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1
Cai, Ni Na. "Exploring the Art of Masahiro Chatani’s Architectural Origami." Applied Mechanics and Materials 193-194 (August 2012): 1205–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.193-194.1205.
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With the rapid development of the information age, the forms of architecture diversify. Origami, the ancient type of art provides us with infinite source of inspiration. This paper is trying to analyze the beauty of line, strength and space of Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, a great Japanese artist, and elaborate the influence of origami on modern architecture. When enjoying the visual feast brought by Masahiro Chatani’s architectural origami, we can get some inspiration from it. Besides architecture, the art of origami is also applied to other modeling designs. Origami is not limited to tow-dimensional plane any more, but expands in three-dimensional space, which is the embodiment of the wisdom of human.
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Perera, Chamila Roshani, and Chandana Hewege. "Elderly consumers’ sensitivity to corporate social performance." Social Responsibility Journal 12, no. 4 (October 3, 2016): 786–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-03-2016-0039.
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Purpose This paper aims to examine the Japanese elderly consumer sensitivity to corporate social performance (CSP) and how this sensitivity influences their everyday consumption. Design/methodology/approach The authors used a mixed method research approach, which was organised into two sequential stages: a survey (N = 199) and two focus group investigations (N = 16). Findings The study found that married, aged and high-income-earning consumers who have a higher media exposure to CSP information show high sensitivity towards CSP. The focus groups revealed that the elderly consumers have a myopic view of CSP which is subjected to context-specific factors relating to CSP of Japanese firms. Showing a high level of tolerance towards the firms with adverse CSP records, the elderly consumers tend to make their consumption decisions based on personal benefits, as opposed to CSP records of the firms. The focus groups’ findings are organised into four thematic categories. Practical implications The study highlights the predictability of consumer sensitivity to CSP using demographic factors. The practitioners targeting elderly consumers using CSP programmes should design them with a focus on social issues, including gender equality, employment opportunities for the disabled and new employment opportunities, as they constitute CSP sensitivities among elderly consumers. Originality/value Studies on consumers’ perceptions towards CSP in Japan are scarce. Specifically, studies aimed at the elderly consumer segment of the Japanese society are limited. Therefore, this study endeavours to bridge this gap by exploring the Japanese elderly consumer sensitivity to CSP and its role in everyday consumption practices.
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Lauwereyns, Johan, Masamichi Sakagami, Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui, Shunsuke Kobayashi, Masashi Koizumi, and Okihide Hikosaka. "Responses to Task-Irrelevant Visual Features by Primate Prefrontal Neurons." Journal of Neurophysiology 86, no. 4 (October 1, 2001): 2001–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.2001.86.4.2001.
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The primate brain is equipped with prefrontal circuits for interpreting visual information, but how these circuits deal with competing stimulus-response (S-R) associations remains unknown. Here we show different types of responses to task-irrelevant visual features in three functionally dissociated groups of primate prefrontal neurons. Two Japanese macaques participated in a go/no-go task in which they had to discriminate either the color or the motion direction of a visual target to make a correct manual response. Prior to the experiment, the monkeys had been trained extensively so that they acquired fixed associations between visual features and required responses (e.g., “green = go”; “downward motion = no-go”). In this design, the monkey was confronted with a visual target from which it had to extract relevant information (e.g., color in the color-discrimination condition) while ignoring irrelevant information (e.g., motion direction in the color-discrimination condition). We recorded from 436 task-related prefrontal neurons while the monkey performed the multidimensional go/no-go task: 139 (32%) neurons showed go/no-go discrimination based on color as well as motion direction (“integration cells”); 192 neurons (44%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on color (“color-feature cells”); and 105 neurons (24%) showed go/no-go discrimination only based on motion direction (“motion-feature cells”). Overall, however, 162 neurons (37%) were influenced by irrelevant information: 53 neurons (38%) among integration cells, 71 neurons (37%) among color-feature cells, and 38 neurons (36%) among motion-feature cells. Across all types of neurons, the response to an irrelevant feature was positively correlated with the response to the same feature when it was relevant, indicating that the influence from irrelevant information is a residual from S-R associations that are relevant in a different context. Temporal and anatomical differences among integration, color-feature and motion-feature cells suggested a sequential mode of information processing in prefrontal cortex, with integration cells situated toward the output of the decision-making process. In these cells, the response to irrelevant information appears as a congruency effect, with better go/no-go discrimination when both the relevant and irrelevant feature are associated with the same response than when they are associated with different responses. This congruency effect could be the result of the combined input from color- and motion-feature cells. Thus these data suggest that irrelevant features lead to partial activation of neurons even toward the output of the decision-making process in primate prefrontal cortex.
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Rusinova, Elena A., and Elizaveta M. Habchuk. "The Influence of Cultural Traditions on Sound Design Techniques in Japanese Cinema. Sound Effects and Music." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 92–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik10192-105.
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For a long time, Japanese cinema has been developing separately, mastering the specifics of the new art, which came from the West, and at the same time trying to solve within its framework the problem of "national identity". However, since the 1950s, Japanese cinema has become widely known abroad and is gaining recognition in the West. The present day no one doubts the huge contribution of Japanese filmmakers to the history of world cinema. Nevertheless, the study of Japanese cinema in Russian cinema theory still remains the prerogative of a few professionals who know the Japanese language and are closely acquainted with the Japanese mentality, culture and art, which exert a great influence on the artistic features of Japanese screen art. But in order to even more imbued with the originality of the approach to creating an artistic image in Japanese cinema, it is necessary to draw attention to one of the most important components of its structure, namely, the sound aspect, insufficiently studied in film theory. The novelty of the article is that it analyzes and classifies the sound features of some Japanese movies created in the second half of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries, in which the influence of traditional culture manifests itself quite clearly, but at the same time the presence of elements of the Western musical tradition is also noticeable, which reflects to a certain extent the process of transculturalism in cinema that is actual nowadays.
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Sato, Yoshinobu, and Mark E. Parry. "The influence of the Japanese tea ceremony on Japanese restaurant hospitality." Journal of Consumer Marketing 32, no. 7 (November 9, 2015): 520–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jcm-09-2014-1142.
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Purpose – Recent discussions of value-in-use from the perspective of service dominant logic have focused on the customer’s determination of value and control of the value creation process. The purpose of this paper is to extend these discussions by exploring the value creation process in the Japanese tea ceremony and in the kaiseki ryori style of Japanese cuisine, which is based on the Japanese tea ceremony. Design/methodology/approach – A historical analysis is used to describe the history of the Japanese tea ceremony in Japan and its influence on Japanese culture. key principles underlying the Japanese tea ceremony and their relationship to Zen Buddhism are summarized and the ways in which these principles are reflected in the service provided by Japanese restaurants are explored. Findings – The two elite restaurants examined in this analysis have designed their service experience to reflect four principles of the tea ceremony: the expression of seasonal feelings, the use of everyday items, ritualized social interactions, and the equality of host and guest. Given these principles, we argue that the tea ceremony and restaurants based on this ceremony imply a co-creation process that is different in three important ways from the process discussed in the co-creation literature. First, the tea ceremony involves dual experiential-value-creation processes. Both the master and the customer experience value-in-use during the delivery of kaiseki cuisine, and the value-in-use each receives is critically dependent on that received by the other. Second, the degree to which value-in-use is created for both parties (the customer and the master) depends on the master’s customization of the service experience based on his knowledge of the customer and that customer’s with the tea ceremony, kaiseki ryori cuisine and Japanese culture. Research limitations/implications – We hypothesize that the dual experiential-value-creation model is potentially relevant whenever the service process contains an element of artistic creation. Potential examples include concerts, recitals, theatre performances and art exhibitions, as well as more mundane situations in which the service provider derives value-in-use from aesthetic appreciations of the service provider’s art. Originality/value – Recent discussions of value co-creation argue that the customer controls the value creation process and the determination of value. The authors argue that the tea ceremony can serve as a metaphor for value co-creation in service contexts where the customer’s value creation process depends on the creation of value-in-use by the service provider.
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Jung, Joo Young. "The Influence of Proportion Preference in Automotive Design: Comparison Between Japanese and German Automobiles." Korean Society for Emotion and Sensibility 21, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 91–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.14695/kjsos.2018.21.1.91.
