Journal articles on the topic 'Japan History Meiji period'
To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Japan History Meiji period.
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Japan History Meiji period.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Hidari, Kana, and Niina Nakano. "A Report on “Old Map Collection” by Geospatial Information Authority of Japan." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-112-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Historical maps are valuable resources to understand the topography, land use, and land cover of the country in the past. Recently they have been used as basic data in fields such as education, disaster prevention or research on local history. Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI) has been working on collecting and archiving historical maps which were drawn before than Meiji period. However, public use of these maps is often confined because they are almost non-existent or have the possibility of being damaged. Therefore, in order for everyone to use these maps, GSI created a website “Old Map Collection” (Figure 1), which provides various digitized historical maps. In this presentation, we introduce the summary of “Old Map Collection” and some of its new contents.</p><p>In 2005 GSI created a website “Old Map Collection” to provide historical maps for public use as historical, cultural, and academic documents. Users can browse about 1,500 map sheets including various related information, e.g., name, size, date-of-creation, author, and pictorial image. Also all maps are categorized into 15 fields such as maps made in Meiji period, maps of Japan, world maps, and Ino’s maps, based on their age of publication, range of area, and purpose of use, which enables users to find maps more easily.</p><p>2018 marked the 150th anniversary since the beginning of Meiji period, when the modernization of Japan started. In order to bequeath the history of Meiji to future generations, Japanese government has promoted the policy named “MEIJI 150th”. One of the projects GSI conducted related to “MEIJI 150th” was the additional release of 1:20,000 scale original rapid survey map, e.g., Figure 2, on “Old Map Collection”. This map was created from 1880 to 1886 (the 13th -19th years of Meiji period) in advance of the national survey by General Staff Office of the Imperial Japanese Army, and is now owned only by GSI. It contains 921 colored map sheets which cover the area of capital Tokyo and its surrounding regions.</p>
2
Tomlinson, B. R. "Writing History Sideways: Lessons for Indian Economic Historians from Meiji Japan." Modern Asian Studies 19, no. 3 (July 1985): 669–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00007769.
Full textAbstract:
The history of economic growth and industrial development in Meiji Japan has long attracted the attention of economic historians of India, especially those who are concerned with the question of industrial development. There is as yet no consensus as to the message of any comparison between Japan and India, and the battlefield between different analyses of the Meiji economy has proved a useful source of pillage to dress up conflicting interpretations of the Indian economy in this and later periods.
3
Zachmann, Urs Matthias. "Book Review: China and Japan in the Late Meiji Period." Journal of the History of International Law 14, no. 2 (2012): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/138819912x13333544461434.
Full text
4
Duus, Peter. "Economic Interdependency and U.S.-Japan Relations During the Inter-war Period." Tocqueville Review 16, no. 2 (January 1995): 41–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.16.2.41.
Full textAbstract:
It is a commonplace that as an industrial economy grows it will develop an increasingly complex set of market relationships with the outside world, particularly with other industrial economies. Although the early Meiji leaders were apprehensive that Western imports, loans, and investment would have a negative impact on the domestic economy, their decision to embark on a crash program of industrial development left Japan unable to escape this inevitable consequence of industrialization.
5
Ikegami, Eiko. "Citizenship and National Identity in Early Meiji Japan, 1868–1889: A Comparative Assessment." International Review of Social History 40, S3 (December 1995): 185–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859000113641.
Full textAbstract:
After the collapse of the long-standing Tokugawa regime (1603–1867), Japan under the Meiji emperor (1867–1912) rapidly implemented the process of modern nation-building by effectively utilizing the venerable institution of the emperor (Tennō) as its new national symbol. Following the imperial restoration, the Meiji government abolished the socioeconomic and political privileges of the samurai class, namely its exclusive right to bear arms, hold office and receive hereditary stipends. By 1900, Japan had already equipped itself with a modern Constitution that defined citizens' rights and obligations, a parliamentary system, an updated judicial system, universal education, a restructured national and local bureaucracy, national standing army, private ownership of land, and a nation-wide taxation system. None of these institutions had existed prior to 1868. All of the developmental innovations listed above were instituted within little more than a quarter century after the collapse of their predecessor's political structures. Before the Meiji restoration, Japanese society had been governed exclusively by its hereditary samurai elites for two and a half centuries. It was only during the early Meiji period – a little more than two decades or so – that the concept of kokumin (usually translated as “citizen”, more literally “country-person”) entered the popular vocabulary for the first time in Japanese history. The complex social and political dynamics of this initial period of development for Japanese citizenship rights is the primary object of my inquiry.
6
Ideto, Masatoshi, Yuki Kurisu, and Hideyuki Toishigawa. "Potential of Digital Elevation Topographic Maps reveal the history of the region: comparing Those Maps with Marsh data in the early Meiji Period." Abstracts of the ICA 1 (July 15, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ica-abs-1-134-2019.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Landform of lowland is remains of the natural disasters and the history. Residents of this area are influenced of the landform with history of natural disaster. Therefore, there is an inseparable relationship between topography and social life. At Geospatial Information Authority of Japan (GSI), we are creating Thematic maps which clearly express topographic information. We also create, Thematic maps which distinguish the topography from the formation of the land. New findings can be obtained by considering these thematic maps in combination.</p><p> In this paper, we study the relationship between landform and history of Tokyo by comparing “Digital Elevation Topographic Map” and “Marsh data in the early Meiji Period”. (This early Meiji Period here is the 1880s.)</p>
7
Steele, M. William. "From Custom to Right: The Politicization of the Village in Early Meiji Japan." Modern Asian Studies 23, no. 4 (October 1989): 729–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00010180.
Full textAbstract:
In 1874 Itagaki Taisuke and other critics of the newly established Meiji government submitted a petition demanding a popularly elected national assembly. This is said to be the origin of the Liberty and People's Rights Movement (jiyū minken undō). Around the same time a number of local political leaders intensified their campaign for the creation of village assemblies. Although the demand for local autonomy in the early Meiji period was both deep-felt and widespread, only a few scholars, notably Neil Waters, have diverted their attention from Itagaki and other political activists and thinkers at the center. An examination of Meiji local politics is nonetheless essential to understand Japan's modern political development.
8
Tang, John. "Financial intermediation and late development in Meiji Japan, 1868 to 1912." Financial History Review 20, no. 2 (May 15, 2013): 111–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0968565013000085.
