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Journal articles on the topic 'Japanese – Latin America'

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Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Stallings, Barbara. "The Reluctant Giant: Japan and the Latin American Debt Crisis." Journal of Latin American Studies 22, no. 1-2 (March 1990): 1–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00015091.

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The debt crisis has been the dominant feature of Latin American economic and political life since 1982. While the Reagan Administration gave greater priority to Central America, it nevertheless managed the international response to the debt crisis. US management initially seemed logical for several reasons: US hegemony worldwide, the traditionally close relationship between the United States and Latin America, and the leading exposure of US banks in Latin American debt. During the period since 1982, however, two of these three elements have changed. Japan has challenged US hegemony, although it certainly has not displaced the United States, and Japanese banks have caught up with their US counterparts as holders of Latin American debt.2 Despite their lack of traditional relations with Latin America, then, the Japanese are becoming increasingly – although perhaps reluctantly – involved in the region.

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2

Takenaka, Ayumi. "The Japanese in Latin America." Hispanic American Historical Review 86, no. 3 (August 1, 2006): 573–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-2006-006.

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3

Cuéllar, Jorge E. "Latin America, football and the Japanese diaspora." Soccer & Society 14, no. 5 (May 23, 2013): 722–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14660970.2013.792501.

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4

Castro-Vázquez, Genaro. "Immigrant children from Latin America at Japanese schools." Journal of Research in International Education 8, no. 1 (April 2009): 57–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1475240908096484.

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5

HU-DEHART, EVELYN. "REVIEW OF MASTERSON, THE JAPANESE IN LATIN AMERICA." Pacific Historical Review 74, no. 2 (May 1, 2005): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2005.74.2.317.

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6

Calderón-Zaks, Michael. "Debated Whiteness amid World Events: Mexican and Mexican American Subjectivity and the U.S.' Relationship with the Americas, 1924–1936." Mexican Studies/Estudios Mexicanos 27, no. 2 (2011): 325–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/msem.2011.27.2.325.

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By the 1920s, anti-Mexican campaigns in the United States had become a major liability for US interests in the Americas, as rival imperial powers attempted to exploit growing anti-American sentiments in Mexico and Latin America against American imperialism. The U.S. State Department sought to curtail animosity in Latin America by contesting discriminatory domestic practices that angered elite Mexicans and Mexican-American leaders who identified as white. After blocking eastern and southern European and Japanese immigration in the 1924 National Origins Act, the eugenics movement turned its attention to excluding Mexicans from entering the US. When legislative attempts at restriction failed because they conflicted with national and international commercial interests, non-legislative avenues were sought, including the Census and the courts. The 1930 Census was the only census that categorized Mexicans as a separate “race.” In the context of a changing racial formation in the United States, this unique category was reversed in 1936 due to Mexican-American leaders leveraging the fragility of the “Good Neighbor Policy” to force the Federal government into action.

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7

KIM, Hwangi. "Japanese/Korean Descents’ Diaspora literature in Latin America and Hybridity." Border Crossings: The Journal of Japanese-Language Literature Studies 5, no. 1 (December 28, 2017): 11–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.22628/bcjjl.2017.5.1.11.

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8

White, Paul. "The Japanese in Latin America: on the uses of diaspora." International Journal of Population Geography 9, no. 4 (2003): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijpg.289.

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9

KIKUCHI, HIROKAZU. "The Representation of East Asia in Latin American Legislatures." Issues & Studies 53, no. 01 (March 2017): 1740005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1013251117400057.

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What is the representation of East Asia in Latin American legislatures? Existing studies have focused on individual politicians of East Asian descent such as Alberto Fujimori, former president of Peru, but no systematic research has been done on the political representation of East Asia in Latin America. In order to fill this gap, this study analyzes the descriptive and substantive aspects of East Asian representation in Latin America. For the descriptive dimension, this article reviews the composition of legislators of East Asian descent in each Latin American country and finds that people of Japanese descent are “overrepresented” in the Peruvian and Argentine lower houses, while people of Korean and Chinese descent are underrepresented. Using the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies as an example, this study also reveals that deputies of East Asian descent differ from other deputies in terms of their political careers. As for the substantive dimension, this study focuses on Brazilian deputies’ responses to the Twin Ocean Railroad project, one of the largest Chinese infrastructure projects in Latin America. The statistical test performed in this study shows that the deputies tend to be members of the Brazil–Peru–China Pro-Twin Ocean Railroad Caucus if they are affiliated with the Brazil–Japan Caucus, if they are from a wealthier state, or if their performance in the last election was good. In addition, they are not likely to be members of the caucus if they are affiliated with the Partido da Social Democracia Brasileira (PSDB), an important opposition party.

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10

Neupert, Kent E., and Rafael Montoya. "Characteristics and performance of Japanese foreign direct investment in latin America." International Journal of Public Administration 23, no. 5-8 (January 2000): 1269–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01900690008525501.

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11

Moran-Taylor, Michelle J. "The Japanese in Latin America, and: Searching for Home Abroad: Japanese Brazilians and Transnationalism (review)." Latin American Politics & Society 47, no. 4 (2005): 184–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lap.2005.0050.

