To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Japan Social aspects.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Japan Social aspects'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Japan Social aspects.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Satoguchi, Kazue. "Ecotourism in Japan : prospects and challenges." Title page, table of contents and abstract, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ENV/09envs253.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Bibliography: leaves 71-78. Prospects and challenges to ecotourism promotion are explored through a case study on Yakushima. Recommendations to national/local governments, the tourism industry, NPOs and local people are made forecotourism promotion in Japan
2
Bossy, Steve. "Academic pressure and impact on Japanese students." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35314.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the tremendous pressure Japanese students must endure in the pursuit of academic achievement. It identifies the sources of student's pressure and discusses the cultural, social, and economic conditions that influence a fiercely competitive educational system. The focus of this study is the impact of academic pressures on Japanese students.<br>Japanese education is a single-minded drive for achievement that results in what many refer to as examination hell. The university entrance examination is at the root of the pressures that are placed on students and is the primary mechanism responsible for driving competition. The life-long ramifications of students performance on this examination are far reaching. As a result, the pressures that are exerted upon students to achieve are overwhelming. Mothers, teachers, peers, and society contribute to the pressures that are placed on students to achieve, while many children continue to fall victim to emotional, psychological, and physical harm.<br>The study provides richly descriptive narrative accounts of student's experiences, thoughts and feelings seen from a student's perspective. The study gives voice to Japanese students and invites them to tell it like it is.
3
Takahashi, Fumiko. "Integration and separation of immigrants in Japan : teachers' orientations to identity and culture." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:53b34de4-6d8c-4079-82ba-857bdaf0e6f8.
Full textAbstract:
International Social Survey Programme 2003 found that about 90% of the people in Japan favour the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture, rather than their adaptation to the dominant majority's culture. It is outstandingly high percentage, compared internationally. The result is consistent with the fact that multicultural coexistence ("Tabunka kyosei") policy is welcomed in many local governments to support the immigrants. However, it contradicts to some academics' argument that Japan puts assimilative pressure to ethnic minorities. Therefore, this thesis analyses why the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture enjoys such outstanding support in Japan. The mixed method approach of quantitative and qualitative study was used to solve this puzzle. International comparison based on the statistical analysis of national identity and attitude toward the ethnic minorities' culture revealed that (i) about 80% of the Japanese people have ethnic conceptualization of national identity, which is exceptionally high percentage than other countries, and (ii) the vast majority of both the people with ethnic and civic national identity favour the idea of maintaining the ethnic minorities' culture. Therefore, the qualitative analysis of interview data with schoolteachers of the immigrants' children were conducted to examine why, of which aspect and to what extent teachers expect the immigrants' children to maintain their ethnic identity and distinct culture, and expect them to adapt themselves to the dominant Japanese culture. It was found out that it is expected for the immigrants' children to maintain their ethnic minority identity and traditional culture in private, and to adapt themselves to group oriented and rule-based Japanese culture in public. However, such group orientated and rule-based culture is not regarded as "culture", but simply as "rules" to give an order to ethnic and cultural diversity. The findings of this thesis imply that multicultural coexistence is a new form of cultural nationalism in Japan ("tertiary nationalism"), meaning a nationalism which (i) has been brought about by confronting the growing ethnic and cultural diversity within a nation, particularly after '90s in Japan, and (ii) tries to preserve its rule-based culture and to spread it to the ethnic minorities by taking off its label of "culture", (iii) though not incorporating them to a member of a nation, but (iv) expecting them to maintain their ethnic identity and traditional culture in private.
4
Aoyagi, Hiroshi. "Islands of eight million smiles, pop-idol performances and the field of symbolic production." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp02/NQ46312.pdf.
Full text
5
Cheung, Po-tin Erik, and 張步田. "Cultural influences on attitudes towards mental illness in Asia." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B26813749.
Full text
6
Lin, Jiebin, and 林洁彬. "An anthropological study of the relationship between a female entrepreneur and her family in Japan." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B41634172.
Full text
7
Menuez, Paolo Xavier Machado. "The Downward Spiral: Postmodern Consciousness as Buddhist Metaphysics in the Dark Souls Video Game Series." PDXScholar, 2017. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/4161.
Full textAbstract:
This paper is about locating the meaning of a series of games known as the Dark Souls series in relation to contemporary social conditions in Japan. I argue that the game should be thought of as an emblem of the current cultural zeitgeist, in a similar way one might identify something like Jack Kerouac's The Dharma Bums as an emblem of the counter cultural 60s. I argue that the Dark Souls series expresses in allegorical form an anxiety about living in a time where the meaning of our everyday actions and even society itself has become significantly destabilized. It does this through a fractured approach to story-telling, that is interspersed with Buddhist metaphysics and wrapped up in macabre, gothic aesthetic depicting the last gasping breath of a once great kingdom. This expression of contemporary social anxiety is connected to the discourse of postmodernity in Japan. Through looking at these games as a feedback loop between text, environment and ludic system, I connect the main conceptual motifs that structure the games as a whole with Osawa Masachi's concept of the post-fictional era and Hiroki Azuma's definition of the otaku.
8
Kohon, Jacklyn Nicole. "Building Social Sustainability from the Ground Up: The Contested Social Dimension of Sustainability in Neighborhood-Scale Urban Regeneration in Portland, Copenhagen, and Nagoya." PDXScholar, 2015. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2330.
Full textAbstract:
In response to growing social inequality, environmental crises, and economic instability, sustainability discourse has become the dominant "master signifier" for many fields, particularly the field of urban planning. However, in practice many sustainability methods overemphasize technological and economic growth-oriented solutions while underemphasizing the social dimension. The social dimension of sustainability remains a "concept in chaos" drawing little agreement on definitions, domains, and indicators for addressing the social challenges of urban life. In contrast, while the field of public health, with its emphasis on social justice principles, has made significant strides in framing and developing interventions to target the social determinants of health (SDH), this work has yet to be integrated into sustainability practice as a tool for framing the social dimension. Meanwhile, as municipalities move forward with these lopsided efforts at approaching sustainability practice, cities continue to experience gentrification, increasing homelessness, health disparities, and many other concerns related to social inequity, environmental injustice, and marginalization. This research involves multi-site, comparative case studies of neighborhood-scale sustainability planning projects in Portland, U.S.; Copenhagen, Denmark; and Nagoya, Japan to bring to light an understanding of how the social dimension is conceptualized and translated to practice in different contexts, as well as the challenges planners, citizen participants, and other stakeholders encounter in attempting to do so. These case studies find that these neighborhood-scale planning efforts are essentially framing the social dimension in terms of principles of SDH. Significant challenges encountered at the neighborhood-scale relate to political economic context and trade-offs between ideals of social sustainability, such as social inclusion and nurturing a sense of belonging when confronted with diverse neighborhood actors, such as sexually oriented businesses and recent immigrants. This research contributes to urban social sustainability literature and sustainability planning practice by interrogating these contested notions and beginning to create a pathway for integration of SDH principles into conceptualizations of social sustainability.
9
Hudack, Lawrence R. (Lawrence Ralph). "An Exploratory Investigation of Socio-Economic Phenomena that May Influence Accounting Differences in Three Diverse Countries." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1989. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc331531/.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation attempts to provide an exploratory structure to respond to, and tries to resolve, an existing void in international accounting research. The void is a lack of coherently structured, nation-specific, descriptive research to investigate socio-economic phenomena which may influence financial accounting. This dissertation's salient features include a political economy theory, an exploratory, sociological method, and a case study format. The political economy of accounting, introduced by Tinker [1980] and refined by Cooper and Sherer [1984], emphasizes a persuasive social relations dimension. This theory motivates selection of three countries (the United States, France, and Japan) that appear to have divergent socio-cultural environments. An exploratory and analytical approach of modified (enlarged) exogenism, developed by Smith [1973, 1976] and adapted to accounting by McKinnon [1986], provides an analytic structure for this exploratory investigation. Modified exogenism focuses upon an open, dynamic social system (the process of financial accounting), and provides analysis reflecting four major areas (the environment, intrusive events, intra-system activity, and trans-system activity). After examining the nation-specific financial accounting (socio-economic) structures for each country, an analysis of selected financial disclosures attempts to gain a better understanding of how socio-economic factors have influenced the development of financial accounting. My primary objective is to attempt to provide some insight about ,how diverse socio-political factors have impacted the development of financial accounting in three countries. Library research of nation-specific literature attempts to extract a relatively accurate picture of social, political, and economic institutions and policies, and relates such findings to financial accounting processes for each nation. This dissertation attempts to provide a necessary foundation for future theoretical international accounting harmonization studies.
10
Kim, Myung Hun. "A comparison of health technology adoption in four countries (Japan, Korea, the UK, and the US)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2008. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/166/.
Full textAbstract:
This research empirically examines and compares the adoption of health technologies through case studies. The health technologies under review are assisted reproductive technologies, cochlear implants, haematopoietic stem cell transplantations, caesarean section deliveries, Gamma knife units and kidney transplants in four countries: Japan, Korea, the UK and the US. The interactions between the micro factors of health technologies and the macro environment in the adoption of health technologies are examined on the basis of a literature review and analysis of data. The micro factors were evaluated in terms of economic, clinical and technical aspects. In assessing the macro factors, payment systems and regulations related to the selected health technologies were taken into account. To examine the micro factors, the results of health technology assessments in earlier studies were reviewed. In order to explore the macro factors, historical changes in the payment systems affecting the selected health technologies and legal regulations, including legislation, directives, guidelines and court orders related to the technologies, were investigated. The adoption level of health technologies was evaluated in time-series and cross-sectional terms, measuring the trend of technology adoption and comparing the experience of the four countries under review. This research suggests clustering health technologies into “welfare oriented technology” and “private benefit oriented technology” by considering the economic incentives of adopters, individual desires of consumers and public concern over the technology. Private benefit oriented technologies are those which adopters expect to increase income from the providers or which meet the personal desires of the consumers. For welfare oriented technology, the decision is dominated by the aims of public welfare. As the model predicted, the adoption of welfare oriented technologies was higher in the health systems under national planning, while that of private benefit oriented technologies was higher in the systems whose health provisions accept market conditions.