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Sasamoto, Ryoko, Minako O’Hagan, and Stephen Doherty. "Telop, Affect, and Media Design: A Multimodal Analysis of Japanese TV Programs." Television & New Media 18, no. 5 (November 17, 2016): 427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527476416677099.
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Japanese and other Asian TV producers have been deploying multi-colored, and highly visible, intra-lingual captions on TV programs to enhance their appeal and to influence their viewers’ interpretations. The practice of adding these captions is far from innocent and is prone to abuse and overuse due to the lack of official guidelines and an evidence base. We conducted a multimodal analysis within the framework of relevance theory to provide an empirically supported insight into the way in which these captions, known as “telop” in Japan, form part of a production’s deliberate and careful media design. Our findings suggest that telop are deployed in conjunction with other communicative resources that are deliberately used to influence viewers’ interpretations, to enhance and make affective values in TV programs more explicit. The increasing use of diegetically integrated captions elsewhere further justifies the need for critical TV and new media research on telop.
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Awano, Takashi. "A study on the preservation situation and spatial characteristics of Japanese style garden built in Taiwan during the Japanese rule." Impact 2020, no. 6 (November 16, 2020): 70–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.6.70.
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Japanese well developed cultural and aesthetic styles have influenced architecture, décor and landscaping around the world. Japanese influence has been particularly marked in eastern Asian countries such as Taiwan, where the nation's colonisation efforts between 1895 and 1945 led to a trend for garden design and landscaping at the time to demonstrate strong characteristics of Japanese style. The gardens created during this time showed a unique blend of Japanese and Taiwanese influences not otherwise found in landscape architectural history. Associate Professor Takashi Awano, from the Department of Landscape Architecture Science at Tokyo University of Agriculture, leads a study that looks into the preservation status, the construction and design processes and the characteristics of land allocation and design of Japanese gardens in palaces, official residences and other key locations during the Japanese occupation of Taiwan
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Yang, Wenxing, and Ying Sun. "Do Writing Directions Influence How People Map Space onto Time?" Swiss Journal of Psychology 77, no. 4 (October 2018): 173–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1421-0185/a000215.
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Abstract. The causal role of a unidirectional orthography in shaping speakers’ mental representations of time seems to be well established by many psychological experiments. However, the question of whether bidirectional writing systems in some languages can also produce such an impact on temporal cognition remains unresolved. To address this issue, the present study focused on Japanese and Taiwanese, both of which have a similar mix of texts written horizontally from left to right (HLR) and vertically from top to bottom (VTB). Two experiments were performed which recruited Japanese and Taiwanese speakers as participants. Experiment 1 used an explicit temporal arrangement design, and Experiment 2 measured implicit space-time associations in participants along the horizontal (left/right) and the vertical (up/down) axis. Converging evidence gathered from the two experiments demonstrate that neither Japanese speakers nor Taiwanese speakers aligned their vertical representations of time with the VTB writing orientation. Along the horizontal axis, only Japanese speakers encoded elapsing time into a left-to-right linear layout, which was commensurate with the HLR writing direction. Therefore, two distinct writing orientations of a language could not bring about two coexisting mental time lines. Possible theoretical implications underlying the findings are discussed.
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Rusinova, Elena A., and Elizaveta M. Khabchuk. "The Influence of Traditions of Culture on the Techniques of Sound Directing in Japanese Cinema. Speech and Pause." Journal of Flm Arts and Film Studies 10, no. 2 (June 15, 2018): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/vgik10274-84.
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The article (the end of the publication, beginning: No 1 (35), 2018) analyzes the sound features of Japanese motion pictures created in the second half of the 20th - beginning of the 21st centuries, on the example of the speech expressiveness of screen actors. The peculiarity of the acting game for a long time was one of the obstacles to understanding and accepting Japanese films by the Western audience. The approach of Japanese film actors to taking roles was based on traditions of the theatrical performance. However, theatrical techniques organically entered the artistic structure and became distinctive features of the genre of dzidaigaki (costume-historical film), especially loved by the audience. The main vehicle in the sound design of such films was the actor's speech using an ancient language, differing from modern Japanese by the presence of additional endings and pronouns. The mode of stylization of speech, associated with a special attention to detail, brings the audience closer to the time displayed on screen, adding realism in the perception of the screen event. The article presents stylistic, phonetic, semantic features of actor's speech in Japanese films not only in costume and historical genre, but also in fantasy and animation films. In the latter two genres, the onomatopoeia (sound imaging) plays an important role in creating the sound design of the film, which is so common in Japanese colloquial and written speech that can also be attributed to a peculiar Japanese cultural tradition. Analysis of sound designs of the Japanese films, including the use of onomatopoeia, is the novelty of the work presented. The articles topicality is that analyzing another view of the world can broaden the horizon of seeing a specific creative task that is not even related to the Japanese theme, while opening up new creative opportunities. In addition, the material of the article in some extent fills a gap in Russian cinema studies, related to the theme of sound in Japanese cinema.
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Peterson, Jeff. "A Japanese pitch accent practice program and L1 influence on pitch accent acquisition." Proceedings of the Linguistic Society of America 3, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/plsa.v3i1.4276.
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Recent research has demonstrated that learners of Japanese struggle producing correct Japanese pitch accent. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effect learners’ first language (L1) may have on accent acquisition following the introduction and use of a digital Japanese Pitch Accent Learning and Practice (PALP) program in two Japanese courses. The PALP program visually and aurally presents learners with pitch patterns and requires learners to select the correct pitch accent pattern for new vocabulary. Participants’ pitch accent abilities were assessed at the beginning and end of their courses. A mixed design ANOVA was conducted to analyze the effect of learners’ L1 on pitch accent acquisition. Results evince a significant interaction effect between participant group (treatment/control) and L1 (Chinese/English), F(1, 24) = 10.09, p < .01 (η2 = .30). Specifically, English L1 participants in the treatment group considerably outperformed the control group English L1 participants. However, the Chinese L1 participants in both groups performed at approximately equal levels. These results suggest the existence of an L1 influence on pitch accent acquisition.
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Mizuta, Susumu. "Making a Mint: British Mercantile Influence and the Building of the Japanese Imperial Mint." Architectural History 62 (2019): 89–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/arh.2019.4.
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AbstractThe Japanese Imperial Mint, which began its operation producing gold and silver coins in Osaka in 1871, has come to represent the self-modernisation of Japanese architecture and society more generally, both in its industrial purpose and western classical style. This article focuses on the planning, construction and socio-spatial design of the mint to resituate the project in the context of British imperial expansion. New archival research in both Japan and Britain, enabling close analysis of overlooked drawings and documents, establishes the Japanese Imperial Mint's dependence on the transfer of men, machinery and plans from the former Hong Kong Mint, mediated and managed by the two firms Glover & Co and Jardine Matheson & Co. This article thus not only sheds new light on these two individually important buildings in colonial and imperial history, and the engineers involved, but illuminates the relationship between British colonial architecture and the activities of British merchants at the edge of empire in East Asia in the nineteenth century.
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Santos, Wellington dos, Rodrigo Garófallo Garcia, Bruna de Souza Eberhart, Jean Kaique Valentim, Felipe Cardoso Serpa, Maria Fernanda de Castro Burbarelli, Gisele Aparecida Felix, and Mônica Filomena de Assis Souza. "Influence of homeopathy on the quality of eggs of quails stored." Acta Scientiarum. Animal Sciences 43 (April 27, 2021): e52609. http://dx.doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v43i1.52609.
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This study aimed to evaluate the influence of homeopathic products in diets of quails in the egg quality when submitted to different storage periods. In the trial we used 200 Japanese quails in a completely randomized design with 4 diets: reference diet, vehicle used in homeopathic products and 2 homeopathic products - Fertsigo® and Ovosigo® with ten replicates of three eggs in each. Egg quality parameters were evaluated during 3 storage periods. Data were evaluated as repeated measures in time, the effects of the interactions between treatments and time as well as their isolated effects were verified. There was the interaction between homeopathic products and storage time in the parameters of albumen and yolk height, Haugh unit, and yolk index, in which a reduction was obtained over time. For egg weight, yolk, albumen and shell, percentage of albumen, and percentage of eggshell there was a significant effect only for homeopathy. The inclusion of homeopathic additives increased egg weight. It is indicated the addition of the product with homeopathic basis Ovosigo® and FertSigo® in diets of Japanese quails in the laying phase resulting in better egg and components but did not influence the quality maintenance of eggs of Japanese quails in the periods evaluated.
