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Journal articles on the topic 'Japanese influence on 19c'
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1
Akagawa, Hiroyuki, Hidetoshi Kasuya, Hideaki Onda, Taku Yoneyama, Atsushi Sasahara, Chul-Jin Kim, Jung-Chung Lee, Tae-Ki Yang, Tomokatsu Hori, and Ituro Inoue. "Influence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase T-786C single nucleotide polymorphism on aneurysm size." Journal of Neurosurgery 102, no. 1 (January 2005): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.2005.102.1.0068.
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Object. Among patients with aneurysms, those with heterozygous (T/C) endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) T-786C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), a mutation reducing endothelial nitric oxide synthesis, are reported to have larger ruptured intracranial aneurysms (IAs) than those with homozygous (C/C or T/T) genotype. The authors tested patients harboring aneurysms for eNOS T-786C SNP in two populations—Japanese and Korean. Methods. The eNOS T-786C SNP was genotyped through direct sequencing in genomic DNA obtained from 336 Japanese and 191 Korean patients with IAs and 214 Japanese and 191 Korean control volunteers. Differences in genotype frequencies among the various aneurysm sizes were evaluated using the Fisher exact test. There was no significant difference in heterozygous (T/C) eNOS T-786C SNP between aneurysms 5 mm or smaller and those from 6 to 9 mm, and between lesions 5 mm or smaller and those 10 mm or larger in 336 Japanese patients harboring aneurysms—220 with ruptured and 116 with unruptured lesions—and in 191 Korean patients with ruptured aneurysms. Conclusion. The eNOS T-786C SNP genotype does not influence the size of aneurysms.
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Rahmah, Yuliani. "Refleksi Ajaran Shinto Dalam Omamori." KIRYOKU 3, no. 4 (December 12, 2019): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/kiryoku.v3i4.188-194.
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(Title: Shintoism Reflection InOmamori) Shinto handed down from generation to the next generation. Shintoism have had a strong influence on the lives of Japanese people, from festival activities to objects in their surroundings. Omamori is known as one form of that influence and became a culture part of the harmonization of the Shintoism and Buddhism. As one of the sacred objects which are still trusted by Japanese people, the existence of omamori is so popular even in modern society. Through a literature review, this article aims to describe what parts of the omamori are a reflection of Shintoism. The results obtained show that the reflection can be seen among others in the omamori user's belief in the existence of kamisama (Gods), and evil spirits, also can be seen from the material of the omamori itself.
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Nara, Fumiko Watanabe, Akio Imai, Masao Uchida, Kazuo Matsushige, Kazuhiro Komatsu, Nobuyuki Kawasaki, Yasuyuki Shibata, Kunihiko Amano, Hajime Mikami, and Ryuji Hanaishi. "High Contribution of Recalcitrant Organic Matter to DOC in a Japanese Oligotrophic Lake Revealed by 14C Measurements." Radiocarbon 52, no. 3 (2010): 1078–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200046154.
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Carbon isotopes (14C and 13C) of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in a Japanese oligotrophic lake (Lake Towada) were measured to study the origin and cycling of dissolved organic matter (DOM) in Lake Towada. Lake water samples were collected at 3 depths (0, 30, and 80 or 85 m) during 4 months (April, June, August, and October) in 2006. 14C measurements of DOC were performed by accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) at the National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES-TERRA) in Japan. Δ14C and δ13C values of DOC in Lake Towada showed light carbon isotopic values ranging from –750 to −514‰ and –29.0 to –27.8‰, respectively. These values are similar to those of humic substances reported. The very low carbon isotopic values of DOC in Lake Towada suggest a very small contribution of DOC derived from fresh phytoplankton to the lake DOC. There is an extremely high linear relationship between the Δ14C and δ13C of DOC in Lake Towada when all data points are plotted (r2 =0.818, p < 0.01), suggesting that the DOC in Lake Towada has 2 specific sources contributing heavy and light carbon isotopes. Although the freshly produced DOC of phytoplankton origin can be decomposed easily, the variation in the autochthonous DOC should influence the carbon isotopic values of DOC in Lake Towada.
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Limsiritong, Thanapum, Tomoyuki Furutani, and Karnjira Limsiritong. "Conflict of multiracial to nationality decision making using exploratory factor analysis: Multiracial Thai-Japanese in Thailand." GATR Global Journal of Business Social Sciences Review 8, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 191–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.3(6).
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Objective - When a major problem in governance policies creates great difficulties for the development of the global community, this has an influence of society’s awareness of concepts such as racism, discrimination and conflict issues which have an impact on the decision making process of future generations of multiracial and foreigner migrants. Identity of nationality can also be used to explain changes in the structure of a county. This research aims to: (1) study the variables of nationality decision making factors among multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand; (2) categorize the factor extraction of Exploratory Factor Analysis on nationality decision making of multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand; and (3) explore the relationships between important factors of nationality decision making factor units among multiracial Thai-Japanese groups in Thailand. Methodology/Technique – There were 685 valid respondents obtained using an online purposive sampling questionnaire survey in acknowledgement of organizations (Bangkok, Chon Buri & Chiangmai). The results indicate there are 3 factors of Thailand and 4 factors of Japan categorized for nationality decision making using exploratory factor analysis. Furthermore, the significance of each factor of Thailand and Japan affects nationality decision making. Finding - As a result of the binary logistic regression analysis, social structure, individual stability and country structure developments were identified as having a primary role in nationality decision making (Thai/Japanese/ and not decided or dual nationality). Novelty - The results enable an understanding of the Thai and Japanese international community transformation and development from the perspective of nationality decision making. Type of Paper: Empirical. JEL Classification: O19, O20, O38 Keywords: Exploratory Factor Analysis; Thai-Japanese; Nationality Decision Making. Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Limsiritong,T; Furutani, T; Limsiritong, K. 2020. Conflict of multiracial to nationality decision making using exploratory factor analysis: Multiracial Thai-Japanese in Thailand, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 8(3): 191 – 200. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.3(6)
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Yamamura, Norio, Joachim Stangier, Paul Reilly, Andreas Clemens, and Sebastian Härtter. "Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in Japanese and Caucasian subjects after oral administration of dabigatran etexilate." Thrombosis and Haemostasis 107, no. 02 (2012): 260–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1160/th11-08-0551.
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SummaryEthnic differences in drug disposition may potentially influence therapeutic response to dabigatran, a reversible direct thrombin inhibitor used for the prevention and/or treatment of various thromboembolic disorders. This analysis of data from 18 clinical studies in healthy volunteers and patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (AF) or undergoing knee or hip arthroplasty investigated whether there were any clinically relevant differences in the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dabigatran, the active form of dabigatran etexilate, between Japanese and Caucasian subjects. In pooled data from 14 phase I trials, total exposure (i.e. area under the plasma concentration-time curve [AUC]) after administration of dabigatran 150 mg once or twice-daily was on average 20% higher in Japanese than Caucasian subjects (median [10th to 90th percentile] 1,110 [644–1,824] vs. 924 [420–1,654] ng·h/ml) although the difference between the groups was not significant. Within-trial comparisons in subjects treated with dabigatran 150 mg twice-daily showed that AUC and maximum plasma concentration differed by less than 10% between the two groups. In patients with AF, trough concentrations after administration of 150 mg twice-daily were similar in Japanese and Caucasian subjects (80.1 [34.5–193.8] vs. 71.0 [34.0–190] ng/ml). Various factors, including body weight and renal clearance, may explain these observed pharmacokinetic differences. The relationship between plasma concentration and coagulation markers was similar and indicative of no difference in the exposure-pharmacodynamic response between these two groups. In conclusion, the results of this analysis show that the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dabigatran are similar in Japanese and Caucasian subjects and suggest that there is no need for dose adjustment of dabigatran in Japanese subjects.
