Academic literature on the topic 'Japonica ric'
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Journal articles on the topic "Japonica ric"
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Székely, Árpád, Tímea Szalóki, János Pauk, Csaba Lantos, Marks Ibadzade, and Mihály Jancsó. "Salinity Tolerance Characteristics of Marginally Located Rice Varieties in the Northernmost Rice-Growing Area in Europe." Agronomy 12, no. 3 (March 8, 2022): 652. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy12030652.
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Detailed experiments were performed to investigate the effects of the marginal cultivation of temperate japonica rice on salinity tolerance in different developmental stages and to detect new genetic resources for further research and breeding projects. Eight rice varieties were screened for salinity tolerance in a greenhouse at two developmental stages. During seedling-stage screening, stress was induced with a 12 dS m−1 NaCl solution. For reproductive-stage analysis, we applied continuous salinity stress (8.39 dS m−1 of soil extract at 25 °C (EC25)). We compared the marginal rice genotypes (japonica_1) to widely grown controls (those being Mediterranean japonica genotypes, referred as the japonica_2 group, which also included one indica genotype). Without stress, marginally cultivated genotypes had significantly higher potassium storage capacity (406 µmol g−1) in flag leaves than did japonica_2 (347) or indica (267). Moreover, the seeds contained twice as much sodium (5.27) as did the others (2.19 and 2.00). Based on root-to-grain allocation, we identified two sodium excluders (‘Dular’ and ‘Dáma’) and six includers under constant salinity stress. Among the includers, we found that ‘M488’ had extremely high sodium concentration in both the flag leaves (250.54 µmol g−1) and the grains (13.57 µmol g−1). Rice varieties bred for the edge of their habitat show special physiological patterns. The differences are mainly manifested as lower levels of antioxidant pigments, higher amounts of potassium in flag leaves, and higher sodium levels in grains under normal conditions. With the onset of stress, higher tillering ability, enhanced antioxidant pigment synthesis, and rapid potassium translocation from the root are the key mechanisms which help the plants to avoid serious damage caused by salinity.
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Courtois, Brigitte, Raffaella Greco, Gianluca Bruschi, Julien Frouin, Nourollah Ahmadi, Gaëtan Droc, Chantal Hamelin, et al. "Molecular characterization of the European rice collection in view of association mapping." Plant Genetic Resources 9, no. 2 (June 15, 2011): 233–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147926211100027x.
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In South Europe, rice is grown as an irrigated crop in river deltas where it plays an important role in soil desalinization. Specific varieties are needed for these tough conditions. We analyzed the genetic structure of a set of 305 varieties coming from the European Rice Germplasm Collection (ERGC) with 90 single nucleotide polymorphisms and compared it with a reference set representative of the diversity of Oryza sativa (mini-Germplasm Bank (GB)). These accessions had been characterized for their grain type and growth cycle duration. The polymorphism information contents of the ERGC were lower than those of the mini-GB, indicating a narrower genetic basis. Indeed, almost all ERGC accessions belong to the japonica group. Within the japonica group, both a dendrogram and a Bayesian clustering identified two major clusters. The first cluster encompassed tropical japonicas and American varieties from USA and Argentina characterized by long and narrow grains and medium to long duration. On a finer level, tropical japonicas appear separated from the other accessions. The second cluster is composed of European varieties mostly early or medium in duration and Asian temperate accessions, with a subgrouping based on grain format. A set of 200 accessions was composed for association mapping studies on traits such as salt tolerance.
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Hairmansis, A., Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, and Suwarno Suwarno. "IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v6n1.2005.28-31.
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The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.
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Hairmansis, A., Hajrial Aswidinnoor, Trikoesoemaningtyas Trikoesoemaningtyas, and Suwarno Suwarno. "IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE." Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science 6, no. 1 (July 23, 2013): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/ijas.v6n1.2005.p28-31.
Full textAbstract:
The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64) and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.
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Pacleb, Myrish, O.-Young Jeong, Jeom-Sig Lee, Thelma Padolina, Rustum Braceros, Lenie Pautin, Gideon Torollo, et al. "Breeding Temperate Japonica Rice Varieties Adaptable to Tropical Regions: Progress and Prospects." Agronomy 11, no. 11 (November 8, 2021): 2253. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy11112253.
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Temperate japonica rice is mainly cultivated in temperate regions. Many temperate japonica varieties have a superior grain quality that is preferred in Northeast Asian countries such as Japan, Korea, and China. The changes in consumers’ preferences in Southeast Asia and Western countries has contributed to increasing the demand for temperate japonica. Most temperate japonica varieties developed in temperate regions typically exhibit extra-early flowering under the short-day conditions in the tropics, which usually results in severely reduced yields. Since 1992, we have been developing temperate japonica varieties that can adapt to tropical environments to meet the increasing demand for temperate japonica rice, having released six varieties in the Philippines. Especially, the yield of one of the temperate japonica varieties, Japonica 7, was comparable to the yields of leading indica varieties in the Philippines. Here, we discuss the current breeding initiatives and future plans for the development of tropical-region-bred temperate japonica rice.
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Nessreen, N. B., A. K. Ammar, and A. Ezzat. "Study of some cooking and eating quality characters on some Egyptian rice genotypes." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 59 (April 23, 2014): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/59/2008.
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Some Egyptian rice genotypes [i.e. Japonica (Sakha 104), Japonica/Indica (Egyptian hybrid1) and Indica (Giza 182)] were investigated to evaluate the cooking and eating quality characters. High significant differences in grain shape were observed among rice genotypes. Hulling, milling and head rice percentage were higher in Sakha 104 than other rice genotypes, while Indica type (Giza 182) recorded the lowest values in milling and physical characters. No significant differences were found in chemical composition of the three genotypes of rice was recorded, but Giza 182 had the highest protein content. All Egyptian rice genotypes were low in gelatinization temperature and soft in gel consistency. Japonica and Indica rice varieties were low in amylase content, while Japonica/Indica rice variety was intermediate. The use of RVA is considered a good index for palatability evaluation for milled rice flour and starch. The Indica and Japonica/Indica types are low in breakdown viscosity, but higher in cooked pasta than Japonica type. Japonica type recorded the best score in panel test, followed by Indica type, while Indica/Japonica rice variety was the least accepted by Egyptian consumer.
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Harushima, Yoshiaki, Masahiro Nakagahra, Masahiro Yano, Takuji Sasaki, and Nori Kurata. "Diverse Variation of Reproductive Barriers in Three Intraspecific Rice Crosses." Genetics 160, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 313–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/genetics/160.1.313.
