Dissertations / Theses: 'Japonica ric'

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PESENTI, MICHELE. "GERMPLASM EVALUATION FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN JAPONICA RICE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/707844.

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Soil salinity is one of the environmental constraints that affect crop cultivation worldwide. Among cereals, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most salt-sensitive although cultivars can differ in their response to salt stress. In European coastal rice areas, the salt wedge intrusion phenomenon caused by the rise in the sea levels consequent to the ongoing climate changes is provoking a tendency toward salinization in the adjacent paddy fields and coastal areas where rice is grown. Thus, the identification of rice cultivars tolerant to salt stress and the dissection of salt stress tolerance mechanisms are of high interest for European rice breeding. Plant responses to salt stress are complex depending on the combination of the activity of many metabolic pathways and of the several involved genes, and thus they are difficult to control and/or engineer. Exploiting natural variation that occurs in worldwide genotypes may be a powerful approach to discover new genes and/or alleles involved in salt tolerance. Since salinity has many different effects on plants, several different tolerance mechanisms (osmotic tolerance, ion exclusion and/or tissue tolerance) exist. The predominance of a specific tolerance mechanism over others depends on salt stress intensity (severity x duration) and plant developmental stage. Concerning indica rice subspecies, several QTLs and some genes involved in the phenotypic variability in response to salt stress have been identified and exploited in breeding programs for genetic improvement of élite varieties. On the contrary, in the case of japonica subspecies, far fewer information are available. General objective of this work is the discovery of novel molecular variability at different developmental stages in japonica rice cultivars resulting in tolerance to the mild salt stress conditionsreported for some European rice areas. In major detail, possible research deliverables are the identification of QTLs, alleles and/or molecular markers exploitable in future genetic improvement programs. The stated goal was pursued by a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using a panel of 277 accessions of japonica rice already genotyped-by-sequencing producing 31,421 SNPs. The accession panel was subjected to a two-year phenotyping through the evaluation, at different growth stages, of traits [leaf visual injuries score (SES), tillering rate, plant height, flowering time, flag leaf chlorophyll index, and flowering time] sensitive to salt stress. For these activities, plants were grown in greenhouse environment, in pots filled with paddy soil maintained submerged and, starting from the 4th leaf stage, subjected to about 5 dSm-1soil electric conductivity (ECe) by the addition of adequate NaCl amounts.For all the measurements obtained from the two-years data, the Least Mean Square (LMS) were calculated. To be able to compare two-year data and different parameters with different range amplitudes, all data were standardized by Z-score transformation, and subjected to two-step cluster analysis, achieving a Core Collection of the 5 most tolerant and the 5 most susceptible varieties in response to salt stress. Moreover, the seed germination dynamics and the seedling emergence rate were analyzed under high salt environment (150 mM NaCl for germination, and about 10 dSm-1 soil ECe for emergence) in a single-year experiment. For each of the 277 rice accessions the effect of salt on each trait was evaluated in terms of Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) evaluating the performance of a single accession in relation to the whole collection. An association analysis between the phenotyping and the GBS results was carried out using Tassel 3.0 to calculate a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). The critical p-values for assessing the significance of SNPs were calculated based on a False Discovery Rate (FDR) separately for each trait; a FDR cut-off of α 0.05 was used for determining significance. Currently, a total of 33 Marker-Trait Associations (MTAs) between SNPs and the analyzed salt stress-related traits have been identified. Several loci were subsequently identified by intersecting the MTAs with the genes annotated on the Nipponbare reference genome. GWAS analysis carried out on germination and emergence parameters highlighted the presence of interesting associations between two markers and two loci in linkage disequilibrium with them: Os09g0369400 and Os07g0485000, coding for a Trehalose 6-Phosphate Phosphatase 7 (OsTPP7) and a Trehalose 6-Phosphate Phosphatase 10 (OsTPP10), respectively, known to be involved in anoxia and salt stress response. Members of the OsTPPs family playing a role in the Trehalose-6P (T6P)/SnRK1 system that regulates the C-metabolism under stress conditions. Indeed, high levels of T6P inhibit the cell energetic metabolism that is, on the contrary, stimulated when T6P is dephosphorylated by TPPs activities. The possible involvement of OsTPP7/10 in this regulative network and in the different salt sensitiveness of the different rice accessions has been investigated in two japonica accessions Olcenengo and SR113, salt tolerant and sensitive, respectively. The results obtained indicate that under salt condition (NaCl 150 mM) the coleoptile growth rate is less affected in Olcenengo where the T6P levels are quite lower than in SR113. The rate of growth in the controls appeared after 24 h from sowing and it was greater in Olcenengo than in SR113. Salt stress reduces coleoptile growth rate in each genotype but in SR113 the effect was more marked. In salt condition, Olcenengo showed a higher and earlier OsTPP10 expression than SR113; this could trigger SnRK1 activity and thus the mobilization of starch (α-amylase activity), supporting the energy needed for seed germination and coleoptile elongation under salt stress. The data confirmed that in the general framework of stress tolerance, members of the OsTPPs family play a key role to overcome saline stress during the first stages of germination. Moreover, on the basis of GWAS carried out on SES parameter, a QTL including a few genes that in the indica rice genome are localized within the major salinity tolerance-related QTL ‘SalTol’ have been identified. Among them, the gene encoding the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase 6 (OsOVP6) is present. Since OsOVP6 activity is suggested to be important in the network of the transport activities concerning Na+ and K+ transmembrane movement related to plant salt stress susceptibility/tolerance, an in depth physiological approach evaluating this possibility has been conducted. Two japonica salt-tolerant varieties (Galileo and Virgo), one japonica rice variety (PL12) known to be salt-susceptible, and the salt-tolerant indica genotype FL478 (containing the ‘SalTol’ QTL) have been considered. The Na+/K+ ratio, Na+ influx and K+ efflux, H+ extrusion, cytosolic and vacuolar pH by in vivo 31P-NMR techniques were evaluated in roots. The results obtained, together with the electrophysiological evaluation of the whole root Na+ conductance, allow to define a picture that may explain the different salt tolerance observed among the genotypes analyzed. In this picture, OsOVP6 plays a central role. In general, good variability within the population was observed for all the analyzed parameters. Salt stress tolerance is a multi-genic complex trait, and GWAS has proven to be a powerful tool for detecting natural variation underlying complex traits in crops. Through association analysis, several MTAs have been highlighted, with the identification of interesting loci, involved in the salt stress response. In particular, the idea of the function of two genes belonging to the OsTPPs family has been reinforced, confirming that in the general framework of salt tolerance, OsTPPs play a key role to overcome the stress during the germination stages. In this context, two varieties with contrasting behavior have been identified within the collection, Olcenengo and SR113, very tolerant and susceptible, respectively. Moreover, the idea of the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase function has been reinforced, too, since OsOVP6 activity is suggested to be important in the network of the transport activities concerning Na+ and K+ transmembrane movement related to plant salt stress tolerance. Finally, by evaluating the overall performance of each genotype of the population in relation to each parameter measured along the two-years experiment, a "core collection" of the 5 most tolerant and the 5 most susceptible varieties has been identified.

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Slamet, Inez Hortense. "Protoplast culture and somatic hydridisation of Indica and Japonica rice cultivars." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335365.

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Cheng, Chen. "Semi-global Analysis of the Early Cold Stress Response Transcriptome of Developing Seedlings of Rice (Oryzasativa L.,japonica)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChengC2006.pdf.

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Ferreres, Contreras Irene. "Plant physiology and biotechnology for the study and improvement of Mediterranean japonica rice varieties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673999.

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Rice belongs to the Poaceae family and Oryza genus. The genus Oryza comprehends 24 species, being 22 wild and 2 cultivated. These two cultivated species correspond to Oryza sativa, originated in Asia, nowadays cultivated and consumed worldwide, and Oryza glaberrima, originated in Africa, but cultivated and consumed limitedly in West Africa, both are diploid (2n=24) (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Wei & Huang, 2019). Traditionally, Oryza sativa has been classified into two subspecies, indica and japonica. Molecular analyses, as well as biochemical and hybrid sterility analyses, point out at the separate domestication of Oryza rufipogon populations as the origin for these two subspecies (Garris et al., 2005; Rakshit et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2012), with a gene flow present from japonica to indica (Yang et al., 2012). Indica rice is usually long grained, less sticky and with a lower level of amylopectin than japonica rice, which is short grained and sticky. There are also phenotypical differences between these subspecies, for example, japonica plants are generally shorter, the leaves have a lighter color and shaper shape. Also, the tiller number is lower in japonica than in the indica plants (Wei & Huang, 2019). The O. sativa plant is a semiaquatic annual monocot grass although rice can live as perineal in the tropics (McLean et al., 2013). The plant has a height that varies from 80 to 150 centimeters depending on the variety and growing conditions (Bernis & Pamies, 2006), or even less in modern varieties. Its morphology varies according to the development stage, this being the vegetative phase or the reproductive phase. The vegetative phase includes the germination, the seedling and the tillering stage. The reproductive phase comprehends panicle initiation, also called heading, and flowering stages. As a food, rice contributes to the 20% of calories ingested worldwide (Kubo & Purevdorj, 2004), reaching half of the calories ingested daily in some areas (Counce et al., 2000). In terms of consumption, as well as production, Asia is the main continent (McLean et al., 2013). The rice production and consumption in Europe is minor compared to Asia. Despite that, rice holds an important sociocultural role since it is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet. Some regions have developed famous rice dishes, like risotto in Italy or paella in Spain. The annual rice consumption per capita in Europe is 6-18 kilograms in the southern regions, and 3.5-5.5 kilograms in the northern regions (McLean et al., 2013). The main European producer is Italy, followed by Spain. These two countries hold more than 75% of the total rice production in Europe. Rice in Europe is also of ecological importance, due to the great biodiversity that inhabits and benefits from the paddy fields. Around 70-80% of rice cultivated in Europe are japonica varieties, and the rest indica (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Ferrero, 2007). Agriculture is the most important bioeconomy sector in Spain, with a value of 43.8 million of euros in 2015 and coping the 50.9% employment of all bioeconomy sectors (Lániez & Periago, 2016). Rice mobilized 258.766 millions of euros in Spain in 2019 (MINECO, 2019). Thus, the studies dedicated to improving different aspects of the rice production in Spain are crucial. This thesis has made a multidisciplinary approach, from genetics to the field, in order to study Mediterranean rice varieties considering its actual applicability for the Spanish rice industry through three experimental approaches: (i) an improvement of the anther culture protocol for two Mediterranean temperate japonica varieties and two tropical japonica varieties trough the addition of additives to the media; (ii) testing the salt-tolerance of Saltol-introgressed varieties to select those that will help to fight the apple snails plague in the Ebro Delta; and (iii) a study of genetic and physicochemical aspects of the rice pearl in five Mediterranean varieties, an important feature in gastronomical terms.

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Filho, Ivan Bezerra Quevedo. "Parboiled rice whole bran feeding japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stages of growth and production." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9202.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior
This study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of parboiled rice bran (PRWB) in diets of Japanese quail in the growing and production. In the first experiment, we used 324 Japanese quails with seven days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications of nine birds. Treatments consisted of six diets isonutritives, being a control diet without PRWB and the other containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of PRWB. The diets were offered ad libitum within 7 to 42 days and at the end of the growth phase the birds were transferred to the production hall being fed the same ration posture for 63 days. In the growth phase, the inclusion of PRWB above 5% linearly reduced digestibility of dry matter and gross energy of the feed, and from 14.27% in nitrogen digestibility, having, however, a linear increase in metabolizing energy. Feed intake, weight gain and final weight reduced without changing the feed conversion and body composition. During production, the addition of PRWB in the diet increased the growth of age at first egg production without influence (p <0.05) age to reach 50% yield, laying percentage, feed intake, weight and egg mass and feed conversion. Although there was some reduction of parameters when the PRWB increased above 5%, there was no deterioration in performance of birds fed different levels of PRWB in relation to the control group. Furthermore, the use of up to 25% PRWB provided the best economic feasibility. In the second experiment, a total of 448 quails at 17 weeks of age were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and eight replicates of eight birds. We tested a control diet (without PRWB) and six diets containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% PRWB. Rising levels of PRWB not influence the digestibility of nutrients, harnessing the energy of the diets, consumption, production, weight, and egg mass indices and economic feasibility. As for the quality of the eggs, we observed a linear decrease in the percentage of egg specific gravity and yolk color, with increasing inclusion of PRWB, while the percentage of yolk, albumen and Haugh units were not affected significantly. Whereas the utilization of nutrients in the ration and the performance of birds fed 30% inclusion of PRWB was not significantly lower than that obtained for the control group, while the quality of the shell, although they differ significantly from the results obtained with control diet are - within the average values reported. Thus, we can recommend the inclusion of parboiled rice bran in diets for Japanese quail at levels up to 25% in the growth phase and 30% in the production phase.
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusÃo de farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) nas raÃÃes de codornas japonesas nas fases de crescimento e produÃÃo. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas 324 codornas japonesas com sete dias de idade, distribuÃdas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, seis repetiÃÃes de nove aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis raÃÃes isonutrientes, sendo uma raÃÃo controle, sem FIAP e as demais contendo 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de FIAP. As raÃÃes foram oferecidas Ã vontade no perÃodo de 7 a 42 dias e ao final da fase de crescimento as aves foram transferidas para o galpÃo de produÃÃo sendo alimentadas com a mesma raÃÃo de postura por 63 dias. Na fase de crescimento, a inclusÃo de FIAP acima de 5% promoveu reduÃÃo linear na digestibilidade da matÃria seca e da energia bruta da raÃÃo e, a partir de 14,27%, na digestibilidade do nitrogÃnio, havendo, no entanto, aumento linear na metabolizaÃÃo de energia. O consumo de raÃÃo, ganho de peso e peso final reduziram sem alterar a conversÃo alimentar e a composiÃÃo corporal. Na fase de produÃÃo, a adiÃÃo de FIAP na raÃÃo de crescimento aumentou a idade para produÃÃo do primeiro ovo, sem influenciar (p<0,05) a idade para atingir 50% de produÃÃo, percentagem de postura, consumo de raÃÃo, peso e massa de ovos e conversÃo alimentar. Embora tenha ocorrido reduÃÃo de alguns parÃmetros quando se aumentou o FIAP acima de 5%, nÃo houve piora no desempenho das aves alimentadas com os diferentes nÃveis do FIAP em relaÃÃo aos do grupo controle. AlÃm disso, o uso de atÃ 25% de FIAP proporcionou a melhor viabilidade econÃmica. No segundo experimento, um total de 448 codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram pesadas e distribuÃdas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e oito repetiÃÃes de oito aves. Foram testadas uma dieta controle (sem FIAP) e seis dietas contendo 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30% de FIAP. Os crescentes nÃveis de FIAP nÃo influenciaram o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, o aproveitamento da energia das raÃÃes, o consumo, produÃÃo, peso e massa de ovos e os Ãndices de viabilidade econÃmica. Quanto Ã qualidade dos ovos, observou-se reduÃÃo linear na percentagem de casca, gravidade especÃfica e cor da gema, com o aumento da inclusÃo de FIAP, enquanto o percentual de gema, de albÃmen e unidades Haugh nÃo foram influenciados significativamente. Considerando que o aproveitamento dos nutrientes da raÃÃo e o desempenho das aves alimentadas com atÃ 30% de inclusÃo do FIAP nÃo foi significativamente inferior ao obtido para o grupo controle, enquanto que as caracterÃsticas de qualidade de casca, apesar de diferirem significativamente dos resultados obtidos com a raÃÃo controle, encontram â se dentro dos valores mÃdios descritos na literatura. Assim, pode-se recomendar a inclusÃo do farelo integral de arroz parboilizado em raÃÃes para codornas japonesas em nÃveis de atÃ 25% na fase de crescimento e 30% na fase de produÃÃo.

