Dissertations / Theses: 'Japanese linguistics'

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Omar, Shalina. "Being Japanese in English: The Social and Functional Role of English Loanwords in Japanese." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2015. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/scripps_theses/620.

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This thesis investigates native speaker attitudes towards English loanwords in Japanese and the ways in which these loanwords are used. The imperialism and hegemony of English can often cause anger or worry for the preservation of the cultural identity of the borrowing language. However, the results from a 9-page sociolinguistic questionnaire suggest that English loanwords are overwhelmingly seen as useful and necessary and are generally associated with positive attitudes. Additionally, many native Japanese speakers feel that loanwords provide more options for expression, both functionally and as a possible pragmatic tool for performing Japaneseness. On the other hand, overuse of loanwords—especially less common ones—can also exemplify the power imbalance between Japanese and the powerful and hegemonic English. The study also revealed how powerful the Japanese linguistic systems are at assimilating English into the Japanese language. With established and institutionally supported phonological and orthographic conventions in place, foreign-derived vocabulary can easily become nativized, assimilated, and considered to be Japanese in the minds of speakers.

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Pimentel, Carlos L. "Pronominal Interpretations in L2 Japanese." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1398785203.

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Morishima, Yoshiko. "Conversational code-switching among Japanese-English bilinguals who have Japanese background." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 1999. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1256.

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The aim of this study is to investigate the code-switching of native speakers of Japanese in an English-speaking context. The languages involved in code-switching therefore are English and Japanese. This is an instance of communication in the participants' first language, in a setting where the speakers' second language is dominant. The research focused on a sample of twelve Japanese people. These participants were born in Japan, and their parents' native language is Japanese. Even though the length of time each has spent in residence in an English-speaking country varies, the minimum is two years. Further, all have previously studied English, for at least six years, during the high school period in Japan, and are regular users of English. These participants were separated into six pairs of two age groups. The first was 20-30 years, the second was 40-60 years. Their informal conversation was recorded and transcribed for analysis. Moreover, a sociolinguistic interview was carried out in order to uncover the participants' intentions or strategies, (based primarily on their own interpretations), with regard to code-switching. Despite a large number of loan words in the Japanese language (most deriving from English), and the prestigious status which the English language holds, Japanese people within Japanese society, tend to hold a negative attitude towards code-switching in conversational circumstances. In this study, however, code-switching was found to be a significant choice in the speakers' linguistic repertoire (in the English-speaking context) for informal interactions with their friends. Although there was some degree of constraints on the speakers' linguistic choices, primarily attributable to a particular topic and attitudes towards code-switching, the speakers demonstrated their ability to make a linguistic choice according to their intentions/strategies. Moreover, this study attempted to expose the linguistic features of English/Japanese code-switching. The type of code-switching which was most frequently used amongst the participants was intrasentential code-switching (which occurs within the same sentence). Specifically, singly occurring intrasentential code-switching was the most common amongst the speakers. It was found that the Japanese language played a dominant role in producing this type of code-switching. On the other hand, well-formed English phrases were also produced in intrasentential code-switching when there is a semantic/ pragmatic mismatch between the two languages.

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Yoshimura, Kyoko. "Empty categories and focus in Japanese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/186355.

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This dissertation investigates how subject and object empty categories (ECs) in Japanese behave with respect to anaphoric construal in the focus construction, and how their interpretive behavior can elucidate the syntactic identity of ECs. The thesis also presents discussion of the syntactic and semantic behaviors of the following three constructions: (i) the behavior of the focused phrases themselves; (ii) the behavior of the reciprocal expressions; and (iii) the behavior of another focus construction, pseudo-clefts (PCs), in Japanese. As for (i), we explore the differences between association-with-focus (AWF) and in-construction-focus (ICF), based on island effects, and conclude that the former, but not the latter, is subject to Quantifier Raising. This follows from Chomsky's (1991, 1992) economy principle which prohibits unnecessary movement. In the case of (ii), the Japanese reciprocal expressions with otagai (each other) and sorezore (each), a nonmovement analysis such as Heim, Lasnik and May's (HLM's; 1991b) is found more desirable than a movement analysis as in HLM (1991a), though there is still a problem, i.e. the interpretation of ECs in the sentences with the interaction of reciprocals and focus. And for (iii), we argue that there are two types of PCs, ga-PCs and wa-PCs, based on semantic differences and movement effects. The construal of ECs in the AWF construction, the ICF construction, and PCs exhibits some subject/object asymmetries with respect to the bound variable (BV) reading vs. the referential reading, i.e. while a subject EC allows something like a combined reading of the BV reading and the referential reading, an object EC does not allow the BV reading. We discuss the two analyses of the syntactic identity of ECs, one by Hasegawa (1984/85, 1988) and the other by Hoji (1985), neither of which gives a full account of the data given, and conclude that a subject EC can be some kind of pronominal but not an object EC.

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Yamamoto, Ryosuke. "Crosslinguistic Influence of Loanwords on Japanese Particle Processing| Evidence from Japanese Language Learners." Thesis, Purdue University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10808151.

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Studies have proposed that the spreading activation (SA) theory (Colins, & Loftus, 1975) can explain the nature of L1 and L2 predictive sentence processing (e.g., Kaan, 2014). Research on processing in L2 English has found that word information triggers learners' semantically-driven predictive sentence processing (e.g., Hopp, 2015); however, to the best of my knowledge, few studies have been conducted in L2 Japanese. Additionally, what triggers L2 predictive sentence processing is yet to be fully discovered. Research has demonstrated that L1 English learners of Japanese as a foreign language (JFL) show cognate-like effects when English-based loanwords are used as primes in a cross-linguistic priming experiment if these loanwords retain their original English phonology and semantics (e.g., Allen, & Conklin, 2013), which suggests the existence of inter-lingual SA effects when learners process these loanwords. The purpose of the present study is to investigate whether SA effects induced by a loanword in a sentence can also facilitate learners' predictive sentence processing.