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12

Kimura, Fukunari, and Mitsuyo Ando. "The Economic Analysis of International Production/Distribution Networks in East Asia and Latin America: The Implication of Regional Trade Arrangements." Business and Politics 7, no. 1 (April 2005): 1–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2202/1469-3569.1100.

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This paper applies an economic approach to empirically investigate differences in inward foreign direct investment (FDI) patterns between East Asia and Latin America and discusses the implication of regional trade arrangements. International production/distribution networks in East Asia effectively utilize the new economic logic of fragmentation, agglomeration, and optimal internalization and seem to greatly contribute to economic development. The paper examines statistical data for international trade as well as the activities of Japanese and U.S. multinational enterprises (MNEs) and argues that international production/distribution networks, particularly in machinery industries, are extensively developed in East Asia while remaining immature in Latin America. The impact of regional trade arrangements is substantially different depending on whether international production/distribution networks have already been developed or not. Our findings suggest that the impact of FTAA on FDI in Latin America by East Asian MNEs could be either positive or negative, depending on the content of FTAA and accompanying policies. If differentials between intra-regional tariffs and MFN-based tariffs are kept large, import-substituting FDI from East Asia may stagnate or even decrease. With a proper policy package to nurture international production/distribution networks, on the other hand, FDI from East Asia could be accelerated and contributed to deeper integration of Latin America.

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13

Tuman, John P., Craig F. Emmert, and Robert E. Sterken. "Explaining Japanese Aid Policy in Latin America: A Test of Competing Theories." Political Research Quarterly 54, no. 1 (March 2001): 87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/449209.

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14

Tuman, John P., Craig F. Emmert, and Robert E. Sterken. "Explaining Japanese Aid Policy in Latin America: A Test of Competing Theories." Political Research Quarterly 54, no. 1 (March 2001): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/106591290105400105.

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15

Kimura, Fukunari, and Mitsuyo Ando. "Fragmentation and agglomeration matter: Japanese multinationals in Latin America and East Asia." North American Journal of Economics and Finance 14, no. 3 (December 2003): 287–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1062-9408(03)00022-6.

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16

Tuman, John P., Jonathan R. Strand, and Craig F. Emmert. "The Disbursement Pattern of Japanese Foreign Aid: A Reappraisal." Journal of East Asian Studies 9, no. 2 (August 2009): 219–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s159824080000299x.

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Three perspectives on the determinants of Japan's official development assistance (ODA) program are often represented as distinct, valid explanations of the aid program. Yet few studies have attempted to simultaneously test the hypotheses generated from all three perspectives in a global study of Japanese aid flows. This study seeks to improve the understanding of the Japanese ODA program by addressing some of the gaps in the existing literature. Providing a comprehensive analysis, the article investigates the effects of different political and economic variables on Japanese aid disbursement in eighty-six countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East from 1979 to 2002. The findings of the study make several contributions to the literature. First, the results provide strong support for the claim that humanitarian concerns, as measured by poverty and human rights conditions in recipient countries, are important determinants of aid allocation. Second, although much of the previous literature has hypothesized that Japan's aid program seeks to promote Japan's economic interests, little empirical support for this view is found in the present study. Likewise, the disbursement pattern of ODA was associated with only a limited number of US security interests; US economic interests are shown to have no effect on ODA.

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17

Worrall, Janet E. "Reviews of Books:The Japanese in Latin America Daniel M. Masterson, Sayaka Funada-Classen." American Historical Review 110, no. 1 (February 2005): 188–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/531225.

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18

Moreira, Márcia Zabdiele, Mário Henrique Ogasavara, and Elano Ferreira Arruda. "Intrinsic and extrinsic factors of expatriation strategy - a proposed framework for foreign subsidiaries." Revista Ibero-Americana de Estratégia 13, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.5585/ijsm.v13i4.2118.

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The expatriation strategy is related to the decision to assign people to meet the international demands of multinational companies (MNCs). The study aimed at answering the question: What are the strategies related to intrinsic and extrinsic factors determining the decision of expatriation of Japanese multinational companies? It had the objective to analyze the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the decision of expatriation. This was a quantitative study with secondary data of Japanese foreign investment published by Toyo Keizai. A total of 107 subsidiaries of Japanese multinationals were analyzed in Latin America, 2006-2012, through multiple regression with panel data. It was proposed an expatriation strategy framework. The conclusion was that cultural distance, institutional and operational control dissimilarity determine the strategy for expatriation of international operations.

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19

Katada, Saori N. "Two aid hegemons: Japanese-US interaction and aid allocation to Latin America and the Caribbean." World Development 25, no. 6 (June 1997): 931–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0305-750x(97)00003-x.

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20

MASTERSON, DANIEL M. "New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America to Japan." American Anthropologist 107, no. 3 (September 2005): 530–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/aa.2005.107.3.530.2.

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21

Moya, Jose C. "New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan." Hispanic American Historical Review 84, no. 2 (May 1, 2004): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00182168-84-2-388.

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22

Vega-Céspedes, Cristian, and Yasuo Hoshino. "Effects of Ownership and Internalization Advantages on Performance: The Case of Japanese Subsidiaries in the United States and Latin America." Review of Pacific Basin Financial Markets and Policies 04, no. 01 (March 2001): 69–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219091501000346.

