Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Japanese Government policy'
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1
Hayashi, Yuko. "Japanese government policy to innovative R&D in pharmaceutical industry." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/35990.
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LaBarge, Andrea L. "Hawaii government's role in Japanese ownership of Hawaii hotels, 1970-1990." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2002. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?index=0&did=765044491&SrchMode=1&sid=8&Fmt=2&VInst=PROD&VType=PQD&RQT=309&VName=PQD&TS=1208551486&clientId=23440.
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Dryburgh, Marjorie E. "Song Zheyuan, the Nanjing government and the north china question in Sino-Japanese relations, 1935-1937." Thesis, Durham University, 1993. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5777/.
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The focus of this study is the relationship between the Chinese central government and Song Zheyuan, the key provincial leader of North China, in the period immediately preceding the Second Sino-Japanese War, and the impact of tensions in that relationship on Japan policy. The most urgent task confronting the Chinese government in the late 1930s was to secure an equitable and formally-negotiated settlement of outstanding questions with the Tokyo government. The efforts of the Nanjing government are examined in terms of the divisions within the government and in the context of the public debate on Japan policy which was extended to cover fundamental questions of the regime's diplomatic maturity and the function of diplomacy in the new state. However, the Sino-Japanese question was not purely a diplomatic issue. Tensions between central and northern regional authorities and continuing provincial independence combined with persistent political and military interventions by the Japanese armies in North China to undermine the initiatives of the centre as the lack of an effective central Japan policy eroded regional confidence in the centre. By 1935 Nanjing's control in the North was breaking down and the initiative in contacts with Japan in the region passed to provincial leaders: Song Zheyuan emerged as a key figure in relations with Japan. In 1935-7 Song occupied all the significant political and military offices in Hebei and Chaha'er provinces. Nanjing was entirely dependent on Song for the defence of the North, yet Song remained ambivalent towards Nanjing and Japan, berating the central authorities for their 'abandonment' of the North while maintaining close contact with the Japanese military. While he had no formal role in foreign affairs, his informal function in the relations with Japan demands closer attention.
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Aksamit, Daniel Victor. "Precursors to modernization theory in United States government policy : a study of the Tennessee Valley Authority, Japanese occupation, and Point Four Program." Thesis, Manhattan, Kan. : Kansas State University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/1321.
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Pascha, Werner Robaschik Frank. "The Role of Japanese Local Governments in Stabilisation Policy - Duisburger Arbeitspapiere Ostasienwissenschaften, 2001,40." Gerhard-Mercator-Universitaet Duisburg, 2002. http://www.ub.uni-duisburg.de/ETD-db/theses/available/duett-07222002-140752/.
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Local governments in Japan account for about 80 per cent of general government spending when excluding social security expenditures. Therefore, for the implementation of fiscal policy it is important how local governments will behave. On the basis of the economic theories on fiscal federalism it is generally rational for local government entities, especially smaller ones, not to participate in the stabilisation policy of the central government and to take a free rider position. Such a behaviour would imply a substantial reduction or even an offsetting of the effects of a stabilisation policy of the central government. As for empirical evidence, a procyclical behaviour of local entities was observed in several countries, among them Germany. We show that in Japan this was not the case and that so far local governments do participate in the stabilisation efforts of the central government. In a second step we show the institutional arrangements that have enabled the central government to influence the fiscal beh baviour of the local governments accordingly. Will recent regulatory changes and the enourmous debt level have a significant impact? We argue that although from April 2000 some legal changes in the direction of decentralisation were enforced, many influence mechanisms remained intact and thus the changes weaken the established system, but did not break it up altogether.
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Smith, Roger. "Japan's international fisheries policy : the pursuit of food security." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670139.
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Robertson, Stephen Dixon. "Shobodan : an ethnographic history of Japan's community fire brigades." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:1e7d92e5-97f5-4fe4-a6d3-2953c44b62ed.
