Academic literature on the topic 'Jacques Views on translating and interpreting'

Nazi Concentration Camp Vocabulary in Oral Interpreting in the Auschwitz-Birkenau State Museum in the Opinion of Interpreters and Spanish-Speaking Visitors The article presents some of the results obtained as part of multi-stage research project that was carried out in 2018-2020. Its purpose was to collect information on interpreting performed for visitors at the Auschwitz- Birkenau State Museum. The article discusses the difficulty of translating the camp vocabulary when performing the above-mentioned interpreting. Thirty interpreters shared their views on the oral translation as well as 96 visitors, for whom the information during the tour was provided by a Spanish speaking interpreter.

Abstract Travelling implies the encounter and, in certain cases, the clash of cultures. By interpreting translation as a means of transfer between languages and cultures, the present study looks into the different views on translating culture-specific realia. Through a close analysis of texts with the purpose of informing foreign tourists it offers ways of how to carry out this mediation. The study calls for further research into closely related issues, such as the translator’s cultural awareness of and sensitivity to similarity and difference, identity and alterity in culture.

The article discusses the interaction between reading and translating, in the case of the first unabridged translation of Moby-Dick into French by Jean Giono, Lucien Jacques and Joan Smith, published by Gallimard in 1941. After a brief survey of the status of that translation—an important cultural landmark in France—the paper examines what the paratext (Giono’s diary, notes and letters) and the typescripts reveal about a seemingly paradoxical situation: Giono’s keen reading of Moby-Dick on the one hand and the simplification and clarification strategies adopted in the translation on the other hand. A selection of stylistic analyses illustrates both the choices made by the translators and the part played by each participant in the project. It appears that Giono did not necessarily misread Moby-Dick, underestimating its scope and significance. Instead, after reading the novel, he grew indifferent to its translation and concentrated his energy on his own writing in which he re-invested his reading experience. As to the other co-translators, Joan Smith provided a word-for-word translation of the text that made no attempt at interpreting the text, while Lucien Jacques strove to re-write Smith’s literal first draft, in spite of his difficult position as a non-reader (albeit an enthusiastic one) of Moby-Dick.

Standard procedures for processing and interpreting data in personality assessment run the risk of losing their audience. Most notably, relative scaling of data, whether through interindividual or intra‐individual comparison, leads to losing either the persons or the variables from view. I set out an alternative, more congenial procedure for handling personality data, consisting of (i) translating assessments to a bipolar bounded scale running from − 1 to + 1, (ii) adopting the uncorrected average cross‐product (ACP) as the index of association or correspondence between variables and between individuals, and (iii) applying raw‐scores principal component analysis to find factors and types. The ACP index appears eminently fit for handling individual (N = 1) cases. Adoption of the congenial procedure would imply a substantive correction of one's views of individual differences in personality and their structure. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

The purpose of this study is to suggest some effective ways of training interpreters and to share the experience of Tashkent state university of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navoi with the same purpose of interpreter training. More specifically, it deals with theoretical views of different scholars about simultaneous interpreting to understand what actions the process of simultaneous interpreting involves and what skills a person is required to have in order to carry out this task. Training simultaneous interpreting is very complicated and complex task because it involves a great number of objectives to be realized. The concern of our investigation is the methods of teaching interpreting, the ways to make interpreter training i more effective and efficient. The reason why we undertook this research is that even though a lot have been done in this field of study by many scholars of the world, the problems specific to training interpreters in such language pair as Uzbek- English has still remained untouched. The article shares experiences of university staff about linguistic competency of interpreters, their aptitude to work in stressful settings, deep and well-structured background knowledge, ability to anticipate the words to be used in phrases, and their ability to apply various techniques that help them in interpreting task as their career. After the establishment of Tashkent state University of Uzbek Language and Literature named after Alisher Navai in 2016, professor Sh.S. Sirojiddinov, its rector, and specialists interpreters training took the course towards developing special programs targeting at holding the conference for training interpreters becoming qualified in translating from Uzbek into English and vice versa. The President of Uzbekistan Sh. Mirziyoyev considered this program as one of the priority tasks demanded for the administration and staff of university administrators and staff. The decision was motivated by the shortage of highly qualified interpreters who can interpret from Uzbek into English and from English into Uzbek during international conferences and forums.