11
Wendt, Staci Jean. "Self-Efficacy and Drinking with Friends: An Investigation into the Drinking Behaviors of Japanese College Students." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/293.
Full textAbstract:
Recent studies have documented an alarming rate of alcohol use in Japan (Eisenback-Stangl et al., 2005; Milne, 2003; Shimizu, 2000). Indeed, permissive social and cultural norms for alcohol use exist within Japanese culture (Shimizu, 1990, 2000). Japanese college-students may be at further risk due to their developmental time period, where increases in alcohol use are typically seen. Furthermore, drinking habits formed during this time period may be difficult to alter later in life (Frone, 2003). Thus, social, developmental, and cultural factors exist to influence drinking among Japanese college students. The purpose of the current study was to investigate the drinking behaviors of Japanese college students and possible proximal predictors of use. Specifically, given the importance of social relationships and interactions to interdependent cultures, such as Japan, the occurrence of negative social interactions may be influential in predicting subsequent drinking, as individuals may increase drinking in order to adhere to the social norms and to make amends. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant and positive relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. Furthermore, the expected physical, social and emotional outcomes of alcohol consumption (alcohol outcome expectancies) have been shown to predict alcohol use among U.S. samples (e.g., Goldman, 1994), however, daily fluctuations in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies has not been previously investigated in a Japanese sample. Given the importance of fluctuations in desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies among U.S. samples (Armeli et al., 2005), this dissertation investigated daily fluctuations in the desirability of expected outcomes and alcohol use. Support for this relationship was found; on days with individuals experienced increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, individuals drank more with others. Support for the hypothesis that increases in daily negative social events would predict increases in the desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies was not found. Finally, this dissertation investigated two types of self-efficacy (drinking refusal self-efficacy and social self-efficacy) as stable factors of drinking. Drinking refusal self-efficacy significantly and negatively predicted drinking with others; marginal support for drinking refusal self-efficacy as a moderator of the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others was found. Social self-efficacy significantly and positively predicted drinking with others. No support was found for social self-efficacy as a moderating variable in the relationship between negative social events and drinking with others. In sum, using data that was previously collected via daily process methodology, this dissertation investigated the relationships between daily negative social interactions, daily desirability of alcohol outcome expectancies, and drinking refusal and social self-efficacy as moderators of alcohol consumption. Support was found for five of the seven hypothesized relationships.
12
MacNaughton, Andrew. "Company and personal character in the Eikaiwa industry an ethnography of a private language school in Japan /." Thesis, Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B39848966.
Full text
13
Rawson, Angela. "A critical linguistic analysis of a popular comic genre in Japan." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2001. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/1021.
Full textAbstract:
This research will focus on the issue of power and gender in the language of Japanese comics (manga). Comics in Japan are enormously popular and are read by a wide audience. They are aimed at specific audiences and it is my argument that the language of manga helps to reinforce certain social stereotypes - particularly the inferiority of women and the dominance of males. The language of children's manga will be analyzed using the framework of Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which concerns itself with the relation between ideology and power in discourse. The analysis will be at various levels including lexica-semantic, pragmatic, textual and ideological. The texts to be analyzed will be Japanese manga in the original Japanese language. Manga aimed at specific audiences, i.e. young boys and girls, will be analyzed to determine the presence of male-dominant ideology in the text. I argue that an interpretation of the text under the framework of GOA supports the hypothesis that the ideology of male dominance is present in manga and that it has become normalized in Japan.
14
Okumura, Nao. "Japanese Dialect Ideology from Meiji to the Present." PDXScholar, 2016. http://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/3142.
Full textAbstract:
The intent of this study is to examine the trajectory of ideology regarding standard Japanese and dialects from the historical perspective, and also to discuss the cause of the post-war shift of the ideology. Before the war, the government attempted to disseminate hyojun-go aiming at creating a unified Japan in the time when many countries were developing to be nation states after industrial revolution. After the Pacific war, the less strict-sounding term kyotsu-go was more often used, conveying an ideology of democratization. Yet despite the difference in the terms, speaking a common language continues to play a role of unifying the country.
Today there is great interest in regional dialects in Japan. Although kyotsu-go is the common language, most people, especially in urban areas, are familiar with (if not fluent in) kyotsu-go. Due to the development of media and mobilization there are few people who cannot understand kyotsu-go. However, until around the 1970s people were more likely to believe in the superiority of standard Japanese (hyojun-go). Standard language was believed to be superior as a result of language policy that had its origins in Meiji and lasted through WWII. This included education policy that required school children to learn hyojun-go. After the war, in a process of democratization there emerged greater acceptance of language variety: dialect. Thus, there has been a shift in language ideology in Japan, and the people's interests in dialects is one indicator of this. This shift is analyzed here from the perspective of Bourdieu's notion of social and linguistic capital, tying it to policy, historical events and societal change.
15
Li, King-lun, and 李景麟. "Nintendo revolution: what is happening in videogame industry and individuals." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B44676670.
Full text
16
McKenzie, Robert M. "A quantitative study of the attitudes of Japanese learners towards varieties of English speech : aspects of the sociolinguistics of English in Japan." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/1519.
Full textAbstract:
Language attitude studies focussing specifically on native speaker perceptions of varieties of English speech have demonstrated consistently that standard varieties tend to be evaluated positively in terms of competence/ status whilst non-standard varieties are generally rated higher in terms of social attractiveness/ solidarity. However, the great majority of studies which have investigated non-native attitudes have tended to measure evaluations of ‘the English language’, conceptualised as a single entity, thus ignoring the substantial regional and social variation within the language. This is somewhat surprising considering the importance of attitudes towards language variation in the study of second language acquisition and in sociolinguistics. More specifically, there is a dearth of in-depth quantitative attitude research in Japan concentrating specifically on social evaluations of varieties of English, as the limited number of previous studies conducted amongst Japanese learners have either been qualitative in design or too small in scale. Moreover, the findings of these studies have been somewhat inconclusive. The present quantitative study, employing a range of innovative direct and indirect techniques of attitude measurement, investigated the perceptions of 558 Japanese university students of six varieties of English speech. The results obtained suggest that Japanese learners are able to differentiate between speech varieties within a single language of which they are not native speakers and hold different and often complex attitudes towards (a) standard/ non-standard and (b) native/ non-native varieties of English speech. For instance, the learners rated both the standard and non-standard varieties of inner circle speech more highly than varieties of expanding circle English in terms of prestige. In contrast, it was found that the learners expressed higher levels of solidarity with the Japanese speaker of heavily-accented English and intriguingly, with speakers of non-standard varieties of UK and US English than with speakers of standard varieties of inner circle English. Moreover, differences in the Japanese students’ gender, level of self-perceived competence in English, level of exposure to English and attitudes towards varieties of Japanese all had significant main effects on perceptions of varieties of English speech. However, the regional provenance of the informants was not found to be significant in determining their language attitudes. The results also imply that Japanese learners retain representations of varieties of English speech and draw upon this resource, whether consciously or unconsciously, in order to identify and evaluate (speakers of) these speech varieties. The findings are discussed in relation to the pedagogical and language planning implications for the choice of linguistic model in English language teaching both inside and outwith Japan and in terms of the methodological importance of the study for potential future attitudinal research in this area.
17
Kono, Hideki. "Ba in the American context : an exploration of Japanese in U.S. workplaces." Scholarly Commons, 2009. https://scholarlycommons.pacific.edu/uop_etds/739.
Full textAbstract:
This study investigated the influences of the Japanese sense of ba on their patterns of perceiving the working environment and work-related human~relations in the U.S. social context. Ba in this study refers to the frame of relationships that is shared among the individuals in a certain specific situation.
The goals of this heuristic qualitative study are: (I) to investigate whether Japanese working in the U.S. retain a sense of ba, (2) to examine how the sense of ba affects their perception of the problems that they face in dealing with work-related matters and relationships with their American colleagues, supervisors, and customers, and (3) to investigate whether and how ba functions as a facilitating factor in establishing collaborative relationships between Americans and Japanese in the workplace.
To pursue these study goals, I conducted in-depth interviews with twelve Japanese working in the U.S. The interviews were conducted in the form of focused interview and the obtained data were analyzed in reference to the characteristics of ba stated in the literature review.
The results indicated that the subjects retained and exercised their sense of ba in the - U.S. workplace context. The subjects' narratives also suggested that relationship building between Americans and Japanese based on the ba-principle was possible.
18
Murakami, Miki. "A Study of Compensation for Face-Threatening Acts in Service Encounters in Japan and the United States." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/381.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines how people compensate for their inability to accommodate the needs of others in service encounters. Being unable to meet others' needs violates the positive face of one of the participants in a discourse. Many previous studies on speech acts demonstrate how people control their utterances to avoid causing a face-threatening act. However, the language behavior that follows a face-threatening act has not yet received much focus. This paper looks at two different kinds of data in Japan and the United State (hereafter "U.S.") using two different approaches: observation and role-play. In the first, the observational phase, the author acted as a customer in several convenience stores in Japan and asked for an item that they did not carry. In the U.S., a native English speaker interacted with the salesclerk as the customer. (No recording device was used in either situation.) All exchanges were immediately recorded by hand and later coded by semantic formulas. In the second, the role-play phase, native speakers were asked to role-play a parallel situation in which they acted as a salesclerk and had to react to not being able to satisfy customers' requests. The results demonstrate that Japanese sales clerks compensate in the face of their inability to meet another's need (they avoid a direct face-threatening act) whereas most U.S. sales clerks do not attempt to compensate for their inability. These behaviors correlate with social expectations of the participants within both respective service encounters. Moreover, the results also suggest a re-thinking of speech acts and emphasize the importance of natural data.
