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Higgins, Andrew S. "The genesis of J.R.R. Tolkein's mythology." Thesis, Cardiff Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10369/7528.
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This thesis critically examines the earliest creative work of J.R.R. Tolkien, from which the first version of his mythology would emerge, as one coherent whole, rather than a series of individual creative acts. It argues that all aspects of Tolkien's creativity worked in a dialectic way to bring to life an invented secondary world the complexity of which fantasy literature had not seen before. In examining Tolkien's early creative process this study also offers an alternative profile and assessment of J.R.R. Tolkien, in contradistinction to the popular image of him as the elderly Oxford don, by critically reading him as a young man, student, budding philologist, soldier and World War One survivor. The scope of this thesis is a holistic examination of Tolkien's earliest creative output comprising poetry, prose, language invention and visual works and includes analysis of several of Tolkien’s early creative works which remain either unpublished or under-analysed. The study uses several contextual frameworks to offer an in-depth analysis of Tolkien’s early imaginative language invention, a neglected area in Tolkien studies, in spite of being at the core of Tolkien’s creative process. This thesis, therefore, is critically responding to a gap in Tolkien and fantasy literature scholarship, and offers new insights on the earliest writing phases of one of the most influential fantasy authors of the 20th century. The introductory chapter presents an overview of Tolkien criticism and defines the scope and range of the thesis. Chapter two examines how myth-making and language invention came together in Tolkien’s earliest works and argues that these two key elements become inextricably intertwined in the first full expression of Tolkien’s early mythology, The Book of Lost Tales. Chapter three explores the underlying religious underpinnings of Tolkien's mythology and his early attempt to employ overt Roman Catholic words and ideas into his emerging secondary world. This chapter goes on to demonstrate how Tolkien combined Roman Catholic ideas with elements of both pagan mythology and Victorian spiritualism into the fabric of his secondary world. Chapter four focuses on the role of visual expression in Tolkien's early mythology by reading two major groups of documents from this period: published drawings and paintings in which Tolkien expressed his early mythic ideas; and a group of visually oriented ‘para-textual’ elements, such as maps, charts and samples of Tolkien’s invented writing systems. These visual representations are explored as ‘trans-medial’ components which, along with layered narratives and language invention, make up the fabric of Tolkien’s invented secondary world. The last chapter of this thesis explores several ways Tolkien experimented with in order to link his growing body of mythology to the primary world. It examines Tolkien’s first ‘framework’ of transmission which relied on dreams, and dream vision, to attempt this link. The second half of this chapter explores how Tolkien developed a parallel narrative transmission ‘framework’ through the re-imagining and re-purposing of Germanic myth and legend. The thesis also includes a series of appendices: a chronology outlining Tolkien’s creative works from this time; a list of the books he borrowed from the Exeter College Library as an undergraduate; a detailed list of examples of Tolkien's early language invention from the time; and a transcript of a report on the literary talk Tolkien gave at Exeter College on the Anglo-Catholic poet Francis Thompson.
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Fawcett, Christina. "J.R.R. Tolkien and the morality of monstrosity." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2014. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/4993/.
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This thesis asserts that J.R.R. Tolkien recreates Beowulf for the twentieth century. His 1936 lecture, ‘Beowulf: The Monsters and the Critics’ sets the tone not only for twentieth century criticism of the text, but also Tolkien’s own fictional project: creating an imagined world in which ‘new Scripture and old tradition touched and ignited’ (‘B: M&C’ 26). At the core of his analysis of Beowulf, and at the core of his own Middle-earth, are the monsters. He creates creatures that are an ignition of past and present, forming characters that defy allegory and simple moral categorization. To demonstrate the necessity of reading Tolkien’s Middle-earth through the lens of his 1936 lecture, I begin by examining the broad literary source material that Tolkien draws into his creative process. I assert that an understanding of the formation of monstrosity, from classical, Augustinian, late medieval, Renaissance, Restoration and Gothic sources, is fundamental to seeing the complexity, and thus the didactic element, of Tolkien’s monsters. As a medieval scholar and professor, Tolkien’s focus on the educational potential of a text appears in his critical work and is enacted in his fiction. Tolkien takes on a mode of writing categorized as Wisdom Literature: he writes a series of texts that demonstrate the imperative lesson that ‘swa sceal man don’ (so shall man do) found in Beowulf. Tolkien’s fiction takes up this challenge, demonstrating for the reader what a hero must do when faced with the moral and physical challenge of the monster. Monsters are a primarily didactic tool, demonstrating vice and providing challenges for the hero to overcome. Monsters are at the core of Tolkien’s critical reading; it must be at the core of ours.
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Dollard, Emma Louise. "J.R.R. Tolkien's the lord of the rings and appropriation." Thesis, University of Liverpool, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.501582.
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This thesis rejects conventional critical work on appropriation, using The Lord of the Rings to illustrate a theory of appropriation as being an integral part of the creative process. Current researchers, exemplified by Sanders, argue that appropriation is characterised by a political agenda, and intention. The thesis argues that appropriation can be both deliberate and unconscious and demonstrates the difficulty of distinguishing between these states. Chapter one connects modem fantasy to imperial ideology by identifying the links between Tolkien and empire adventure writers. Tolkien's appropriations of northern European myths and medieval literatures have been extensively investigated; the few studies of his appropriation of more contemporary texts focus on The Hobbit.
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Campbell, Liam. "The Ecological Augury in the Works of J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of Ulster, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.520814.
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Armstrong, Darren Philip. "The religious aspects of the works of J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, Durham University, 1994. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1044/.
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This thesis maintains that no comprehensive assessment of the work of J. R. R. Tolkien can be made without giving due weight to him as a religious writer, in the senses that : (a) he maintained an esthetic that is intrinsically Christian, believing that certain kinds of fantasy can bring new insights of the fallen world; (b) that writing, or sub-creating, was for him an essentially religious activity, participating in the myth of Creation; (c) his major fantasy texts contain subtle, often subliminal allusions to the Judaeo-Christian scriptures, although stripped of any dogmatic content; and (d) his major texts assume a cultural authority, through an allusive use of imagery and imitation of scriptural syntax to operate as a quasiscripture. I also consider Tolkien's treatment of major theological issues and assess how well suited the format of fantasy fiction is for the exploration of such themes.
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Gorelick, Adam D. "The Enchanter's Spell: J.R.R. Tolkien's Mythopoetic Response to Modernism." FIU Digital Commons, 2013. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1022.
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J.R.R. Tolkien was not only an author of fantasy but also a philologist who theorized about myth. Theorists have employed various methods of analyzing myth, and this thesis integrates several analyses, including Tolkien’s. I address the roles of doctrine, ritual, cross-cultural patterns, mythic expressions in literature, the literary effect of myth, evolution of language and consciousness, and individual invention over inheritance and diffusion. Beyond Tolkien’s English and Catholic background, I argue for eclectic influence on Tolkien, including resonance with Buddhism.
Tolkien views mythopoeia, literary mythmaking, in terms of sub-creation, human invention in the image of God as creator. Key mythopoetic tools include eucatastrophe, the happy ending’s sudden turn to poignant joy, and enchantment, the realization of imagined wonder, which is epitomized by the character of Tom Bombadil and contrasted with modernist techno-magic seeking to alter and dominate the world. I conclude by interpreting Tolkien’s mythmaking as a form of mysticism.
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Dudley, Cynthia. "Christian heroism in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61875.
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Brown, Fuller Molly. "The uncanny and the postcolonial in J.R.R. Tolkien's middle-earth." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2013. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/828.