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Abstract Reproductive barriers are thought to play an important role in the processes of speciation and differentiation. Asian rice cultivars, Oryza sativa, can be classified into two main types, Japonica and Indica, on the basis of several characteristics. The fertility of Japonica-Indica hybrids differs from one cross to another. Many genes involved in reproductive barriers (hybrid sterility, hybrid weakness, and gametophytic competition genes) have been reported in different Japonica-Indica crosses. To clarify the state of Japonica-Indica differentiation, all reproductive barriers causing deviation from Mendelian segregation ratios in F2 populations were mapped and compared among three different Japonica-Indica crosses: Nipponbare/Kasalath (NK), Fl1084/Dao Ren Qiao (FD), and Fl1007/Kinandang puti (FK). Mapping of reproductive barriers was performed by regression analysis of allele frequencies of DNA markers covering the entire genome. Allele frequencies were explained by 33 reproductive barriers (15 gametophytic and 18 zygotic) in NK, 32 barriers (15 gametophytic and 17 zygotic) in FD, and 37 barriers (19 gametophytic and 18 zygotic) in FK. The number of reproductive barriers in the three crosses was similar; however, most of the barriers were mapped at different loci. Therefore, these reproductive barriers formed after Japonica-Indica differentiation. Considering the high genetic similarity within Japonica and Indica cultivars, the differences in the reproductive barriers of each cross were unexpectedly numerous. The reproductive barriers of Japonica-Indica hybrids likely evolved more rapidly than other genetic elements. One possible force responsible for such rapid evolution of the barriers may have been the domestication of rice.
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Watanabe, Mamoru, Yutaka Sumita, Issaku Azechi, Kengo Ito, and Keigo Noda. "Production Costs and Benefits of Japonica Rice in Mwea, Kenya." Agriculture 11, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 629. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agriculture11070629.
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From the perspective of national food security, strengthening domestic rice production is an urgent issue for Kenya. For this purpose, it is helpful to consider varieties that generate novel and competitive values different from those of conventional varieties. Recently, domestic japonica rice, which is now being distributed, has become an attractive variety with a high market price and its production is expected to increase. Although it is competitive and promising as a crop for small-scale farmers, the production stage costs and benefits are not clear. Thus, a study was conducted to perform a cost–benefit analysis of japonica rice in comparison to conventional rice at the production stage and evaluate strategies for strengthening the domestic production of rice. We conducted an experimental cultivation of japonica rice in the Mwea region, Kenya, where japonica rice is produced. As a result, although production costs for japonica rice are higher than costs for conventional varieties (24.46 KSh/kg versus 22.63 KSh/kg), when a high-yielding variety is grown (6.44 tons/ha for japonica rice compared to 6.07 tons/ha for conventional rice), a larger net profit can be obtained (65.54 KSh/kg versus 32.37 KSh/kg). We believe that initiatives to improve difficulties at the production stage would make the production of both japonica rice and conventional rice more economically viable and facilitate strengthening of the overall domestic rice production.
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Zhang, Peng, Zhuoran Ding, Zhengzheng Zhong, and Hanhua Tong. "Transcriptomic Analysis for Indica and Japonica Rice Varieties under Aluminum Toxicity." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20, no. 4 (February 25, 2019): 997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20040997.
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Aluminum (Al) at high concentrations inhibits root growth, damage root systems, and causes significant reductions in rice yields. Indica and Japonica rice have been cultivated in distinctly different ecological environments with different soil acidity levels; thus, they might have different mechanisms of Al-tolerance. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis in the root apex for Al-tolerance in the seedling stage was carried out within Al-tolerant and -sensitive varieties belonging to different subpopulations (i.e., Indica, Japonica, and mixed). We found that there were significant differences between the gene expression patterns of Indica Al-tolerant and Japonica Al-tolerant varieties, while the gene expression patterns of the Al-tolerant varieties in the mixed subgroup, which was inclined to Japonica, were similar to the Al-tolerant varieties in Japonica. Moreover, after further GO (gene ontology) and KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analyses of the transcriptomic data, we found that eight pathways, i.e., “Terpenoid backbone biosynthesis”, “Ribosome”, “Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism”, “Plant hormone signal transduction”, “TCA cycle”, “Synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies”, and “Butanoate metabolism” were found uniquely for Indica Al-tolerant varieties, while only one pathway (i.e., “Sulfur metabolism”) was found uniquely for Japonica Al-tolerant varieties. For Al-sensitive varieties, one identical pathway was found, both in Indica and Japonica. Three pathways were found uniquely in “Starch and sucrose metabolism”, “Metabolic pathway”, and “Amino sugar and nucleotide sugar metabolism”.
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Ishii, Takashige, and Koichiro Tsunewaki. "Chloroplast genome differentiation in Asian cultivated rice." Genome 34, no. 5 (October 1, 1991): 818–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/g91-126.
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Restriction endonuclease analysis of chloroplast DNA was carried out to clarify the chloroplast genome differentiation between Asian varieties of Oryza sativa. Based on the restriction fragment patterns obtained with six endonucleases, i.e., EcoRI, HindIII, PstI, PvuII, SmaI, and XhoI, chloroplast genomes of 68 local varieties from 15 Asian countries could be classified into five types (types 1, 3, 10, 11, and 12). Among these types, four length mutations and two base substitutions were found; these changes were located on the PstI physical map of rice chloroplast DNA. In a dendrogram showing genetic relationships among five chloroplast genomes, they are mainly divided into two groups, which we have named as the Japonica (types 1, 11, and 12) and Indica (types 3 and 10) chloroplast genome groups. Both groups are distributed widely in Asian countries. The Japonica isozyme group classified by J.C. Glaszmann (1985. Rice Genetics. International Rice Research Institute, Manila, Philippines, pp. 83–90) carries only the Japonica chloroplast genome, whereas the Indica isozyme group contains both Japonica and Indica chloroplast genomes.Key words: Oryza sativa, Asian varieties, chloroplast DNA, restriction endonuclease analysis, chloroplast genome differentiation.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Japonica ric"
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PESENTI, MICHELE. "GERMPLASM EVALUATION FOR SALT TOLERANCE IN JAPONICA RICE." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/707844.
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Soil salinity is one of the environmental constraints that affect crop cultivation worldwide. Among cereals, rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the most salt-sensitive although cultivars can differ in their response to salt stress. In European coastal rice areas, the salt wedge intrusion phenomenon caused by the rise in the sea levels consequent to the ongoing climate changes is provoking a tendency toward salinization in the adjacent paddy fields and coastal areas where rice is grown. Thus, the identification of rice cultivars tolerant to salt stress and the dissection of salt stress tolerance mechanisms are of high interest for European rice breeding.
Plant responses to salt stress are complex depending on the combination of the activity of many metabolic pathways and of the several involved genes, and thus they are difficult to control and/or engineer. Exploiting natural variation that occurs in worldwide genotypes may be a powerful approach to discover new genes and/or alleles involved in salt tolerance. Since salinity has many different effects on plants, several different tolerance mechanisms (osmotic tolerance, ion exclusion and/or tissue tolerance) exist. The predominance of a specific tolerance mechanism over others depends on salt stress intensity (severity x duration) and plant developmental stage.
Concerning indica rice subspecies, several QTLs and some genes involved in the phenotypic variability in response to salt stress have been identified and exploited in breeding programs for genetic improvement of élite varieties. On the contrary, in the case of japonica subspecies, far fewer information are available.
General objective of this work is the discovery of novel molecular variability at different developmental stages in japonica rice cultivars resulting in tolerance to the mild salt stress conditionsreported for some European rice areas. In major detail, possible research deliverables are the identification of QTLs, alleles and/or molecular markers exploitable in future genetic improvement programs.