Full textAbstract:
Was nineteenth-century Japan an example of finance-led growth? Using a new panel data set of firms from the Meiji period (1868–1912), this article tests whether financial sector development influenced extensive firm activity across industries and locations. Results from a two-stage least squares first difference model suggest that financial intermediation is associated with additional net firm establishment, particularly in light manufacturing sectors like textiles. The overall effect is muted in the latter part of the period and among peripheral regions, which may underscore the respective roles of institutions and agglomeration economies in later stages of development.
9
Bincsik, Monika. "European collectors and Japanese merchants of lacquer in ‘Old Japan’." Journal of the History of Collections 20, no. 2 (August 5, 2008): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jhc/fhn013.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract During the Meiji period, following the opening of Japan's borders to foreign trade, not only did the Japanese lacquer trading system and the market undergo a marked change but so too did almost all the factors affecting collecting activities: the European reception of the aesthetics and history of Japanese lacquer art, the taste of the collectors, the structure of private collections, the systematization of museum collections, along with changes in the art canon in the second half of the nineteenth century. The patterns of collecting Japanese lacquer art in the second half of the nineteenth century cannot be understood in depth without discussing shortly its preliminaries in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, focusing also on the art historical reception of Japanese lacquer in Europe. Supplementary material relating to this article in the form of a list of dealers and distributors of lacquer in Japan during the Meiji period (1868–1912) is available online.
10
Maxson, Hillary. "Gathering for Tea in Modern Japan: class, culture and consumption in the Meiji period." Social History 45, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 124–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03071022.2019.1693765.
Full text
11
Notehelfer, Fred G. "Rural Japan and the Outside World in Meiji Japan." Tocqueville Review 16, no. 2 (January 1995): 23–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.16.2.23.
Full textAbstract:
As a historian of nineteenth century Japan tny object in this essay is to concentrate on the issue of social change in the late Tokugawa and early Mciji periods and to relate such social change to the broader issues of changing Japanese perceptions of the outside world. I must begin with the caveat that a number of the issues I attempt to address in this essay remain to be explored further and subjected to the kind of detailed historical scrutiny that historians normally require to confirm their hypotheses. What follows is therefore something of a speculative essay that may well raise as many questions as it answers. The arguments put forth represent my own current effort to wrestle with the broader question of what happened in the Meiji transformation.
12
Christanda, Richard Ahadi Christanda, and Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani. "Binary Opposition as the Manifestation of the Spirit of Meiji in Natsume Sōseki’s Kokoro." Journal of Language and Literature 19, no. 2 (October 1, 2019): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.24071/joll.v19i2.2132.
Full textAbstract:
<p><em>Every period in history has its own unique identity. Meiji period in historical Japan is no exception to this, having its own identity called the spirit of Meiji. This research attempts to reveal this identity, which present in the story of Kokoro, by using binary opposition. Binary opposition allows comparing and examining contradicting elements. Since the spirit of Meiji is defined as having “two contradictory elements”, therefore, binary opposition is suitable for revealing the spirit of Meiji.</em></p><p><em></em><em>The goal of this research is to show how binary opposition constitutes as a crucial element to the unique identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji. In order to achieve this, two research problems are used as guides. One is how story of Kokoro presents the binary oppositions and two is how the spirit of Meiji manifests in the binary oppositions.</em></p><p><em>In this research, library research was conducted in order to collect the relevant data. It uses texts in both printed form and digital form. The primary source for the research is the novel Kokoro by NatsumeSōseki while the secondary sources are taken from various books and articles.</em></p><p><em></em><em>The first step in explaining the spirit of Meiji is to examine the binary oppositions within in the story. The binary oppositions itself are revealed through the characters and the setting of the story. Through these two elements, five binary oppositions are revealed. They are past against present, old against young, rural against urban, community against privacy, and family against individual. These binary oppositions are then compared to the situation in real-world Meiji period in order to validate whether they really are the spirit of Meiji or not. It is then, through this direct comparison, the binary oppositions are found mirroring the situation in the real Meiji period. Therefore, it can be concluded that binary opposition is the manifestation of the identity of Meiji period, which is the spirit of Meiji.</em></p><p><strong><em>Keywords:</em></strong> binary opposition, Meiji period, spirit of Meiji.</p><p>_________________________________________</p><p>DOI > <a href="https://search.crossref.org/?q=10.24071%2Fjoll.2019.190208">https://doi.org/10.24071/joll.2019.190208</a></p>
13
Kawata, Atsuko, and Tokio Kato. "Life history of Naito Masu: a female pioneer of women’s education in Yamanashi Prefecture in the early Meiji Period." Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa (Auto)biográfica 4, no. 12 (December 26, 2019): 879–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.31892/rbpab2525-426x.2019.v4.n12.p879-892.
Full textAbstract:
Naito Masu (1823~1901) was the first woman who advocated publicly the necessity of education for women; she did so in early Meiji period (1870’s) in Yamanashi Prefecture. In the Edo period, it was said that women did not need to study for a long time; therefore her achievement of founding a women’s private school and publishing a textbook regarding moral education for women were epoch making activities in the women’s education in Japan. This paper presents Masu’s life history and the process of development, because she is considered a woman who was sensitive to the gap between the education for men and women in developing their own lives. Masu’s activities following the Meiji Restoration are well-known; however, it is unknown about how and where she had been educated prior to this time. There is a travel diary written by Masu, named as “Suruga-kiko” and owned by Yamanashi Prefectural Museum. It is the appropriate source to know the first half of Masu’s life because it is thought to be written before the Meiji Restoration. This paper looks to draw a clear picture of the unknown part of Masu’s life, including her friends and acquaintances before Meiji Restoration, by citing it. She had grown her circle of acquaintances in the area along Fujigawa Highway and Fuji River. This area is associated with Japanese classic literature, as well as with most pupils of Prof. Hirata, lived in Kai no kuni. The author made investigations in the area and interviewed some people who live there now about Masu and the region’s educational history. As the result of this original research, this paper presents that Masu must developed her culture and education there.
14
MIZUNO, NORIHITO. "Early Meiji Policies Towards the Ryukyus and the Taiwanese Aboriginal Territories." Modern Asian Studies 43, no. 3 (May 2009): 683–739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x07003034.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThis article focuses on Meiji Japan's policies towards the Ryukyus and the Taiwanese aboriginal territories in the early 1870s. The Meiji Government incorporated the Ryukyus by abolishing the kingdom in 1872 and sent expeditionary forces to the Taiwanese aboriginal territories on the pretext of the massacre of the shipwrecked Ryukyuans by the aboriginal tribes in 1874. Many Japanese and non-Japanese historians have argued that Japan started aggression on China by annexing its tributary state and invading its territories. In this article, I contend that the Ryukyu–Taiwan policies in the early Meiji period grew out of Japanese concerns over national security and prestige in a Western-dominated international environment but had no intention to secure Japan's independence and to aggrandise its national prestige by encroaching on China's territorial sovereignty.