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Roquet, Paul. "A Blue Cat on the Galactic Railroad." Representations 128, no. 1 (2014): 124–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/rep.2014.128.1.124.
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In the 1980s, Japanese animation shifted its focus away from the social self and toward cosmic subjectivity, the framing of intensely personal emotions within the larger impersonal expanse of the universe. This essay examines an important moment in this shift: Night on the Galactic Railroad, anime studio Group TAC’s 1985 feature based on the classic Japanese children’s tale by Miyazawa Kenji. The film emphasizes the interpenetration of the microcosmic and macrocosmic through a range of experiments with “limited” animation, sound design, and character design that would in turn influence the imaginary worlds of later anime.
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Mishina-Mori, Satomi. "Cross-linguistic influence in the use of objects in Japanese/English simultaneous bilingual acquisition." International Journal of Bilingualism 24, no. 2 (February 14, 2019): 319–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1367006919826864.
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Aims: This study investigates whether, to what extent, and in which direction interface structure induces cross-linguistic influence (CLI) in the use of objects in Japanese/English simultaneous bilinguals. Design: Year-long observations of parent–child interactions in two two-year-olds were conducted to observe the changes taking place at the earliest stages of development. Data analysis: A total of 48 recording sessions were transcribed and coded using Computational Human Articulatory Theory conventions and were compared with mean length of utterance-matched monolingual data drawn from the CHILDES database. Findings: We report a temporary influence from Japanese to English and a mild influence from English to Japanese. Originality: This study offers evidence of CLI in object use in less-studied language pairs. Implications: The data support the interface hypothesis and further suggest that the language combination affects the intensity of influence due to the degree of the overlap. Our data also add evidence to the proposal that without language dominance, CLI occurs from the overt language to the language with null options.
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Sotome, Ryohei, and Masako Takahashi. "Does the Japanese employment system harm productivity performance?" Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 6, no. 3 (September 1, 2014): 225–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-02-2014-0031.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of employment systems on productivity performance in Japanese companies from the perspective of data envelopment analysis (DEA) and sustainable human resource management (HRM). Design/methodology/approach – In all, three employment models including employment indicators in addition to financial indicators are examined between 2006 and 2012 with 2,738 listed Japanese companies. This study verifies robustness of the results by testing multiple DEA measurements and conducting industrial analysis. Findings – The results indicate employment systems influence productivity performance in Japanese companies and the characteristics of Japanese employment systems harm productivity performance. In particular, higher liquidity of human resource is essential contrary to the philosophy of long-term employment. Furthermore, new initiatives such as promotion opportunities for women have not been successful up to now. Research limitations/implications – This study investigates limited aspects of HRM practices and employment systems in Japanese companies due to data availability. This study is designed to investigate mainly organizational outcome considering sustainability. More research is needed to identify comprehensive influence from Japanese employment system not only on corporate performance but also reduction of harm on a variety of stakeholders such as employee, community and government. Practical implications – These findings suggest that it is necessary for executives in Japanese companies to pay attention to their HRM practices under Japanese employment system, in particular, entry and exit of human resource and support systems for female employees. Originality/value – There are few studies that investigate the relationship between employment system and productivity performance in Japanese companies. This research provides empirical evidence for potential influence of the Japanese employment system.
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Kambayashi, Norio, and Harry Scarbrough. "Cultural Influences on it use Amongst Factory Managers: A UK-Japanese Comparison." Journal of Information Technology 16, no. 4 (December 2001): 221–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02683960110100409.
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This paper seeks to analyse the influence of national cultural factors on the use of information technology (IT) by managers. An analysis of the existing literature on the interplay between technology, culture and organizational context indicates that the influence of national culture needs to be carefully specified if it is to be differentiated from institutional and organizational factors. Moreover, insofar as such influence operates at all, it is subsumed within, and not exterior to, a dynamic and emergent process of interaction between technology design and organizational practices. In this light, the study presented here seeks to avoid a simplistic approach in which national culture is viewed as an exogenous force directly conditioning action, but rather posits such influence as a critical element of the wider context which enframes action. These considerations were reflected in the research design of the empirical study presented here. This involved a survey of managers in over 1400 firms across five industrial sectors in the UK and Japan. These countries were chosen because previous studies had indicated that they exhibit distinctive cultural differences in their management practices. By conducting a large-scale survey across a range of sectors, the study aimed to abstract the diffuse effect of these cultural differences from the specific impact of sectorial and organizational contingencies. In particular, questions within the survey sought to explore the extent to which managerial preferences and practices in IT use could be interpreted in terms of two key dimensions of national cultural difference. The latter were operationalized in this study as a control orientation to IT use, and an individualistic orientation to IT use, respectively. The overall analysis of the survey data suggests that the effect of national culture is significant and seems to operate across industry boundaries. Managers in Japanese factories do in fact exhibit the hypothesized stronger orientation towards a control orientation in the use of IT, while managers in British factories show a relatively stronger orientation towards individualistic use of IT at the management level.
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Nguyen, Hung Ky. "Anything Goes with Wit and Ambiguity: Playfulness in Japanese Visual Culture." Design Issues 36, no. 2 (April 2020): 72–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/desi_a_00591.
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Being witty and being culturally appreciated are two independent things in visual communication design. More often than not, on one hand, the Japanese sense of ‘playfulness’ is manifested in enigmatic images, which express intriguing aspects of Japanese psyche. On the other hand, the Western sense of humor is often light hearted, as its major aim is to raise a smile instead of ambiguity. This ethnographic study examines the essence, categories, and sentiment of playfulness in Japanese context. It also explores in detail the situations in which playfulness is used and, where permitted, how Japanese artists and designers come up with playful ideas and encode meaning in their works. The conclusion focuses on how the Japanese sense of playfulness has long been used to establish cultural influence, social voice, and individual distinction.
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Morimoto, Mariko. "Congruence and celebrity endorser credibility in Japanese OTC drug advertising." International Journal of Pharmaceutical and Healthcare Marketing 12, no. 3 (September 3, 2018): 234–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijphm-09-2017-0049.
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Purpose Based on congruency theory, this study aims to examine the effects of celebrity endorsement on endorser credibility in Japanese over-the-counter (OTC) drug advertising using multiple celebrity categories. In particular, this research explored brand–endorser congruence and endorser–consumer congruence and their roles in attitude formation. Design/methodology/approach A 3 (endorser categories: actor/actress, athlete and talent/TV personality) × 2 (endorser’s gender) factorial experimental design with 480 Japanese consumers was used in the study. Findings In Japanese OTC drug advertising, actors/actresses and athletes were regarded as more credible than talents (TV personalities) by Japanese consumers. Endorser categories also had a significant influence on identification with the endorser through ideal self-congruency. Additionally, endorser credibility mediated the relationship between identification and advertising evaluations. However, it did not mediate the relationship between perceived similarity with the endorser and advertising responses. Originality/value Little is known about the effectiveness of celebrity endorsers in OTC drug advertising from a source credibility perspective. This study attempted to shed light on the role of endorser fit in the framework of source credibility in drug advertising that usually places an emphasis on informational cues rather than peripheral cues such as source effects.
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Huang, Duen-Huang, Hao-En Chueh, Huai-Te Huang, Yueh-Ting Tzou, and Chang-Yi Kao. "A Study on the Usage Intention of Japanese Learning Mobile Applications." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 16, no. 17 (September 6, 2021): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v16i17.24235.
