Journal articles: 'J. C. Williamson Theatres'

1

Leaper, D. J. "Surgery J. D. Corson, R. C. N. Williamson (eds) 297 × 254 mm. Pp. 1660. Illustrated. 2001. London: Mosby." British Journal of Surgery 88, no. 9 (September 2001): 1269. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0007-1323.2001.01887.x.

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Guo, Yan-Lin, Baobin Kang, and John R. Williamson. "Resistance to TNF-α cytotoxicity can be achieved through different signaling pathways in rat mesangial cells." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 276, no. 2 (February 1, 1999): C435—C441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.1999.276.2.c435.

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We reported previously that Ro-318220 blocked expression of mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase-1 (MKP-1) induced by tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and subsequently caused apopotosis in mesangial cells (Y.-L. Guo, B. Kang, and J. R. Williamson. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 10362–10366, 1998). These data support our hypothesis that a TNF-α-inducible phosphatase may be responsible for preventing sustained activation of c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinase (JNK) and consequent cell death in these cells (Y.-L. Guo, K. Baysal, B. Kang, L.-J. Yang, and J. R. Williamson. J. Biol. Chem. 273: 4027–4034, 1998). In this study, we investigated the involvement of protein kinase C (PKC) in regulation of MKP-1 expression in mesangial cells together with effects on viability. Although originally characterized as a PKC inhibitor, Ro-318220 inhibited TNF-α-induced MKP-1 expression through a mechanism other than blocking the PKC pathway. Furthermore, inhibition of the PKC pathway neither significantly affected TNF-α-induced MKP-1 expression nor made cells susceptible to toxic effect of TNF-α. Thus PKC activation is not essential for cells to achieve the resistance to TNF-α cytotoxicity displayed by normal mesangial cells. However, activation of PKC by phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) dramatically increased cellular resistance to the apoptotic effect of TNF-α. Coincidentally, PMA stimulated MKP-1 expression and suppressed JNK activation. Therefore, PMA-induced MKP-1 expression may contribute to the protective effect of PMA. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for previous documentation that PKC activation can rescue some cells from apopotosis.

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Kingsnorth, A. N. "Clinical Gastroenterology, R. C. N. Williamson and J. N. Thompson. 233 × 154 mm. Pp. 935. Illustrated. 1991. London: Baillière Tindall. £27.50." British Journal of Surgery 79, no. 9 (September 1992): 978. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800790952.

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Ralphs, D. N. L. "Emergency abdominal surgery. R. C. N. Williamson, M. J. Cooper, eds. 195 × 253 mm. Pp. 296. Illustrated. 1990. Singapore: Churchill Livingstone. £40.00 hardback." British Journal of Surgery 77, no. 12 (December 1990): 1437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800771238.

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Hodgkin, M., A. Craxton, J. B. Parry, P. J. Hughes, B. V. Potter, R. H. Michell, and C. J. Kirk. "Bovine testis and human erythrocytes contain different subtypes of membrane-associated Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphomonoesterases." Biochemical Journal 297, no. 3 (February 1, 1994): 637–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2970637.

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1. We have purified membrane-associated Ins(1,4,5)P3/Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 5-phosphatases from bovine testis and human erythrocytes by chromatography on several media, including a novel 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate affinity column. 2. The enzymes have apparent molecular masses of 42 kDa (testis) and 70 kDa (erythrocyte), as determined by SDS/PAGE, and affinities for Ins(1,4,5)P3 of 14 microM and 22 microM respectively. 3. The two enzymes hydrolyse both Ins(1,4,5)P3 and Ins(1,3,4,5)P4 and are therefore type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatases [nomenclature of Hansen, Johanson, Williamson and Williamson (1987) J. Biol. Chem. 262, 17319-17326]. 4. On chromatofocusing, the partially purified testicular enzyme migrates as two peaks of activity, with pI values of about 5.8 and 5.5. The erythrocyte enzyme exhibits only the latter peak. 5. The testis 5-phosphatase is labile at 37 degrees C, but its activity can be maintained in the presence of 50 mM phorbol dibutyrate (PdBu). After PdBu treatment, a third form of the enzyme, with pI about 6.2, appears on chromatofocusing, but without change in its Km or Vmax. 6. Consideration of the properties of these enzymes and of the 5-phosphatases from other tissues suggests that type I Ins(1,4,5)P3 5-phosphatases are of two well-defined subtypes. We propose that these be termed type Ia [typified by the testis enzyme: approximately 40 kDa, higher affinity for Ins(1,4,5)P3] and Type Ib [typified by the erythrocyte enzyme: approximately 70 kDa, lower affinity for Ins(1,4,5)P3].