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This thesis describes Japan's modern system of community fire brigades, a federated civilian paramilitary organization dedicated to localized fire prevention and response with a current active membership of over 800,000 men and women. Auxiliary firefighting institutions in Japan have had comparatively high rates of participation vis-à-vis those of other nations, but are now facing acute recruitment difficulties in the face of increased competition from alternative venues for civic engagement since the mid-1990s. This suggests both the tractability of civil society as an extra-statal sphere of institutionalized social organization as well as the inherent pluralism of its vernacular expression. I demonstrate that the nationalization of the fire brigade system in 1894 was predicated on the existence of an autonomous and normative sphere of age-graded practices of inter-household mutual aid in the villages of Tokugawa Japan. The gradual absorption and redirection of these practices into the nation-building projects of the Meiji state and its successors realized the creation of a functional emergency service organ with universal penetration at minimal expense. Nevertheless, drawing on Maurice Bloch's theory of rebounding violence, I argue that the secular rituals and state symbolism used to achieve this encompassment have conferred a legacy of structural ambivalence between civility and uncivility that continues to inform perceptions and representations of the brigade in public discourse. It follows that the phenomenon of organizational aging and questions of recruitment and succession should be seen as ideological in nature, rather than as simple indices of wider demographics or social transformation. This thesis is based on data collected during twenty months of research in Japan between 2008 and 2010, including eleven months of continuous participant observation with a brigade in Suwa District, Nagano Prefecture. Extensive ethnographic interviews with local firefighters, community members, and town officials are supplemented with data from primary and secondary historical sources, including online discussion forums. This thesis contributes to the literature on local voluntarism in Japan, as well as to the wider anthropological project of documenting non-western models of civil society.
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Calton, Jerry Merle. "The political economy of international automotive competition : a comparative and longitudinal study of governmental policy, developmental change, and shifting competitive advantage in the European and Japanese automobile industries /." Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8725.
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McAlister, Susan Jean. "Japanese defence policy : the prewar origins of Japanese popular pacifism, and the influence of pacifism on Japan's postwar defence policy." Thesis, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144254.
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Machino, Kazuo. "The Japanese policymaking process with bureaucrats a game theoretic analysis /." 1996. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/38248663.html.
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Suzuki, Takaaki. "The international and domestic politics of Japanese government spending in the 1970s and 1980s." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36415175.html.
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Chapman, Paul (Paul Noel). "The policy implications of Japanese foreign direct investment in Australia." 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc4662.pdf.
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Chapman, Paul (Paul Noel). "The policy implications of Japanese foreign direct investment in Australia / Paul Chapman." Thesis, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21758.
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LaPoint, Cameron. "Essays on the Japanese Economy." Thesis, 2020. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-1an6-dt21.
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This dissertation uses national policy experiments and original datasets from Japan to explore issues in macroeconomics and public finance. In the first chapter, I provide new evidence of the feedback loop between corporate borrowing and commercial real estate investment emphasized in macro-finance models with collateral constraints. Japan enacted a series of reforms in the early 1980s which relaxed national regulatory constraints on the height and size of buildings. Combining local non-residential land price indices for over 400 localities with geocoded firm balance sheets, I show that these land use deregulations generated a boom-bust cycle in corporate real estate values, borrowing, and real estate investment. Firms located in more ex ante land use constrained areas both issued more debt and invested more heavily in real estate, thus amplifying the initial positive shock to commercial real estate prices. I develop a multi-city spatial sorting model with production externalities and real estate collateral which uses the estimated reduced form effects of my local regulatory instruments on firm outcomes to assess aggregate effects of the reform. I find that the deregulatory shock to commercial real estate markets and corporate borrowing environment amplified the 1980s real estate cycle and led to an increased incidence of zombie lending in the 1990s.
