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Journal articles on the topic 'Japan Social aspects'
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1
Junko, Kitagawa. "Some aspects of Japanese popular music." Popular Music 10, no. 3 (October 1991): 305–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000004669.
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In 1959, the Conlon report, a presentation of United States government policies in relation to Asian cultures, stated the following about Japanese culture (in a section titled ‘Social change’):Developments within and among the various Japanese social classes suggest the dynamic, changing quality of modern Japan … No area of Japan, moreover, is beyond the range of the national publications, radio, and even TV. New ideas can be quickly and thoroughly disseminated; it is in this sense that Japanese culture can become more standardised even as it is changing. Many of the changes look in the direction of the United States; in such diverse fields as gadgets, popular music, and fashions. American influence is widespread. And this is but one evidence of the general desire to move away from the spartan, austere past toward a more comfortable, convenient future.
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Mostipan, O. M. "SOCIAL AND POLITICAL ASPECTS OF THE FIRST STATE HISTORY OF JAPAN "NIHON SHOKI"." Humanities Studies, no. 31 (2018): 74–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2521-6805.2018/31-7/11.
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The article analyzes the historical and socio-political foundations for the first draft of the state history in Japan, which gave impetus to the processes of institutional building, as well as the design of mechanisms and structures of government that have proved their effectiveness for centuries in the future.
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Kumagai, Tamaki, Mikiko Ito, Yoshihiko Yamazaki, Kayoko Sekijima, Kazue Sakakibara, Yoko Matsutomo, Fumiko Hijikigawa, and Hisako Yamada. "Long-term prognosis of patients with West syndrome in Japan: social aspects." Brain and Development 23, no. 7 (November 2001): 695–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0387-7604(01)00269-8.
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Kondo, Hiroyuki. "Education and Social Mobility in Postwar Japan: Trends and Some Institutional Aspects." International Journal of Japanese Sociology 9, no. 1 (September 2000): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-6781.2000.tb00073.x.
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Aoki, Kei. "Social value created by co-creation - new aspects of consumer participation." Impact 2021, no. 2 (February 26, 2021): 82–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.2.82.
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The advent of the internet has increased the means by which consumers can make positive contributions to enhance brand value. There are many significant benefits associated with building sustainable relationships with customers, especially if it becomes possible to forge connections with individuals to build acommunity or ecosystem through which customers interact with each other. Associate Professor Kei Aoki, based within the Hirao School of Management at Konan University in Japan, is carrying out research to understand customer engagement with brands, with a specific focus on customer-to-customer relationships and how they have an effect on participants' wellbeing.
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Joby, Chris. "Approaches to Writing a Social History of Dutch in Japan." Neerlandica Wratislaviensia 26 (May 18, 2017): 69–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.19195/8060-0716.26.3.
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To date there has been no social history of the interesting subject of the Dutch language in Japan from c.1600 to 1900. This article provides a brief introduction to the use of Dutch in Japan, and then considers three possible approaches to writing such a history, evaluating the merits of each approach. The first of these is to analyse the use of Dutch in Japan by communities of language. The second approach is domain-based. This approach considers the use of language within social domains or spheres of activity, such as commerce and education. The third approach is a function-based one, which focusses on the purposes for which individuals and groups used Dutch. These include functions such as translation and interpretation. The article concludes that given the particularity of the use of Dutch in Japan, it may be better to use aspects of each approach in writing a social history on this subject.
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Bancheva, A. I. "ECO-INNOVATIONS IN JAPAN: THE MAIN DIRECTIONS." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(32) (October 28, 2013): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-5-32-190-196.
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The paper presents the main aspects of the environmental technologies sector nowadays in Japan. Basing on the governmental definition of «ecological innovations», eco-innovations are developed according to the traditional Japanese concept of value creation – «monozukuri». Ecological innovations include technological improvements as well as social reforms. So far the paper draws an attention on two types of innovations: engineering technologies and social reforms (programms, education etc.). Basing on governmental Programs and open data bases the most important environmental technologies for nowadays in Japan are defined. From author’s point of view the first vector for Japan is «green energy» (alternative energy, energy efficiency) – innovations concern the challenge of climate change. Regarding this issue the aspects and technologies from «The Cool Earth Innovative Energy Technology Program» are described. The second vector is eco-innovations for pollution control and waste utilization – the traditional sector for Japan from 1970s. And the third one is defined as information and communication technologies for environmental challenges («green ICT») – the new vector for Japan as well as for the other countries. In the paper the issues of research and development activities, financial issues eco-innovations’ management and transfer are considered. The role of Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST) and National Institute of Science and Technology Policy (NISTEP) is discussed. The significant issue of verification of new technologies realized by Ministry of Environment in Japan is mentioned.
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Shkura, Iryna S., and Oleksii O. Yaloza. "PRACTICAL ASPECTS OF ELABORATION OF INTERNATIONAL INVESTMENT PROJECT IN EDUCATION SPHERE IN JAPAN." Європейський вектор економічного розвитку 1, no. 32 (June 2022): 108–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.32342/2074-5362-2022-1-32-10.