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Roberts, M. F. "Potter's new cyclopaedia of botanical drugs and preparations. R. C. Wren; completely revised by Elizabeth M. Williamson and Fred J. Evans. C. W. Daniel Company, Ltd, Saffron Walden. 1988. £14.25." Phytotherapy Research 3, no. 3 (1989): xv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2650030317.

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Mlynczak, Jaroslaw, Krzysztof Kopczynski, Maksymilian Włodarski, and Miron Kaliszewski. "Laser dazzler emitting three-colour radiation." Photonics Letters of Poland 14, no. 1 (March 31, 2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v14i1.1129.

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The article presents a laser dazzle generating three overlapping laser beams of different colours and an analysis of the possibility of dazzling people with this radiation. The analysis took into account the eye’s photopic sensitivity and the additivity of the three radiation beams. Such analysis, to the knowledge of the authors, is presented for the first time. The possibility of dazzling for four different dazzle levels and three levels of ambient luminance was presented. It has been shown that in some conditions it is possible to damage the eye without causing the assumed dazzle effect. Full Text: PDF ReferencesJoint Non-Lethal Weapons Program, Non-Lethal Optical Distracters Fact Sheet, (2016). DirectLink https://www.faa.gov/about/initiatives/lasers/laws/ DirectLink N. Raoof, et al., "‘Toy’ laser macular burns in children", Eye 28, 231 (2014). CrossRef D. B. Gosling, J. B. O'Hagan, and F. M. Quhill, "Blue Laser Induced Retinal Injury in a Commercial Pilot at 1300 ft", Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 87, 69 (2016). CrossRef J. Marshall, J. B. O'Hagan, and J. R. Tyrer, "Eye hazards of laser ‘pointers’ in perspective", Br. J. Ophthalmol. 100, 583 (2016). CrossRef N. Raoof, J. O'Hagan, N. Pawlowska, and F. Quhill, "Toy’ laser macular burns in children: 12-month update", Eye 30, 492 (2016). CrossRef S. Androudi and E. Papageorgiou, "Macular Hole from a Laser Pointer", New England Journal of Medicine 378, 2420 (2018) CrossRef J. E. Neffendorf, G. D. Hildebrand and S. M. Downes, "Handheld laser devices and laser-induced retinopathy (LIR) in children: an overview of the literature", Eye 33, 1203 (2019). CrossRef E. Linton, et al., "Retinal burns from laser pointers: a risk in children with behavioural problems", Eye 33, 492 (2019). CrossRef P. Dockrill, Science alert, (2020). DirectLink IEC 60825-1:2014, Safety of laser products - Part 1: Equipment classification and requirements (International Electrotechnical Commission 2014). DirectLink ANSI Z136.1-2014, American National Standard for Safe Use of Lasers (American National Standards Institute 2014). DirectLink C. A. Williamson and L. N. McLin, "Nominal ocular dazzle distance (NODD)", Appl. Opt. 54, 1564 (2015). CrossRef C. A. Williamson and L. N. McLin, "Determination of a laser eye dazzle safety framework", Journal of Laser Applications 30, 032010 (2018). CrossRef J. Mlynczak, K. Kopczynski, M. Kaliszewski, M. Wlodarski, "Estimation of nominal ocular hazard distance and nominal ocular dazzle distance for multibeam laser radiation", Applied Optics, 60(22), 6414-6421 (2021). CrossRef CVRL Database, CVRL functions, Luminous efficiency functions, 2-deg functions. DirectLink Peter Lennie, Joel Pokorny, and Vivianne C. Smith, "Luminance", Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 10 (6), 1283-1293, (1993) CrossRef H. Cai and T. Chung, "Evaluating discomfort glare from non-uniform electric light sources", Lighting Research & Technology, 45 (3), 267-294 (2012). CrossRef

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Choi, Sunju, Elisabeth A. Gustafson-Wagner, Qinchuan Wang, Shannon M. Harlan, Haley W. Sinn, Jenny L. C. Lin, and Jim J. C. Lin. "The Intercalated Disc Protein, mXinα, Is Capable of Interacting with β-Catenin and Bundling Actin Filaments." Journal of Biological Chemistry 282, no. 49 (October 9, 2007): 36024–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1074/jbc.m707639200.