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Concluding on this note, the thesis argues that reading The Lord of the Rings in this way renders postcolonial concepts accessible to a whole generation of readers already familiar with the series, and points to the possibility of examining other contemporary texts, or even further analysis of Tolkien's to reveal more postcolonial sensitivities engendered in the texts.; This thesis examines J.R.R. Tolkien's texts The Hobbit, The Fellowship of the Ring, The Two Towers, and The Return of the King from a postcolonial literary perspective. By examining how these texts, written at the decline of the British Empire, engage with the theoretical polemics of imperialism, this thesis takes a new look at these popular and widely regarded books from a stance of serious academic interest. The first chapter examines how certain characters, who are Othered temporally in the realm of Middle-earth, manage to find a place of narrative centrality from the defamiliarized view of Merry, Pippin, Samwise, and Frodo, uncannily reoccurring throughout the narrative in increasingly disturbing manifestations. From there, the thesis moves on to uncanny places, examining in detail Mirkwood, Moria, Dunharrow, and the Shire at the end of The Return of the King. Each of these locations in Middle-earth helps Tolkien to explore the relationship between colonizer, colonized, and fetishism; the colonizer(s) disavow their own fears of these places by fetishizing the pathways they colonize for their safe passage. Since their paths are unsustainable colonially, these fetishes cannot fulfill their function, as the places are marked with unavoidable reminders of wildness and uncontrollability which cannot successfully be repressed for long. Ending this chapter with a discussion of the hobbit's return to the Shire, the argument moves into the next chapter that discusses the small-scale colonization that takes place in the heart of Frodo himself, making the Shire he used to know firmly unavailable to him. The Ring, in this case, is the colonizer, doubling, fracturing, and displacing Frodo's selfhood so that he becomes unfamiliar to himself. The uncanniness that this produces and Frodo's inability to heal from his experience with the Ring, this thesis argues, echoes the postcolonial themes of irreconcilability and the fantasy of origin.B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
English
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Ronda, Erica. "Traduzione dell'epilogo de "Il Signore degli anelli" di J.R.R. Tolkien." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2014. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/7140/.
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Il presente elaborato consiste nell’analisi e traduzione dall’inglese all’italiano dell’epilogo de “Il Signore degli Anelli”, romanzo scritto da John Ronald Reuel Tolkien, pubblicato prima dalla Rusconi, nel 1970, e successivamente dalla Bompiani nel 2000.
L’epilogo qui tradotto appartiene al volume n.9 della serie The History of Middle-earth,contenenti appunti e contenuti inediti, pubblicati quasi esclusivamente in lingua inglese.
Si tratta di un testo particolarmente stimolante dal punto di vista traduttivo sia per gli aspetti linguistici che presenta, sia per la resa della traduzione in italiano, generalmente molto complessa, ricercata ed enfatizzata.
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Rocco, Lorenzo. "La Compagnia dell'Anello di J.R.R. Tolkien: analisi contrastiva di due traduzioni." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21322/.
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In this thesis I am going to analyse two different translations of The Fellowship of the Ring by J.R.R. Tolkien: the one by Vittoria Alliata and the newer one by Ottavio Fatica. My analysis is divided into different categories: names of characters, names of places, additional interesting names, and the Poem of the Ring. I will examine each translation according to how faithful it is in relation to the instructions Tolkien gave in his Guide to the Names in The Lord of the Rings, as well as explaining the origins of the words and providing the reasons that could be behind the choice of some translations over others, also discussing the translation techniques utilized by the translators. In some cases, if both choices appear weird or not faithful enough to the original, I will try to suggest other possible translations, trying to translate as literally as possible, while maintaining the original meaning of the terms. At the time of writing, only the first book of the trilogy, The Fellowship of the Ring has been published, so I am going to discuss only the names found in the book and the ones already confirmed to be in the next two, which will be published in the following months.
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Fimi, Dimitra. "Creative uses of scholarly knowledge in the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2005. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55586/.
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This thesis is an interdisciplinary study of Tolkien's writing, seeking to place his work within the framework of the historical period within which it was created. The thesis concentrates on four areas of Tolkien's expertise and experience and explores how their historical development informed the creation of Tolkien's legendarium. The Introductory Chapter presents an overview of Tolkien criticism and defines the scope and range of the thesis. Chapter 2 concentrates on the question of the centrality of the Elves in the Middle- earth mythos and explores how the evolution of their image corresponds to the development of the science of folklore. Chapter 3 examines the influence of contemporary anthropology on Tolkien's ideas and how the decline of racial anthropology left its mark in the conception of the different creatures that inhabit Middle-earth. Chapter 4 is a new, detailed analysis of Tolkien's 'invented languages' as an integral part of his fiction. The chapter looks at the principles of Tolkien's language invention, contextualises the creation of his imaginary languages within a long philosophical and literary tradition (that of the search for the perfect language) and explores the role of philology and the - then emerging - science of modern linguistics in the construction of the languages of Middle-earth. This chapter is complemented by an Addendum on the Writing Systems of Middle-earth. Chapter 5 takes the previously almost entirely neglected topic of Tolkien's awareness of contemporary archaeology and its role in his work. The chapter focuses on the depiction of material culture in Middle- earth, mainly through examining the human 'cultures' of Tolkien's invented world, but also treating such issues as the anachronistic material culture of the hobbits, and the creation of Middle-earth landscapes. The Epilogue recapitulates the main conclusions of the thesis and further examines the interplay of biography and literature in Tolkien's case, by using the concept of 'biographical legend'.
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Jakobsson, Hilda. "Queera hobbitar : Samkönat begär i J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Centrum för genusstudier, 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-78519.
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Syftet med denna uppsats är att fokusera de queera ögonblicken i J.R.R. Tolkiens trilogi The Lord of the Rings för att visa att det queera finns i kulturen på samma sätt som det icke-queera. När är de två hobbitarna Frodos och Sams relation queer? Vad gör den queer? Hur kan vi förstå denna queerhet i termer av homosocialitet och homoerotik? Uppsatsen är inspirerad av Tiina Rosenbergs queera läsningar, jag använder mig dessutom av Adrienne Richs teori om "lesbisk kontinuitet" och Sedgwicks resonemang om manligt homosocialt begär. Jag har kommit fram till att Frodos och Sams relation rör sig mellan mer och mindre queerhet. Då den inte är statisk kan den inte förstås som renodlat homosocial eller homoerotisk. Däremot kan den ses som en del av en manlig samkönad kontinuitet, vilken inkluderar allt ifrån homosocialitet till homoerotik.
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Hopkins-Utter, Shane. ""An echo of an echo" : J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth as elegiac romance." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=79947.
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Tolkien's aesthetic enjoyment of distance and antiquity in literature, his interest in the power of imagination, and his use of medieval romances and ancient fairy-tales as a means of rediscovering an enchanted vision of the world are analogous to the literary endeavours of the Romantics. Like them, he perceives that the real world is inherently different from how he imagines an ideal world. This thesis discovers that Tolkien's writings correspond in numerous ways to the modern form of elegiac romance, most notably because of their positive portrayals of mortality, and their depictions of intense yearning. The moral imperative to accept death, exemplified by the heroic ethos of Old English literature, clarifies why the effect of historicity is often noted in Tolkien's fictions: time is mimetic rather than mythological. Tolkien demonstrates that Fantasy is capable of reflecting the most sombre issues of the real world, particularly the inevitability of death.
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Bragina, Jekaterina. "A cognitive stylistic analysis of J.R.R. Tolkien's fantasy world of Middle-earth." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2012. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/3873/.
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This study provides an extensive cognitive stylistic analysis of one of the most intricate and vast high fantasy worlds created in modern literature – J. R. R. Tolkien’s Middle-earth. The two most popular works that describe this single world are The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. The analysis of these texts is conducted using modern cognitive stylistic and linguistic theories (Text World Theory, Schema Theory, Possible Worlds Theory and Cognitive Metaphor Theory), as well as tools from narratology (point of view and focalisation) and discourse stylistics (phraseology and reference studies). The study explores how Tolkien’s skilful stylistic usage of language enables the readers to construct a vast and detailed alternative world in their minds, making use of the combination of general knowledge and the information provided by the texts. In order to investigate and describe from a cognitive perspective some possible ways in which readers construct the fantasy world of Middle-earth, the following specific questions are addressed: 1) How does cognitive research explain how readers go beyond the words on the page to set up rich mental representations of alternative worlds? 2) How do narrative and linguistic features such as focalisation, metaphor, phraseology and reference contribute to the representation of locations, situations and characters? 3) What particular functions are performed by these linguistic features in terms of fantasy world-building? After the introduction (chapter one), the six subsequent chapters are divided into three parts analysing the texts from three different perspectives. Part I (containing chapter two) deals with the narratological aspect, analysing narrative (non-dialogue) text in terms of character focalisations, narratorial omniscience and the narrator’s identity. In part II (containing chapters three and four) world theories are used to analyse the texts. In chapter three, Text World Theory and Schema Theory are applied to The Hobbit, examining the construction of the initial text-world in the first chapter of the story, the ways the world’s inhabitants are introduced into the world, as well as the construction of the intermediate world linking the fantasy world with the empirical one. In chapter four, Possible Worlds Theory is applied to both texts, analysing the world of Middle-earth in terms of its truth-value, its distance from the empirical world as perceived by the reader and its saturation with lifelike details. Part III (chapters five, six and seven) deals with specific stylistic devices that serve as world-building tools in both texts. Chapter five draws on Cognitive Metaphor Theory to analyse personified nature, which accounts for the philosophical aspect of the world of Middle-earth. Chapter six is devoted to the analysis of stylistic modifications of idiomatic expressions (phraseological units), which are influenced by the high fantasy genre of the texts. In chapter seven, the stylistic device of underspecification (the use of indefinite referential expressions) is analysed, exposing its paradoxical expanding effect on the fantasy world. In the concluding chapter (chapter eight), the findings of the analyses are consolidated into a set of world-building functions that are performed by the linguistic features analysed.