The present study investigated whether a loanword embedded in a sentence facilitates JFL learners' syntactic prediction. Twenty-six L1 English learners of JFL and eight native Japanese speakers participated in the study. In the experiment, they were presented with 20 fillers and 32 Japanese right-dislocated sentences ending with a noun followed by a postpositional particle. Among these 32 sentences, half of them had a loanword preceding a particle, whereas the other half had a non-loanword preceding a particle. At the end of each sentence, the subjects were asked to make an acceptability judgment, and reaction time (RT) was recorded for statistical analysis.

The results indicated that loanwords had a statistically significant facilitative influence on predicting their adjacent postpositional particle in sentences. This was especially true for the locative particle ni and the comitative particle to. Although the loanword-induced cross-linguistic SA effects on particle processing were inhomogeneous, the study sufficiently supported the hypothesis that loanwords can facilitate learners' predictive processing of subsequent particles, simultaneously providing evidence for the existence of SA effects in L2-Japanese sentence processing.

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Aizu, Yoriko. "Japanese reflexive zibun and reflexivity theory." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/9081.

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This thesis explores the reflexivity approach to zibun-binding. The paradoxical nature of zibun as an anaphor and a pronominal has invited much debate, and the status of zibun is still an unsolved subject in the framework of a standard binding theory proposed by Chomsky (1981). A reflexivity analysis proposed by Reinhart and Reuland's gives a satisfactory account of the Japanese reflexive zibun and its binding behavior. Under their analysis, zibun is categorized as a SE anaphor. The reflexivity refers to the function of marking two arguments of a verb as coreferential. When verbs are reflexive-marked, two arguments are coreferential. Then anti-locality of zibun can be explained with different verb types: one type is verbs which are intrinsically reflexive and the other is verbs which are not reflexive-marked.

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Hiranuma, So. "The syntactic difficulty of Japanese sentences." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.268461.

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Nakano, Yoko. "Antecendent reactivation in Japanese scrambling constructions." Thesis, University of Essex, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.275863.

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Sadler, Misumi. "Deconstructing the Japanese "dative subject" construction." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280202.

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This dissertation examines one of the most widely observed grammatical phenomena in a number of languages, the dative subject construction (e.g. John-ni nihongo-ga hanaseru 'John can speak Japanese/it is possible for John to speak Japanese'). The greatest controversy surrounding the Japanese dative subject construction concerns the grammatical status of the nouns (i.e. the ni-marked first NP, John, and the ga-marked second NP, Japanese) in this construction. A number of different linguistic traditions including generative grammar, functionalism and the kokugogaku ('the study of the national language') tradition have examined this phenomenon, and a number of hypotheses have been advanced. However, no comprehensive studies on the phenomenon have yet been done with naturally occurring conversation as the primary source of data. Also very little attention has been paid to the questions of how this construction appeared/developed diachronically. In utilizing pre-modern and modern Japanese discourse data, this dissertation aims to accomplish three goals. The initial objective is to provide evidence that the dative subject construction is, in fact, rarely found in naturally occurring conversation, and the patterns observed in actual discourse are significantly different from those examples found in prior linguistic literature. The second goal is to demonstrate how the occurrences of this construction are similar and/or different depending on discourse types (i.e. spoken language vs. written language; narrative portion vs. conversational portion). The final goal is to offer an alternative to the past approaches. In opposition to the standard account that the Japanese dative subject construction is related to a transitive clause, the NP1-ga NP 2-ga pattern, based on my diachronic and synchronic analysis, I propose that the dative subject construction may have emerged from the existential/locational construction via the metonymic use of ni, which marked a locative-like NP for defocusing its agentivity to avoid the explicit mention of an individual worthy of respect. In view of the results presented in this dissertation, instead of talking of its grammatical status, the so-called "dative subject" ni in modern Japanese discourse may be better characterized in terms of its discourse-pragmatic functions, which derived from its locative nature.

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Francis-Ratte, Alexander Takenobu. "Proto-Korean-Japanese: A New Reconstruction of the Common Origin of the Japanese and Korean Languages." The Ohio State University, 2016. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1460644060.

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Tsuruta, Yoko. "Politeness, the Japanese style : an investigation into the use of honorific forms and people's attitudes towards such use." Thesis, University of Bedfordshire, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10547/321784.

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The main purpose of the thesis is to explore the characteristics of politeness which are conveyed by the use of Japanese honorific forms (i.e honorific politeness). The perspective of the research is as follows: 1) the concept of politeness is regarded as being wider in scope than in major past studies of linguistic politeness in the West (e.g Leech 1983); 2) unlike many past studies of politeness related to Japanese honorific fonns, the research attempts to study the social effect of the use of an honorific form rather than the grammatical or semantic properties of such forms; 3) the analysis of honorific politeness is based on the findings about the mechanism by which honorific politeness mitigates discomfitlrre, and on the metalinguistic evaluations of honorific forms made by native speakers. Results from a questionnaire, which investigated the types of discomfiture which result from various kinds of inappropriate linguistic behaviom, suggested that the lise of an honorific form can mitigate two main types of discomfitme, which differ in degree of seriousness, depending on the social features of the situation in which the use occms. It is pointed out that the mitigation of either type of discomfiture should be regarded as flowing from a common type of linguistic choice, that is, compliance with a social nom1 goveming the appropriate use oflanguage in different kinds of communication situations, i.e. register rules. Furthermore, based on observations of the use of linguistic forms other than honorific ones, it is argued that honorific forms are one of many linguistic devices for realizing register differences, i.e. register markers. Results from the other questionnaire, which probed native speaker's evaluation of different types of language use for the communication of politeness, indicate that native speakers tend to place special aesthetic value on honorific forms and their use, independently of the seriousness of the discomfiture they can mitigate. Based on an analysis of the background to this tendency, it is argued that the value can be appropriately regarded as sharing many properties with the value which language users place on a certain part of register markers in a diglossic conmmunity. It is thus concluded that honorific politeness is a form of diglossia.