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In Japan, one of the strongest economies in the world and home to 125 million people, proficiency in English language is associated with the huge advantages and signifies privilege since the Meiji era when English was used as a tool by Japanese elite in a technological catch-up with the West. The seven years of U.S. occupation of the country after the Second World War have also left a big impact on the Japan’s economic, political and social development. The reconstruction of Japan aided by Americans altered the perception of Japanese people, associating English language with such ideas like freedom and democracy. During the seven years of occupation the country faced a lot of political and economic changes, including liberalization, and was slowly transitioning its central industries from agriculture to light manufacturing and later to heavy manufacturing. The economy of Japan has been slowly recovering from an era of economic stagnation, it is on the path of the moderate growth. Today, it is the third strongest economy with the nominal GDP of about $5.06 trillion that is focused on advanced manufacturing and export, agriculture, fishing and tourism. Japan is very special and different from other countries; a lot of great companies and unique business practices were born there. It is also leading in high-tech innovations and manufacturing. While having a lot of opportunities for various businesses, being politically stable and safe country, its bureaucracy and the comparative difficulty of doing business for foreigners makes it a controversial but potentially rewarding choose for an investment project. In the recent years, the necessity of knowing how to communicate in English has increased significantly. The school program focuses mainly on such skills as reading and writing, and a lot of attempts to reform the system has failed. That is why parents and students are approaching private language schools to master the abilities of speaking and listening. In addition, English teaching is one of the most popular jobs for foreigners in Japan. The language school market is quite saturated, but at given circumstances it can be very rewarding. The idea of the investment project is to create a private language school that will focus on giving Japanese people the practical English skills. The project involves the creation of Gōdō Kaisha (a Japanese analogue to the LLC). This type of incorporation fits the company best, considering the size and scale of the activities. As the company is not planning to issue certificates, the need for special licensing from the state is absent. Appointing a representative director is obligatory in Japan, but GK, allows to appoint a representative director who is not a resident in Japan. The company plans to hire the foreigners already living in Japan, that way the company will be
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Harunasari, Siti Yulidhar, and Nurhasanah Halim. "Gegar Bahasa pada Program Pertukaran Mahasiswa Indonesia di Jepang: Sebuah Studi Kasus." Diglosia: Jurnal Kajian Bahasa, Sastra, dan Pengajarannya 4, no. 4 (November 1, 2021): 401–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.30872/diglosia.v4i4.212.
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The purpose of this study was to describe the experience of a language learner in an Indonesian student exchange program in Japan aimed to enable students to learn the language and culture directly in their home country. This experience was captured through a descriptive case study conducted to obtain a clear picture of what happened and find out what aspects could cause language concussion; and how the influence of language shock on the social acculturation of language learners. Data were collected through observation and interviews. The results showed that the language shock experienced by the Research Subjects in the target language environment included linguistic aspects at the phonological and morphological levels. Sociolinguistic aspects at the level of the use of a variety of respect. Anxiety also occurs due to the loss of signs and symbols of social relationships commonly known by the Research Subjects. Therefore, cultural differences between Indonesia and Japan should be anticipated so as not to cause difficulties in carrying out social acculturation.
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Inoue, Ken, Sadayuki Hashioka, and Haruo Takeshita. "Tailgating (aori-unten): A recent major social issue in Japan." Medicine, Science and the Law 60, no. 3 (April 19, 2020): 234. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0025802420917063.
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Rahkonen, Carl, Yoshimasa Kurabayashi, Yoshiro Matsuda, and Richard Curt Kraus. "Economic and Social Aspects of the Performing Arts in Japan: Symphony Orchestras and Opera." Notes 47, no. 4 (June 1991): 1169. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/941658.
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Okuno, Shigeyo, Akira Tagaya, Masae Tamura, and Anne J. Davis. "Elderly Japanese People Living in Small Towns Reflect on End-Of-Life Issues." Nursing Ethics 6, no. 4 (July 1999): 308–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309900600406.
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This article, reporting on selected data from a larger study, discusses some responses to end-of-life questions that elderly Japanese people who were living in small towns gave in a questionnaire survey. Japan is now the country with the largest number of elderly people in the world and confronts numerous social and economic questions concerning how best to cope with its older population. Although it is a highly urbanized society, Japan also has large semirural areas. The focus here is on the questions in the survey that sought responses to ethical dimensions of end-of-life issues. The findings demonstrate the strength of traditional values that still exist throughout small towns in Japan.
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Sawada, Aiko. "The Nurse Shortage Problem in Japan." Nursing Ethics 4, no. 3 (May 1997): 245–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096973309700400309.
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This article discusses the serious problem of the shortage of about 50 000 nurses in Japan today. If efficient measures to solve it are not adopted by administrators, it is clear that the shortage will become still more alarming in the future, in a society with more people in advanced years and in which the numbers in the younger generation will decrease from now on. The main factors behind the Japanese nursing labour shortage are, among others: a rapid increase in the number of hospital beds between 1986 and 1989; poor working conditions; and nurses’ low social position in their places of work. Behind these factors, there has always been a contempt for the art of nursing in our society. Why has Japanese society made light of nursing? Three points can be identified: traditional discrimination against women; our disregard for a religious mentality; and our short history of hospital nursing. To overcome these problems, we must first of all change fundamentally our sense of values, such as love for one another and compassion. We must now reconstruct a caring culture in our society.
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Hosoda, Masahiro. "Management control systems and corporate social responsibility: perspectives from a Japanese small company." Corporate Governance: The International Journal of Business in Society 18, no. 1 (February 5, 2018): 68–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cg-05-2017-0105.
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Purpose Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become part of daily business for small- and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Japan. The purpose of this study is to explore how management control systems (MCSs) can support the translation of activities into CSR actions using a case study of a SME in Japan. Design/methodology/approach The case is based on an interview with a CEO of a SME in Japan. The paper contributes to the discussion on CSR and MCSs and investigates the integration of CSR activities in SMEs in Japan through MCSs. Findings The case company’s formal control systems incorporate environmental and social aspects that are reflected in its top-down, stakeholder-centered approach into CSR through a formal CSR policy. An informal control system is evident and reflected in the CEO’s emphasis on creating shared value by implementing CSR. An interactive control system, a type of formal control system, is useful in the interactions between CEOs and employees and in translating the opinions of stakeholders into CSR actions. Formal control systems can be supported by informal control systems in the implementation of CSR activities. Originality/value This research contributes to the management accounting literature by showing that formal and informal control systems can support the motivation of employees and the integration of stakeholders’ opinions on the implementation of SMEs CSR activities in Japan. The MCS approach also contributes to SMEs in Japan that seek to address the demographic and economic challenges.