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Targeted deletion of mXinα results in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiomyopathy with conduction defects (Gustafson-Wagner, E., Sinn, H. W., Chen, Y.-L., Wang, D.-Z., Reiter, R. S., Lin, J. L.-C., Yang, B., Williamson, R. A., Chen, J. N., Lin, C.-I., and Lin, J. J.-C. (2007) Am. J. Physiol. 293, H2680-H2692). To understand the underlying mechanisms leading to such cardiac defects, the functional domains of mXinα and its interacting proteins were investigated. Interaction studies using co-immunoprecipitation, pull-down, and yeast two-hybrid assays revealed that mXinα directly interacts with β-catenin. The β-catenin-binding site on mXinα was mapped to amino acids 535-636, which overlaps with the known actin-binding domains composed of the Xin repeats. The overlapping nature of these domains provides insight into the molecular mechanism for mXinα localization and function. Purified recombinant glutathione S-transferase- or His-tagged mXinα proteins are capable of binding and bundling actin filaments, as determined by co-sedimentation and electron microscopic studies. The binding to actin was saturated at an approximate stoichiometry of nine actin monomers to one mXinα. A stronger interaction was observed between mXinα C-terminal deletion and actin as compared with the interaction between full-length mXinα and actin. Furthermore, force expression of green fluorescent protein fused to an mXinα C-terminal deletion in cultured cells showed greater stress fiber localization compared with force-expressed GFP-mXinα. These results suggest a model whereby the C terminus of mXinα may prevent the full-length molecule from binding to actin, until the β-catenin-binding domain is occupied by β-catenin. The binding of mXinα to β-catenin at the adherens junction would then facilitate actin binding. In support of this model, we found that the actin binding and bundling activity of mXinα was enhanced in the presence of β-catenin.

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Dudley, H. A. F. "Surgical management. 2nd ed. N. J. O'Higgins, G. D. Chisholm and R. C. N. Williamson, eds. 276 × 206 mm. Pp. 1007. Illustrated. 1991. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann. £49.50." British Journal of Surgery 79, no. 5 (May 1992): 472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800790536.

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10

Rew, D. "Baillière's clinical gastroenterology: Gastrointestinal emergencies. Part 1 R. C. N. Williamson and J. N. Thompson (eds). 231 × 155 mm. Pp. 197. Illustrated. 1991. London: Baillière Tindall. £27.50." British Journal of Surgery 79, no. 8 (August 1992): 848–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800790863.

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Dudley, H. A. F. "Surgical management. 2nd ed. N. J. O'Higgins, G. D. Chisholm and R. C. N. Williamson, eds. 276 × 206 mm. Pp. 1007. Illusrraied. 1991. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann £49.50." British Journal of Surgery 79, no. 4 (April 1992): 375. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bjs.1800790437.

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Awin, Layth Ali, Steven W. Armfield, Nicholas Williamson, Michael P. Kirkpatrick, and Wenxian Lin. "Numerical simulation for entrainment of forced turbulent fountains." ANZIAM Journal 60 (August 29, 2019): C156—C171. http://dx.doi.org/10.21914/anziamj.v60i0.14051.