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Silva, Janaina Della Torre da, Rodrigo Antonio Gravena, Rafael Henrique Marques, Vanessa Karla Silva, Fabricio Hirota Hada, Vera Maria Barbosa de Moraes, and Ramon Diniz Malheiros. "Passionflower supplementation in diets of Japanese qualis at rearing and laying periods." Revista Brasileira de Zootecnia 39, no. 7 (July 2010): 1530–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1516-35982010000700020.
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The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the inclusion of passionflower (Passiflora alata) in diets on performance, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio (H/L), corticosterone plasma levels (CPL) and immune response of quails. The study was carried out using 192 birds, distributed in randomized blocks with 4 diets (0, 125, 250 and 375 and 0, 250, 500 and 750 mg of passionflower/kg of feed for the rearing and laying period, respectively), 8 replicates and 6 birds per experimental unit. The rearing period began when birds were 28 days of age and it lasted for 15 days. In this phase, it was evaluated daily feed intake, daily weight gain, feed conversion, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, and corticosterone plasma levels. Laying phase started when birds were 43 days of age and it finished when they were 140 days of age; it was compesed of six 14-day cycles in which it evaluated feed intake, feed conversion, egg production and quality, viability, tonic immobility time, intensity of injuries, behavior, heterophil/lymphocyte ratio, corticosterone plasma levels and immune response. In the rearing period, the use of passionflower in the diet of quails influenced the behavioral parameters, and the birds became calmer, mainly at the dosage of 375 mg/kg of ration. However, in the laying period, passionflower was efficient in reducing stress in the quails, and the most promising results are observed when higher dosages of the phytotherapic were applied. Nevertheless, the dose of 750 mg/kg of feeeding reduces egg production, though it does not influence quality of eggs neither immune response of the quails.
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Cai, Ni Na. "Exploring the Art of Masahiro Chatani’s Architectural Origami." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1205.
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With the rapid development of the information age, the forms of architecture diversify. Origami, the ancient type of art provides us with infinite source of inspiration. This paper is trying to analyze the beauty of line, strength and space of Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, a great Japanese artist, and elaborate the influence of origami on modern architecture. When enjoying the visual feast brought by Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, we can get some inspiration from it. Besides architecture, the art of origami is also applied to other modeling designs. Origami is not limited to tow-dimensional plane any more, but expands in three-dimensional space, which is the embodiment of the wisdom of human.
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Pimentel-Mani, Iana, Maria C. Oliveira, Sarah CO Lima-Dóro, Poliana Carneiro-Martins, and Marcos AP Souza-Júnior. "Nutritional value and inclusion levels of residual annatto seed meal in diets for Japanese quails." Revista Colombiana de Ciencias Pecuarias 33, no. 2 (September 16, 2019): 110–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.17533/udea.rccp.v33n2a03.
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Background: Residual annatto seed meal (RASM) is a byproduct after extraction of bixin in the cosmetic industry and may be used in animal diets. Objective: Two experiments were carried out to determine the nutritive value and effect of RASM inclusion levels in the diets of Japanese quails. Methods: For the digestibility experiment, 160 Japanese quails were distributed in a randomized study with two treatments and 10 replicates with eight birds each. The treatments consisted of a reference diet and a test diet containing 75% of the reference diet and 25% of RASM. For the performance assay, 192 Japanese quails were used in a randomized study with six treatments and four replicates with eight birds each. Treatments consisted of a control corn-based diet (Contr1) and another diet based on sorghum + canthaxanthin (Contr2), and four diets based on sorghum with increasing inclusion levels of RASM (0, 3, 6, and 9%). Results: Digestibility of dry matter and crude protein, metabolization coefficient of gross energy, and retention of calcium and phosphorus were 41.05, 43.12, 47.97, 25.49, and 30.35%, respectively. RASM inclusion did not influence bird productivity; however, feed conversion worsened in treatments with 0–6% RASM inclusion relative to that in Contr1. Yolk color increased due to RASM treatment. Conclusion: RASM may be included in sorghum-based diets for quails at 9%, with improvement in yolk color and no negative effects on productivity and egg quality.
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Matsunaka, Tetsuya, Kimikazu Sasa, Tsutomu Takahashi, Masumi Matsumura, Yukihiko Satou, Hongtao Shen, Keisuke Sueki, and Hiroyuki Matsuzaki. "Pre- and Post-Accident 14C Activities in tree rings near the Fukushima Dai-Ichi Nuclear Power Plant." Radiocarbon 61, no. 6 (December 2019): 1633–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rdc.2019.147.
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ABSTRACTAreas affected by routine radiocarbon (14C) discharges from the Fukushima Dai-ichi Nuclear Power Plant (FDNPP) and accidental releases in March 2011 were investigated by analysis of cores from Japanese cypress and cedar trees growing at sites 9 and 24 km northwest of the plant. 14C concentrations in tree rings from 2008–2014 (before and after the accident) were determined by accelerator mass spectrometry, with 14C activities in the range 231–256 Bq kg−1 C. Activities during the period 2012–2014, after FDNPP shutdown, represent background levels, while the significantly higher levels recorded during 2008–2010, before the accident, indicate uptake of 14C from routine FDNPP operations. The mean excess 14C activity for the pre-accident period at the sites 9 and 24 km northwest of the plant were 21 and 12 Bq kg−1 C, respectively, indicating that the area of influence during routine FDNPP operations extended at least 24 km northwest. The mean excess tree-ring 14C activities in 2011 were 10 and 5.8 Bq kg−1 C at 9 and 24 km northwest, respectively, documenting possible impact of the FDNPP accident on 14C levels in trees.
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Kiyoshi, Miyake. "Shigaku Zasshi Summary of Japanese Scholarship for 1999: Warring States, Qin and Han." Early China 28 (2003): 229–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0362502800000717.
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At last year's (1999) general meeting of the Nihon Shin Kan shi kenkyūkai (Japanese Qin-Han History Research Group), cosponsored by the International Congress of Chinese Historical Studies, entitled “The World of Chinese (Qin-Han period) History: a system of integration and pluralistic development,”1 TAKATSU Junya , TOMIYA Itaru and DU Zhengsheng presented lectures related to the theme of unification [192]. Mr. Du in particular was most conscientious of the “unification” theme, discussing the topic, “Ancient Chinese Pluralistic Society and the Surge towards Unification.”2 Under this title he makes the following six points: 1) tracing the gradual process of expansion within the areas that were included in the concept of “Zhongguo” according to the written historical materials; 2) examination and organization of the theories regarding how many cultural areas into which the Neolithic Age should be divided; 3) the signs of religion as seen in the archaeological materials in accordance with the phases of political development; 4) the distribution and interrelationships of walled settlements; 5) investigating the area of the Shang and Zhou courts’ influence through the style of bronze pieces and the distribution of burial goods; 6) inferences that can be made by comparing “rishu” (almanacs) and cultural trends from the standpoint of social strata.
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Ueda, Takahiro, Miki Murata, and Ken Yokawa. "Single Wavelengths of LED Light Supplement Promote the Biosynthesis of Major Cyclic Monoterpenes in Japanese Mint." Plants 10, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants10071420.