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Orasen, G. "GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF JAPONICA RICE PERFORMANCES UNDER ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING AND PERMANENT FLOODING CONDITIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/544806.

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A rice GWAS panel of 281 accessions of japonica rice was phenotypically characterized for traits related to phenology, plant and seed morphology, physiology, yield and grain ionome for two years in field conditions under permanent flooding (PF) or AWD. A genome-wide analysis approach uncovered a total of 360 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), of which 105 were AWD-specific, 178 were PF-specific and 77 were in common between the two water management systems. AWD-specific associations were identified for several agronomic traits including days to maturation, days from flowering to maturation, leaf traits, plant height, panicle and seed traits, hundred grain weight, yield, tillering, mineral nutrient and toxic trace elements level in grains. Significant MTAs were detected across all the 12 rice chromosomes. The analysis of genes annotated in the Nipponbare reference sequence and included in the regions associated to the analyzed traits allowed the identification of several loci known to affect the respective traits. The high number of MTAs identified open new perspectives for the development of functional genomic and breeding strategies.

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秋山, 吉寛, and Yoshihiro B. Akiyama. "Host Fish Species for the Glochidia of Anodonta japonica Inhabiting Drainage Ditches for Rice Cultivation in Hikone City." 日本貝類学会（Malacological Society of Japan）, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15513.

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Finatto, Taciane. "Análise transcriptômica de genes e LTR retrotransposons em arroz (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) em resposta à toxidez por ferro." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2064.

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Iron toxicity in plants is associated with the presence of large concentrations of reduced iron (Fe2+) in the soil solution, which occurs in flooded soils and affects rice plants grown under this condition. Symptoms of iron toxicity involve oxidative stress in leaves, as a response to excessive Fe2+ absorption by the roots. The responses of plants to stress conditions include stimulus perception, signal transduction and gene transcription activation. Besides gene expression, LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) retrotransposons represent ca. 22% of the rice genome, they can be transcriptionally activated under stress, and they can alter the expression of adjacent genes (e.g. due to alterations in chromatin structure). This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and LTR retrotransposons in leaves of 18-day-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) after four days of iron excess exposure. They were identified a differential expression of genes and LTR retrotransposons in rice exposed to iron excess using a microarray approach. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 18-day-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica cv. Nipponbare) after four days of cultivation in nutrient solution with iron excess (7 mM of FeSO47H2O) and in a control solution. The hybridization was performed with cDNA and rice transposome array v. 2.0 microarray (Roche/NimbleGen technology, an improvement of v.1.0, Picault et al., 2009). Data from gene expression was analyzed by the Bayesian t-test with BH adjustment method. Gene annotation, gene ontology, and LTR retrotransposon identification were performed at RAP-DB (Rice Annotation Project Database, build 5), and microarray results were validated by RT-qPCR. Considering log2 FC (log2-fold-change) ≤ -1 as underexpression and ≥ 1 as overexpression (p-values ≤ 0.05), 44 down-regulated and 1,572 up-regulated genes with described function were identified. Down-regulated genes were related to a wide range of functions and no gene family could be highlighted. Among the up-regulated genes, 166 were transcription factors, the most representative belonging to the Zinc finger RING/FYVE/PHD-type family (22) and WRKY family (19); other genes were from the kinase family, participating in biological processes of protein amino acid phosphorylation (86); had molecular function of iron ion binding (56); were involved in response to oxidative stress (scavenging of reactive oxygen species) (26); had molecular function of transport activity (84), including four genes related to heavy metal transport/detoxification and four genes of the multi antimicrobial extrusion protein MATE family; and were involved in the biological process of apoptosis (14), including 10 genes of NB-ARC. Among the up-regulated genes, 435 present at least one cis-regulatory element responsive to abscisic acid (ABA) with significant occurrence (P≤0.05) in its promoter region (1 kbp upstream of the transcription start site). These data indicate that about 28% of the up-regulated genes can be regulated by changing in the ABA content in leaves in response to iron excess. Regarding expression of LTR retrotransposons, 302 were down-regulated (53 Ty1/Copia, 172 Ty3/Gypsy and 77 unclassified), and 4342 up-regulated (466 Ty1/Copia, 2276 Ty3/Gypsy and 1600 unclassified). They were observed a large activity of LTR retrotransposons in response to iron toxicity, and furthermore, they were verified that LTR retrotransposons transcription can extend to 5' and 3' flanking regions. In addition, 16 situations that should up-regulated LTR retrotransposons are located at a very short distance (smaller than 1000 base pairs) in the same chromosome of up-regulated genes suggesting co-transcription, these occurrences are represented by eight where the LTR retrotransposon and the gene have the same sense of transcription (plus); five occurrences with the both with the same sense of transcription (minus) and one occurrence where they have opposite senses. Additionally, two occurrences that in which both, DNA sequences of up-regulated retrotransposon and gene, are overlapped and have the same sense of transcription.
A toxidez por ferro em plantas está associada com a presença de grandes concentrações de ferro (Fe) reduzido (Fe2+) na solução do solo, esta condição pode ocorrer em solos irrigados por inundação. Os sintomas de toxidez por ferro incluem estresse oxidativo nas folhas como resultado do excesso de Fe2+ absorvido pelas raízes, resultando em perdas na produtividade. As respostas das plantas às condições de estresse envolvem a percepção dos estímulos, transdução de sinais e ativação da transcrição gênica. Além da expressão gênica, os LTR retrotransposons (Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposons) que respresentam cerca de 20% do genoma do arroz, podem ser transcricionalmente ativados em condições de estresse e desta forma, influenciar a expressão de genes adjacentes (por exemplo devido a alterações na estrutura da cromatina). Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar genes e LTR retrotransposons diferencialmente expressos em plântulas de arroz (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare), após quatro dias de exposição ao excesso de ferro em solução nutritiva. A expressão diferencial de genes e LTR retrotransposons foi analisada utilizando a técnica de microarranjo e sua validação foi realizada por meio de RT-qPCR. O RNA total foi extraído de folhas de plântulas de arroz cv. Nipponbare, após quatro dias de cultivo em solução nutritiva adicionada de ferro na concentração de 7 mM (FeSO47H2O) (presença de toxidez) e a condição controle com presença de ferro na concentração de 10 μM. O cDNA fita dupla foi sintetitizado a partir do RNA mensageiro. A hibridização foi realizada entre o cDNA das duas condições em triplicatas biológicas e o microarranjo Rice Transposome Array v. 2.0 (Roche/NimbleGen technology, an improvement of v.1.0, Picault et al., 2009). Os valores de intensidade de cada spot foram normalizados, transformados e comparados pelo teste T Bayesiano. A identificação dos genes e LTR retrotransposons foi realizada de acordo com o banco de dados RAP-DB (Rice Annotation Project Database, build 5). Considerando log2 FC (log2-fold-change) ≤ -1 como subexpressão e ≥ 1 como superexpressão e P≤ 0.05 para ambas condições. Foram identificados 44 genes subexpressos e 1.572 superexpressos com funções descritas. Os genes subexpressos desempenham a uma vasta gama de funções. Entre elas destacam-se: 166 genes que são fatores de transcrição, sendo que os mais representativos pertencem à família Zinc finger RING/FYVE/PHD-type family (22 genes) e WRKY (19 genes); outros genes da família das cinases que participam também da sinalização celular em processos biológicos de fosforilação de aminoácidos nas proteínas (86 genes); outros genes com função molecular de ligação ao íon ferro (56 genes); 26 genes envolvidos na resposta ao estresse oxidativo (scavengers de espécies reativas de oxigênio); 84 genes com função molecular de transporte, incluindo quatro genes relacionados ao transporte e detoxificação de metais pesados e quatro genes da família MATE; 14 genes envolvidos em apoptose, incluindo 10 genes NB-ARC. Entre os genes superexpressos, 435 apresentam pelo menos um elemento regulatório de ação cis responsivo ao ácido abscisico (ABA) com ocorrência significativa (P≤0,05) em sua região promotora (1 kbp a montante do sítio de início da transcrição). Estes dados indicam que cerca de 28% dos genes superexpressos podem ser regulados pelas alterações no conteúdo de ABA nas folhas, em resposta ao estresse por excesso de ferro. Considerando a expressão do LTR retrotransposons, 302 apresentaram subexpressão (53 Ty1/Copia, 172 Ty3/Gypsy e 77 não classificados), e 4.342 apresentaram superexpressão (466 Ty1/Copia, 2276 Ty3/Gypsy e 1600 não classificados). Foi constatada grande atividade transcricional dos LTR retrotransposons em resposta à toxidez por ferro, sendo que a transcrição dos LTR retrotransposons pode se estender às suas regiões flanqueadoras 5 e 3 , além disso foram encontradas 16 ocorrencias em que o LTR retrotransposon e o gene superexpresso estão localizados a uma distância menor do que 1000 pares de bases no mesmo cromossomo, sugerindo co-transcrição entre ambos. Entre as 16 ocorrências, oito em que o LTR retrotransposon e o gene apresentam o mesmo sentido de transcrição (plus); cinco ocorrências com mesmo sentido de transcrição (minus) e uma ocorrência onde LTR retrotrotransposon e gene apresentam sentidos de transcrição opostos. Foram observadas ainda, duas ocorrências em que as sequencias de DNA do LTR retrotransposon e do gene superexpressos estão sobrepostas, e apresentam o mesmo sentido de transcrição.

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Conti, Daniela de. "Caracterização anatômico-fisiológica e molecular da compatibilidade reprodutiva de ameixeiras japonesa." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2054.

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The Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a fruit of great prominence worldwide. In Brazil, one of the most widely cultivated species of plum, because it presents climatic conditions favorable to its cultivation. However, some factors limit the increase in domestic production of plum trees, among them stands out the gametophytic self-incompatibility, due to the presence of a multiallelic codominant locus, containing the so-called S-alleles. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify physiologically and molecularly S-alleles of Japanese plum cultivars related to gametophytic self-incompatibility. For physiological characterization were carried out controlled pollination experiments in the experimental field of Embrapa, Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS) and the pollination in vivo in laboratory, three cultivars of Japanese plum (América, Gulf Rubi and Gulf Blaze) which were evaluated fruit set and pollen tube growth (CTP), respectively. For molecular characterization, experiments were performed in the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Characterization, (UFPel / RS). To this end, we analyzed 19 Japanese plum cultivars by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with two pairs of specific primers for amplification of S-alleles. Crossings 'Gulf Blaze' x Gulf Rubi' Gulf Rubi x 'Gulf Rubi' and 'Gulf Rubi' x 'Gulf Blaze' had a fruit set of 11.36%, 3.84% and 9.94% respectively. In vivo pollination CTP reached the egg or ovarian in these crosses, with the exception of self-pollination of 'Gulf Rubi'. There was no fruit set in the field, self-pollination in 'América' and 'Gulf Blaze' and crossing 'América x' Pluma 7 '. The CTP in these crosses did not reach the egg, with the exception of self-pollination of 'Gulf Blaze'. Only the cross between 'América' x 'Pluma 7' are incompatible, and America is a self-incompatible cultivar. In amplification of S-alleles was possible to obtain the effective characterization of alleles-S of cultivars studies, as well as, the choice of pollinating more compatible with the cultivars producing. The cultivars América and Santa Rosa; Blood Plum, Wickson, Rosa Mineira, Estrela Púrpura and Planta 21 showed incompatibility between them.
A ameixeira japonesa (Prunus salicina Lindl.) é uma frutífera de grande destaque mundialmente. No Brasil, é a espécie de ameixeira mais cultivada, pois apresenta grande número de cultivares adaptadas as diferentes condições climáticas das regiões onde é cultivada. Porém, alguns fatores limitam o aumento da produção nacional de ameixeiras, entre eles destaca-se a autoincompatibilidade gametofítica, devido à presença de um loco multialélico, contendo os denominados alelos-S. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fisiologicamente e molecularmente os alelos-S de cultivares de ameixeira japonesa relacionados à autoincompatibilidade gametofítica. Para a caracterização fisiológica, realizaram-se experimentos de polinização controlada no campo experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS) e polinização in vivo, em laboratório, de três cultivares de ameixeira japonesa (América, Gulf Blaze e Gulf Rubi) onde foram avaliados a frutificação efetiva e o crescimento do tubo polínico (CTP), respectivamente. Para a caracterização molecular, os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas Caracterização Molecular, (UFPEL/RS). Para tal fim, foram analisadas 19 cultivares de ameixeira japonesa, por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com dois pares de primers específicos para amplificação de alelos-S. Nos estudos de compatibilidade reprodutiva, a cv. América apresentou alto fruit set quando polinizada com as cvs. Rosa Mineira (26,7%), Amarelinha (8,7%) e Reubennel (12,7%). Os cruzamentos Gulf Blaze x Gulf Rubi , Gulf Rubi x Gulf Rubi e Gulf Rubi x Gulf Blaze obtiveram um fruit set de 11,36%, 3,84% e 9,94%, respectivamente. Na polinização in vivo o CTP atingiu o óvulo ou ovário nesses cruzamentos, com exceção da autopolinização da Gulf Rubi . Não houve frutificação efetiva, no campo, na autopolinização América e Gulf Blaze e no cruzamento América x Pluma 7 . O CTP nesses cruzamentos não chegou a atingir o óvulo, com exceção da autopolinização da Gulf Blaze . Apenas os cruzamentos América x Pluma 7 são incompatíveis e a cultivar América é autoincompatível. Na amplificação de alelos-S, foi possível obter a efetiva caracterização de alelos-S das cultivares estudadas, bem como, a escolha das polinizadoras mais compatíveis com as cultivares produtoras. Verificou-se que as cultivares América e Santa Rosa; Blood Plum, Wickson, Rosa Mineira, Estrela Púrpura e Planta 21, apresentaram incompatibilidade entre si.