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Ngo, Nancy T. "Accessing the semantics of Japanese numeral classifiers." Thesis, California State University, Long Beach, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1586876.

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For learners of Japanese, the semantics associated with numeral classifiers are non-transparent and often a source of difficulty in language acquisition. To better understand the accessibility of the semantics governing numeral classification and the metacognitive processes involved, this study examined acquisition of Japanese numeral classifiers in second language learning. Native speakers (N=48) and second language learners of Japanese (N=41) were presented with images of 20 items and asked to provide an appropriate classifier and explain their rationale. Items consisted of familiar and less familiar items in order to determine the role of frequency. That is, unfamiliar objects would rule out a reliance on previous exposure to the object while inducing participants to draw on semantic features or to supply a default counter. Results revealed that (1) non-native speakers defaulted to the most general inanimate classifier, and (2) when semantics were drawn upon, features of shape were the most salient, while size and function lacked semantic accessibility.

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Yoshida, YuÌ„ko. "On pitch accent phenomena in standard Japanese." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295123.

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Cardinal, Kumi. "An algebraic study of Japanese grammar /." Thesis, McGill University, 2002. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=29419.

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I present an algebraic language model for Japanese within the framework of a type grammar. The analysis pays attention to both inflectional morphology and to syntax. The mathematics for checking the sentencehood of strings of words invokes a generalization of the notorious group concept.

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Abe, Mariko. "Syntactic variation across proficiency levels in Japanese EFL learner speech." Diss., Temple University Libraries, 2015. http://cdm16002.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p245801coll10/id/350754.

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Teaching & Learning
Ed.D.
Overall patterns of language use variation across oral proficiency levels of 1,243 Japanese EFL learners and 20 native speakers of English using the linguistic features set from Biber (1988) were investigated in this study. The approach combined learner corpora, language processing techniques, visual inspection of descriptive statistics, and multivariate statistical analysis to identify characteristics of learner language use. The largest spoken learner corpus in Japan, the National Institute of Information and Communications Technology Japanese Learner English (NICT JLE) Corpus was used for the analysis. It consists of over one million running words of L2 spoken English with oral proficiency level information. The level of the material in the corpus is approximately equal to a Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) range of 356 to 921. It also includes data gathered from 20 native speakers who performed identical speaking tasks as the learners. The 58 linguistic features (e.g., grammatical features) were taken from the original list of 67 linguistic features in Biber (1988) to explore the variation of learner language. The following research questions were addressed. First, what linguistic features characterize different oral proficiency levels? Second, to what degree do the language features appearing in the spoken production of high proficiency learners match those of native speakers who perform the same task? Third, is the oral production of Japanese EFL learners rich enough to display the full range of features used by Biber? Grammatical features alone would not be enough to comprehensively distinguish oral proficiency levels, but the results of the study show that various types of grammatical features can be used to describe differences in the levels. First, frequency change patterns (i.e., a rising, a falling, a combination of rising, falling, and a plateauing) across the oral proficiency levels were shown through linguistic features from a wide range of categories: (a) part-of-speech (noun, pronoun it, first person pronoun, demonstrative pronoun, indefinite pronoun, possibility modal, adverb, causative adverb), (b) stance markers (emphatic, hedge, amplifier), (c) reduced forms (contraction, stranded preposition), (d) specialized verb class (private verb), complementation (infinitive), (e) coordination (phrasal coordination), (f) passive (agentless passive), and (g) possibly tense and aspect markers (past tense, perfect aspect). In addition, there is a noticeable gap between native and non-native speakers of English. There are six items that native speakers of English use more frequently than the most advanced learners (perfect aspect, place adverb, pronoun it, stranded preposition, synthetic negation, emphatic) and five items that native speakers use less frequently (past tense, first person pronoun, infinitive, possibility modal, analytic negation). Other linguistic features are used with similar frequency across the levels. What is clear is that the speaking tasks and the time allowed for provided ample opportunity for most of Biber’s features to be used across the levels. The results of this study show that various linguistic features can be used to distinguish different oral proficiency levels, and to distinguish the oral language use of native and non-native speakers of English.
Temple University--Theses

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Trott, Daniel. "Tense and aspect in Old Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:127733e2-fc21-460f-afab-f19f6d4b373a.

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This thesis analyses the nine main tense–aspect constructions in Old Japanese in more detail than ever before, exploiting the research possibilities created by the Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese. The commitment to close textual reading and the interpretation of examples in context that is characteristic of traditional Japanese scholarship is combined with a determination to explain the distributional data revealed by the Corpus. Large samples are used to produce quantitative semantic analyses, allowing a new perspective on multifunctional constructions from both synchronic and diachronic perspectives. All findings are placed within the wider perspective of cross-linguistic studies of tense and aspect, an approach often missing in Old Japanese scholarship. This thesis is the most comprehensive analysis of Old Japanese tense and aspect to date. Some traditional conclusions are challenged, and light is shed on many previously unexplained phenomena. Resultative constructions are discovered to be even more pervasive in Japanese than previously thought, with at least five of the nine con-structions I look at hypothesized to have begun as resultative constructions. In most cases these constructions have broadened to also denote ongoing activities, another characteristic of Japanese. This thesis thereby contributes to the cross-linguistic understanding of resultative constructions, and to the question of the validity and nature of the distinction between activities and states. It also shows the potential of an exemplar-based model of linguistic storage, which is seen to be a powerful tool for explaining both the multifunctionality of grammatical constructions and semantic change.