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Mobile applications change living habits and social style and provide an alternative learning channel for foreign languages. The use of applications overcomes limitations of time and space, thus enhancing the effectiveness of foreign language learning. In Taiwan, from the university students learning a foreign language, most part is learning English, followed by Japanese. Many scholars have conducted studies on issues related to English learning applications, but few have studied Japanese learning applications. Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the factors that influence learners to use Japanese learning applications. An online questionnaire survey was conducted from February 21 to March 2, 2021, in the Japanese language group of the Department of Applied Foreign Languages at a university in northern Taiwan. From the 127 valid forms collected, 40 respondents indicated they have not used Japanese learning applications. Thus, the remaining 87 answers were analyzed using the statistical software IBM SPSS Statistics 20. The results showed that among all variables, the mean score of “perceived ease of use” was the highest and that of “behavioral intention” was the lowest. Empirical analysis revealed that “perceived usefulness,” “facilitating conditions,” and “social influence” were the key factors that influenced the “behavioral intention” of learners. The findings can provide design guidelines for Japanese learning application developers and serve as a reference for educators to promote the use of Japanese learning applications.
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Konno, Yukiko. "Analysing Japanese contractor activity on the basis of panel data." Engineering, Construction and Architectural Management 22, no. 4 (July 20, 2015): 390–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ecam-03-2014-0035.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to examine the factors influencing defaults and exits from public works by prime contractors of small and medium-sized enterprises in the Japanese construction industry. By analysing the data for several years as panel data, this study determines the extent of influence of changes in company characteristics on the defaults and exits. Design/methodology/approach – Using construction company evaluation (Keiei Jikou Sinsa or Keisin) data and by employing the panel binary logit random effect model, this study empirically analyses the construction industry. Findings – This study shows that defaulting and exiting companies have different characteristics. The result shows financial performance indicators, non-financial performance indicators and Keisin scores to significantly affect defaults and exits. In particular, this study finds non-financial performance indicators, such as whether a firm draws insurance, to significantly affect its likelihood to default or exit and the influence varies on the basis of insurance type. Originality/value – The feature of this study is that its analysis focuses not only on defaulting companies but also on exiting companies, defined as those that stop operating as prime contractors for public works but otherwise stay in business. In contrast to existing research, this study distinguishes between defaults and exits and analyses the factors that influence a firm following one of these two outcomes. Moreover, although Keisin data are usually used to determine whether companies qualify to enter bids for public works, they can be applied for an attribution analysis of corporate defaults and exits.
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Tornier, Etienne. "True or False: Japonisme and the Historiography of Modern Design." Journal of Japonisme 2, no. 2 (July 20, 2017): 117–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/24054992-00022p01.
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While most of the artistic trends of the late nineteenth century were indebted to the arts of Japan, their influence on western decorative arts – unlike painting – has only been acknowledged in the last quarter of the twentieth century. Early design historians, such as Nikolaus Pevsner (1936), hardly mentioned Japan in their works, although they recognized the importance of Christopher Dresser and the Arts & Crafts movement. Though this absence has been most commonly attributed to this authors’ involvement in contemporary design, this paper argues that their studies relied on many of their predecessors’ biased view on the artistic phenomenon. By drawing a distinction between a “good” vs. “bad” interpretation of Japanese art, their writings participated in the formation of a certain history of modern design.
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Chiu, Chen-Yu, Philip Goad, Peter Myers, and Nur Yıldız Kılınçer. "Jørn Utzon's synthesis of Chinese and Japanese architecture in the design for Bagsværd Church." Architectural Research Quarterly 22, no. 4 (December 2018): 339–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1359135518000696.
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In his essay of 1983, ‘Towards a Critical Regionalism’, Kenneth Frampton referred to the Bagsværd Church as a primary exemplar, briefly citing the architect's representation of ‘the Chinese pagoda roof’ in this project, to emphasise the importance of crosscultural inspiration in the creation of ‘critical regionalism’. Peter Myers followed Frampton in his 1993 ‘Une histoire inachevée’, arguing for the significant role that Chinese architecture played as a source for Utzon's Bagsværd Church design and further variations on the theme of Chinese and Japanese exemplars on Utzon's work follows. Françoise Fromonot established the importance of the 1925 edition of the Yingzao-fashi (State Building Standard, first published in 1103 ad) and Johannes Prip-Møller's 1937 Chinese Buddhist Monasteries for Utzon; Philip Drew pointed out the significance of the work of Chinese writer Lin Yutang (1895–1976) and historian Osvald Sirén (1879–1966) as important channels through which Utzon perceived East Asian art and architecture; while in 2002, Richard Weston suggested Das Japanische Wohnhaus (1935), written by Japanese architect Tetsuro Yoshida (1894–1956), as a formational influence in Utzon's early perception of Japanese building culture. However, none of these works attempt to clarify the precise role that Chinese and Japanese precedents play in Utzon's architectural career. Two more recent studies, by Philip Goad and Michael Asgaard Andersen, have confirmed the role of Chinese architecture in Utzon's church design and have introduced new evidence and details, but there are still unanswered questions about the exact nature of these influences. This article attempts to address the detailed process of Utzon's cross-cultural practices for his design of the Bagsværd Church in order to reveal how Utzon interpreted specific ideas, ideals, and artefacts from East Asian building culture.
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Miyanoshita, Tomofumi, Tohru Yoshioka-Kobayashi, and Daisuke Kanama. "Profiting from (not too many) package designs: evidence from a firm-level design registration analysis in the food manufacturing industry." British Food Journal 122, no. 7 (April 7, 2020): 2233–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-09-2019-0699.
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PurposeResearchers have pointed out that product packaging in the food industry has a significant influence on consumer decision-making. However, the impact of package development on firm performance has not been investigated due to the limited availability of analyses on package design. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between package development and firm performance in the Japanese food manufacturing industry.Design/methodology/approachThis study empirically analyzed the relationship between package development and firm performance in the Japanese food manufacturing industry by using design patents data.FindingsAs a result of multiple regression analysis, it became clear that the number of design patents related to packaging is significantly linked to the operating profit ratio, growth rate of sales and increase in operating profits of firms. Moreover, the results show inverse U-shaped effects between design patents and firm performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe results imply the importance of effective package design management.Originality/valueThis study provides novel insight on both marketing strategy and intellectual property management in the food industry, and it also provides a new method for empirical analysis using design patent data.
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Onohara, Noriko. "Japan as fashion: Contemporary reflections on being fashionable." Acta Orientalia Vilnensia 12, no. 1 (January 1, 2011): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.15388/aov.2011.0.1095.
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University of HyogoThis paper examines how Japanese contemporary fashion has been accepted globally, especially in the case of London. The popularity of Japanese fashion in the West started in the 19th century with kimono-style dressing gowns, but for the true design influence known as Japan-shock, we had to wait for the appearance of the avantgarde Japanese fashion designers who participated in the Paris collection in the 1970s and 1980s. A new keyword for ‘fashionable Japan’ today is kawaii, the notion of cute. This is intimately linked to street fashion and subculture and has been established and received as part of ‘cool Japan’ through the worldwide popularity of Japanese manga and anime. Moreover, it could be said that Japan is fashionable and the Japanese are thought of as fashionable people, but who is described as fashionable, and by whom? To reflect upon this statement, ‘the Japanese are fashionable’, as ideology, picking up the globally popular Japanese street fashion magazine FRUiTS, I would like to investigate the double meaning of fashion in the present and also what it means to be fashionable.
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Oviedo, Victoria Rossmary Santacruz, Amanda Regina Godoy, and Antonio Ismael Inácio Cardoso. "Performance of advanced generation from a hybrid Japanese cucumber." Scientia Agricola 65, no. 5 (2008): 553–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162008000500016.
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Inbreeding reduces the vigor in plants as a result of a decrease in the proportion of heterozygous loci. However, the influence of inbreeding is different among the species. The objective of this work was to evaluate the inbreeding depression in a cucumber Japanese population. An F2 population was obtained from a commercial hybrid (Natsu suzumi), which was considered as S0 population. S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5 progenies were obtained by the 'Single Seed Descent' methodology. A complete blocks design with seven treatments (different generations of self pollination - S0 to S5 and the hybrid Natsu suzumi), and six replications of five plants per plot was used in protected cultivation from Aug. 21 to Nov. 29, 2002. Number of leaves, length of the main stem, number and weight of fruits (total and commercial) number of nodes and vines percentage were evaluated. For most of the traits appraised differences were not observed among populations showing that there was no loss of vigor due to inbreeding in this population.