Governments often distribute payments through the income tax system to combat recessions. But how effective are such fiscal stimulus policies at targeting households who are likely to respond by increasing their spending? In the second chapter, we link geocoded household expenditure and financial transactions data to local housing price indices and document a U-shaped pattern with respect to housing price growth in the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) out of a large tax rebate. Recipients living in areas with the smallest housing price gains during the 1980s spent 44% of the 1994 Japanese rebate within three months of payment, compared to 23% among recipients in areas which experienced the largest housing price gains. While we find limited heterogeneity in MPCs among households in less-affected areas, MPCs are higher for younger, renter households with no debt residing in more-affected areas. These findings are consistent with near-rational households for which the pricing shock was small relative to permanent income spending a larger fraction of the tax rebate. Our analysis suggests fiscal stimulus payments primarily induce spending among “winner” households who face minimal exposure to housing price cycles.
The question of how policymakers should choose the frequency of payments has received little attention in the literature on the optimal design of public benefits programs. The third chapter proposes a simple model in which the government chooses the length of the interval between payments, subject to a tradeoff between the administrative cost of providing more frequent benefits and the welfare gain from reducing deviations from full consumption smoothing. In our empirical application, we examine consumer and retailer responses to bimonthly payments from the Japanese National Pension System. We exploit variation in the duration of payment cycles using a unique retail dataset that links consumers to their purchase history. Our high frequency difference-in-differences approach shows a clear spike in spending on payment dates for customers who are of retirement age relative to those who are not. While within-store average prices increase by 1.6% on payday, this effect is almost entirely due to consumers substituting towards higher quality goods rather than a retailer response. We use these reduced form estimates to parameterize the model and conclude that the optimal frequency of Japanese public pension payments is less than one month, implying the government could improve welfare by increasing payment frequency.
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Gerien-Chen, James. "Between Empire and Nation: Taiwan Sekimin and the Making of Japanese Empire in South China, 1895–1937." Thesis, 2019. https://doi.org/10.7916/d8-x5b9-xc87.
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After the Japanese colonization of Taiwan in 1895, colonial and diplomatic officials sought to encourage, regulate, and surveil the movement of individuals from Taiwan to the south China treaty-ports by conferring upon those who traveled there the legal designation Taiwan sekimin, or “registered Taiwanese.” Japanese officials and sekimin alike fashioned the Taiwan’s inhabitants, their capital, their socio-economic networks, and Taiwan’s colonial institutions as the basis for expanding the Japanese empire’s political and economic influence. This legal status afforded sekimin the extraterritorial protection of local Japanese consulates and subjected them to consular oversight. Over time, the category of Taiwan sekimin was expanded to include local and overseas Chinese whose support Japanese officials sought to garner. This dissertation charts the transformation of Taiwan sekimin as a juridical and social category and argues that it was central to Japanese colonial policy in Taiwan and imperial ambitions in south China. By tracing these changes, this dissertation shows how efforts by Japanese and Chinese officials, as well as by sekimin themselves, drew upon and reshaped the existing social and commercial networks that linked Taiwan to the south China treaty-ports and conditioned Japanese imperial and Chinese imperial and national state formation in south China.
Taiwan sekimin ranged from wealthy elites, petty merchants, and doctors and other professionals trained in colonial Taiwan, to young anti-colonial activists drawn to China, criminal elements who formed gangs, and disreputable proprietors of opium and gambling establishments. Diverse though the category was, the status of Taiwan sekimin became, at times, the basis of individuals’ appealing for Japanese consular protection, and at others, the basis of Japanese officials’ laying claim to exercising jurisdiction over individuals considered Japanese subjects. By exploring how Taiwan sekimin individuals both supported and challenged the ideologies and institutions of the Japanese empire at its margins, this dissertation reveals their role in entrenching a Japanese imperial sphere across and beyond the region between 1895 and the start of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937.