15
LEDBETTER, Nathan H. "Invented Histories: The Nihon Senshi of the Meiji Imperial Japanese Army." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 157–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.157-172.
Full textAbstract:
Nihon Senshi (Military History of Japan) was part of the new Imperial Japanese Army’s attempt to tie itself to examples from Japan’s “warring states” period, similar to scholars who created a feudal “medieval” time in the Japanese past to fit into Western historiography, and intellectuals who discovered a “traditional” spirit called bushidō as a counterpart for English chivalry. The interpretations of these campaigns, placing the “three unifiers” of the late sixteenth century as global leaders in the modernization of military tactics and technology, show the Imperial Japanese Army’s desire to be seen as a “modern” military through its invented “institutional” history.
16
Meshcheryakov, A. N. "The Meiji Revolution: 100 and 150 Years Later (Nikolai Konrad and the Paradoxes of His “Progress”)." Russian Japanology Review 5, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.55105/2658-6444-2022-2-85-94.
Full textAbstract:
Using the example of the article “The Centenary of the Japanese Revolution” (1968) by the outstanding Japanologist Nikolai Konrad, the author examines his understanding of the “Meiji Revolution”. Holding on, by and large, to the Marxist views on history, Nikolai Konrad turned out to be surprisingly close to “bourgeois” historians in understanding the Meiji Revolution. The “bourgeois” and Soviet historians (including Konrad himself), who were in conflict relations, consistently qualified the Meiji Revolution as a “progressive” (positive) event that introduced Japan to the “world” (i.e., Western and the only one possible) civilization. Marxist and “bourgeois” thinkers differed in their assessment of the future (whether or not communism was the highest stage of progress), but their view of the Japanese past showed amazing unanimity. The keenness on the theory of progress was so allembracing that Nikolai Konrad’s assessments of specific historical phenomena of the Tokugawa period demonstrate outright error and bias. None of the “advanced” European countries could boast of such a long-lasting social peace as that which we observe in the Tokugawa period, which, however, did not prevent Konrad (as well as other Western historians) from branding the Tokugawa rule as “reactionary” and “stagnant”.
17
Mehl, Margaret. "Japan's Early Twentieth-Century Violin Boom." Nineteenth-Century Music Review 7, no. 1 (June 2010): 23–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479409800001130.
Full textAbstract:
‘Invasion from the Orient’; ‘Young Violinists from Asia Gain Major Place on American Musical Scene’; ‘Suzuki's Pupils Learn Music First’: in the 1960s, headlines such as these drew attention to how successfully Asians had made Western art music their own; violinists from Japan were among the first. Observers have speculated on the reasons, but few know enough about Japanese history to realize that the phenomenon had its roots in developments during the Meiji period (1868–1912).
18
Momoki, Shiro. "INTRODUCTION TO “THE FORMATION OF A JAPANOCENTRIC WORLD ORDER”." International Journal of Asian Studies 2, no. 2 (June 30, 2005): 183–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591405000082.
Full textAbstract:
Traditionally, East Asians have tended to hold a strong national, or state-centric, view. In the modern university system established in the Meiji period in Japan, Japanese history was defined as National History, and strictly differentiated from Asian history, as National (i.e. Japanese) literature was differentiated from Chinese literature. Imperial Japan used the theory of expansionism to justify its hegemony in Asia, but that theory collapsed with the close of World War II. Political complications, furthermore, made it difficult for Japanese historians to have contacts with their fellow Asian scholars. Under these circumstances the tradition of National History was reinforced among the academic circle of Japanese historians. Predominant in this version of Japanese history was the image of early modern Japan as a self-contained, “mono-ethnic” state, in “sea-locked isolation”, and the Tokugawa bakufu's sakoku (national seclusion) policy was the symbol of that isolation. Internationally renowned studies on Japan's foreign relations by scholars such as Kobata Atsushi and Iwao Seiichi did not attract much attention in Japan.
19
Gundry, David. "Stage and Page in Early-Modern Japan." Journal of Asian Studies 74, no. 2 (May 2015): 437–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911815000078.
Full textAbstract:
Wondrous Brutal Fictions and Publishing the Stage will together expand and enrich the scholarly conversation on the theater of Tokugawa-period Japan and its interfaces with various genres of literature and the visual arts. The former volume consists of translations by R. Keller Kimbrough of seventeenth-century sekkyō and ko-jōruri (old jōruri) preceded by an informative and insightful introduction. It will be of great interest to scholars specializing in early-modern Japanese literature, history, and religion, and would lend itself to inclusion in reading lists for both undergraduate- and graduate-level courses. Publishing the Stage, edited by Kimbrough and Satoko Shimazaki, gathers together a wide-ranging assortment of papers on the symbiotic relationship between theater and publishing in Edo- and early Meiji-period Japan, all presented in March 2011 at an interdisciplinary conference held at the Center for Asian Studies of the University of Colorado, Boulder. Its eleven essays (seven written in English and four in Japanese) will be of use not only to scholars in the fields of Japanese literature and performance but also to historians and specialists in art history.
20
Surak, Kristin. "Rebecca Corbett. Cultivating Femininity: Women and Tea Culture in Edo and Meiji Japan; Taka Oshikiri. Gathering for Tea in Modern Japan: Class, Culture and Consumption in the Meiji Period." American Historical Review 124, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 1440–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/rhz060.
Full text
21
Huynh, Anh Phuong. "THE ROLE OF “DUY TAN TAM KIET” IN MEIJI RESTORATION." Science and Technology Development Journal 13, no. 1 (March 30, 2010): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdj.v13i1.2103.
Full textAbstract:
The Meiji Restoration stands as a turning-point in Japanese history. This significant turning point became the immediate point of departure for modernization and industrialization lasting from the end of the 19th century to the early 20th century in Japan. Due to this restoration, Japan began taking the first step towards becoming an independent, modern and powerful state in the Asian region. One of the most important factors which contributes to the Meiji’s restoration is the role of dominant political leaders, the most notable being the role of “Duy tan tam kiet”. “Duy tan tam kiet” is a popular label as “triumvirate” to designate three great men: Saigo Takamori, Okubo Toshimichi and Kido Takayoshi. They are considered the first group of leaders who guided the nation during the first years following the Restoration. These great men not only played an important role in overthrowing Bakufu Tokugawa government but also held dominant power in the first half of Meiji era. After throwing the Tokugawa government, they helped the emperor to carry out many effective policies which were essential contributions to the construction of the new state as well as to a period of rapid change. These pages are designed to provide a general overview of the role of “Duy tan tam kiet” in Meiji Restoration, especially their effective and decisive policies in the overall modernization process.