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Thomson, Elizabeth Anne. "Exploring the textual metafunction in Japanese a case study of selected written texts /." Access electronically, 2001. http://www.library.uow.edu.au/adt-NWU/public/adt-NWU20070927.134630/index.html.

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Biesinger, Geoffrey Scott. "Linguistics Improvements and Correlates in a Japanese Study Abroad Program." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2012. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/3395.

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Study abroad (SA) is typically thought to provide an excellent opportunity for second language acquisition, particularly through exposure to and application of the target language within the target culture. However, actual language gains vary greatly among SA participants and some may gain very little (Freed, 1995a). The purpose of the current study is to determine some specific linguistic gains made by 28 second language learners of Japanese studying for two semesters in Japan, and to determine possible correlates with these gains. Specifically, it addresses whether or not these SA students improve their grammatical proficiency, lexical proficiency, narrative ability, fluency, and pragmatics proficiency. It then explores how language learning aptitude, personality, language use, social networking, and initial ability correlate with those gains. To measure these gains and their correlates it uses the following instruments: the Elicited Imitation task, a picture story, the Pragmatics Self-Assessment, the Non-Word Repetition test, the NEO-Five Factor Inventory, the Language Contact Profile, and the Study Abroad Social Interaction Questionnaire. The results indicated that these SA students improved significantly in at least on measure of grammatical proficiency, lexical proficiency, narrative ability, fluency, and pragmatics proficiency. Initial ability and language use proved to correlate best with each area of linguistic gain; however, the other correlates were also related in certain areas. SA students should prepare to use their language and participate in social networks to best improve their linguistic abilities.

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Yoshida, Shohei. "Some aspects of governing relations in Japanese phonology." Thesis, SOAS, University of London, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.295146.

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Ohno, Kazutoshi. "The interpretation of focalizers in Japanese and English." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/289902.

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This dissertation investigates how interpretations are differentiated between and within Japanese focalizers (toritate-joshi) and also their English counterparts. There are four main proposals in this thesis. First, I propose that focalizer interactions must be analyzed independently from general focus interactions. The ordinary assumptions made for 'focus' (e.g. 'new information', binary distinction against 'topic', etc.) do not capture focalizer interactions accurately, and raise serious questions such as that of 'second occurrence' (Partee 1991). This thesis illustrates how focalizer interactions are differentiated from 'focus' interactions. Second, I suggest that the interpretation of focalizers consists of two major parts: 'declaration' and 'indication'. The two-way representation is largely inspired by Horn's (1969) 'presuppositional' analysis, but with a different distinction between interpretations. This thesis separates context-free and 100% warranted propositions ('declaration') from propositions that may or may not appear depending on the context ('indication'). Third, I assume that the interpretation of focalizers is differentiated by the strength of the indications. Adopting Leech's (1974) argument that the probability of a potential (lexical) meaning is relative to context, I further develop the assumption that the strength of the potential meaning of a given indication is relative to context. A variety of interpretations of focalizers results from this relative strength of indications. Last, it is thoroughly claimed throughout the thesis that the interactions between the target of a focalizer ('self') and its comparative items ('others') must be deeply considered to capture the three claims above. One of the important adjustments to the previously proposed analyses is that the 'scalar value' (e.g. Fauconnier 1975a, 1975b) relates to how the interpreter considers 'others', and is not fully determined by the lexical entries of a focalizer. A variety of factors are actually involved in the interpretation of focalizers. Therefore, potential discussion topics and observations of focalizer interactions are also displayed in detail, without analyzing them, for future study.

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Kubo, Miori. "Japanese syntactic structures and their constructional meanings." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/12899.

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Nyberg, Joacim. "Negation in Japanese." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Avdelningen för allmän språkvetenskap, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78395.

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Negation has fascinated thinkers and scholars for some 2,500 years.However, within linguistics, it is only in the recent years that negation has been given the attention it deserves. Within language typology, the main subject of investigation has been the notion of standard negation. This is well covered and data from several languages has been presented.When it comes to Japanese, it has proved hard to come across a detailed description of negation. There is a rich general literature covering many aspects of Japanese grammar, but there seems to be a lack of a work that investigates and collects all negation phenomena in one place. Furthermore, the general grammars do not take the typological perspective of negation into consideration. The aim of this thesis is to describe various negation strategies and related phenomena in the Japanese language and to put them in a typological perspective. To carry this out, a questionnaire for describing negation is used. Information and examples are extracted from grammars, articles, and a corpus. This is a descriptive text, and the analyses and conclusions presented can clearly contribute to the already existing literature on negation in Japanese, with the addition of a typological perspective.

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Itani, Reiko. "Semantics and pragmatics of hedges in English and Japanese." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1995. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1318049/.