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Upshaw, Quincey Vierling. "Structural Polarities In J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." [Tampa, Fla] : University of South Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0003017.
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Nogueira, Filho Carlos Alberto. "DIMENSÕES DO FANTÁSTICO E AVENTURAS DA TRADUÇÃO EM THE LORD OF THE RINGS, DE J.R.R. TOLKIEN." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2013. http://localhost:8080/tede/handle/tede/3188.
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Previous issue date: 2013-11-07The British writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien was, for 34 years, professor at Oxford University. Likewise as he conducted his classes with his favorite subjects, his writings are marked by features that satisfy his personal taste, providing excitement and pleasure. His most successful work The Lord of the Rings has sparked discussions for more than half a century, and in large part, about his linguistic grounds. The present work aims to study the dimensions of the fantastic and fantasy quoted in this book, as well as the activity of translation into Brazilian Portuguese by Artenova publishing in 1974 and by Martins Fontes publishing, in 1994. The work of Tzvetan Todorov, Brian Attebery and Richard Mathews are used as the theoretical framework for the study of fantasy. And for studies of translation are used the deconstruction, proposed by Jacques Derrida, the residual linked to the translation, by Lawrence Venuti and the notion of singularity proposed by Maria Paula Frota. This dissertation is divided into three chapters, with the first two discussed issues related to the narrative and the limits of the fantastic and fantasy, and the third will focus on the translation of the book The Lord of the Rings and some nuances of the translation process.
O escritor britânico John Ronald Reuel Tolkien foi, durante 34 anos, professor na Universidade de Oxford. Da mesma forma com que orientava suas aulas para assuntos de sua predileção, sua produção literária é marcada por aspectos que satisfaziam seu gosto pessoal, proporcionando emoção e prazer. Sua obra de maior sucesso The Lord of the Rings tem suscitado discussões há mais de meio século, em grande parte, acerca de sua fundamentação linguística. O presente trabalho pretende estudar as dimensões do fantástico e da fantasia presentes na obra citada, assim como a atividade tradutória para o português do Brasil nas publicações das décadas de 60 e 70 pela editora Artenova e na década de 90 pela editora Martins Fontes. Utilizamos como fundamentação teórica para o estudo da fantasia, o trabalho de Tzvetan Todorov, Brian Attebery e Richard Mathews e para os estudos da tradução a desconstrução proposta por Jacques Derrida, o resíduo relacionado à tradução por Lawrence Venuti e a singularidade proposta por Maria Paula Frota. Este trabalho está divido em três capítulos, sendo que nos dois primeiros serão discutidos assuntos relacionados à narrativa e os limites do fantástico e da fantasia, e o terceiro, versará sobre a tradução da obra The Lord of the Rings e algumas nuances do processo tradutório.
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Carreiro, Marcos Vinícius Nunes. "The Silmarillion e o desenvolvimento de uma nova mitologia no século XX." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2017. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/7917.
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J.R.R. Tolkien began writing his stories in the early twentieth century, with the intention of creating a mythology to his country, England. It is for this purpose that he builds an extensive set of tales, of which The Silmarillion is the reunion of his main narratives, whereas they narrate the beginning of a world known mainly for being the scene of the events of The Lord of the Rings. Thus the objective of this work is to show if Tolkien was even able to create a mythology, and try to point out how he did it and what influenced him in that trajectory, using, for this, not only critics of the work of the author, such as Tom Shippey and Amanda Dutton, but also theorists whose works are recognized in the analysis of myths, such as Eleazar Meletínski and Joseph Campbell.
J.R.R. Tolkien começou a escrever suas histórias no início do século XX, com a intenção de criar uma mitologia que servisse de a seu país, a Inglaterra. É com esse objetivo que ele constrói, ao longo de toda a sua vida, um extenso conjunto de relatos, sendo The Silmarillion a reunião de suas principais narrativas, visto que narram o início de um mundo conhecido principalmente por ser palco dos acontecimentos de The Lord of the Rings. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho é mostrar se Tolkien, sendo autor do século XX, foi mesmo capaz de criar uma mitologia, ao passo em que http://lattes.cnpq.br/6194240116275620 http://lattes.cnpq.br/1028003493670371 tenta apontar como o fez e o que o influenciou nessa trajetória, utilizando, para isso, não apenas críticos da obra do autor, como Tom Shippey e Amanda Dutton, mas também teóricos cujos trabalhos são reconhecidos na análise de mitos, como Eleazar Meletínski e Joseph Campbell.
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Wood, Anthony. "Melancholia, mourning and the quest for renewal in the legendarium of J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of Essex, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.605576.
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This thesis analyses the creative theory and practice of J.R.R. Tolkien (1892-1973). In my Introduction, I situate Tolkien's fantastic legendarium within the historical climate of loss pervading the first half of the twentieth century. Using the theories of Sigmund Freud, I argue that personal experiences of such climate and actual losses are manifested in Tolkien's fiction, both as a compensatory mechanism and as a mythopoelic activity. In Chapter One, 1 determine how the psychological dynamics of mourning and melancholia are represented in the themes of fall, exile and mortality that connect the narratives of the chronotopic ages of Tolkien's mythology. In Chapter Two, I evaluate Tolkien as a philologist, and the influence of Gothic and Old English on linguistic structure in The Silmarillion (1977). I constellate his "secret vice" of language invention with the theories of modernist poet Stephane Mallarme. I furthermore determine how these factors influence the symbolic representation of culture in Middle-earth by linguistic means, exploring how words in Tolkien's invented languages evolve from literal signifiers into reservoirs of melancholia. In Chapter Three, I indicate how lost cathexis is regained in The Lord a/the Rings (1954•5) not only through the mechanism of the paternal bond, but also through the creation of ecologically-aware narratives expressing "vistas of history and legend" comparable to the function of dinnseanchas (place-lore) in Irish mythology. In Chapter Four, 1 contend that Tolkien's creative agency stems from deployment of radical nostalgia, and is utilised in such a way as to facilitate mourning and negotiate the collective trauma of apocalyptic "immanence" in the twentieth century. I conclude that this psychological process facilitates a response of renewal in Tolkien's readership
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Cheung, Ka-yee, and 張家怡. "A stylistic approach to J.R.R. Tolkien's: Thehobbit and The lord of the rings." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B38628612.
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Spadaro, Enrico. "La littérature-monde de J.R.R. Tolkien : pertinence, discours et modernité d'une oeuvre originale." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0282.