22
LUKMINAITĖ, Simona. "Women’s Education at Meiji Jogakkō and Martial Arts." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 173–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.173-188.
Full textAbstract:
The topic of bushidō in education has recently been explored by Gainty (2013), Benesch (2014), and several Japanese historians in Japan, such as Sōgawa (2017). However, martial arts and bushidō, as found in the education for women, remains a largely untreated issue, despite the great attention women and their physical education received in the discourses regarding the creation of a healthy modern nation that took place during and after the Meiji period (1868–1912). By looking at numerous primary sources, this paper, building upon Lukminaitė (2018), focuses on Meiji Jogakkō’s instruction of budō as a modern means of physical education (PE). It aims to provide new insights into how budō was perceived, treated in writing, and functionally put into practice.
23
Ariga, Chieko. "Dephallicizing Women in Ryūkyō shinshi: A Critique of Gender Ideology in Japanese Literature." Journal of Asian Studies 51, no. 3 (August 1992): 565–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2057950.
Full textAbstract:
In surveying the history of Japanese literature since the Meiji period (1868–1912), readers immediately recognize that Japanese literature has been approached most predominantly from the perspective of the question of the “modern.” Although specific subjects of focus have varied, the primary underlying question has been whether a literary work is “modern,” “premodern,” or “antimodern.” This approach has been so firmly embedded in the Japanese literary tradition that it has established itself as the most legitimate way to examine literature written after the Meiji period.The issue of the “modern” is related to the question of Japanese modernization; it is unquestionably important and deserves full critical attention in view of the geopolitical position of Japan in Asia, affected by Western hegemonic power over the past few centuries. However, because of this exclusive focus, other significant questions, including questions related to gender, have escaped critical attention.
24
Bouchy, Anne-Marie. "The Cult of Mount Atago and the Atago Confraternities." Journal of Asian Studies 46, no. 2 (May 1987): 255–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2056014.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractsMount Atago lies northwest of the ancient capital of Kyoto. Because of its long history and the cult that has been associated with it from early times, the mountain provides a typical example of Japanese religion. Like all sacred mountains in Japan, a cult of ancestors was originally attached to Mount Atago. During successive centuries this cult served as a base for other cults: of fire, the tengu, the Bodhisattva Jizō, and Shōgun Jizō. It also served as the base for a large popular cult with branches all over the country, which still exists. The complex structure of the popular cult contains a harmonious blend of elements of archaic religion, Shinto, and Buddhism. From early times until the Meiji period, its organization was directed by a group of the mountain ascetics known as yamabushi, who lived on the mountain itself. A sad consequence of the Meiji Restoration was the dispersion and disappearance of this group as well as most of the documents concerning Mount Atago. In an effort to reconstruct the history of the cult, the writer has consulted the few documents that still remain, which are found among local chronicles and classical texts. The study also discusses the religious and social characteristics of the Atago confraternities (kō), which are found in towns and villages even today, and their position in relation to the general phenomenon of confraternities in Japan.
25
Otabe, Tanishe. "Kakuzô Okakura and Another Enlightenment in Early Twentieth-Century Japan." Dialogue and Universalism 32, no. 1 (2022): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/du202232113.
Full textAbstract:
Western Enlightenment ideas had already been introduced to Edo-period Japan in the early nineteenth century. However, it was not until the Meiji Restoration in 1868 that the modern Japanese Enlightenment movement really took off, when Japan left the sinocentric sphere and adopted Western civilization as its frame of reference. In this paper, I focus on two contrasting thinkers: Yukichi Fukuzawa (1835–1901) and Kakuzô Okakura (pseudonym: Tenshin) (1863–1913). Fukuzawa, one of the leading thinkers of the Japanese Enlightenment, internalized the Eurocentric view of the history of civilization as a norm and made a significant contribution to the Westernization of Japan. In contrast, in the face of the oncoming modernization, or Westernization, Okakura sought on the one hand to revive the ideals of the East, which were in danger of being forgotten, and on the other hand, to relativize Western modernity itself. He thus reveals the possibility of another Enlightenment.
26
Jones, Meghen. "Gathering for Tea in Modern Japan: Class, Culture and Consumption in the Meiji Period by Taka Oshikiri." Monumenta Nipponica 76, no. 1 (2021): 198–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mni.2021.0011.
Full text
27
Shchepkin, Vasilii V. "Reforms by Peter the Great as a Model for Japan in the Writings of the Late Edo Period." Vestnik NSU. Series: History, Philology 20, no. 10 (December 20, 2021): 82–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2021-20-10-82-91.
Full textAbstract:
The first knowledge about Peter the Great seems to penetrate into Japan during the lifetime of this Russian emperor, as early as the beginning of the 18th century. However, it was only after first attempts of Siberian merchants to start trade relations with Japan’s northernmost domain of Matsumae when Japanese intellectuals began to study Russia and its history. By the end of the century, the image of Peter the Great as an outstanding ruler had formed in Japan, with his main achievement being the expansion of the country’s territory, after which European Russia suddenly shared a border with northern Japan. Katsuragawa Hoshu, a court physician and the author of one of the first descriptions of Russia, might be the first Japanese who implied Peter the Great’s activities as a model for Japan, pointing out his politics in spreading the foreign trade. Japanese intellectuals of the first half of the 19th century continued to use Peter the Great’s reforms as a possible model for Japan. Watanabe Kazan (1793–1841) in his “Note about the Situation in Foreign Countries” used the Russian emperor as evidence of a leader’s role in winning nature-based and geographical obstacles in a country’s development. Aizawa Seishisai (1782–1863) and later Sakuma Shozan (1811–1864) pointed out Peter’s leadership qualities and personal involvement in reforms. Based on the study of Peter’s activities, Aizawa managed to create the program of Japan’s reforming known as the “New thesis” (“Shinron”, 1825), while Sakuma promoted the necessity of Western learning, especially the development of navy and artillery. This allows to assume a great influence of the study of Peter the Great and Russian history in formulating the ideas of a “rich country and strong army” that became a cornerstone of national ideology in Meiji Japan.
28
ORBACH, Danny. "Pure Spirits: Imperial Japanese Justice and Right-Wing Terrorists, 1878–1936." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 129–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.129-156.