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Numerical simulations are used to investigate the entrainment for forced turbulent fountains over a range of Reynolds numbers and Froude numbers, with ranges based on the fountain source properties. Other fountain properties such as height and width are also examined to provide information on the general structure of the fountains. The results show that the fountains have minimal Reynolds number dependency, while they have a strong linear relation with the Froude number for the cases considered in this study. The entrainment coefficient is obtained as well as scaling constants for height and width in terms of the Froude number. References G. Abraham. Jets with negative buoyancy in homogeneous fluid. J. Hydraul. Res., 5(4):235248, 1967. doi:10.1080/00221686709500209. W. D. Baines, J. S. Turner, and I. H. Campbell. Turbulent fountains in an open chamber. J. Fluid Mech., 212:557592, 1990. doi:10.1017/S0022112090002099. L. J. Bloomfield and R. C. Kerr. A theoretical model of a turbulent fountain. J. Fluid Mech., 424:197216, 2000. doi:10.1017/S0022112000001907. H. C. Burridge and G. R. Hunt. Entrainment by turbulent fountains. J. Fluid Mech., 790:407418, 2016. doi:10.1017/jfm.2016.16. I. H. Campbell and J. S. Turner. Fountains in magma chambers. J. Petrol., 30(4):885923, 1989. doi:10.1093/petrology/30.4.885. P. D. Friedman, V. D. Vadakoot, W. J. Meyer, and S. Carey. Instability threshold of a negatively buoyant fountain. Exp. Fluids, 42(5):751759, 2007. doi:10.1007/s00348-007-0283-5. D. D. Gray and A. Giorgini. The validity of the Boussinesq approximation for liquids and gases. Int. J. Heat Mass Tran., 19(5):545551, 1976. doi:10.1016/0017-9310(76)90168-X. N. B. Kaye and G. R. Hunt. Weak fountains. J. Fluid Mech., 558:319328, 2006. doi:10.1017/S0022112006000383. B. P. Leonard and S. Mokhtari. Beyond first-order upwinding: The ultra-sharp alternative for non-oscillatory steady-state simulation of convection. Int. J. Numer. Meth. Eng., 30(4):729766, 1990. doi:10.1002/nme.1620300412. T. J. McDougall. Negatively buoyant vertical jets. Tellus, 33(3):313320, 1981. doi:10.3402/tellusa.v33i3.10718. T. Mizushina, F. Ogino, H. Takeuchi, and H. Ikawa. An experimental study of vertical turbulent jet with negative buoyancy. Warme Stoffubertrag., 16(1): 1521, 1982. doi:10.1007/BF01322802. B. R. Morton. Forced plumes. J. Fluid Mech., 5(1):151163, 1959. doi:10.1017/S002211205900012X. S. E. Norris. A parallel NavierStokes solver for natural convection and free surface flow. PhD thesis, University of Sydney, 2000. J. S. Turner. Jets and plumes with negative or reversing buoyancy. J. Fluid Mech., 26(4):779792, 1966. doi:10.1017/S0022112066001526. N. Williamson, N. Srinarayana, S. W. Armfield, G. D. McBain, and W. Lin. Low-Reynolds-number fountain behaviour. J. Fluid Mech., 608:297317, 2008. doi:10.1017/S0022112008002310. N. Williamson, S. W. Armfield, and W. Lin. Forced turbulent fountain flow behaviour. J. Fluid Mech., 671:535558, 2011. doi:10.1017/S0022112010005872. H. Zhang and R. E. Baddour. Maximum penetration of vertical round dense jets at small and large Froude numbers. J. Hydraul. Eng., 124(5):550553, 1998. doi:10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1998)124:5(550).

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Liu, Lide, Kazumasa Wakamatsu, Shosuke Ito, and Peter R. Williamson. "Catecholamine Oxidative Products, but Not Melanin, Are Produced by Cryptococcus neoformans during Neuropathogenesis in Mice." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 1 (January 1, 1999): 108–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.1.108-112.1999.

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ABSTRACT Melanin has been proposed as a virulence factor inCryptococcus neoformans, but its presence has not been shown unambiguously in vivo. Validated methods used previously to show production of cryptococcal eumelanin pigment in vitro (P. R. Williamson, K. Wakamatsu, and S. Ito, J. Bacteriol. 180:1570–1572, 1998) were used to assess for production of laccase-derived products in mouse brain of the Lacc+ strains, 2E-TUC, H99 (serotype A), and ATCC 34873 (serotype D), and the Lacc− strain, 2E-TU. Pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic and pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid, specific degradation products of catecholamine derivatives such as melanin, were found in all Lacc+ strains, but not in the Lacc− strain, 2E-TU. However, the presence of melanin pigment itself could not be demonstrated in the same cells. Lack of the specific degradation products aminohydroxyphenylalanine and aminohydroxyphenylethylamine in Lacc+ strains upon hydriodic acid hydrolysis showed that pheomelanin was also not produced by the fungus in vivo. These are the first data to support the generation of catecholamine oxidation products by C. neoformans in vivo, but they do not support postenzymatic polymerization of these products to form typical eumelanin, as previously proposed.

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Sarkhosh, Ali, Mercy Olmstead, E. P. Miller, Peter C. Andersen, and Jeffrey G. Williamson. "Growing Plums in Florida." EDIS 2018 (September 27, 2018): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs250-2018.

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Plums could be a potential crop for growers and homeowners in Florida and other mild winter areas throughout the Gulf coast, but many plum varieties from the west coast will not consistently perform well enough in Florida to produce fruit. However, the University of Florida's stone fruit breeding program has developed cultivars that improve the potential for growing plums in Florida and other mild winter areas that have high disease pressure. These cultivars are recommended for trial in Florida. The names of all University of Florida plum cultivars begin with the prefix 'Gulf.' These cultivars are Japanese type plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.) and have resistance to plum leaf scald (Xylella fastidiosa) and bacterial spot (Xanthomonas campestris). Fruit size is satisfactory (about 1½ to 2 inches in diameter) with good fruit quality. They ripen in early to late May, approximately two weeks before plums from other areas arrive in the marketplace. This 13-page publication is a minor revision written by A. Sarkhosh, M. Olmstead, E. P. Miller, P. C. Andersen, and J. G. Williamson, and publsihed by the Horticultural Sciences Department, September 2018. HS895/HS250: Growing Plums in Florida (ufl.edu)

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Nóbrega, Antonio C. L., Jon W. Williamson, Jorge A. Garcia, and Jere H. Mitchell. "Mechanisms for increasing stroke volume during static exercise with fixed heart rate in humans." Journal of Applied Physiology 83, no. 3 (September 1, 1997): 712–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jappl.1997.83.3.712.