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Hedges are expressions used to communicate the speaker's weak commitment to information conveyed; i.e. by hedging, speakers may moderate the assertive force of their utterances. They include sentence adverbials such as probably and technically, adjectives such as regular and typical, particles such as ne and kedo in Japanese etc. Hedges crosscut parts of speech and therefore do not form a natural syntactic class. This thesis argues that existing analyses of hedging devices fall short of full adequacy and presents a Relevance-theoretic account. In Chapter 1, I argue that hedging is a pragmatic phenomenon as the effect may be derived via features of the ostensive stimulus other than encoded linguistic content; e.g. the speaker can communicate her weak commitment by using certain prosodic features, facial expressions, shoulder shrugging etc. Discussions of hedging often arise in sociolinguistic contexts. However, I argue that the moderation of social relations such as the consideration of politeness is not its intrinsic function. The inadequacy of existing analyses I point out in Chapter 1 is due to the lack of a sufficiently articulated pragmatic framework, and for this reason, I turn to Relevance theory. In Chapter 2, I outline Relevance theory which provides a cognitively based explanation of communication. The theory makes rigorous distinctions between encoded meaning and inferred meaning, between the explicit and implicit content of an utterance, between descriptive and interpretive representations, etc. which provide the concepts necessary to isolate the semantics of the hedging devices as I explain in Chapters 3 and 4. In Chapter 3 and 4, I propose Relevance-theoretic analyses of particular English and Japanese expressions, which appear regularly in the literature on hedging. I try to capture the intrinsic semantic content of these elements and show how the familiar hedging effects arise as a result of the interaction between this encoded content, the particularities of context and considerations of relevance.

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Caldwell, Joshua Marrinor. "Iconic Semantics in Phonology: A Corpus Study of Japanese Mimetics." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2010. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/2368.

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Recent research on Japanese mimetics examines which part of speech the mimetic occurs as. An individual mimetic can appear as a noun, an adjective, an adverb, or a verb (Tsujimura & Deguchi 2007, 340). It is assumed by many scholars that mimetic words essentially function as adverbs (Inose 2007, 98). Few data-based studies exist that quantify the relative frequency of mimetic words in different word categories. Akita (2009) and Caldwell (2009a) have performed small scale or preliminary studies of this aspect of Japanese mimetics. The use of mimetics in other grammatical function categories has been attributed to the polysemous nature of Japanese mimetics (Key 1997). The common explanation is that the flexibility of mimetics is probably due to their iconicity (Sugiyama 2005, 307; Akita 2009; among others). Yet the definition of "iconicity" is often incomplete or cursory in nature. Newmeyer, Nuckolls, Kohn, and Key all accept or suggest the philosophies of C.S. Peirce as a possible explanation or source for understanding the iconicity of mimetic words. The purpose of this thesis is twofold: first, examine the prominent semantic theories regarding Japanese mimetics and show how the philosophies of Peirce can add clarity; second, examine overall occurrence of 1700+ mimetics per parts of speech using the data from the Kotonoha (http://www.kotonoha.gr.jp) and JpWaC (http://corpus.leeds.ac.uk/) Corpora. Peirce identified three distinct icon types: icons of abstract quality (1-1-1), icons of physical instantiation (1-1-2), and icons of abstract relation (1-1-3). These three types correspond to three distinct types of mimetic word: phonomimes (abstract sound qualities), typically predicate modifiers, phenomimes (physical actions), more often nouns or noun modifiers, and psychomimes, (relational), more often verbs or parts of verbs. Corpus data validates the observation that mimetics are usually functioning as predicate modifiers, but also supports Akita's hypothesis that psychomimes are incorporated into verbs more readily than other mimetics, which in turn is explained by the Peircean analysis.

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Saito, Mamoru. "Some asymmetries in Japanese and their theoretical implications." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/15170.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Linguistics and Philosophy, 1985.
MICROFICHE COPY AVAILABLE IN ARCHIVES AND HUMANITIES
Bibliography: leaves 351-364.
by Mamoru Saito.
Ph.D.

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Ishii, Nobuko. "Sekkyo-bushi : a textual study." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/250859.

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Shelton, Abigail Leigh. "Japanese native perceptions of the facial expressions of American learners of L2 Japanese in specified contexts." The Ohio State University, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1543450226217818.

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Kitano, Hiroko. "Cross-cultural differences in written discourse patterns : a study of acceptability of Japanese expository compositions in American universities." PDXScholar, 1990. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4084.

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Since Kaplan started the study of contrastive rhetoric, researchers have investigated Japanese and English compositions and have found some differences between them. However, few studies have investigated how these differences are perceived by native English readers when the different rhetorical patterns are transferred to English writing. Drawing from Hinds' study, this research focuses on the following: how the Japanese style of writing is evaluated by Japanese and American readers, especially in academic situations, how Japanese rhetorical patterns are perceived by American readers, and how a change of organization affects the evaluation by American readers.

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Masuko, Mayumi. "Referential and honorific expressions in Japanese : towards a formal approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.239589.

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Wallgren, Jonas. "Attitudes Towards and Uses of the Japanese Adverbzenzen by Swedish Learners of Japanese." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Engelska, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-19264.

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The word zenzen is an adverb that is used frequently in daily conversational Japanese. From the Meiji period (1868-1912) until the early Showa period (1924-1989) the word was used together with both affirmative and negative words to form expressions. In the early Showa period the grammatical rules in education changed so that the only acceptable use was together with a negative word. From the 1990’s onward, the use together with an affirmative word has made a comeback especially among younger Japanese people. However even though the usage together with an affirmative word has made a comeback and was considered normal once in history, in today’s society it is still considered as slang and thus not recommended usage in formal situations. Foreign language learners however, tend not to learn a language only by textbooks but also by imitating the language of native Japanese speakers and Japanese popular culture. This may lead to a confusion regarding what words are acceptable to use in conversations. Therefore in this study, an online survey that examines the usage and attitudes regarding the word zenzen aimed at Japanese language learners at Swedish universities was conducted. The results of the survey showed that although a majority of the learners showed a good understanding of the usage, more than half of the learners displayed a feeling of confusion regarding the usage of the word. The gender comparison regarding the usage showed no major differences. Having lived in Japan, having Japanese friends whom you speak Japanese with regularly and length of Japanese study was associated with an increased understanding of the usage. Regular consumption of Japanese popular culture, however, was not associated with an increased understanding of the usage. A literature analysis was also conducted to examine the attitudes regarding the usage of zenzen in a variety of books with topics including business language and books aimed at Japanese language teachers. The results showed that zenzen used together with a negative word was considered as the norm while zenzen used together with an affirmative word was not recommended to be used in formal situations. When recommending proper usage of the word zenzen together with an affirmative word to foreign learners of Japanese, hijou-ni and totemo was seen as better alternatives to zenzen in a formal situation.