Full textAbstract:
Why was the legal system in 1930s Japan so friendly to right-wing offenders, even when they tried to assassinate leading statesmen and generals? The answer is intertwined with a cultural narrative defined here as “subjectivism”, that assigned vital importance to a criminal’s subjective state of mind when evaluating his or her transgressions. Though influenced by Western thought, this narrative was indigenous to Japan. It originated in the late Edo period, shortly prior to the establishment of the Meiji State in 1868, under specific historical circumstances and was later reinforced by the policy of the early Meiji State. Consequently, it pervaded education, politics and popular discourse alike, in the civilian sphere and even more so in the army. Until the early 1920s, this trend had a relatively modest influence on the Japanese justice system. It then began to gain traction in military courts dealing with political crimes of army personnel. From 1932 it influenced civilian courts as well, though civilian judges were relatively more reluctant to accept it than their military peers. After a peak in the mid-1930s, it again receded into the background, following the abortive coup d’état of February 26, 1936.
29
Oshima, Ken Tadashi. "Denenchōfu: Building the Garden City in Japan." Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians 55, no. 2 (June 1, 1996): 140–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/991116.
Full textAbstract:
This article attempts to identify the fundamental physical and ideological elements that shape Japanese urbanism. It examines the development of the suburb of Denenchōfu near Tokyo as an example of Ebenezer Howard's garden city idea and shows how it met the needs of a new social order during the period of modernization. Denenchōfu was planned and developed outside of Tokyo at the beginning of the twentieth century by a group, led by Meiji period developer Eiichi Shibusawa, that was inspired by Howard's urban planning ideas. Like most garden cities. Denenchōfu was transformed over time into a relatively conventional suburb. Nevertheless it became one of the most successful planned developments in Japan. Part of this success stems from its timely completion, which coincided with the huge population exodus from Tokyo following the Great Kanto Earthquake of 1923 as well as from its prime location on the rapidly developing suburban railway network. Drawing from Japanese sources, this analysis traces the planning process of the project. It also examines the role of design guidelines and continuities with premodern forms in shaping the overall urban plan and individual houses.
30
Hedberg, William C. "Chinese Fiction as a ‘Signal Bell of the Revolution’ and the Transregional Birth of an Author." East Asian Publishing and Society 9, no. 2 (October 29, 2019): 125–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22106286-12341333.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract This essay examines late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century interest in Shi Nai’an, the putative author of the traditional Chinese novel, The Water Margin. Despite the paucity of reliable evidence attesting to Shi Nai’an’s composition of The Water Margin, Japanese writers of the Meiji period were keenly interested in Shi on the basis of his alleged stature as a pioneering author of Oriental or East Asian (Tōyō) fiction. This characterization of Shi Nai’an was a byproduct of the recently established academic discipline of literary history in Japan, and the concomitant desire by Meiji-period historians to locate a literary text that could compete with Western works in terms of narrative and structural complexity. When late Qing-period Chinese authors became aware of Japanese writing on Shi Nai’an, they built on this budding biographical tradition by emphasizing Shi’s identification with an incipient Chinese nationalism, evidenced by his alleged resistance to the Mongol regime during the Yuan dynasty. The case study of Shi Nai’an thus illustrates the nexus between the construction of authorial personae and the pursuit of various ideological goals, as well as demonstrates the centrality of transregional literary contact in the formation of emergent concepts of authorship and canonization in modern East Asia.
31
Ruszel, Julian Brook. "The Fall of the Family-State and Rise of the Enterprise Society: Family as Ideology and Site of Conservative Power in Modern Japan." Arbutus Review 10, no. 1 (October 4, 2019): 21–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18357/tar101201918937.
Full textAbstract:
Recent literature on the history of family in Japan reveals that what is commonly understood as the “traditional” Japanese family—called the ie family—is largely a political construct that was institutionalized in Japan’s Meiji period (1868–1912). While the ie model was effectively removed from the US-imposed postwar constitution and replaced with the western nuclear family as the new ideal, this historical analysis reveals that the neo-Confucian principles and social structures of the ie model were reintegrated into Japan’s company work culture, to the degree that the ie continued to shape Japan’s collectivist social structures and identities well beyond the end of the war. This analysis highlights key ideologies employed by the ruling elite in modern Japan as a means of social control and nation building. It demonstrates a continuation of the historically close relationship between family and the state in postwar Japan that challenges deterministic notions of westernization applied to the Japanese context; it highlights articulations of family that complicate culturally bound conceptions that see it as inherently separate from the state, and clarifies the modern history of collectivist society in Japan.
32
Watanabe, Akihiko. "Apuleius in Meiji Japan: The Golden Ass as an Educational and Reformatory Novel." Ramus 38, no. 1 (2009): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0048671x00000679.
Full textAbstract:
This paper will consider the 1887 Japanese translation of Apuleius'Golden Assfrom the angle of classical reception. Although this was the first translation of Greco-Roman literature to appear in modern Japanese, it has, at least in print, never been examined by a classicist before. With the rising interest in the study of classical receptions, including those taking place outside the West, the time may be ripe for a serious look at this early Meiji translation by Morita Shiken—its content, source, intellectual climate surrounding its production, and its own subsequent reception in Japan.The ancient novel, as Whitmarsh observes, is a genre uniquely suited for reception studies, especially of the more usual kind that is concerned with the modern period. Although a late and ignoble genre within antiquity, despite its often considerable linguistic and literary artistry, it came to enjoy relatively wide cultural recognition and circulation in the early modern period, before being outshone by the modern Western novel and sinking back into relative obscurity again both in the public and in academia—and its literary character is still very much controversial, to the extent that it is debated whether the ancient genre may justifiably be called ‘novel’. The history of the reception of the novel therefore may show more intriguing twists and contradictions than that of such established and uncontroversially ‘great’ genres as epic or tragedy.
33
Garza, James. "Dominant Forms and Marginal Translations: Re-reading the Emergence of the Novel in Nineteenth-Century Japan." Comparative Critical Studies 17, no. 3 (October 2020): 413–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ccs.2020.0372.
Full textAbstract:
Franco Moretti has defined form as ‘the repeatable element of literature’. However, without a precise definition of the form(s) analysed in a given study, it is difficult to gauge what has been repeated. Moreover, no matter what guise we consider ‘form’ to take, the following objection remains: just because some element has been (or seems to have been) repeated, this does not mean that its function has been repeated too. In terms of Japanese literary history, perhaps no period better demonstrates this than the Meiji period (1868–1912). The main innovation of this paper is to adapt the text-linguistic notions of acceptability and intertextuality (see de Beaugrande and Dressler) to show that this period's ‘familiar history of rupture’ (cf. Zwicker) is indeed a valid framework for understanding the emergence of modern Japanese prose fiction. In this appeal to local context, I locate an alternative to the temptation to see, as Moretti does, an increasing amount of ‘sameness’ on the global literary stage.