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Nóbrega, Antonio C. L., Jon W. Williamson, Jorge A. Garcia, and Jere H. Mitchell. Mechanisms for increasing stroke volume during static exercise with fixed heart rate in humans. J. Appl. Physiol. 83(3): 712–717, 1997.—Ten patients with preserved inotropic function having a dual-chamber (right atrium and right ventricle) pacemaker placed for complete heart block were studied. They performed static one-legged knee extension at 20% of their maximal voluntary contraction for 5 min during three conditions: 1) atrioventricular sensing and pacing mode [normal increase in heart rate (HR; DDD)], 2) HR fixed at the resting value (DOO-Rest; 73 ± 3 beats/min), and 3) HR fixed at peak exercise rate (DOO-Ex; 107 ± 4 beats/min). During control exercise (DDD mode), mean arterial pressure (MAP) increased by 25 mmHg with no change in stroke volume (SV) or systemic vascular resistance. During DOO-Rest and DOO-Ex, MAP increased (+25 and +29 mmHg, respectively) because of a SV-dependent increase in cardiac output (+1.3 and +1.8 l/min, respectively). The increase in SV during DOO-Rest utilized a combination of increased contractility and the Frank-Starling mechanism (end-diastolic volume 118–136 ml). However, during DOO-Ex, a greater left ventricular contractility (end-systolic volume 55–38 ml) mediated the increase in SV.

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Rader, Betty R. "Book Reviews : C. Kilo, M.D., & J. R. Williamson, M. D., Diabetes, the Facts That Let You Begin Control of Your Life. New York: John Wiley, 1987. 192 pp. $9.95 paper." Journal of Applied Gerontology 7, no. 4 (December 1988): 564–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/073346488800700421.

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French, Jacqueline A. "Now We Know the Drug of First Choice—Or Do We?" Epilepsy Currents 7, no. 5 (September 2007): 125–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1535-7511.2007.00197.x.