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Yamaguchi, Ayano, Min-Sun Kim, Atsushi Oshio, and Satoshi Akutsu. "Influences of Social Capital on Natural Disaster Research in Japan." Journal of Sustainable Development 10, no. 3 (May 31, 2017): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v10n3p46.
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The purpose of this study is to seek fresh insight into those aspects of social capital that increase individuals' health and well-being after a disaster such as the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. This paper is organized as follows. The theoretical development of the social capital is presented in a literature review. Then, the design and results of the free answers in the open-ended question is described. Finally, this study investigates whether previous findings on the bright and dark sides of social capital and psychological stress are confirmed and highlights how the bright and dark sides of social capital has affected psychological stress, health, and well-being in Japanese disaster context. In other words, the significant mechanisms and roles of social capital in a disaster context is explored. Based on the findings, the theoretical and practical contributions of this study to disaster research are discussed.
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SAITO, OSAMU. "Introduction: The economic and social aspects of the family life-cycle in traditional and modern Japan." Continuity and Change 15, no. 1 (May 2000): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0268416099003458.
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Since the publication of the seminal book of essays Household and family in past time in 1972, much research on the history of the family has concentrated on the situation in western and eastern Europe, and relied almost exclusively on census-type documents. It is, for example, established that whereas mean household size was small, the mean age at first marriage fairly high and neo-localism (the formation of an independent household on marriage) dominant in western Europe, almost the opposite applied in eastern Europe. Yet these findings do not preclude the possibility of discovering regions where in statistical terms the mean household size was not large and the proportion of complex households not particularly high, but where the neo-local mode of household formation was not the norm. Such a region could have a preference for joint families (two or more married sons co-residing with their father) with a low-fertility demographic regime, or stem families (one co-residing married son) with that of intermediate to low fertility.Traditional Japan is an example of just such a stem-family society. There the household, not the individual, was perceived as the basic social and legal unit of society. This unit was called ie and its headship, authority and property were expected to be handed down from the father to a particular son, enabling the household to follow alternating stages of ‘simple’, ‘multiple’ and ‘extended’ forms over the developmental cycle, more or less in accordance with the predictions of Lutz Berkner. As articles in the section of Laslett and Wall's Household and family on Japan have already shown, the mean household size in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century Japan was not higher than that in England, but the mean age at marriage was lower than in the English population. Moreover, household formation and succession rules under the Japanese ie system were not compatible with the simple family mode.
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Kimura, Mitsuhiko. "Financial Aspects of Korea's Economic Growth under Japanese Rule." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 4 (October 1986): 793–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013731.
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Feeling strong pressure from Western Powers Japan abandoned her seclusion policy in 1854 and inaugurated serious efforts to modernize her society and economy after the Meiji Restoration in 1868. She, in turn, forced Korea who had been keeping the seclusion policy on her own to open the door in 1876. The feudal Korean government (the Yi Dynasty, 1392–1910) was impelled to embark on social and economic reforms by opening the door. Yet, after nearly thirty years’ struggle to make reforms and to secure the independence of the country, Korea was converted into a protectorate of Japan in 1905 and was officially annexed to her in 1910. The Japanese government recognized that the creation of modern monetary and banking systems in Korea was the precondition for trade expansion between the two countries (for Japan, rice imports on the one hand and textile exports on the other) and thus started its colonial rule over Korea by establishing a central bank, development banks and financial cooperatives. This paper aims at setting forth an analysis of a more or less unexplored field in the study of the economic history of Korea, that is, the financial aspects of her economic growth under Japanese rule. Particularly, emphasis will be placed on quantitative analysis of major financial variables represented by money, interest rates and bank credit. Before proceeding to the main subject, it may well serve to review some of the financial problems in the late Yi Dynasty period.
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Fitriasari, Dewi, and Naoko Kawahara. "Japan investment and Indonesia sustainability reporting: an isomorphism perspective." Social Responsibility Journal 14, no. 4 (October 1, 2018): 859–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/srj-04-2017-0062.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to detect focal issues in sustainability reports in two different Asian countries based on the operating sustainability reporting law and regulations and to explore possible changes in laws and regulations because of investment interactions between the two countries. Design/methodology/approach This paper provides a descriptive literature review on laws and regulations related to sustainability reporting in Japan and Indonesia followed by an interpretive approach in the analysis. Findings Laws and regulations in Japan can lead to focus on the environmental aspect of sustainability. Laws and regulations in Indonesia can lead to variations in all aspects of sustainability reporting. All types of institutional isomorphism are possible investment system pressures. Practical implications This paper redefines issues in sustainability reporting based on the reporting environment created by laws and regulations in Japan and Indonesia. Originality/value This study assists researchers and investment analysts in understanding inherent reporting issues because of laws and regulations in both countries, and it expands existing theory for voluntary and mandatory reporting interaction studies.
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Nakajima, Takahiro. "DIALOGICAL TRANSCENDENCE AND HOPE." International Journal of Asian Studies 14, no. 2 (July 2017): 197–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147959141700002x.
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“Japan has everything except hope.” This is a phrase that has become current to explain the social climate of contemporary Japan, such as the problems of bullying in schools and workplaces, the high suicide rate, people who have withdrawn from society, ethnic discrimination, and so on. These are not accidental problems, but historically and socially structured ones that have surfaced as expressions of the modern forms of individualism. They are not isolated phenomena found only in Japan, but may be seen as aspects of a broader crisis of global modernity. How can we transform this desperate, self-destructing social situation and find a sustainable future? This line of questioning is one of the crucial problems in this critically important book by Prasenjit Duara.
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Kondo, Atsushi. "The Development of Immigration Policy in Japan." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 11, no. 4 (December 2002): 415–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680201100404.
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This article traces the development of Japan's immigration policy and the factors which shape its content. The first part discusses the unique aspects of Japan's immigration policy; the second part outlines the development of an integration policy; the third part examines how admission and immigration controls will have to contend with social changes such as globalization and the aging of the Japanese population. The conclusion cites the need to establish a specific office to implement Japan's emerging integration policy.