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Ce travail de thèse se focalise sur l'écrivain anglais John Ronald Reuel Tolkien et sur son oeuvre littéraire. Celle-ci est composée de plusieurs écrits et surtout des romans The Hobbit (1936) et The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955). L'intention que Tolkien avait au début de sa carrière littéraire était la création d'une mythologie pour son pays, l'Angleterre. Cette profonde ambition primaire s'unit à sa passion de jeunesse pour les langages imaginaires et à sa profession de philologue et d’enseignant d ’anglo-saxon à l’université d’Oxford. La Terre du Milieu, le monde que Tolkien dessine pour sa mythologie, devient alors le lieu où ses contes, qu'il définira de contes de fées, se déroulent et où ses langages peuvent se développer. Nous allons démontrer dans ce travail, qui est formé de trois parties, la pertinence de l’oeuvre de Tolkien dans le contexte de la littérature contemporaine et le fait que sa production littéraire implique plusieurs éléments qui relient mythologie, philologie, fantaisie et modernité. Nous nous concentrons sur certains aspects thématiques de la littérature européenne qui ont inspiré la création mythologique par Tolkien. La deuxième partie du travail encadre le point de vue linguistique au sein de l’oeuvre de Tolkien. Finalement, la troisième partie a la fonction de résumer les aspects précédents et d'analyser la théorisation des contes de fées par Tolkien, tout comme il la développe dans son célèbre essai "On Fairy-Stories", pour conclure avec la réception critique que notre auteur a reçue dans le monde moderne et contemporain, et qui lui a aussi permis d’être l’un des auteurs les plus lus et influents du XXe siècleThis thesis focuses on the English writer John Ronald Reuel Tolkien (1892-1973), the famous author of The Lord of the Rings. Tolkien’s literary work gathers many writings, stories and two famous novels, such as The Hobbit (1936) and The Lord of the Rings (1954-1955), that achieved a great succes all over the world. At the beginning of his literary career Tolkien aimed at the creation of a mythology to his country, England. This ambition was matched with his juvenile passion of inventing languages and his profession as a philologist and Anglo-Saxon teacher at Oxford University. Middle-earth, Tolkien’s secondary world, becomes the place where his fairy tales occurs and his languages may develop. This work shows how Tolkien’s work fits in the context of contemporary literature and that his production involves many elements collecting mythology, philology, fantasy and modernity.It consists of three parts: in the first part, some of the themes and the mythological sources of Tolkien’s tales are analyzed, in particular the Finnish sources, the Medieval and poetic ones. Thesecond part, the linguistic matters concerning Tolkien's work are taken into consideration and, in particular, the way how languages may create a world and the relation between reality and the perception of such reality, which will inevitably influence the language referred to it.Finally, in the third part, the Fairy element, which is one of the bases of Tolkien’s work is discussed, as well as the reception of our author, both from the critique point of view and the audience one, so as to demonstrate why he may be considered as one of the greatest writers of the twentieth century
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Elfwing, Jacob. "Från ragnarök till ainulindalë : En komparativ studie av Eddan och J.R.R. Tolkiens The Silmarillion." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-64910.
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Jacob Elfwing: Från ragnarök till ainulindalë: En komparativ studie av Eddan och J.R.R. Tolkiens The Silmarillion (2017). Självständigt arbete. Svenska Va, 15 högskolepoäng. Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap. Uppsatsen analyserar J.R.R. Tolkiens roman The Silmarillion (1977) i förhållande till Eddan. Syftet med analysen är att se hur den nordiska mytologin återkommer i Tolkiens verk och vad detta kan tänkas få för betydelse för romanen. En komparativ metod används i form av parallell läsning av Tolkiens roman och Eddan. Analysen visar att The Silmarillion på olika plan har likheter med Eddan. I vissa fall rör det sig om uppenbara influenser medan andra likheter är mer allmänna och inte med säkerhet kan påstås komma från Eddan. Däremot kan man knappast säga att Eddan haft någon mer djupgående inverkan på The Silmarillion som helhet. Avslutningsvis behandlas studiens didaktiska potential inom gymnasieskolan.
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Berg, Daniel. "The Sins of Boromir : Representations of Sin in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för utbildning, kultur och kommunikation, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-38817.
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In this essay, Ralph C. Wood's religious-philosophical interpretation of LotR has been analyzed, with emphasis upon his conclusions about evil and sin in LotR. Some of Wood's claims about evil and sin in LotR have been applied upon the character Boromir, in order to show how sin is manifested as truth-transgression, pride, avarice, and misdirected love. A theoretical section is presented in order to define the concepts of sin, mimetic desire, and evil. The literary analysis focuses upon the character Boromir; the relevant works of literary scholas Ralph C. Wood and René Girard have been chosen as points of reference in this analysis. Attention is also given to an article by the historian Stephen Morillo, in the analysis of Norse pagan and Christian interpretations. It has been argued that a Christian reading of LotR, contrary to Morillo's standpoint, is possible.
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Karlsson, Hanna. "Breaking the Gender Norms : Bilbo as the Feminine Hero in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Hobbit." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-66760.
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This essay demonstrates how Bilbo, the main protagonist of J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit, is a feminine hero despite being male. The study builds on concepts of traditional gender norms which show men as strong, intelligent beings and overall superior to the weak and emotional women. Also included in the study is Carl Jung’s anima archetype (the hypothesized feminine side of the man) as well as conventional hero-types, comparing Bilbo to three other heroes of Tolkien’s creation (Aragorn, Frodo and Beorn) in order to categorize Bilbo and show what kind of a hero he is. The essay shows that Bilbo, based on his actions and personality, and in accordance with the traditional gender norms, classifies as a feminine hero.Denna uppsats demonstrerar hur Bilbo, huvudkaraktären i J.R.R. Tolkiens The Hobbit, är en feminin hjälte trots att han är manlig. Studien bygger på koncept av traditionella könsnormer som visar män som starka, intelligenta varelser och allmänt överlägsna de svaga och emotionella kvinnorna. Också inkluderat i studien är Carl Jungs anima-arketyp (den hypotetiserade feminina sidan av mannen) såväl som konventionella hjälte-typer och jämför Bilbo med tre andra hjältar som Tolkien skapat (Aragorn, Frodo och Beorn) för att kunna kategorisera Bilbo och visa vad för slags hjälte han är. Uppsatsen visar att Bilbo, baserat på hans handlingar och personlighet, och i överensstämmelse med de traditionella könsnormerna, klassificeras som en feminin hjälte.
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Cheung, Ka-yee. "A stylistic approach to J.R.R. Tolkien's The hobbit and The lord of the rings /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2004. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/HKUTO/record/B38628612.
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Skublics, Heather A. L. E. "Naming and vocation in the novels of J.R.R. Tolkien, Patricia Kennealy and Anne McCaffrey." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=68137.
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"Naming and Vocation in the Novels of J. R. R. Tolkien, Patricia Kennealy and Anne McCaffrey" discovers in recent works of fantasy and science fiction a pattern of authority which is rooted in the existence of namers and characters who are called to specific tasks. Each of these authors portrays individuals who are called to their own particular and unique roles by other figures whose knowledge of them is deeper than their own. The Biblical account of Samuel's life provides a paradigm for both namer and named that is informative in recognising this pattern in each of the works studied. The virtues essential to living out the call of a namer are faith and obedience; and personal fulfilment as well as heroic feats can only be achieved if those virtues are cultivated.
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Hiley, Margaret Barbara. "Aspects of modernism in the works of C.S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkien and Charles Williams." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1814/.
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In recent years, the works of the Oxford Inklings C. S. Lewis, J.R.R. Tolkein, and Charles Williams have increasingly found academic acknowledgment. However, no real attempt has yet been made to evaluate their writings in terms of the literature of the twentieth century. The present thesis aims to remedy this omission by reading the works of the Inklings against those of their modernist contemporaries. Both modernist works and those of the Inklings are heavily influenced by the experience of the World Wars. The present study examines in particular how the topic of war is employed in modernism and the Inklings’ fantasy as a structuring agent, and how their works seek to contain war within the written work in an endeavour that is ultimately doomed to failure in the face of war’s reality. History plays a highly important role for both modernists and Inklings. Their works attempt to construct a coherent and authoritative (nationalist) history, while at the same time paradoxically acknowledging the impossibility of doing so. The works examined employ various forms of intertextuality to create authenticity and authority, and make extensive use of myth – which, according to Barthes, transforms an arbitrary history into self-evident (and thus authoritative) nature (cf. Roland Barthes, Mythologies. London: Vintage, 1992). Finally, it is the question of language that lies at the heart of the modernists’ and the Inklings’ projects. Both show a high degree of self-awareness and self-reflexivity, openly thematising that their respective worlds are constructed of words. They are also concerned with the perceived crisis of language, and with the necessity of discarding outworn traditions coupled with the difficulty of creating new ones.
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Painter, Jeremy Lee. "Inventing history : the rhetoric of history in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/48955.