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Lu, Chuangen. "Survey and Application of Segregation-Distortion-Neutral Alleles to Improve Pollen Fertility in indica-japonica Hybrid Rice Breeding (Oryza sativa L.)." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181072.

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MARTINEZ, Martin Fabreau. "Trânsitos, conexões e narrativas de imigração em um contexto transnacional : uma etnografia em Rio Bonito PE." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2010. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/1104.

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Esta Dissertação de Mestrado é resultado de dois anos de trabalho etnográfico com foco na Colônia Agrícola Japonesa de Rio Bonito PE, um dos três pontos principais de concentração nikkei no Estado de Pernambuco junto com Recife e Petrolina. Através da experiência de trabalho de campo assim como da análise de discursos orais e escritos, ademais de fazer uma composição de lugar historiográfica e cultural, procuro mostrar e abordar a emergência de dinâmicas transnacionais e de entender como operam em diferentes espaços de sociabilidade. Os colonos de Rio Bonito sempre têm estabelecido e estabelecem até o dia de hoje, diversas conexões Brasil-Japão, Bonito-Recife, Bonito-Sudeste, e isso tem um correlato na formação de comunidades que transcendem o local assim como também na configuração de novas sínteses identitarias. Em diálogo com o anterior, que em grande medida é conseqüência do processo de globalização, também analiso como se constrói e opera o componente étnico-identitario do grupo assim como as formas de pertença ao lugar; desta forma se amostram a identidade operando em dois planos em tensão: o plano local e o global

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Aires, de Los Santos Alfredo Fernando. "Memórias da cultura japonesa no rio grande do sul (1970-980): lembranças dos senseis de karate-do shotokan." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/172126.

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O Karate-do, quando visualizado enquanto uma prática esportiva, é um fenômeno sociocultural sustentado por uma base histórica, dotado de sentidos e significados. Tal prática de luta suscita representações de identidades culturais nos grupos de praticantes. As identidades culturais são construções históricas inseridas em determinado contexto social que, no decorrer das transformações do tempo e do espaço, são também modificadas, negociadas, reconstruídas. Como criação cultural e social, a identidade cultural não é inerente ao sujeito, não nasce com ele, mas é produzida em uma relação de interdependência com o diferente e com o semelhante. O presente estudo tem como objetivo investigar as memórias da cultura japonesa no Rio Grande do Sul nas décadas de 1970 e 1980, a partir das lembranças dos senseis de Karatê Shotokan. A escolha para esse recorte temporal refere-se à década de chegada do Sensei Tasuke Watanabe ao Rio Grande do Sul, o responsável pela introdução do estilo Shotokan no Estado e encerra com o afastamento do referido sensei do estado do Rio Grande do Sul. A presente pesquisa utilizou-se do método qualitativo para obtenção e análise das informações. As entrevistas foram escolhidas como fonte de coleta de informações por constituírem-se em uma estratégia que permite o estabelecimento de um vínculo melhor e de maior profundidade com o entrevistado. Por intermédio das fontes analisadas foi possível entender o contexto do recorte temporal apresentado e pudemos observar que houve por intermédio da prática do karate-do a transferência de elementos da cultura japonesa nos seus participantes e também pudemos verificar que não houve problemas de aceitação dos elementos da Cultura Japonesa dentro da Cultura Sul Rio Grandense por causa da grande miscigenação que existe no Rio Grande do Sul pela sua colonização europeia.
Karate-do, when visualized as a sports practice, is a sociocultural phenomenon sustained by a historical basis, endowed with meanings and meanings. Such a practice of struggle raises representations of cultural identities in groups of practitioners. Cultural identities are historical constructions inserted in a certain social context that, in the course of the transformations of time and space, are also modified, negotiated, reconstructed. As cultural and social creation, cultural identity is not inherent in the subject, not born with it, but is produced in a relation of interdependence with the different and with the like. The present study aims to investigate the memories of Japanese culture in Rio Grande do Sul in the 1970s and 1980s, from the memories of Shotokan karate senseis. The choice for this temporal cut refers to the decade of the arrival of Sensei Tasuke Watanabe to Rio Grande do Sul, responsible for the introduction of the Shotokan style in the State and ends with the removal of the aforementioned sensei from the state of Rio Grande do Sul. Qualitative method for obtaining and analyzing the information. The interviews were chosen as a source of information gathering because they constitute a strategy that allows the establishment of a better and deeper bond with the interviewee. Through the analyzed sources it was possible to understand the context of the presented temporal cut and we could observe that through the karate-do practice the transfer of elements of the Japanese culture in its participants and also we could verify that there were no problems of acceptance of the elements of the Japanese Culture within the South Rio Grande Culture because of the great miscegenation that exists in Rio Grande do Sul for its European colonization.
El Karate-do, cuando se ve como una práctica deportiva, es un fenómeno sociocultural sostenido por una base histórica, dotado de sentidos y significados. Tal práctica de lucha suscita representaciones de identidades culturales en los grupos de practicantes. Las identidades culturales son construcciones históricas insertadas en determinado contexto social que, en el transcurso de las transformaciones del tiempo y del espacio, son también modificadas, negociadas, reconstruidas. Como creación cultural y social, la identidad cultural no es inherente al sujeto, no nace con él, sino que se produce en una relación de interdependencia con lo diferente y con lo semejante. El presente estudio tiene como objetivo investigar las memorias de la cultura japonesa en Rio Grande del Sur en las décadas de 1970 y 1980, a partir de los recuerdos de los senseis de Karate Shotokan. La elección para ese recorte temporal se refiere a la década de llegada del Sensei Tasuke Watanabe a Rio Grande del Sur, el responsable por la introducción del estilo Shotokan en el Estado y cierra con el alejamiento del referido sensei del estado de Rio Grande del Sur. Se utilizó el método cualitativo para la obtención y el análisis de la información Las entrevistas fueron elegidas como fuente de recolección de informaciones por constituirse en una estrategia que permite el establecimiento de un vínculo mejor y de mayor profundidad con el entrevistado. Por intermedio de las fuentes analizadas fue posible entender el contexto del recorte temporal presentado y pudimos observar que hubo por medio de la práctica del karate-do la transferencia de elementos de la cultura japonesa en sus participantes y también pudimos verificar que no hubo problemas de aceptación de los elementos de la cultura japonesa Cultura Japonesa dentro de la Cultura Sur Río Grandense a causa del gran mestizaje que existe en el Río Grande del Sur por su colonización europea.

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Giongo, Adriana. "Diversidade de Bradyrhizobium elkanii e B. japonicum que nodulam soja em solos do Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/12021.

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Rizóbios são bactérias aeróbias, Gram-negativas, que fixam nitrogênio atmosférico quando associadas a leguminosas. O gênero Bradyrhizobium é de grande importância na agricultura, pois essas bactérias fixam nitrogênio em simbiose com soja [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. A caracterização dos rizóbios é fundamental para estudos relacionados à diversidade e à distribuição ecológica desses microrganismos. Três estudos foram conduzidos nesse trabalho: i) uma estratégia baseada em amplificação por PCR para diferenciar Bradyrhizobium japonicum de B. elkanii, utilizando-se seqüências 16S rDNA; ii) a caracterização da variabilidade genética de uma população de bradirrizóbios isolada de um campo experimental, trinta anos após a inoculação de estirpes padrão; iii) a avaliação da variabilidade genética de bradirrizóbios isolados de cinco regiões produtoras de soja no Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (RS) e dos possíveis fatores ambientais que poderiam ser os responsáveis por tal diversidade. Técnicas de biologia molecular foram utilizadas na identificação, ocorrência, distribuição e estudo populacional dos rizóbios, especialmente a amplificação do gene 16S rRNA por PCR, rep-PCR e AFLP.Essas duas últimas técnicas quando combinadas permitiram uma análise mais precisa da variabilidade genética das populações estudadas. O índice de diversidade de Shannon foi utilizado para comparar o grau de diversidade observado nas diferentes populações. Também foi observada uma correlação direta entre o grau de diversidade e o pH do solo. Os resultados obtidos permitiram concluir que as populações de bradirrizóbios que nodulam as lavouras de soja do RS são altamente variáveis, podem persistir nos solos, mesmo na ausência da planta hospedeira, e sofrem influência de fatores bióticos e abióticos.
Rhizobia are Gram-negative aerobic bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with leguminous plants. Bacteria belonging to the Bradyrhizobium genus are very important because they are able to nodulate and fix nitrogen in symbiosis with soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merrill]. Characterization of rhizobia is fundamental in studies concerning the diversity and ecological distribution of these microorganisms. Three studies have been conducted in this work: i) a strategy based on amplification by PCR to differentiate Bradyrhizobium japonicum and B. elkanii using 16S rDNA sequences; ii) the genetic variability assessment of a bradyrhizobial population isolated from an experimental field thirty years after the inoculation with reference strains; iii) the genetic variability characterization of bradyrhizobia isolated from five soybean fields in different regions in Rio Grande do Sul (RS) State and the environmental factors that can influence such diversity. Molecular biology techniques were used for the identification, occurrence, distribution, and studies of rhizobia population, specially the 16S rRNA gene amplification by PCR, rep-PCR and AFLP. When combined, these last two techniques provided an accurate analysis of the genetic diversity of the analyzed populations. Shannon diversity index was used to compare the diversity among different populations.A direct correlation was observed between diversity degree and soil pH. The results obtained have shown that bradyrhizobia nodulating soybean in RS are highly variable and were able to persist in soil even when the host legume was lacking. Besides they have shown to be influenced by abiotic and biotic parameters.

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Carlos, Neto Marcionilo Euro. "Bilinguismo e bilingualidade: análise de redes sociais em uma comunidade japonesa na cidade do Rio de Janeiro." Niterói, 2017. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/3417.

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O presente trabalho investiga uma comunidade japonesa situada na cidade do Rio de Janeiro dentro da perspectiva de línguas em contato num contexto de imigração bilíngue/multilíngue. Como proposta de investigação, levamos em conta o dinamismo das situações de bilinguismo, destacando a importância de estudá-las num contexto social que apresenta-se eminentemente mutável. Propomo-nos a pesquisar 15 nikkeis pertencentes à 3 redes sociais identificadas na Associação Nikkei do Rio de Janeiro, pormenorizando os estágios de bilingualidade desses sujeitos no momento atual de suas vidas. Com essa finalidade, lançamos mão dos conceitos de bilinguismo e bilingualidade nos termos de Savedra (1994-2009) que define aquele como a situação em que há o uso compartilhado de mais de uma língua num determinado domínio comunicativo e, esse, como os diferentes estágios de bilinguismo que os indivíduos bilíngues transpassam em sua vida. Para analisarmos os estágios de bilingualidade dos participantes de nossa investigação, identificamos o contexto de aquisição de línguas, bem como o uso funcional variado por ambientes comunicativos (familiar, social, profissional, específico de uso na Associação Nikkei e escolar) de todos os 15 informantes. Nossa pesquisa é descritiva, de caráter qualitativo na qual utilizamos o método de identificação de redes sociais, aplicação de questionário sociolinguístico e, também, anotações em diário de campo para destacarmos, através das observações realizadas na Associação supracitada, as informações relevantes ao nosso estudo. Como resultado, podemos salientar a fluidez tangível da maioria das situações de uso das línguas investigadas, levando-nos a solidificar as conclusões de Savedra (op. cit.) em suas investigações que atesta, de maneira evidente, o caráter relativo que define o fenômeno do bilinguismo, como também confirma que a condição bilíngue é instável, sendo modificada pelo contexto de aquisição de línguas e pelos domínios de uso linguístico em diferentes ambientes comunicativos. Em nossa pesquisa, o domínio de uso funcional linguístico por ambientes comunicativos mostrou-se mais determinador da fluidez de uso das línguas em questão (português e japonês) nos indivíduos investigados. Contudo, não podemos descartar o contexto de aquisição das línguas como um fator relevante para a determinação da dominância de utilização de uma língua em relação à outra no momento atual de uso na vida dos falantes investigados
This study investigates a Japanese community located in Rio de Janeiro city within the language contact perspective in a bilingual / multilingual immigration context. As research aim, we take into account the dynamics of bilingualism situations, highlighting the importance of studying them in a social context that presents itself eminently changeable. We propose to search 15 Nikkei who belong to three social networks identified in the Nikkei Association of Rio de Janeiro (Rio Nikkei), detailing these subjects’ bilinguality stages at the present moment of their lives. For this purpose, we used the bilingualism and bilinguality concepts in Savedra’s terms (1994-2009) who defines the first one as the situation in which there is a shared use of more than one language in a certain communicative domain, and the second one, as the different stages of bilingualism in which bilingual individuals trespass in their life. In order to analyze the participants’ bilinguality stages, we have identified the context of language acquisition as well as the varied functional use by communicative environments (familiar, social, professional, Nikkei Association specific use and scholar) of each one of the studied informants. Our research is descriptive, characteristically qualitative in which we use the social networks identification method, sociolinguistic survey application and daily notes to stand out, through the observations made in the aforementioned Association, the relevant information to our study. As a result, we can point out the tangible fluidity of the majority of use cases in the investigated languages. The results lead us to solidify the Savedra’s findings (op. Cit.) which proves the relative character that defines the bilingualism phenomenon. Besides, the results also confirms the fact that bilingual condition is unstable and it modifies itself by the context of language acquisition and by the language use domains in different communicative environments. In our research, the linguistic functional use domain by communicative environments was more significant to determine the languages use fluidity (Portuguese and Japanese) in the investigated individuals. However, we cannot rule out the context of language acquisition as a relevant factor in determining one language use dominance over the other one in the investigated speakers’ current life

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Ledur, Josiana Ayala. "Práticas corporais na colônia japonesa de Ivoti, Rio Grande do Sul (década de 1980 à década de 2010)." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/168873.

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This study aims to understand how japanese corporal practices were renegotiated in Japanese Colony of Ivoti, Rio Grande do Sul, from the decades of 1980 to 2010. For that, we have used the theoretical perspectives from recognized authors of Cultural History field. Regarding the methodological procedures of this investigation, these were constructed from the collection of information in documentary and imagery sources, in addition to Oral History. The next step consisted in submitting these sources to the analysis, and for each of them a specific technique was adopted, namely: the documentary sources were submitted to documentary analysis, the imagery sources were analyzed and interpreted following the steps of iconographic analysis and the Oral sources in turn followed the technique of content analysis. In dealing with representations of corporal practices in the Japanese Colony of Ivoti, we seek both to describe their historical processes and to discuss how they were conceived and renegotiated in this social space. In the same way we seek to list some of the cultural elements present in each one of them. In according with we have exposed, based on this version of Japanese corporal practices in the Ivoti Colony, it was possible to perceive that the culture of this group of Japanese-Brazilians, although it have faced difficulties in the early days, was not lost with the migratory movement. Otherwise, this group through the cultivation of corporal practices, such as, for example, Gateball, Judo, Odori, Sumo and Undokai, sought to differentiate themselves from other ethnic groups that made up the society in which they were inserted.