19
Matsubara, Nao. "The prospect for Okinawa's initiative : towards getting rid of the U.S. Military presence in Okinawa." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2002. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09ARM/09armm4344.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Includes bibliographical references (leaves [56]-[62]) Focusses on issues concerning the U.S. military presence on the island. Elaborates on Okinawa's suffering due to the military bases which have hindered Okinawa's economic development, created serious pollution and encouraged crime
20
Findlay, Robert Alexander. "Emperors in America: Haile Selassie and Hirohito on Tour." PDXScholar, 2011. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/96.
Full textAbstract:
The imperial visits to the United States by Emperor Haile Selassie of Ethiopia in 1954 and Emperor Hirohito of Japan in 1975, while billed as unofficial by all parties involved, demonstrated the problematic nature of America's unstable Cold War political agendas, connected African and Asian Americans with alternative sources of race, nationality, and ethnic pride, and created spaces for the emperors to reinforce domestic policies while advancing their nations on the world stage. Just as America's civil and governmental forces came together during the imperial tours, in 1954 and 1975 respectively, to strongly promote Cold War ideological narratives to a global audience, African American and Japanese American racial and ethnic groups within the United States created their own interpretations of the tours. Likewise, the governments and imperial institutions of Ethiopia and Japan both appropriated American efforts in an attempt to renegotiate political relationships and produce imperial narratives for domestic consumption. However, fundamental contradictions arose during these tours as both Ethiopia and Japan simultaneously sought to embrace America and to expand their presence on the world stage. The full nature of the political, economic, and social ramifications of these two imperial visits, and the contradictions in American's Cold War policies revealed by the tours, has yet to be explored. Reactions to the emperors' tours demonstrated the connections and conflicts between race, nation, and identity. Further the narratives of Ethiopia's and Japan's role on the world stage, particularly during these "unofficial" imperial tours, have yet to be fully examined by historians. Only by examining the emperors' tours within a broader transnational context, taking multiple political, racial, and economic perspectives into account, can the consequences of these visits be fully observed and understood.
21
Yoshii, Ruri. "Language Skill Development in Japanese Kokugo Education: Analysis of the Television Program Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki No Tsubo." PDXScholar, 2014. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/open_access_etds/2074.
Full textAbstract:
Any type of education implemented by a modern nation-state is, at least in part, a tool for socializing its people. In this regard, Japanese language and literature education, kokugo, has played an important role in Japan by emphasizing nationalism and the integrity of a Japanese identity. According to Ishihara (2007) and Lee (1996 [English translation 2010]), kokugo, since its inception in 1900, has promoted moral awareness and assimilation of Japanese ideals across the country. However, responding to unsatisfactory test results in the Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) in 2003 and 2006, Japan's Ministry of Education Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) adjusted kokugo education policies. A decision was made to place more emphasis on language skills rather than on the traditional kokugo approach that had been in place from the beginning of the Meiji era (1868-1912). Based on an analysis of Wakaru Kokugo Yomikaki no Tsubo (WKYT) (Understanding Kokugo: The Secrets of Reading and Writing), an educational television program for elementary school kokugo classes by Nippon Hōsō Kyōkai (NHK), this thesis discusses how language skill development has recently been introduced into the kokugo curriculum and Japanese kokugo education policies. This thesis also uses the historical-structural approach of critical language policy research developed by Tollefson (1991, 2013) and Street (1993) to analyze how this modified kokugo education has the potential to affect the social development of students.
22
Orii, Masaaki. "Dilemmes sociaux, innovation et changement social." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0305.
Full textAbstract:
Cette recherche porte sur le style de comportement et l'influence d'une minorite active sur la majorite dans un groupe restreint ayant la possibilite de creer collectivement un germe de changement social et d'elargir le champ d'action innovatrice notamment dans la situation de dilemme social. Dans ce but, la classification de dilemmes sociaux en deux types, a savoir le dilemme synchronique et le dilemme diachronique, a ete theoriquement tentee. Aussi, la condition generale concernant l'affiliation la participation et l'intervention des minorites actives a une interaction innovatrice dans un groupe a ete abordee, avec l'experimentation des paradigmes, du point de vue de la categorisation sociale de la source de l'influence, notamment sous l'angle de la relation intergroupe. L'image de la minorite active a ete egalement examinee selon les deux situations de dilemme synchronique et diachronique et selon le cas ou des minorites intragroupes et hors-groupes sont categorisees socialement comme minoritaires. En outre, il a ete verifie que lorsque l'esprit du temps coincide avec la nature de l'opinion minoritaire, l'interaction innovatrice generee par l'intervention de la minorite active peut produire la polarisation de groupe avec une creation eventuelle de nouvelle norme<br>The research concerns the behavioral style and the influence of an activr minority in a small group which can create collectively a germ of social change and en large the innovative dimension of social actions. In this aim, the classification of social dilemmas in two types such as synchronic dilemma and diachronic dilemma was theoretically envisaged. The general condition concerning the affiliation, the participation and the intervention of active minorities to an innovative interaction of a group was examined in terms of social categorization of the influence source. The image of active minority was then studied according to both social dilemmas and social categorization. In addition, zeitgeist also was taken into consideration in order to show how the social factor which corresponds to the nature of the opinion of the minority source can produce the group polarization and the eventual creation of new norm
23
Tam, Pui-yim Jenifer. "Japanese popular culture in Hong Kong : case studies of youth consumption of cute products and fashion magazines /." Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25017585.
Full text
24
Mannisi, Alban. "La médiation environnementale en aménagement du territoire dans la société civile au Japon : pour une philosophie politique du paysage." Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100027.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis les années 70, des conventions internationales renforcent l’implication des sociétés civiles dans l’aménagement de leur territoire. Au Japon, ce phénomène s’est accéléré suite au tremblement de terre de Kōbe en 1995. Il a débouché en 1998 sur la loi NPO (association à but non lucratif) qui a consolidé le rôle de la société civile dans le jeu des acteurs du territoire. Cette thèse analyse les mécanismes d’engagement de la société civile et le recours à des médiateurs qui s’appuient sur les relations spécifiques de la société nippone à son environnement (milieu japonais), et enquête sur l’apparition de nouvelles formes de gouvernances des territoires. Afin de répondre à cette problématique, il est étudié dans un premier temps l‘émergence du rôle de la société civile, grâce à la médiation dans l’aménagement du territoire au Japon, en montrant comment ces phénomènes s’ancrent pour partie sur certaines logiques traditionnelles, mais également sur des évolutions internationales. Puis, dans un deuxième temps, à partir de l’étude de trois pratiques de médiateurs d’ingénierie sociale : KUWAKO Toshio (philosophe), YAMAZAKI Ryō (paysagiste) et KOIZUMI Hideki (urbaniste), il est observé comment les techniques de médiations inspirées pour partie de techniques étrangères sont assimilées et réajustées pour répondre aux besoins de la société nippone. Cette thèse précise ainsi la porosité entre l’autochtonie et les transferts de méthodes de gouvernance internationale ; elle met en évidence comment les volontés internationales d’implication des sociétés civiles s’inscrivent dans les logiques du milieu japonais. En conclusion, une tentative de mise en perspective des données de la thèse est recherchée à partir de l’énoncé d’une philosophie politique du paysage<br>Since the 1970s, international conventions have reinforced the involvement of civil societies in the development of their territories. In Japan, this phenomenon was accelerated further to the Kōbe earthquake in 1995. In 1998, it led to the NPO (Non Profitable Organization), which consolidated the role of civil society in the stakeholders' territory. This thesis analyzes the mechanisms of civil society engagement and the use of mediators who rely on the specific relation between Japanese society and its environment (Japanese milieu), and investigates the emergence of new forms of territorial governance. In order to answer this problematic, we first study the emergence of the role of civil society through mediation in territorial planning in Japan, showing how these phenomena are partly based on certain logics, but also on international developments. Then, from the study of three practices of mediators of social engineering: KUWAKO Toshio (Philosopher), YAMAZAKI Ryō (Landscape Architect) and KOIZUMI Hideki (Urban Planner), it is observed how the techniques of mediations inspired part of foreign techniques are assimilated and readjusted to meet the needs of Japanese society. This thesis explains the porosity between autochthony and the transfer of methods of international governance. It highlights how the international will to involve civil societies is part of the logic of the Japanese milieu. In conclusion, an attempt to put into perspective the data of the thesis is sought from the statement of a political philosophy of landscape
25
Bouvard, Julien. "Manga politique, politique du manga : histoire des relations entre un médium populaire et le pouvoir au Japon contemporain des années 1960 à nos jours." Lyon 3, 2010. https://scd-resnum.univ-lyon3.fr/in/theses/2010_in_bouvard_j.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