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Serge-Olivier, Konan Kouassi, Bleyere Mathieu, Yves Bénarèce Tra Dje Bi, Soualio Kamagate, and Paul Angoué. "Influence Of Crude Protein Diet on Growth Performance and Some Blood Biochemical Parameters of Growing Male Japanese Quail In Côte d’Ivoire." Journal of Scientific Research in Medical and Biological Sciences 2, no. 1 (February 28, 2021): 10–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.47631/jsrmbs.v2i1.217.
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Purpose: This article aims to evaluate the effect of dietary protein levels on growth performance and some blood biochemical composition of male Japanese quail.
Study Design: Qualitative Descriptive Design.
Subjects and Methods: Three hundred, three week old apparently healthy male Japanese quail were used in this experiment. The birds were randomly allocated into 5 groups with 3 replicates of 20 birds for 21 days of experimental period and placed in cages, measuring 100 cm (length) x100 cm (width) x 80 cm (height). Group A was fed on diet 1 containing 18% crude protein, Group B was fed on diet 2 containing 20% crude protein, Group C was fed on diet 3 containing 22% crude protein, Group D was fed on diet 4 containing 24% crude protein and Group E was fed on diet 5containing 26% crude protein. All groups were subjected to similar management practices.
Results: The findings showed that growth performance parameters significantly improved as dietary crude protein level increased. However dietary protein level beyond 22% has no beneficial effect on growth. Biochemical examination results demonstrated that the crude protein level in diet was not significantly affected the blood glucose, cholesterol, bilirubin, calcium, phosphorus and liver enzyme activities (ASAT and ALT). However, we noticed a significant effect (P<0.05) about Total protein, Albumin, Urea, Triglycerides, Creatinine and Uric acid. Despite the variation of these parameters, they remain within the normal range.
Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that dietary protein levels do not affect quail health. The crude protein requirement for Japanese quail from 21 to 42 days old is 22%.
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Trovato, Gabriele, Cesar Lucho, and Renato Paredes. "She’s Electric—The Influence of Body Proportions on Perceived Gender of Robots across Cultures." Robotics 7, no. 3 (September 5, 2018): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/robotics7030050.
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The assignment of gender to robots is a debatable topic. Subtle aspects related to gender, in a robot’s appearance, may create biased expectations of the robot’s abilities and influence user acceptance. The present research is a cross-cultural study involving more than 150 participants to investigate the perception of gender in robot design by manipulating body proportions. We are focusing specifically on the contrast between two extremely different cultures: Peruvian and Japanese. From the survey based on stimuli varying in the proportion between chest, waist, and hips, the results indicate the importance of chest-to-hip ratio and waist-to-hip ratio in the attribution of gender to robots.
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Ide, Yoshihiko, Noriaki Hashimoto, Masaru Yamashiro, and Mitsuyoshi Kodama. "CASE STUDY ON DESIGNING ADAPTATION MEASURES FOR STORM SURGE DISASTERS ALONG INNERMOST COAST OF ARIAKE SEA, JAPAN." Coastal Engineering Proceedings, no. 36 (December 30, 2018): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.9753/icce.v36.risk.44.
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Based on the Japanese governmental adaptation plan against the influence of climate change, the local governments promptly have to design such measures. We focused on the vulnerability of storm surge disasters along the innermost coast, Saga Plain, of the Ariake Sea (Fig.1a) since most of the area is below sea level. We present our experiences of the attempts to design adaptation measures from various approaches as collaborative research with members of Saga Prefecture. Figure 1b shows a meeting with members of the prefecture.
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Guerra, Antonia Mirian Nogueira de Moura, Maria Gabriela Magalhães Silva, Régila Santos Evangelista, Edeilton Borges dos Santos, and Ítalo José Da Silva Rodrigues. "CONTROL OF WEEDS IN THE JAPANESE PUMPKIN HYBRIDS." JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE 7, no. 2 (June 29, 2020): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.32404/rean.v7i2.4290.
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The Japanese pumpkin known as "Tetsukabuto" is the result of crossing selected lines of squash. Squashes are highly susceptible to weed interference due to slow initial growth, requiring more considerable attention as to their control. Studies focusing on the losses caused by weeds to Japanese pumpkin hybrids are scarce. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the influence of weed control on the fruit yield of Japanese pumpkin hybrid cultivars. A randomized block design with four replications in a 3x4 factorial scheme was used. Three cultivars (Corina F1, Triunfo F1, and Takayama F1) and four weed control periods, without weed control, weed control from 0 to 30 and from 0 to 60 days after transplanting (DAT), and weed control throughout the crop cycle (continuous control) were evaluated. The harvest was carried out at 105 DAT, and it was evaluated population density of the weed community, yield, fruit diameter, fruit fresh mass, number of fruits per plant, pulp thickness, and internal fruit cavity thickness. The weed control from 0 to 60 DAT and continuous weed control resulted in the lowest weed population density and weed dry matter. The weed control from 0 to 60 DAT provided a higher number of fruits per plant, fruit diameter, fruit fresh mass, and thicker pulp. The highest development and fruit yield of Japanese pumpkin hybrids was observed when the plants were free from weed interference until 60 days after transplanting.
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Kuzuhara, Kenji, Hideki Shimamoto, and Yasuyoshi Mase. "Ice Hockey Injuries in a Japanese Elite Team: A 3-Year Prospective Study." Journal of Athletic Training 44, no. 2 (March 1, 2009): 208–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-44.2.208.
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Abstract Context: As the Asian Ice Hockey League gradually expands and becomes more competitive, ice hockey-related injuries may increase. However, no reports have been published on ice hockey injuries in Japan, including the method of injury and the daily supervision of the players during the regular season. Objective: To prospectively study the incidence, types, and mechanisms of ice hockey injuries in an elite Japanese ice hockey team. Design: Prospective observational cohort study design. Setting: An elite ice hockey team, Tokyo, Japan. Patients or Other Participants: Ninety-four players during the 2002–2005 seasons. Main Outcome Measure(s): Data were collected for 3 consecutive seasons using an injury reporting form. Results: The overall game injury rate was 74.3 per 1000 player-game hours and 11.7 per 1000 player-game hours for injuries resulting in any time loss. The overall practice injury rates were 11.2 per 1000 player-practice hours and 1.1 per 1000 player-practice hours for injuries resulting in any time loss. Forwards had the highest rate of injury, followed by defensemen and then goalkeepers. Contusions were the most common injury, followed by strains, lacerations, and sprains. Conclusions: Most injuries among Japanese ice hockey players occurred during games. Game or play intensity may influence the injury rate during games.
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Tagore-Erwin, Eimi. "Contemporary Japanese art: between globalization and localization." Arts and the Market 8, no. 2 (October 1, 2018): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aam-04-2017-0008.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify and analyze the influence that globalization has had on the development of the contemporary Japanese art production. The study also aims to expand the global narrative of Japanese art by introducing concepts behind festivals for revitalization that have been occurring in Japan in recent years. Design/methodology/approach Guided by Culture Theorist Nira Yuval-Davies’ approach to the politics of belonging, the paper is situated within cultural studies and considers the development of contemporary art in Japan in relation to the power structures present within the global art market. This analysis draws heavily from the research of art historians Reiko Tomii, Adrian Favell, and Gennifer Weisenfeld, and is complemented by investigative research into the life of Art Director Kitagawa Fram, as well as observational analyses formed by on-site study of the Setouchi Triennale in 2015 and 2016. Findings The paper provides historical insight to the ways that the politics of belonging to the western world has created a limited benchmark for critical discussion about contemporary Japanese art. It suggests that festivals for revitalization in Japan not only are a good source of diversification, but also evidences criticism therein. Research limitations/implications Due to the brevity of this text, readers are encouraged to further investigate the source material for more in-depth understanding of the topics. Practical implications The paper implies that art historiography should take a multilateral approach to avoid a western hegemony in the field. Originality/value This paper fulfills a need to reflect on the limited global reception to Japanese art, while also identifying one movement that art historians and theorists may take into account in the future when considering a Japanese art discourse.
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Oko, O. O. K., P. O. Ozung, and F. B. Abang. "Influence of Ethanolic extract of Aspilia Africana leaf on the performance and egg qualities of Japanese quails." Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 24, no. 2 (December 18, 2018): 135–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v24i2.2.