The legal and spatial bounds of Taiwan sekimin as a juridical and social category were central to intra-imperial and inter-imperial contestations for power in south China. Contention over the Japanese empire’s economic and political ambitions led to contestation over the legal boundaries of Taiwan sekimin between Japanese colonial officials in Taiwan and local consular officials, who sought to regulate the mobility of people, ideas, and capital between Taiwan and the treaty-ports. Over time, Japanese officials also sought to channel the support of sekimin through new institutions. These institutions expanded the spatial scope of jurisdictional contests within and beyond the treaty-ports and thus the scope of imperial power; these institutions also rendered Japanese imperial ambitions more contingent on the support of the sekimin. Chinese local, national, and diplomatic officials also actively challenged the legality of sekimin status and the inclusion of individuals these officials considered Chinese nationals under its purview, particularly after the rise to power of the Chinese Nationalist Party (Guomindang) in the late 1920s. In the 1930s, the concept of Taiwan sekimin was increasingly at odds with Chinese national conceptions of social and economic order. This dissertation shows that, in this context, conflicts involving sekimin were not just local scuffles to be resolved on the interpersonal level but laden with ideological import, leaving the sekimin caught between the logics of empire and nation.
This dissertation draws on Japanese- and Chinese-language materials from Japan, Taiwan, and China. It reads official sources “along the grain” to reveal the logic that organized knowledge production about the sekimin and “against the grain” to reconstruct a history largely beyond the purview of bureaucratic institutions. By exploring the competing inter- and intra-imperial claims to authority over Taiwan sekimin, this dissertation argues that jurisdictional contestation had legal and spatial implications in linking Chinese national and Japanese imperial state formation in south China.
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Kobayashi, Hiroshi. "Political economy of tourism development in Southeast Asia." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/145316.
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{u014C}no, Shun. "Shifting Nikkeijin identities and citizenships : life histories of invisible people of Japanese descent in the Philippines." Phd thesis, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151637.
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Nomura, Kazuko. "They who part the grass: the Japanese government and early nikkei immigration to Canada, 1877–1908." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5253.
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This paper provides an account of early Japanese immigration to Canada in the years between 1877 and 1908 from the point of view of the Japanese Imperial government of the time. Drawing on Japanese diplomatic correspondence uncovered by Toshiji Sasaki in his 1999 work "Nihon-jin Kanada imin-shi" and accounts from Japanese-language newspapers published in Vancouver during the period, I examine the Japanese experience in Canada and describe how Japanese officials and emigrants responded to Canadian efforts to restrict Japanese emigration to Canada, culminating in the Vancouver Riot of 1907. I show how, when faced with this diplomatic crisis, Japanese officials reacted only reluctantly and, for the most part, ineffectually to limit emigration to Canada. The result of such restrictions as ultimately were imposed on the emigration of Japanese workers was not the end of Japanese emigration but the beginning of permanent settlement by Japanese families in Canada.
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Feng, Kuo-Chun, and 馮國峻. "Govern Taiwan： To distinguish governing policy of space between the Ching Dynasty, Japanese Colonial Authorities and Republic of China government from the evolution of administrative region." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/swm6w6.
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碩士國立臺東大學
區域政策與發展研究所
96
Administrative region in Taiwan has been adjusted many times between the ruling period of the Ching Dynasty and Republic of China government. Dominators always governed Taiwan by partitioning their territory. Why did they partition this region? How did they partition? What did they achieve from the partition of this region? What was the influence on the people during the process of partition? The relationship between the ruling power and the ruling of territory should be investigated based on administrative region, ruling policy and the people in Taiwan. This paper aims to present the ruling mechanism and governing policy of territory between the ruling period of the Ching Dynasty, Japanese Colonial Authorities and Republic of China government by investigating the evolution of administrative region: Why should it be adjusted? What is the dependence of the adjustment? What is the outcome after the adjustment? This study presents how the governors partitioned the territory of Taiwan in a bid to disunite the people for the purpose of ruling rather than how the partition of administrative region is appropriate for Taiwan. In this paper, The two terms “Capital” and “Coercion” presented by Charles Tilly for the explanation of the development of European states in modern century, “Disciplinary Society” proposed by Michel Foucault and “Production of Space” proposed by Henri Lefebvre have been employed to analyze the evolution of Taiwan’s administrative region for comprehending the operation of the ruler’s power during the adjustment of administrative region. According to the investigation of governing policy of territory over the ruling period of the Ching Dynasty, Japanese Colonial Authorities and Republic of China government, this study indicates that authorities of the Ching Dynasty had rationally ruled Taiwan and however, the reins of government could not be incorporated into the regional society because of ambiguous reign over the local government and thus limited their compelling power on the local government. Japanese colonial authorities and Republic of China government had fulfilled the normalization and bureaucratization of local government by means of their powerful administrative ability and thus enhanced the authority of the rulers. After World War II, Chinese government became a partner in the world capitalism system through the support of American and provided a capitalistic environment to meet the requirement of this system. Both of the two authorities molded a new society in Taiwan, recreating the traditional society based on agricultural economics to enhance the development of capitalistic environment by means of the edification of mechanism. As a result, Taiwan has been “governmentalization”.