The stated goal was pursued by a Genome Wide Association Study (GWAS) using a panel of 277 accessions of japonica rice already genotyped-by-sequencing producing 31,421 SNPs.
The accession panel was subjected to a two-year phenotyping through the evaluation, at different growth stages, of traits [leaf visual injuries score (SES), tillering rate, plant height, flowering time, flag leaf chlorophyll index, and flowering time] sensitive to salt stress. For these activities, plants were grown in greenhouse environment, in pots filled with paddy soil maintained submerged and, starting from the 4th leaf stage, subjected to about 5 dSm-1soil electric conductivity (ECe) by the addition of adequate NaCl amounts.For all the measurements obtained from the two-years data, the Least Mean Square (LMS) were calculated. To be able to compare two-year data and different parameters with different range amplitudes, all data were standardized by Z-score transformation, and subjected to two-step cluster analysis, achieving a Core Collection of the 5 most tolerant and the 5 most susceptible varieties in response to salt stress.
Moreover, the seed germination dynamics and the seedling emergence rate were analyzed under high salt environment (150 mM NaCl for germination, and about 10 dSm-1 soil ECe for emergence) in a single-year experiment.
For each of the 277 rice accessions the effect of salt on each trait was evaluated in terms of Stress Susceptibility Index (SSI) evaluating the performance of a single accession in relation to the whole collection. An association analysis between the phenotyping and the GBS results was carried out using Tassel 3.0 to calculate a Mixed Linear Model (MLM). The critical p-values for assessing the significance of SNPs were calculated based on a False Discovery Rate (FDR) separately for each trait; a FDR cut-off of α 0.05 was used for determining significance. Currently, a total of 33 Marker-Trait Associations (MTAs) between SNPs and the analyzed salt stress-related traits have been identified. Several loci were subsequently identified by intersecting the MTAs with the genes annotated on the Nipponbare reference genome.
GWAS analysis carried out on germination and emergence parameters highlighted the presence of interesting associations between two markers and two loci in linkage disequilibrium with them: Os09g0369400 and Os07g0485000, coding for a Trehalose 6-Phosphate Phosphatase 7 (OsTPP7) and a Trehalose 6-Phosphate Phosphatase 10 (OsTPP10), respectively, known to be involved in anoxia and salt stress response. Members of the OsTPPs family playing a role in the Trehalose-6P (T6P)/SnRK1 system that regulates the C-metabolism under stress conditions. Indeed, high levels of T6P inhibit the cell energetic metabolism that is, on the contrary, stimulated when T6P is dephosphorylated by TPPs activities. The possible involvement of OsTPP7/10 in this regulative network and in the different salt sensitiveness of the different rice accessions has been investigated in two japonica accessions Olcenengo and SR113, salt tolerant and sensitive, respectively. The results obtained indicate that under salt condition (NaCl 150 mM) the coleoptile growth rate is less affected in Olcenengo where the T6P levels are quite lower than in SR113. The rate of growth in the controls appeared after 24 h from sowing and it was greater in Olcenengo than in SR113. Salt stress reduces coleoptile growth rate in each genotype but in SR113 the effect was more marked. In salt condition, Olcenengo showed a higher and earlier OsTPP10 expression than SR113; this could trigger SnRK1 activity and thus the mobilization of starch (α-amylase activity), supporting the energy needed for seed germination and coleoptile elongation under salt stress. The data confirmed that in the general framework of stress tolerance, members of the OsTPPs family play a key role to overcome saline stress during the first stages of germination.
Moreover, on the basis of GWAS carried out on SES parameter, a QTL including a few genes that in the indica rice genome are localized within the major salinity tolerance-related QTL ‘SalTol’ have been identified. Among them, the gene encoding the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase 6 (OsOVP6) is present. Since OsOVP6 activity is suggested to be important in the network of the transport activities concerning Na+ and K+ transmembrane movement related to plant salt stress susceptibility/tolerance, an in depth physiological approach evaluating this possibility has been conducted. Two japonica salt-tolerant varieties (Galileo and Virgo), one japonica rice variety (PL12) known to be salt-susceptible, and the salt-tolerant indica genotype FL478 (containing the ‘SalTol’ QTL) have been considered.
The Na+/K+ ratio, Na+ influx and K+ efflux, H+ extrusion, cytosolic and vacuolar pH by in vivo 31P-NMR techniques were evaluated in roots. The results obtained, together with the electrophysiological evaluation of the whole root Na+ conductance, allow to define a picture that may explain the different salt tolerance observed among the genotypes analyzed. In this picture, OsOVP6 plays a central role.
In general, good variability within the population was observed for all the analyzed parameters. Salt stress tolerance is a multi-genic complex trait, and GWAS has proven to be a powerful tool for detecting natural variation underlying complex traits in crops.
Through association analysis, several MTAs have been highlighted, with the identification of interesting loci, involved in the salt stress response. In particular, the idea of the function of two genes belonging to the OsTPPs family has been reinforced, confirming that in the general framework of salt tolerance, OsTPPs play a key role to overcome the stress during the germination stages. In this context, two varieties with contrasting behavior have been identified within the collection, Olcenengo and SR113, very tolerant and susceptible, respectively.
Moreover, the idea of the vacuolar H+-pyrophosphatase function has been reinforced, too, since OsOVP6 activity is suggested to be important in the network of the transport activities concerning Na+ and K+ transmembrane movement related to plant salt stress tolerance.
Finally, by evaluating the overall performance of each genotype of the population in relation to each parameter measured along the two-years experiment, a "core collection" of the 5 most tolerant and the 5 most susceptible varieties has been identified.
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Slamet, Inez Hortense. "Protoplast culture and somatic hydridisation of Indica and Japonica rice cultivars." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335365.
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Cheng, Chen. "Semi-global Analysis of the Early Cold Stress Response Transcriptome of Developing Seedlings of Rice (Oryzasativa L.,japonica)." Fogler Library, University of Maine, 2006. http://www.library.umaine.edu/theses/pdf/ChengC2006.pdf.
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Ferreres, Contreras Irene. "Plant physiology and biotechnology for the study and improvement of Mediterranean japonica rice varieties." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/673999.
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Rice belongs to the Poaceae family and Oryza genus. The genus Oryza comprehends 24 species, being 22 wild and 2 cultivated. These two cultivated species correspond to Oryza sativa, originated in Asia, nowadays cultivated and consumed worldwide, and Oryza glaberrima, originated in Africa, but cultivated and consumed limitedly in West Africa, both are diploid (2n=24) (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Wei & Huang, 2019).
Traditionally, Oryza sativa has been classified into two subspecies, indica and japonica. Molecular analyses, as well as biochemical and hybrid sterility analyses, point out at the separate domestication of Oryza rufipogon populations as the origin for these two subspecies (Garris et al., 2005; Rakshit et al., 2007; Wei et al., 2012), with a gene flow present from japonica to indica (Yang et al., 2012). Indica rice is usually long grained, less sticky and with a lower level of amylopectin than japonica rice, which is short grained and sticky. There are also phenotypical differences between these subspecies, for example, japonica plants are generally shorter, the leaves have a lighter color and shaper shape. Also, the tiller number is lower in japonica than in the indica plants (Wei & Huang,
2019).