34
Zhong, Heng, Yu Mei Cui, and Dan Mao. "East End of “Silk Road”—“Shoso-in” of Japan." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 420–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.420.
Full textAbstract:
“Shoso-in” is located behind the Hall of Great Buddha of Todaiji Temple in Nara city of Japan and it is known to the world with its storage of cultural relics of successive dynasties, most of which are valuables handed down from Japan’s royalty, nobility and Buddhist assembly in Nara and Heian periods of Japan. At that time, Japan's central government, princedoms, regional governments, including many large monasteries, had the establishment of “official warehouse”, which served as the main storehouse for storing rice expropriated by the state as well as silk, iron products and other property and the various storerooms were divided into different blocks to form “Shoso-in”. Today, only the Shoso-in of Todaiji Temple stands the test of the long history and others have disappeared. Since the 8th year of Meiji Period, Shoso-in broke away from Todaiji Temple and is under state administration and Japan government ordered to permanently conserve the “treasures” inside. Since then, Japan Shoso-in become an authentic independent “museum”. Shoso-in in Japan is greatly favored by the world, firstly because that it boasts a history of more than 1200 years and is blessed with a great variety of collections, most of which are donated by royalties; secondly because that since the 30th year of Showa when Shoso-in in Japan is relocated from old treasure-house to the newly-structured treasure-house, the cultural relics are better protected. According to the literatures, the collections conserved in Shoso-in almost stand intact and this is rare in the history of world conservation, facilitating the investigation and repair work of researchers.
35
van der Weiden, RMF, A. D’Orlando, and GC Uhlenbeck. "The continuing influence of William Smellie (1697–1763) in Japan during the early Meiji Period (1868–1880s)." Journal of Medical Biography 21, no. 3 (July 4, 2013): 193–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967772013480705.
Full text
36
Nikiforova, Nadezhda. "Hikifuda, or What Japanese Advertising Looked Like at the Turn of the 19th and 20th Centuries (Collection from the Russian State Art Library)." Oriental Courier, no. 1 (2022): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s268684310021383-9.
Full textAbstract:
Hikifuda are woodcut or lithograph prints that retailers and wholesalers, mercantile agencies, and other organizations in Japan of the Meiji era (1868–1912) used as advertising materials. The Meiji era was the period of great Japanese transformation from a medieval country into a modern power which was treated by European countries as equal. As a result, the new type of advertisement helped in spreading western ideas and lifestyles among the residents. Besides, the low price and mass production of the leaflets is another reason for their high popularity along with in whole Japan. The hikifuda handbills gave start to a new stage in the Japanese advertising industry and developed means of communication, connected Japanese traditional art with European modern trade tendencies. They have a great variety of subjects, which contain deep symbols and signs related to Japanese history and culture: traditional Japanese Ukiyo-e engravings: Women in kimono, children, the Seven Gods of Fortune Ebisu, Daikokuten, Benzaiten and others, dragons and mount Fuji and other various symbols. Besides traditional Japanese symbols, telephones, telegraph poles, mailboxes, European clothing stores, and even tobacco shops were depicted as signs of the influence of the Western lifestyle on the Japanese economy, politics, culture, and everyday life. The research is based on materials from the collection of the RSAL Iconography Department that hosts various samples of hikifuda advertising leaflets. Presumably, they were produced in the early 20th century by the Osaka printing workshop. Japanese advertising leaflets in the Russian State Art Library (RSAL) collection represent an interesting, but still poorly researched layer of urban art in Japan at the turn of the 19th—20th century.
37
Large, Stephen S. "Buddhism, Socialism, and Protest in Prewar Japan: The Career of Seno'o Girō." Modern Asian Studies 21, no. 1 (February 1987): 153–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00008015.
Full textAbstract:
The interplay of religion and political protest is a familiar theme in Western studies of Japanese Christians who contributed significantly to the socialist movement in their country from the late Meiji period to World War II. Less well known is the fact that a minority of Japanese Buddhists likewise applied the ideals of their faith to political dissent in the movement. Their defiance of the State and the predominantly conservative Buddhist sects which generally supported Emperor, nation, and Empire in Asia constitutes in effect a modern Japanese Buddhist tradition of protest comparable in kind if not in scale to that found in Japanese Christianity. The purpose of the article in hand is to explore this tradition through a study of the Nichiren priest and Buddhist socialist, Seno'o Girō (1889–1961) whose career provides a striking illustration of the Buddhist dimensions of socialism in prewar Japan.
38
Shigemori Bučar, Chikako. "The Oldest Japanese Picture Postcards in Today’s Slovenia." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.13.1.151-173.
Full textAbstract:
As a part of the research activities “East Asian Collections in Slovenia”, many old Japanese postcards have been identified in recent years. For the postcards archived in the National and University Library (NUK) in Ljubljana, no information was available in relation to their user or collector, when and from whom these postcards were acquired, etc. Out of 16 Japanese and Chinese postcards in the Library, seven have been actually used and sent with some messages from Japan or China to today’s Slovenia in the year 1899. During the research on other picture-postcards archived in today’s Slovenia, and in cooperation with specialists in Japanese Studies and the history of the modern era (end of the 19th and beginning of 20th centuries, the Meiji period in Japan) in the context of East Asian and Austro-Hungarian exchanges, it has gradually become clear who the user of the postcards was and in what setting. It was Jožef Obereigner, the second son of the caretaker of the Snežnik estate, who was an engineer and served in the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
39
Shigemori Bučar, Chikako. "The Oldest Japanese Picture Postcards in Today’s Slovenia." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 151–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.13.1.151-173.
Full textAbstract:
As a part of the research activities “East Asian Collections in Slovenia”, many old Japanese postcards have been identified in recent years. For the postcards archived in the National and University Library (NUK) in Ljubljana, no information was available in relation to their user or collector, when and from whom these postcards were acquired, etc. Out of 16 Japanese and Chinese postcards in the Library, seven have been actually used and sent with some messages from Japan or China to today’s Slovenia in the year 1899. During the research on other picture-postcards archived in today’s Slovenia, and in cooperation with specialists in Japanese Studies and the history of the modern era (end of the 19th and beginning of 20th centuries, the Meiji period in Japan) in the context of East Asian and Austro-Hungarian exchanges, it has gradually become clear who the user of the postcards was and in what setting. It was Jožef Obereigner, the second son of the caretaker of the Snežnik estate, who was an engineer and served in the Austro-Hungarian Navy.