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Maia, Luciano Carlos da. "Desenvolvimento de ferramenta e análise in silico da ocorrência de microssatélites no genoma do arroz." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2007. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2082.

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The classic plant breeding methods are responsible for the major advances of modern agriculture. However, molecular biology and genomic techniques have provided insights into how further advance in genetic gains. Molecular markers have been successfully applied in genetic mapping and marker assisted selection in many plant species. Rice after the complete sequence of its genome, has been more and more used as a model for cereal improvement. Currently, strategies have been relying on the transference of information between the model genome (rice) and other grasses, making that the information generated in rice and for other major crops such as maize, wheat and rice can be also used to improve orphan grass crops. Microsatellites (SSRs) have been described as the preferred type of marker to be used in these studies. Given these features of rice and SSRs and aiming to evaluate the abundance of these markers on the rice genome and their availability for public use, a computational tool was developed. This tool search’s and characterizes these loci, applies primer design and searchs for anchoring sites for the primers in genomic databases of any species. It also, evaluates the affectivity of transposition of these markers by simulating a PCR. All SSRs found in the rice genome were analyzed and primers were designed for all loci in chromosome 1 and simulated against the other rice chromosomes, giving an idea of potentially duplicated regions across the genome.
O uso de várias classes de marcadores moleculares tem sido implementado em mapeamento genético e na seleção assistida de várias espécies vegetais. O arroz, após o sequenciamento completo do seu genoma, tem sido proposto como um modelo genético entre as várias espécies gramíneas de importância agronômica. Modernamente, uma estratégia tem sido adotada com base na transferência de informações da genômica estrutural dessas gramíneas, sendo que, desta forma, o conhecimento obtido em espécies com maiores investimentos técnicos como o milho, trigo e o arroz, possam ser utilizados também nas gramíneas com menores níveis tecnológicos de pesquisa. A classe dos marcadores moleculares conhecida como microssatélites é atualmente descrito como preferencial nestes estudos. Dadas essas características do arroz e dos microssatélites, com objetivo de se conhecer a riqueza desses marcadores no genoma do arroz e a disponibilização desses para a utilização pública, foi desenvolvido uma ferramenta computacional para busca e caracterização desses locos, desenho de primers e busca por sítios de ancoramento para os primers em bancos de dados genômicos de qualquer espécie, avaliando dessa forma, a transposição de marcadores moleculares entre espécies através da simulação da PCR. Foram analisadas e descritas todas as possíveis ocorrências de microssatélites no genoma do arroz e desenhados primers para os locos encontrados no cromossomo 1, que posteriormente foram usados para a simulação da PCR contra os demais cromossomos do arroz, resultando o número de amplificações possíveis para cada conjunto de primers e suas respectivas regiões genômicas.

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Fujyama, Ely. "Tem que ter japonesa e kimono e japonês de terno? A identidade nikkey nas campanhas publicitárias: a representação dos japoneses e japonesas nos comerciais de TV do Brasil." Programa de Pós-Graduação em Cultura e Sociedade da UFBA, 2008. http://www.repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/10591.

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Este trabalho visa analisar a representação dos japoneses e japonesas nas campanhas publicitárias da empresa de eletro-eletrônicos Semp Toshiba, veiculadas no Brasil na década de 1990 através de comerciais de televisão. Tem como objetivo principal encontrar caminhos que possam responder ao questionamento do que faz com que os japoneses sejam apresentados sempre de terno e são relacionados ao moderno e ao tecnológico e, por sua vez, as mulheres japonesas estão sempre de kimono e são relacionadas ao antigo e ao tradicional. Como base teórico-metodológica fizemos uso de Geertz (1989), e sua “descrição densa” para analisar de forma aprofundada as peças publicitárias para depois encontrar pontos recorrentes e em comum que possam servir de guia na busca do objetivo deste trabalho, no que Gastaldo (2000) intitulou “etnografia do mundo do anúncio”. Fazemos uso também do conceito de cultura em Hall (1997), novamente Hall (2001) no conceito de identidade, além de Cuche (1999) e o conceito de estereótipo em Pereira (2002).
Salvador

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Maia, Luciano Carlos da. "Caracterização in silico de microssatélites no genoma do arroz e análise comparativa com outras espécies vegetais." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2009. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/1180.

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Molecular markers have been successfuly applied in genetic mapping and marker assisted selection as an auxiliary tool for plant breeding and transfer of genetic information among related species. In this sense, the understanding of genome elements occurring in important crop species such as wheat, rice and maize can be used towards the improvement of basic knowledge in orphan grass species. Rice, after the completion of its genome sequence, has been proposed as a genetic model in the grasses. Among the different types of molecular markers, microsatellites have been indicated as the preferred class for such studies. In general, the strategy of transposing molecular markers between species still poses some questions/difficulties regarding the most conserved microsatellite patterns among plant species, genera and families. This study had as objective to use bioinformatic tools to characterize microsatellites from rice and other Grass species of economical importance, enabling the prediction of microsatellite patterns that are most promising in transfer strategies. Three studies were performed. The first was concerned about developping and validating a microsatellite searching tool plus primer design and PCR simulation. A database containing 28,469 fl-cDNA sequences originating from japonica rice genome was used. From a total of 3,907 microsatellite loci, 3,329 primer pairs were designed and tested using the simulated PCR feature showing that only 2,397 (72%) of pairs amplified in specific regions. The second study had as objective to describe the occurrence of microsatellites in expressed regions originating from ten species from three different plant families. The results indicated the frequency and patterns of occurrence of microsatellites within and between the different families. The third study had as objective to characterize the complete occurrence of microsatellites in the rice genome. The results showed a different pattern of occurrence of microsatellites for the different chromosomes and which arrangements are most abundant. Inferences on which elements allow better genome coverages are discussed.
Marcadores moleculares têm sido utilizados com sucesso em mapeamento genético e seleção assistida como uma ferramenta auxiliar para o melhoramento de plantas e transferência de informações entre espécies relacionadas. Neste sentido, o entendimento da ocorrência de microssatélites no genoma nas diferentes espécies melhoradas como trigo, arroz e milho pode ser utilizado no sentido da melhoria do conhecimento básico das espécies gramíneas descritas como “orfãs”. O arroz, após a conclusão do seqüênciamento do seu genoma, tem sido proposto como modelo genético entre as gramíneas. Dentre os diferentes tipos de marcadores moleculares, os microssatélites são indicados como a classe preferida para estes estudos. De maneira geral, as estratégias de transposição de marcadores moleculares entre espécies ainda apresentam algumas dificuldades e questionamentos referentes os padrões mais conservados de microssatélites entre espécies, genêro e famílias vegetais. Este estudo teve como objetivo, o uso de ferramentas de bioinformática para caracterizar microssatélites oriundos do genoma do arroz e outras espécies, possibilitando predizer padrões de microssatélites mais promissores na transferência. Três estudos foram realizados. O primeiro consistiu no desenvolvimento e validação de uma ferramenta para localização de microssatélites, desenho de iniciadores e simulação da PCR. Foi utilizado um banco de dados contendo 28.469 seqüências fl-cDNA de arroz japonica. Do total de 3.907 loci encontrados, foram desenhados 3.329 conjuntos de iniciadores e testados pela simulação da PCR, mostrando que somente 2.397 (72%) iniciadores amplificaram regiões específicas. No segundo estudo foi analisada a ocorrência de microssatélites em regiões expressas de dez espécies de três diferentes famílias de plantas. Os resultados indicaram a freqüência e padrões de microssatélites dentro e entre as diferentes famílias. No terceiro estudo foi feita a caracterização de microssatélites no genoma completo do arroz. Os resultados mostraram um conservado padrão de ocorrência dos diferentes microssatélites nos diferentes cromossomos e quais os arranjos foram os mais abundantes. Inferências sobre quais elementos permitem a melhor cobertura do genoma foram discutidas.

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Feijó, Luiz Carlos Coelho. "Narrativa e representação nos quadrinhos : a restauração Meiji (1868) nos mangás." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2013. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2141.

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Relatively recent in Brazil, the manga won fans of all ages and genres through titles like Dragon Ball and Dragon Ball Z, Rurouni Kenshin, One Piece and others. Many of its stories have historical background or reference parts of Japanese history, especially of samurai and shinobi (ninja), which has awakened the interest of Brazilian readers, hitherto accustomed to Western stories that mostly were purely fictional. All this notoriety gained by manga in the West drew the attention of Western scholars, among which we mention Sonia Bibe Luyten (2000); Paul Gravett (2006) and Robin Brenner (2007), leading them to conduct research ranging from appearance manga of the role played by them in Japanese culture today. Taking this into consideration, this study aimed at evaluating how three mangaká (Chrono Nanae, Watsuki Nobuhiro and Sorachi Hideaki) make use of their works to convey to his readers his view on certain events in the Meiji Restoration, whether through narrative or the representation of historical characters inserted into his plots
Relativamente recentes no Brasil, os mangás conquistaram fãs de diversas idades e gêneros através de títulos como Dragon Ball e Dragon Ball Z, Samurai X, One Piece entre outros. Muitas de suas histórias possuem fundo histórico ou fazem referência a partes da história japonesa, principalmente os de samurais e shinobis (ninjas), o que acabou despertando o interesse de leitores brasileiros, acostumados até então com histórias ocidentais que em sua grande maioria eram puramente ficcionais. Toda esta notoriedade adquirida pelos mangás no Ocidente chamou a atenção de estudiosos ocidentais, dentre os quais citam-se Sonia Bibe Luyten (2000); Paul Gravett (2006) e Robin Brenner (2007), levando-os a realizarem pesquisas que vão do surgimento dos mangás ao papel exercido por eles na cultura japonesa atual. Levando isto em consideração, este estudo tem por finalidade observar como três mangakás (Nanae Chrono, Hideaki Sorachi e Nobuhiro Watsuki) se utilizam de suas obras para transmitir a seus leitores a sua visão sobre determinados eventos ocorridos na Restauração Meiji, seja através da narrativa ou da representação de personagens históricas inseridas em suas tramas

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Duarte, Douglas Ambiel Barros Gil. "Geografia da saúde nos municípios lindeiros das margens paranaense e sul-mato-grossense do alto do rio Paraná e a hidrogeoquímica das ilhas Japonesa e Floresta (PR-MS)." Universidade Estadual de Londrina. Centro de Ciências Exatas. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Geografia, 2014. http://www.bibliotecadigital.uel.br/document/?code=vtls000198852.

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O presente trabalho objetiva estudar a relação da saúde coletiva dos municípios lindeiros no Alto Rio Paraná com as características da geoquímica das águas. Inicialmente realizados em pesquisas anteriores nas Ilhas Mutum e Porto Rico (2009) e no entorno do Arquipélago Carioca (2012) o estudo hidrogeoquímico tem grande relevância, pois o Alto Rio Paraná é uma área que se modificou ao longo de anos por um processo natural e também por estar situado à jusante e a montante de usinas hidrelétricas que através de sua construção modificaram a dinâmica fluvial e a qualidade da água e, além disto, sabe-se que outros fatores podem ter influenciado toda qualidade hidrogeoquímica como descarga de efluentes sanitários e contaminação por agrotóxicos em locais onde existem áreas de agricultura. Os dados de saúde foram coletados através do sistema de informação de saúde do Datasus; enquanto a organização para os trabalhos de campo de coletas de água iniciou-se com o georreferenciamento e análise da área de estudo para os determinados pontos de coleta que ocorreram efetivamente em novembro (2012) e em março (2013). Nos municípios lindeiros os indíces maiores de mortalidade proporcional por grupos de causa, foram as doenças do aparelho circulatório (35,2%), neoplasias (14,8%), doenças do aparelho respiratório (9,4%), doenças endócrinas, nutricionais e metabólicas (7,0%), doenças do aparelho digestivo (5,7%), doenças infecciosas e parasitárias (3,9%), doenças do aparelho geniturinário (2,2%) e doenças do sistema nervoso (1,5%). Nas coletas de água in situ alguns parâmetros foram analisados como temperatura da água, potencial hidrogeniônico e condutividade elétrica. Após coleta, adicionou-se ácido nítrico nas amostras mantidas em refrigeração, para posterior preparo e análise laboratorial para metais, através da técnica de Espectrometria de Emissão Atômica com Fonte de Plasma e Argônio Indutivo (ICP AES). Os elementos químicos analisados foram Fe (0,003 2,23 mg/L), Mg (0,96 3,45 mg/L), K (1,6 4,1 mg/L), Na (1,6 3,6 mg/L), Si (3,71 18,95 mg/L), Ca (2,21 7,64 mg/L), Sr (0,019 0,038 mg/L), Mn (0,001 0,226 mg/L), Cu (0,001 0,013 mg/L), Al (0,005 0,174 mg/L), Ba (0,027 0,249 mg/L), P (0,004 0,061 mg/L), e Zn (0,001 0,025 mg/L). Fatores climáticos podem variar as concentrações dos elementos químicos, por isso as coletas foram realizadas em condições climáticas diferenciadas para possíveis comparações e alterações hidrogeoquimicas. Sendo assim, ao avaliar os índices dos grupos de doenças nos municípios lindeiros do Alto Rio Paraná, há indícios de que eles podem estar relacionados a presença de elementos químicos oriundos de ações naturais e antropogenéticas. Expondo a população local a riscos ambientais, pois Al, Cu, Fe, P e Mn encontram-se acima do valor máximo permitido (VMP) segundo CONAMA 357/2005 nas ilhas investigadas. Além desses, as ilhas a montante assinalam Zn, Cd e Pb acima do VMP. Tais elementos estão ligados a doenças do aparelho circulatório, neoplasias, doenças do sistema nervoso e do aparelho digestivo, bem como evidenciam uma constância espacial e temporal no âmbito do Alto Rio Paraná.
This work aims to study the relationship between collective health of surrounding counties in the Upper Parana River with the geochemical characteristics of the waters. Initially made in previous research in Mutum Islands and Porto Rico (2009) and around the Carioca Archipelago (2012), the hydrogeochemical study has great relevance because the Upper Paraná River is an area which has changed over the years through a natural process and also because it is located downstream and upstream of hydroelectric dams which through their construction changed the river dynamics and water quality and, furthermore, it is known that other factors may have influenced all hydrogeochemical quality such as discharge of wastewater and contamination by pesticides in sites where there are agriculture areas. Health data were collected through the health information system Datasus; while the organization for the fieldworks of water sampling began with georeferencing and analysis of the study area for determined collection points that effectively occurred in November (2012) and March (2013). In the surrounding cities the greater proportional mortality rates for groups of causes, were circulatory system diseases (35.2%), tumors (14.8%), respiratory system diseases (9.4%), endocrine, nutritional and metabolic diseases (7.0%), digestive system diseases (5.7%), infectious and parasitic diseases (3.9%), diseases of the genitourinary system (2.2%) and nervous system diseases (1.5 %). In the "in situ" collections of water some parameters were analyzed such as water temperature, hydrogenionic potential and electrical conductivity. After the collection, nitric acid was added in the samples kept refrigerated, for further preparation and laboratory analysis for metals, through the of Atomic Emission Spectrometry technique with Plasma Source and Inductive Argon (ICP - AES). The chemical elements analyzed were Fe (0.003 - 2.23 mg / L), Mg (0.96 - 3.45 mg / L), K (1.6 - 4.1 mg / L), Na (1.6 - 3.6 mg / L), Si (3.71 - 18.95 mg / L), Ca (2.21-7.64 mg / L), Sr (0.019 - 0.038 mg / L), Mn (0,001 - 0.226 mg / L), Cu (0.001 - 0.013 mg / L), Al (0.005 - 0.174 mg / l), Ba (0.027 - 0.249 mg / L), P (0.004 - 0.061 mg / L), and Zn (0.001 - 0.025 mg / L). Climatic factors may vary the chemical elements concentrations, so that is why the collections of the data were performed in differentiated climatic conditions for possible comparisons and hydrogeochemical changes. Thus, when evaluating the rates of disease groups in the surrounding cities of the Upper Paraná River, there are evidences that they may be related to the presence of chemicals elements derived from natural and anthropogenetic actions. Exposing the local population to environmental risks, as Al, Cu, Fe, P and Mn are above the maximum allowed value (VMP) according to CONAMA 357/2005 on the investigated islands. Besides these, the upstream islands indicate Zn, Cd and Pb above the VMP. These elements are linked to circulatory system diseases, tumors, nervous system and digestive system diseases, as well as show a spatial and temporal constancy within the Upper Paraná River.