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This paper attempts to prove empirically that ownership and internalization advantages play a more important role than entry mode in explaining the attained performance of subsidiary companies. While a direct effect of ownership and internalization advantages on performance was found, a relation between entry mode and performance is not evident. A logistic regression model is applied to two samples, i.e., two states in the United States and countries of Latin America.

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23

Moreira, Márcia Zabdiele, and Mário Henrique Ogasavara. "Formal and informal institutions and the expatriation assignment: The case of Japanese subsidiaries in Latin America." Japan and the World Economy 47 (September 2018): 18–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.japwor.2018.03.005.

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24

Igarashi, Yoshikuni. "New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan (review)." Journal of Asian American Studies 6, no. 3 (2003): 326–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/jaas.2004.0018.

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25

Malpica, Luis, Daniel J. Enriquez, Denisse A. Castro, Camila Peña, Henry Idrobo, Lorena Fiad, Maria Prates, et al. "Real-World Data on Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Latin America: A Study From the Grupo de Estudio Latinoamericano de Linfoproliferativos." JCO Global Oncology, no. 7 (July 2021): 1151–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/go.21.00084.

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PURPOSE Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is an aggressive disease caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1. Real-world data of ATLL in Latin America are lacking. PATIENTS AND METHODS We analyzed patients with ATLL (acute, lymphomatous, chronic, and smoldering) encountered in 11 Latin American countries between 1995 and 2019. Treatment response was assessed according to the 2009 consensus report. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test. RESULTS We identified 253 patients; 226 (lymphomatous: n = 122, acute: n = 73, chronic: n = 26, and smoldering: n = 5) had sufficient data for analysis (median age 57 years). Most patients with ATLL were from Peru (63%), Chile (17%), Argentina (8%), and Colombia (7%). Hypercalcemia was positively associated with acute type (57% v lymphomatous 27%, P = .014). The median survival times (months) were 4.3, 7.9, 21.1, and not reached for acute, lymphomatous, chronic, and smoldering forms, with 4-year survival rates of 8%, 22%, 40%, and 80%, respectively. First-line zidovudine (AZT)-interferon alfa (IFN) resulted in an overall response rate of 63% (complete response [CR] 24%) for acute. First-line chemotherapy yielded an overall response rate of 41% (CR 29%) for lymphomatous. CR rate was 42% for etoposide, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone versus 12% for cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone–like regimen ( P < .001). Progression-free survival at 1 year for acute type patients treated with AZT-IFN was 67%, whereas 2-year progression-free survival in lymphomatous type patients who achieved CR after chemotherapy was 77%. CONCLUSION This study confirms Latin American ATLL presents at a younger age and has a high incidence of lymphomatous type, low incidence of indolent subtypes, and worse survival rates as compared with Japanese patients. In aggressive ATLL, chemotherapy remains the preferred choice for lymphomatous favoring etoposide-based regimen (etoposide, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, doxorubicin, and prednisone), whereas AZT-IFN remains a good first-line option for acute subtype.

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26

Barbosa, Rosana. "The Japanese in Latin America, by Daniel M. Masterson and Sayaka Funada-ClassenThe Japanese in Latin America, by Daniel M. Masterson and Sayaka Funada-Classen. The Asian America Experience series. Urbana, University of Illinois Press, 2004. 335 pp. $49.95 US (cloth), $24.95 US (paper)." Canadian Journal of History 41, no. 1 (April 2006): 170–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/cjh.41.1.170.

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27

Barrell, Ray, Karen Dury, Dawn Holland, Nigel Pain, and Dirk te Velde. "Financial market contagion and the effects of the crises in East Asia, Russia and Latin America." National Institute Economic Review 166 (October 1998): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002795019816600108.

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The Asian crisis has had a marked effect on the world economy over the past fifteen months. Private sector demand has collapsed in the affected economies and reinforced the effects arising from the deflationary forces in the Japanese economy at present. Up until this summer it did not appear likely that the world economy as a whole would slide into a full scale recession, although it was clear that growth had begun to slow in the industrialised economies. There were also important downside risks in our forecasts at that time; in particular the danger that a policy of monetisation in Japan would further weaken the yen and set in motion renewed disruption by enforcing a devaluation of the Chinese yuan against the dollar. It was also clear that profit margins were coming under pressure in the US economy, raising the possibility that future dividends would be somewhat weaker than implied by the exceptionally rapid growth in real equity prices since 1994. Neither a Chinese devaluation nor an equity price collapse were however part of our central forecasts.

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28

Shchegoleva, Natalia, and Andrey Varkentin. "Modern Paradigm of Exports Sophistication: Determinants and Models in Japanese Case." Moscow University Economics Bulletin 2020, no. 3 (June 30, 2020): 141–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.38050/01300105202037.

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Export determinants and their interconnection with technological sophistication and exchange rates are a popular topic in foreign articles. This paper is devoted to relation between export sophistication and exchange rate, including disaggregation of the used data to the country level. Main hypothesis of the research can be formulated as follows: export sophistication moderates the influence of exchange rate risks on export volume. First of all, analytical review of literature over the period of 2009-2019 has been carried out. It includes such topics as influence of trade policy on wages and employment in developing countries, main determinants of export diversification, role of foreign direct investments in export sophistication, etc. Furthermore, articles devoted to experience of China, Korea, Singapore, Japan, ASEAN and Latin America countries have been studied. Second part of the research focuses on statistical and regression analysis of Japanese export partners’ data, and also evaluation of ESI and PSI according to R. Hausmann methodology. Moreover, three clusters of countries were outlined: first - the leader - the USA, second - countries with growing exports - China and Korea, third - other countries. The structure of Japanese exports inclines the focus on high and middle-high technological goods. This trend is more evident in case of ESI and PSI: middle and high technological goods retain minimal fluctuations in volumes since 2014. Finally, regression coefficients indicate that yen deflation stimulates export, this result can be explained by Japanese policy of division between internal and external markets.