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As a scholar, Tolkien spent a great deal of time working from manuscripts. Likewise, as a storyteller, in The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien creates a narrative persona who bases his story on his compilation and translation of ancient manuscripts. This persona operates within his story’s narrative frame as an analogue for Tolkien’s own work with manuscripts. Readers have long sought for Tolkien’s sources. The mythologies of medieval Northern Europe have been especially beneficial in helping us understand the influences on Tolkien. No study, however, currently exists that pursues the “manuscript sources” used by Tolkien’s narrative persona. But a reading that attempts to pursue these sources may also prove beneficial. Just as Tolkien inserts himself, in the form of his narrative persona, into the framework of Middle-earth, so also is the reader invited to read The Lord of the Rings from within this same framework. Tolkien wanted to his story to be read from inside Middle-earth as an artifact of history.
This study will propose that—by simulating the kinds of phenomena around which a modern compiler of medieval manuscripts and stories has to work: fragmented manuscripts, lacunae, dittography, palimpsests, and variable texts—Tolkien has successfully distressed his story in such a way that it has gained the atmosphere of an ageing legend. The argument of this thesis is that Tolkien’s imitation of classical and medieval manuscript realities is even ambitious enough to suggest that Tolkien’s narrative persona has culled his story from the manuscripts of at least three major literary traditions, each of which is distinct in its interests, concerns, iconographies, historiographies, and themes. In addition to revealing where and how Tolkien has distressed his narrative, this study will also seek to identify what portions of the narrative belong to which of the three major traditions and tease out the implications of the interactions between them.Thesis (DLitt)--University of Pretoria, 2015.
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Brémont, Aurélie. "Les Celtes en Terre-du-Milieu : inspirations celtiques dans les œuvres de J.R.R Tolkien." Paris 4, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA040151.
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Plus de cinquante ans après la publication de son chef d’œuvre Le Seigneur des Anneaux, Tolkien est un auteur qui fascine toujours, bien au-delà de l’engouement passager qu’on pourrait attribuer à un auteur de littérature fantastique. L’intérêt des chercheurs n’est pas moindre que celui des lecteurs et l’univers fictif que Tolkien a créé, et que l’on découvre notamment dans les volumes de The History of Middle-earth, recèle encore bien des secrets. Parmi ceux-ci se trouve l’importance de la culture celtique. Longtemps délaissée au profit des Anglo-Saxons dont Tolkien avait fait sa spécialité, cette dernière commence à faire valoir ses droits avec des auteurs comme Marjorie Burns ou Verlyn Flieger et cette recherche s’y consacre entièrement. Le premier axe d’exploration fait coïncider la mythologie irlandaise et la mythologie tolkienienne pour préciser la parenté entre les Tûatha Dé Dânann et les Elfes. En s’appuyant sur les théories de Dumézil appliquées aux Celtes par Leroux et Guyonvarc’h, tous les aspects de la civilisation celtique (organisation sociale et militaire, principes religions et activités magiques) sont étudiés d’après les textes mythologiques et mis en parallèle avec les récits de la Terre du Milieu. La partie centrale s’intéresse quant à elle à la littérature médiévale, qu’elle soit poésie irlandaise et bretonne ou légende arthurienne. On a ainsi l’occasion de découvrir certains textes moins connus de Tolkien et de résoudre l’épineuse question de la place du roi Arthur dans les sources du Seigneur des Anneaux. Enfin, la dernière partie de cet ouvrage étudie les influences de style et de narration de la littérature dite celtique dans l’écriture de Tolkien, puis les conséquences de la parenté galloise d’un des langages elfiques dans la composition des contes de la Terre du Milieu. Un prologue et un épilogue encadrent cette recherche en replaçant les influences celtiques dans la problématique plus générale du projet de Tolkien de créer une mythologie pour son paysThough fifty years have passed since the publication of The Lord of the Rings, Tolkien is still an object of fascination, way beyond what could be expected from a fantasy writer. The interest is as high in the scholarly world as it is in the reading world and the universe Tolkien created, which is now fully laid out in The History of Middle-earth, is still full of secrets. Among those is the question of the importance of Celtic influences. Long cast aside because of the predominance of the Saxon ancestry of which Tolkien was a specialist, this culture starts to be acknowledged as important with such scholars as Marjorie Burns or Verlyn Flieger, and it is the object of this thesis. The first track of exploration puts together the Irish mythology and that of Tolkien to underline the connection between the Tuatha De Danann and the Elves. On the basis of Dumezil’s theories as they have been applied to Celtic culture by Leroux and Guyonvarc’h, every aspect of the Celtic civilisation (social, military, religious, magical) is laid out from the texts and compared to the tales of Middle earth. The central part of the research deals with medieval literature, be it Irish and Breton poetry or Arthurian legends. It gives the opportunity to discover some of Tolkien’s less famous texts and to answer the delicate problem of the place of Arthur and his world in the inspirations of The Lord of the Rings. Finally, the last two chapters presented here focus on the style and narration that are typical of Celtic literature to see if they can be found under Tolkien’s pen, and on the consequences of the Welsh lineage for Sindarin in the portraying and legends of the Sindarin people. A prologue and an epilogue frame this thesis by placing Celtic influences in the larger question of the invention of a mythology for England, which was Tolkien’s attempt
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Oxnam, Danielle Marie. "A Storied Friendship: A Look into the Lives of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/579329.
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This paper focuses on the monumental friendship between two iconic writers of the twentieth century, C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien. Meeting early during their careers as Oxford professors in the 1920s, the two men soon became close through their shared love of literature, language, and Christianity. Over the course of their 35-year friendship they enjoyed many powerful, enigmatic discussions and encouraged one another to pursue writing in their own ways. Out of this camaraderie The Lord of the Rings and The Chronicles of Narnia, two iconic series of the modern age, were born. In these novels lives the powerful spirit and complex intrigue of both Lewis and Tolkien. Their complex imaginations, love of mythology, and above all fascination with the Christian narrative contributed to the success of their novels and are responsible for their continued relevance today. Without the support of the other, neither man seems likely to have completed their famous works on their own or to have developed such a strong and profound Christian faith. This paper seeks to explore the meaningful friendship that so shaped the personal lives and careers of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien.
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Fahlén, Alexander. "Racial Issues in Middle-Earth : A Postcolonial Perspective on J.R.R Tolkien’s Lord of the Rings." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-39844.
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This essay focuses on J.R.R Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings, how the different races in the text are portrayed and how they interact with each other. The essay uses postcolonial theories, mainly “Orientalism” and “Otherness”, to prove traces of racism in the text. It focuses on the text and what can be found in the characters opinions of each other. The aim of this essay is to prove that in The Lord of the Rings there is an underlying story of racial issues between the different races of Middle-Earth and that these issues can be described as racism. The colonial themes of the text can mostly be found in the geographical descriptions, the colour of skin and the stereotypical descriptions of different races within the text. The stereotypical descriptions are probably sprung from the fact that J.R.R Tolkien grew up towards the end of the big Imperialist era of 19th century Europe and the similarities and descriptions of foreign cultures existing in the real world can be traced throughout the text. The Lord of the Rings contains themes with racial issues and this can be described as racism, even though it is not possible to say that The Lord of the Rings is a racist text as whole.Uppsatsen analyserar Sagan om Ringen av J.R.R Tolkien. Den visar på hur olika raser är beskrivna i texten och hur dessa grupper interagerar med varandra. Uppsatsen använder sig av Postcoloniala teorier, i huvudsak Orientalism och de andra för att visa på rasistiska spår i texten. Uppsatsen behandlar texten och undersöker karaktärernas åsikter om varandra. Målet med uppsatsen är att visa att Sagan om ringen har underligande rasistiska strömningar mellan de olika raserna i Midgård. Det koloniala temat i texten ses tydligast i de geografiska beskrivningarna, hudfärg på karaktärer och de steriotypa beskrivnnignarna av olika grupper i verket. De steriotypa beskrivnnigarna kommer troligtvis ifrån Tolkiens egen uppväxt i det imperialistiska Storbritanien under slutet av 1800-talet då tidstypiska beskrivingar från denna era kan skönjas i texten som helhet. Sagan om ringen innehåller flera rasistiska partier men det är inte möjligt att beskriva hela verket som rasistiskt.
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Scarf, Christopher Hans. "The ideal of kingship in the writings of Charles Williams, C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of Sussex, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.442430.