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Frosi, Tiago Oviedo. "Uma história do karate-do no Rio Grande do Sul : de arte marcial a prática esportiva." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/63142.

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Le Karaté-Dō est une pratique d’origine culturelle dans le processus d'incorporation Chinois au contexte guerrier des arts martiaux de l'archipel des Ryūkyū et qui fut par la suite exporté au Japon, où cet art a été réinventé et est devenu un Budō. Après la Seconde Guerre mondiale, sa popularité s'est propagée à plusieurs pays, notamment grâce au travail des Instructeurs de la Japan Karate Association (JKA) ou Nihon Karate Kyokai, il reste aujourd'hui l'un des arts martiaux les plus pratiqués dans le monde. Cette recherche vise à reconstituer une histoire du Karaté-Dō dans l’état du Rio Grande do Sul, depuis les premières associations jusqu'à la création de leur fédération. Ont été choisies les procédures méthodologiques qui permettent de reconstituer trois versions de l'histoire du Karaté-Dō dans l’état du Rio Grande do Sul: une histoire à travers le témoignage oral de faits, une histoire par l'image au moyen de la méthodologie visuelle et un documentaire historique en s’appuyant sur l'analyse de documents. Avec ces versions ont été apportés à la classification, l'analyse et l'interprétation des informations recueillies sur la base des hypothèses théoriques et méthodologiques de l'histoire culturelle. Parmi les résultats, après la triangulation des sources historiques, il a été possible de reconstituer une histoire du Karaté-Dō dans l’état du Rio Grande do Sul montrant ainsi la diversité des pratiques culturelles et des représentations qui se sont formées pendant plus de 20 ans au moyen du lignage des pratiquants de Karaté dont les principaux professeurs qui en constituent le vivier, depuis la fondation des styles japonais à nos jours.
Karate-Do è una pratica culturale nata nel processo di incorporazione di arti marziali cinesi nel contesto guerriero di arti nelle Isole Ryukyu e poi è stata esportata sul Giappone, dove è stata reinventata e è diventata un Budo. Con la sua popolarità dopo la Seconda Guerra Mondiale si è diffuso in diversi paesi, principalmente attraverso il lavoro dei istruttori della Japan Karate Association, ed oggi è una delle arti marziali più praticate nel mondo. Questa ricerca si propone a ricostruire la storia del Karate-Do a Rio Grande do Sul, dalle prime associazioni fino alla fondazione della loro federazione statale. Sono stati scelti procedure metodologiche che aiutano a ricostruire tre versioni della storia del Karate-Do a Rio Grande do Sul: una storia attraverso la testimonianza, con il sostegno della storia orale, una storia per immagini, supportato in Metodologia visivo, e una storia documentaria, supportati in Analisi del documento. Con queste versioni sono stati fatti per l'analisi di classificazione, e l'interpretazione delle informazioni raccolte sulla base dei presupposti teorici e metodologici della storia culturale. Tra i risultati, dopo la triangolazione delle fonti storiche, è stato possibile ricostruire la storia del Karate-Do a Rio Grande do Sul indicando diverse pratiche culturali e delle rappresentazioni che hanno formato oltre 20 anni, nonché di recuperare le linee del karate-ka che i docenti principali dello Stato appartengono, dalla fondazione della loro stili fino ai nostri giorni.
O Karate-Dō é uma prática cultural com origem no processo de incorporação das artes marciais chinesas ao contexto guerreiro do arquipélago de Ryūkyū e posterior exportação dessa arte ao Japão, onde foi reinventada e tornou-se um Budō. Com sua popularização após a Segunda Guerra Mundial disseminou-se por vários países, principalmente, através do trabalho dos instrutores da Japan Karate Association, e hoje é uma das artes marciais mais praticadas no mundo. A presente pesquisa objetiva reconstruir uma História do Karate-Dō no Rio Grande do Sul, desde as primeiras associações até a fundação de sua federação estadual. Foram escolhidos procedimentos metodológicos que ajudassem a reconstituir três versões da história do Karate-Dō no Rio Grande do Sul: uma história através dos depoimentos, apoiada na História Oral; uma história através das imagens, apoiada na Metodologia Visual; e uma história documental, apoiada na Análise Documental. De posse dessas versões, foram realizadas a classificação, a análise e a interpretação das informações coletadas, com base nos pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História Cultural. Dentre os resultados, após a triangulação das fontes históricas, foi possível reconstruir uma história do Karate-Dō no Rio Grande do Sul apontando diversas práticas e representações culturais que se constituíram ao longo de 20 anos, bem como recuperar as linhagens de karate-ka às quais os principais professores do Estado pertencem, desde os fundadores de seus estilos até os dias atuais.
Karate-Dō is a cultural practice originated in the process of incorporation of Chinese martial arts to the warrior context of the archipelago of Ryūkyū and later exported this art to Japan, where it was reinvented and became a Budō. With its popularity after the Second World War Karate-Dō has spread to several countries, mainly through the work of the Japan Karate Association instructors, and today is one of the most practiced martial art in the world. This research aims to reconstruct a history of Karate-Dō in Rio Grande do Sul, from the earliest associations until the founding of their state federation. Were chosen methodological procedures which help to reconstruct three versions of the history of Karate-Dō in Rio Grande do Sul: a history through testimony, supported by the Oral History; a history through images, supported in Visual Methodology; and a documentary history, supported in Document Analysis. With these versions, were made the classification, analysis and interpretation of information collected based on the theoretical and methodological assumptions of Cultural History. Among the results, after the triangulation of historical sources, it was possible to reconstruct a history of Karate-Dō in Rio Grande do Sul, pointing diverse cultural practices and representations that formed over 20 years as well as recover the lineages of the karate-ka which the principal teachers of the State belong, since the founders of their styles to the present day.
El Karate-Dō es una práctica cultural con origen en el proceso de incorporación de las artes marciales chinas al contexto guerrero del archipiélago de Ryūkyū y su posterior exportación de esta arte a Japón, donde fue reinventada y se tornó un Budō. Con su popularización después de la segunda guerra mundial, se diseminó por varios países, principalmente a través del trabajo de los instructores de la Japan Karate Association, y hoy es una de las artes marciales mas practicadas en el mundo. La siguiente investigación tiene como objetivo reconstruir la historia del Karate-Dō en el estado de Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), desde las primeras asociaciones hasta la fundación de su federación estadual. Fueron escogidos procedimientos metodológicos que ayuden a reconstruir tres versiones de la historia del Karate-Dō en Rio Grande do Sul: Una historia a través de testimonios, apoyada en la Historia Oral; una historia a través de imágenes, apoyada en la Metodología Visual; y una historia documental, apoyada en Análisis Documental. Después de la posesión de estas versiones fueron realizadas la clasificación, análisis e interpretación de las informaciones colectadas, con base en los supuestos teórico-metodológicos de la Historia Cultural. Entre los resultados, después de la triangulación de las fuentes históricas, fue posible reconstruir una historia del Karate-Dō en Rio Grande do Sul apuntando diversas prácticas y representaciones culturales que se constituyeron a lo largo de 20 años, como también recuperar los linajes de karate-ka a las cuales los principales profesores del Estado pertenecen, desde los fundadores de sus estilos, hasta los días actuales.

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MOTA, Monalize Salete. "Caracterização molecular de alelos-S e de locos microssatélites em Prunus salicina (Lindl.)." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2008. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2028.

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The production of plum is an important commodity around the world. In Brazil, the state of Rio Grande do Sul is the major producer. However, despite the great potential for cultivation, some factors are limiting for increasing the production, such as: a) climate variability; b) use of inadequate stocks; c) pollination of most cultivar is self-incompatible d) doubtful genetic history of the plant material. Considering these problems, the aim of this work was to identify allele-S related to gametophytic self- incompatibility in Prunus salicina (Lindl.) and to perform the molecular characterization of cultivars by means of microsatellites locus. For these purposes eleven cultivars of Japanese plum [Santa Rosa, Santa Rita, Reubennel, Pluma 7, América, Rosa Mineira, Amarelinha, The First, Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo), Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba) e Harry Pickstone] were analysed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) using three pairs of primers specific for amplifying the alleles-S and primers for five microsatellite locus. The experiments were performed in the Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas Caracterização Molecular, of the Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. In the amplification of alleles-S was observed that the reaction mix for PCR, the PCR conditions, and primers combination, allowed an effective characterization of alleles-S in the cultivars of P. salicina and the identification of pollinators more compatible to commercial cultivars. Sequencing analysis of some amplified alleles-S revealed high similarity to sequences of nucleotides already identified in other studies with Prunus spp. In the analysis of five microsatellite locus thirty polymorphisms were obtained allowing a clear identification of Japanese plum genotypes, elucidating the homonymy between the cultivars Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo) and Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba). However, the polymorphisms were not sufficient for obtaining a reasonable estimation of the genetic variability and grouping analysis of the Japanese plums evaluated.
A cultura de ameixeira tem papel de destaque na fruticultura mundial. No Brasil, o Estado do Rio Grande do Sul se destaca como maior produtor. Porém, mesmo apresentando elevado potencial de cultivo, alguns fatores têm limitado o aumento da produção, entre eles: a) a variabilidade de clima; b) o uso de porta- enxertos inadequados; c) a incapacidade de autopolinização da maioria das cultivares d) e a idoneidade genética do material vegetal. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar alelos-S relacionados à auto-incompatibilidade gametofítica em Prunus salicina (Lindl.) e caracterizar molecularmente as cultivares por meio de locos microssatélites. Para tal fim foram analisadas 11 cultivares de ameixeira japonesa [Santa Rosa, Santa Rita, Reubennel, Pluma 7, América, Rosa Mineira, Amarelinha, The First, Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo), Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba) e Harry Pickstone], por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com três pares de primers específicos para amplificação de alelos-S e primers para cinco locos de microssatélites. Os experimentos foram desenvolvidos no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas Caracterização Molecular, do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Pelotas. Na amplificação de alelos-S, constatou-se que as concentrações e condições de PCR utilizadas, bem como às combinações de primers, permitiram a efetiva caracterização de alelos-S nas cultivares de P. salicina estudadas, bem como, a escolha das polinizadoras mais compatíveis com as cultivares produtoras. O seqüenciamento de alguns dos alelos-S amplificados revelou elevada similaridade com seqüências de nucleotídeos já identificados em outros trabalhos com Prunus spp.. Na análise de cinco locos de microssatélites obteve-se um total de 30 polimorfismos possibilitando uma clara identificação dos genótipos de ameixeira japonesa, esclarecendo caso de homonímia entre as cultivares Gulfblaze (Clone São Paulo) e Gulfblaze (Clone Guaíba), no entanto, os polimorfismos não foram suficientes para obter uma boa estimativa da variabilidade genética e análise de agrupamento dos genótipos de ameixeira japonesa avaliados.

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Chen, Heng, and 陳恆. "Genetic Relationship among TK Series Japonica Rice Cultivars." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31622384411286359788.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
90
Pedigree records provide important information about genetic constitutions of lines and diversity of population. It is difficult to search from records on paper and available systems do not handle large number of pedigree records very well. With the proposed system base on commercial database, saving a large number pedigree records and field data are feasible. Verification rules built in the system can find the contradictions in pedigree records. Proposed data structure can be used to store a large number of pedigree and field data, as well as be a standard format for exchanging similar data. The proposed data structure allows calculation of coefficient of parentage and relative genetic contribution (parental contribution) by using the standardized SQL (Structured Query Language) and VBA (Visual Basic for Applications) programs. The system also provides drawing of pedigree records and list progenies of any specified variety. Results show that the diversity of 16 Japonica type of rice varieties (TK1 to TK16) is moderately small. The varieties were bred with a few parents except TK9, which has a distinct pedigree comparing to other TK varieties. It is recommended to compare the coefficient of parentage for proposed parent pairs before the practice of hybridization in the field.

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24

Liu, Yuan Qin, and 劉元欽. "Genetic relationship among the cultivated japonica rice in Taiwan." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/25208239741222402285.