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Environmental light conditions influence the biosynthesis of monoterpenes in the mint plant. Cyclic terpenes, such as menthol, menthone, pulegone, and menthofuran, are major odor components synthesized in mint leaves. However, it is unclear how light for cultivation affects the contents of these compounds. Artificial lighting using light-emitting diodes (LEDs) for plant cultivation has the advantage of preferential wavelength control. Here, we monitored monoterpene contents in hydroponically cultivated Japanese mint leaves under blue, red, or far-red wavelengths of LED light supplements. Volatile cyclic monoterpenes, pulegone, menthone, menthol, and menthofuran were quantified using the head-space solid phase microextraction method. As a result, all light wavelengths promoted the biosynthesis of the compounds. Remarkably, two weeks of blue-light supplement increased all compounds: pulegone (362% increase compared to the control), menthofuran (285%), menthone (223%), and menthol (389%). Red light slightly promoted pulegone (256%), menthofuran (178%), and menthol (197%). Interestingly, the accumulation of menthone (229%) or menthofuran (339%) was observed with far-red light treatment. The quantification of glandular trichomes density revealed that no increase under light supplement was confirmed. Blue light treatment even suppressed the glandular trichome formation. No promotion of photosynthesis was observed by pulse-amplitude-modulation (PAM) fluorometry. The present result indicates that light supplements directly promoted the biosynthetic pathways of cyclic monoterpenes.
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Artashkina, Tamara A., and Bofei Shang. "Specific Features of Festive Culture in Modern China." ICONI, no. 1 (2019): 184–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.33779/2658-4824.2019.1.184-197.
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The history of XX-century China can be divided into several periods that greatly altered the path of China’s historical development: Xinhai Revolution, Anti-Japanese war, civil war, establishment of PRC, Cultural Revolution, policy of reforms and openness. Uneven development of contemporary China has had its influence on Chinese holidays. The authors consider the concept of “national holidays of China” a basic category. In the Chinese language, a “holiday” is an unusual day or days connected with something. All national Chinese holidays fall into two categories: government and popular. Chinese government holidays include official holidays established by law; they are days-off for all Chinese citizens. Currently there are 7 government holidays in China and many popular holidays. Popular holidays include traditional holidays, occupational or social holidays, holidays of national minorities or others. Not all Chinese citizens have days-off during these popular holidays. There are two aspects of cultural problems in modern China: a big gap between urban culture and rural cultures; there is a problem of active borrowing and introduction of Western culture into the national culture of China. In particular, many western holidays have intervened into the tissue of Chinese culture. However, western holidays do not alter the cultural meaning of Chinese traditional holidays; they have acquired Chinese features and enriched the life of young Chinese people. Chinese festive culture is transformed within the following areas: traditional holidays are replaced with innovative ones; modern holidays are formed under the influence of new social and political conditions and cultural globalization; transformation of traditional holidays changes either their quantity or their content and cultural meaning. However, the authors have come to the conclusion that despite the transformational processes the cultural meaning and main cultural functions of traditional holidays are preserved: reunion of families and, hence, the reunion of the whole nation.
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Nakamura, Toshio, Kimiaki Masuda, Fusa Miyake, Kentaro Nagaya, and Takahiro Yoshimitsu. "Radiocarbon Ages of Annual Rings from Japanese Wood: Evident Age Offset Based on IntCal09." Radiocarbon 55, no. 2 (2013): 763–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200057921.
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To investigate the radiocarbon concentration of atmospheric CO2 over the past few millennia in Japan, we measured the 14C age of annual rings from 3 Japanese trees with calendar dates ranging from ∼2000 yr old to present, and we compared the tree-ring 14C age with the corresponding 14C age from IntCal09. In some instances, the 14C ages of the annual rings of Japanese trees are not consistent with the IntCal09 data sets. Often, the 14C ages of tree rings are older than those from IntCal09, but younger than those from the SHCal04 data sets. The average shifts in the Nagoya 14C age from IntCal09 data sets and 1σ errors were determined to be +26 ± 36, +24 ± 30, +16 ± 22, +5 ± 21, and +14 ± 22 14C yr for the intervals AD 72– 382, 589–1072, 1413–1615, 1617–1739, and 1790–1860, respectively. The Japanese Archipelago is situated near the boundary of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in summer, and the 14C concentration of atmospheric CO2 over Japan can be influenced by air masses of the Southern Hemisphere with lower 14C concentrations during periods of higher solar activity and heightened East Asian summer monsoons. Our results suggest that the Japanese Archipelago is located in a critical zone where it is difficult to calibrate the 14C age of tree-ring samples using existing calibration data sets. It should be noted that calibration of the 14C dates of Japanese samples with IntCal09 may induce additional systematic shifts of calibrated ages toward older ages by about 30 yr compared with the sample optimum calendar ages.
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Omoto, Kunio, Kenji Takeishi, Shigeru Nishida, and Junichi Fukui. "Calibrated 14C Ages of Jomon Sites, NE Japan, and their Significance." Radiocarbon 52, no. 2 (2010): 534–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200045574.
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The traditional archaeological chronology in the Japanese Islands during the Jomon period was essentially based on the relative age given to cord-impressed patterns marked on pottery, as well as the shape of the pottery and the thickness of the cultural layers that were excavated. We aimed to correlate the classical archaeological chronology with calibrated radiocarbon dates, to posit a new chronology for the Jomon period in northeastern Japan. We calibrated 80 accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS) 14C dates from NE Japan and reconstructed a chronological timetable for Hokkaido and the Tohoku District. We collected 43 samples from 5 shellmounds and 2 archaeological sites on Hokkaido Island and 4 shellmounds in the Tohoku District in order to determine the calibrated age of their sites. ΔR values used on Hokkaido Island and the Tohoku District were between 282 and –158 yr and between ±0 and –40 yr, respectively. The large ΔR value for the eastern part of Hokkaido Island indicates the influence of the Oyashio Current, while an anomalous ΔR value was obtained from northern Hokkaido Island. These figures show larger apparent ΔR values than those from southwest Japan (Nakamura et al. 2007). The calibrated Jomon period in the investigated area was from 2000 to 200 yr younger than the previous chronology. Calibrated 14C ages of the shellmounds investigated ranged between ∼6000 and 3000 yr, correlating to the Early Jomon and Final Jomon periods as indicated by the former archaeological chronology of Honshu Island.
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Lukin, A., and I. Denisov. "Russia and the Conception of “Pivot to Asia”." Journal of International Analytics, no. 1 (March 28, 2015): 194–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.46272/2587-8476-2015-0-1-194-203.
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The article deals with the pivot to Asia started in the USA in 2011, now becoming a part of US military strategy. Asian-Pacific region will be playing increasingly important role in securing of political, economic and defence interests of the USA seeking to consolidate world order based on “American leadership from the position of strength” – which is the main principle of New National Security Strategy. Pivot to Asia is understood as modernization and reinforcement of traditional “security alliances”. The old policy of “deterrence” of China as main geopolitical competitor is still being pursued.Military presence of the USA on Japanese islands is used for rearmament of Japanese self-defence forces. New bilateral treaty is being prepared, thus creating the possibility of joint actions of armed forces of Japan and US on the territories in- and outside Pacific region. Threat for North Korea is used as a good pretext for build-up of US military forces and deployment of THAAD complexes on the territory of South Korea. China and Russia express same attitude in this respect regarding THAAD as an instrument for increase tension in the region. Defence co-operation between Australia and US has incentives for development as well as limitations: Australia is not sure US are able to fulfill its obligations in case of crisis and at the same time economic co-operation with Beijing is of crucial interest for Australia. The involvement of Philippines in the territorial dispute with China made possible for US to strengthen cooperation in the sphere of defence. After power shift in Thailand military cooperation with US stopped. Seeking new partners in the region, US is lifting embargo to supply of weapons to Vietnam and gradually unfreezing relations with Myanmar. US moves in SEA can be regarded as reaction to Chinese promotion of “Maritime silk route of the 21st century” concept. Relations with India are viewed in the USA as means of deterrence of China ambitions and competition with Russia in military co-operation.The article contains practical recommendations how Russia should act when purpose of increasing its influence in the region is on the agenda.