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Cairns, Ronald Simpson. "Some contrastive aspects of Japanese-English phonology : a study in prediction of difficulty and prediction of error in the speech of Japanese learners of English." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.242002.

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Matsumoto, Yasuyo. "Investigating classroom dynamics in Japanese university EFL classrooms." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2009. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/296/.

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Since 1868 to the present day, the Ministry of Education, Sports, Science and Culture (MEXT) has implemented many reforms to enhance English education in Japanese universities. However, much still remains to be done to improve the situation and one of the biggest hurdles is the fact that there are many unmotivated students in Japanese university EFL classrooms. This thesis explores the reasons for this problem by focusing on inter- and intra-relations between teachers and students in this context. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews and questionnaires. The study employs both qualitative and quantitative research methodologies and uses space and methodological triangulation in order to overcome parochialism. My conclusions are that: 1) Visible and invisible inter-member relations exist between members of university classes and their teachers; 2) The teacher's behaviour affects the students' behaviour and impacts on their learning; and 3) Cooperative learning has a positive influence on language acquisition; 4) Japanese university students may not perceive how little interaction they have with their teacher; 5) Students exhibit gender differences in terms of the types of problems encountered and the ways in which they deal with them, but some problems are dealt with negatively by female and male students alike; and 6) Teachers appear not to perceive the problems and when they do they often deal with them by using negative strategies.

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Hara, Yoshiyuki. "The Perceptions of the Japanese Imperfective Aspect Marker –Teiru among Native Speakers and L2 Learners of Japanese." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/20496.

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The Japanese imperfective aspect marker –teiru is one of the most widely researched tense/aspect markers because of its multiple semantic functions. It has been claimed that the –teiru form can describe two main aspectual meanings, progressive and resultative, depending on the lexical aspect of the attached verb. The present study aims to empirically investigate native speakers’ interpretations of the –teiru meaning with different verb and sentence types through a judgment test. It compares them with the predicted semantic categories from the previous studies, which based their conclusion upon introspective analysis, as well as perceptions of L2 Japanese learners. The results suggest that overall perceptional patterns are consistent with predicted descriptions but also that interpretations of the meaning are flexible to some extent. As for learners’ perceptions, the results indicate that L2 learners develop progressive semantic processing in Japanese faster than resultative semantic processing in Japanese.

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Brawley, Hartman. "What Informs Event Descriptions: Language, Salience, and Discourse in English and Japanese." The Ohio State University, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1338275303.

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Rodriguez, Gabriel R. "The Enregisterment of Dialects in Japanese YouTube Comments| A Comparative Analysis." Thesis, Georgetown University, 2018. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10788816.

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This study contextualizes the explosive valorization and commodification of dialect in Japan since the 1980s, known as the “dialect boom”, in terms of Japanese social and economic issues and the growing public interest in diversity within Japan. While the dialect boom has been widely studied in sociolinguistics, little work has related it to the growing valorization of diversity, and most recent work has focused primarily on the Kansai dialect. To these ends, I analyze the enregisterment of six Japanese dialects, those of Osaka, Hakata, Nagoya, Aomori, Okinawa, and K?sh?. I analyze a corpus of YouTube comments responding to videos of dialect usage, using stance (DuBois 2007) to break down the social acts that produce enregisterment (Agha 2003). I draw on the theories of indexicality (Johnstone and Kiesling 2008, Eckert 2008) and the discourse analytic concept of dialect performance (Schilling-Estes 1998, Coupland 2007) as guides to interpreting the micro-social interactions I observe, connecting them to a macro-social context through the theories of Standard Language Ideology (Lippi-Green 1997), identity construction (Bucholtz & Hall 2005), and folklorization (Fishman 1987).

I examine evaluations of dialect based on attractiveness, humorousness, intelligibility, folklorization, and country-ness, evaluate their relative prestige by investigating the willingness of speakers to debate dialect performances’ fidelity, and finally examine the political conflicts dialects are implicated in by looking at how they are related to questions of diversity and nationalism. The similarities between evaluations of the dialects of Okinawa and Aomori, particularly in the category of folklorization, suggest that the dialects of Aomori have accrued affective traits of an Indigenous language (such as nostalgia or sentimentality) despite being spoken by members of the ethnic majority. However, the conflicts that arise over the cases of Okinawa and Osaka suggest that the use of dialect as a marker of regional identity is now being integrated into a nationalist Japanese self-image as a country with rich internal diversity. This provides a means by which Japan can engage with the discourses of liberal multiculturalism and diversity without seriously threatening the hegemony of Japanese ethno-nationalism, suggesting a need to reevaluate the past focus on nihonjinron in building critiques of Japanese nationalist ideology.

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Taira, Masako. "A pragmatic analysis of Japanese sentence-final particles : a translational approach." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265958.

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Haugh, Michael Bevan. "Politeness implicature in Japanese : a metalinguistic approach /." St. Lucia, Qld., 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe17330.pdf.