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25

Yuan-Chin，Liu and 劉元欽. "Genetic Relationship among the Cultivated Japonica Rice in Taiwan." Thesis, 1994. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/31718166315365815897.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學系
82
Breeding of superior rice variety is the goal of every rice breeder. Selection following crossing of prominant varieties is still the main stream of rice breeding method.Due to the time and effort needed in the breeding process,an evaluation of a crossing plan will reduce the risk of unfruitful work. Coefficient of consanguinity is used in this study to inve- stigate the genetic relationship between two rice varieties, and served as an indicator of the possible magnitute of genetic vari- ability for a particular crossing. This coefficient is also used to estimate the genetic uniformity of Taiwan rice paddy field. Results in this study indicates that the Japonica rice var- ieties bred and released in Taiwan since 1945 all possessed close relationship to only a few common ancestors, with the consequence of rather narrow genetic diversity in the planted rice paddy field of Taiwan. This kind of potential disaster upon the change of environments (broad sense) should be avoided by broadening the genetic basis of future new rice varieties. In order to facilitate the evaluation of a planed crossing scheme and to calculate the consanguineous relationship between any two rice varieties bred in Taiwan, a computer program written in Fortran and based on the results of Proc Inbreed of renowned SAS system was developed and can be efficiently used for the aformentioned purposes.

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26

Yang, Ya-Ching. "Chloroplast DNA Variation between and within Japonica and Indica Rice Subspecies." 2005. http://www.cetd.com.tw/ec/thesisdetail.aspx?etdun=U0001-0607200511195300.

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27

Yang, Ya-Ching, and 楊雅淨. "Chloroplast DNA Variation between and within Japonica and Indica Rice Subspecies." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32798451248261257415.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
93
Chloroplast genomes in higher plants generally contain two large inverted repeats (IRs), separated by a large single copy region (LSC) and a small single copy region (SSC). In rice, the chloroplast genome is about 134.5-kb in length and comprises at least four rRNA genes, 30 tRNA genes, and over 100 genes that encoding proteins. By summarizing previous studies on DNA polymorphisms resulted from restriction sites analysis in Oryza, the inter-subspecific length-polymorphisms and SNPs between the chloroplast genomes of Japonica and Indica rice were verified. The cpDNAs have been sequenced completely only in three varieties (the Japonica type, Nipponbare and PA64S; and the Indica type, 93-11), and the relative variation between/within subspecies is still unclear due to lack of more representive varieties. In this study, nine varieties of each subspecies were used to elucidate inter- or intra-subspecific chloroplast variations, the chloroplast genes related to these variations, and the evolutionary relationships among chloroplast, nuclear and mitochondrial DNA. In a total sequence of 576-kb in length, 97 variations in the rice chloroplast genomes between Japonica and Indica, including 27 InDels and 70 SNPs, were detected. In the inter-subspecific variations, the InDel rate in the LSC region (0.03%) was much higher than the other regions, and the highest SNP rate was in the SSC region, followed by the LSC region. In addition, an I-35 was found around the 76 kb in the LSC region existed in KS139 merely, and two adjacent SNPs specifically emerged in CHS6, KSS2, TCN1, and TCS17. And the frequency of variation among Indica varieties was 6.6x10-3 per kb larger than that among Japonica varieties (8.2x10-4 per kb). Based on the differences in reverse-complementary sequence variations between Indica and Japonica varieties, and within Indica varieties, the timings of inversion incidents could be traced back at pre- or post-differentiation stages of rice subspecies, respectively. According to the results from BLAST queries, the average number of cpDNA fragments integrated into the nuclear chromosomes was 6.42, which was near to the number of seven of cpDNA flux to the mitochondrial genome, and it appeared that the occurrence of cpDNA transferring to the nuclear or mitochondrial genomes was frequently. And the averaged transferring frequency for a single copy cpDNA fragment was 6.05, and the transferred frequency for cpDNA fragments in the inverted repeat regions was twice (14 on average) more than the single copy regions. It also indicated that the cpDNA fragments transferring to the nuclear genome were distributed evenly over the chloroplast genome. Results of this study not only contribute the information on chloroplast DNA variations among varieties, but also facilitate further researches on the relation between chloroplast genes and important agronomic traits of rice.

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28

LEW, JEM-MIN, and 柳正鳴. "Selection strategy in breeding program for japonica rice varieties in Taiwan." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79351909420875262991.

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29

Yang, Yi-Fan, and 楊依凡. "Tolerance mechanism of Japonica-type rice TNG67 mutant against fluazifop-P-butyl." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/12911610797741561781.

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30

Liao, Hsing-Chi, and 廖杏綺. "Studies on the Fine Structure and Physicochemical Properties on Japonica Waxy Rice Starches." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/10517820534590198508.

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碩士
國立中興大學
食品科學系
86
Six varieties of japonica waxy rice , including four native from Taiwan（Tai Keng Waxy, Tai Keng Waxy 5, Taichung Waxy 70, Hsinchu Waxy 4 ） and 2 brought in form Japan（Odome-mochi, Chukoku-mochi 130）, were used as test samples in the study. The fine structure as well as physicochemical properties which include amylose content, swelling power, solubility, gelatinization properties, viscoamylograph and rheological properties were examined.The results showed that the average degree of polymerization(DP) of six varieties of japonica waxy rice amylopectin were between 11800 and 15000 glucose units, and had the average chain length(CL) of 19.8~21.4 glucose units. The average chain number(NC) was showed negative and positive correlation with the average chain length and the average degree of polymerization, respectively. The chain length distribution profiles of amylopectin from six varieties showed two peaks patterns, corresponding to CL value of 13~15 and 35~44 glucose units. Chain length which was longer was comparatively combined with iodine. So it was only long chain area had absorb of blue value, and two foreign varieties had higher blue value.All samples had the amylose content below 4%. Onset temperature(To) had negative related to swelling power and solubility on 65℃, and positive to gelatinization temperature(T). There were lower swelling power of two foreign varieties on 65℃. Enthalpy tended to negative related to final vicoisity. It was showed a lower setback(SB) vicoisity for all samples indicated that these varieties had a high starch gelatinized stability, and was apt to retard the retrogradation. The rheological properties was depended on the structure of starch granular, and all rheological properties had no relationship to fine structure of amylopectin, expect TG''. Through there were some relationship within physicochemical properties, most of them hadn''t direct interrelated with fine structure of amylopectin. If we want to find out the connect between fine structure of amylopectin and physicochemical properties, we have to understand the organize of starch granule with physicochemical properties and fine structure of amylopectin furthermore.

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31

HUANG, BAO-YUAN, and 黃寶元. "Anglysis of the factors of of panicle characteristics construction in japonica rice varieties." Thesis, 1992. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24276530114839327204.

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32

Chen, Kuan-Hsiu, and 陳冠秀. "Selection of Male Sterile Lines for Producing Two-Line Hybrids of Japonica Rice." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/39hekq.

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33

Wu, Hshin-Ping, and 吳心平. "Segregation distortion in the BC1F1 population from a cross between indica and japonica rice." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/91202633818335528513.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
96
Reproductive barriers are thought to play an important role in the processes of speciation and differentiation. One of the applications of DNA markers in studying reproductive barrier is the analysis of segregation distortions that deviates from expected Mendelian segregation ratios. Therefore, it is necessary to develop high-density molecular linkage maps and to analyze the proportions of genotypes over the whole genome, and moreover, to estimate the locations and effects of segregation distortion loci and the directions of the deviation of genotype frequencies by using model methods. The BC1F1 population consisting of 254 individuals was created from a backcross between an indica variety Taichung Sen10 as recurrent parent and a japonica variety Taikeng2 as donor parent. Genotyping was performed using 133 insertion-deletion (InDel) markers and 14 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers, yielding a genetic map of 1494.7 cM, with an average interval of 11.072 cM. However, in some regions the map distances between markers showed considerable deviation from the published linkage map. Segregation distortions were found on chromosome 1, 2, 3, 6, 10, 11 and 12 respectively. There were some distorted markers clustered in special regions on chromosome 3, 6 and 11, and they all deviated toward indica homozygote. The positions of regions with serious biased genetic distances and regions where distorted markers clustered were overlapping. This result conforms with other studies which showed that the genetic distances between markers distorted toward the same direction will be underestimated. Chi-square test revealed that there is no interaction between distorted markers on different chromosomes, hence single SDL model method is used. Maximum likelihood method is implemented via an Expectation-Maximum algorithm to estimate the locations and effects of segregation distortion loci. Totally, there are 10 SDLs on all chromosomes in this backcross population from a cross between TCS10 and TK2.

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34

Yen, Tsai Yi, and 顏采衣. "Development of InDel Markers for Variety Identification amomg Major Japonica Rice Cultivars in Taiwan." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85956012184280641841.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
95
In order to identify the major japonica rice cultivars in Taiwan, 10 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers, 152 insertion/deletion (InDel) markers and 156 sequence tagged sites (STS) markers were screened against 21 japonica rice cultivars. Among the 318 markers screened, 59 of them are polymorphic, including 4 SNP markers, 30 InDel markers, and 25 STS markers. After eliminating dominant markers, tetra primer markers and replications of polymorphisms, there are 34 co-dominant markers showing unique polymorphic patterns. Five minimum sets of markers that can identify each of the 21 japonica rice cultivars completely from these 34 unique polymorphic markers contains only 7 markers. The sensitivity for testing bulk samples reach 10% while using these co-dominant markers, and therefore suitable for analyzing large amount of samples during variety testing.

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35

Wu, Wen-Chin, and 吳文欽. "Genetic Base and Diversity of Japonica Rice varieties of Taiwan Based on Pedigree Analysis." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03516057943732256494.

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碩士
國立中興大學
生命科學系所
96
Genetic diversity is an important consideration for crop breeding, since genetic uniformity makes plants potentially and identically vulnerable to unexpected epidemics. Using the pedigree data of Japonica rice varieties, the purpose of this study was to quantify the component of genetic base, and to evaluate the changes of the genetic diversity of Japonica rice (Oryza sativa L.) in Taiwan. Several Japanese varieties were introduced for parental combinations to develop Japonica rice varieties of Taiwan. And those Japanese introductions of unknown ancestry were considered as ancestors and assumed to be unrelated to each other. In this study, the pedigrees of 201 Japanese varieties were used to construct a pedigree database for Japanese germplasm. Analyses were performed to study the genetic base of 110 Japonica rice varieties released from 1940 to 1994, and 32 released from 1998 to 2007. Three of the largest contributing ancestors in these two periods were the same. They were Hodoyoshi, Shukuchou and Shinshouki (which were the direct parents of Shinriki, Kameji and Aikoku, respectively). Based on the number of ancestors and the number of the predominant ancestors which composed over 60% to genetic components, the genetic base of Japonica rice breeding in recent period was broader than that in previous period. There were 56 introductions (55 from Japan and 1 from Korea) were used as parental combinations to develop Japonica rice varieties in Taiwan. The mean coefficient of parentage among 56 introductions was 0.052. 17 of the 56 introductions were unrelated to the others. Based on 39 introductions, cluster analysis produced 13 groups. Two sub-clusters were included in one major group, and the mean coefficient of parentage is 0.298; the mean coefficients of parentage for two sub-clusters were 0.355 and 0.349. The values above are high, than the relationship should be considered for introducing the foreign varieties for parental combinations to increasing or keeping genetic diversity. Evaluation of the genetic variation in Japonica rice region between 1971 to 2002, showed that only 14 primary varieties were grown and covered a relatively large proportion of the primary production region. The 12 primary varieties were closely related to each other. Most of them have the relationship about the direct parent and the offspring. Genetic uniformity was lowest in 1987 and highest in 1982, when a single variety (Tainung 67) comprised 76.8% of the total hectarage. And the value has decreased in recent years. And the field uniformity from different years indicated that use of varieties being closely related for parental combination was improved, which made the genetic diversity increase.

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36

Hsieh, Lien-Yi, and 謝廉一. "Variety Identification among Major Japonica Rice Cultivars of Taiwan Based on Simple Sequence Repeat Markers." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79455500959684918769.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
92
In order to identify the major Japonica type rice cultivars grown in Taiwan, this research used 46 pairs of simple sequence repeat (SSR) primers conducting analysis on 25 rice cultivars. After polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and automatic DNA fragment detection based on primer labeled with florescent dye, 20 pairs of primers showed polymorphism among cultivars. In total, there were 21 polymorphic loci, with average 2.9 alleles per locus, averaged Polymorphic Information Content is 0.383. All cultivars can be distinguished based on polymorphic SSR markers, except Taikeng No. 11 and Taikeng No. 15. The minimum set of primers that can be used to distinguish all 25 entries and 18 major cultivars are composed of 6 and 4 pairs or primers, respectively. For distinguishing major cultivars, a set of 4 pairs of primers, which are suitable for Multiplex PCR, is also found.

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37

Tseng, Hsin-Yi, and 曾馨儀. "Segregation distortion in the BC1F1 and F2 populations from a cross between indica and japonica rice." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/19884726718052195379.

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碩士
臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
98
Segregation distortion is the deviation of the segregation ratio of a locus from the expected Mendelian ratio. Ｍany causes will lead to segregation distortion, and they could be classified into gametic effect and zygotic effect. 　　In order to understand this phenomenon, a F2 and four reciprocal backcross populations from a cross between Taichung Sen 10 (indica) and Taikeng 2 (japonica) rice were created. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were used to determine whether the segregation ratios of backcross populations were deviated from expection. The EM algorithm was employed to obtain the maximum likelihood estimators of different populations. The results show that there are SDL of gametic effect in the backcross, but they have different effects on different mating types. When F1 was served as paternal parent in the backcross populations (TCS10/F1、TK2/F1), SDL were detected on the interval between RD0306 and RD0307 of chromosome 3 and RD0612 of chromosome 6. Both of the viabilities of SDL were nearly 0. When F1 was used as maternal parent in the backcross populations (F1/TCS10、F1/TK2), SDL was detected on the interval between RD0603 and RD0605 of chromosome 6. The viabilities of SDL was 0.69 in F1/TCS10 population, and 0.46 in F1/TK2 population. Additional SDL was detected on the interval between RD1101 and RD1102 of chromosome 11 in the backcross population from a cross between F1 and TCS10. The viability of this SDL was 0.59.The four SDL both deviated toward indica allele. However, no zygotic effect in four backcross populations was found. The genotypic frequencies of F2 appeared to be a combination of gametic effects without additional zygotic effect. 　　In the meanwhile, to understand how SDL affect the genetic distance、QTL detection and the accuracy of EM algorithm, simulation experiments were carried out. According to the simulation result, the genetic distance、QTL detection and the accuracy of EM algorithm will not affect by either one SDL nor two SDL on different chromosomes.The only way that the genetic distance is affected by two SDL on the same chromosome. While the effect of two SDL are the same, the genetic distance will reduce. Otherwise, the genetic distance will increase by the two SDL with different direction.

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38

tsai, Chia hsuan, and 蔡嘉軒. "The Antioxidative, Anti-inflammatory and Tyrosinase Inhibition Activities of Taiwan Japonica 9 Germinated Brown Rice Extracts." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/04529073686762105663.