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Yumoto, Isao, Kikue Hirota, Yoshinobu Nodasaka, Yuji Yokota, Tamotsu Hoshino, and Kenji Nakajima. "Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov., a psychrotolerant obligate alkaliphile that reduces an indigo dye." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 54, no. 6 (November 1, 2004): 2379–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijs.0.63130-0.
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A psychrotolerant, obligately alkaliphilic bacterium, IDR2-2T, which is able to reduce indigo dye was isolated from a fermented polygonum indigo (Polygonum tinctorium Lour.) produced in Date, Hokkaido, using a traditional Japanese method. The isolate grew at pH 9–12 but not at pH 7–8. It was a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, straight rod-shaped bacterium with peritrichous flagella. The isolate grew in 0–17 % (w/v) NaCl but not at NaCl concentrations higher than 18 % (w/v). Its major cellular fatty acids were C14 : 0, C16 : 0, C16 : 19c and C18 : 19c, and its DNA G+C content was 40·6 mol%. dl-lactic acid was the major end-product from d-glucose. No quinones could be detected. The peptidoglycan type was A4β, Orn–d-Glu. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data indicated that strain IDR2-2T is a member of the genus Alkalibacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization revealed low relatedness (less than 25 %) between the isolate and two phylogenetically related strains, Alkalibacterium olivapovliticus and Marinilactibacillus psychrotolerans. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic data and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a novel species, for which the name Alkalibacterium psychrotolerans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IDR2-2T (=JCM 12281T=NCIMB 13981T).
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Tominaga, Osamu, Noriaki Uno, and Tadahisa Seikai. "Influence of diet shift from formulated feed to live mysids on the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratio (δ 13C and δ 15N) in dorsal muscles of juvenile Japanese flounders, Paralichthys olivaceus." Aquaculture 218, no. 1-4 (March 2003): 265–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(02)00496-9.
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Iwasaki, Atsushi, Takayuki Saitoh, Chiaki Ushie, Norihiko Moriyama, Tomonori Takani, Hikaru Hattori, Hiroshi Handa, et al. "Polymorphisms of IL-10, IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-18 Affect the Clinical Features of Multiple Myeloma in Japanese Patients." Blood 120, no. 21 (November 16, 2012): 4972. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v120.21.4972.4972.
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Abstract Abstract 4972 Background: The growth of plasma cells in multiple myeloma (MM) is dependent on a complex interplay among various cytokines, adhesion molecules and other factors in the tumor microenvironment. Several cytokines, including Interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10 and IL-17 have been shown to promote myeloma cell growth in vitro. Furthermore, several investigators have shown the increase in levels of serum IL-6, IL-10, IL-17, and IL-18 in MM patients compared with healthy donors. Although many studies have shown that the dysregulation of these cytokines can be associated with MM development, there are a few reports showing the influence of polymorphisms in cytokine genes on the risk of MM. We examined the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of these cytokines: IL-10 (rs1800870 − 1082 A/G, rs1800871 − 819 T/C, and rs1800872 − 592 A/C), IL-17A (rs2275913, −197G/A), IL-17F (rs763780, 7488 T/C), and IL-18(rs187238 −137G/C and rs1946518 −607 A/C) in MM patients, and analyzed the relationship between these SNPs and the susceptibility and clinical features. Patients and Methods: Ninety three patients [age range, 35–83 years; male/female 44/49; Durie and Salmon stage I (n=8), stage II (n=22), stage III (n=61), unknown (n=2); International staging system (ISS) 1 (n=21), 2 (n=21), 3 (n=29), unknown (n=22); IgG (n=55), IgA (n=15), IgD (n=2), non-secretory(n=3), Bence Jones(n=18)] with MM and 192 healthy race- and sex-matched healthy controls were examined. Genomic DNA was isolated from peripheral blood using the DNA extraction Kit. Genotyping of IL-10, IL-17A, and IL-17F polymorphisms were determined by the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and the genotyping of the IL-18 polymorphism was determined by the allelic specific polymerase chain reaction technique. Genotype and allele frequencies were compared between the study groups using Χ2-test. The characteristics and laboratory features of MM patients with each polymorphisms were compared using Χ2-tests and student t-tests. The Kaplan-Meier method was used in the calculation of overall survival (OS). OS were compared with the log-rank test. Probability values <0. 05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Genotype and allele frequencies of cytokines in MM patients and the control: The frequencies of genotypes of cytokines in patients with MM were as follows: AA 92. 5% and AG 7. 5% for IL-10–1082; TT 43%, TC 48. 4% and CC 8. 6% for IL-10–819; AA 43%, AC 48. 4% and CC 8. 6% for IL-10–592; AA 19. 4%, AG 40. 9% and GG 39. 8% for IL-17A-197; TT 82. 8% and TC 17. 2% for IL-17F; GG 65. 6%, GC 26. 9% and CC 7. 5% for IL-18–137; AA 35. 5%, AC 47. 3% and CC 17. 2% for IL-18–607 loci. No significant differences were observed in the allele or genotype frequencies of IL-10 and IL-17F polymorphisms between MM patients and the control group. However, patients with MM had a significantly higher frequency of the IL-18–137 CC genotype compared to the control group (7. 5% vs. 2. 2%, P<0. 05). The number of IL-18–137 C alleles among the patients with MM was also higher than in the control group (21% vs. 13. 3%, p<0. 05). Furthermore, MM patients had a significantly lower frequency of the IL-17A A/G genotype compared to the control group (40. 9% vs. 58. 7%, P<0. 01). Patients' characteristics according to cytokine polymorphisms: IL-10 592 CC genotype (high producer type) was significantly associated with advanced ISS (P=0. 03) and higher β2 microglobulin level (CC vs non CC; 9. 81±4. 78 g/dL vs. 5. 27±3. 27g/dL, p<0. 05). IL-17A-197 AA genotype (high producer type) was also significantly associated with higher bone scale (66. 6% vs 44%, p=0. 05). IL-18–137 CC or GC genotype was significantly associated with advanced ISS (P<0. 05) and lower hemoglobin level (8. 8±2. 6 mg/dL vs. 9. 9±2. 4 mg/dL, p=0. 04). Although there was no significant difference in overall survival of IL17 A, IL-17F and IL-18 polymorphisms, patients with IL-10–592 CC or IL-18–607 AA genotype showedtendency to more unfavorable survival (p=0. 07). A multivariate analysis using cox proportional hazard model demonstrated that Bence Jones protein (p=0. 001), ISS stage III (p<0. 05), the use of new drugs (p=0. 001), IL-10–592CC genotype (P=0. 005) and IL-17 AA (P=0. 00001) were independent adverse prognostic factors. Conclusion: These results indicate that cytokine polymorphisms, including IL-10, IL-17 and IL-18, are associated with prevalence and clinical feature of MM in Japanese patients. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Otera, Masako, Yuichi Wada, Barbara L. Wheeler, and Masayoshi Ichie. "Expected Effects of Listening to Music Among Japanese and American College Students." Music and Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 31, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.47513/mmd.v7i1.294.