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Sakuta, Tsutomu. "Some aspects of contributions of the information technology to psychiatry including social psychiatry in Japan." Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry 32, no. 3 (2016): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0971-9962.193201.
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Nguyen Thi, Khoa. "MANAGEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL SERVICES IN JAPAN AND EXPERIENCE FOR VIETNAM." Science and Technology Development Journal 17, no. 4 (December 31, 2014): 20–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v17i4.1540.
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Social services are services that meet demands of community and individuals for social development, enhance welfare and social equality, promote ethical values and humanities, for humans and of socio-economic nature which can be provided by government, society or market. Social services can be either public or private dependent on its type, in the fields of education, training, medicine, science, technology, culture, information, sports or other social assistance forms. Despite facing with economic and social challenges, Japan remains a powerhouse not only in world’s economy but also in social management and development. Japan has strived to find the most suitable management model to enhance living standards, in which social services have obtained outstanding achievements. Their experience is worth learning. Through analyzing Japan’s social management and development model, we found that it is necessary for Vietnam to define a theoretical and practical basis for social services and welfare policies in a clear, thorough and uniform manner in order to create a suitable model for social services development. This is for the primary target of generating a better life in both physical and mental aspects.
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OTHMAN, Suha Adel. "NOBUSUKE KISHI AND HIS ROLE IN JAPANESE POLITICS (1957- 1960)." Rimak International Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences 4, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 41–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47832/2717-8293.15.4.
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The study touched on an important topic in Japan, which is (Prime Minister of Japan Nobusuke Kishi from 1957-1960) and he also had an "important political role because of his great importance to Japan, where in this year (1957) he became the Prime Minister of Japan and had a great role in his proximity It was also characterized by a policy of establishing good relations with European countries for joint cooperation in order to establish friendly relations and establish security agreements, especially with the United States of America. Nobusuke Kishi was the great statesman, especially in the field of economy, and he was loved by the United States of America because of its strong and reassuring relations with him. The study was divided into an introduction, a conclusion, and three sections. The first topic dealt with Nobusuke Kishi, his life and political role until 1957. While the second topic spoke to Nobusuke Kishi's internal policy in Japan, as well as regarding the third topic, it shed light on it, dealing with Nobusuke Kishi's foreign policy. Finally, it should be noted that Nobusuke Kishi's political role still needs more studies and research, especially since this modest effort touched on one aspect of the political aspect. We hope that later studies will address the economic, social and cultural aspects that had an important impact on Japan's policy and in In conclusion. Key words: Nobusuke Kishi, Japan, Political, United States of America, Foreign Policy.
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Petraroli, Irene, and Roger C. Baars. "Disaster preparedness communication and perception of foreign residents in Kansai, Japan: a socio-cultural study." April 2022 10.47389/37, No 2 (April 2022): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.2.81.
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There is a misconception that Japan is a monocultural and homogeneous country. The variety of social classes and the increasing rate of foreigners, repatriates and students living in Japan defies this assumption. However, disaster preparedness and communication strategies tend to simplify the problem of multicultural communication in disaster as a purely linguistic issue. This research examines the assumption by Japanese policymakers and media that all residents in the Japanese archipelago are equally equipped with the cultural background and basic knowledge of the ‘average Japanese’. The research questions were: ‘how do foreign residents living in Japan perceive disaster preparedness and communication strategies?’ and ‘what are the factors affecting their perceptions?’. Research findings suggest that the challenges faced by foreign residents go well beyond linguistic barriers and include cultural and social aspects that occur in their daily lives. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the perceived risks for foreign residents in Japan and suggests improvements in preparedness and communication strategies to minimise the vulnerabilities of communities in Japan.
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Petraroli, Irene, and Roger C. Baars. "Disaster preparedness communication and perception of foreign residents in Kansai, Japan: a socio-cultural study." April 2022 10.47389/37, No 2 (April 2022): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.47389/37.281.
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There is a misconception that Japan is a monocultural and homogeneous country. The variety of social classes and the increasing rate of foreigners, repatriates and students living in Japan defies this assumption. However, disaster preparedness and communication strategies tend to simplify the problem of multicultural communication in disaster as a purely linguistic issue. This research examines the assumption by Japanese policymakers and media that all residents in the Japanese archipelago are equally equipped with the cultural background and basic knowledge of the ‘average Japanese’. The research questions were: ‘how do foreign residents living in Japan perceive disaster preparedness and communication strategies?’ and ‘what are the factors affecting their perceptions?’. Research findings suggest that the challenges faced by foreign residents go well beyond linguistic barriers and include cultural and social aspects that occur in their daily lives. This paper contributes to a better understanding of the perceived risks for foreign residents in Japan and suggests improvements in preparedness and communication strategies to minimise the vulnerabilities of communities in Japan.
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Tauchi, Hisashi, Tsuneko Sato, and Yoshitake Ito. "Morphological aspects of aging liver: half a century of progress in Japan." Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 19, no. 2 (September 1994): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4943(94)90035-3.
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Sutton, Eileen, Simon Pemberton, Eldin Fahmy, and Yuko Tamiya. "Stigma, Shame and the Experience of Poverty in Japan and the United Kingdom." Social Policy and Society 13, no. 1 (September 25, 2013): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1474746413000419.
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Whilst stigma and shame are central features of the experience of poverty in capitalist societies, we know relatively little about crucial aspects of these phenomena, particularly how these experiences differ according to variety of capitalist formation. This article draws on the available empirical literature to examine these relational aspects of poverty in two very different societies, the UK and Japan. Through comparing these literatures, we are able to comment on the ways in which stigma is manifest in differing social, personal and institutional contexts and, therefore, is internalised as shame in similar and divergent forms in these respective societies. We note the very different social values and forms of welfare that constitute these societies which are at times responsible for contrasting experiences of shame, yet conclude that stigma and shame perform important functions within capitalist societies as a means to legitimate the continued existence of poverty within these social systems, and are therefore universal phenomena.