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碩士
大葉大學
生物產業科技學系
102
In this study, we used TJ9 brown rice as the material. TJ9 brown rice was first soaked in the solution of distilled water or 5mM of L-glutamic acid aqueous solution for 24 hours, under the temperature of 36 degree Celsius, in a dark and airless condition for germination acceleration. After getting germinated and dried, we grounded the TJ9 brown rice into powders and conducted extraction through distilled water or methanol solution for 24 hours. Then, we frozen-dried the extract and conducted ingredient analysis and four anti-oxidative tests (Fe2+ chelating test, DPPH free radical scavenging activity test, Trolox equivalent reducing ability and anti-oxidative capacity test). Macrophage of mice, RAW264.7, was used for evaluating the anti-inflammatory effect of TJ9 brown rice. We also used mice melanocyte, B16-F10, for evaluating cell survival rate, quantity of melanin and activity of intracellular tyrosinase. Results were as follow: 1. Anti-oxidative effect increased as the concentration of the TJ9 brown rice increased. DPPH radical scavenging activity, reducing ability and Trolox anti-oxidative capacity showed the highest level in the extract of TJ9 brown rice germinated in 5mM L-glutamic acid and extracted from methanol. 2. Survival rate of RAW264.7 cell showed a growing trend. The extract of germinated TJ9 brown rice could significantly reduce the LPS-induced NO. 3. Survival rate of B16-F10 cell showed a growing trend as well. With the concentration of 0.5 mg/mL, all of the extract of germinated TJ9 brown rice reduced melanin. 4. Distilled water-germinated TJ9 brown rice could increase the activity of tyrosinase; while TJ9 brown rice germinated in 5mM L-glutamic acid showed no significance. The result of the study might have the potential for cosmetic product development. Keywords: TJ9 brown rice, anti-oxidative, RAW 264.7 mice macrophage, melanocyte, tyrosinase

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39

LU, MING-HUAN, and 呂明鐶. "Effect of degree of de-protein of japonica rice flour on formation of resistant starch and microscopic structures." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/7yb65d.

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碩士
國立宜蘭大學
食品科學系碩士班
105
Resistant starch (RS) is desirable for the human diet because of its prebiotic effects and associated health benefits for the colon. There are five types of resistant starch, type 3 (RS3) is consists mainly of retrograded or recrystallized amylose. Crystallization of starchy materials into RS3 is a result of the re-association of amylose chains in the form of double helices that are loosely arranged into a partially crystalline system that resists the diffusion and binding of hydrolytic enzymes. Post-crystallization treatments to modify the crystalline structure have been well documented for hydrothermal treatments, i.e., autoclaving-cooling cycles. Enzymatic debranching using pullulanase has been invesigateed to produce linear starch chains from rice starch, providing for more mobility of chains and ordered alignment; thus, the chains aggregate into crystalline structures and forming RS. The previous investigations have revealed, the waxy rice starch significantly increased RS content compared with rice flour after steam jet cooking with enzymatic debranch and retrogradation treatment. Rice starch is the result of an alkali treatment made from rice flour. The main difference between them is the protein content. Therefore, in this study the rice flour with different degree of alkali treatment to remove part of rice protein were used to prepare RS3 by steam jet cooking, enzymatic debranching and retrogradation treatment. The effect of protein on formation of RS3 content and microscopic structures of final products was investigated. Physicochemical properties, crystalline structure and in-vitro digestibility of flour and starch samples were investigated. The result showed that after 0.1% NaOH alkaline treatment, protein content of rice starch reduced to 0.09%, and the resistant starch generated by steam jet cooking, enzymatic debranching and retrogradation treatment was significantly higher than rice flour without treatment, The X-ray diffraction (XRD) results showed that: after steam jet cooking, enzymatic debranching and retrogradation treatment, all of the products had V-type crystallization. The SEM image showed, the structure of particle with the reduction in the protein content had formed more closely solid.

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40

吳佳恬. "Protein isolation and identification from a Japonica rice (Oryza sative) MT9 with promoting activity of anti-leukemia immunity." Thesis, 2009. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/42855179136996262591.

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41

GUO, JIE-WEI, and 郭介煒. "Dynamics of dry matter production in relation to grain yield of the japonica rice varieties released in Taiwan." Thesis, 1987. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/32437206478338491513.

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42

Wu, Dong-Hong, and 吳東鴻. "Construction and Evaluation of Rice Whole Chromosome Substitution Lines of Japonica Cultivar ‘Tainung 71’ Carrying Indica Cultivar ‘Habataki’." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08820164375627609443.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
101
To facilitate the introgression of elite indica genes into japonica cultivars and the improvement of grain yield potential and stress tolerance in Taiwanese rice, we developed a novel mapping population consisting of 13 ‘Whole Chromosome Substitution Lines’ (WCSLs). In each line, common genetic background of the japonica cultivar ‘Tainung 71 (TNG71)’ (Taiwanese elite cultivar) was substituted by different single or large segment of chromosome of the indica cultivar ‘Habataki’. In order to determine the selection strategy, simulation studies based on the conditional probabilities of obtaining whole chromosome were conducted to estimate the minimum population size of each generation. The results indicated the minimum BC1F1 population size would be 80 plants to avoid the loss of any chromosome, and each BC2F1 and BC3F1 subpopulation needed at least 30 plats to maintain target whole chromosome. Subsequently, subpopulation size for each BC3F2 would be 223 plants for development of substitution line with targe whole chromosome. In order to enhance the selection efficiency of genotyping platform, a set of 506 PCR-based novel insertion/deletion (InDel) markers were designed. The InDel to amplicon size ratios, based on the japonica template, were in the range of 8.8%-45.6%, with an average of 21.6%. As a result, the PCR product can be efficiently separated and easily scored by running 30 min of non-submerging electrophoresis on 2%-3% agarose gels. For development of WCSLs, recurrent parent TNG71 was crossed with Habataki in the second crop season of 2008, selected progenies carrying target whole chromosomes were then backcrossed for three generations. Subsequently, 13 candidate lines carrying homozygous chromosome segments of Habataki in the target regions were selected from BC3F2 populations in 2011. The genotypes of the 151 InDel and SSR markers for the selected WCSLs were dtermined to confirm the substitution of the target chromosome. Results of preliminary field evaluation of the WSCLs in the second crop season of 2012 showed that the Line ‘TARI71_2’, which carried hybrid breakdown gene hbd2 on chromosome 2, showed dwarf plant height (70.3 cm), low fertility (48%) and panicle number per plant was reduced from 10.8 to 3.5. The chromosome segment containing hbd2 gene should be eliminated during introgression of other high yielding traits to TARI71. In the introgression of other genes with high yield, line ‘TARI71_1, which carried high grain number gene (Gn1) and semi-dwarf gene (sd1) of Habataki on chromosome 1, showed that when comparing with TARI71, the grain number per panicle was increased from 116.4 to 128 and the plant height was reduced from 94.7 to 74.3 cm. Line ‘TARI71_6’, which contained primary branch number gene qPBN6 of Habataki onr chromosome 6, showed the grain number per panicle could arrive at 151.2 and the ripening rate still maintained 90%. Line ‘TARI71_10’, which possess can be observed the substation effect of the early heading date gene Ehd1 of Habataki on chromosome 10, showed that the heading days was reduced from 76 to 53 and the grain number per panicle also was reduced from 116.4 to 78.0. In addition, to demonstrate the potential usage of these WCSLs, we used the ‘Stepped Aligned inbred Recombinant Strains’ (STAIRS) to detect the effect and location of Gn1 locus on the short arm of chromosome 1 and developed a near isogenic line of TARI71 containing Gn1 allele from Habataki which showed significant increases on both number of secondary branches and number of grains. We believed that the construction and evaluation results of WCSL under Taiwanese cultivar background will be beneficial to rice breeding and genetic studies and to accumulate the ability of marker assisted breeding for target traits.

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43

Wang, Arthur Z., and 王子明. "Comparison of the changes of gebe frequency in Indica-Japonica rice hybrid progenies via bulk and single seed descent method." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/46222991470168935804.

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碩士
國立中興大學
農藝學研究所
86
To detect the changes of gene frequency of Indica-Japonica rice hybrid progenies using single seed descent (SSD) method, bulk method in the field (BF) and in the greenhouse (BG), four rice hybrids were crossed from four Japonica types and two Indica types. From F2 through F7 generations, the gene frequencies od acid phosphatase (Acp-1), peroxidase (Pox-1) and phenol reaction (Ph) were investigated. The results were summarized as follos: 1. All four hybrids derived from SSD, BF and BG methods had higher frequency in Acp-1-4. In other words, the hybrid progenies were skewed in favor of Indica parents in Acp-1 locus. 2. The segregation ratio of Pox-1Nul and Pox-12A derived from Java 14*CNS 6 in three selection populations were in accordance with Mendelian ratio theory. Consequently, the gene which did not belong to Indica or Japonica type were not skewed. 3. All four hybrids derived from SSD, BF and BG methods had higher frequency in Ph+ form. It methoded that hybrid progenies were skewed in favor of Japonica parents in Ph locus, therefore, the performance distribution of Ph was equaled to that of Acp-1. 4. The results showed that the SSD population had the ability of recovering population variation. But these two populations that improved acclerated generation cycle and BF population were no differences in gene frequencies variation.

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44

Huang, Yu-Tien, and 黃于恬. "Introgression of Xa genes into TK9 rice varietyby using indica-japonica hybridization and study on the inheritance of agronomic traits." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54169900910848853077.

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碩士
國立中興大學
農藝學系所
103
Bacterial blight disease (BBD) is a widespread and destructive disease of rice in irrigated and rainfed environments in Asia. Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) causes bacterial blight disease. The disease can cause 30 to 50% yield loss severely. Chemical management isn’t useful to defect bacterial blight, and it’s with higher spending. Generally believed that impoting the multiple Xa genes into varieties to produce the broad resistance, so that is the most effective strategy with economic values. TK9 is one of the most popular japonica type rice varieties in Taiwan because of its good plant type, stable yield and excellent grain quality. But it is suscepitible to bacterial blight disease. In this study, markers assisted selection (MAS) strategy was conducted to introgress Xa genes into TK9 to improve its BBD resistance. We chose indica variety, IRBB66 (Xa4, xa5, Xa7, xa13 and Xa21), to be the resistance doner parent. We investigated by taking F2 population with a view to assess the variability, heritability and genetic parameters. We found heritability of lots of traits are high. So we can select plants with excellent traits in early stage. Because the polymorphism traits between TK9 and IRBB66 are height, tiller, heading date, grain length, grain width and yield traits. They are better traits to map genes. So we chose 102 SSR markers averaging in 12 rice chromosomes to analyse 92 F2 . We found one QTL (qHeight-1)controlling height on chromosom 1, one QTL (qhd-1) controlling heading date on chromosome 8, and one QTL (qGL-1). We took 1500 F2 plants to analysis introgressing probabilities and its genetic characteristics in the TK9/IRBB66 population. By using 10 markers linked to Xa genes to select various genotypes, we took 1500 F2 plants to analysis introgressing probabilities and its genetic characteristics in the TK9/IRBB66 population.We found that actual probabities are lower than expected probabilities. Because there are segregations of traits in TK9/IRBB66 population. We took pedigree and single seed descent method for breeding. We selected plants with height, tillers, plant ancle, heading date, lesion, grain shape, and yield traits. We can keep the segregations of the poulation with single seed descent method, and then can select excellent plants by using these two breeding methods. We hope to breed a new variety from pedigree and single seed descent methods.

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45

Huang, Huei-Jiuan, and 黃惠娟. "Mapping Genes Resistant to Blast (Pyricularia grisea Sacc.) and Brown Planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stal.) in Japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.)." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01728265236517543645.

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博士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
91
The rice breeding programs in Taiwan for developing high quality varieties with resistance to disease and insect usually use japonica rice as parents. To facilitate the breeding goals, the molecular linkage maps based on japonica × japonica crosses was developed. In this study, a molecular linkage map of japonica rice was constructed by 160 F2-derivided lines of TNG69 × Koshihikari population. It consisted of 135 DNA markers, totally spanning 1,350cM with an average interval of 14.67cM. According to the genotypic frequencies of molecular markers, segregation distortion was found in the F2 population. About 37.0% of investigated markers, or 50 out of 135, segregated distortedly from Medelian ratios. Distortion segregation was clustered on the linkage group A and H. Most makers of distortion segregation originated from male parent Koshihikari, with about 70.0%. The F2-derivded lines from TNG69×KHK were screened by greenhouse inoculation and field test. Both methods revealed resistance to rice blast was controlled by two major genes and several modifying genes in TNG69. Broad-sense heritability (H2B) was estimated on the combined analysis of variance. The value was 85.4% in greenhouse inoculation and 73.7% in field test. The eight sets data of disease test from 1999 to 2001 in two locations were analyzed using Mapmaker-QTL system. The result showed that all of DNA segments linkage with resistance to rice blast was detected in the interval of linkage group A, from R165 to R750-1 with the interval of 12.4cM. The resistance to rice blast of the CK block in nitrogen fertilizer treatment was detected in this interval, too. The phenotypic contribution value were from 21.3 to 74.2% and LOD score from 7.43 to 24.42 for all test data except the field test of the 1999. It was suggested that QTL in the interval R165-R750-1 of linkage A contained a major gene. The result of resistant test of brown plant hopper (BPH) showed that there were five major gene mechanism and one of them was recessive. The H2B value of BPH resistance was 73.9%. The BPH test at the year 2000 to 2002 was analyzed using Mapmaker-QTL system, and the result showed that all of the DNA segments linkage with BPH resistance were detected in the interval OPK16-R736 of linkage group G, with the length of 15.5cM. The phenotypic contribution value were from 36.8 to 79.9% and LOD score from 4.88 to 11.96 which suggested that QTL in interval OPK16-R736 of linkage G is a major gene. Twenty-three makers on linkage A (chromosome 12) were detected significantly related to rice blast resistance, and five makers on linkage G were detected significantly related to BPH at 0.01% resistance. The twenty-eight makers linkage with resistance were useful tools to be applied in marker-assisted-selection (MAS) for rice varieties resistant to rice blast or BPH with the stable yield. In the present, it was determined that expression consistent QTLs related with rice blast and BPH of F2-derivded lines in different environment. It is helpful that a substantial proportion of QTL affecting trait are consistent and stable across different environments. The QTLs related with rice blast were detected in greenhouse test, and all of them were expressed at least twice in the four time tested. This shows that disease test in greenhouse is more stable and representative than field test is. The effect of QTL mapping on the basis of different recording methods showed that recording serious scores of disease or insect resistance was better than recording the mean score. Two false QTLs were detected by recording mean score of rice blast resistance during three-year test in field. Therefore, it is suggested that recording serious scores gives meaningful results than recording mean score does.