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This study investigated the effects that people expect when listening to their preferred, familiar, and nostalgic music. One hundred and ninety-two college students (114 Japanese, 78 American) took part in the study. Two questionnaires, Expected Effects of Music Listening Inventory (EEMLI) and General Affective Scale (GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000), with 24 questions each, were administered. Participants were asked to indicate three pieces of music, one that was preferred, one that was familiar, and one that was nostalgic, and to rate their cognitive, emotional, and behavioral responses when listening to each piece on a fourpoint scale. The results showed overall greater responses to preferred music than for other types of music, and participants’ cultural background interacted with music types, which seemed to influence the results. Compared with the Japanese students, American students tended to highly value preferred music for mood management, identity expression, and reminiscence, while the responses of the Japanese students were dependent upon the type of music. Clinical applications of the results are discussed. Spanish Efectos Esperables de la Escucha Musical Entre Alumnos de Nivel Terciario Japoneses y AmericanosEste estudio investigó los efectos que las personas esperan cuando escuchan su música favorita, familiar y nostálgica. Ciento noventa y dos estudiantes de nivel terciario (114 japoneses, 78 americanos) participaron de este estudio. Se administraron dos cuestionarios, Inventario de Efectos Esperables de la Escucha Musical (EEMLI) y la Escala Afectiva General (GAS; Ogawa y cols., 2000), con 24 preguntas cada uno. Se les pidió a los participantes que indicaran tres piezas musicales, una que fuese favorita, una que les fuese familiar, y otra que les resultara nostálgica, y que puntuaran sus respuestas cognitivas, emocionales y conductuales durante la escucha de cada pieza en una escala de cuatro puntos. Los resultados mostraron en general mayores respuestas al tipo música preferida que para los otros tipos de música, y que el background cultural de los participantes interactuó con los tipos de música, lo cual parece influenciar los resultados. Comparados con los estudiantes Japoneses, los estudiantes Americanos tendieron a dar puntajes elevados a la música favorita para manejo del estado de ánimo, expresión de identidad y reminiscencia, mientras que las respuestas de los alumnos Japoneses dependieron del tipo de música. Se discuten aplicaciones clínicas de los resultados. Chinese本研究在調查當人們聆聽他們偏好的音樂與懷念的音樂時所期望帶來的效果。共有一百九十二位大專學生參與本研究案(包含114位日本人78位美國人)。研究使用兩種問卷工具─音樂聆聽預期效果量表(EEMLI)及整體情感量表(GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000) ，各包含24道問題。 受試者要指出三首曲子，一首自己偏好的歌，一首熟悉的歌，以及一首懷舊的歌，並根據聆聽歌曲時的認知、情緒及行為反應在四點量表上評分。結果顯示，聆聽個人偏好的音樂時整體反應較佳，而受試者的文化背景與音樂類型似乎交互作用而影響評分結果。與日本學生相較，美國學生傾向於高度評價自己偏好的音樂對情緒管理、表達個性及懷念鄉愁所帶來的影響力，而日本學生的回應則是依據音樂的類型作出評價。文中亦討論研究結果在臨床應用上的意義。 German:Erwartete Effekte beim Musikhören bei japanischen und amerikanischen College-StudentenDiese Studie untersuchte die Effekte, die Menschen beim Hören ihrer bevorzugten, bekannten und nostalgischen Musik erwarten. 192 College-Studenten (114 Japaner, 78 Amerikaner) nahmen an der Studie teil. Dazu wurden zwei Fragebögen: Expected Effects of Music Listening Inventory (EEMLI) und die General Affective Scale (GAS; Ogawa et al., 2000) mit je 24 Fragen ausgegeben. Die Teilnehmer wurden gebeten, drei Musikstücke zu benennen: ein bevorzugtes, ein bekanntes und ein nostalgisches – und auf einer 4-Punkt-Skala ihre kognitiven, emotionalen und verhaltensgesteuerten Antworten auf jedes dieser Stücke anzugeben. Die Ergebnisse zeigten übereinstimmend größere Werte bei bevorzugter Musik gegenüber den anderen Arten von Musik. Der kulturelle Hintergrund der Teilnehmer beeinflusst die Art der Musik, was die Ergebnisse zu beeinflussen scheint.Verglichen mit den japanischen Studenten tendieren die amerikanischen Studenten dazu, ihre bevorzugte Musik im Zusammenhang mit der Beeinflussung ihrer Stimmungslage, dem Ausdruck ihrer Identität und Lebenserinnerungen extrem hoch zu bewerten, während die Antworten der japanischen Studenten von der Art der Musik abhängig sind. Die klinische Anwendung dieser Ergebnisse wird diskutiert.Japanese:日本人とアメリカ人大学生の間で予想される音楽観賞の影響抄録この研究では、人々が、好みの音楽、聞き慣れた音楽、ノスタルジックな音楽を聴く時に、彼等が予想する自己への影響について調査した。192人の大学生（日本人114人、アメリカ人78人）が研究に参加した。それぞれ24の質問を含む２つの質問表、「音楽鑑賞の期待される影響項目表（EEMLI）」と「一般感情尺度（GAS;Ogawa et al., 2000）」を用いて施行された。参加者は、好みの曲、聞き慣れた曲、そしてノスタルジックな曲の３つを示すこと、そして各々の曲を聴いた時の認知、感情、行動の反応を4段階スケール上で評価することを依頼された。結果は、 好みの音楽が他のタイプの音楽よりも全体的に大きな反応を示し、参加者の文化的背景は音楽のタイプに作用し、それは結果に影響しているようであった。日本の学生の反応が音楽のタイプによって左右されることに比較して、アメリカ人学生は好みの音楽を、気分の操作、自己表現、回想のために高く評価する傾向があった。結果の臨床応用は考察されている。Korean:일본 및 미국 대학생들이 음악 감상에 대해 갖는 기대효과초록본 연구는 참여자들이 선호하는, 친근한 또는 향수를 불러 일으키는 음악감상에 대해 어떤 효과들을 기대하는지에 대해 조사하였다. 총 192명의 대학생들이 (일본인 학생 114명, 미국인 학생 78명) 본 연구에 참여하였다. 각각 24문항으로 이루어진 음악감상 기대효과 조사지 (EEMLI)와 일반적 정서척도지 (GAS)를 이용하여 설문을 시행하였다. 참여자들은 선호하는, 친근한, 또는 향수를 불러 일으키는 음악, 이렇게 세 곡을 선택하였고 각 곡과 관련하여 자신들의 인지적, 정서적 및 행동적 반응에 대해 4점 척도를 이용하여 평가하였다. 참여자들은 선호하는 음악 감상 시 전반적으로 보다 높은 반응들이 나올 것이라 예상하였다. 참여자의 문화적 경험은 음악의 유형과 상호작용 관계임을 나타냈고 이는 연구 결과에도 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 미국인 학생들은 선호하는 음악이 무드조절, 정체성의 표현과 회상에 더욱 큰 반응을 불러일으킨다고 보고한 반면 일본인 학생들의 반응들은 각 음악의 유형에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구 결과의 임상적 의미에 대한 논의를 포함한다.
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Bragina, E. A. "India – Africa: Trade and Investments in the XXI Century." Outlines of global transformations: politics, economics, law 11, no. 5 (December 3, 2018): 182–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.23932/2542-0240-2018-11-5-182-199.