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HIRAYAMA, YOSUKE, and MISA IZUHARA. "Women and Housing Assets in the Context of Japan's Home-owning Democracy." Journal of Social Policy 37, no. 4 (October 2008): 641–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279408002250.
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AbstractDespite the fact that women's rights have been increasingly defined as equal to men's in law and policy, in post-Second World War Japan women continue to be at a disadvantage in many aspects of social and economic life. Drawing from a survey of 2,205 Japanese women, this article focuses in particular on women's home ownership as a new catalyst behind increasing social stratification in Japan. The women's experiences are closely linked to Japan's institutional ‘familism’: the development of social policy that has been explicitly connected to the male-breadwinner model. We argue that a wide range of institutional and policy practices – mortgage provision, property ownership, social security and taxation and labour market mechanisms – has combined to define the housing asset status of women. We discuss the women's current housing asset portfolio, and also recent socio-economic changes that have begun to redefine their position in a home-owning society. The case of Japan – a patriarchal but shifting home-owning democracy – contributes to our understanding of the contemporary dynamics of women's interaction between family, work and housing in the institutional context.
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Kaliński, Janusz. "Jen - od ery Meiji do ery Heisei." Kwartalnik Kolegium Ekonomiczno-Społecznego. Studia i Prace, no. 2 (November 28, 2014): 123–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.33119/kkessip.2014.2.6.
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The aim of this paper is to provide short introduction to the history of Yen from its introduction as Japanese currency in 1870s. The paper highlights most impor‑ tant aspects in interrelations between monetary policy and economic, social and military development of Japan in 19, 20 and 21 centuries.
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Sato Kan, Hiroshi. "Sociology of precondition for Japanese Miracle." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.38.
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In Japan, World War II was followed by a period of reconstruction and economic growth known as 'the Japanese Miracle'. Although the economic aspects of the nation's recovery are known, there is little emphasis placed on the social development efforts that facilitated this. Professor Hiroshi Sato, Chief Senior Researcher, Institute of Developing Economies; Japan External Trade Organization (IDE-JETRO), believes that social development policies are the precursor to economic growth and pave the way for social change. He is collaborating with other leading researchers on a range of projects to explore the links between social development and economic growth in developing countries. Sato is collaborating with: Professor Kazuko Tatsumi, Fukuoka University to investigate the rural livelihood improvement movement in post-war Japan; Professor Mariko Sakamoto, Aichi Medical University to explore the impact of Occupation policy on public health; and Associate Professor Mayuko Sano, Fukuoka Prefectural University to investigate the history of coal mining town Tagawa city. Sato believes that the rapid economic growth of developing countries without prior social development is unsustainable and widens the gap between rich and poor, with the distribution of wealth becoming unfairly biased towards the rich.
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Park, Kwang-Duck. "Comparative Study on Long-term Care Insurance for the Elderly in Korea and Japan - focused on local government -." Korea Association of Local Administration 19, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 75–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.32427/klar.2022.19.2.75.
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Japan is the best case study of a low-fertility and aged society in Korea, and the fundamental purpose of this study is to find clues in Japan to overcome Korea's low-fertility and aged society. Therefore, the researcher evaluates and analyzes the various social policy that Japan has taken for the aging society, and intends to find our social welfare policy for the elderly from there. In the analysis, the researcher basically stood in the position of new institutionalism, identified the policy's historicity, path dependency, and value orientation. Gilbert and Terrel used more practical for using spectrum not dichotomy. Their policy analysis breaks away from the dichotomous approach of the existing universalist value and the selective approach, and places selectivism and universalism as two extremes so that they can analyze more realistic aspects, and set their position on one spectrum. Research also use this analysis tool because It is a very realistic policy analysis method to analyze whether between two counties, Korea and Japan are differenciated with each other or not. Researcher intends to reveal the characteristics of the welfare states of Korea and Japan. The analysis includes selection of values for policy making, and the policies used in the analysis include not only long-term care insurance (LTC) but also social services for the elderly for a low-fertility and aging society. Through the analysis so far, the researcher confirmed the fact that Korea and Japan, which belong to the same type of welfare state, especially Long-term care insurance and social services for the elderly between the two countries. They are clearly divided into more selective perspectives in Korea and more universalistic perspectives in Japan. Finally, I would like to conclude by suggesting and writing about the establishment of a regional integrated care system that Japan is promoting as a measure for a low-fertility and aging society.
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Pratidina, Indah S. "Online Perspectives on ASEAN-Japan Relations: An Analysis of ASEAN-related Japanese Tweets." IKAT : The Indonesian Journal of Southeast Asian Studies 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2018): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ikat.v2i1.37393.
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ASEAN targets internal integration and strong external relations with its partner countries. Japan has stressed its long-standing support for ASEAN. The year 2013 saw the 40th anniversary of Japan-ASEAN relations when Japanese state actors put considerable efforts into marking this anniversary. Although Japan remains one of ASEAN's largest trading partners and sources of foreign direct investment, recent years has witnessed power relations dynamic in the region with China and South Korea actively engaging as well. State actors’ statements and mainstream media coverage on ASEAN-Japan relations, particularly on economic and political security issues, had been the heavy focus of scholars interested in the field. An analysis of social media, and in particular Twitter, offers alternative insights for a more comprehensive observation. The total of 3.29 million tweets containing the word “ASEAN” were collected from November 2013 to December 2015. From the dataset, it was identified that tweets using Japanese language are the third highest in volume after Indonesian and English. Content analyses were conducted to answer the questions on how ASEAN as an entity is viewed by the populations of its partner countries; which aspects of the integration project attract Twitter users’ interests also, in the relation to strong external relations that ASEAN want to pursue, which countries are mentioned in the tweets and on which aspects? Using keywords from the Blueprints of ASEAN Community’s integration aspects, the tweets were categorized as related to economics, political-security and socio-cultural topics. Countries mentioned in the dataset were counted and then categorized according to these aspects as well. The study finds economic and political-security themed tweets are the largest in volume with heavy mentioning of Japan, China and South Korea. Results suggest that online conversations about ASEAN are still strongly influenced by government and mainstream media’s agenda.