La thèse analyse les relations entre la bande dessinée japonaise (le manga) et le pouvoir dans le Japon contemporain (de 1960 à nos jours). Le but est de retracer, d’un point de vue d’Histoire culturelle, l’évolution des discours politiques contenus dans les mangas de cette période et leurs évolutions dans le temps, en les confrontant avec la situation de ce médium populaire qui est l’objet d’un double mouvement de reconnaissance et de censure de la part des institutions japonaises. La première partie s’attache à définir les spécificités du gekiga, un genre de manga plus adulte apparu au début des années 1960 qui adhère en partie aux discours contestataires de l’époque. La partie suivante (les années 1970 principalement) marquent une rupture avec la précédente à travers le rejet des idéologies politiques. Par la suite, dans les années 1980, le statut du manga change progressivement : il commence à devenir un médium « normal », parfois même pédagogique, alors qu’il était jusque là critiqué pour sa mauvaise influence sur la jeunesse. Cette normalisation va aussi de pair avec une « nationalisation » du manga, du moins dans ses thèmes. Enfin, du milieu des années 1990 à nos jours, la nationalisation devient quasiment une réalité politique avec les mesures prises par les pouvoirs publics pour faire du manga un patrimoine national et un soft power utilisable par la diplomatie japonaise. Néanmoins, ces politiques ont des limites et se heurtent à un médium difficilement domptable par le pouvoir car profondément subversif. De surcroit, les discours de certains mangas dans les années 2000 se radicalisent, et ce dans plusieurs directions politiques : le nationalisme et la critique sociale<br>The present dissertation analyses the relationship between Japanese comics (manga) and power in contemporary Japan (from 1960 to present). Its aim is to trace back, from a cultural history point of view, the evolution of political discourses within the manga from this period and their changes over time, and to analyze them against the background of manga as a popular medium both recognized and censored by Japanese institutions. The first chapter seeks to define the specifics of gekiga, a more adult genre of manga which emerged in the early 1960s and mostly endorsed the political protest discourses of the time. The next part (mainly the 1970s) marked a break with the previous period through the rejection of political ideologies. Subsequently, in the 1980s, the status of manga changed gradually: it started to become a “conventional” medium, sometimes even educational, whereas it had previously been criticized for its bad influence on youth. Such a normalizing process is also associated with a “nationalization” of manga, at least in its themes. Finally, from mid 1990 to our days, the nationalization becomes almost a political reality including measures taken by the various governments to turn manga into a national heritage and a soft power to be used by diplomacy. Nevertheless, these policies are reaching their limits insofar as they have to deal with a profoundly subversive and hard-to-tame medium. The discourse of some manga has become more radical in the first decade of the 21th century but it tends to follow two different political orientations: nationalism and social criticism
26
Takeshita, Junko. "Urbanisme et centralité, le cas de Tokyo." Paris 5, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA05H015.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse développe une observation sociologique de la ville de Tokyo, dont la question est focalisée sur la formation du centre urbain. La particularité du sujet exige une présentation générale autant qu'une analyse culturelle et s'oriente ainsi vers une étude comparative par rapport aux cas occidentaux notamment. Certaines enquêtes menées sur le style de vie des Japonais d'aujourd'hui expliquent une autre forme d'individualisme à leur propre manière, conséquence d'un développement atypique, du matérialisme et de l'occidentalisation. Ces facteurs constituent l'essentiel de la culture hybride de ce pays exceptionellement avancé. L'histoire de la ville, à travers des architectures symboliques, peut raconter en ce sens l'inspiration sociale selon les époques, et aussi décrire le processus d'une modernisation bien spécifique. L'urbanisation est ainsi étudiée en tant que fruit des changements sociaux qu'il s'agit principalement des transferts démographique et industriel. Cette recherche phénoménologique permet de dégager une conception unique dans les planifications urbaines de la ville de Tokyo : c'est un modèle "circulaire" appliqué massivement aux plans publics, depuis les réseaux de transport jusqu'aux structures des zones centrales. Etant considéré comme une politique alternative entre la concentration et l'élargissement, cet aménagement de la future mégapole crée une valeur unificatrice de la centralité<br>This thesis develops a sociological observation on the town of Tokyo, whose question is focused about the formation of the urban centre. The specificty of the subject requires a general presentation as well as a cultural analysis, and thus orients itself towards a comparative study, particularly in relation to the Occidental cases. Some investigations into the life style of the contemporary Japanese explain another kind of individualism in their own way, in consequence of an atypical development, bound to the materialism and to the Westernization. These factors shape the main structure of this exceptionally advanced country's hybrid culture. The history of the city, through symbolic architectures, in that sense tells every period's peculiar social orientation, and describes the process of modernization. The urbanization is thus studied as a product of social changes, mainly due to demographic and industrial transfers. Such a phenomenological research makes it possible to underline a unique conception in Tokyo city's town planning : that of a "circular" model, massively applied to public projects, from transport networks to central zones' structures. Regarded as an alternative policy between concentration and expansion, this enterprise of the future magalopolis creates a unifying value of centrality
27
Letouzey, Émilie. "Petits arrangements avec le vivant : relations contrariées aux plantes horticoles dans la région d’Ōsaka." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20029.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’horticulture, sur les relations aux plantes et sur les représentations du vivant et de la vie au Japon. Elle rend compte d’une ethnographie conduite auprès de deux groupes de cultivateurs du bassin urbain d’Ōsaka (2013-2017) : des bénévoles dans une association cultivant une espèce de glycine (Wisteria floribunda) dans l’arrondissement de Fukushima à Ōsaka, et des producteurs professionnels cultivant des Prunus (pruniers, pêchers, cerisiers) dans le secteur de Higashino à Itami. Afin de « faire fleurir » (sakaseru) ces plantes emblématiques de leurs quartiers respectifs, ces cultivateurs pratiquent une horticulture traditionnelle caractérisée par un intense façonnage de chaque plante et par une savante mise en scène des floraisons. Cependant, l’irruption de phénomènes contrariants tels que la non-floraison ou la maladie (en l’occurrence, une maladie à virus des Prunus) remet en question un contrôle des plantes par la technique que l’on tenait pour acquis. Les cultivateurs sont amenés à modifier leurs pratiques, ainsi que leurs manières d’apprécier les plantes. Ces actions, ces mesures et les inférences qui s’y expriment sont autant d’occasions de s’interroger sur le fonctionnement et le statut des plantes. L’objectif de cette thèse est double. D’une part, produire une ethnographie de l’horticulture japonaise, notamment par la description des modes de sociabilité et des actions techniques observés sur le terrain. D’autre part, dans le cadre d’une « anthropologie de la vie » attachée aux manipulations concrètes d’êtres vivants à la fois organismes et artefacts, tenter de saisir les conceptions de la vie et du vivant, dans des contextes de célébration par la fête comme lors d’un plan phytosanitaire<br>This Phd thesis is about horticulture, relations to plants, human relations around plants, and conceptions of life and living things in Japan. It presents an ethnographic fieldwork conducted among two groups of cultivators in the Ōsaka metropolitan area (2013-2017): volunteers cultivating a wisteria (Wisteria floribunda) in the Fukushima district of Ōsaka, and professional producers growing plum, peach and cherry in the Higashino neighborhood in Itami. In order to monitor these emblematic plants to “bloom” (sakaseru), the cultivators practice traditional horticultural characterized by a fastidious shaping of each plant, and they skillfully display the flowers. However, upsetting events such as lack of bloom or the outbreak of a plant disease (specifically a plum virus) put into question a technical control of plants that was taken for granted. Cultivators are led to modify their practices, and also the way they of appreciate the plants. These actions and assessments lead to inferences, allowing to question the status of plants, and how they work. There are two main purposes in this research. On the one hand, an ethnography of Japanese horticulture, focusing on a description of local social life and the technical actions observed during fieldwork. On the other hand, drawing on an "anthropology of life" engaged with the concrete manipulations of living beings that are both organisms and artefacts, the aim is to grasp the conceptions of life and living things, may that be a flower festival or part of a phytosanitary plan
28
Muramatsu, Kenjiro. "Usage de l'agriculture dans le social : dispositifs, pratiques et formes d'engagement." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012MULH3529.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse porte sur l’analyse ethnographique et sociologique du mode d’usage de l’agriculture « dans le social ». Deux actions communales japonaise et belge sont ainsi mises en parallèle : le Centre pour la Création de la Vie agri-rurale (Nô-Life Sôsei Center en japonais) lancé en 2004 à Toyota au Japon, qui vise à la fois la revalorisation de friches agricoles et la promotion d’activités à but d’ « Ikigai (sens de la vie) » auprès de la population locale vieillissante ; l’Entreprise de Formation par le Travail Ferme Delsamme lancée en 2002 à La Louvière en Belgique, qui vise l’insertion socioprofessionnelle des personnes en difficulté par le maraîchage biologique. À partir de l’analyse des formes d’engagement des opérateurs et des usagers dans leurs espaces d’activités concrets, cette thèse propose l’idée de régimes d’action « éthiques » qui consistent en un certain nombre de principes minimaux de réflexion et de pratique disponibles à l’usage des personnes. Cette thèse a dégagé en particulier l’importance de deux formes caractéristiques de ces régimes : la compassion (prise d’une responsabilité infinie face à la détresse d’autrui) chez les opérateurs, et l’autonomie sociale (conciliation entre l’autonomie individuelle et la dépendance relationnelle sur la base d’une reconnaissance de la vulnérabilité et de la fragilité des personnes) chez les usagers. L’activité agricole se définit là comme espace intermédiaire et concret servant de « support » entre ces deux régimes peu visibles et formulés, et difficilement objectivables et justifiables<br>This thesis deals with the ethnographical and sociological analyses of the modes of use of agriculture “in the social sphere”. Two Japanese and Belgian municipal actions are treated in parallel: The Centre for the Creation of Agri-rural Life (Nô-Life Sôsei Center in Japanese) launched in 2004 in Toyota City, which aims at the reinvigoration of fallow land and the promotion of the ikigai (“Life worth living”) for an aging population of permanent residents. In Belgium, the Work Training Initiative at Ferme Delsamme (Entreprise de Formation par le Travail Ferme Delsamme in French) launched in 2002 in La Louvière City, which aims at the socio-professional integration of at-risk adults through organic agriculture. Based on the analysis of forms of engagement of operators and users in their relationships of interaction and their efforts at adjustment, this thesis proposes the idea of “ethical” regimes of action that consist of a minimum number of principles for reflection and practice available to be used by actors. This thesis identified in particular the importance of two characteristic forms of these regimes: compassion (taking an infinite responsibility to address individuals in distress) amongst operators; social autonomy (the balance between individual autonomy and relational dependency based on the recognition of vulnerability and fragility) amongst users. Agricultural activity is defined here as the intermediate space supporting the combination and the performance of these regimes that are not very visible and formalized, and difficult to objectify and justify
29
Shochi, Takaachi. "Prosodie des affects socioculturels en japonais, français et anglais : à la recherche des vrais et faux amis pour le parcours de l’apprenant." Grenoble 3, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE39022.