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29

Shigemi, Inaga. "Japanese Encounters with Latin America and Iberian Catholicism (1549–1973): Some Thoughts on Language, Imperialism, Identity Formation, and Comparative Research." Comparatist 32, no. 1 (2008): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/com.0.0006.

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30

Shimizu, Kazuki, Hiroshi Nishiura, and Akifumi Imamura. "Investigation of the Proportion of Diagnosed People Living with HIV/AIDS among Foreign Residents in Japan." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 6 (June 5, 2019): 804. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8060804.

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Foreign residents represent an increasing proportion of newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) cases in Japan, though scant research has addressed this. This study aimed to estimate the diagnosed proportion of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) among foreign residents in Japan, covering 1990–2017 and stratifying by geographic region of the country of origin. A balance equation model was employed to statistically estimate the diagnosed proportion as a single parameter. This used published estimates of HIV incidence and prevalence, population size, visit duration, travel volume, as well as surveillance data on HIV/AIDS in Japan. The proportion varied widely by region: People from Western Europe, East Asia and the Pacific, Australia and New Zealand, and North America were underdiagnosed, while those from sub-Saharan Africa, South and South-East Asia, and Latin America were more frequently diagnosed. Overall, the diagnosed proportion of PLWHA among foreign residents in Japan has increased, but the latest estimate in 2017 was as low as 55.3%; lower than the estimate among Japanese on the order of 80% and far below the quoted goal of 90%. This finding indicates a critical need to investigate the underlying mechanisms, including disparate access to HIV testing.

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31

Clarke, Peter B. "The cultural impact of new religions in Latin and central America and the Caribbean with special reference to Japanese new religions." Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies 4, no. 1 (June 1995): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13569329509361854.

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32

Malpica Castillo, Luis E., Daniel J. Enriquez, Denisse A. Castro, Camila Peña, Henry Idrobo, Lorena Fiad, Maria Prates, et al. "Epidemiology, Clinical Features, and Outcome of HTLV-1-Related Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma in Latin America: A Study from the Latin American Group of Lymphoproliferative Disorders (GELL)." Blood 136, Supplement 1 (November 5, 2020): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2020-140630.

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INTRODUCTION: Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a mature peripheral T-cell neoplasm caused by the Human T-cell Leukemia Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1). HTLV-1 infects up to 10 million people worldwide and is most endemic in Southwestern Japan, the Caribbean basin, South America, and Western Africa. In Latin America (LA), Peru and Brazil have the highest prevalence of HTLV-1-related diseases, however, data on ATLL in other LA countries is scarce. ATLL carries a dismal prognosis and is essentially incurable by conventional drugs. We describe the epidemiology, clinical features, treatment, and disease outcome of ATLL encountered in 11 countries in LA. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed patients (pts) diagnosed with ATLL between January 1995 and December 2019. ATLL cases were classified according to the Shimoyama criteria into acute (A), lymphomatous (L), chronic (C) and smoldering (S). Treatment approaches used as first-line therapy were: 1) chemotherapy alone; 2) combined chemotherapy with zidovudine/interferon-alpha (AZT-IFN); and 3) AZT-IFN alone, as previously done with Miami cohort (Malpica and Ramos et al. Blood Advances 2018). Treatment response was assessed according to Tsukasaki et al. (JCO 2009) criteria. To be classified as complete response (CR), partial response and stable disease, these had to persist for a period of at least 4 weeks. Survival curves were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and Log rank test. RESULTS: A total of 253 pts with ATLL were identified. Two hundred twenty six pts (L=122, A=73, C=26, S=5) had sufficient data for analysis. Demographic and clinical features are shown in Figure 1 and Table 1. Median age at diagnosis was 57 years, with a female predominance in A (58%) and S (100%) types. Most ATLL pts were from Peru (n=159, 63%) followed by Chile (n=44, 17%), Argentina (n=20, 8%) and Colombia (n=17, 7%). B symptoms were high present in A, L and C types (73%, 72%, 58% vs. 8% S type, respectively, p=0.011). Hypercalcemia was highly associated with A type (57% vs. L 27%, p=0.014). The PIT score yielded to a more aggressive risk classification compared to the IPI score (high-risk: 55% vs. 29%, respectively, p<0.001). Strongyloidiasis (n=5) and pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (n=5) were the most commonly observed co-infections at diagnosis. Commonly affected extranodal sites other than bone marrow in all subtypes were skin 25% (n=63) and liver 9% (n=24). The therapy approach used during the first 2 therapy evaluations are summarized in Table 2. The median survival (MS) times were 4.3 months, 7.9 months, 21.1 months, and not reached for A, L, C and S form, with 4-year survival of 8%, 22%, 40% and 80%, respectively (Figure 2). First-line AZT-IFN resulted in overall response (OR) rate of 63% (CR 24%) for A (n=8) and 75% (CR 50%) for L (n=8), respectively (Table 3). The OR rates after first-line multi-agent chemotherapy alone for A vs. L were 21% (CR 8%) and 41% (CR 29%), respectively (Table 3). The most commonly used regimens were CHOP/CHOP-like (n=117, 59%) and CHOEP (n=40, 20%) regimens with OR rates of 29% (CR 12%) and 60% (CR 42%), respectively (Table 3). Progression-free survival (PFS) rates in pts with aggressive ATLL who achieved CR after chemotherapy vs. AZT-IFN (alone or in combination with chemotherapy) were 2.8 months vs. 30.4 months for A (n=8) type and 67.1 months vs. 17.7 months for L (n=30) type, respectively (Figure 3). Only 2 pts with L type underwent allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant (allo-HSCT) with PFS of 12 and 17 months (Table 4). CONCLUSION: ATLL continues to carry a dismal outcome with conventional therapies thus urging the development of novel approaches. Our study found that Latin American ATLL variant presents at a younger age, has a female predominance, high incidence of L type, low incidence of indolent types and lower survival rates, suggesting that Latin American ATLL variant presents earlier and more aggressively than in Japanese pts. AZT-IFN produced durable responses in A type patients who achieved CR as compared to chemotherapy alone. Chemotherapy responses were more durable in L types who achieved CR as compared to A type. In conclusion, in the management of aggressive ATLL, chemotherapy remains the preferred choice for L type (with consideration of allo-HSCT upfront), while AZT-IFN is a good option to attempt for A type upfront. Figure Disclosures Peña: Janssen: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Speakers Bureau; Sandoz: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Roche: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Abbvie: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees; Amgen: Speakers Bureau; BindingSite: Research Funding. Idrobo:Amgen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Tecnofarma: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Abbvie: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau. Altamirano:Hospital Nacional Guillermo Almenara Irigoyen: Other: Servicio de Hematologia. Perini:Abbvie: Speakers Bureau; Janssen: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; Takeda: Honoraria. Castillo:Janssen: Consultancy, Research Funding; Abbvie: Research Funding; TG Therapeutics: Research Funding; Kymera: Consultancy; Pharmacyclics: Consultancy, Research Funding; Beigene: Consultancy, Research Funding. Ramos:NIH: Research Funding. Villela:Roche: Other: advisory board, Speakers Bureau; amgen: Speakers Bureau.