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In article commercial relations and investment streams between India and the countries of Africa in the conditions of globalization of the XXI century are considered. Scales and filling of their economic interaction are significantly differ, determined by the level of development of national economy and features of external demand for the made production. High need of the countries of Africa for inflow of foreign investments, especially taking into account strong lag of most of them in development of own research and development remains. In intercontinental communications o f Africa the high activity is characteristic of India which government in 2002 has adopted the program “In focus Africa”, aimed at continuous development of economic contacts with the countries of the continent. The considerable share in their GDP of the shadow sector remains essential negative feature of economic structures of the countries of Africa and India. It not only complicates adequate assessment of the economic processes happening in these countries, but also has an adverse effect on efficiency of the state institutes. It was designated, though uneven on scales, formation of the middle class and, as a result, new types of consumption, demand and their proliferation. Respectively, their domestic markets increase and differentiated that increases interest in access to them for foreign exporters and investors. Special importance is represented by economic policy of India in the relations with the countries of Africa, including with use of “soft power” for further expansion of the positions. The main forms of economic relations of India and the countries of Africa, the growing activity of large business structures, the top-level annual economic summits are considered. In export of the African countries to India the high share of raw materials, first of all agricultural and also hydrocarbons steadily remains. The share of the African oil in the general import of India in 2016 has made 15%. Along with traditional presence in the African and South Asian markets of the leading countries of the West, economic influence of China as exporter and investor amplifies. Influence of the Japanese and South Korean capitals grows in competition for the African markets. In February, 2018 the countries of Africa have agreed about creation of the common market. Such prospect will significantly aggravate the competition for economic positions in trade and investments with the countries of African continent.
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Brady, Allison M., Brady L. Spencer, Ann R. Falsey, and Moon H. Nahm. "Blood Collection Tubes Influence Serum Ficolin-1 and Ficolin-2 Levels." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 1 (October 30, 2013): 51–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00607-13.
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ABSTRACTThe ficolins are members of a recently discovered family of host innate opsonins that can activate the lectin pathway of complement. The ficolins bind many ligands, although they are typically described as binding acetylated sugars. Ficolin-1 (M-ficolin) and ficolin-2 (L-ficolin) are known to bindStreptococcus pneumoniaeserotypes 19C and 11A, respectively. While studying the binding of ficolins to pneumococci, we found variations in ficolin-2 binding among serum samples collected in different types of blood collection tubes. Plastic tubes, which contain a silica clot activator, yielded sera with reduced ficolin-2 binding and apparent ficolin-2 levels. We found that the silica clot activator eluted from plastic red-top tubes inhibited ficolin-2 ligand binding, while other related proteins, like mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and ficolin-1, were not affected. These tube types did not affect the concentrations of other related opsonins (C1q, MBL, or ficolin-3 [H-ficolin]). Interestingly, we also found that ficolin-1 levels were increased 2- to 3-fold in plastic serum separator tubes compared to the increases in other tube types. These findings have implications for future ficolin-1 and ficolin-2 studies, as proper sample collection and handling are essential.
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Northwood, Barbara M. "The influence of Japanese popular culture on learning Japanese." East Asian Journal of Popular Culture 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2018): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/eapc.4.2.189_1.
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Bertova, Anna D. "Philosophical Ideas of Yanaihara Tadao:Nationalism, Pacifism and the Concept of the “Just War”." Voprosy Filosofii, no. 2 (2021): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.21146/0042-8744-2021-2-187-197.
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Prominent Japanese economist, specialist in colonial politics, a professor of Imperial Tokyo University, Yanaihara Tadao (1893‒1961) was one of a few people who dared to oppose the aggressive policy of Japanese government before and during the Second World War. He developed his own view of patriotism and nationalism, regarding as a true patriot a person who wished for the moral development of his or her country and fought the injustice. In the years leading up to the war he stated the necessity of pacifism, calling every war evil in the ultimate, divine sense, developing at the same time the concept of the «just war» (gisenron), which can be considered good seen from the point of view of this, imperfect life. Yanaihara’s theory of pacifism is, on one hand, the continuation of the one proposed by his spiritual teacher, the founder of the Non-Church movement, Uchimura Kanzo (1861‒1930); one the other hand, being a person of different historical period, directly witnessing the boundless spread of Japanese militarism and enormous hardships brought by the war, Yanaihara introduced a number of corrections to the idealistic theory of his teacher and proposed quite a specific explanation of the international situation and the state of affairs in Japan. Yanaihara’s philosophical concepts influenced greatly both his contemporaries and successors of the pacifist ideas in postwar Japan, and contributed to the discussion about interrelations of pacifism and patriotism, and also patriotism and religion.
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Tanimoto, Tetsuya, Naoko Murashige, Yasuo Oshima, Akiko Hori, Yuko Kodama, Tomoko Matsumura, and Masahiro Kami. "Clinical Consequences of Disseminating the Bortezomib Postmarketing Safety Alerts In Japan." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 2572. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.2572.2572.
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Abstract Abstract 2572 Backgroud: In Japan, bortezomib (Velcade; Janssen Pharmaceutical Corporation, Tokyo, Japan) was approved on October 2006 for relapsed or refractory multiple myeloma, and sales began on the open market in December 2006. The approval process clarified potential risk for interstitial lung disease (ILD) among bortezomib-treated Japanese patients as we reported before (Blood 2006; 107:3492–4, Lancet Oncol 2008; 9:414–5). By 2007, various safety alerts were widely disseminated through the responsible pharmaceutical company, the media, the academic societies and the regulatory authority of Japan (Pharmaceuticals and Medical Devices Agency, PMDA) concerning the potential ILD risk of bortezomib (J Clin Oncol 2008; 26:5820–3). In this study, we investigated whether notification of patients and providers about these safety alerts influenced the clinical outcomes after bortezomib therapy in Japan. Methods: We reviewed all bortezomib-related adverse drug reaction (ADR) reports available from open source database of PMDA from December 2006 to December 2009. The indication of bortezomib remained unchanged in this period. We compared the number of reported cases and their outcomes between the early postmarketing period (from December 2006 to December 2007) and the late period after the dissemination of the safety alerts concerning ILD (from January 2008 to December 2009). Results: In the study period, 419 ADR cases were identified after bortezomib therapy. The proportion of ILD to any ADR was 25.0% (9 of the 36 cases) in December 2006, 8.3% (13 of the 156 cases) in 2007, 12.0% (17 of the 142 cases) in 2008 and 7.1% (6 of the 85 cases) in 2009 (Table 1). When we compared the early postmarketing period before the safety alerts and the late period after the safety alerts, the death proportion of the cases with any ADRs seemed similar. Forty of the 192 cases (20.8%) died in the early period and 47 of the 227 cases (20.7%) in the late period. On the other hand, the death proportion among ILD cases appeared to decrease remarkably (Table 2). Nine of the 22 ILD cases (40.9%) died in the early period and 1 of the 23 ILD cases (4.3%) died in the late period (p=0.004, Fisher's exact test). Conclusions: Notification of patients and providers about the safety alerts appeared to influence the clinical practice and to improve proportion of fatal outcomes for bortezomib-treated ILD patients. This study illusrates the importance of communicating drug safety information to the public. Disclosure: Oshima: Sanofi-Aventis: Employment.
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Hiroshi, Imai. "British Influence on Modern Japanese Historiography." Saeculum 38, no. 1 (March 1987): 99–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.7788/saeculum.1987.38.1.99.
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Rees, Julie. "Desire: The Influence of Japanese Manga." International Journal of Critical Cultural Studies 10, no. 4 (2013): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.18848/2327-0055/cgp/v10i04/58276.
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Maeda, Naoki. "Influence of Kotodamaism on Japanese Journalism." Media, Culture & Society 25, no. 6 (November 2003): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0163443703256003.
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Kukita, Atsushi. "Dr Fitzpatrick's Influence in Japanese Dermatology." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 122, no. 2 (February 2004): xvi—xvii. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1747.2003.22250.x.
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Yamaguchi, H., T. Hishinuma, N. Endo, H. Tsukamoto, Y. Kishikawa, M. Sato, Y. Murai, et al. "Genetic variation in ABCB1 influences paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in Japanese patients with ovarian cancer." International Journal of Gynecologic Cancer 16, no. 3 (2006): 979–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ijgc-00009577-200605000-00004.