Full textAbstract:
Les affects sociaux (ou attitudes) exprimés lors des interactions orales sont intimement liées à ce que le locuteur veut exprimer et sont influencées par sa langue et sa culture. Aubergé (2002) défend un contrôle volontaire de ces expressions. À la suite des travaux sur les attitudes du français et de l'anglais britannique menées au GIPSAlab, cette thèse analyse 12 attitudes prosodiques japonaises. Elle décrit leur réalisation et perception par des japonais. L'influence de l'information visuelle est mesurée au moyen d'un corpus multimodal. La localisation des informations acoustiques critiques est évaluée grâce à paradigme de gating. Pour certaines attitudes, les informations sont réparties entre le début et la fin de la phrase, tandis que d'autres sont reconnues immédiatement, et que certaines sont reconnues à un point clés au milieu ou à la fin des énoncés. La perception interculturelle des attitudes est analysée pour trois langues (japonais, français, anglais britannique) afin de mieux comprendre l'importance de la culture sur chacune des attitudes. Les résultats montrent que deux expressions (exclamation de surprise et déclaration) sont reconnues interculturellement, tandis que d'autres se comportent comme des faux amis -en particulier Y expression de politesse japonaise de "kyoshuku". Finalement, l'effet d'apprentissage des langues est mesuré sur des apprenants français de japonais. Ils augmentent progressivement performances, malgré le problème récurrent de l'expression de "kyoshuku"<br>Social affects (or attitudes) expressed by a speaker during a verbal interaction are linked to what the speaker intends to say, and are influenced by the speaker's language culture. Aubergé (2002) postulates a voluntary control of such expressions. Following works on attitudinal expression in French and British English at GIPSA-lab, the current thesis investigates 12 Japanese prosodic attitudes. It describes their realization and their perception by Japanese speakers. The influence of visual information is measured through a multimodal corpus. Critical acoustic information for the attitudes' recognition is gathered thanks to a gating paradigm. For some attitudes, information is spread from the start until the end of the utterances, but some attitudes are recognized immediately, while others are recognized at a critical point at the middle or the end of utterances. Cross•cultural perception of social affects in three languages (Japanese, French and British English) is investigated in order to study cultural cues in social affective expressions. Results show that two attitudes (exclamation of surprise and declaration) are recognized cross culturally, while some others behave like false friends - especially the "kyoshuku" Japanese expressions of politeness. Finally, the language learning effect is measured on French learners of Japanese. Learners gradually increase their performances, but still have problems with the most culturally encoded expressions (i. E. "kyoshuku")
30
Lucken, Michael. "Les peintres japonais à l'épreuve de la guerre, 1935-1952." Paris, INALCO, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999INAL0024.
Full textAbstract:
Dans le cadre de l'évolution totalitaire que connut la société japonaise entre 1935 et 1945, les artistes, de Yokoyama Taikan à Fujita Tsuguji, eurent le double rôle d' encourager les esprits au combat et de transmettre aux générations futures les sacrifices du peuple. Pourtant, malgré la propagande, l'art des années de guerre ne fut ni monolithique, ni figé. Il exista des formes d'expression divergeant en profondeur des diverses formes de l'art officiel, et des œuvres surréalistes ou abstraites se trouvent jusqu'en 1945. Durant l'Occupation (1945-1952), les services américains en charge de l'éducation (CIE) et de la propagande orientèrent avec l'aide des autorités japonaises l'ensemble du renouveau artistique. Ils saisirent les tableaux de guerre, surveillèrent l'évolution du débat sur la responsabilité des artistes dans la guerre, appuyèrent les réformes visant à démocratiser et à ouvrir les manifestations artistiques officielles. Malgré l'impression de liberté retrouvée, la multiplication d'œuvres portant sur la guerre et les drames atomiques après 1950 prouve l'impact de la présence américaine.
31
Matsumura, Vásquez Akemi Jill. "Danzar entre nosotros: construcción de identidad nikkei a través de las actividades artísticas de la colectividad nikkei en Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2016. http://tesis.pucp.edu.pe/repositorio/handle/123456789/7568.
Full textAbstract:
Poco se habla de los níkkeis como un grupo diferenciado y más bien se les asocia inmediatamente con ser japoneses o se les fusiona junto con otros grupos de migrantes del Asía llamándolos genéricamente “chinos”. Los nikkei no forman una comunidad aislada ni marginal, sino que más bien están bien integrados a la sociedad peruana en general. Tanto así que podría apostar por que todos los que lean esta tesis alguna vez han conocido alguno.<br>Tesis
32
Roy, Alexandre. "Le développement industriel japonais au cours de la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle analysé à partir du port de Moji (Kyûshû Nord)." Paris, INALCO, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INAL0005.
Full textAbstract:
Notre thèse propose d'éclairer «par le bas» le développement industriel japonais au cours de la seconde moitié du dix-neuvième siècle, en étudiant le cas du port de Moji. Commandant les voies de communications entre le Japon central, le continent et l'île de Kyûshû, ce port -délaissé sous l'ancien régime (1603-1867) - devint aussitôt après son ouverture au commerce international (en 1890) le grand port charbonnier de l'Asie, l'un des cœurs économiques de la région. S'appuyant sur un champ large de sources (archives locales, gouvernementales, d'entreprises, presse japonaise et internationale, etc. ) notre travail montre, d'abord, le rôle de « pilote » du nouvel Etat et celui de « moteur» des acteurs locaux sur les deux premières décennies de l'ère de Meiji (chap. 1 à 4). Nous montrons aussi comment dans tous les secteurs (productif, logistique, commercial et financier), la dynamique des « petits» acteurs locaux a vite buté contre le développement hégémonique des zaibatsu (cha p. 5 à 7). Enfin, notre analyse de l'expansion commerciale du charbon japonais depuis Moji sur toute l'Asie orientale au cours des années 1890 (chap. 8) insiste sur les facteurs externes : elle résultait de la hausse de la demande en Asie et d'un mouvement global de régionalisation des marchés à l'échelle mondiale. . . Qui éloigna les concurrents britanniques et australiens hors d'Asie. Notre thèse montre ainsi comment le développement industriel japonais reposa autant sur la vigueur des acteurs locaux que sur la direction assurée par l'Etat, avant d'être récupéré et dominé par les zaibatsu, et comment, de bout en bout, ce processus est resté marqué par les évolutions économiques internationales<br>Ln this PhD. Dissertation, I analyze the industrial development in Japan during the second half of the nineteenth century through the case of the port of Moji (northern Kyüshü). While controlling the maritime roads across central Japan, the continent and the island of Kyūshū, this port has been neglected by the authorities during the Edo Period (1603-1867). Lt had to wait for the Imperial Regime (Meiji Restoration in 1868) to become by the dawn of the twentieth century the center of the industry in Western Japan, exporting coal all across the Empire and East Asia since its opening to foreign trade in 1890. Using a wide range of sources (local, governmental and company's archives and publications, national and international press etc. ), we show at first, on the two first decades of the Meiji Era (1868-1905), the State as the "driver" and the local actors as "the engine" of the industrialization process (chap. 1 to 4). However, soon, the vitality of the local actors suffered in every sector (coal production, trade, banking, transportations) from the rising hegemony of the zaibatsu during the 1890s (chap. 5 to 7). This development relied mainly on the expansion from Moji of the Japanese coal market abroad, reaching Singapore. We explain it by insisting on the external factors, as the growing demand in China and the withdrawal of the Australian and British coals from East Asia during the 1890s (chap. 8). The Japanese industrialization then appears to have relied on both the direction provided by the State and the vigor of the local actors, which faced afterward the rising power of the zaibatsu. Overall, the international economie conditions have been crucial in this process
33
Asanuma-Brice, Cécile. "La transformation de la périphérie urbaine de Tokyo par les organismes de logements publics." Paris, EHESS, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012EHES0049.
Full textAbstract:
Si les cités de logements sociaux ont stigmatisé des territoires entiers en France, il ne semble pas en être de même partout, les Japonais, quant à eux, entretiennent une image agreste de ces mêmes territoires. Le Japon ayant connu les mêmes cycles économiques que la France, nous nous sommes interrogée quant à un décalage possible entre la réalité formelle afférente, soit la production en masse de logements pour une population d'ouvriers qu'il fallait fixer près des lieux de production, et l'image retenue et véhiculée collectivement d'un même lieu. Par ce biais, il s'agira de démontrer que l'image que l'on peut avoir d'un territoire est moins liée au territoire lui-même, à la forme urbaine, qu'aux pratiques qui ont cours dans ce territoire, constituant la culture du lieu. Les politiques économiques choisies après guerre ont su jouer de ce processus, de la valorisation des images d'un espace imaginaire idéalisé afin de produire et de faire accepter aux résidents, des espaces dont la planification n'a pour seule motivation la rentabilité économique de celui qui le produit. La planification urbaine engendrée multiplie règles et interdits, clos les espaces habités sous un discours sécuritaire, engendrant une destruction du fonctionnement communautaire. L'État japonais, faute d'avoir su répondre à ses objectifs, décide de cesser son implication dans le secteur du logement et se désengage financièrement à partir de 2005. La triple catastrophe qu'a connu le Japon le 11 mars 2011 aurait pu générer un nouvel engagement de l'État dont l'un des rôles est la protection de sa population. Mais la situation actuelle semble confirmer un abandon de l'État-Providence au secteur privé<br>If social housing estates stigmatized some territories in France, it does not seem to be the same everywhere, Japanese, meanwhile, maintain an image of these rural areas. Japan has experienced the same economic cycles than France, we questioned about a possible gap between the formal reality related, or mass production of housing for population of workers that was set near production sites and the chosen image and collectively conveyed the same place. Through this, it will demonstrate that the image can have a territory is less tied to the land itself, the urban form, as current practices in this area, constituting culture of the place. Economic policies chosen after the war were able to play in this process, recovery images of idealized imaginary space to produce and to accept residents see, for extreme enhancement of the image of the place, to achieve that the resident calls himself spaces whose planning has motivated solely by economic return from that product. Urban planning rules and multiply generated prohibited in enclosed spaces inhabited security discourse without success to question the motivations behind these societal dysfunction. The Japanese government, not having been able to meet its objectives, decides to cease its involvement in the housing sector and financial disengages from 2005. The triple disaster (earthquake, tsunami, nuclear power plant explosion in Fukushima) experienced by Japan March 11, 2011 could generate a new commitment of the State of one of the roles is to protect its population. But the current situation seems to confirm the intent of a transmission role of the welfare state to the private sector
34
Perillán, Luis. "OTAKUS en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2009. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/106188.