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Watanabe, Kanae. "Preschool education that protects one's health and life, grows oneself, and cultivates a foundation for physical, mental and social health." Impact 2020, no. 8 (December 16, 2020): 18–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2020.8.18.
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Dr Kanae Watanabe, from Kanagawa University in Japan, has focused her career on researching children's health and education in Japan. She is now working with a team of researchers to synthesise best practices for human science and childhood studies that has potential to revolutionise society. Her recent on-the-ground research has been based on travelling to countries that place a lot of emphasis on childcare and childhood. Here she undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the system to include not only the positive aspects, but also the downsides to their approaches. Her aim is to demonstrate to both workplaces and local governments the benefits of improving the lives of small children, and how this will ultimately benefit society.
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Traphagan, John W. "Culture and Long-Term Care: The Bath as Social Service in Japan." Care Management Journals 5, no. 1 (March 2004): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/cmaj.5.1.53.61263.
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A central feature of Japan’s approach to community-based care of the elderly, including long-term home health care, is the emphasis on providing bath facilities. For mobile elders, senior centers typically provide a public bathing facility in which people can enjoy a relaxing soak along with friends who also visit the centers. In terms of in-home long-term care, visiting bath services are provided to assist family care providers with the difficult task of bathing a frail or disabled elder—a task made more problematic as a result of the Japanese style of bathing. I argue that the bath, as social service, is a culturally shaped solution to a specific problem of elder care that arises in the Japanese context as a result of the importance of the bath in everyday life for Japanese. While the services may be considered specific to Japan, some aspects of bathing services, particularly the mobile bath service, may also have applicability in the United States.
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Hoshino, Kazumasa. "Euthanasia: Current Problems in Japan." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 2, no. 1 (1993): 45–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096318010000061x.
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Approximately 30 years ago, a son prepared a cup of milk mixed with insecticide and arranged for his mother to unknowingly administer the poison to his father, who had been suffering severe pain after a cerebral apoplectic attack and demanding that his son assist him. in dying. After drinking the mixture, the father died, and the son was charged with homicide.
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Uriarte-Miranda, Maria-Lizbeth, Santiago-Omar Caballero-Morales, Jose-Luis Martinez-Flores, Patricia Cano-Olivos, and Anastasia-Alexandrovna Akulova. "Reverse Logistic Strategy for the Management of Tire Waste in Mexico and Russia: Review and Conceptual Model." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (September 25, 2018): 3398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103398.
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Management of tire waste is an important aspect of sustainable development due to its environmental, economical and social impacts. Key aspects of Reverse Logistics (RL) and Green Logistics (GL), such as recycling, re-manufacturing and reusable packaging, can improve the management of tire waste and support sustainability. Although these processes have been performed with a high degree of efficiency in other countries such as Japan, Spain and Germany, the application in Mexico and Russia has faced setbacks due to the absence of guidelines regarding legislation, RL processes, and social responsibility. Within this context, the present work aims to develop an integrated RL model to improve on these processes by considering the RL models from Russia and Mexico. For this, a review focused on RL in Mexico, Russia, Japan and the European Union (EU) was performed. Hence, the integrated model considers regulations and policies performed in each country to assign responsibilities regarding RL processes for the management of tire waste. As discussed, the implementation of efficient RL processes for the management of tire waste depends of different social entities such as the user (customer), private and public companies, and manufacturing and state-of-the-art approaches to transform waste into different products (diversification) to consider the RL scheme as a total economic system.
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Suzuki, Nobue. "Carework and Migration: Japanese Perspectives on the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement." Asian and Pacific Migration Journal 16, no. 3 (September 2007): 357–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/011719680701600303.
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This paper details the context of the reception of Filipino careworkers under the Japan-Philippines Economic Partnership Agreement (JPEPA). Following the reduction in the deployment of Filipina/o entertainers in Japan since March 2005, the potential deployment of careworkers to Japan has generated much interest in the Philippines. However, many aspects of careworker migration are not well understood. The primary objective of this paper is thus to clarify the social conditions surrounding the JPEPA to better understand the various issues involved in carework in Japan. Towards this end, the paper discusses the following: the attempt of the state to reduce the costs of carework; state policies on foreign workers and the prospect of bringing in Filipino careworkers under the JPEPA; the responses of government institutions, medical and labor organizations to careworker migration; the process of careworker migration as provided in the JPEPA; and possibilities of cooperation between Filipinos already in Japan and incoming careworkers.
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Broadbent, Jeffrey. "The Ties that Bind: Social Fabric and the Mobilization of Environmental Movements in Japan." International Journal of Mass Emergencies & Disasters 4, no. 2 (August 1986): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028072708600400212.
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This paper compares twelve social movements, all supporting or opposing environmental and industrialization issues, which occurred in the sixties and seventies in one prefecture in southern Japan, The independent variable is the type of local social fabric they arose within; the dependet variables, their mobilization process and goals. The data was collected through qualitative field work, including interviewing, observation and documents, and later coded into questionnaire form. The local social fabric, associational, mixed, or communal, affected several aspects of their mobilization process: goals, leader and follower motives, rate of success, and relation to dominant elites. In communal movements, the leader had more autonomy in setting goals, and followers were more loyal to him. Such movements were more idealistic. In associational movements, leadere and followers emphasized individualistic and material goals and motives. Elites attempted to coopt communal leaders more, because of the leaders’ more arbitrary power. Communal leaders reisted that if they had strong internalized values. Values penetrate movements through leaders. Communal social fabrics support new social movements in Japan, contrary to the Western experience, where such movements arise in more associational, middleclase fabrics.