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A 16-week trial evaluated the effects of ethanolic extract of Aspiliaafricana leaf (EeAaL) on the growth performance, carcass and egg characteristics of growing and laying quails. One hundred and eighty (180), one-week old Japanese quail chicks were assigned to six experimental diets (0, 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10% EeAaL or 0.02% oxytetracycline). Each treatment had 30 birdswhich were further subdivided into three replicates of 10 birds. Each replicate was housed in a pen under the deep litter system; feed and water were provided ad libitum.Growth performance and egg characteristics(egg quantity and quality) indices were subjected to the one-way ANOVA in a completely randomized design (CRD). No significant (P>0.05) effect of EeAaL was observed between treatments on the final body weight and daily weight gains of quails. Feed conversion ratio (4.95 – 5.28) was significantly (P<0.05) improved in quails fed 2.5 – 7.5% EeAaL diets. Zero mortality was observed in quails fed 5 – 10% EeAaL diets compared to other treatments. EeAaL supplementation reduced (P<0.05) the amount of fat deposition in quail carcass, thus improving the carcass quality. The efficacy ofEeAaL was more pronounced in laying than growing quails where significant (P<0.05) differences were observed on some external and internal egg characteristics, whereas egg composition did not differ (P>0.05) between treatments. Egg number, hen day production, albumen weight,yolk weight, shell thickness and yolk colour were significantly improved following dietary EeAaL upplementation, indicative of strong growth promoting and stimulatory effects.Therefore, for improved carcass and egg performances up to 7.5% EeAaL shoud be supplemented intoquail diets.Keywords: Leaf extract, growth rate, egg characteristics, bush marigold, quails
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Suzuki, Yutaro, Takuro Sugai, Naoki Fukui, Junzo Watanabe, Shin Ono, Yoshimasa Inoue, Vural Ozdemir, and Toshiyuki Someya. "CYP2D6 genotype and smoking influence fluvoxamine steady-state concentration in Japanese psychiatric patients: lessons for genotype–phenotype association study design in translational pharmacogenetics." Journal of Psychopharmacology 25, no. 7 (June 14, 2010): 908–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881110370504.
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Han, Yan, and Xiao Dong Wang. "Seismic Design Research of Simply Supported Rail-Bridge Based on Running Safety." Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (December 2014): 962–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.962.
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To explore the practical rail-bridge seismic design methods, dynamic response analysis model of the train-rail-bridge system under seismic loads was established, and the widely used simply supported track-bridge in rail transport was taken for the study. By inputting different intensity and frequency artificial seismic waves to the train-rail-bridge system, the whole history of the vehicles running through the bridge is simulated and the dynamic responses of the bridge and the vehicles are calculated. The influence of train type, seismic intensity and spectral characteristics of the earthquake were analyzed. Taking Japanese traffic safety evaluation indexes including derailment coefficient, wheel offload rate and lateral wheel-rail force as evaluation criteria, the allowed lateral bridge displacement limits and acceleration limits that ensuring train running safety under earthquake were obtained, and the bridge vibration limit curve was drawn. Using Lagrange interpolation method, the mathematical expression of the curve was worked out, which can provide a reference to rail-bridge aseismic design.
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Ozawa, Kazuhiko. "Managers’ experiences as recipients: impact on organizational change." Journal of Organizational Change Management 33, no. 1 (November 28, 2019): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jocm-05-2018-0137.
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Purpose Drawing on insights from change experience research, the purpose of this paper is to examine the influence of managers’ experiences, as change recipients, on organizational change implemented by the managers. Design/methodology/approach Since the Japanese sports context fits well with the aims of this research, longitudinal data of Japanese baseball are used to test the hypotheses. The data set was created using resources such as books published by Japanese baseball institutions. Following previous research, teams are regarded as organizations, and the number of changed players in teams per year is considered. The hypotheses have been tested using regression analysis on a yearly basis. Findings Managers’ experiences as change recipients are an essential determinant of organizational change. The findings show that the amount of change these managers experience is associated with the magnitude of organizational change they implement. Past change experiences in each organization positively moderates this relationship. Originality/value Previous studies examined managers’ experience after their appointment, and showed its influence on organizational change. However, scarce research examines the effect of managers’ experiences as change recipients on the organizational change they implement. Thus, this is the first study to analyze and test the effects of such experiences on organizational change.
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Kline, William, Masaaki Kotabe, Robert Hamilton, and Stanley Ridgley. "Organizational constitution, organizational identification, and executive pay." Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration 9, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 54–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjba-02-2016-0022.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide insights from the upper echelon, agency, and organizational identification literatures to help explain cross-cultural differences in top management team pay. Design/methodology/approach This is a theoretical paper building upon the executive compensation literature examining US and Japanese pay schemes. Findings The paper presents three propositions relating to the influence of organizational constitution and organizational identification on the level of pay, as well as the allocation of pay in top management team compensation schemes. Originality/value There is relatively little research focusing on why there are cross-cultural pay differences. This paper uses US and Japanese studies to highlight mechanisms that can foster principal-agent goal alignment in different contexts.
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Iwashita, Hitoshi. "Transferring family logic within a multinational corporation." Cross Cultural & Strategic Management 26, no. 4 (December 5, 2019): 639–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ccsm-12-2018-0212.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to extend the understandingof how family logic is transferred through mundane practices across the subsidiaries of a Japanese multinational corporation (MNC) in different national contexts. Design/methodology/approach In order to fulfil this purpose, a comparative qualitative case study was adopted with emphasis on actors’ interpretations. Findings Through qualitative data analysis, three findings and their theoretical significances can be summarised. First, it was found that the constellations of family, market and religion logics were transferred differently. This is significant for Japanese management scholars since it illuminates the importance of actors who perceive the (non-) necessity of logics in a Japanese MNC facing institutional dualities. Second, it was found that the family logic is enacted at different levels and with different boundaries. This is significant for both institutionalists and international business scholars since it highlights the strong influence of language and religion in the transfer of logics from one country to another. Third, it was found that the enactment of the family logic greatly affects the acceptability of Japanese management practices. This is significant for business managers since it further proposes an intimate relationship between Japanese management practices and the meanings attached to the family logic. Originality/value The originality of this work stems from an updated comparative qualitative study of the management of a Japanese MNCs’ subsidiaries across different countries, providing in-depth insights for international business, Japanese subsidiary management and institutional logics perspectives.
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Urakami, Takuya, and Xueying Wu. "Own brand strategy of the Japanese apparel manufacturers." Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics 29, no. 1 (January 9, 2017): 114–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/apjml-12-2015-0189.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to highlight the own brand strategies undertaken by Japanese apparel manufacturers, and illuminate the characteristics of those apparel manufacturers who adopt the SPA business model. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey was sent to 4,417 apparel manufacturers in Japan of which a total of 1,211 were deemed usable (response rate of 27.47 percent). Logit regression analysis was then employed to identify factors affecting the own brand strategies adopted by Japanese apparel manufacturers. Findings The main findings are as follows: apparel manufacturers having access to external designers, and who collect information relating to consumer needs for production planning tend to have their own brands; apparel manufacturers located in Tokyo have added benefits associated with launching their own brands than those located in other cities; the size of the company behind the brand development is insignificant; and therefore, SME apparel manufacturers have equal opportunities in developing their own brands, which could flourish in the future. Research limitations/implications The present study is limited in that it focuses solely on exogenous factors. Strategic decision-making processes, typical of the distribution structures of apparel industries, influence the apparel relationship between retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. Thus, the distribution structure and the relationships require further investigation studies. Originality/value Because of a lack of published data, no empirical studies investigating the effectiveness of own brand strategies developed by Japanese apparel manufacturers currently exist. The present study aims to address this by conducting questionnaire surveys with all Japanese apparel manufacturers and then using logit regression analysis, identify the primary factors influencing own brand strategy. This study clarifies the situation regarding the survival of SMEs in the apparel market, considering only those apparel manufacturers who intend to launch their own brands.
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Tret'yakova, M. "SHOP-WINDOWS IN JAPAN: WESTERN "OMOTE" AND JAPANESE "MA"." Technical Aesthetics and Design Research 3, no. 1 (May 21, 2021): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.34031/2687-0878-2021-3-1-5-14.
