinations. Findings The wear test revealed that the wear diameter of the steel ball lubricated with either the pure petrodiesel or 20 Wt.per cent Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends was 1.36 or 1.05 mm, respectively. The experimental results indicated that when Jatropha curcas biodiesel was added into petrodiesels to reduce friction, the wear resistance of the fuel blends increased concurrently with increasing Jatropha curcas biodiesel concentration. This was attributed to the presence of stearic acid in Jatropha curcas biodiesel blends. Stearic acid has a strong affinity for metal surfaces; therefore, a chemical coating was formed between the two motion surfaces to protect the two contacted surfaces from wear. Therefore, the proposed Jatropha curcas biodiesel can be used to effectively enhance the lubricity of a petrodiesel under the condition of boundary lubrication. Originality/value Using biofuels as the fuels for diesel engines can assist developed and developing countries in reducing the impacts of their fossil fuel consumption on the environment.
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Ribeiro, Elivaldo Lozer Fracalossi, Henrique Leonardo Maranduba, Luziléa Brito Oliveira, José Adolfo De Almeida Neto, and Francisco Bruno Souza Oliveira. "Relação energética e emissão de GEE do biodiesel de pinhão manso: análise sob uma perspectiva dinâmica." Revista Produção e Desenvolvimento 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2015): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.32358/rpd.2015.v1.76.
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Considering the current conditions of fuel, the objective of this study was to evaluate the energy balance and Carbon Footprint of biodiesel from jatropha oil, considering the dynamism of the production chain. For this, after the creation of the dynamic outline, based on the linear idea, the system is divided into subsystems and the data were analyzed by means of Ecoinvent and PAS databases. Then, the activities of each subsystem were listed and had relevant information to obtain the search results. The results reinforce the potential of Jatropha biodiesel, illustrated by low emission compared to soy and castor bean biodiesel. As for the energy balance, Jatropha has a favorable relationship with respect to castor and rapeseed, with disadvantage compared to soybeans. Thus, the jatropha has shown interesting results compared with some alternative, and as it is an inevitable replacement, given the decline in oil supply, this oilseed prove increasingly promising.
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Ahmed Kadry, Ghada. "Biodiesel Production from Jatropha Seeds." American Journal of Chemical Engineering 3, no. 6 (2015): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.ajche.20150306.13.
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Ibrahim, I. S., I. T. Abdullahi, and F. Y. Muhammad. "Comparative analyses of biodiesel produced from neem and jatropha seed oil." Bayero Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 12, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 141–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/bajopas.v12i2.20.
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Biodiesel is derived from triglycerides by transesterification reaction with alcohol (ethanol or methanol), and has classified as a renewable, biodegradable, and nontoxic fuel. Several methods for biodiesel production have been developed, among which transesterification using alkali-catalysis gives high levels of conversion of triglycerides to their corresponding methyl esters in short reaction times. This study was conducted to extract the neem and Jatropha oil for the production of biodiesel using alkali-catalyzed reaction The samples were subjected to reaction with sodium hydroxide (NaOH), 0.2:1 w/v methanol (MeOH) to oil mole ratio, reaction temperature of 6°C, and 30 min reaction time. The final biodiesel yield obtained was 47.5% and 45.5% from the neem and the jaropha oil sample respectively. The basic physicochemical properties of the jatropha methyl ester produced from both jatropha oil samples were found to be within the ASTM D6751 specified limits.
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Mustapha, Aliru Olajide, Joy Adebayo Danladi, Abdulkadr Abdulrazak, Idris Adebayo Bamgbose, Ahmed Dare sarumi, Rukayat Tinuke Adeyemi, Simeon Gbenga Oladele, and Hakeem Bolakale Ayoku. "Optimization of Trans-esterification Processes from Three Indigenous Feedstock using Calcium Oxide-Based Catalyst." Samarra Journal of Pure and Applied Science 4, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 43–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.54153/sjpas.2022.v4i1.360.
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Using calcium oxide-based catalyst, optimization of two-stage trans-esterification processes at a fixed catalyst (1.0 wt. %) and molar ratio (1:6) was achieved. Processes were tested on Jatropha, Sweet Almond and Sesame seed oils to produce and compare biodiesel yields. An optimization solution of speed (629.630 rpm), temperature (26.661 oC), and time (60 min) resulted in an 83.304% for refined jatropha biodiesel (RJB) production, with an overall attractiveness of 0.853. The expected optimal yield rates of 86.915–90% obtained from various models were higher than the ASTM D 6751 and EN 14214 standards, which both required an experimental range of 46–55 % in conventional biodiesel production. The effects of speed and temperature on biodiesel yield from the refined jatropha oil (RJO), refined sweet almond oil (RSAO), and refined sesame oil (RSO) were major parameters that greatly influenced the yield, although time only changed the yield moderately.
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Ahmed, Abu Saleh, Nur Adibah Abdul Rahim, Md Rezaur Rahman, and Mohammad Shahril Osman. "Influence of Propanol as Additive with Diesel Jatropha Biodiesel Blend Fuel for Diesel Engine." Journal of Applied Science & Process Engineering 8, no. 2 (October 31, 2021): 986–1001. http://dx.doi.org/10.33736/jaspe.3570.2021.
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Fossil fuels are widely recognized as non-renewable energy resources. They play an important role in our daily life because they can be used in various applications such as the production of soap and cosmetics, as an energy source and for transportation. However, the use of these fossil fuels causes negative impacts on humans, animals and the environment. These happen due to the emission of harmful gases into the atmosphere. Not only that, the available fossil fuels are decreasing due to continuous usage by humans. As a result, researchers investigated finding alternative ways to overcome this issue by replacing diesel fuel with biodiesel. Biodiesel is more environmentally friendly relative to diesel fuel. A research study was conducted involving biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to produce Jatropha Biodiesel, as well as evaluate the properties of Jatropha biodiesel and diesel Jatropha biodiesel blended with propanol. The production of Jatropha Biodiesel was done by using two-step transesterification which was an acid-catalyzed transesterification and base-catalyzed transesterification. Different methanol to oil ratios had been used to identify the best ratio to reduce the FFA content in the CJO. 9:1 was the best methanol to oil ratio and then tested with different catalyst weights. It was found that an increase in the weight of catalyst might reduce the amount of biodiesel yield. In addition, this study also investigated and predicted the engine performance and characteristics of diesel Jatropha biodiesel blended with propanol at different blending ratios. The properties of these test fuels were studied. Bomb calorimeter, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) analysis and Diesel Engine test were done. Thus, the calorific value and functional group of the test fuels were identified and determined. The calorific value of biodiesel was much higher than conventional diesel due to the existence of oxygen. This could be proven as the analysis of FT-IR also showed a (C=O) bond which reflected the presence of oxygen. The oxygen helped in combustion besides reducing the hydrocarbon released into the air. These findings were then reflected and related to the performance of diesel engines.