Full text
35
Lacour, Pauline. "Quantifier le contenu environnemental des relations économiques entre la Chine et le Japon : Analyse de trois canaux de transfert de technologies vertes." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00825647.
Full textAbstract:
Cette thèse propose une évaluation du contenu environnemental des relations économiques entre le Japon et la Chine, en se basant sur l'analyse de trois canaux de transfert de technologies vertes. Afin de déterminer des dynamiques de diffusion de technologies environnementales (amélioration de l'efficacité énergétique, récupération des polluants, dépollution ou exploitation de sources d'énergie renouvelables), la démonstration s'est concentrée sur trois vecteurs particuliers : les flux commerciaux, les familles internationales de brevets et les Mécanismes pour un Développement Propre (MDP) du Protocole de Kyoto. L'analyse des flux commerciaux depuis le Japon vers la Chine révèle que les importations chinoises de biens environnementaux, de biens d'équipement et de biens de haute technologie sont des canaux de diffusion technologique. En particulier, les estimations économétriques montrent que les importations de biens de haute technologie affectent négativement l'intensité énergétique et carbonique du PIB chinois. L'analyse des données sur les familles internationales de brevets souligne que les technologies facilitant la diminution des niveaux de pollution atmosphérique dominent les transferts du Japon vers la Chine. Enfin, des transferts de connaissances et d'équipements environnementaux apparaissent également dans le cadre des projets MDP financés par des firmes nippones et implantés en Chine. L'analyse empirique de ces MDP fait apparaître que des plans de formation sont mis en œuvre parallèlement à la transmission d'équipements environnementaux, sachant que les transferts apparaissent principalement dans le cadre de projets hydrauliques et éoliens. L'analyse révèle bien que la densité des relations économiques entre le Japon et la Chine s'accompagne de la diffusion de technologies environnementales. L'écart de développement entre le Japon et la Chine ainsi que la présence de capacités d'absorption sur le territoire chinois favorisent la diffusion technologique au travers des flux économiques. L'impact positif de ces flux sur la qualité de l'environnement chinois est renforcé par les incitations gouvernementales aux transferts de technologies ainsi que les législations chinoises sur l'orientation géographique et sectorielle des investissements.
36
Bareille, Laurent. "Les représentations du « mauvais garçon » dans le cinéma japonais de 1955 à 2000, ou le questionnement à propos de l’évolution de la société japonaise par ce paradigme." Thesis, Lyon 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO30016/document.
Full textAbstract:
Depuis la fin de la guerre la société japonaise connaît d’importants changements, le cinéma japonais traitant de son époque est on pourrait dire comme d’autres formes d’expressions artistiques un indicateur des mœurs, des fluctuations de la société, par le regard personnel d’un auteur. Nous verrons dans notre développement dans lequel nous nous arrêterons plus spécialement sur des œuvres « clé » comment par le prisme du personnage du « mauvais garçon », la vision d’un artiste, en l’occurrence un cinéaste prend le plus souvent racine dans une réalité sociale et générationnelle ; et dans le cas du Japon si elle est révélatrice ou non d’une « spécificité » japonaise dans le traitement du récit. Nous avons choisi une approche socio-historique pour notre travail, ainsi les deux parties de cette thèse sont divisées de la sorte : Les diverses formes de représentation des différents groupes de sous culture de la jeunesse japonaise, puis L’évocation de personnages écartés du groupe par ostracisme ou par leur propre volonté. Au cours de la première partie nous étudierons les films dits du Taiyôzoku (la tribu du soleil) tirés des écrits d’Ishihara Shintarô. Puis certains films de la nouvelle vague japonaise, la nouvelle vague dite Shôchiku (du studio du même nom). Dans un deuxième temps nous traiterons des films qui mettent en scène des jeunes appartenant aux sous cultures futenzoku (les hippies) et Bôsôzoku (les gangs de motards). Dans la seconde partie, nous analyserons les films d’Oshima Nagisa et Suzuki Seijun ayant pour sujet des « mauvais garçons ». Nous avons ensuite étudié le yakuza eiga (film de gangsters), plus particulièrement Jingi no hakaba de Fukasaku Kinji réalisé en 1965. Nous terminons notre étude avec l’évocation et les analyses de films des années 1990-2000, ceux d'Iwai shunji, Toyada Toshiaki ou encore Kitano Takeshi<br>Since the end of the War, Japanese society has gone through important changes; Japanese cinema dealing with its history is, we could say, as other forms of artistic expression, an indicator of customs, fluctuations in society, through the eyes of an author.We shall see in our development, in which we will focus in particular on «key» works, how, by the means of the «bad boy» character, the vision of an artist, here a film-maker, usually takes root in a social and generational reality, and in the case of Japan, whether it is revealing or not of a specific Japanese narrative process.We have chosen a socio-historical approach to our work, thus the two parts of this thesis can be divided as follows:The various forms of representation of the different groups of Japanese youth sub-culture, and then identifying the characters ruled out by the group, either by ostracism or by their own will.First, we shall study the so-called Taiyôzoku (tribe of the sun) films, based on Ishihara Shintarô’s written works. Next, some Japanese new wave films, notably of Shôchiku genre (from the studio of the same name). Then we shall deal with films featuring young people from Futenzoku (hippies) and Bôsôzoku (biker gangs) sub-cultures.In the second part, we shall study Oshima Nagisa and Suzuki Seijun films profiling «bad boys». To end, we have studied the yakuza eiga (ganster films), in particular Jingi no hakaba (Graveyard of Honor) directed by Fukasaku Kinji in 1965.We conclude our research by reviewing and analysing 1990-2000 films, those of Iwai Shunji, Toyada Toshiaki or Kitano Takeshi
37
Casilli, Antonio A. "Les mythes de régénération dans la cyberculture : le corps et ses utopies." Paris, EHESS, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006EHES0008.
Full textAbstract:
Entre 1984 et 2001, la cyberculture a colporté l'utopie d'un corps technologiquement régénéré, véhiculant les attentes liées à la corporéité contemporaine. Dans les années 1980, la diffusion du mythe du cyborg coïncida avec l'essor de la micro-informatique. Figure du corps infecté par la machine le cyborg se fit miroir des craintes de contamination répandues dans les années du Sida. Au début des années 1990, la cyberculture se réorienta vers la possibilité de «désincarner» le corps pour qu'il puisse vivre dans des réalités virtuelles décontaminées. Avec l'arrivée du Web, l'attention se concentra sur la composition d'un corps numérique en ligne. Tout bien pesé, les inquiétudes de la cyberculture se sont concentrées sur une conception spécifique du corps - cautionnée par le savoir biomédical, rentrée dans une crise de confiance avec l'explosion du Sida. Cet affaiblissement fortuit de la biomédecine stimula l'élaboration de conceptions antagonistes du corps au sein de la cyberculture<br>Between 1984 and 2001, cyberculture promoted the utopian ideal of a technologically regenerated body, echoing the expectations related to contemprary corporality. In the 1980s, the spread of the cyborg myth corresponded to the boom of personal computing. While epitomizing the body infected by machinery, the cyborg mirrored the fears of contamination prevalent in the AIDS years. At the beginning of the 1990s, cyberculture refocused on the possibility of "disembodying" the body in order to allow it to inhabit decontaminated virtual realities. With the rise of the Web, the attention turned to the configuration of a digitized online body. All things considered, cybercultural anxieties converged on a specific conception of the body - the one endorsed by biomedical knowledge, wich underwent a crisis of confidence due to the AIDS pandemics. Biomedecine fortuitous weakening prompted the development of challenging conceptions of the body within cyberculture
38
Capel, Mathieu. "Dans les coupures du monde – Cinéastes japonais face à la Haute croissance 1956-1973." Thesis, Paris 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA030087.