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The SANAD Study of Effectiveness of Carbamazepine, Gabapentin, Lamotrigine, Oxcarbazepine, or Topiramate for Treatment of Partial Epilepsy: An Unblinded Randomised Controlled Trial. Marson AG, Al-Kharusi AM, Alwaidh M, Appleton R, Baker GA, Chadwick DW, Cramp C, Cockerell OC, Cooper PN, Doughty J, Eaton B, Gamble C, Goulding PJ, Howell SJ, Hughes A, Jackson M, Jacoby A, Kellett M, Lawson GR, Leach JP, Nicolaides P, Roberts R, Shackley P, Shen J, Smith DF, Smith PE, Smith CT, Vanoli A, Williamson PR; SANAD Study group. Lancet 2007;369(9566):1000–1015. BACKGROUND: Carbamazepine is widely accepted as a drug of first choice for patients with partial onset seizures. Several newer drugs possess efficacy against these seizure types but previous randomised controlled trials have failed to inform a choice between these drugs. We aimed to assess efficacy with regards to longer-term outcomes, quality of life, and health economic outcomes. METHODS: SANAD was an unblinded randomised controlled trial in hospital-based outpatient clinics in the UK. Arm A recruited 1,721 patients for whom carbamazepine was deemed to be standard treatment, and they were randomly assigned to receive carbamazepine, gabapentin, lamotrigine, oxcarbazepine, or topiramate. Primary outcomes were time to treatment failure, and time to 12-months remission, and assessment was by both intention to treat and per protocol. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN38354748. FINDINGS: For time to treatment failure, lamotrigine was significantly better than carbamazepine (hazard ratio [HR] 0·78 [95% CI 0·63–0·97]), gabapentin (0·65 [0·52–0·80]), and topiramate (0·64 [0·52–0·79]), and had a non-significant advantage compared with oxcarbazepine (1·15 [0·86–1·54]). For time to 12-month remission carbamazepine was significantly better than gabapentin (0·75 [0·63–0·90]), and estimates suggest a non-significant advantage for carbamazepine against lamotrigine (0·91 [0·77–1·09]), topiramate (0·86 [0·72–1·03]), and oxcarbazepine (0·92 [0·73–1·18]). In a per-protocol analysis, at 2 and 4 years the difference (95% CI) in the proportion achieving a 12-month remission (lamotrigine-carbamazepine) is 0 (–8 to 7) and 5 (–3 to 12), suggesting non-inferiority of lamotrigine compared with carbamazepine. INTERPRETATION: Lamotrigine is clinically better than carbamazepine, the standard drug treatment, for time to treatment failure outcomes and is therefore a cost-effective alternative for patients diagnosed with partial onset seizures. The SANAD Study of Effectiveness of Valproate, Lamotrigine, or Topiramate for Generalised and Unclassifiable Epilepsy: An Unblinded Randomised Controlled Trial. Marson AG, Al-Kharusi AM, Alwaidh M, Appleton R, Baker GA, Chadwick DW, Cramp C, Cockerell OC, Cooper PN, Doughty J, Eaton B, Gamble C, Goulding PJ, Howell SJ, Hughes A, Jackson M, Jacoby A, Kellett M, Lawson GR, Leach JP, Nicolaides P, Roberts R, Shackley P, Shen J, Smith DF, Smith PE, Smith CT, Vanoli A, Williamson PR; SANAD Study group. Lancet 2007;369(9566):1016–1026. BACKGROUND: Valproate is widely accepted as a drug of first choice for patients with generalised onset seizures, and its broad spectrum of efficacy means it is recommended for patients with seizures that are difficult to classify. Lamotrigine and topiramate are also thought to possess broad spectrum activity. The SANAD study aimed to compare the longer-term effects of these drugs in patients with generalised onset seizures or seizures that are difficult to classify. METHODS: SANAD was an unblinded randomised controlled trial in hospital-based outpatient clinics in the UK. Arm B of the study recruited 716 patients for whom valproate was considered to be standard treatment. Patients were randomly assigned to valproate, lamotrigine, or topiramate between Jan 12, 1999, and Aug 31, 2004, and follow-up data were obtained up to Jan 13, 2006. Primary outcomes were time to treatment failure, and time to 1-year remission, and analysis was by both intention to treat and per protocol. This study is registered as an International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial, number ISRCTN38354748. FINDINGS: For time to treatment failure, valproate was significantly better than topiramate (hazard ratio 1·57 [95% CI 1·19–2·08]), but there was no significant difference between valproate and lamotrigine (1·25 [0·94–1·68]). For patients with an idiopathic generalised epilepsy, valproate was significantly better than both lamotrigine (1·55 [1·07–2·24] and topiramate (1·89 [1·32–2·70]). For time to 12-month remission valproate was significantly better than lamotrigine overall (0·76 [0·62–0·94]), and for the subgroup with an idiopathic generalised epilepsy 0·68 (0·53–0·89). But there was no significant difference between valproate and topiramate in either the analysis overall or for the subgroup with an idiopathic generalised epilepsy. INTERPRETATION: Valproate is better tolerated than topiramate and more efficacious than lamotrigine, and should remain the drug of first choice for many patients with generalised and unclassified epilepsies. However, because of known potential adverse effects of valproate during pregnancy, the benefits for seizure control in women of childbearing years should be considered.

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Gerber, S., C. Lane, D. M. Brown, E. Lord, M. DiLorenzo, J. D. Clements, E. Rybicki, A. L. Williamson, and R. C. Rose. "Human Papillomavirus Virus-Like Particles Are Efficient Oral Immunogens when Coadministered with Escherichia coli Heat-Labile Enterotoxin Mutant R192G or CpG DNA." Journal of Virology 75, no. 10 (May 15, 2001): 4752–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.75.10.4752-4760.2001.