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Genther, Phyllis Ann. "The changing government-business relationship Japan's passenger car industry /." 1986. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/19996165.html.
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Leduc, Benoit Rousseau. "Why reforms succeeded or failed : policy competition and regulatory adaptation in Japan’s postwar health policy." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/12777.
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This dissertation investigates the position that interest groups occupy in the decisionmaking
process of the government of Japan from case studies in the area of health
policy. Three important points are demonstrated. First, the medical associations have
created strong interdependent linkages to the party in power and have obtained their
policy preferences from within the party's decision-making organs. Second, the policy
design process in Japan's leading political party, the Liberal Democratic Party, has left
little room for the prime minister's initiatives in health care policy. The party has
deconcentrated the policy approval process in various councils over which the prime
minister has little or no influence. This stands in sharp contrast to the situation
prevailing in most parliamentary systems. Third, the thesis demonstrates how the prime
minister can, through the design of supra-partisan national councils for reforms,
temporarily bypass the normal policymaking channels of the party and enhance its
ability to carry out policy adaptation. Two such national councils are investigated: the
Nakasone Provisional Council on Administrative Reform (1981-84) and the Hashimoto
Administrative Reform Council (1997-98). The temporary national councils are
investigated as institutions complementary to the normal policymaking channels of the
ministerial and party committees. In the field of health care, the national councils have
introduced policy options which had been rejected for years by the medical body and
the party in power. The Hashimoto national council, in particular, introduced marketoriented
policies that significantly altered Japan's health care system. Three policy areas
are investigated: the introduction of principles of information disclosure through the
provision of medical files, the creation of transparent price determination mechanisms,
and the attempt at reforming the medical fee schedule. These policy changes are seen as
a first step toward the introduction of market principles in Japan's service economy.
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Kim, Jong Ki. "The consequences of the Occupation's press policy for Japan's postwar political development." 1992. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/32094687.html.
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Miller, Benjamin L. "The political economy of Japan's Tariff Policy : a quantitative analysis." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/128778.
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This thesis uses quantitative techniques in an
attempt to identify the underlying determinants of nominal
and effective tariff protection of manufacturing industry
in Japan.
The two alternative models of tariff policy formation
in Japan -- the national income maximization model (Japan
Inc.) and the income redistribution model -- are well
suited to cross-sectional regression analysis because they
make completely contradictory predictions about the
relationship between tariff protection (and exemption from
tariff cuts) received and industry comparative advantage.
Expressing the predictions of the opposing models in
terms suitable for quantitative testing is straightforward
because each of the models uses the same set of easily
observable industry structural characteristics to serve as
proxy measures for present and expected future comparative
advantage.
Because the models are in agreement with regard to
what constitutes the set of important explanatory
variables, but make clear-cut and unambiguously
contradictory predictions about the direction of
correlation between each of these independent variables
and the dependent variable (tariff levels or changes in
tariff levels), a cross-sectional study can be used to
determine which, if either, of the models has the greater
explanatory power.