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Belov, A. V. "Sociological aspects of Tokyo Olympics." Japanese Studies in Russia, no. 2 (July 4, 2022): 67–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2500-2872-2022-2-67-79.
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The Olympic and Paralympic Games in Tokyo in July–September 2021 took place in a challenging social environment that seriously affected the public perception of events. When preparing for the Olympics in 2013–2019, the Japanese people actively supported the Games, which was confirmed by the results of numerous sociological studies. In March 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic began, followed by several waves of infection. The competition was postponed for a year. Vaccination in Japan was delayed compared to most G7 countries. Against this background, in the summer of 2021, the most dangerous Delta strain of coronavirus began to spread in the country, bringing the rise in mortality rates, and the overflowing of hospitals in large cities. In such a difficult epidemiological and social situation, surveys recorded a negative attitude towards the Olympics. However, during the competition, the majority opinion once again turned positive, mainly due to the athletic successes of the Japanese team and effective anti-virus control measures. The absence of spectators in the venues, most probably, did not affect the sporting achievements significantly. At least, Japanese Olympic team won a record number of medals. Infection prevention measures proved effective in limiting the transmission of the virus among the athletes and the Japanese service personnel. The economic and symbolic achievements of the Games did not meet expectations, as, during the Olympics, it was not possible to properly address its significance as the end point of the low-growth “lost decades”, evidence of economic recovery after the triple disaster of 2011, and as a tool to increase Japan’s tourist attractiveness. Therefore, during a pandemic, major sports events should be held primarily to train top-class athletes and to increase populace satisfaction with the success of the national team rather than to obtain direct economic benefits or improve the host country’s image.
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Krebs, Stefan. "On the Anticipation of Ethical Conflicts between Humans and Robots in Japanese Mangas." International Review of Information Ethics 6 (December 1, 2006): 63–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.29173/irie141.
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The following contribution examines the influence of mangas and animes on the social perception and cultural understanding of robots in Japan. Part of it is the narrow interaction between pop culture and Japanese robotics: Some examples shall serve to illustrate spill-over effects between popular robot stories and the recent development of robot technologies in Japan. The example of the famous Astro boy comics will be used to help investigate the ethical conflicts between humans and robots thematised in Japanese mangas. With a view to ethical problems the stories shall be subsumed under different categorical aspects.
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Dorfleitner, Gregor, and Johannes Grebler. "Corporate social responsibility and systematic risk: international evidence." Journal of Risk Finance 23, no. 1 (January 4, 2022): 85–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jrf-07-2020-0162.
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PurposeThis paper aims to close gaps in the current literature according to whether there are differences regarding the relationship between corporate social performance (CSP) and systematic risk when diverse regions of the world are considered, and what the respective drivers for this relationship are. Furthermore, it tests the robustness to alternative measures for CSP and systematic risk.Design/methodology/approachThis study focuses on the impact of corporate social responsibility on systematic firm risk in an international sample. The authors measure CSP emerging from a company's social responsibility efforts by utilizing a CSP rating framework that covers a variety of dimensions. The instrumental variable approach is applied to mitigate endogeneity and identify causal relationships.FindingsThe impact of overall CSP on systematic risk is most distinct for North American firms and, in descending order, weaker in Europe, Asia–Pacific and Japan. Risk mitigation applies across all four regions. However, the magnitude of impact differs. While the most critical drivers in North America and Japan include product responsibility, Europe is affected most by the employees category and Asia–Pacific by environmental innovation.Practical implicationsThe findings help firms to control their cost of equity and investors may identify low-risk stocks by considering certain aspects of CSP.Originality/valueThis study distinguishes itself from previous literature addressing the connection between systematic risk and CSP by focusing on regional differences in an international sample, using the very transparent CSP measures of Asset4, identifying underlying impact drivers, and testing for robustness to alternative measures of systematic risk.
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Fujihara, Sho. "Socio-Economic Standing and Social Status in Contemporary Japan: Scale Constructions and Their Applications." European Sociological Review 36, no. 4 (May 20, 2020): 548–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/esr/jcaa010.
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Abstract Current debates on the conceptualization and measurement of social stratification are finding increasing value in Weber’s distinction between class and status for empirical analysis. However, aspects of Weber’s theory have yet to be sufficiently investigated. Indeed, it remains unclear whether Weber’s theory can be applied to temporally and culturally different circumstances, or whether social status is preferred to other occupational scales such as prestige or socio-economic standing. To address this gap, this study constructed a Japanese Socio-Economic Index (JSEI) and a Japanese Social Status Index (JSSI), using data from the Employment Status Survey conducted in 2007 and 2012. We applied these two indexes to analyses of social stratification in Japan, finding that the JSEI and JSSI worked better in the intergenerational inheritance of occupational status than the Japanese occupational prestige scale. We also found that the JSSI was useful for predicting the cultural activities of individuals—as Weber predicted. The JSEI and JSSI showed results similar to those found in European societies and so demonstrated their validity and usefulness for investigating social stratification in Japan, thereby extending European findings on social stratification into an Asian society.
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Kominato, Yoshihiko, Ichiro Shimada, Nobuhide Hata, Hisao Takizawa, and Takashi Fujikura. "Homicide Patterns in the Toyama Prefecture, Japan." Medicine, Science and the Law 37, no. 4 (October 1997): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002580249703700406.