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33

Krishna, Venni V. "Can Developing Countries ‘Catch Up’ with Weak S&T Eco-Systems: Some Insights from Dynamic Asian Economies." Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity 8, no. 4 (September 27, 2022): 175. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/joitmc8040175.

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The post-war era, particularly from the mid-1980s, can be seen as a turning point for various Asian countries. Japanese success in industrialisation based on technology transfer from the industrialised West and evolution of unique endogenous scientific and technological capacities led scholars to conceptualise ‘late industrialisation’ and ‘catching up’ strategies. In a large measure, the ‘East Asian Miracle’ led to some erroneous misconceptions on science, technology, and innovation (STI) policies. Various writings and commentators from Africa, Asia and Latin America advocated to follow the path of East Asian Dragons. These writings begun to assume that countries can build innovation systems or dynamic technological sectors of economy within their respective countries, without paying much attention to building and strengthening science and technology (S&T) eco-systems. There are now clear STI policy signals which point to the significance of building science and technology systems before fully embarking on innovation policies. Drawing on some exemplary cases, this essay will explore the importance of S&T systems in the context of developing countries.

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34

Rizzi, Liara, Idiane Rosset, and Matheus Roriz-Cruz. "Global Epidemiology of Dementia: Alzheimer’s and Vascular Types." BioMed Research International 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/908915.

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The prevalence of dementia varies substantially worldwide. This is partially attributed to the lack of methodological uniformity among studies, including diagnostic criteria and different mean population ages. However, even after considering these potential sources of bias, differences in age-adjusted dementia prevalence still exist among regions of the world. In Latin America, the prevalence of dementia is higher than expected for its level of population aging. This phenomenon occurs due to the combination of low average educational attainment and high vascular risk profile. Among developed countries, Japan seems to have the lowest prevalence of dementia. Studies that evaluated the immigration effect of the Japanese and blacks to USA evidenced that acculturation increases the relative proportion of AD cases compared to VaD. In the Middle East and Africa, the number of dementia cases will be expressive by 2040. In general, low educational background and other socioeconomic factors have been associated with high risk of obesity, sedentarism, diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia, and metabolic syndrome, all of which also raise the risk of VaD and AD. Regulating these factors is critical to generate the commitment to make dementia a public health priority.

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Shi, Miao, Yihang Wang, Sergio Gabriel Olvera-Vazquez, Jorge Cadena Iñiguez, Min San Thein, and Kazuo N. Watanabe. "Comparison of Chayote (Sechium edule (Jacq.) Sw.) Accessions from Mexico, Japan, and Myanmar Using Reproductive Characters and Microsatellite Markers." Plants 12, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 476. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants12030476.