The O. sativa plant is a semiaquatic annual monocot grass although rice can live as perineal in the tropics (McLean et al., 2013). The plant has a height that varies from 80 to 150 centimeters depending on the variety and growing conditions (Bernis & Pamies,
2006), or even less in modern varieties. Its morphology varies according to the development stage, this being the vegetative phase or the reproductive phase. The vegetative phase includes the germination, the seedling and the tillering stage. The reproductive phase comprehends panicle initiation, also called heading, and flowering stages.
As a food, rice contributes to the 20% of calories ingested worldwide (Kubo & Purevdorj,
2004), reaching half of the calories ingested daily in some areas (Counce et al., 2000). In terms of consumption, as well as production, Asia is the main continent (McLean et al.,
2013). The rice production and consumption in Europe is minor compared to Asia. Despite that, rice holds an important sociocultural role since it is one of the basic foods of the Mediterranean diet. Some regions have developed famous rice dishes, like risotto in Italy or paella in Spain. The annual rice consumption per capita in Europe is 6-18
kilograms in the southern regions, and 3.5-5.5 kilograms in the northern regions (McLean et al., 2013). The main European producer is Italy, followed by Spain. These two countries hold more than 75% of the total rice production in Europe. Rice in Europe is also of ecological importance, due to the great biodiversity that inhabits and benefits from the paddy fields. Around 70-80% of rice cultivated in Europe are japonica varieties, and the rest indica (Bernis & Pamies, 2006; Ferrero, 2007). Agriculture is the most important bioeconomy sector in Spain, with a value of 43.8 million of euros in 2015 and coping the
50.9% employment of all bioeconomy sectors (Lániez & Periago, 2016). Rice mobilized
258.766 millions of euros in Spain in 2019 (MINECO, 2019). Thus, the studies dedicated to improving different aspects of the rice production in Spain are crucial.
This thesis has made a multidisciplinary approach, from genetics to the field, in order to study Mediterranean rice varieties considering its actual applicability for the Spanish rice industry through three experimental approaches: (i) an improvement of the anther culture protocol for two Mediterranean temperate japonica varieties and two tropical japonica varieties trough the addition of additives to the media; (ii) testing the salt-tolerance of Saltol-introgressed varieties to select those that will help to fight the apple snails plague in the Ebro Delta; and (iii) a study of genetic and physicochemical aspects of the rice pearl in five Mediterranean varieties, an important feature in gastronomical terms.
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Filho, Ivan Bezerra Quevedo. "Parboiled rice whole bran feeding japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica) stages of growth and production." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9202.
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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel SuperiorThis study aimed to evaluate the inclusion of parboiled rice bran (PRWB) in diets of Japanese quail in the growing and production. In the first experiment, we used 324 Japanese quails with seven days of age, distributed in a completely randomized design with six treatments and six replications of nine birds. Treatments consisted of six diets isonutritives, being a control diet without PRWB and the other containing 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25% of PRWB. The diets were offered ad libitum within 7 to 42 days and at the end of the growth phase the birds were transferred to the production hall being fed the same ration posture for 63 days. In the growth phase, the inclusion of PRWB above 5% linearly reduced digestibility of dry matter and gross energy of the feed, and from 14.27% in nitrogen digestibility, having, however, a linear increase in metabolizing energy. Feed intake, weight gain and final weight reduced without changing the feed conversion and body composition. During production, the addition of PRWB in the diet increased the growth of age at first egg production without influence (p <0.05) age to reach 50% yield, laying percentage, feed intake, weight and egg mass and feed conversion. Although there was some reduction of parameters when the PRWB increased above 5%, there was no deterioration in performance of birds fed different levels of PRWB in relation to the control group. Furthermore, the use of up to 25% PRWB provided the best economic feasibility. In the second experiment, a total of 448 quails at 17 weeks of age were randomly allotted in a completely randomized design with seven treatments and eight replicates of eight birds. We tested a control diet (without PRWB) and six diets containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30% PRWB. Rising levels of PRWB not influence the digestibility of nutrients, harnessing the energy of the diets, consumption, production, weight, and egg mass indices and economic feasibility. As for the quality of the eggs, we observed a linear decrease in the percentage of egg specific gravity and yolk color, with increasing inclusion of PRWB, while the percentage of yolk, albumen and Haugh units were not affected significantly. Whereas the utilization of nutrients in the ration and the performance of birds fed 30% inclusion of PRWB was not significantly lower than that obtained for the control group, while the quality of the shell, although they differ significantly from the results obtained with control diet are - within the average values reported. Thus, we can recommend the inclusion of parboiled rice bran in diets for Japanese quail at levels up to 25% in the growth phase and 30% in the production phase.
Objetivou-se avaliar a inclusÃo de farelo integral de arroz parboilizado (FIAP) nas raÃÃes de codornas japonesas nas fases de crescimento e produÃÃo. No primeiro experimento, foram utilizadas 324 codornas japonesas com sete dias de idade, distribuÃdas em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com seis tratamentos, seis repetiÃÃes de nove aves. Os tratamentos consistiram em seis raÃÃes isonutrientes, sendo uma raÃÃo controle, sem FIAP e as demais contendo 5, 10, 15, 20 e 25% de FIAP. As raÃÃes foram oferecidas à vontade no perÃodo de 7 a 42 dias e ao final da fase de crescimento as aves foram transferidas para o galpÃo de produÃÃo sendo alimentadas com a mesma raÃÃo de postura por 63 dias. Na fase de crescimento, a inclusÃo de FIAP acima de 5% promoveu reduÃÃo linear na digestibilidade da matÃria seca e da energia bruta da raÃÃo e, a partir de 14,27%, na digestibilidade do nitrogÃnio, havendo, no entanto, aumento linear na metabolizaÃÃo de energia. O consumo de raÃÃo, ganho de peso e peso final reduziram sem alterar a conversÃo alimentar e a composiÃÃo corporal. Na fase de produÃÃo, a adiÃÃo de FIAP na raÃÃo de crescimento aumentou a idade para produÃÃo do primeiro ovo, sem influenciar (p<0,05) a idade para atingir 50% de produÃÃo, percentagem de postura, consumo de raÃÃo, peso e massa de ovos e conversÃo alimentar. Embora tenha ocorrido reduÃÃo de alguns parÃmetros quando se aumentou o FIAP acima de 5%, nÃo houve piora no desempenho das aves alimentadas com os diferentes nÃveis do FIAP em relaÃÃo aos do grupo controle. AlÃm disso, o uso de atà 25% de FIAP proporcionou a melhor viabilidade econÃmica. No segundo experimento, um total de 448 codornas com 17 semanas de idade foram pesadas e distribuÃdas em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com sete tratamentos e oito repetiÃÃes de oito aves. Foram testadas uma dieta controle (sem FIAP) e seis dietas contendo 5; 10; 15; 20; 25 e 30% de FIAP. Os crescentes nÃveis de FIAP nÃo influenciaram o coeficiente de digestibilidade dos nutrientes, o aproveitamento da energia das raÃÃes, o consumo, produÃÃo, peso e massa de ovos e os Ãndices de viabilidade econÃmica. Quanto à qualidade dos ovos, observou-se reduÃÃo linear na percentagem de casca, gravidade especÃfica e cor da gema, com o aumento da inclusÃo de FIAP, enquanto o percentual de gema, de albÃmen e unidades Haugh nÃo foram influenciados significativamente. Considerando que o aproveitamento dos nutrientes da raÃÃo e o desempenho das aves alimentadas com atà 30% de inclusÃo do FIAP nÃo foi significativamente inferior ao obtido para o grupo controle, enquanto que as caracterÃsticas de qualidade de casca, apesar de diferirem significativamente dos resultados obtidos com a raÃÃo controle, encontram â se dentro dos valores mÃdios descritos na literatura. Assim, pode-se recomendar a inclusÃo do farelo integral de arroz parboilizado em raÃÃes para codornas japonesas em nÃveis de atà 25% na fase de crescimento e 30% na fase de produÃÃo.