The empirical results strongly contradict the
prediction of the income maximization model that tariff
protection is given to industries which are at an
increasing comparative advantage. That is, the
correlations between tariff protection received and the
proxies for comparative advantage were all significantly
negative. However, the contention of the income
redistribution model that tariff protection i s given to
industries at a high and increasing comparative
disadvantage was supported (could not be rejected with any
degree of statistical confidence).
Thus, the evidence suggests that tariff protection in
postwar Japan has served the goal of income redistribution rather than that of national income maximization. The
fundamental determinant of tariff protection received by
an industry appears not to have been its potential for
developing and maintaining international competitiveness
in the future; rather tariff protection tended to be
granted to industries at a high and increasing comparative
disadvantage.
Specifically, between 1965 and 1975 tariff protection
in Japan clearly discriminated in favor of industries that
added little value to their inputs, had low levels of
worker productivity and low rates of productivity
increase, were unskilled labor intensive, and had low
economies of scale, rates of growth, and international
competitiveness.
The results of these regressions are very similar, in
both direction and strength of association, to those
resulting from previous application of these techniques to
the analysis of tariff policy formation in other
industrial economies.
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YU-PING, SU, and 蘇玉坪. "A Research on the Distinction of the Accountability Between Central Government and the Local Self-Government Body Over Police Affairs－With Special Reference to the Japanese Legal System." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76621861805251471076.
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碩士國立臺北大學
法律學系一般生組
96
The distinction of accountability between central and local levels are subject to the subject/objective environment, regulations, and impacts of historical progress in different countries. Therefore, there exist different models of distribution. Despite the differences, the goals of pursuing national stability and development, as well as providing an environment for people to live and work happily remain constant. However, how accountability can be distributed between central and local government bodies over police affairs in local system reformation under current constitutional order so as to progress from the closed one-whip method adopted by central police organization in the past to a more multiple participation from local government-body, the distribution of related accountability between central and local government-bodies, the response and adjustment toward such a redistribution are well worth discussing. This thesis contains more than 140,000 words and is categorized into five chapters. A short introduction is listed below: Chapter One: Introduction. Stating the motif and the purposes of the research, the range, limitation, and the methodology of the research. Chapter Two: The accountability of central and local government-bodies under the Taiwanese constitutional order. First, the significance and the nature of self-government are explored, which are followed by an examination on the theories of distribution of accountability between central and local government-bodies. Then the opinions from domestic scholars and experts are organized to construct the foundation and mechanism of solution in terms of the distribution of accountability in Taiwan. Chapter Three: The distribution of accountability over police affairs between central and local government-bodies in Japan. An old saying goes like: One can avoid making the same mistakes by mirroring other’s mistakes. Through the introduction of the Japanese police system, we can understand the operation of police affairs between central and local government-bodies, an example our legal system of police affairs can learn much from. Chapter Four: An examination of the distribution of accountability over police affairs between central and local government-bodies in Taiwan. Examining the distribution of accountability over police affairs between central and local government-bodies in Taiwan from the perspectives of constitution, police laws, local legal systems, especially on the distribution of legislative, executive, personnel rights, as well as on the budget. In this thesis, references from scholars and experts, along with special reference to Japanese police system, for the purpose of composing a direction for future amendments in Taiwanese police legal system. Chapter Five: Conclusion and suggestions. Summarizing the perspectives raised in former chapters while raising substantial conclusion and suggestions on possible improvement to be made. In this thesis, we propose that police affairs are of mission qualities both on national and local levels. The central and the local government-bodies should work hand in hand to complete the mission to comply to the spirit of local self-government, as well as the existence of the nation. Furthermore, police force is an indispensable segment of national administration, the design of the police legal system is crucial in the execution of police affairs, which demands urgent solutions made from the system.
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Jarvis, Steven. "Incubation nation : mobile internet and Japan's changed role at the technological frontier." Phd thesis, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150016.
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