40
Phillipps, Jeremy. "Living on Past Glories and Future Dreams The Effects of Depopulation on Early Modern Urban Development in the Former Castle Town of Kanazawa." European Journal of East Asian Studies 7, no. 2 (2008): 263–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156805808x372449.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractDepopulation of urban areas is a serious issue in twenty-first century Japan, as shown by the recent large-scale amalgamation of municipalities and programmes to combat declining central city areas. However, this is not the first time depopulation has had a significant effect on urban development: the decline in castle towns after the Meiji Restoration of 1868 had profound effects on both urban form and development concepts. Kanazawa, once one of the largest cities in Japan, suffered from an initial and long-lasting drop and then a more insidious decline as its Japan Sea coast location cut it off from the bulk of industrial and trade development. This article uses a two-fold approach to examine depopulation: first, an examination of the physical effects of depopulation based on statistical analysis of pre-war land registers shows the patterns of decline and regrowth throughout the modern period. Second, the impact of depopulation on the city's image of itself is examined through period documents such as council records and local newspapers. The need to regain status through population rank became an overarching goal of the urban leaders, and formed the basis of Kanazawa's reactions to the modern era and eventually towards imperialism.
41
Ma, Ye, Herman De Jong, and Yi Xu. "Measuring China’s performance in the world economy: A benchmark comparison between the economies of China and the UK in the early twentieth century." Revista de Historia Industrial Economía y Empresa 31, no. 85 (July 15, 2022): 11–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1344/rhiihr.38046.
Full textAbstract:
This study draws attention to China’s industrialisation before WWII and gives a new starting point to review early industrial development in history. This study provides the first estimates of purchasing power parity (PPP) converters for the early 1910s between China and the UK. Statistical indicators, comparative output and labour productivity, are then calculated to address queries regarding the relative level that China’s early manufacturing had reached at the end of the Qing Empire (1911) –after half a century’s attempt to catch up with the West since the 1860s. By comparing the new 1910s benchmark with that of the 1930s, this study also for the first time presents the development of China’s early manufacturing in the inter-war period. We find that the growth in the inter-war period narrowed the gap with the early industrialised economies; however, the improvement was not unique for pre-war China, especially compared with the pace of industrialisation in Meiji Japan. The new benchmark also helps to show the regional pattern of pre-war China’s industrial performance.
42
CULIBERG, Luka. "Guest Editor’s Foreword." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.5-12.
Full textAbstract:
The oscillation between fascination and derision directed toward bushidō in the last hundred or so years, both in Japan and abroad, is just one characteristic aspect of this ambiguous “samurai code of honour”. Ever since the notion of bushidō took the centre stage in the discourse on Japanese culture and national character in the Meiji period (1868–1912), various thinkers imbued the notion with the whole gamut of ideological interpretations, seeing in it everything from ultimate evidence of Japanese uniqueness on one end, to recognising in bushidō the symbol of Japanese civilized status by virtue of the universality of its ethical postulations on the other. Moreover, this vague and elusive idea of “samurai honour” continues to function as an empty shell for whatever ideological content wishes to occupy its place.
43
Kimura, Mitsuhiko. "Financial Aspects of Korea's Economic Growth under Japanese Rule." Modern Asian Studies 20, no. 4 (October 1986): 793–820. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00013731.
Full textAbstract:
Feeling strong pressure from Western Powers Japan abandoned her seclusion policy in 1854 and inaugurated serious efforts to modernize her society and economy after the Meiji Restoration in 1868. She, in turn, forced Korea who had been keeping the seclusion policy on her own to open the door in 1876. The feudal Korean government (the Yi Dynasty, 1392–1910) was impelled to embark on social and economic reforms by opening the door. Yet, after nearly thirty years’ struggle to make reforms and to secure the independence of the country, Korea was converted into a protectorate of Japan in 1905 and was officially annexed to her in 1910. The Japanese government recognized that the creation of modern monetary and banking systems in Korea was the precondition for trade expansion between the two countries (for Japan, rice imports on the one hand and textile exports on the other) and thus started its colonial rule over Korea by establishing a central bank, development banks and financial cooperatives. This paper aims at setting forth an analysis of a more or less unexplored field in the study of the economic history of Korea, that is, the financial aspects of her economic growth under Japanese rule. Particularly, emphasis will be placed on quantitative analysis of major financial variables represented by money, interest rates and bank credit. Before proceeding to the main subject, it may well serve to review some of the financial problems in the late Yi Dynasty period.
44
Ambros, Barbara R. "Tracing the Influence of Ming-Qing Buddhism in Early Modern Japan: Yunqi Zhuhong’s Tract on Refraining from Killing and on Releasing Life and Ritual Animal Releases." Religions 12, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 889. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rel12100889.
Full textAbstract:
This essay traces the Japanese reception of Zhuhong’s Tract on Refraining from Killing and on Releasing Life in the early modern period. Ritual animal releases have a long history in Japan beginning in the seventh century, approximately two centuries after such rituals arose in China. From the mid-eighth century, the releases became large-scale state rites conducted at Hachiman shrines, which have been most widely studied and documented. By contrast, a different strand of life releases that emerged in the Edo period owing to the influence of late Ming Buddhism has received comparatively little scholarly attention despite the significance for the period. Not only may the publication of a Sino–Japanese edition of Zhuhong’s Tract in 1661 have been an impetus for Shogun Tokugawa Tsunayoshi’s Laws of Compassion in the late-seventeenth century, but also approximately thirty Japanese Buddhist texts inspired by Zhuhong’s Tract appeared over the next two and a half centuries. As Zhuhong’s ethic of refraining from killing and releasing life was assimilated over the course of the Edo and into the Meiji period, life releases became primarily associated with generating merit for the posthumous repose of the ancestors although they were also said to have a variety of vital benefits for the devotees and their families, such as health, longevity, prosperity, and descendants.
45
Takano, Kazuko. "The position of teacher training in UK higher education - unification of higher education and "quality assurance"." Impact 2021, no. 4 (May 11, 2021): 13–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.21820/23987073.2021.4.13.
Full textAbstract:
Government officials and policymakers in Japan are interested in England's teacher training model but how did England arrive at its current teacher training programmes? Professor Kazuko Takano, Meiji University, Japan, is working to improve understanding in this area, which will assist officials from different countries when implementing similar policies. To do this she is shedding light on the history of teacher training in England, with a specific focus on the effects of reforms introduced by the Thatcher and Major governments. A key element of this work involves an exploration of teacher training in higher education during the Thatcher-Major educational reforms when the quality assurance system was being developed. Importantly, Takano is looking at both professional and academic aspects of teacher training. The Education Reform Act 1988 was introduced under the Thatcher government and the Further and Higher Education Act 1992 was brought in by the Major government. Teacher training courses were largely provided by polytechnics and higher education colleges, which were public sector institutions and after higher education was unified by the 1992 Act, polytechnics and higher education colleges meeting the standards of scale and quality were promoted to university status. With the introduction of further acts, it started to become clear that the administration of teacher training was positioned not in the higher education series but the primary and secondary education series. This was one of the milestones in the history of teacher training in the post-war period.