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Orasen, G. "GENOME-WIDE ANALYSIS OF JAPONICA RICE PERFORMANCES UNDER ALTERNATE WETTING AND DRYING AND PERMANENT FLOODING CONDITIONS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/544806.
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A rice GWAS panel of 281 accessions of japonica rice was phenotypically characterized for traits related to phenology, plant and seed morphology, physiology, yield and grain ionome for two years in field conditions under permanent flooding (PF) or AWD. A genome-wide analysis approach uncovered a total of 360 significant marker-trait associations (MTAs), of which 105 were AWD-specific, 178 were PF-specific and 77 were in common between the two water management systems. AWD-specific associations were identified for several agronomic traits including days to maturation, days from flowering to maturation, leaf traits, plant height, panicle and seed traits, hundred grain weight, yield, tillering, mineral nutrient and toxic trace elements level in grains. Significant MTAs were detected across all the 12 rice chromosomes. The analysis of genes annotated in the Nipponbare reference sequence and included in the regions associated to the analyzed traits allowed the identification of several loci known to affect the respective traits. The high number of MTAs identified open new perspectives for the development of functional genomic and breeding strategies.
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秋山, 吉寛, and Yoshihiro B. Akiyama. "Host Fish Species for the Glochidia of Anodonta japonica Inhabiting Drainage Ditches for Rice Cultivation in Hikone City." 日本貝類学会（Malacological Society of Japan）, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/15513.
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Finatto, Taciane. "Análise transcriptômica de genes e LTR retrotransposons em arroz (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica) em resposta à toxidez por ferro." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2064.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-27Iron toxicity in plants is associated with the presence of large concentrations of reduced iron (Fe2+) in the soil solution, which occurs in flooded soils and affects rice plants grown under this condition. Symptoms of iron toxicity involve oxidative stress in leaves, as a response to excessive Fe2+ absorption by the roots. The responses of plants to stress conditions include stimulus perception, signal transduction and gene transcription activation. Besides gene expression, LTR (Long Terminal Repeat) retrotransposons represent ca. 22% of the rice genome, they can be transcriptionally activated under stress, and they can alter the expression of adjacent genes (e.g. due to alterations in chromatin structure). This study aimed to identify differentially expressed genes and LTR retrotransposons in leaves of 18-day-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare) after four days of iron excess exposure. They were identified a differential expression of genes and LTR retrotransposons in rice exposed to iron excess using a microarray approach. Total RNA was extracted from leaves of 18-day-old rice seedlings (Oryza sativa L. ssp japonica cv. Nipponbare) after four days of cultivation in nutrient solution with iron excess (7 mM of FeSO47H2O) and in a control solution. The hybridization was performed with cDNA and rice transposome array v. 2.0 microarray (Roche/NimbleGen technology, an improvement of v.1.0, Picault et al., 2009). Data from gene expression was analyzed by the Bayesian t-test with BH adjustment method. Gene annotation, gene ontology, and LTR retrotransposon identification were performed at RAP-DB (Rice Annotation Project Database, build 5), and microarray results were validated by RT-qPCR. Considering log2 FC (log2-fold-change) ≤ -1 as underexpression and ≥ 1 as overexpression (p-values ≤ 0.05), 44 down-regulated and 1,572 up-regulated genes with described function were identified. Down-regulated genes were related to a wide range of functions and no gene family could be highlighted. Among the up-regulated genes, 166 were transcription factors, the most representative belonging to the Zinc finger RING/FYVE/PHD-type family (22) and WRKY family (19); other genes were from the kinase family, participating in biological processes of protein amino acid phosphorylation (86); had molecular function of iron ion binding (56); were involved in response to oxidative stress (scavenging of reactive oxygen species) (26); had molecular function of transport activity (84), including four genes related to heavy metal transport/detoxification and four genes of the multi antimicrobial extrusion protein MATE family; and were involved in the biological process of apoptosis (14), including 10 genes of NB-ARC. Among the up-regulated genes, 435 present at least one cis-regulatory element responsive to abscisic acid (ABA) with significant occurrence (P≤0.05) in its promoter region (1 kbp upstream of the transcription start site). These data indicate that about 28% of the up-regulated genes can be regulated by changing in the ABA content in leaves in response to iron excess. Regarding expression of LTR retrotransposons, 302 were down-regulated (53 Ty1/Copia, 172 Ty3/Gypsy and 77 unclassified), and 4342 up-regulated (466 Ty1/Copia, 2276 Ty3/Gypsy and 1600 unclassified). They were observed a large activity of LTR retrotransposons in response to iron toxicity, and furthermore, they were verified that LTR retrotransposons transcription can extend to 5' and 3' flanking regions. In addition, 16 situations that should up-regulated LTR retrotransposons are located at a very short distance (smaller than 1000 base pairs) in the same chromosome of up-regulated genes suggesting co-transcription, these occurrences are represented by eight where the LTR retrotransposon and the gene have the same sense of transcription (plus); five occurrences with the both with the same sense of transcription (minus) and one occurrence where they have opposite senses. Additionally, two occurrences that in which both, DNA sequences of up-regulated retrotransposon and gene, are overlapped and have the same sense of transcription.