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Goss, Seth Joshua. "Prosody and Reading Comprehension in L2 Japanese." The Ohio State University, 2009. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1250603347.

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Ogasawara, Naomi. "Processing of Speech Variability: Vowel Reduction in Japanese." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194217.

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This dissertation investigates the processing of speech variability, allophonic and indexical variation in Japanese. A series of speech perception experiments were conducted with reduced and fully voiced vowels in Japanese as a test case. Reduced vowels should be difficult for listeners to hear because they are acoustically less salient than fully voiced vowels, due to the lack of relevant physiological properties. On the other hand, reduced vowels between voiceless consonants represent more common phonological patterns than fully voiced vowels. Furthermore, previous studies found that Japanese listeners were capable of hearing completely deleted vowels. Listeners intuitively maintain CV syllables in perception, hearing a vowel after each consonant in order to avoid obstruent clusters (a violation of Japanese phonotactics).It was found that listeners made good use of acoustic, phonological, and phonotactic knowledge of their native language for processing allophonic variants. In word recognition, listeners performed better when reduced vowels were in the environment where vowel reduction was expected. The phonological appropriateness of an allophone was judged in relation to adjacent consonants on both sides, and the facilitatory effect of appropriateness of reduced vowels surpassed the inhibitory effect of their acoustic weakness. However, in terms of sound detection, listeners found reduced and fully voiced vowels equally easy to hear in an environment where vowel reduction was expected. Although reduced vowels were phonologically appropriate between voiceless consonants, the phonological appropriateness merely balanced out acoustic weakness; it was not strong enough to surpass it. In addition, the phonological appropriateness of an allophone was judged based only on the preceding consonant, which suggests that listeners processed sounds linearly. Furthermore, the study found that phonological appropriateness of the allophone was affected by dialectal differences and speech rates. Listeners' preference for a certain allophone was influenced by the phonology of a listeners' native dialect and expectation was skewed by fast speech rates.This study suggests that current speech perception models need modification to account for the processing of speech variability taking language-specific phonological knowledge into consideration. The study demonstrated that it is important to investigate at which stage phonological inference takes place during processing.

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Kataoka, Kuniyoshi 1960. "The vertical experience in English and Japanese spatial discourse." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/288887.

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The importance of 'deixis' is that it is anchored to the immediate interactive context and resists a pre-given formulation of truth-value without taking into account such factors as when, where, to whom and even how it is said. This fact serves as an acute reminder for linguists that language use fundamentally concerns face-to-face communication and is not solely based upon the biological construals of the linguistic faculty. In this study, I will exclusively focus on spatial deixis and also closely examine spatial expressions such as coordinate terms, locative phrases, and (deictic) motion verbs. The selection of these elements largely depends on the current interest among cognitive linguists/anthropologists in preferred 'lexicalization' patterns and spatial motions/configurations, which promote image-schematic projection of the source concept. These phenomenological extensions of space will most palpably be embodied in stretches of discourse which particularly incorporate somatic descriptions and mental imageries. The novelty of the research is thus characterized by exclusive attention to 'vertical' space realized in 'on-going discourse' about spatial experience. The data types are mainly audio-(and occasionally video-)taped conversation and narration. I look at the utterance by the people who are experientially familiar with the concepts of verticality, rock climbers. They routinely and intensively exploit spatial notions for various purposes such as body-movement instructions, negotiation of geographic locations, and narration of 'danger-of-death' experience. There, multiple frames of reference and coordinate systems emerge and compete for the most suitable perspective which the speaker prefers to assume in accordance with cognitive, linguistic, and experiential constraints. I specifically ask the following questions: (1) is the vertical dimension conceptualized as the source or target domain for the image-schematic projection of the horizontal plane?, (2) are the orders of spatial descriptions constrained by language-specific 'lexicalization' patterns and/or habitualized cognitive styles?, (3) how are experientially salient portions in 'danger-of-death' narratives (e.g., Climax/Peak) related to particular modes of perspective-taking (e.g., intrinsic or extrinsic)?, and finally, (4) what is the role of 'experience' in achieving spatial coherence in the 'way-finding' negotiation? I conclude that verticality may be a more complex concept than has been previously conceptualized and has covert but influential consequences on cognitive processes and linguistic representations.

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Sawasaki, Koichi. "L2 reading by learners of Japanese a comparison of different L1s /." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2007. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1166738614.

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Nakagawa, Natsuko. "Information Structure in Spoken Japanese: Particles, Word Order, and Intonation." Kyoto University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/215634.

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Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第19808号
人博第779号
新制||人||187(附属図書館)
27||人博||779(吉田南総合図書館)
32844
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科共生人間学専攻
(主査)教授東郷雄二, 教授藤田耕司, 教授田窪行則
学位規則第4条第1項該当

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Tanaka, Noriko. "The pragmatics of uncertainty : its realisation and interpretation in English and Japanese." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.334067.

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Yamaguchi, Toshiko. "On the meaning of Japanese verbs : the view from argument structure alternations." Thesis, University of Essex, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285872.

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Tran, Hau. "Syntax and pragmatics : the Japanese particles ga and wa, and their relationship." Thesis, University of Ulster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.241683.

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Takagi, Miyako. "Variability and regularity in code-switching patterns of Japanese/English bilingual children." Thesis, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.313374.

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You, Zixi. "Split intransitivity in old Japanese." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:35bb6510-a2ae-4f7c-8689-72f35cb9bfde.