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Homicides occurring in the Toyama prefecture, Japan, during the past 10 years were reviewed. Between 1985 and 1994, 56 offenders committed 63 homicides. The mean death rate for homicide was 0.55 per 100,000. The ratio of male to female victims was 1:1, while 82% of the assailants were male and 18% were female. The victim and the assailant had a close family relationship in 58.7% of the cases. Dyadic death (homicide followed by suicide) accounted for 27% of all victims. Twenty-nine per cent of the victims were murdered by mentally unstable offenders, and in almost half (44%) of the cases the offender was convicted. Homicides during robbery were rare (only two cases), and there was only one homicide during sexual assault. Death was caused by blunt instrument injury in 38.1% of cases, asphyxia in 31.7%, stabbing in 17.5%, burns in 9.5% and shooting in 3.2% (only two cases). The majority (80%) of homicides occurred at the residence of the victim(s). None of the victims had a history of drug abuse. Social conditions in Toyama prefecture, and their possible relevance to local homicide patterns, are discussed briefly.
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Bai, Koichi, Yasuko Shirai, and Michiko Ishii. "In Japan, Consensus Has Limits." Hastings Center Report 17, no. 3 (June 1987): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562256.
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Kajikawa, Kin-ichiro. "Japan: A New Field Emerges." Hastings Center Report 19, no. 4 (July 1989): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3562320.
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Hoshino, Kazumasa. "Gene Therapy in Japan: Current Trends." Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics 4, no. 3 (1995): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0963180100006125.
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The Japanese government took significant steps in making decisions about a newly developing clinical application of gene therapy when, on April 15, 1993, the Government officially accepted the Guidelines for Clinical Research on Gene Therapy submitted by the Health Science Council of the Ministry of Health and Welfare of Japan to the Minister.
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Xiao, Jing Jian, Barbara M. Newman, and Bie-shuein Chu. "Career Preparation of High School Students: A Multi-Country Study." Youth & Society 50, no. 6 (March 18, 2016): 818–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0044118x16638690.
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The purpose of this study was to examine factors associated with career preparation of high school students in four countries: China, Japan, South Korea, and the United States. The human bioecological theory was used as a framework to examine personal, process, and context factors associated with career preparation of the adolescents. Data were from a cross-national sample of more than 5,000 students in Grades 10 to 12. Results indicate that career planning and planning to attend a university after high school are distinct aspects of career preparation. Whereas process variables including interactions with parents about career planning and thinking about the future are related to the two aspects of career preparation across the four countries, other person and context predictors show country differences.
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NOMURA, TATSUYA, TOMOHIRO SUZUKI, TAKAYUKI KANDA, JEONGHYE HAN, NAMIN SHIN, JENNIFER BURKE, and KENSUKE KATO. "WHAT PEOPLE ASSUME ABOUT HUMANOID AND ANIMAL-TYPE ROBOTS: CROSS-CULTURAL ANALYSIS BETWEEN JAPAN, KOREA, AND THE UNITED STATES." International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 05, no. 01 (March 2008): 25–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219843608001297.
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To broadly explore the rationale behind more socially acceptable robot design and to investigate the psychological aspects of social acceptance of robotics, a cross-cultural research instrument, the Robot Assumptions Questionnaire (RAQ) was administered to the university students in Japan, Korea, and the United States, focusing on five factors relating to humanoid and animal-type robots: relative autonomy, social relationship with humans, emotional aspects, roles assumed, and images held. As a result, it was found that (1) Students in Japan, Korea, and the United States tend to assume that humanoid robots perform concrete tasks in society, and that animal-type robots play a pet- or toy-like role; (2) Japanese students tend to more strongly assume that humanoid robots have somewhat human characteristics and that their roles are related to social activities including communication, than do the Korean and the US students; (3) Korean students tend to have more negative attitudes toward the social influences of robots, in particular, humanoid robots, than do the Japanese students, while more strongly assuming that robots' roles are related to medical fields than do the Japanese students, and (4) Students in the USA tend to have both more positive and more negative images of robots than do Japanese students, while more weakly assuming robots as blasphemous of nature than do Japanese and Korean students. In addition, the paper discusses some engineering implications of these research results.
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Hirayama, Maki, Alice Pacher, Weronika Klon, and Katarzyna Waszyńska. "Selected Aspects of Couple Functioning in Poland and Japan During COVID-19 Pandemic." Studia Edukacyjne, no. 63 (November 15, 2021): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/se.2021.63.6.
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The COVID-19 pandemic is a global one, but the effect is different for each country and society and has different dimensions. The study investigated couple relationships during the first lockdown (also called emergency state) in Poland (N = 235) and Japan (N = 420). Based on a quantitative survey, it focuses on socio-economic issues and related concerns. The survey inquired opinions about changes in the depth of the relationships, attitude to the partner, and frequency of arguments during the lockdown. From among Polish and Japanese respondents, more than 60% declared that their current partner is the best one for the isolation. Both Japanese and Polish males seem to be more satisfied with their spouses than the female partners. The results indicate that there is a need to make more detailed cross-country comparisons in terms of the functioning of relationships during lockdown and isolation. The observations made imply that there are areas to investigate more in-depth. A follow-up survey is needed to understand whether the issues in intimate relationships will be long-term ones or whether we see them only during the pandemic. The questionnaire domains: changes in the depth of relationships, attitude to the partner and frequencyof arguments during the lockdown. Method: quantitative research, survey, online questionnaire, voluntary participants collected by social media.
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Zwerman, Gilda, Patricia Steinhoff, and Donatella Porta. "Disappearing Social Movements: Clandestinity in The Cycle of new Left Protest in The U.S., Japan, Germany, and Italy." Mobilization: An International Quarterly 5, no. 1 (March 1, 2000): 85–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.17813/maiq.5.1.0w068105721660n0.
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Research on social movements has paid little attention to the dynamics of clandestine mobilization as an integral element ofprotest cycles. Studies ofsixteen New Left clandestine groups in Germany, Italy, Japan, and the United States demonstrate strong commonalities in the processes ofgoing underground and staying underground. Activists move from the public to the clandestine realm as a result of increased repression at the protest cycle's peak, commitment to specific ideological frames, and personal ties. Identity conflicts specific to underground roles and other aspects ofunderground life influence the nature ofclandestine violence, further affecting the protest cycle's course.