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ABSTRACT Certain human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause most cervical cancer, which remains a significant source of morbidity and mortality among women worldwide. HPV recombinant virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising vaccine candidates for controlling anogenital HPV disease and are now being evaluated as a parenteral vaccine modality in human subjects. Vaccines formulated for injection generally are more costly, more difficult to administer, and less acceptable to recipients than are mucosally administered vaccines. Since oral delivery represents an attractive alternative to parenteral injection for large-scale human vaccination, the oral immunogenicity of HPV type 11 (HPV-11) VLPs in mice was previously investigated; it was found that a modest systemic neutralizing antibody response was induced (R. C. Rose, C. Lane, S. Wilson, J. A. Suzich, E. Rybicki, and A. L. Williamson, Vaccine 17:2129–2135, 1999). Here we examine whether VLPs of other genotypes may also be immunogenic when administered orally and whether mucosal adjuvants can be used to enhance VLP oral immunogenicity. We show that HPV-16 and HPV-18 VLPs are immunogenic when administered orally and that oral coadministration of these antigens with Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) mutant R192G (LT R192G) or CpG DNA can significantly improve anti-VLP humoral responses in peripheral blood and in genital mucosal secretions. Our results also suggest that LT R192G may be superior to CpG DNA in this ability. These findings support the concept of oral immunization against anogenital HPV disease and suggest that clinical studies involving this approach may be warranted.

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Williamson, P. R., M. A. Huber, and J. E. Bennett. "Role of maltase in the utilization of sucrose by Candida albicans." Biochemical Journal 291, no. 3 (May 1, 1993): 765–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj2910765.

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Two isoenzymes of maltase (EC 3.2.1.20) were purified to homogeneity from Candida albicans. Isoenzymes I and II were found to have apparent molecular masses of 63 and 66 kDa on SDS/PAGE with isoelectric points of 5.0 and 4.6 respectively. Both isoenzymes resembled each other in similar N-terminal sequence, specificity for the alpha(1-−>4) glycosidic linkage and immune cross-reactivity on Western blots using a maltase II antigen-purified rabbit antibody. Maltase was induced by growth on sucrose whereas beta-fructofuranosidase activity could not be detected under similar conditions. Maltase I and II were shown to be unglycosylated enzymes by neutral sugar assay, and more than 90% of alpha-glucosidase activity was recoverable from spheroplasts. These data, in combination with other results from this laboratory [Geber, Williamson, Rex, Sweeney and Bennett (1992) J. Bacteriol. 174, 6992-6996] showing lack of a plausible leader sequence in genomic or mRNA transcripts, suggest an intracellular localization of the enzyme. To establish further the mechanism of sucrose assimilation by maltase, the existence of a sucrose-inducible H+/sucrose syn-transporter was demonstrated by (1) the kinetics of sucrose-induced [14C]sucrose uptake, (2) recovery of intact [14C]sucrose from ground cells by t.l.c. and (3) transport of 0.83 mol of H+/mol of [14C]sucrose. In total, the above is consistent with a mechanism whereby sucrose is transported into C. albicans to be hydrolysed by an intracellular maltase.

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Sarkhosh, Ali. "Cultivo de ciruelas en Florida." EDIS 2020, no. 2 (May 4, 2020): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-hs1364-2020.

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Las ciruelas podrían ser un cultivo potencial para los productores y propietarios de viviendas en Florida y otras áreas de invierno templado en toda la costa del Golfo, pero muchas variedades de ciruelas de la costa oeste no funcionarán de manera consistente en Florida para producir fruta. Sin embargo, el programa de mejoramiento de fruta de hueso de la Universidad de Florida ha desarrollado cultivares que mejoran el potencial para el cultivo de ciruelas en Florida y otras áreas de invierno templado que tienen alta presión de enfermedades. Estos cultivares se recomiendan para probar en Florida. Los nombres de todos los cultivares de ciruela de la Universidad de Florida comienzan con el prefijo ‘Gulf’. Estos cultivares son ciruelas de tipo japonés (Prunus salicina Lindl.) y tienen resistencia al escaldado de hojas de ciruela (Xylella fastidiosa) y a la bacteriosis o cribado (Xanthomonas campestris). El tamaño del fruto es satisfactorio (aproximadamente 1½ a 2 pulgadas de diámetro) con buena calidad del fruto. Maduran a principios o finales de mayo, aproximadamente dos semanas antes de que las ciruelas de otras áreas lleguen al mercado. This new 14-page fact sheet is the Spanish translation of HS895/HS250, Growing Plums in Florida, written by A. Sarkhosh, M. Olmstead, E. P. Miller, P. C. Andersen, and J. G. Williamson, translated by Tatiana Sanchez, and published by the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1364

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Khanduker, Adeeba, KM Shahidul Islam, Lovely Barai, Sk Shehab Hasan, Mufradul Islam Rafi, and Md Robiul Islam Rubel. "Environmental surface sampling for qualitative & quantitative detection of microbial burden in high risk areas of three hospitals in Dhaka city." Bangladesh Journal of Medical Microbiology 15, no. 1 (January 31, 2021): 15–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjmm.v15i1.57807.