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Paclitaxel, an antineoplastic agent used for the treatment of ovarian cancer, is metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP)3A4 and CYP2C8 and is excreted from cells by ATP-binding cassette (ABCB1) (multi-drug resistance [MDR1], P-glycoprotein). Expression of these proteins is regulated by pregnane X receptor (PXR). Although there are common genetic polymorphisms in the genes encoding these proteins, their effect on the clinical efficacy of paclitaxel is unclear. We therefore examined the relationship of the paclitaxel pharmacokinetics in 13 patients with ovarian cancer to polymorphisms in CYP2C8, CYP3A5, ABCB1, and PXR. We found high interindividual variability in the plasma concentrations of two metabolites, 6α-hydroxypaclitaxel and p-3′-hydroxypaclitaxel. All the patients were genotyped as CYP2C8*1/*1. Neither the CYP3A5 A6986G (CYP3A5*3) nor the PXR C-25385T alleles were associated with altered plasma concentrations of paclitaxel and its metabolites. ABCB1 T-129C, T1236C, and G2677(A,T), however, was associated with lower area under the plasma concentration–time curve (AUC) of paclitaxel. We also observed a significant correlation between the AUC (r = −0.721) or the total clearance of paclitaxel (CLtot) (r = 0.673) and the ABCB1 mutant allele dosage in each patient. Taken together, our findings suggest that interindividual variability in paclitaxel pharmacokinetics could be predicted by ABCB1 genotyping.
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Sato, Yoshinobu, and Mark E. Parry. "The influence of the Japanese tea ceremony on Japanese restaurant hospitality." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 7 (November 9, 2015): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-09-2014-1142.
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Purpose – Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer’s determination of value and control of the value creation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend these discussions by exploring the value creation process in the Japanese tea ceremony and in the kaiseki ryori style of Japanese cuisine, which is based on the Japanese tea ceremony. Design/methodology/approach – A historical analysis is used to describe the history of the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan and its influence on Japanese culture. key principles underlying the Japanese tea ceremony and their relationship to Zen Buddhism are summarized and the ways in which these principles are reflected in the service provided by Japanese restaurants are explored. Findings – The two elite restaurants examined in this analysis have designed their service experience to reflect four principles of the tea ceremony: the expression of seasonal feelings, the use of everyday items, ritualized social interactions, and the equality of host and guest. Given these principles, we argue that the tea ceremony and restaurants based on this ceremony imply a co-creation process that is different in three important ways from the process discussed in the co-creation literature. First, the tea ceremony involves dual experiential-value-creation processes. Both the master and the customer experience value-in-use during the delivery of kaiseki cuisine, and the value-in-use each receives is critically dependent on that received by the other. Second, the degree to which value-in-use is created for both parties (the customer and the master) depends on the master’s customization of the service experience based on his knowledge of the customer and that customer’s with the tea ceremony, kaiseki ryori cuisine and Japanese culture. Research limitations/implications – We hypothesize that the dual experiential-value-creation model is potentially relevant whenever the service process contains an element of artistic creation. Potential examples include concerts, recitals, theatre performances and art exhibitions, as well as more mundane situations in which the service provider derives value-in-use from aesthetic appreciations of the service provider’s art. Originality/value – Recent discussions of value co-creation argue that the customer controls the value creation process and the determination of value. The authors argue that the tea ceremony can serve as a metaphor for value co-creation in service contexts where the customer’s value creation process depends on the creation of value-in-use by the service provider.
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Perera, Chamila Roshani, and Chandana Hewege. "Elderly consumers’ sensitivity to corporate social performance." Social Responsibility Journal 12, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 786–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2016-0039.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the Japanese elderly consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance (CSP) and how this sensitivity influences their everyday consumption. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a mixed method research approach, which was organised into two sequential stages: a survey (N = 199) and two focus group investigations (N = 16). Findings The study found that married, aged and high-income-earning consumers who have a higher media exposure to CSP information show high sensitivity towards CSP. The focus groups revealed that the elderly consumers have a myopic view of CSP which is subjected to context-specific factors relating to CSP of Japanese firms. Showing a high level of tolerance towards the firms with adverse CSP records, the elderly consumers tend to make their consumption decisions based on personal benefits, as opposed to CSP records of the firms. The focus groups’ findings are organised into four thematic categories. Practical implications The study highlights the predictability of consumer sensitivity to CSP using demographic factors. The practitioners targeting elderly consumers using CSP programmes should design them with a focus on social issues, including gender equality, employment opportunities for the disabled and new employment opportunities, as they constitute CSP sensitivities among elderly consumers. Originality/value Studies on consumers’ perceptions towards CSP in Japan are scarce. Specifically, studies aimed at the elderly consumer segment of the Japanese society are limited. Therefore, this study endeavours to bridge this gap by exploring the Japanese elderly consumer sensitivity to CSP and its role in everyday consumption practices.
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Lauwereyns, Johan, Masamichi Sakagami, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Masashi Koizumi, and Okihide Hikosaka. "Responses to Task-Irrelevant Visual Features by Primate Prefrontal Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 2001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.2001.
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The primate brain is equipped with prefrontal circuits for interpreting visual information, but how these circuits deal with competing stimulus-response (S-R) associations remains unknown. Here we show different types of responses to task-irrelevant visual features in three functionally dissociated groups of primate prefrontal neurons. Two Japanese macaques participated in a go/no-go task in which they had to discriminate either the color or the motion direction of a visual target to make a correct manual response. Prior to the experiment, the monkeys had been trained extensively so that they acquired fixed associations between visual features and required responses (e.g., “green = go”; “downward motion = no-go”). In this design, the monkey was confronted with a visual target from which it had to extract relevant information (e.g., color in the color-discrimination condition) while ignoring irrelevant information (e.g., motion direction in the color-discrimination condition). We recorded from 436 task-related prefrontal neurons while the monkey performed the multidimensional go/no-go task: 139 (32%) neurons showed go/no-go discrimination based on color as well as motion direction (“integration cells”); 192 neurons (44%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on color (“color-feature cells”); and 105 neurons (24%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on motion direction (“motion-feature cells”). Overall, however, 162 neurons (37%) were influenced by irrelevant information: 53 neurons (38%) among integration cells, 71 neurons (37%) among color-feature cells, and 38 neurons (36%) among motion-feature cells. Across all types of neurons, the response to an irrelevant feature was positively correlated with the response to the same feature when it was relevant, indicating that the influence from irrelevant information is a residual from S-R associations that are relevant in a different context. Temporal and anatomical differences among integration, color-feature and motion-feature cells suggested a sequential mode of information processing in prefrontal cortex, with integration cells situated toward the output of the decision-making process. In these cells, the response to irrelevant information appears as a congruency effect, with better go/no-go discrimination when both the relevant and irrelevant feature are associated with the same response than when they are associated with different responses. This congruency effect could be the result of the combined input from color- and motion-feature cells. Thus these data suggest that irrelevant features lead to partial activation of neurons even toward the output of the decision-making process in primate prefrontal cortex.
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Tahara, Tomomitsu, Tomiyasu Arisawa, Fangyu Wang, Tomoyuki Shibata, Masakatsu Nakamura, Mikijyu Sakata, Ichiro Hirata, and Hiroshi Nakano. "Toll-like receptor 2 ?196 to 174del polymorphism influences the susceptibility of Japanese people to gastric cancer." Cancer Science 98, no. 11 (November 2007): 1790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2007.00590.x.
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Lee, Angela Hao-Chun. "The Influence of Japanese Music Education in Taiwan during the Japanese Protectorate." Journal of Historical Research in Music Education 23, no. 2 (April 2002): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153660060202300203.