Full textAbstract:
La décennie 1960 figure comme une période d’intenses bouleversements dans l’histoire du cinéma japonais. Une nouvelle génération de cinéastes s’impose et se démarque des "grands maîtres" des années 1930 et 1950, tandis que se diversifient les plateformes de production et que les grands studios voient s’effriter leur monopole sur l’industrie des loisirs. L’heure est à la libération sexuelle, à la contestation politique, aux mouvements citoyens contre la pollution industrielle : un climat libertaire propice aux irrévérences, dont le monde cinématographique se fait comptable à travers une série de "scandales". Pourtant cette nouvelle et turbulente jeunesse du cinéma ne saurait s’envisager comme un simple phénomène démographique, malgré ce que certains cinéastes, Nakahira Kô et les tenants d’un éphémère "Taiyôzoku", voudraient faire croire à la fin des années 1950. Pour d’autres, Oshima Nagisa, Yoshida Kijû ou Matsumoto Toshio, le renouvellement passe au contraire par une redéfinition du rôle du cinéaste et de la façon dont il "agit" le monde : aussi est-il plutôt question de "vision du monde". Cette transition se constate d’autant mieux qu’on la rapporte au cinéma d’après-guerre, dont Imai, Naruse, Kurosawa développent des options esthétiques spécifiques, pour bâtir un espace-temps entropique, miné par l’angoisse. Mais l’accès du pays à la prospérité au tournant des années 1960, célébrée en grande pompe par les Jeux Olympiques de Tokyo de 1964, semble dissiper cette angoisse, entraînant les cinéastes de la nouvelle génération vers d’autres modèles théoriques et esthétiques, aptes à rendre compte de la nouvelle société de consommation et de communication de masse<br>The years 1960s stand as a time of upheaval in the history of Japanese cinema. A new generation of filmmakers arises, marking its difference from the so-called “great masters” of the 1930s and 1950s. The platforms of movie production diversify, while the great studios lose their domination upon the leisure industry. It is time for sexual freedom, political protests, civil movements against industrial pollution: a climate suitable for audacity and bold behaviors one can notice thoughout the cinematographic world, thanks to various "scandals". Yet that new and boisterous youth shall not be considered as a mere demographic change, whatever may pretend filmmakers such as Nakahira Kô and other upholders of the so-called "Taiyôzoku" at the end of the 1950s. Indeed, for the likes of Oshima Nagisa, Yoshida Kijû and Matsumoto Toshio, that renewal relies on the contrary on a new definition of filmmaking as a way to "enact" the world: thus would it rather be a matter of weltanschauung. Such a transition is obvious when compared to postwar films: for instance, Imai, Naruse or Kurosawa develop specific aesthetic patterns what draw a world of entropy, undermined by anguish. Yet the access to prosperity at the turn of the 1960s, as celebrated by 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, seems to dissipate such feelings, leading the young generation of filmmakers toward other aesthetic options, able to give account of the new society of mass consumption
39
Otani, Kenji. "Determinants of the tempo and quantum of Japanese cohort marital fertility since the 1960s." Phd thesis, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/117020.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis has clarified the determinants of the period fertility decline in the early 1970s. As a result of decompositions, we found that a large part of the decline in the total fertility rate in the early 1970s was attributable to a drop in the total marital fertility rate. Then 'we investigated the tempo and quantum aspects of Japanese cohort marital fertility since the 1960s which affect the trends in the total marital fertility rate. With respect to the tempo aspects, we examined the trends in and the effects of background variables on wife’s age at first marriage and the first and second birth intervals. As a result, important facts were found regarding the first and second birth intervals. That is to say, the proportional hazards model analysis of the first birth interval reveals that love matches and conjugal families immediately after marriage are accompanied by a longer first birth interval than others even after controlling for other covariates. Marriage cohort also shows a net effect on the relative risk of having a first birth. In accordance with our expectation that, since the 1960s, other things being equal, the spread of parents’ aspiration to children’s high education may have induced a first birth soon after marriage, the marriage cohorts since the mid-1960s demonstrate a shorter first birth interval than the 1961-63 marriage cohort. If we do not control for other background variables, this shortening tendency of the first birth interval is obscured by increases in love matches and conjugal families just after marriage over marriage cohorts which are likely to entail a longer first birth interval. On the other hand, the univariate analysis of the second birth interval clearly shows that it became shorter over marriage cohorts since the 1960s. The proportional hazards model analysis demonstrates that longer first birth intervals, conjugal families immediately after marriage and higher age at first marriage of women are associated with a longer second birth interval. In contrast with the univariate result, once we controlled for other covariates, we found no effect of marriage cohort on the relative risk of having a second birth except in the marriage cohorts of the early 1970s. It was suggested that the change in second-birth timing stemmed from the shortening first birth interval among others and that an attitudinal change towards birth timing in this period was mainly restricted to that of a first birth. A divergent second birth function in the 1970-72 marriage cohort was scrutinized in detail. We found that conjugal families immediately after marriage, wives with low education, wives with white-collar husband, wives with white-collar father and wives with high age at first marriage who married in the period 1970-72 and had a first birth in the period 1972-74 experienced the most pronounced rise in the second birth interval. This might be because their relatively higher sensitivity to a change in socio-economic circumstances than others was released by the highly contrasting experiences around the oil crisis while they married and had a first birth, thereby inducing a delay of second birth. As regards the quantum aspects, we examined the trends in and the effects of background variables on cumulative fertility and found no sizable change in the childcumulation process over marriage cohorts except in the early stage of marriage. Only a small proportion of the variance of completed fertility was explained by background variables. Nonetheless, we discovered a tendency that extended family immediately after marriage was associated with higher cumulative fertility in conformity with the Lorimer- Davis hypothesis. Since a further increase in wife's age at first marriage and another decline in the proportion of extended families immediately after marriage are not likely in the near future of Japan, these two factors will not reduce completed fertility (now around 2.2) any more. Background variables account for only small proportions of the intended and ideal numbers of children and measured intended and ideal family sizes do not show any sign of an increase in the preference for childlessness or the one-child family as observed in some Western countries. Bearing in mind the findings on the tempo and quantum aspects of cohort marital fertility, we decomposed the reduction in the total marital fertility rate in the early 1970s. We found th a t the drop between the periods 1970-72 and 1973-75 wras essentially produced by a change in second-birth timing over marriage cohorts since the mid-1960s. Th a t is, a shift in second-birth timing to earlier second births after marriage since the 1964-66 marriage cohort elicited an increase in the to ta l marital fertility rate in the periods 1967-69 and 1970-72. Then, with a diminution of the effect of old marriage cohorts before the shift in second-birth timing, the total marital fertility rate dropped in the period 1973-75 and this decline was amplified by an ephemeral delay of the second birth in the 1970-72 marriage cohort. We also discovered th a t a reduction in the total marital fertility rate in the period 1979-81 was mainly produced by a delay in the first birth in the 1979-81 marriage cohort. Given th a t the drop in the total fertility rate in the early 1970s is largely a ttrib u tab le to a decrease in the total marital fertility rate, most of the drop in the total fertility rate in this period is also a ttrib u tab le to the change in second-birth timing over marriage cohorts since the mid-1960s and the temporal disturbance in second-birth timing in marriage cohorts of the early 1970s. The shift in second-birth timing since the mid-1960s possibly resulted from reductions of first birth intervals in the same period and the temporal delay of the second birth in the 1970-72 marriage cohort was probably caused by the first oil crisis. It was also suggested th at the delay of the first birth in the 1979-81 marriage cohort stemmed from the effect of the second oil crisis. In relation to the delay of the first birth in the 1979-81 marriage cohort, we explored the possibility of socio-cultural transitions to women's greater independence and self-reliance in present-day Japan. At present there is no drastic and fundamental change in women’s status and a ttitu d e s towards self-fulfilment which is likely to encroach on the firmly established two-child family preference in Japan.
40
"Tracking the national dream of the sojourners: railway building as an institution in modern Japan." Thesis, 2010. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b6074928.
Full textAbstract:
The research appropriates a theoretical-methodological framework of institutionalization analysis, which helps us to delineate how a collective belief, as in the case of railway building in Japan, was formulated. This framework helps us to delineate how a legitimate social order was established through discoursing, ritualizing, and imagining. Myths, rituals and imaginations attached to the notion of railway were indeed ideological concepts and packages to represent the changing society, even though these efforts might not be well recognized by different social players who participated in the making of this railway belief. The research argues that railway building became one of the most powerful manifestations of nation building. It is a part of the long-evolving process of Japan through which the emerging collectivity came to define and redefine itself in the growing world society. Through railway building, different social players tried to articulate myths, form rituals and share imaginations, and at the same time negotiate what rational economic policies, a legitimate democratic polity and an imagined community meant.<br>The research delineates the process of the building of the railway system in modem Japan (1868--1937). While the railways are commonly considered to be an economic and political infrastructure that is functional to the secular governments to integrate the invented nation-state, however, this does not adequately explain why there are many distinctive cultural imaginaries related to the railway in Japan and why the Japanese seems to be faithful enough to continue to lay tracks for years. I argue that trains are more than mere economic infrastructure through which collective sentiments are expressed. Instead, I argue that the belief that is formed towards the railway had been collectively crafted by different social players for a variety of reasons in the due course of modem Japanese history. Emerging social players, including capitalists, politicians, and commoners, tried to justify their varied practices by making claims to define the great use of railway. Railway building gradually became a shared platform on which different power and interests could be defined and practices legitimized. Those rationales, however, might have nothing to do with the instrumental "use" of railway, but were intimately related to the making of capitalism, democracy and nation-building in modem Japan.<br>Cheung, Yuk Man.<br>Adviser: Suk-Ying Wong.<br>Source: Dissertation Abstracts International, Volume: 72-04, Section: A, page: .<br>Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 294-323).<br>Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, MI : ProQuest Information and Learning Company, [200-] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web.<br>Abstract also in Chinese.
41
Michinobu, Toshiyuki. "Exploration of Japanese women's patterns of educational attainment : the effect of gender of siblings." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/34692.
Full textAbstract:
Guided by the emerging interest in gender of siblings as one important
sociological component in American family studies, the major objective of this study
was to examine the effect of sex composition of siblings on women's levels of
educational attainment in the Japanese setting. The present study hypothesized
that the presence of brothers poses women a greater obstacle to a high level of
educational attainment than the presence of sisters. For the purpose of gaining
more depth in understanding Japanese women's education, this study also
investigated other factors which differentiate the patterns of educational
attainment between men and women.
Two major methods were employed for the exploration. First, in order to
examine the effect of sibling gender, this study analyzed quantitative data obtained
from a sample of 518 young women. Second, face-to-face interviews were
conducted with 15 mothers and 15 young women individually. In the interviews,
in addition to several issues surrounding women's education, the mothers were
asked their experiences about their children's education whereas the young women
were asked their own educational experiences.
The quantitative results identified gender of siblings as one important
family characteristic in explaining women's levels of educational attainment.
While providing some support for the quantitative findings, the qualitative data
revealed the importance of other factors including parental attitudes toward gender
role ideology and the notion of an appropriate marriage age. Implications of the
findings for future research are discussed.<br>Graduation date: 1996
42
Takahashi, Tokiko. "Cultural analysis of the Karakuwa fishing community in Japan and Fishermen's reforestation movement." Thesis, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/28464.
Full textAbstract:
Based on the author's ethnographic research at the Karakuwa fishing community in
Japan, this thesis explains a cultural process of the local people's synthesis of the values they
place on nature and their everyday behavior in a modern industrial world. Explicated by
ethnographic narrative, this study focuses on a revitalization movement similar to others
attempted by fishermen in other parts of Japan. These revitalization movements embody
values, held by fishermen for centuries, that nature should be respected. These movements
also serve as symbolic activities to resurrect natural resource users' visions of nature, that
emphasize the connectedness of all parts of nature including humans. In the specific
revitalization movement studied here, the activists insist on the fishermen's knowledge of the
connection between reforestation upstream on a coastal river and the coastal fishing ground.