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Batstone, P. "Shadow into substance : Education and identitity in the fantasy of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.377273.
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Almgren, Emma. "Flashback eller Backlash? : En strukturanalys av genusordningen i J.R.R Tolkiens och Peter Jacksons Lord of the Rings." Thesis, Stockholm University, Department of Ethnology, Comparative Religion and Gender Studies, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-383.
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Brink, Emma. "Othering and Diversity in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings Trilogy : A Positive Presentation of Difference." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och interkultur, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-47810.
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The Lord of the Rings trilogy is greatly diverse in species, races, and ethnicities which is a fact that over the decades has engendered great scholarly discussions about hidden racism in the literary work. Therefore, an analysis of intercultural matters and encounters realized throughout the story is relevant for detecting a possible racist ideology. By applying the postcolonial concept “Othering,” which is an act of differentiation, this essay analyzes racist instances in the story, and the result of or opposition to those, in order to indicate the presence of an anti-Othering ideology in the trilogy. The analysis is conducted through discussion of Othering of other species/races/ethnicities caused by blind trust in one’s own group, Othering inside one’s own group, Othering of other species/races/ethnicities, and discussion about instances of multicultural acceptance. Considering Tolkien’s relationship to nature, this discussion also extends to Othering of nature. Consequently, this essay concludes how The Lord of the Rings trilogy arguably is against Othering since the story generally presents the act as negative to others, oneself, and/or one’s beloved as well as contains instances which simply convey a positive view of multiculturalism.Sagan om ringen trilogin är väldigt mångfaldig i arter, raser och etniciteter vilket genom årtionden har genererat storskaliga akademiska diskussioner om förekomsten av en dold rasism i det litterära verket. Därmed är en analys av de interkulturella angelägenheter och möten som tar plats under berättelsens gång relevant för att upptäcka en möjlig rasistisk ideologi. Genom att applicera det postkoloniala konceptet ”Othering”, vilket är en differentieringsakt, analyserar denna uppsats rasistiska instanser i berättelsen och resultatet av eller oppositionen till dessa för att indikera förekomsten av en motståndsideologi till ”Othering” i trilogin. Analysen genomförs genom diskussioner om ”Othering” av andra arter/raser/etniciteter orsakade av blind tilltro till ens egen grupp, ”Othering” inom ens egen grupp, ”Othering” av andra arter/raser/etniciteter och diskussion om instanser av multikulturell acceptans. Med tanke på Tolkiens relation till naturen sträcker sig även denna diskussion till ”Othering” av naturen. Denna uppsats drar följaktligen slutsatsen att Sagan om ringen trilogin är emot ”Othering” eftersom berättelsen generellt sett presenterar aktionen som negativ för andra, en själv och ens älskade, såväl som innehåller instanser som helt enkelt förmedlar en positiv syn på multikulturalism.
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Lopes, Reinaldo José. "With many voices and in many tongues: pseudotradução, autorrefração e profundidade cultural na ficção de J.R.R. Tolkien." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8147/tde-14032013-124446/.
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O presente trabalho pretende demonstrar que a pseudotradução (compreendida como a apresentação de um texto ficcional original como se fosse uma tradução de um original que não existe) e a autorrefração (ou seja, a recriação, pelo próprio autor, de um texto seu em outro contexto, formato ou forma literária) são elementos centrais para a poderosa ilusão de profundidade cultural conjurada pela obra de J.R.R. Tolkien. Ao apresentar uma elaborada moldura metanarrativa, que postula a existência de manuscritos antigos, longas cadeias de transmissão e adaptação de textos e múltiplos idiomas nos quais essa transmissão se dá, Tolkien dá um passo crucial para aproximar sua obra das mitologias reais.This dissertation aims to show that pseudotranslation (defined as the presentation of an original, fictional text as a translation of a foreign text that does not actually exist) and self-refraction (that is, the recreation, by the author himself, of one of his texts in a different cultural context, format or literary form) are key elements for the powerful illusion of cultural depth conjured up by the works of J.R.R. Tolkien. By presenting an elaborate metanarrative framework and postulating the existence of ancient manuscripts, long chains of cultural transmission and adaptation and multiple languages in which such transmission occurs, Tolkien takes a crucial step to bring his works to the same level of real mythologies.
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Myers, Megan Kathryn. "Becoming Faramir: Escapism as Responsibility and Hope through Adaptation and J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8492.
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When Peter Jackson sought to adapt J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings to film, many fans worried about the changes that could be made to such a beloved story. Though the response to the films was generally positive, all three movies did have their detractors. Many of the complaints centered on his badly adapting the source material, specifically the characters. When Jackson released The Two Towers, fans were outraged further by how Jackson had handled Faramir. However, these interpretations of The Lord of the Rings and Faramir are a narrow evaluation of the larger problem facing fan and scholarly communities, that being, the devaluation of Escapism and what Tolkien calls, “escapist texts,” in today’s society. Tolkien claims that the main purpose of escapist texts is that they allow audiences to recover previous experiences that gave them feelings of happiness or joy. Despite criticism of Escapism, escapists texts don’t urge people to abandon their lives and seek something else. Rather, escapist texts encourage audiences to identify with and empathize with the characters represented in these texts, in order to return to their lives and accept responsibility for and connection with other people. When audiences see The Lord of the Rings and Faramir (whether in book form or in film form), they identify and connect with these stories and characters and seek responsibility in their own lives, which brings them, and those around them, hope.
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Buchanan, Travis Walker. "Truth incarnate : story as sacrament in the mythopoeic thought and fiction of C.S. Lewis and J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/7860.
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The thesis is organized as two sections of two chapters each: the first section establishes a theoretical framework of a broad and reinvigorated Christian sacramentality within which to situate the second—an investigation of the theories and practice of the mythopoeic art of C. S. Lewis and J. R. R. Tolkien in this sacramental light. The first chapter acknowledges the thoroughgoing disenchantment of modernity, an effect traced to the vanishing of a sacramental understanding of the world, and then explores the history of the sacramental concept that would seek to be reclaimed and reconceived as a possible means of the re-enchantment of Western culture such as in the recent work of David Brown. An appreciative critique of Brown's work is offered in chapter two before proposing an alternative understanding of a distinctly Christian and reinvigorated sacramentality anchored in the Incarnation and operating by Transposition. A notion of sacramental vision is developed from the perceptual basis in its classic definitions, and a sacramental understanding of story is considered from a theological perspective on the infinite generativity of meaning in texts, along with recent theories of affect and affordance. The second half of the thesis expounds the views of mythopoeia held by Lewis and Tolkien in order to show how they are not only compatible with but lead to a sacramental understanding of story as developed in part one, with mythopoeia affording the recovery of a potentially transformative vision of reality, awakening it into focus in distinctly Christian ways (chapter three). The final chapter demonstrates how their mythopoeic theories are exemplified in their art, examining specific ways Till We Have Faces and The Lord of the Rings afford the recovery of a potentially transformative vision of various themes central to them. In closing it is suggested that such a sacramental understanding of story may contribute to the re-enchantment of Western culture, not to mention the re-mythologization and re-envisaging of Christianity, whose significance in these regards has been hitherto mostly unrecognized.
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Donati, Rebecca. "Introduzione alle lingue artificiali di J.R.R Tolkien. Quenya: il "Cancello di Moria" delle lingue della Terra di Mezzo." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/21310/.
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Con un’introduzione sulle lingue artificiali e i motivi della loro creazione, il presente elaborato si concentra sul “vizio segreto” di J.R.R. Tolkien, la sua passione per la creazione delle lingue. Ciò che ha ispirato lo scrittore inglese a dare vita al mondo de Il Signore degli Anelli è stata la forte passione per le sue lingue elfiche presentate in questa tesi: il Quenya e il Sindarin. La lingua Quenya in particolare è stata una grande fonte di ispirazione per tantissimi linguisti e glottoteti nella creazione di nuove lingue artificiali per nuovi mondi fantastici, dal pianeta di Pandora dei Na’vi ai vasti regni del Trono di Spade.
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Halsall, Michael. "A critical assessment of the influence of neoplatonism in J.R.R. Tolkien's philosophy of life as 'being and gift'." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.716490.