A toxidez por ferro em plantas está associada com a presença de grandes concentrações de ferro (Fe) reduzido (Fe2+) na solução do solo, esta condição pode ocorrer em solos irrigados por inundação. Os sintomas de toxidez por ferro incluem estresse oxidativo nas folhas como resultado do excesso de Fe2+ absorvido pelas raízes, resultando em perdas na produtividade. As respostas das plantas às condições de estresse envolvem a percepção dos estímulos, transdução de sinais e ativação da transcrição gênica. Além da expressão gênica, os LTR retrotransposons (Long Terminal Repeat Retrotransposons) que respresentam cerca de 20% do genoma do arroz, podem ser transcricionalmente ativados em condições de estresse e desta forma, influenciar a expressão de genes adjacentes (por exemplo devido a alterações na estrutura da cromatina). Este estudo teve por objetivo identificar genes e LTR retrotransposons diferencialmente expressos em plântulas de arroz (Oryza sativa ssp. japonica cv. Nipponbare), após quatro dias de exposição ao excesso de ferro em solução nutritiva. A expressão diferencial de genes e LTR retrotransposons foi analisada utilizando a técnica de microarranjo e sua validação foi realizada por meio de RT-qPCR. O RNA total foi extraído de folhas de plântulas de arroz cv. Nipponbare, após quatro dias de cultivo em solução nutritiva adicionada de ferro na concentração de 7 mM (FeSO47H2O) (presença de toxidez) e a condição controle com presença de ferro na concentração de 10 μM. O cDNA fita dupla foi sintetitizado a partir do RNA mensageiro. A hibridização foi realizada entre o cDNA das duas condições em triplicatas biológicas e o microarranjo Rice Transposome Array v. 2.0 (Roche/NimbleGen technology, an improvement of v.1.0, Picault et al., 2009). Os valores de intensidade de cada spot foram normalizados, transformados e comparados pelo teste T Bayesiano. A identificação dos genes e LTR retrotransposons foi realizada de acordo com o banco de dados RAP-DB (Rice Annotation Project Database, build 5). Considerando log2 FC (log2-fold-change) ≤ -1 como subexpressão e ≥ 1 como superexpressão e P≤ 0.05 para ambas condições. Foram identificados 44 genes subexpressos e 1.572 superexpressos com funções descritas. Os genes subexpressos desempenham a uma vasta gama de funções. Entre elas destacam-se: 166 genes que são fatores de transcrição, sendo que os mais representativos pertencem à família Zinc finger RING/FYVE/PHD-type family (22 genes) e WRKY (19 genes); outros genes da família das cinases que participam também da sinalização celular em processos biológicos de fosforilação de aminoácidos nas proteínas (86 genes); outros genes com função molecular de ligação ao íon ferro (56 genes); 26 genes envolvidos na resposta ao estresse oxidativo (scavengers de espécies reativas de oxigênio); 84 genes com função molecular de transporte, incluindo quatro genes relacionados ao transporte e detoxificação de metais pesados e quatro genes da família MATE; 14 genes envolvidos em apoptose, incluindo 10 genes NB-ARC. Entre os genes superexpressos, 435 apresentam pelo menos um elemento regulatório de ação cis responsivo ao ácido abscisico (ABA) com ocorrência significativa (P≤0,05) em sua região promotora (1 kbp a montante do sítio de início da transcrição). Estes dados indicam que cerca de 28% dos genes superexpressos podem ser regulados pelas alterações no conteúdo de ABA nas folhas, em resposta ao estresse por excesso de ferro. Considerando a expressão do LTR retrotransposons, 302 apresentaram subexpressão (53 Ty1/Copia, 172 Ty3/Gypsy e 77 não classificados), e 4.342 apresentaram superexpressão (466 Ty1/Copia, 2276 Ty3/Gypsy e 1600 não classificados). Foi constatada grande atividade transcricional dos LTR retrotransposons em resposta à toxidez por ferro, sendo que a transcrição dos LTR retrotransposons pode se estender às suas regiões flanqueadoras 5 e 3 , além disso foram encontradas 16 ocorrencias em que o LTR retrotransposon e o gene superexpresso estão localizados a uma distância menor do que 1000 pares de bases no mesmo cromossomo, sugerindo co-transcrição entre ambos. Entre as 16 ocorrências, oito em que o LTR retrotransposon e o gene apresentam o mesmo sentido de transcrição (plus); cinco ocorrências com mesmo sentido de transcrição (minus) e uma ocorrência onde LTR retrotrotransposon e gene apresentam sentidos de transcrição opostos. Foram observadas ainda, duas ocorrências em que as sequencias de DNA do LTR retrotransposon e do gene superexpressos estão sobrepostas, e apresentam o mesmo sentido de transcrição.
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Conti, Daniela de. "Caracterização anatômico-fisiológica e molecular da compatibilidade reprodutiva de ameixeiras japonesa." Universidade Federal de Pelotas, 2012. http://repositorio.ufpel.edu.br/handle/ri/2054.
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Previous issue date: 2012-02-15The Japanese plum (Prunus salicina Lindl.) is a fruit of great prominence worldwide. In Brazil, one of the most widely cultivated species of plum, because it presents climatic conditions favorable to its cultivation. However, some factors limit the increase in domestic production of plum trees, among them stands out the gametophytic self-incompatibility, due to the presence of a multiallelic codominant locus, containing the so-called S-alleles. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify physiologically and molecularly S-alleles of Japanese plum cultivars related to gametophytic self-incompatibility. For physiological characterization were carried out controlled pollination experiments in the experimental field of Embrapa, Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS) and the pollination in vivo in laboratory, three cultivars of Japanese plum (América, Gulf Rubi and Gulf Blaze) which were evaluated fruit set and pollen tube growth (CTP), respectively. For molecular characterization, experiments were performed in the Laboratory of Plant Tissue Culture and Molecular Characterization, (UFPel / RS). To this end, we analyzed 19 Japanese plum cultivars by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) with two pairs of specific primers for amplification of S-alleles. Crossings 'Gulf Blaze' x Gulf Rubi' Gulf Rubi x 'Gulf Rubi' and 'Gulf Rubi' x 'Gulf Blaze' had a fruit set of 11.36%, 3.84% and 9.94% respectively. In vivo pollination CTP reached the egg or ovarian in these crosses, with the exception of self-pollination of 'Gulf Rubi'. There was no fruit set in the field, self-pollination in 'América' and 'Gulf Blaze' and crossing 'América x' Pluma 7 '. The CTP in these crosses did not reach the egg, with the exception of self-pollination of 'Gulf Blaze'. Only the cross between 'América' x 'Pluma 7' are incompatible, and America is a self-incompatible cultivar. In amplification of S-alleles was possible to obtain the effective characterization of alleles-S of cultivars studies, as well as, the choice of pollinating more compatible with the cultivars producing. The cultivars América and Santa Rosa; Blood Plum, Wickson, Rosa Mineira, Estrela Púrpura and Planta 21 showed incompatibility between them.