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Promoting neglected and underutilized crop species is a possible solution to deal with the complex challenges of global food security. Chayote is a Neglected and Underutilized Cucurbit Species (NUCuS), which is recognized as a fruit vegetable in Latin America and is widely grown in Asia and Africa. However, basic biological knowledge about the crop is insufficient in scientific sources, especially outside of its center of origin. In this study, limited observations on reproductive characters were conducted, differentiating accessions from Mexico, Japan, and Myanmar. Cytological evaluation among Mexican and Japanese accessions showed that the relative nuclear DNA content is 1.55 ± 0.05 pg, the estimated genome size is 1511 at 2C/Mbp, and the observed mitotic chromosomal number is 2n = 28. The genetic diversity of 21 chayote accessions was also examined using six microsatellite markers. A global low genetic heterozygosity (Ho = 0.286 and He = 0.408) and three genetic groups were detected. The results established the basis to provide insights into chayote arrival history in Asia by looking at the crop’s reproductive morphology, cytology, and genetic diversity status outside its origin center. This could help in developing sustainable utilization and conservation programs for chayote.

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Tsuda, Takeyuki (Gaku). "The Japanese in Latin America. By Daniel M. Masterson, with Sayaka Funada-Classen. Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2004. xvii, 335 pp. $49.95 (cloth); $24.95 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 64, no. 1 (February 2005): 161–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002191180500015x.

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C., Sahanaa, Amit Kumar Mishra, and Joy Bazroy. "Trend of morbidity and mortality of dengue in Tamil Nadu and Puducherry, South India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175806.

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Background: Globally, dengue infection is a mosquito borne viral disease accounts for nearly 50 million cases per year. South East Asia (SEA), Western Pacific, Africa, Eastern Mediterranean and Latin America are all endemic for frequent outbreaks of dengue fever. The burden of dengue is 17 times higher in SEA countries as compared to Japanese encephalitis, upper respiratory tract infections and Hepatitis B. Thus a study was planned to assess the trend of morbidity and mortality of dengue for the period of five years from 2012 to 2016 in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu (TN), South India. Methods: The data were sourced from National Health Profile 2017, WHO vector borne disease fact sheets and official website of National Vector Borne Disease Control Program. Analysis of secondary data was done and results were tabulated. Graphs were plotted to study the trend of the disease. Results: There is a fall in the morbidity of Dengue cases whereas increase in the mortality over the period of five years (2012-2016) in Puducherry. In TN, there is a decrease in trend of morbidity over the past five years and mortality since 2015. However, there is a rising trend of disease in India. Conclusions: Considering the above facts there is no doubt that dengue is a public health problem in Puducherry and Tamil Nadu, which needs urgent action to reduce the burden of dengue.

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MOORE, STEPHANIE C. "Daniel M. Masterson with Sayaka Funada-Classen, The Japanese in Latin America (Urbana and Chicago, IL: University of Illinois Press, 2004), pp. xvii+335, $49.95, $24.95 pb." Journal of Latin American Studies 37, no. 3 (July 29, 2005): 629–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x05319730.

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39

Tsuda, Takeyuki (Gaku). "A Review of: “Lane Ryo Hirabayashi, Akemi Kikumura-Yano, and James A. Hirabayashi (eds.), New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan.”." Nationalism and Ethnic Politics 11, no. 4 (December 2005): 544–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13537110590934423.

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Shinoda, Sumio. "Special Issue on Infectious Disease Control in SATREPS Projects." Journal of Disaster Research 13, no. 4 (August 1, 2018): 733–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2018.p0733.

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The Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development (SATREPS) is a Japanese government program that promotes international joint research. The program is structured as a collaboration between the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). The program includes various fields, such as Environment and Energy, Bioresources, Disaster Prevention and Mitigation, and Infectious Disease Control, and a total 52 projects were currently in progress as of May, 2018. It is expected that the promotion of international joint research under this program will enable Japanese research institutions to conduct research more effectively in fields and having targets that make it advantageous to do that research in developing countries, including countries in Latin America and the Caribbean, Asia, and Africa. Recently, SATREPS projects in the field of Infectious Disease have been but under the control of the Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (AMED). Although adult maladies, such as malignant tumors, heart disease, and cerebral apoplexy, are major causes of death in the developed countries including Japan, infectious diseases are still responsible for the high mortality rates in developing countries. Therefore, Infectious Disease Control is the important field of SATREPS. Infectious Disease Control projects are progressing in several countries, including Kenya, Zambia, Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Brazil, and various infectious diseases and pathogens have been targeted. In this special issue on Infectious Disease Control, the following reports from three projects have been selected: “The JICA-AMED SATREPS Project to Control Outbreaks of Yellow Fever and Rift Valley Fever in Kenya” by Nagasaki University, “Comprehensive Etiological and Epidemiological Study on Acute Respiratory Infections in Children in the Philippines” by Tohoku University, and “International Joint Research on Antifungal Resistant Fungi in Brazil” by Chiba University. These projects include viral, bacterial, and fungal infections. If they become available, further supplementary reports from other projects in this field will be published in a future issue.

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SHARPE, MICHAEL ORLANDO. "What Does Blood Membership Mean in Political Terms?: The Political Incorporation of Latin American Nikkeijin (Japanese Descendants) (LAN) in Japan 1990–2004." Japanese Journal of Political Science 12, no. 1 (February 21, 2011): 113–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1468109910000253.