<p>The objective of this essay is to examine and discuss the effect of recent technological developments on ethical position of translator. The associations between technology and the process of translation is a section of the greater discussion regarding the impacts that technology has on language. Presently, the career of interpreting and translating and its different branches, for example localization, are alleged to be under amplified threat from technological developments and practices such as crowdsourcing (Baker &amp; Maier, 2011). The importance currently assigned to the effects of recent technology on the ethical position of the translator emanates from the fact that there are currently several emergent translation technologies, for example, collaborative translation management systems, translation memories and data-based machine translation, which transform the social links, professional views and thought patterns of the translator (Pym, 2001). In addition to examining the relationship between technology and translation, this essay will also assess the ethical questions posed by technology for translators. At the end of the essay are a conclusive summary of the entire discussion and an alphabetical list of the references cited herein.</p>

It is clear that, due to the age of the manuscripts of the Abba Gärima Gospels and the condition in which they are preserved, some leaves of one Gospelmanuscript have been inadvertently rebound with another Gospel manuscript. My presentation follows Garima I and Garima II, as titled, which have been graciously sent to me for this conference. For my personal study of the notes, I was fortunate to have access to copies made three times, first by D.M. Davies, then by Jacques Mercier, and now by HMML, the Museum and Library to which I am affiliated. Unfortunately, there are letters and words that might be lost forever unless there is a technology that can retrieve them.Also, a few people and many places will remain unidentified, at least for now, as it is not clear if two words which come following one another are names of one place or of two. As one will see, the method I followed is this: (1) editing the texts, (2) translating them into English, and (3) offering my views under ‘Commentary’. The Index helps when questioning if words that look alike are names of the same place or of different places. Conti Rossini’s edition of Liber Axumae (1909) and the study of its ‘Land Charters’ by Huntingford (1965) have been helpful.These notes are what one might call Land Charters; none of them is a colophon.

Abstract This article explores Yehuda Amichai’s reflection on the meaning of language and demonstrates how his early poetry navigates between different views on the concept of ‘mother tongue.’ Building on Jacques Derrida’s seminal essay Monolingualism of the Other, it proposes a new hermeneutic frame for interpreting Amichai’s early poetry – particularly the poems collected in Shirim 1948–1962 – through the prism of monolingualism. In order to examine Amichai’s version of Derridean monolingualism, the article offers close readings of his paradigmatic poems, such as “Be-yalduti” (“When I Was a child”) and “Va-hagirat horai lo nirg‘eah bi” (“And the Migration of My Parents Has Not Subsided in Me”), that address, both directly and indirectly, the question of language. Furthermore, this article traces the influence of the experience of immigration on the development of Amichai’s poetic thinking on language. The various lyrical manifestations of this experience, such as a mediation on the meaning of the language of the mother, or the possibility to write with an accent, reveal Amichai’s growing ethical understanding of language as something that belongs to the other. Thus, I argue that Amichai’s unique monolingualism should be understood as a poetic site of negotiation between owning and dispossessing a language.

The article substantiates the need to return to collective representations as optics for understanding collective memory, which will allow the bringing of the foundations under the concept of collective memory, and expand the theoretical and methodological base of research. As the first step, the author distinguishes between E. Durkheim’s “collective representations” and M. Halbwax’s interpretation of “collective memory”. Justifying the heuristic potential of the category “collective representations” for understanding collective memory, the author shows that the origins of this idea were connected with Durkheim’s acquaintance with the school of V. Wundt: 1) the idea of collective representations is connected with the views of the German psychologist; and 2) the development of the method of sociology bears traces of Wundt’s positivism. Furthermore, the author’s concerns are the ways of preserving and translating collective representations, showing the possibilities of substantiating commemorative practices as performative acts and the need to abandon reflection as a source of collective memory research. In conclusion, the author proves that the return to the idea of collective representations as a basis for understanding collective memory allows us to move away from the metaphorical concept, as well as to reconsider the ways of researching and interpreting the politics of memory, the relationship between individual and collective memory, the study of the place of the image of specific events in collective memory, and the place of psychological explanations.

Background In Cambodia, the importance of valuing women’s childbirth experiences in improving quality of care has been understudied. This is largely because of absence of reliable Khmer tools for measuring women’s intrapartum care experiences. Generally, cross-cultural development of those tools often involves translation from a source language into a target language. Yet, few earlier studies considered Cambodian cultural context. Thus, we developed the Cambodian version of the Person-Centered Maternity Care (PCMC) scale, by culturally adapting its original to Cambodian context for ensuring cultural equivalence and content validity. Methods Three rounds of cognitive interviewing with 20 early postpartum women were conducted at two governmental health facilities in Cambodia. Cognitive interviewing was composed of structured questionnaire pretesting and qualitative probing. The issues identified in the process of transcribing and translating audio-recorded cognitive interviews were iteratively discussed among study team members, and further analyzed. Results A total of 14 issues related to cultural adaptations were identified in the 31 translated questions for the Cambodian version of the PCMC scale. Our study identified three key findings: (i) discrepancies between the WHO recommendations on intrapartum care and Cambodian field realities; (ii) discrepancies in recognition on PCMC between national experts and local women; and (iii) challenges in correctly collecting and interpreting less-educated women’s views on intrapartum care. Conclusion Not only women’s verbal data but also their non-verbal data and cultural contexts should be comprehensively counted, when reflecting Cambodian women’s intrapartum practice realities in the translated version. This is the first study that attempted to develop the tool for measuring Cambodian women’s experiences during childbirth, by addressing cross-cultural issues.