A ameixeira japonesa (Prunus salicina Lindl.) é uma frutífera de grande destaque mundialmente. No Brasil, é a espécie de ameixeira mais cultivada, pois apresenta grande número de cultivares adaptadas as diferentes condições climáticas das regiões onde é cultivada. Porém, alguns fatores limitam o aumento da produção nacional de ameixeiras, entre eles destaca-se a autoincompatibilidade gametofítica, devido à presença de um loco multialélico, contendo os denominados alelos-S. Diante disso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi identificar fisiologicamente e molecularmente os alelos-S de cultivares de ameixeira japonesa relacionados à autoincompatibilidade gametofítica. Para a caracterização fisiológica, realizaram-se experimentos de polinização controlada no campo experimental da Embrapa Clima Temperado (Pelotas/RS) e polinização in vivo, em laboratório, de três cultivares de ameixeira japonesa (América, Gulf Blaze e Gulf Rubi) onde foram avaliados a frutificação efetiva e o crescimento do tubo polínico (CTP), respectivamente. Para a caracterização molecular, os experimentos foram realizados no Laboratório de Cultura de Tecidos de Plantas Caracterização Molecular, (UFPEL/RS). Para tal fim, foram analisadas 19 cultivares de ameixeira japonesa, por meio de Reação em Cadeia da Polimerase (PCR) com dois pares de primers específicos para amplificação de alelos-S. Nos estudos de compatibilidade reprodutiva, a cv. América apresentou alto fruit set quando polinizada com as cvs. Rosa Mineira (26,7%), Amarelinha (8,7%) e Reubennel (12,7%). Os cruzamentos Gulf Blaze x Gulf Rubi , Gulf Rubi x Gulf Rubi e Gulf Rubi x Gulf Blaze obtiveram um fruit set de 11,36%, 3,84% e 9,94%, respectivamente. Na polinização in vivo o CTP atingiu o óvulo ou ovário nesses cruzamentos, com exceção da autopolinização da Gulf Rubi . Não houve frutificação efetiva, no campo, na autopolinização América e Gulf Blaze e no cruzamento América x Pluma 7 . O CTP nesses cruzamentos não chegou a atingir o óvulo, com exceção da autopolinização da Gulf Blaze . Apenas os cruzamentos América x Pluma 7 são incompatíveis e a cultivar América é autoincompatível. Na amplificação de alelos-S, foi possível obter a efetiva caracterização de alelos-S das cultivares estudadas, bem como, a escolha das polinizadoras mais compatíveis com as cultivares produtoras. Verificou-se que as cultivares América e Santa Rosa; Blood Plum, Wickson, Rosa Mineira, Estrela Púrpura e Planta 21, apresentaram incompatibilidade entre si.
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Lu, Chuangen. "Survey and Application of Segregation-Distortion-Neutral Alleles to Improve Pollen Fertility in indica-japonica Hybrid Rice Breeding (Oryza sativa L.)." Kyoto University, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181072.
Full textBooks on the topic "Japonica ric"
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Sogawa, Kazushige. Chūgoku kōtō to sejirounka: Whitebacked planthopper in Chinese japonica rice. Tsukuba-shi: Kokusai Nōrin Suisangyō Kenkyū Sentā, 2007.
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Chūgoku kome sangyō no kōzō to henka: Japonika-mai shijō no kakudai. Kyōto-shi: Shōwadō, 2012.
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Gunji, Sadanori. Japonika gemu: Kome, shinjidai e. Shogakkan, 1994.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Japonica ric"
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Main, Marcy, Bronwyn Frame, and Kan Wang. "Rice, Japonica (Oryza sativa L.)." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 169–80. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-1695-5_13.
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Banakar, Raviraj, and Kan Wang. "Biolistic Transformation of Japonica Rice Varieties." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 163–76. New York, NY: Springer US, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-0356-7_8.
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Chung, G. S., and M. H. Heu. "Improvement of Tongil-Type Rice Cultivars from Indica/Japonica Hybridization in Korea." In Rice, 105–12. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-83986-3_9.
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Ouyang, Yidan. "Reproductive Isolation Between indica and japonica Subspecies." In Genetics and Genomics of Rice, 317–28. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-7903-1_21.
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Samantaray, Sanghamitra, Jauhar Ali, Katrina L. C. Nicolas, Jawahar Lal Katara, Ram Lakhan Verma, C. Parameswaran, B. N. Devanna, Awadhesh Kumar, Byomkesh Dash, and Sudhansu Sekhar Bhuyan. "Doubled Haploids in Rice Improvement: Approaches, Applications, and Future Prospects." In Rice Improvement, 425–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66530-2_12.
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AbstractExploitation of biotechnological tools in conventional breeding strategies is the need of the hour for overcoming limitations in rice production and productivity. In addition, improvement in quantity and quality along with resistance to climatic and disease stress in rice require immediate attention. Anther culture has proven its efficiency by instantaneously fixing homozygosity through diploidization of regenerated haploid plants. Therefore, androgenesis provides an efficient platform for developing inbred lines in a short period of time. Although anther culture shows its efficiency in speeding up breeding in several crop species, including rice, associated limitations still prevent the exploitation of its optimum potential. Although anther culture is well exploited in japonica rice breeding, its application in indica rice is limited because of inherent recalcitrant genetic backgrounds. The success of anther culture is determined by several factors that limit the efficiency of androgenesis. Identified constraints are early anther necrosis, poor-callus response, and proliferation, and low green-plant regeneration, along with the most frustrating albinism associated with indica rice, which has been considerably clarified. This chapter details the method of androgenesis and scope for improving the applicability of anther culture producing doubled haploids of rice in order to use it as a complementary tool for precision breeding.
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Wang, Ruhua, Na Yan, Xueyan Gao, Jie Yu, Fang Wang, and Zetian Hua. "Inheritance Analysis for Exserted Stigma Rate in Japonica Rice." In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 3–9. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-46318-5_1.
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d’Hooghvorst, Isidre, Irene Ferreres, and Salvador Nogués. "Anther Culture and Chromosome Doubling in Mediterranean Japonica Rice." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 333–41. New York, NY: Springer US, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-0716-1315-3_19.
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Shen, Y., H. Adreit, Xd Zhu, J. Milazzo, Hq Chen, and D. Tharreau. "Resistance of Some Chinese Hybrid Rice, Conventional Early Indica and Late Japonica Rice to Magnaporthe Grisea." In Rice Blast: Interaction with Rice and Control, 241–50. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-306-48582-4_29.
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Buchholz, Wallace G., Weimin Teng, Delphia Wallace, John R. Ambler, and Timothy C. Hall. "Production of Transgenic Rice (Oryza sativa subspecies japonica cv. Taipei 309)." In Plant Virology Protocols, 383–96. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/0-89603-385-6:383.
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Soh, Chang Ho, and Yong Woong Kwon. "Temperature-Response of Photosynthesis, Respiration, CO2 Balance and Growth in High-Yielding Japonica and Indica x Japonica Rice Cultivars at Young Stage." In Research in Photosynthesis, 461–64. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0383-8_104.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Japonica ric"
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Abo-Youssef, Mahmoud I. "CURRENT STATUS FOR RICE PRODUCTION OF JAPONICA TYPE VARIETIES IN EGYPT." In «Breeding, seed production, cultivation technology and processing of agricultural crops». Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2021-362-363.
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Uhrinova, Anna, Lucia Ungvarska Malucka, and Martin Pavlik. "MEDICINAL FUNGI OF THE GENERA OPHIOCORDYCEPS SINENSIS AND PAECILOMYCES HEPIALI." In 22nd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2022. STEF92 Technology, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2022/6.1/s25.12.