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SHIMAKURA, Daisuke. "Upward influence strategy in Japanese business organizations." Japanese Journal of Administrative Science 13, no. 3 (2000): 179–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5651/jaas.13.179.
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hanada, fujio. "Medical Influence in Early Modern Japanese Literature." Journal of Japanese Studies 52 (August 31, 2017): 9–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18841/2017.52.01.
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Matsushima, Toshio. "Rhoton and His Influence on Japanese Neurosurgery." World Neurosurgery 92 (August 2016): 608–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.032.
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Misra, A., and N. K. Srivastava. "Influence of Water Stress on Japanese Mint." Journal of Herbs, Spices & Medicinal Plants 7, no. 1 (May 26, 2000): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j044v07n01_07.
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Inoue, Nobutaka. "The Influence of Globalization on Japanese Religion." Journal of Religion in Japan 3, no. 2-3 (2014): 97–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22118349-00302002.
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The process of globalization has significantly and unprecedentedly influenced the activities, teachings, and many other aspects of religions within Japan since the 1980s. While Christian groups have been establishing churches in Japan since the nineteenth century, one now also sees various other religious groups including Muslims from a broad range of countries establishing branch churches and mosques of their own in the country. Meanwhile the many domestic modern new religions that were established during the modernization process now find themselves operating alongside even newer types of religious groups including hyper-religions. When one observes the religious life of ordinary Japanese these days, on the surface little may seem to have changed from before globalization developed in earnest. However, the pop subcultures of the younger generations have demonstrated a readiness to adopt and rearrange elements from religious and folk cultures alien to Japan even as they eschew elements from traditional folk life. The ways in which these foreign folk beliefs and their more magical elements have entered and spread in the country are often unpredictable. Thanks to globalization, the boundaries that once existed among Japanese religions—both among the traditional religions in particular and more generally throughout the religious world as a whole—are gradually dissolving.
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Robbeets, Martine. "Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in Japanese." Language Dynamics and Change 7, no. 2 (2017): 210–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105832-00702005.
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In this paper, I propose a hypothesis reconciling Austronesian influence and Transeurasian ancestry in the Japanese language, explaining the spread of the Japanic languages through farming dispersal. To this end, I identify the original speech community of the Transeurasian language family as the Neolithic Xinglongwa culture situated in the West Liao River Basin in the sixth millennium BC. I argue that the separation of the Japanic branch from the other Transeurasian languages and its spread to the Japanese Islands can be understood as occurring in connection with the dispersal of millet agriculture and its subsequent integration with rice agriculture. I further suggest that a prehistorical layer of borrowings related to rice agriculture entered Japanic from a sister language of proto-Austronesian, at a time when both language families were still situated in the Shandong-Liaodong interaction sphere.
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Miyajima, Kazuhiko. "Influence of Chinese astronomy on Japanese culture." Vistas in Astronomy 31 (1988): 805–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0083-6656(88)90310-8.
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Ichikawa, Nobuko, Michael A. Cusumano, and Karen R. Polenske. "Japanese investment and influence in Thai development." Technology in Society 13, no. 4 (1991): 447–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0160-791x(91)90046-y.
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Hattori, Yukako, Naoto Tomita, Taisei Suzuki, Yasufumi Ishiyama, Kumiko Kishimoto, Satoshi Koyama, Hiroyuki Takahashi, et al. "Effect of High Body Mass Index on the Prognosis of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma." Blood 124, no. 21 (December 6, 2014): 5368. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.5368.5368.
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Abstract Background Obesity has been pointed out as one of the risk factors for the development in several neoplastic diseases including malignant lymphoma. However the impact of obesity on the outcome of malignant diseases is unclear. L.Weiss et al have shown that high body mass index (BMI) is a significantly better prognostic factor in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) (Increased body mass index is associated with improved overall survival in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Annals of Oncology 2014; 25: 171-176.). We evaluated this hypothesis in Japanese patients with DLBCL. Patients and Methods We analyzed 338 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL who received full-dose (80% or more of the prescribed dose) R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone) between April 2003 and December 2009 across 7 institutes. Patients of all stages were treated 6 or 8 cycles of full-dose R-CHOP therapy. All the patients were classified into 2 groups: high BMI (≥25 kg/m2 ) or low BMI (<25 kg/m2). Results The median patient age was 65 years (19–80 years); 192 were men and 146 were women. The median BMI was 22.9 kg/m2 (14.1–40.4 kg/m2); 66 patients (19.5%) were in the high BMI group (median, 27.4 kg/m2) and 272 (80.5%) were in the low BMI group (median, 21.6 kg/m2). The median follow-up of patients who were alive (n = 271) was 67.5 months (12.6–121.8 months). The 5-year progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) of the high versus low BMI groups were 63.9% versus 74.0% (P = 0.196) and 77.2% versus 84.2% (P = 0.230), respectively (Figure1,2). Multivariate analysis considering the sex, International Prognostic Index, B symptoms, bulky mass, and BMI showed that high BMI (≥25 kg/m2) was a significant adverse prognostic factor for both OS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.906; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.08-3.376; P = 0.027) and PFS (HR, 1.710; 95% CI, 1.054-2.774; P = 0.030). Conclusion The results of our study indicated that high BMI was an adverse prognostic factor of DLBCL. It is necessary to investigate BMI and its influence on patient background or treatment in much more cases. Figure 1 Figure 1. Figure 2 Figure 2. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Hiraki, Takato, Akitoshi Ito, Darius A. Spieth, and Naoya Takezawa. "How Did Japanese Investments Influence International Art Prices?" Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis 44, no. 6 (October 8, 2009): 1489–514. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022109009990366.
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AbstractWe test the luxury consumption hypothesis of Ait-Sahalia, Parker, and Yogo (2004), using a unique international art price, import/export flow, and stock market data set. We find that the demand for art by Japanese collectors is positively correlated with art prices and Japanese stock prices. This correlation is magnified during the “bubble period” of the Japanese economy (the mid-1980s to the early 1990s) and gains even further strength for works of art typically favored by Japanese collectors. Our results suggest that Japanese investors (or Japanese asset markets) indeed affect international art prices—especially during the bubble period and its aftermath.
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Gudykunst, William B., Tsukasa Nishida, Hirokos Koike, and Nobuo Shiino. "The Influence of Language on Uncertainty Reduction: An Exploratory Study of Japanese-Japanese and Japanese-North American Interactions." Annals of the International Communication Association 9, no. 1 (January 1986): 555–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23808985.1986.11678624.
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Kino, Kazuyo. "Japanese anger expression styles and their interpersonal influence." Japanese journal of psychology 70, no. 6 (2000): 494–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.70.494.
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BESSHO, Hiroatsu. "The influence of “Shingonshu Miketsumon” upon Japanese Tendai." Journal of Research Society of Buddhism and Cultural Heritage 2012, no. 21 (2012): 50–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.5845/bukkyobunka.2012.21_50.
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Izumi, Yoshio, and Kazuo Isozumi. "Modern Japanese medical history and the European influence." Keio Journal of Medicine 50, no. 2 (2001): 91–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2302/kjm.50.91.
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NAKAMURA, Hajime. "Indirect Influence of Sankara's Philosophy on Japanese Thought." Nippon Gakushiin kiyo 43, no. 3 (1989): 123–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2183/tja1948.43.123.
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Haferkamp, Marshall R., R. K. Heitschmidt, and Michael G. Karl. "Influence of Japanese Brome on Western Wheatgrass Yield." Journal of Range Management 50, no. 1 (January 1997): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4002704.
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