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The article is devoted to the national specifics of Japanese shop-windows in an urban environment. In this regard, shop-windows are viewed from the point of view of the interaction of internal and external space, and not just as decor. The purpose of the article is to analyze how the traditional Japanese understanding of space was transformed under the influence of the Western lifestyle and the role of facades and shop-windows began to change. At the same time, it is important to understand that the Japanese designers managed to preserve the Japanese designers in shop-windows design after Westernization. First, according to F. Maki, the traditional Japanese concept of space "oku" ("oku - omote") is considered. Then, its transformation is investigated using the example of the so-called "sign houses" (kamban-kentiku). Then, in search of the national specifics of modern shop windows, the article studies modern shop-windows, and also analyzes the category of modern Japanese aesthetics "intermediate" "ma".
The study concluded that the traditional Japanese understanding of space as a reversible void, when the most important thing is located in the depths of the “oku”, faced with the western way of life, is transformed into the model “Japanese oku (depth) - western omote (front side) ". Thus, there are “signage houses” of the kamban-kenchiku, the facade of which is “western”, and the rest with its “oku” is Japanese. In the further transformation, initially "western" shop-windows are also beginning to acquire Japanese characteristics. The most important role in this process is played by the modern category of Japanese aesthetics "ma", although it is closely related to tradition. It can be understood both as a generating void and as a connecting space.
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Semba, Hu Dan, and Ryo Kato. "Does Big N matter for audit quality? Evidence from Japan." Asian Review of Accounting 27, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 2–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ara-01-2015-0008.
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Purpose There has been growing concern worldwide regarding audit quality in Japan after the Kanebo and Olympus accounting scandals. The purpose of this paper is to examine the Japanese audit market from 2001 to 2011 to determine whether audit quality differs between Big N and Non-Big N audit firms and whether this difference, if existed, changed during 2007 when the number of big audit firms declined from four to three and the requirements of audit quality became more rigorous. Design/methodology/approach This study employs a sample of Japanese listed firms from fiscal year 2001 to 2011. Five proxy variables for audit quality are used and the data are analyzed using the propensity score matching method. Findings The authors show that irrespective of their size, all audit firms in Japan provide the same quality of service, when controlling for client characteristics including keiretsu, foreign sales ratio and bankruptcy risk measured in Japan. Additionally, the results suggest that although only three major audit firms remain in the Japanese audit market after the dissolution of PricewaterhouseCooper’s Chuo-Aoyama firm in 2007, the audit quality difference between Big N and Non-Big N remained unchanged before and after 2007. Originality/value The study contributes to the lack of existing empirical evidence on audit quality in Japan, a country characterized with low audit litigation risk and more emphasis on auditor reputation, given the influence of the notable change in Japanese audit market competition from Big 4 to Big 3. The study’s research design contributes to the extant literature by using multiple proxies of audit quality.
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Kokubun, Keisuke. "Education, organizational commitment, and rewards within Japanese manufacturing companies in China." Employee Relations 40, no. 3 (April 3, 2018): 458–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/er-12-2016-0246.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the relationship between organizational commitment (OC) and extrinsic, intrinsic, and social rewards, among employees who work for Japanese manufacturing companies in China. Design/methodology/approach Hierarchical regression analysis was utilized to examine survey data obtained from 27,854 employees, who work for 64 Japanese manufacturing companies in China. Findings The findings demonstrate that the variables measuring extrinsic, social, and intrinsic rewards were strongly related to OC, suggesting that the antecedents of OC in Japanese companies are different from those in other kinds of corporations in China and the West. A further comparison between university graduates and other employees showed that for graduates, extrinsic and intrinsic rewards had a stronger influence on OC than social rewards, compared to non-graduates. Research limitations/implications This study used self-report data from individual respondents, which may have resulted in common method bias. Future research might consider including supervisor-rated scales to strengthen the study design and reduce common method bias. Practical implications As Japanese companies in China have both Western and Chinese characteristics, they often utilize balanced human resources management (HRM) practices. To enhance their employees’ OC, especially those with less formal education, it is most effective to focus not only on some particular rewards but also on more varieties of rewards. However, balanced HRM may not be equally effective for enhancing the OC of university graduates, who prefer to obtain more extrinsic and intrinsic rewards and fewer social rewards. As Japanese companies are sometimes said to be less attractive workplaces, especially for university graduates, the results of this study could help HR professionals revise their HRM strategies and employ workers who can contribute to their Chinese branches on a long-term basis. Originality/value This research investigates how employees of Japanese companies in China could have higher OC, by focusing on the difference between university graduates and non-graduates and utilizing a large volume of their opinion data.
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Matsuo, Makoto, Takami Matsuo, and Kohei Arai. "The influence of an interactive use of management control on individual performance: mediating roles of psychological empowerment and proactive behavior." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 17, no. 2 (January 25, 2021): 263–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-06-2020-0079.
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Purpose Although middle managers play important roles in forming strategies and generating innovation, few studies have explored the influence of management control systems (MCS) on employees’ behaviors or performance at the middle-management level. The purpose of this study is to examine the effect an interactive use of MCS has on individual performance at the unit level. Design/methodology/approach A longitudinal, multisource and multilevel survey was conducted among 373 nurses in 20 units at a Japanese public hospital. Findings The multi-level analyzes indicate that middle managers’ interactive use of MCS has a direct and indirect positive influence on individual performance, through proactive behavior, as well as through psychological empowerment and, subsequently, through proactive behavior. Research limitations/implications As the present study collected data from nurses at a Japanese hospital, it is necessary to conduct research in other countries using different occupations to verify the findings. Practical implications Organizations need to be aware that the interactive use of MCS can be an effective tool for empowering and motivating employees. Originality/value The present study contributes to the literature by clarifying the mechanisms of how the interactive use of MCS influences employees’ psychological and behavioral outcomes at the middle-management level.
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Matsuo, Makoto, and Takami Matsuo. "The effect of diagnostic and interactive uses of management control systems and managerial coaching on reflection in teams." Journal of Accounting & Organizational Change 13, no. 3 (September 4, 2017): 410–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaoc-06-2016-0034.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of managerial coaching, as well as interactive and diagnostic uses of management control systems (MCS), on reflection and critical reflection, which are important for team learning. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected using a questionnaire survey. Hierarchical regression analyses were performed to test hypotheses using data from 235 employees in 50 teams from a Japanese automotive supplier. Findings The results indicated that: MCS used interactively have a positive influence on critical reflection in teams; MCS used diagnostically have no significant effect on reflection or critical reflection in teams; and managerial coaching has a positive influence on team reflection. Research limitations/implications These findings suggest that the interactive use of MCS should be combined with managerial coaching in promoting reflection and critical reflection within teams. Because this study used data from employees of a Japanese automotive supplier, the results may have been influenced by the Japanese management style. Practical implications Organizations need to implement interactive MCS at the team level, while coaching programs should be provided for managers to enhance team learning. Originality/value This study extends the existing literature by examining the effect of MCS at the team level, and identifying that managerial coaching plays a complementary role, supporting the interactive use of MCS in promoting reflection within a team.
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Goto, Mika, and Toshiyuki Sueyoshi. "Electric power market reform in Japan after Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster." International Journal of Energy Sector Management 9, no. 3 (September 7, 2015): 336–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-05-2014-0009.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to review the current status and related issues on the market reform of Japanese electric power industry after Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster. We also discuss the future policy direction for the market reform. Design/methodology/approach This research compares the reform process of Japanese electric power industry with that of European Union (EU) nations. Then, this study discusses policy issues on the Japanese market reform based upon our comparative analysis. Findings Japan may learn many things from the market liberalization process and institution of EU nations. In the learning process, it is necessary to pay attention to industrial differences between Japan and the EU nations. Each country has its own unique features on fuel mix, business environment as well as supply and demand relationship. Such differences may influence a desirable policy direction for each nation’s market reform. The international comparison discussed in this study indicates the importance of a step-by-step approach in which Japan can gradually incorporate European experiences into the Japanese market reform. Research limitations/implications Since this study focuses upon the Japanese market reform, the empirical findings may have limited policy implications. The implications obtained from Japanese experience need additional thought in shifting them to other nations. Such an extension will be an important future task of this study. Originality/value This study discusses the current policy issues and future direction on the Japanese electricity market reform. This study also suggests its future direction. Previous research has never discussed the Japanese experience. Policy makers, corporate leaders, and individuals in the world, who are involved in the energy industry, have been paying attention to the Japanese future energy direction after Fukushima Daiichi nuclear plant disaster. This study provides such a future energy direction on Japanese market reform from European experience.