This study also demonstrates how significant it is to know the insiders' points of view
and their cultural values when we try to understand the relationship between humans and
nature. By studying what kind of traditional knowledge the Karakuwa fishermen have utilized
to support the fishermen's reforestation activities and what has been dismissed, we can gain
insight into the process of value transformation that takes place side by side with the actual
environmental degradation and economic changes experienced by the local fishermen. In this
study, the conclusion is that local people manage with those contradictions by categorizing
events along a continuum between "reality" and "ideal." This study contributes to the local
people in the Karakuwa fishing community as a source of cultural information extending their
knowledge about their indigenous identity and furthering their understanding of how they
revitalize their local traditions yet modernize in this era of globalization.<br>Graduation date: 2003
43
Nakamura, Yuko. "Beyond invisible motherhood : how women make decisions not to have children within the prevailing understandings of childlessness in Japan." Thesis, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/69733.
Full textAbstract:
Although motherhood is believed to be an essential role for Japanese women, a growing minority of women are choosing to be childfree. This thesis explores why Japanese women choose not to have children, given the strong pronatalist discourse on motherhood. Childfree women’s voices are rarely heard in society and the subject is also absent from Japanese feminism. A qualitative-interpretive study of existing narratives was undertaken to record the reasons, experiences and meaning of being childfree in Japanese society from women’s perspectives. Women in narratives identified the difficulty of combining work and family as the main reason they were childfree. Other major reasons women choose not to have children are: they reject gender inequality, once a woman has a child, gender/sex role assignment comes into her relationship with her husband/partner, husband/father becomes a breadwinner and the wife/mother is responsible for domestic work including childrearing; women choosing to be childfree value their individual fulfilment about the social role of wife/mother, they would like to be human beings or they stressed their identity in terms of their careers.<br>Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Social Sciences, 2007
44
Chatani, Sayaka. "Nation-Empire: Rural Youth Mobilization in Japan, Taiwan, and Korea 1895-1945." Thesis, 2014. https://doi.org/10.7916/D8VH5MF4.
Full textAbstract:
By the turn of the twentieth century, "rural youth" came to symbolize the spirit of hard work, masculinity, and patriotism. The village youth associations, the seinendan, as well as a number of other youth training programs, carried that ideal and spread it all over the Japanese empire. This dissertation examines how the movement to create "rural youth" unfolded in different parts of the empire and how young farmers responded to this mobilization. By examining three rural areas in Miyagi (northern Japan), Xinzhu (Taiwan), and South Ch'ungch'ŏng (Korea), I argue that the social tensions and local dynamics, such as the divisions between urban and rural, the educated and the uneducated, and the young and the old, determined the motivations and emotional drives behind youth participation in the mobilization. To invert the analytical viewpoint from the state to youth themselves, I use the term "Rural Youth Industry." This indicates the social sphere in which agrarian youth transformed themselves from perpetual farmers to success-oriented modern youth, shared an identity as "rural youth" by incorporating imperial and global youth activism, and developed a sense of moral superiority over the urban, the educated, and the old. The social dynamics of the "Rural Youth Industry" explain why many of these youth so internalized the ideology of Japanese nationalism that they volunteered for military service and fought for the empire.
This dissertation offers a new perspective to the study of modern empires in several respects. It provides a new way to dissect the colonial empire, challenging the methodological trap of emphasizing the present-day national boundaries of Japan, Taiwan, and Korea. It highlights rural modernity, often neglected in the urban-centric historiography of colonial modernity. It also brings together global, regional, and local histories. The seinendan were part of the global waves of imperialism, nation-state building, agrarianism, and the rise of youth. I argue that the spread of the "Rural Youth Industry" most clearly exemplifies a central characteristic of the Japanese empire, which is summarized as its drive to pursue nation-building across its imperial domains, forming a "nation-empire." This dissertation examines the operations of the "nation-empire" at the grassroots level by comparing the social environments of mobilized agrarian youth. Situating the practices of the Japanese empire in these broader contexts as well as the specific local conditions of village societies, this dissertation illuminates the nature of mass mobilization and the shifting relationship between the state and society in the first half of the twentieth century.
45
Leman, Hope. "The group ethos in Japanese preschools and in Japanese society." Thesis, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37220.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the group ethos that is such a critical part of preschool education in
contemporary Japan. The paper discusses the importance to parents and to the government
of suppressing individuality and of inculcating a positive feeling for the group in children in
Japanese early childhood education. The group ethos is a part of Japanese society as a
whole and of its political culture, in particular. The purpose of this paper is to attempt to
discover parallels between values that prevail in early childhood classrooms and in
Japanese politics and culture. The paper also explores the possible costs, both to individual
children and to society, of the overarching priority of socialization for group living in the
preschool setting.<br>Graduation date: 1998
46
Thorsten, Morimoto Marie Annette. "Education economicus? : issues of nation, knowledge and identity in contemporary Japan." Thesis, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/10158.
Full text
47
Fushimi, Katsutoshi. "Cultural and historical transformation of judo in the United States and Japan : is sport dependent on the dominant culture?" Thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1957/37307.
Full textAbstract:
Among sport sociologists, the dependency relationship
between sport and the dominant culture has become an important
area of concern. Examination of the cultural and historical
transformations of specific sports may be expected to provide
significant insights into the nature of this relationship.
The purpose of this study was to develop hypotheses to explain
how the meanings and the forms of judo have been transformed
and/or maintained in the society of origin, Japan, and in an
adoptive society, the United States.
An ethnographic study, based upon in-depth interviews
with judo instructors in the United States and Japan, selected
by means of criterion-based and purposive sampling, served as
the principal source of information. In addition, a variety
of additional information-gathering methods were used for the
two countries. Observations at selected judo clubs and
tournaments, informal interviews with judoists, and analysed
of sport-specific publications, were employed to develop the
credibility of the findings. Consequently, three hypotheses
were developed and explored: ( 1 ) the forms of judo are
independent of the dominant society, (2) the meanings of judo
are strongly dependent upon the dominant society, and (3) the
forms of judo in Japan have been subject to greater variance
than judo as practiced in the United States.
In addition, based upon modern methodology of consumer
behavior, an investigation of the favorite possessions of
judoists in the United States and Japan was conducted to
explore the deeper meanings of judo to individual participants
in each country. For the United States, three themes emerged:
(1} judo as a means to form friendships, (2) judo as a means
to express individual abilities, and (3) persistence of the
Kodokan-Japanese orientation. For Japan, the two themes which
addressed the meaning of judo were: ( 1 ) judo as a means of
self-discipline and (2) judo as a championship sport.
When considered jointly, both ethnographic inquiry and
favorite possessions investigation suggested that there were
culturally different reasons why individuals in the two
countries chose to seek involvement in the sport of judo.
Basically, American judoists tended to emphasize friendships
among judoists and the value of individual achievements,
whereas Japanese judoists valued the nature of individual
effort and respectful feelings for their instructor and the
instructional process.<br>Graduation date: 1993
48
Ryan, Trevor Owen. "Demographic transition and transformation of regulation and law in Japan." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/150457.
Full textAbstract:
This dissertation argues that Japan's rapid and dramatic demographic transition is having a transformative effect on regulation and law. It argues that the myriad social and economic challenges associated with demographic transition are a catalyst for collaborative forms of governance - that is, governance that employs indirect and pluralist regulation to supervise and co-opt an otherwise autonomous non-state sector. It contends that Japan's tradition of legal pluralism, which blends formal and contextual elements, is conducive to this collaborative approach to grappling with radical demographic change. However, this tradition has also created an accountability deficit prompting an apparent 'liberal ascendancy' and strengthened commitment to the Rule of Law. In three case studies-retirement pensions, childcare, and adult guardianship - this dissertation demonstrates that the exigencies of demographic change have catalysed compromise between the liberal tradition and the proliferation of indirect, collaborative, and 'responsive' forms of regulation. As evidence, this dissertation charts the growth of 'regulatory' and 'accountability' networks, which span the public and private sectors, and the parallel development of 'hybridisation' of public and private law in Japan.
49
Ogren, Holly. "Bending the "rules" : strategic language use in role and status negotiation among women in a rural northeastern Japanese community." 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2152/11287.
Full text
50
"Crazy about the railroad: Japanese company workers who live for their hobbies." 2003. http://library.cuhk.edu.hk/record=b5891502.
Full textAbstract:
Cheung Yuk Man.<br>Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 124-137).<br>Abstracts in English and Chinese.<br>Abstract --- p.i<br>Acknowledgements --- p.iii<br>List of Figures and Note --- p.iv<br>Chapter Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1<br>Overview<br>Literature Review<br>Methodology<br>Chapter Chapter 2 --- "Background study: Meanings of life, work, and railway hobby in Japan" --- p.25<br>Introduction<br>Meanings of life in Japan: Past and present<br>The possibility of finding an authentic ikigai: Hobby in Japan<br>General background of railway hobby and hobbyists in Japan<br>Conclusion: Justifying railway hobby as a legitimate ikigai<br>Chapter Chapter 3 --- Making sense of self: Relationship between work and hobby among different salaried men --- p.44<br>Introduction<br>The loss of vocation: The impossibility to find an ideal job for railway hobbyists<br>The burden of prestige: Elite salarymen who must always focus on their work<br>Seeking a place for self: Different ways to maintain identity as hobbyists<br>Working alone: An ideal workplace for hobbyists?<br>Conclusion: Towards a common mentality of railway hobbyists<br>Chapter Chapter 4 --- Hobby as ikigai outside and inside of company --- p.65<br>Introduction<br>Dealing with institutional rules: Crafting one's own time without violating rules<br>Power via peer support: Getting accepted among colleagues and superiors<br>Finding a place of self and for ikigai in everyday life<br>"Conclusion: Asserting a space for self in a ""groupist"" world of work"<br>Chapter Chapter 5 --- Negotiating ikigai as hobby within the family --- p.90<br>Introduction<br>Difficulties and possibilities for hobbyists to find partners<br>Negotiating between wife and trains: From ideals to realities<br>Problems and issues in family life: From unification to separation<br>Conclusion: Searching for a self beyond the private sphere of family<br>Chapter Chapter 6 --- Conclusion --- p.111<br>A lifelong journey for the hobby<br>Meanings of hobby among hobbyists<br>A possible trend in the future: Enjoying oneself alone<br>Appendix --- p.122<br>Bibliography --- p.124