46
BIBIK, OLEKSANDRA. "TRANSFORMATION OF THE JAPANESE MEMORY POLITIC IN THE II HALF OF XX-XXI CENTURIES IN THE CONTEXTS OF PAN-ASIAN AMBITIONS." Skhid, no. 1(2) (July 1, 2021): 27–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21847/1728-9343.2021.1(2).236141.
Full textAbstract:
The article is devoted to the analyses of the role of Pan-Asianism in the formation of the Japanese policy of memory in the period after World War II. Since the Meiji period, Japan has had a dual relationship with Asia: on the one hand, as a region of high spirituality and culture, on the other, as a region lagging behind the West or Europe in terms of economic, political and technological development. In the 1950s, when Japan was experiencing a period of economic crisis caused by the defeat of the war, the occupation regime, and the formation of military memory, we see a trend of Japanese intellectuals classifying Japan as "Asia". If during World War I Pan-Asian ideology was used to correct imperial ideology and colonialism, modern Pan-Asian concepts tend to create a union of Southeast Asian countries for support and mutual development. The further development of these sentiments depends on the implementation of existing ASEAN projects and the specifics of the adopted political and economic strategies of the Asian Commonwealth.
The articles provide the first comprehensive analysis of the constitutional documents, editions and speeches of Japanese politicians, which show the transformations of Japanese memory politic. The main terms of development of this policy, which consist in patient orientation and gradual formation of new Asianism, are separated. Discussions around Yasukuni-jinja and Japanese history textbooks as examples of these trends in Japanese politics are analyzed.
Provided that Japan's pacifist position is enshrined in the constitution, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. As part of Japan's policy of remembrance, Pan-Asianism fosters an ambivalent attitude toward Japanese expansion in Asia. Subject to Japan's official admission of guilt to neighbouring countries, condemnation of expansionism and colonialism, and the transition to pacifism, there are conservative and nationalist views on the Japanese war in Asia. Within the conservative position, Japanese guilt is questioned and the need to recognize the heroic participants in the war is proclaimed, the "Great East Asian War" is interpreted as a war of self-defence, or the correctness and truth of Pan-Asian ideals of Taisho and Showa Japan are recognized.
47
Golosova, E. V. "OVERVIEW OF THE HISTORICAL STAGES OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF JAPANESE GARDEN CULTURE (Part 1 - from Yayoi to Edo)." LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE IN THE GLOBALIZATION ERA, no. 1 (2022): 16–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.37770/2712-7656-2022-1-16-40.
Full textAbstract:
This review article shows the history of the development of Japanese national garden culture from ancient times to the Meiji Revolution. This is a time span of more than 2,300 years. The development of Japanese horticulture is considered from the point of view of its inextricable connection with political events within the country and the accompanying economic situation. The Japanese garden, as a historical and cultural phenomenon and one of the most popular trends in landscape art, has been stirring the minds of researchers in various fields of knowledge on all continents for more than 150 years. Gardens only at first glance were intended for pleasure and pleasant pastime, at the same time they carried the deepest philosophical meaning, forced the mind to work, deciphering the ancient treatises of the sages, trained the imagination. The data on the formation and development of horticultural techniques in each of the historical periods of Japan are given.
48
SHIRAISHI, Masaki. "Bushidō as a Hybrid: Hybridity and Transculturation in the Bushido Discourse." Asian Studies 6, no. 2 (June 29, 2018): 51–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/as.2018.6.2.51-70.
Full textAbstract:
This paper examines the discourse on bushido in the late Meiji period. My aim is to shed light on bushido’s hybridity by using the concept of transculturation. Transculturation conceptualizes encounters between different cultures as a process of mutual construction. The bushido theorists that are discussed in this paper are in some sense transculturators, struggling between Japan and the West, the particular and the universal, and tradition and modernity. One of the common theoretical strategies for solving this problem attempted to valorize bushido and was mostly dependent on establishing equivalence with similar traditions in Western culture, such as chivalry or gentlemanship. Nitobe’s famous book on bushido went beyond this type of strategy. He not only accounted for things in Japanese cultural tradition by using Western logic, but also reinterpreted Western concepts in light of Japanese cultural traditions. This makes Nitobe a more perfect example of a transculturator than others. The ultra-nationalist discourse on bushido by Inoue Tetsujiro shows another curious aspect of bushido’s hybridity. Bushido became at once purified and hybridized through the distinction he made between superficial formality and the essential spirit. Thus, the discursive strategies of bushido theorists are closely related to bushido’s hybridity.
49
Gómez Alférez, Juan Sebastián. "Japan’s foreign policy: from imperial power to regional leader?" Revista Digital Mundo Asia Pacífico 8, no. 15 (December 9, 2019): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/map.v8.i15.04.
Full textAbstract:
The present essay seeks to explore Japanese foreign policy and its trans- formations throughout time. Particular emphasis is placed on two historical moments: the emergence of Japan as an imperial power, beginning with the Meiji Restoration, and contemporary Japan. The choice of these two instances is an attempt to define an arc of development in Japanese history, in order to understand Japan’s role in Asia and how it has both determined and been determined by international dynamics. By presenting information in chrono- logical order, the essay tries to establish a connection between past and pres- ent, and asks whether a “Japanese style of influence” can be deduced from both periods. The essay finds that Japan’s place in the region has changed from a more assertive and leading one, albeit more violent, to one character- ized by the indirect balancing of power. While dealing with radically different contexts, the essay finds that Japan’s influence strategies, whether historical or contemporary, have had similar intended effects in terms of the develop- ment of other countries. In this sense, by showing a broad and brief picture of Japan’s past and present that is traversed by a single theme, the essay con- tributes to the understanding of Japan’s current position, its historical roots, and the common factors that might continue in the future.
50
Chang, Winifred. "China and Japan in the Late Meiji Period: China Policy and the Japanese Discourse on National Identity, 1895–1904. By Urs Matthias Zachmann. London: Routledge, 2009. x, 238 pp. $150.00 (cloth)." Journal of Asian Studies 70, no. 1 (February 2011): 251–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021911810003463.
Full text