Orientador: Viviane Veras
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Estudos da Linguagem
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Resumo: Minha tese pretende considerar a experiência da tradução de La Vérité en peinture (Jacques Derrida, 1978), em seus vários aspectos, e reconhecer, na singularidade desse ato tradutório, algumas das questões e pressupostos que percorrerem o pensamento ocidental: a oposição fora/dentro; a possibilidade/impossibilidade do encontro com o outro; o mito da origem e a restituição como apropriação. A metáfora biológica da autoimunidade, utilizada por Jacques Derrida em seus últimos textos (e articulada, por ele, à religião, à ciência e à democracia), é o ponto de partida para essa reflexão: nosso corpo possui um sistema imunológico que evita que algo de "fora" - que o estranho ou o estrangeiro (um vírus ou bactéria, por exemplo) -, uma vez "dentro" dos limites do corpo, o destrua. No entanto, em algumas ocasiões, entra em funcionamento outro sistema, autoimunológico, que ataca ou enfraquece esse mesmo sistema imunológico, permitindo que o de "fora" invada os limites do "dentro". Mas essa invasão não é sempre ou não é somente uma ameaça, um perigo. É também o que permite, por exemplo, a aceitação de um enxerto ou de um órgão retirado de outra pessoa. Permite que algo de "fora" salve o paciente. Possibilita, portanto, uma sobrevida. Sobrevida do corpo e, utilizando o conceito de autoimunidade de forma mais ampla, sobrevida da democracia, da ciência (a mudança de paradigma) ou do texto original (o comentário, a interpretação, a tradução). Procuro articular os quatros capítulos de A verdade em pintura com os quatro capítulos da tese: no primeiro, para reconhecer a complexa relação entre original e tradução a partir da lógica do parergon, considerando que a tradução trabalha sempre com o que está dentro das fronteiras do original; no segundo, para refletir sobre o ponto limite, a experiência daquilo que permanece irredutivelmente idiomático, mas que, mesmo assim, deve se entregar a uma decisão de tradução; no terceiro, para avaliar a posição do original como paradigma, suspeitando da possibilidade de uma origem absoluta ou modelo primeiro; no quarto e último capítulo, para examinar a questão do par e o desejo da tradutora de restituir "a verdade do original", levando em conta a afirmação de Derrida: "toda restituição constitui uma apropriação"
Abstract: My thesis takes into consideration the experience of translating La vérité en peinture (Jacques Derrida, 1978) in its various aspects, and in the singularity of this translation process recognises some of the questions and presuppositions which pervade Western thought: the outside/inside oppositions; the possibility/impossibility of an encounter with the fellow man; the myths of origin and restitution as appropriation. The biological metaphor of autoimmunity used by Jacques Derrida in his last texts (and blended by him, with religion, science and democracy) is the starting point for this reflection: our body has an immunologic system that is prevented from destruction by something from "outside" - something alien or foreign such as, for example, a virus or a bacterium - which may get "inside" the limits of the body. Nevertheless, on some occasions, another system - an autoimmunologic one - is activated, and it attacks or weakens this very immunologic system, allowing the "outside" to invade the limits of the "inside". Not always, or not only, though, is this invasion a threat, a danger. This is also what allows, for example, the acceptance of a grafting or an organ taken from another person. It allows something from the "outside" to save the patient. Therefore, it enables a survival - survival of the body - and, by using the concept of autoimmunity in a wider sense, survival of democracy, of science (a change in the paradigm) or of the original text (the commentary, the interpretation, the translation). I try to link the four chapters of A verdade em pintura with the four chapters of my thesis: in the first chapter, the aim is to recognise the complex relation between the original and the translation from the logical perspective of the parergon, considering that translation always deals with what is inside the frontiers of the original; in the second chapter, I reflect on the borderline, on the experience of that which remains irreducibly idiomatic, but even so should surrender to a translation decision; in the third chapter, my goal is to assess the place of the original as a paradigm, suspecting the possibility of an absolute origin or primary model; in the fourth and last chapter, I examine the original/translation dyad and the translator's wish to restitute the "truth of the original", bearing in mind Derrida's statement that "every restitution is an appropriation"
Doutorado
Teoria, Pratica e Ensino da Tradução
Doutor em Linguística Aplicada