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This thesis explores the theology and philosophy, metaphysics and mystical approach to life as 'being and gift' in the writings of J.R.R. Tolkien. As a popular writer of fantasy, it is my hypothesis that he developed in that fantasy a radical metaphysics of giftedness in created being, in that all creation participates and subsists in the One, and yet demonstrates a freedom in its subjectivity apart from the One. There is none of the fatalism in Tolkien's world which he encountered in key texts such as Beowulf and the Anglo-Saxon psyche, and a corollary of human being in Tolkien's world implies freedom from both theological and corporeal determinism. 1 have explored and assessed the extent to which Tolkien utilised various forms of Christian Neoplatonism, influenced as they are by the Platonic and Aristotelian classical traditions, alongside Old and Middle English texts which were available to him in his professional career. In particular, I have made significant connections between Tolkien's cosmogonic drama in his creation myth and the musica universalis tradition of Latin writers such as Augustine, Boethius and Aquinas. As such, I have demonstrated that for Tolkien. materiality is not a lapsus or declension from some transcendent Godhead, but a divine extravagance in its gratuitous emanation. As Tolkien was writing as a Catholic, it shall be demonstrated that his use of 1 homism reflects the twentieth century theological revision, inspired by Jacques Maritain and his contemporaries. Furthermore, I have sought to demonstrate how Tolkien's more mystical episodes are inspired by sources which were used also by John Scottus Eriugena, alongside Alfred Siewers' reading of them. Tolkien's own published, unpublished, and posthumously published works, comprise a deep well of inspiration and, given the near absence of supporting scholarly material associated with them, then this thesis relies significantly upon those primary sources.
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Selvén, Sebastian. ""I will go now to my pyre" : Isaks bindande läst genom J.R.R. Tolkiens The Lord of the Rings." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Gamla testamentets exegetik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-201391.
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Reátegui-Vásquez, Ramón. "Approaching Contemporary Fantasy: An insight into the fantasy styles and theory of J.R.R Tolkien and George R.R. Martin." Thesis, Reátegui-Vásquez, Ramón (2015) Approaching Contemporary Fantasy: An insight into the fantasy styles and theory of J.R.R Tolkien and George R.R. Martin. Honours thesis, Murdoch University, 2015. https://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/30049/.
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The main aim of my thesis is to explore and define the characteristic styles of the contemporary fantasy story’s narrative structure, primarily by focusing on the works of both J.R.R Tolkien, also acknowledged as the father of the modern fantasy genre, writer of The Hobbit, The Lord of the Rings and The Silmarillion, published after his death and a more contemporary fantasy author, George R.R Martin, writer of the A Song of Ice and Fire series. I am interested in their narrative structure and approach to the fantasy genre, the similarities and the dire contrast between them, how Martin took the foundation of what Tolkien designed and how he has expanded upon it to create a more contemporary perspective to the genre. I aim to focus and expand upon Tolkien’s own theory of sub-creation, in which he argues that the crucial feature of fantasy should be the creation of what he called secondary belief. I argue that Martin also adopts this approach, but brings a greater level of reality to his creation, seeing Tolkien’s depiction of his world and its politics as being too naïve and lacking complexity. Martin explores issues of power and gender in his work which gives his own ‘sub-creation’ a more recognizable contemporary texture. In my own work, offered as part of this thesis, I have tried to adopt the best of both approaches within my own narrative, For Glory.
J.R.R Tolkien always held a strong fascination with fairy tales, where they originated and how they eventually developed into the fantasy genre we all know so well. He marked their relationship with myths, leading him to investigate the well-known but conflicting theories of Max Muhller and an opposing theorist Andrew Lang, who sought to categorise fairy tales and their place within literature. However after examining both Muhller’s Solar theory and Langs anthropological theory, Tolkien found that he did not agree with either theory, leading to him developing his own theory about myths and fairy tales, arguing that they were the direct result of what people knew about the world around them and the human imagination. Tolkien could not stress enough how important the human imagination was, he went on to base his sub-creation theory mostly upon this, developing it during his time writing The Hobbit and finalising it as he wrote The Lord of the Rings. This in turn led to the development of his Sub-Creation theory, which is expanded upon in Tolkien’s World by Randel Helms. Tolkien sought to transport his readers into a world which they could visualise and believe without suspending disbelief, a world full of many magical creatures and monsters that were mainly influenced by Tolkien’s fascination with Nordic mythology.
The Lord of the Rings and his other works set the tone for the next generation of fantasy writers, many embracing the structure of Middle Earth and creating similar worlds. George R.R Martin, author of The Song of Ice and Fire series, was no exception to this; like many fantasy writers that followed in Tolkien’s footsteps, he went on to create Westeros, a world also set in medieval times, loosely based upon the historical War of the Roses. Martin decided that Tolkien, despite his success in creating a rich, magical and detailed medieval world of Middle Earth, had nonetheless ushered in many other fantasy writes that followed too mechanically, with character types such as Dark Lords being over used. He decided that Tolkien had diluted the trappings of power too much, as he never went into depth into the political arena and what it means to rule. Martin made sure to clearly illustrate that within Westeros, political machinations were rife, as each House strives to outplay the other and one has to watch one’s step or get killed in a moment of weakness. Also instead of a central quest, the characters within Martin’s world spend most of their time separated from one another, scattered across Westeros and beyond, where they would all undergo their own personal journeys, sometimes crossing paths but never gathering together to complete a certain task. After expanding upon the finer points of the styles and structures that J.R. R Tolkien and George R.R Martin applied within their narratives, the thesis will then outline which factors make up a successful fantasy story, factors that I applied to my own fantasy story, For Glory.
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Wood, Felicity. "Marvellous Secondary Worlds: A comparative study of C.S. Lewis's Narnia, J.R.R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, and Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22153.
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Bibliography: pages 156-164.In this thesis, the nature and function of Marvellous Secondary worlds are examined by means of a comparative study of three Marvellous Secondary worlds: C. S. Lewis's Narnia, J. R. R. Tolkien's Middle-earth, and Ursula K. Le Guin's Earthsea. We consider the way in which Marvellous Secondary worlds may be used in order to explore certain aspects of reality highly effectively through themes and images characteristic of Marvellous fantasy. In the Introduction, the wide range of Secondary worlds in modern fantasy and the specific functions that Secondary worlds may fulfil is commented on. These analyses are then linked to a discussion of some of the central characteristics of Marvellous Secondary worlds.
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Ersoy, Gozde. "Trajectories, thresholds, transformations : coming of age in classic modern fantasy fiction." Thesis, Brunel University, 2016. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13606.
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This thesis examines and explores the process of coming of age in successful fantasy fiction series, including J. R. R. Tolkien’s The Lord of the Rings novel and its prequel The Hobbit, Ursula K. Le Guin’s Earthsea series and Philip Pullman’s His Dark Materials trilogy. In particular, it is suggested that the huge popularity of fantasy stems from the fact that it provides a representation of human agency significantly at odds with the everyday experience of an increasingly bureaucratized and financially-determined world. Analysis shows how fantasy texts provide a universal model that help younger readers to understand the process of maturity as individuation and entry into the intersubjective social world. The central protagonists of such texts have to learn to master concepts such as seeing oneself in the other through intersubjective dialogues, objectifying one’s self in the world, and coping with their own battles, in the process of finding their way to maturity. This fictional “quest” or “journey” provides a model for readers to assess their own realities and actions, which in turn has the effect of changing their understanding and enabling them to critique their own lives. It is demonstrated how these classic and widely translated works of fantastic literature, which reach a huge crossover readership, may be understood in terms of parallel transformational stages such as confusion, inattentional blindness, fear, courage and various attempts of learning the need for moderation. Overall, this analysis, comprising the disciplines of psychology, philosophy, anthropology, education, behavioural economics, sociology, media, and history, explores the processes of transformation and maturation within fantasy literature. At the same time, the case for fantasy literature’s uniqueness in its capacity to reveal the mechanisms of human agency is substantiated within a theoretical framework.
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Puttanna, Riya. "Intertextual Merlin : a look at the evolution and influences on the character of Merlin from Geoffrey of Monmouth to J.R.R. Tolkien." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2017. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.738212.