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Maharjan, Mohan Pyari, and Tomoki Sekiguchi. "Human resource management practices of Japanese companies in India: dealing with the transfer-adaptation dichotomy." Journal of Asia Business Studies 11, no. 3 (August 7, 2017): 323–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jabs-09-2015-0152.
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Purpose Based on the international human resource management perspective, this paper aims to explore and explain the human resource (HR) practices of Japanese multinational companies (MNCs) operating in India. Design/methodology/approach This paper applies a qualitative methodology. The study is based on 17 semi-structured interviews that were conducted within the subsidiaries of 10 Japanese MNCs in India. Findings The respective HR practices are differently influenced by cultural and institutional factors. Cultural similarity, unique social context and the evolving labor market shape the HR practices of Japanese MNCs in the Indian context. Research limitations/implications The generalizability of findings might be limited because of the nature of methodology. Future research could collect additional qualitative data and conduct quantitative studies to test the findings of this research. Practical implications A unique combination of HR practices could be formed by addressing the changes in the local institutional environment and retaining the core philosophy of the parent company. Originality/value This research adds value to the transfer-adaptation dichotomy by presenting how institutional and cultural factors differently influence the transfer of respective HR practices.
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Newsham, Grant Frederick. "Japan’s Yakuza – still alive, and yes, they do matter." Journal of Financial Crime 26, no. 4 (October 7, 2019): 938–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jfc-12-2018-0138.
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Purpose This paper aims to inform the reader of the nature of Japanese organize crime (“the Yakuza”) and the extent to which it has penetrated and is a powerful force in nearly all facets of Japanese society – with particular focus on the “legitimate” business and financial worlds. The paper also describes in detail the actual harmful effects of Yakuza influence and also provides a cautionary note for foreign business ventures in Japan. Design/methodology/approach The paper offers an in-depth narrative description based on the author’s over 20 years’ experience researching the topic along with practical experience gained while working in the business risk mitigation field in Japan and assisting private entities in avoiding underworld entanglements. Findings The paper demonstrates how the Yakuza remains a potent force with widespread influence in Japan, despite the government’s enactment of specific regulations designed to pressure underworld organizations. Research limitations/implications The paper offers insights into an aspect of Japanese society that receives limited examination, and the information contained in the article is potentially useful to other scholars and the foreign business community as well. The Yakuza are a broad topic, and the author’s perspectives are necessarily focused on cases of Yakuza involvement in the legitimate economy and political world rather than the entire panoply of underworld activity. Practical implications The insights and descriptions of underworld involvement in “legitimate” parts of Japanese society might encourage Japanese authorities to assess why the Yakuza remain entrenched and take appropriate counter measures. Social implications The paper is potentially of use to foreign business and governmental organizations in better understanding and countering risks and threats posed by the Japanese underworld, both in Japan and beyond its borders. Originality/value This topic is infrequently covered in any depth in English language sources and seldom if ever by someone with over two decades of practical experience identifying and helping private entities navigate around Yakuza dangers.
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Murata, Kiyoshi, Yasunori Fukuta, Yohko Orito, and Andrew A. Adams. "Few youngsters would follow Snowden’s lead in Japan." Journal of Information, Communication and Ethics in Society 15, no. 3 (August 14, 2017): 197–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jices-08-2016-0026.
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Purpose This paper aims to deal with the attitudes towards and social impact of Edward Snowden’s revelations in Japan, taking the Japanese socio-cultural and political environment surrounding privacy and state surveillance into account. Design/methodology/approach A questionnaire survey of 1,820 university students and semi-structured follow-up interviews with 56 respondents were conducted, in addition to reviews of the literature on privacy and state surveillance in Japan. The outcomes of the survey were statistically analysed, and qualitative analyses of the interview results were also performed. Findings Snowden’s revelations have had little influence over Japanese youngsters’ attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance, mainly due to their low level of awareness of the revelations and high level of confidence in government agencies. Practical implications The study results imply a need for reviewing educational programmes for civic education in lower and upper secondary education. Social implications The results of this study based on a large-scale questionnaire survey indicate an urgent necessity for providing Japanese youngsters with opportunities to learn more about privacy, liberty, individual autonomy and national security. Originality/value This study is the first attempt to investigate the social impact of Snowden’s revelations on Japanese youngsters’ attitudes towards privacy and state surveillance as part of cross-cultural analyses between eight countries.
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P.M. Chong, Melody. "Influence behaviors and organizational commitment: a comparative study." Leadership & Organization Development Journal 35, no. 1 (February 25, 2014): 54–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/lodj-03-2012-0035.
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Purpose – Prior research has identified the outcomes of influence tactics as short-term task commitment, compliance and resistance. This paper argues that leaders’ downward influence behaviors should also have an impact on followers’ organizational commitment. The purpose of this paper is to examine the effects of three influence strategies (11 downward influence tactics) on organizational commitment, and the moderating effect of national culture. Design/methodology/approach – The study draws on survey data (n=185) and follow-up interviews (n=19) from Hong Kong Chinese employees who work for Hong Kong Chinese or Japanese managers. Findings – The quantitative results show that all rational tactics, the inspirational appeal and pressure tactics had effects on organizational commitment. Drawing on the survey and follow-up interview data, three specific factors in the use of influence tactics on organizational commitment are identified. Results suggest that some tactics are more universal and able to provide “long-lasting” effects compared with other tactics in enhancing or reducing employees’ organizational commitment. The results of the entire study also show that most rational influence tactics seem to be convergent; yet, there is also evidence that other tactics are more culturally specific in generating employee commitment. Originality/value – This is the first empirical study to examine the effects of influence behaviors on organizational commitment with both inter- and intra-cultural samples. The study has also drawn on interview data to demonstrate examples of effective and ineffective influence tactics used by superiors, thereby offering managerial hints to managers on how to exercise their influence behaviors effectively.
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Bobadilla-Mendez, M. F., E. A. Cañas-Mendoza, L. M. Batista, P. L. Retes, L. G. Ferreira, S. A. P. Alcebiades, L. V. Teixeira, R. R. Alvarenga, E. J. Fassani, and M. G. Zangeronimo. "Influence of light sources on body characteristics of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages." Animal Production Science 59, no. 3 (2019): 427. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/an16652.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of different light sources on organ characteristics, bone development, chemical body composition and hepatic function of female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) in different reproductive ages. In total, 210 female 1-day-old birds were housed in a brick shed, which was divided into six rooms during 12 weeks. Each room was equipped with a different type of light bulb (incandescent; compact fluorescent; and white, blue, red and green light-emitting diodes (LEDs)) and contained seven cages with five birds in each. The light intensity was 15 lx and the photoperiod was 23 h light and 1 h dark (23L:1D) during the first week, 10 L:14D from the second to the fifth week, and 17L:7D until the end of the experiment. The experimental design was completely randomised, with six treatments and seven replicates of each bird. The morphophysiological conditions of the birds were evaluated at the beginning (8 weeks) and during peak production (12 weeks). At 8 weeks, a higher intestine weight and length and liver weight were observed in birds maintained in white LED (P < 0.05). Lower breast weight (P < 0.01) was also observed with this type of lamp. White and red LEDs decreased (P < 0.05) the percentage of ash in the tibia, but this reduction did not affect (P > 0.05) bone resistance. At 12 weeks, higher bone resistance was obtained (P < 0.01) with white LED and higher eye diameter was observed (P < 0.05) with incandescent and white LED lamps. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on the circulating levels of aspartate aminotransferase and alanine aminotransferase. Fluorescent bulbs resulted in the highest (P < 0.05) level of γ-glutamyltransferase, while blue LED resulted in the lowest level. There was no influence (P > 0.05) of light sources on chemical body composition in any of the evaluated ages. It was concluded that the photostimulation of Japanese quail with white LED is more efficient to stimulate their organ development, especially the intestine, until 8 weeks of life, resulting in birds with better bone development during peak production.