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According to the Unaccusative Hypothesis (Perlmutter 1978), intransitive verbs fall in two distinct classes: the unaccusatives (whose subjects originate as direct objects) and the unergatives (whose subjects originate as subjects). Although there are studies of split intransitivity in Modern Japanese and European languages, very few exist for earlier stages of Japanese. To fill in part of this gap, this thesis presents a comprehensive investigation of split intransitivity in Old Japanese (largely, 8th century Japanese). The descriptive and analytic work of this research is based on the newly developed ‘Oxford Corpus of Old Japanese’ (OCOJ). It consists of original and romanized Old Japanese texts, with a wide range of information including the original orthography, part-of-speech, morphology and syntactic constituency in the form of XML tags following TEI conventions. It is part of a larger collaborative research project: ‘Verb semantics and argument realization in pre-modern Japanese: A comprehensive study of the basic syntax of pre-modern Japanese’, in which my DPhil project is situated. As part of my DPhil project, I took part in the analysis and tagging of the OCOJ, in addition to contributing to translation. My original contribution to knowledge is a comprehensive investigation and in-depth analysis of the lexical-semantic aspects of split intransitivity in relation to its morpho-syntactic expressions in Old Japanese. This includes: exploring to what extent intransitive verbs could be classified as unaccusative and unergative, what factors are involved in the classification, how they interact, what are the possible ways of representation, and the theoretical implications it brings to linguistic theory in general. Syntactically, I looked into manifestations specific to Old Japanese (e.g. perfective auxiliary selection), and also examined to what extent diagnostics – which show split intransitivity in English, Italian and Modern Japanese (e.g. N+V compounding and resultative construction) – could be applied to Old Japanese. Semantically, I investigated various semantic factors and proposed basic and complex models of the interaction between intentionality and affectedness in Old Japanese. I also proposed a ‘complex format for representing simple event structures’ which enhances the understanding of semantic aspects of split intransitivity. As such, the results of my research not only contribute to a detailed understanding of Old Japanese verbs, but also have implications for linguistic theory in general.

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Fukuhara, Midori. "Cohesion and participant tracking in Japanese an interpretation based on five registers /." Phd thesis, Australia : Macquarie University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.14/82502.

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"May 2002"
Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, School of English, Linguistics and Media, Department of Linguistics, 2003.
Bibliography: p. 399-419.
Introduction -- Brief overview of above-clause analysis in Japanese -- Methodology and conventions of analysis -- Marco Polo text -- Bean Scattering Day text -- University lecture text -- Family conversation text -- Generalisation and a university tutorial text -- Conclusion.
This thesis is concerned with the construction of texture in Japanese, in particular with resources related to the general area of cohesion and particular aspects of participant tracking. An investigation is here presented as to the degree to which conventional views adequately represent Japanese in the light of authentic data. Such statements as "WA marks Given information", "GA marks New information", "zero is a pronoun in Japanese" are common throughout the literature characterising Japanese texts, but there is reason to believe that they stem, at least in part, from a naive transfer of English grammars, in particular, those with a narrow focus on the sentence. This thesis proposes a new framework for the description of Japanese; and in this proposal, an essential dimension is a detailed account of relevant contextual factors, both linguistic and nonlinguistic. The aim is to offer a description of Japanese more defensible to Japanese speakers, that is, to represent Japanese "in its own terms". -- Chapter 1 sets out problems and issues in the related literature on Japanese cohesion. It also addresses issues that are seen to be most pressing in relation to the description of Japanese. The chapter gives a brief account of the resources for cohesion and referential tracking and the particular deployment in Japanese, so that it offers a provisional account of the meaning potential for Japanese speakers. -- Chapter 2 reviews several standard treatments of cohesion and participant tracking in Japanese. This review is organised around two different kinds of resources, that is, those pre-predicate elements (such as WA, GA and other particles), and those post-predicate elements (such as conjunctive particles and certain sentence final expressions). -- Chapter 3 explains the method undertaken here and the conventions of analysis employed in subsequent desclipiions of texts from five separate contexts. Methods are set so as not only to view choices synoptically, but also to try to give careful description of choices in the logogenetic reality of text. That means the choices are viewed as being available to the speaker, writer or reader, as they unfold in text time. -- In each of Chapters 4,5,6 and 7, one of the following four texts, a (1) Marco Polo Text, (2) Bean Scattering Day Text, (3) University Lecture Text and (4) Family Conversation Text, is analysed and discussed in detail. The texts are chosen for the detailed examination of four different registers, representing a continuum from most written-like to most spoken-like, as well as continua of other kinds (like hierarchically differentiated social distance and formality differentiated). Each chapter has two major components, the first of which looks at subject realisations from the perspective of referential progression, and the second of which looks at the text from the perspective of subjectJreferent sequencing. Furthermore, these issues concerning subject are mapped against the macro structures individually for the three "writerly" texts (Texts (1) - (3)). -- In Chapter 8, generalisations are proposed, based on the results of the investigations of these four texts; and then, those principles, as they have emerged from the preceding arguments, are tested on a further study: (5) the University Tutorial Text, a text which combines characteristics across the continuum from most written to most spoken. (It is both strongly dialogic as well as involving sustained spoken 'turns'.) In Chapter 9, findings of the analytical chapters are further distilled. The outline for a new, although provisional, model of cohesion in Japanese is set out. These findings suggest future directions for research projects as well.
Mode of access: World Wide Web.
xix, 591 p

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Fukuhara, Midori. "Cohesion and participant tracking in Japanese : an interpretation based on five registers /." Online version, 2002. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/33300.

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Yamada, Masaru. "A study of the Japanese reflexive pronouns zibun and zibun-zisin." Morgantown, W. Va. : [West Virginia University Libraries], 1999. http://etd.wvu.edu/templates/showETD.cfm?recnum=400.

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Thesis (M.A.)--West Virginia University, 1999.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains v, 54 p. : ill. Vita. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Japanese linguistics'

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