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AbstractThis attempts to explain the limited political incorporation of Latin American Nikkeijin (Japanese descendants) (LAN) in Japan 1990–2004. A 1990 reform provides Nikkeijin a renewable visa that has enabled some 300,000 LAN to emigrate to Japan on the basis of Japanese blood descent or ethnicity.1Long-term marginalized minority groups, such as Zainichi Koreans and Chinese,2are comparatively better incorporated in Japan's political system and their demands increasingly recognized as more legitimate. I argue Japan's changing ethnic citizenship regime, political opportunity structure, and structure of civil society combined with LAN language difficulties, newness of residence, small size, low minority status, and powerful myth of return limits their immigrant political incorporation in Japan.

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Yamazaki, Fumio, Carlos Zavala, and Miguel Estrada. "Special Issue on Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru (II)." Journal of Disaster Research 9, no. 6 (December 1, 2014): 915. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2014.p0915.

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With the greatest pleasure, we present the second special issue of the Journal of Disaster Research (JDR), entitled Enhancement of Earthquake and Tsunami Disaster Mitigation Technology in Peru. This follows the first special issue on the same theme. These special issues contain 36 articles, 15 in the first and 21 in the second. They summarize research output from the SATREPS Peru project. SATREPS is an international research program sponsored by the Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and the Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA). As a SATREPS project on natural disaster mitigation, our 5-year Peru project began in March 2010 with the purpose of enhancing and implementing earthquake and tsunami disaster-mitigation technology in Peru. The joint research project provides good opportunities for Peruvian and Japanese researchers and engineers to work together exchanging opinions on their common goal of reducing loss from earthquakes and tsunamis. Within the project period, CISMID was designated as a government agency in charge of disaster-mitigation activities. Project outcomes have been introduced in national design codes and in guidelines on earthquake and tsunami risk evaluation in Peru. Our project has drawn great attention among members of Peruvian society. It has attracted hundreds of participants and scores of mass media through public seminars and symposia. We expect the project to be sustained through public awareness and dissemination activities by Peruvian organizations. We hope this special issue will provide useful information to seismic-prone Asia-Pacific countries, especially Latin America. In closing, we sincerely thank the contributors and reviewers who have done so much to make the articles in this special issue both interesting and valuable.

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Madireddy, Advaitha, Angelica Barreto-Galvez, and B. Hilda Ye. "Understanding the Mechanisms Driving Genomic Instability in Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (November 13, 2019): 5042. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-121565.

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Adult T-cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATLL) is a T-cell malignancy that results from infection by the retrovirus, human T cell lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1). ATLL is endemic to Japan, the Caribbean regions and Latin America. Despite the rare occurrence of the disease, ATLL is a very aggressive malignancy with limited treatment options. Recent studies show that the ATLL patients diagnosed in North America (NA-ATLL), who are largely from the Caribbean region, have extremely poor prognosis as compared to the Japanese ATLL (J-ATLL) patients. A better understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of NA-ATLL is critical to identifying effective treatment measures for these patients. It has been previously shown that genomic instability including extensive chromosomal variations can be frequently found in ATLLs. However, the underlying mechanisms leading to this instability are unclear. Analysis of the mechanism of HTLV-1 action has revealed that the virus, in addition to hijacking the host cell machinery, disrupts DNA repair mechanisms and cell division processes. While the disruption of repair mechanisms could be held accountable for the accumulation of damage in ATLL cells, the precise nature of this disruption has not been fully understood. In proliferating cells, damage to the DNA occurs or is primarily recognized during DNA replication. This indicates that defective DNA replication could be an important factor driving genomic instability in ATLL cells. Possible involvement of replicative defects in the etiology of ATLL is further strengthened by the fact that genomic instability in ATLL cells has been shown to occur at difficult to replicate genomic regions referred to as common fragile sites. Here, using a powerful locus specific approach called the single molecule analysis of replicated DNA (SMARD), we show that perturbed DNA replication is an inherent component of disease manifestation in ATLL patients. Furthermore, our preliminary findings suggest that these changes in DNA replication can be largely attributed to the EP300 inactivating mutations often found among NA-ATLL patients. This study will help elucidate the molecular mechanisms contributing to the marked chemo-resistant feature of NA-ATLL patients, as compared to J-ATLL patients. In addition to increasing our understanding of the mechanisms contributing to ATLL in general, the results from this study may inform new and mechanism-based treatment paradigms that target the replicative defects of this unique disease. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Solís, Mireya. "Japan's New Regionalism: The Politics of Free Trade Talks with Mexico." Journal of East Asian Studies 3, no. 3 (December 2003): 377–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1598240800001570.

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Since late 1998, Japan reversed its exclusive support for the multilateral trade regime and endorsed for the first time bilateral and preferential trade pacts, signing one with Singapore, negotiating another with Mexico, and announcing free trade talks with South Korea. The newfound Japanese interest in pursuing free trade agreements (FTAs) therefore represents one of the most significant departures in Japanese trade diplomacy of the past half-century. This article seeks to explain the birth of a preferential trading policy in a country that until recently had been a staunch multilateralist, and to analyze the reasons for the launch of FTA negotiations between Japan and Mexico. Indeed, one of the most remarkable aspects of Japan's new trade bilateralism is its cross-regional orientation, seeking preferential trade with a Latin American nation. Trade negotiations with Mexico are of great consequence to the development of Japan's FTA strategy for one more reason. Japan has embarked on this new regionalism to offset the negative effects of competing FTAs, but at the same time it has tried to minimize agricultural concessions to bilateral trade partners. Mexico is the first large agricultural exporter that Japan has approached for trade negotiations and is therefore an important test for the success of the Japanese FTA strategy.