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46

Chepyshko, Hanna, and 邱安娜. "Multifunctionality and diversity of GDSL esterase/lipase gene family in rice (Oryza sativa L. japonica) genome: new insights from bioinformatics analysis." Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88w664.

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博士
國立中興大學
食品暨應用生物科技學系所
100
GDSL esterases/lipases are a newly discovered subclass of lipolytic enzymes that are very important and attractive research subjects because of their multifunctional properties, such as broad substrate specificity and regiospecificity. Compared to the current knowledge regarding these enzymes in bacteria, our understanding of the plant GDSL enzymes is very limited, although the GDSL gene family in plant species includes numerous members in many fully sequenced plant genomes. Only two genes from a large rice GDSL esterase/lipase gene family were previously characterised, and the majority of the members remain unknown. In the present study, we describe the rice OsGELP (Oryza sativa GDSL esterase/lipase protein) gene family at the genomic and proteomic levels, and use this knowledge to provide insights into the multifunctionality of the rice OsGELP enzymes. In this study, an extensive bioinformatics analysis identified 114 genes in the rice OsGELP gene family. A complete overview of this family in rice is presented, including the chromosome locations, gene structures, phylogeny, and protein motifs. Among the OsGELPs and the plant GDSL esterase/lipase proteins of known functions, 41 motifs were found that represent the core secondary structure elements or appear specifically in different phylogenetic subclades. The specification and distribution of identified putative conserved clade-common and -specific peptide motifs, and their location on the predicted protein three dimensional structure may possibly signify their functional roles. Potentially important regions for substrate specificity are highlighted, in accordance with protein three-dimensional model and location of the phylogenetic specific conserved motifs. The phylogenetic analysis, together with protein motif architectures, and the expression profiling were analysed to predict the possible biological functions of the rice OsGELP genes. Presented genomic analysis introduces fundamental information on the organization of the rice OsGELP gene family. With combination of the genomic, phylogenetic, microarray expression, protein motif distribution, and protein structure analyses, supported basis for the functional prediction of many members in the rice GDSL esterase/lipase family were created. The present study provides a platform for the selection of candidate genes for further detailed functional study.

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47

Cheng, Chih-Han, and 鄭至涵. "Difference of drought tolerance between Indica-type IR64 and Japonica-type rice and the relationship betweenaccumulation and abscisic acid in tolerance mechanism." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/43088530513785954068.

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碩士
中興大學
農藝學系所
99
In order to screen drought-sensitive and -tolerant rice mutants, rice growth responses to drought at different development stages were studied. Experimental results showed that rice growth was inhibited with decreasing water potential, and the coleoptile elongation had higher sensitivity to and proportionally inhibited by water stress, which was similar to the response of injury index of rice seedlings. After serial screening of drought-S and -T mutants, which were mutated from Indica-type rice var. IR64 by sodium azide, it seemed that more T-mutants were observed from 5 mM sodium azide mutation. However, drought tolerance trait is still variable in M3 and M4 generations. Due to the significant difference of drought-tolerance between Indica- and Japonica-type rice plants, based on the coleoptile elongation inhibition and injury index of seedlings, the role of osmoregulation through proline accumulation in roots played in drought tolerance was explored. Both an increased activity of Δ1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthetase (P5CS) and a decreased activity of proline dehydrogenase (PDH) in tolerant Indica-type IR64, confirmed the osmoregulation. In addition, that proline accumulation in roots thought ABA mediation under water stress was also proven by the exogenous application of ABA.

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48

Fan, Hao-Chang, and 范豪昌. "Responses of the Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits to the Planting Density of Japonica Type Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Released from 1936 to 1993 in Taiwan." Thesis, 1999. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/72292266741089443611.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
87
The objectives of this study were to determine the effect of plant density on the yield and other agronomic traits in rice. 11 major rice cultivars that had been grown in Taiwan during the period of 1930-1990 were evaluated in the 1st crop of 1996 in Taipei at three plant densities (106,667, 160,000, 320,000 plants/ha with a randomized complete block design with 4 replications). The cultivars included in this study were (with year of releasing in brackets): TC65 (1936), CN8 (1941), HC56 (1953), CN242 (1956), TN5 (1965), KSS1 (1972), TN67 (1978), HC64 (1981), TN70 (1985), TK2 (1989), and TK9 (1993). The results were summarized as follows: 1. The performance of each agronomic trait of different cultivars was different under different planting densities. 2. The yield of TN67 was the highest among all cultivars, but it was found no significant difference between CN8 and TN67. In addition, TK9 and HC64 had the similar yield with TN67. 3. The more increase in planting density, the more yield could be obtained in each rice cultivar. However, yield increase was not obvious when planting density was more than 160,000 plants/ha. 4. Different cultivars and yield components varied in response to different planting densities. The more increase of planting density, the more decrease of spike numbers and spikelet numbers / spike. In the contrast, fertility and 1000-grain weight would increase under high planting density. 5. At high planting density, 70 % of yield was contributed by spike numbers and spikelet numbers / spike. At low planting density, fertility and 1000-grain weight influenced yields significantly. 6. New cultivars showed higher plant height, longer spike and stem length compared with old ones. 7. It was found there was existed highly correlation among yield / plant and biomass, panicle weight, straw weight, grain density and harvest index. Furthermore, biomass, straw weight and grain density increased with the era of breeding cultivar, but no similar tendency was found in panicle weight and harvest index. 8. The difference of the adjustment factor of the leaf area is similar in both in old and new cultivars. The average value was 0.6552 and the C.V. was 2.68 %. It suggested that the leaf shapes of the old and new cultivars were similar. 9.It showed that the spikelet numbers of mainstem was highly correlated with the numbers of first branch, second branch and grain density respectively in all cultivars.

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49

Wu, Kuen-Rong, and 吳崑榮. "Responses of the Grain Yield and Agronomic Traits of Japonica Type Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Cultivars Released in Past Sixty Years in Taiwan to Nitrogen-fertilizer and Temperature." Thesis, 2000. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03862701015012081497.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
農藝學研究所
88
The aims of this study were to compare the yield and other agronomic traits of major Japonica rice cultivars released from 1936 to 1993 under different levels of nitrogen fertilizers and temperature treatments. Twelve major cultivars ( TC65(1936), CN8(1941), HC56(1953), CN242(1956), TN5(1965), KSS1(1972), TN67(1978), HC64(1981), TN70(1985), TK2(1989), TK8(1992) and TK9(1993) ) were grown in 1/2000are Wagner plastic pots of National Taiwan University Agriculture Experimental Farm, Taipei, in 2nd Crop of 1996 and 1st crop of 1997 respectively. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied in the 2nd crop and 1st crop with 80,130,180 kg /ha and 80,160,240 kg/ha. Calcium superphosphate and potassium chloride were applied in both of these experiments were 90Kg and 60Kg respectively. On the other hand, 9 Japonica rice cultivars ( TC65, CN8, TN5, TN67, HC64, TN70, TK2, TK8 and TK9 ) were also grown in 1/5000a Wagner plastic pots in the Phytotron under four different temperature conditions ( 20/15℃, 25/20℃, 30/25℃ and 35/30℃ ) in the phytotron of National Taiwan University in the 1st crop of 1997. 160 kg /ha ammonium sulfate, 90kg/ha calcium superphosphate and 60 kg /ha potassium Chloride were applied in this experiment. The results were summarized as follows: 1.Old cultivars TC65, CN8 and HC56 produced the highest yield under different levels of nitrogen fertilizer treatments in both seasons. Recent cultivars TN67, TN70 and TK9 produced the highest yield especially at 1st crop experiment, the results indicated that although rice quality was one of the traits concerned in the breeding programs, the yield was still the most important trait. 2.TN65 produced the highest panicle number per hill under both fertilizer and temperature treatment. TN65, CN8, HC56, TN5 and KSS1 produced higher yield than that of other cultivars in the fertilizer treatment. 3.TN67 produced the highest spikekets per panicle. During recent 10 years, it showed a tendency of increasing the more number of spikekets/panicle and fertility and shortening the plant height according to the increase of years in all TK cultivars. 4.No. of tillers per hill for recent cultivars TK2, TK8 and TK9 were lower than that of old cultivars TC65 and CN8, but the effective No. of tillers and 1st branch number were higher. 5.In 2nd crop, the total plant weight of recent cultivars TN67, HC64, TN70 and TK9 were higher than that of old cultivars TC65, CN8, HC56 and TN5, but the harvest index was lower. 6.Old cultivars TC65 and CN8 headed more early than other cultivars, it suggested that they were adapted to be grown at 2nd crop of Northern Taiwan. 7.Under optimum temperature treatment, there was no significant difference on yield among all cultivars. 8.Old cultivars TC65 and CN8 produced more stable yield under different temperature treatments. 9.Under 20/15℃ treatment no yield was found in all cultivars because the delay of heading and the sterility of spikelets.

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50

Tavares, Ana Catarina Oliveira. "Caracterização de plantas de arroz mutantes no gene FRD-like em relação à homeostase de ferro e toxicidade por alumínio." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.14/36279.

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O arroz é um dos cereais mais produzidos e consumidos por grande parte da população. É uma excelente fonte energética, tornando-se um cereal importante principalmente em países em desenvolvimento. Independentemente de o arroz se adaptar às diversas condições de solo e clima, o seu crescimento é afetado por diversos fatores abióticos, destacando-se a deficiência de ferro (Fe) e a toxicidade por alumínio (Al). O Fe é um micronutriente essencial que participa em diversos processos fisiológicos, como a fixação de nitrogénio, produção de hormonas e síntese de DNA. As plantas quando submetidas a níveis de défice de Fe apresentam duas estratégias: a acidificação da rizosfera e posterior captação de Fe2+, realizada pela maioria das plantas; e a liberação de fitosideróforos que funcionam como quelantes de Fe3+ e posterior captação de Fe3+ quelado, utilizada apenas pelas gramíneas. O Al também é um fator limitante para o desenvolvimento de plantas de arroz, sendo um dos elementos mais abundantes na terra. A toxicidade de Al manifesta-se de diferentes formas, principalmente na inibição do alongamento das raízes, que afeta a captação de água e nutrientes. Por sua vez, este reduz níveis de crescimento e aumenta a suscetibilidade a fatores de stresse ambiental. Neste projeto selecionou-se 200 sementes de Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare e 200 sementes de uma variedade mutante no gene FRD-like. As sementes cresceram sob um sistema hidropónico durante 20 dias, seguidamente foram submetidas às diferentes condições: controlo (solução nutritiva), excesso de Al (solução nutritiva com adição de 450 μM AlCl3) e deficiência de Fe (solução nutritiva sem adição de Fe - 0 μM Fe-EDTA). Após 14, 21 e 28 dias de tratamento iniciou-se a recolha de plantas das duas linhagens de forma a analisar a altura da planta, o comprimento da raiz, o peso seco da raiz e da parte aérea, os níveis de clorofila total, e de modo a analisar a expressão de genes envolvidos com a homeostase de Fe e toxicidade de Al, com o intuito de caracterizar fisiologicamente e molecularmente plantas de arroz mutantes no gene FRD-like (locus Os12g0106600, um membro da família MATE) em relação ao seu papel na absorção e transporte de Fe e na tolerância à toxicidade por Al. Após a recolha de dados e análise estatística percebeu-se que a parte aérea da linhagem selvagem apresenta, ao longo dos 28 dias, diferenças significativamente superiores praticamente em todos os diferentes meios. O comprimento da raiz destacou-se no meio sem Fe, verificando-se diferenças significativamente superiores na linhagem mutante. No entanto, o peso seco da raiz oscilou durante os 28 dias, nos diferentes meios, sendo que a linhagem selvagem foi a única que apresentou diferenças significativamente superiores, principalmente, no meio controlo. A análise da expressão genética não se realizou devido à pandemia de Covid-19 que provocou o encerramento das atividades nos laboratórios e a impossibilidade de continuidade do projeto. Em síntese, a linhagem selvagem adapta-se melhor quando submetida à toxicidade de Al e ao défice de Fe. Esta pesquisa foi útil para começarmos a entender os mecanismos de tolerância ao stresse, os processos de translocação de Fe e a resposta à toxicidade de Al, mas a conclusão deste projeto terá um papel fundamental em programas de melhoramento genético que visem à biofortificação de grãos de arroz.
Rice is one of the most produced and consumed cereals by great part of the population. It is an excellent energy source, making it an important cereal mainly in developing countries. Regardless of whether rice adapts to different soil and climate conditions, its growth is affected by several abiotic factors, notably iron (Fe) deficiency and aluminum (Al) toxicity. Fe is an essential micronutrient that participates in several physiological processes, such as nitrogen fixation, hormone production and DNA synthesis. Plants submitted to Fe deficiency levels present two strategies: rhizosphere acidification and subsequent Fe2+ uptake, performed by most of the plants, and the release of phytosiderophores that function as Fe3+ chelators and later chelated Fe3+ uptake, used only by grasses. Al is also a limiting factor for the development of rice plants, being one of the most abundant elements on earth. The toxicity of Al manifests itself in different ways, notably in the inhibition of the root elongation that affects the uptake of water and nutrients. This reduces growth levels and increases susceptibility to environmental stressors. In this project, we selected 200 seeds of Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare and 200 seeds of a mutant lineage in the FRD-like gene. The seeds were grown under a hydroponic system for 20 days, then were submitted to different conditions: control (nutritive solution), Al excess (nutritive solution with the addition of 450 μM AlCl3) and Fe deficiency (nutritive solution without Fe added - 0 μM Fe-EDTA). After 14, 21 and 28 days of treatment, plants harvestings of the two strains began in order to analyze plant height, root length, root and shoot dry weight, total chlorophyll levels and the expression of genes related with Fe homeostasis and Al toxicity, in order to characterize physiologically and molecularly mutant rice plants in the FRD-like gene (locus Os12g0106600, a member of the MATE family) in relation to their role in the absorption and transport of Fe and in Al toxicity tolerance. After data collection and statistical analysis, it was noticed that the shoots of the wild line shows, over the 28 days, significantly higher differences in practically all different conditions. The root length stood out in the medium without Fe, with significantly higher differences in the mutant lineage. However, the root dry weight fluctuated during the 28 days, in the different media, being the wild lineage the only one that showed significantly higher differences, mainly in the control conditions. The analysis of gene expression was not carried out due to the Covid-19 pandemic that caused the laboratories closing and avoid the continuity of the project. In summary, the wild plants adapt better when subjected to Al toxicity and Fe deficiency. This research was useful to begin to understand the mechanisms of stress tolerance, Fe translocation processes and the response to Al toxicity, but the conclusion of this project will have a fundamental role in genetic improvement programs aimed at the biofortification of rice grains.

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