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Andersson, Daniel. "Religionsundervisning, etik och populärkultur. : En kvalitativ studie om J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring och dess didaktiska potential i religionskunskapsundervisningen på gymnasienivå." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för humaniora och samhällsvetenskap (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-83316.
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The purpose of the study was to evaluate the didactic potential, and applicability of fiction in religious education. The subject I wanted to examine was J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring and whether it could be enriching for religious studies in upper secondary school, focusing on normative ethics.The study used a qualitative research method and the empirical material consisted of J.R.R. Tolkiens The Fellowship of the Ring. The book was read several times and sorted and reduced using focused coding searching for ethical dilemmas and different thematic units. The result was analyzed with the help of the high school’s curriculum, previous research, and selected theoretical concepts, normative ethics and didactic potential.The results showed that the book contained a large number of ethical dilemmas and several thematic units wich could help realize its didactic potential. The book’s usefullnes and didactic potential, focusing on normative ethics in religious studies, could then be proven on the basis of the upper secondary school’s and religious studies curriculum, as well as using previous research. The ethical dilemmas and thematic units found throughout the book make it highly usefull for discussing issues of normative ethics in the classroom.
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Jonikaitė, Agnė. "Translation of Characters' Names and Geographical Names from English into Lithuanian in J.R.R. Tolkien's The Lord of the Rings: the Fellowship of the Ring." Bachelor's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2014. http://vddb.library.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2014~D_20140717_083644-49714.
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The main objective and primary aim of the paper was to analyze translation strategies which were employed while translating geographical and characters’ names from English into Lithuanian in John Ronald Reuel Tolkien’s novel The Lord of the Rings: The Fellowship of the Ring.The study set out with the objective of assessing the theoretical background of translation of culture specific items. The main concern was the definition and categorization of non- equivalence and related concepts. Moreover, the core object of the paper was to disclose the usage of translation strategies that were employed while translating the proper names from English into Lithuanian.Pagrindinis darbo tikslas buvo išanalizuoti vertimo strategijas, kurios buvo naudojamos verčiant veikėjų vardus ir vietovardžius iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių J.R.R. Tolkieno romane Žiedų Valdovas:Žiedo Brolija. Darbo tikslas buvo ištirti teorinę medžiagą susijusią su kultūrinių realijų vertimu. Didelis dėmesys buvo skirtas neekvivalentiškumo ir susijusių konceptų aiškinimui.Be to, pagrindinis darbo uždavinys buvo išsiaiškinti, kaip buvo pritaikytos vertimo strategijos verčiant tikrinius vardus iš anglų kalbos į lietuvių.
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Levin, Christoffer. "The Hero’s Journey in J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit, or, There and Back Again : Using Joseph Campbell’s Narrative Structure for an Analysis of Mythopoeic Fiction." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för humaniora, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-21253.
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This essay investigates the applicability of Joseph Campbell’s notion of the Hero’s Journey from his theoretical work The Hero with a Thousand Faces on J.R.R. Tolkien’s The Hobbit, or, There and Back Again. This has been done by outlining the essential aspects of Campbell’s theory and then performing a reading and analysis of Tolkien’s work. Furthermore, this essay focuses on the narrative structure proposed by Campbell, but also the heroic character’s development—in this instance, Bilbo Baggins’ development. As such, a brief examination of Campbell’s attitude and use of Freudian psychoanalysis has been performed as well as a presentation of Bilbo Baggins’ character and dual nature before the adventure. As a possible line of argument Tolkien’s knowledge of myth is also briefly expounded on. This essay does not research or make any definitive statements on the universal applicability of Campbell’s theory, but merely finds that Tolkien’s The Hobbit, or, There and Back Again appears to conform well to Campbell’s proposed narrative structure and that the development of Bilbo’s heroic character, or his character arc, is in concurrence with this as well.
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Gehrmann, Christoffer. "Translation Quality Assessment : A Model in Practice." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för humaniora (HUM), 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-16041.
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When J. R. R. Tolkien’s trilogy The Lord of the Rings was published in Swedish 1959-1961, the translation by Åke Ohlmarks was considered by most critics to be excellent. According to Ohlmarks, even J. R. R. Tolkien himself and his son Christopher were very pleased with it, which Ohlmarks was told by Christopher when he met him in 1975. This is, however, contradicted in the authorised biography of Tolkien by Carpenter (1978), in which Tolkien is said to have been most negative towards the way Ohlmarks handled the text. Before the biography was published, Christopher Tolkien and Ohlmarks had become bitter enemies, which might explain the re-evaluation. The schism has been described by Ohlmarks in his book Tolkiens arv (1978). But ever since The Lord of the Rings came out in paperback in 1971 there has been a discussion about the translation quality also in Sweden. When I first read the books in English I had the Swedish translation beside me. I soon discovered that Ohlmarks had taken great liberties with the text. I noticed that the descriptions were often more detailed in the Swedish translation than in the original and it was this fact that first roused my interest. Therefore, I decided to try to make a translation quality assessment of a part of the text, using a model by Juliane House.
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Carroll, Maureen, and res cand@acu edu au. "Imagination For Better Not Worse: The Hobbit in the primary classroom." Australian Catholic University. Trescowthick School of Education, 2004. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp65.25092005.
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This thesis argues for the power of story and, in particular, the story of The Hobbit by J.R.R. Tolkien to help build optimism and hope. The Hobbit is under-used in primary schools and this thesis demonstrates that it is eminently suitable for children. Without imagination children are vulnerable to sadness and despair. The positive development of imagination through heroic tales is likely to benefit children emotionally and psychologically. The story of The Hobbit can be utilised to develop the concept of the Hero's Journey, a persistent trope in oral and recorded literature and an archetype for virtually all human experience. In addition, the thesis shows that critical thinking skills and multiple intelligences can be developed through the use of The Hobbit. Depression in young people is now recognised as a serious public health problem in Australia. Research supports the view that children need optimism. This thesis discusses statistics regarding the increased prevalence of childhood depression and aggression as well as alarming youth suicide reports. The inquiry by the Victorian Parliament into the effects of television violence on children is examined and the scholarly works of Neil Postman, inter alia, are discussed to establish the overall pattern of positive association between television violence and aggression in children. Furthermore, the contention that many contemporary realistic texts do little to promote hopefulness in the young is supported with the opinions of scholars who are respected in the field of children’s literature. Tolkien was a devout Catholic but, even more importantly, he was able to restate traditional values through his imaginative works of The Hobbit and The Lord of the Rings. This has relevance for Catholic educators who strive to relate Gospel values to popular culture. Christian education must extend imagination beyond morality to help young people to find meaning and purpose in their lives. Through the use of The Hobbit and other books of this kind, children can begin to learn not to fear change, failure or setbacks but to see them as important challenges and opportunities for personal growth. This thesis argues for the likely value of a continuum of this type of learning that begins in early childhood, in order to provide a
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Spooner, Kaleigh Jean. ""History Real or Feigned": Tolkien, Scott, and Poetry's Place in Fashioning History." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2017. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/6476.
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Most critics of The Lord of the Rings correlate Tolkien's work to ancient texts, like Beowulf, the Elder Edda, and medieval romances. While the connection between these traditional materials and Tolkien is valid, it neglects a key feature of Tolkien's work and one of the author's desires, which was to fashion a sort of history that felt as real as any other old story. Moreover, it glosses over the rather obvious point that Tolkien is writing a novel, or at any rate a long work of prose fiction that owes a good deal to the novel tradition. Therefore, through careful attention to the formal textures of Tolkien's work, melding together both genre criticism and formal analysis (and with a sound understanding of literary history), I argue that Tolkien's work follows a more modern vein and aligns with the nineteenth-century historical novel, the genre pioneered by Sir Walter Scott. The projects of Tolkien and Scott parallel one another in many respects that deserve critical attention. This essay begins the discussion by addressing just one, somewhat surprising, point of comparison: the writers' use of poetry. I observe that Tolkien and Scott utilized poetry in similar ways, and I parse the poems into three distinct categories: low culture poems, high culture poems, and poems which straddle the divide between the two. All of this demonstrates how each piece of poetry, written in an antique style, saturates the texts with historic atmosphere and depth. This lends a sense of authenticity and realism to Scott's works, and later it buttresses Tolkien's attempts to foster "the dust of history" and create an illusion of authenticity and realism for Middle Earth's (imaginary) past.