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Various secondary metabolites isolated from Ophiocordyceps sinensis, the Chinese caterpillar fungus, have been reported to possess high therapeutic potential. Paecilomyces hepiali has even more biologically important chemical components with interesting pharmacological activity. Traditional Chinese medicine uses Ophiocordyceps sinensis to treat lung and respiratory system problems, hyposexuality, hypolipidemia kidney, or liver, heart, and immune system conditions. In addition, it has been used to treat various forms of cancer, especially in addition to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The objective of the present study was to determine the antioxidant activity of metabolites isolated from medicinal fungi of the genera Ophiocordyceps sinensis and Paecilomyces hepiali cultivated on two types of rice (Oryza sativa var. indica and Oryza sativa var. japonica). Antioxidant activity was determined by applying the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging method to alcoholic extracts of O. sinensis and P. hepiali strains. Samples were prepared using reflux extractions. Refluxing produced the highest extraction yield. The highest extraction yield was achieved for the O. sinensis (4OS, 9.86 %) sample grown on Oryza sativa var. japonica. The highest scavenging ability for the stable 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical was observed for the extract of Paecilomyces hepiali cultivated on Oryza sativa var. japonica (Sample 5PH: IC50DPPH 3.03 mg/mL). The chemical structure of the alcohol extracts was determined by NMR spectroscopy. Unsaturated fatty acids (Z-oleic acid, linoleic acid and D-mannitol) were identified as the major components of the extracts.
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Shuaipeng Zhao, Qunce Huang, Qiuxia Liang, and Xueneng Chen. "Physiological response of japonica rice to different time gradient treatment of colchicines." In 2011 International Conference on Remote Sensing, Environment and Transportation Engineering (RSETE). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/rsete.2011.5965971.
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Liu, Xia, Xihong Li, and Guiming Lei. "Storage Effects on Total Phenolics, Antioxidant Capacity in Indica-Japonica Genotype Rice Grain." In 2010 4th International Conference on Bioinformatics and Biomedical Engineering (iCBBE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbbe.2010.5516717.
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Xie, Shiyao, Xianfeng Guo, Yuexin Zheng, Jing Qu, and Lujiao Zhang. "Study on technology model of water-saving and high-yield cultivation of japonica rice in Heilongjiang province." In Proceedings of the 2018 7th International Conference on Sustainable Energy and Environment Engineering (ICSEEE 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icseee-18.2019.47.
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Yang, Chun-Yao, and Tony J. Fang. "Improvement of Xylooligosaccharides Production and Lignocellulolytic Enzyme Activity by Aspergillus Japonicus in Rice Hull through Ultrasonic Technology." In 14th Asia Pacific Confederation of Chemical Engineering Congress. Singapore: Research Publishing Services, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3850/978-981-07-1445-1_363.
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Li, J. Z., and E. C.-Y. Lian. "MECHANISMS OF PLATELET AGGREGATION BY ACIDIC MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDE EXTRACTED FROM STICHOPUS JAPONICUS SELENKA IN HUMANS AND RABBITS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644546.
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It has been reported that acidic mucopolysaccharide extracted from sea cucumber (Stichopus japonicus selenka) (SJAMP) induced the aggregation of human and animal platelets by an unknown mechanism, using platelet-rich plasma (prp) and washed human and rabbit platelets we studied the effects of storage, platelet inhibitors, and various plasmas and their fractions on SJAMP-induced platelet aggregation. we found that the lowest concentrations of SJAMP required for aggregation of human and rabbit platelets were 0.4 and 2 ug/ml respectively. The reactivity of human platelets to SJAMP decreased with time after drawing of blood; rabbit platelets did not show this phenomenon. Platelet inhibitors such as aspirin, indomethacin, apyrase, antimycin, 2-deoxy-D-glucose, and EDTA inhibited by 50 to 100% the aggregation of human platelets induced by SJAMP; but these inhibitors had no effect on SJAMP-induced aggregation of rabbit platelets. Washed human and rabbit platelets were not aggregated by SJAMP. The aggregation of washed human platelets by SJAMP was restored completely by human or rabbit plasma, by human fibrinogen, or by 0 to 30% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction but not by serum. The aggregation of rabbit platelets by SJAMP could only be restored by rabbit plasma or serum, or by 50 to 60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction. The data indicate that the mechanisms of aggregation of human and rabbit platelets by SJAMP are different. THe SJAMP-induced human platelet aggregation is dependent upon metabolism, release of ADP and the cyclooxygenase pathway requiring fibrinogen and Ca++. The aggregation of rabbit platelets induced by SJAMP is independent of metabolism, release of ADP and cyclooxygenase pathway, and does not require fibrinogen and Ca++, but needs certain protein(s) in the 50 to 60% saturated ammonium sulfate fraction of rabbit plasma.
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Elias, Larissa, and Maria Luisa Garrido. "A concepção de “escultura-moda” no figurino de Rei Kawakubo para a coreografia “Cenário” (1997)." In LINK 2021. Tuwhera Open Access, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/link2021.v2i1.118.g187.
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A “escultura-moda“, de Rei Kawakubo, é um projeto de mestrado em andamento, desenvolvido no Programa de Pós-Graduação em Design Visual da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro. A pesquisa está centrada no estudo dos trajes (e sua relação com os movimentos e espacialidade) elaborados pela estilista japonesa Rei Kawakubo para a performance de dança “Scenario” (1997), do bailarino e coreógrafo americano Merce Cunningham (1919-2009). Os figurinos foram adaptados da coleção primavera-verão “Corpo encontra vestido, vestido encontra corpo”, desenhada por Rei e lançada por sua marca Comme des Garçons em 1997. Rei Kawakubo é apontada como uma das mais importantes estilistas conceituais da moda contemporânea. Visionária, vanguardista, atemporal, são alguns dos adjetivos que lhe são atribuídos. Seu trabalho também é chamado de antimoda. Por meio de uma série de desconstruções visuais, suas criações abordam — direta ou indiretamente — temas como feminismo e identidade de gênero. A coleção “Corpo encontra vestido, vestido encontra corpo” e os figurinos de “Scenario” investem em uma estética que explora possibilidades inusitadas de relações entre corpo e vestido; uma estética que visa deformar as formas. Em jogo, ideias que problematizam os contornos e movimentos convencionais do corpo: volumes desproporcionais, desalinhamentos de silhuetas, inversões de perspectiva, assimetrias, automatismo, indefinição das fronteiras entre corpo e vestido, vestido como objeto. É nesta arena que nasce a sugestão da noção de “escultura-moda”. Uma noção que se pretende formular a partir da obra e para a compreensão da obra. Propõe-se, neste sentido, uma aproximação com a concepção de escultura trabalhada por Deleuze e Guattari no ensaio “Percepção, afeto e conceito”; com o conceito de “über-marionette” de Gordon Craig; e com o conceito de “grotesco”, baseado nas considerações de Mikhail Bakhtin. Os figurinos da performance de dança “Scenario” — objeto deste estudo, em que os aspectos destacados podem ser observados exemplarmente — são uma forte expressão da ideia de “escultura-moda”. Nesta comunicação, serão apresentados fragmentos da seção final do espetáculo. Neles, pode-se perceber que o alinhamento dos bailarinos, em pares ou trios, reconfigura no espaço o volume composto por corpo e vestido. As roupas criadas por Kawakubo para a Coleção propunham o redesenho do corpo. Essa proposta se radicaliza na coreografia: com o movimento do body-dress ambientado no espaço, distorções e ambiguidades se intensificam. A teatralidade é introduzida e composições esculturais dramáticas são formadas. Com o jogo teatral, a função objeto da vestimenta também é evidenciada.