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Lesser, Jeffrey. "The Japanese in Latin America. By Daniel M. Masterson and Sayaka Funada-Classen. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2004. Pp. xvii, 335. Maps. Illustrations. Tables. Glossary. Chronology. Notes. Index. $49.94 cloth; $24.95 paper." Americas 61, no. 3 (January 2005): 534–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/tam.2005.0027.

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Tsalikis, John, and Bruce Seaton. "Corporate Social Responsibility: A Cross-National Study of the Treatment of Consumers and Employees." Business Ethics and Leadership 4, no. 2 (2020): 6–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21272/bel.4(2).6-15.2020.

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Within a CSR framework, this paper reports on an extensive array of studies that explore consumer and employee issues with businesses in 13 countries, including the United States and countries in Eastern and Western Europe, Latin America, Asia, and the Middle East. The relevance of this study is based on the idea that consumer trust and fair treatment of employees are both core components of CSR and vital elements of economic efficiency and satisfaction from both supplier and customer perspectives. The questionnaires included open-ended inquiries which employed the technique of unaided recall, alternatively known as “top of mind” awareness. This method’s strength is that it provides minimum direction to respondents, thus avoiding interviewer bias. The resulting data were examined and classified using the method of content analysis. The results indicate that in Mexico and Argentina most consumer complaints involved price, while in Russia, China, and India consumers complained about aspects of product policy. Only Brazilian consumers registered their major concerns as complaints on service. The complaints about corporate policy focused on the poor treatment of employees. The between-country contrasts were often large; for example, 26% of Japanese respondents expressed concerns about employee issues whereas such complaints were limited to 3% of our Mexican sample. The strength of the current research is the combination of the breadth of the study (13 countries) coupled with the employment of national probability samples. The corresponding limitation stems from the limited depth of inquiry associated with the methodology employed and the inherent complexity of cross-national comparisons. The key implication of the paper is that both customers and employees have numerous complaints regarding the treatment they receive from corporations, but these issues show significant differences between the countries in the sample. In-depth examination of the individual countries is one of several fruitful areas suggested for further research. Keywords: Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR), Consumer Complaints, Price, Product, Service.

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Yamanaka, Keiko. "New Worlds, New Lives: Globalization and People of Japanese Descent in the Americas and from Latin America in Japan. Edited by Hirabayashi Lane Ryo, Kikumura-Yano Akemi, and James A. Hirabayashi. Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press, 2002. xxiii, 358 pp. $24.95 (paper)." Journal of Asian Studies 63, no. 4 (November 2004): 1080–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911804002487.

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Hagihara, Ayako, and Grace Shimizu. "The Japanese Latin American Wartime and Redress Experience." Amerasia Journal 28, no. 2 (January 2002): 203–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.17953/amer.28.2.h626551q4qh45052.

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Zavarce Velasquez, Carlos David. "Japan’s international cooperation to Latin America and the Caribbean in the changing development landscape." Estudios Internacionales 54, no. 201 (April 4, 2022): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-3769.2022.64744.

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Japan has been a proactive contributor to development cooperation, ranking among the top five OECD donors worldwide. Latin America and the Caribbean have been traditional recipients of Japan’s ODA due to their long-standing relationship. However, the U.S. interests, and recently, the rise of China, have influenced Japan’s aid to the region. This paper aims to study how the influence of foreign interests, especially those of the U.S., and the rise of China as a nontraditional donor has challenged Japan’s ODA to Latin America and the Caribbean during the 21st century. Since this is hermeneutical research, the analyzed documents were selected based on impact criteria, and the contents were grouped following a chronological evolution. The findings unveil that even though Japan’s ODA has been influenced, at some periods, by pre-established U.S. guidelines, in other cases, it has relied on different reinterpretations to those suggested by the U.S. This dynamic turns into a set of ideas and concepts that, despite seeming unrelated, have Japan’s national interests as the fundamental principle and translate into diverse strategies of Japan’s ODA to the region. Japan’s approaches to global and regional contexts bring a strategic debate on how the elements that characterize its ODA were adapted to the needs in the period under study. This debate is still unfolding and allows Japan’s ODA not to lose its identity. Thus, even though China has taken the lead in some developmental initiatives in Latin America and the Caribbean, the core elements of Japan’s ODA remain valid.

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Reyes-Ruiz, Rafael. "The Latino Culturescape in Japan." Diaspora: A Journal of Transnational Studies 14, no. 1 (March 2005): 137–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/diaspora.14.1.137.

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On my first trip to Japan, shortly after I arrived in September 1988, I asked my Japanese host, a writer for one of Tokyo’s music magazines, to direct me to a Latin American restaurant or nightclub. Since leaving my native Colombia for the United States and Europe, I had learned that Latin American restaurants and nightclubs were some of the places to make contacts for jobs and housing, and, of course, to socialize. My host was not familiar with any such businesses in western Tokyo, where he lived, so I asked him to consult the telephone book. He found one listing and gave me the address.

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