This master's thesis comprises an English translation of Jacques Sternberg's "Si loin du monde ..." preceded by an introduction that addresses the translator's general theoretical approach to translation as well as an explanation and justification of specific choices made for this translation in particular. "Si loin du monde ..." is a short work of science fiction by Belgian author Jacques Sternberg that appeared in the collection Entre deux mondes incertains, published in 1957. It takes the form of a first-person narrative told from the perspective of an extra-terrestrial, who has been sent on a mission to study humanity and its environment and furtively make preparation for the arrival of his people on Earth. The section on theory sets out to find whether there exist absolute norms exterior to the subjectivity of the translator that regulate the act of translation. Three potential normative centers are proposed: text, author, and reader. The starting point when appraising text is the sourcier/cibliste dichotomy and the objection préjudicielle presented in Georges Mounin's Les belles infidèles. The objection préjudicielle is the claim that translation is theoretically impossible. The conclusion reached is that the text does not establish absolute norms of correspondence between the target text and the source text because there is no absolute meaning inherent in the text. When examining the author as a potential source of the norms of translation, Roland Barthe"s "La mort de l'auteur" is used to show that, since the meaning of a text is not ultimately determined by the author, neither can he be an absolute regulator of correspondence in translation. Finally, the reader is found to be a relative (not absolute) regulator of the norms of translation. This regulating role and the nature of its demands on the translator is explored through an application of the author/reader dialectic found in Sartre's Qu'est-ce que la littérature? It is concluded that there do not exist any absolute norms of translation exterior to the translator, and that the translator creates an aesthetic unity in the target text through adherence to norms that are ultimately founded in his own subjectivity.

What are the difficulties involved in transferring a work of literature from one language to another, and what contributions might an analysis of the translation of a literary work make to the field of translation studies? These questions are explored in this thesis through the exploration of translation theories in general, and the analysis of one particular case with consideration of the theoretical implications it presents. The case study involves the comparison of the novel Gouverneurs de la rosee, written in 1944 by Haitian author Jacques Roumain, with Masters of the Dew, the translation by Mercer Cook and Langston Hughes which was published in 194 7. This novel and its translation were chosen because of the additional layer of complexities presented by the original text's portrayal of the Haitian culture and the attempt by the translator to render it accessible to the target audience, which was America in the 1940's. As an introduction, the importance and the complexities of translation are highlighted: an examination of the possibilities and shortcomings of . machine translation provides ample evidence of both. Chapter II outlines a brief history of the practice known as translation including its origins and evolution, as well as an overview of some of the controversy surrounding translation theory. In Chapter III the lives and works of the author and translator, Jacques Roumain and Langston Hughes, are presented in order to show that, in spite of their significantly different cultures and upbringings, the two men developed similar political and social views. This gave each an especially keen understanding of the beauty and importance of the other's work, and thus a similar theoretical standpoint. It is shown that, for these reasons, Langston Hughes was exceptionally well qualified to translate the extraordinary work of Jacques Roumain. Jacques Roumain's Gouverneurs de la rosee is a principal work of Haitian literature in that - in words and spirit - it embodies the Haitian experience. For this reason, it provides an especially interesting subject for the study of translation. In order to better appreciate the scope of the task undertaken by Hughes and Cook, an overview of the origins and features of Gouverneurs de la rosee is presented in Chapter IV: the plot, images and messages of the novel are outlined, and the techniques used by Roumain to create its distinctly Haitian "flavor" are highlighted. The social significance of the work is considered, an appreciation of which is essential to accurately assess the success of its translation. Chapters V and VI examine the similarities and dissimilarities between Roumain's novel and Hughes' and Cook's translation. In Chapter V, the emphasis is on the form and structure of the texts (i.e. narrative style, syntax, foreign words, etc.), whereas in Chapter VI, the focus is on poetic language (i.e. metaphors, alliterations, and rhythms). In both chapters, the effects of the choices made by the translators are analyzed. Finally, conclusions are drawn regarding the lessons to be learned from this case in particular which might be applied to the art of translation in general.

This thesis discusses the explication of the implicit side of language, from the perspective of the self, the social, and the text, as situated in the wider context of thinking about language 'beyond post-modernism.' Language is first discussed as an intricacy, an intricate and changing complex of explicit signs and implicit elements and processes. It is shown that the implicit processes, such the speaking of being (Heidegger), focusing (Gendlin), and the interrelatedness of language and culture (Agar), are ruptured by processes like deconstruction (Derrida) and the semiotic breach of the symbolic (Kristeva). Explication brings a part of the implicit to the surface in the form of creativity (Deleuze) and critique, which is also discussed in the examples of play (Gadamer) and care. The transformations involved are illustrated in reflections on writing (Plato), poetry (Trakl), life as immigrant, and on translation as a philosophical practice.