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Background and objectives: Acquiring infection from intensive care units & operation theatres is considered as a significant public health problem around the world. Microbial burden may vary across different ICUs and OTs, albeit these sectors remain underexplored especially in resource poor country. Purpose of the study was qualitative and quantitative assessment of microbial burden in ICUs and OTs’ environmental surfaces of three tertiary care hospitals in Dhaka city. Materials and methods: The study was conducted in the department of Microbiology, BIRDEM General Hospital. A total 232 environmental surface swab samples & 86 hand & nasal swab samples of ICU staffs were collected from the selected three hospitals. The samples were processed according to standard operating procedures. Results: Highest bacterial load from inanimate surface was found on sinks (155 CFU/cm²), ICU bedrails (7.56 ± 0.76 CFU/cm²) and OT sandals (66 CFU/cm²). Pathogenic isolates were found more in ICUs & non-pathogenic isolates were found more in OTs. Among the non-pathogens, Micrococcus spp. (37.8%) and Bacillus spp. (19.8%) were found from OTs. Among the pathogens, Acinetobacter spp. was predominant (21.2%) followed by Pseudomonas spp. (19.2%) in the ICUs. Overall cleanliness & hygiene status of Hospital ‘A’ & ‘C’ were found unacceptable whereas Hospital ‘B’ was found marginally bearable/tolerable. Conclusion: It could be inferred from the study that health care workers and environmental surface contaminations with MDR pathogens are a definitive risk factor for the indoor patients. Routine sampling to assess bioburden in high risk areas of hospital should be done regularly for identification & correction of the weakness of ongoing infection control protocol. Bangladesh J Med Microbiol 2021; 15 (1): 15-25

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SHARP, CARLA. "A Generation at Risk: The Global Impact of HIV/AIDS on Orphans and Vulnerable Children. Edited by G. Foster, C. Levine and J. Williamson. (Pp. 332; $34.99; ISBN 0521652642.) Cambridge, MA, USA: Cambridge University Press. 2005." Psychological Medicine 38, no. 8 (May 9, 2008): 1211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708003541.

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BAXTER, L. "Low-dose oral contraceptives and hypertension riskTsai C, Williamson O, Kirkland B, et al: Low-dose oral contraception and blood pressure in women with a past history of elevated blood pressure.Am J Obstet Gynecol151:28, 1985." Journal of Nurse-Midwifery 30, no. 3 (May 1985): 181. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0091-2182(85)90290-3.

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Rajamuni, Methma M., Mark C. Thompson, and Kerry Hourigan. "Transverse flow-induced vibrations of a sphere." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 837 (January 5, 2018): 931–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.881.

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Flow-induced vibration of an elastically mounted sphere was investigated computationally for the classic case where the sphere motion was constrained to move in a direction transverse to the free stream. This study, therefore, provides additional insight into, and comparison with, corresponding experimental studies of transverse motion, and distinction from numerical and experimental studies with specific constraints such as tethering (Williamson & Govardhan, J. Fluids Struct., vol. 11, 1997, pp. 293–305) or motion in all three directions (Behara et al., J. Fluid Mech., vol. 686, 2011, pp. 426–450). Two sets of simulations were conducted by fixing the Reynolds number at $Re=300$ or 800 over the reduced velocity ranges $3.5\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 100$ and $3\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 50$ respectively. The reduced mass of the sphere was kept constant at $m_{r}=1.5$ for both sets. The flow satisfied the incompressible Navier–Stokes equations, while the coupled sphere motion was modelled by a spring–mass–damper system, with damping set to zero. The sphere showed a highly periodic large-amplitude vortex-induced vibration response over a lower reduced velocity range at both Reynolds numbers considered. This response was designated as branch A, rather than the initial/upper or mode I/II branch, in order to allow it to be discussed independently from the observed experimental response at higher Reynolds numbers which shows both similarities and differences. At $Re=300$, it occurred over the range $5.5\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 10$, with a maximum oscillation amplitude of ${\approx}0.4D$. On increasing the Reynolds number to 800, this branch widened to cover the range $4.5\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 13$ and the oscillation amplitude increased (maximum amplitude ${\approx}0.6D$). In terms of wake dynamics, within this response branch, two streets of interlaced hairpin-type vortex loops were formed behind the sphere. The upper and lower sets of vortex loops were disconnected, as were their accompanying tails. The wake maintained symmetry relative to the plane defined by the streamwise and sphere motion directions. The topology of this wake structure was analogous to that seen experimentally at higher Reynolds numbers by Govardhan & Williamson (J. Fluid Mech., vol. 531, 2005, pp. 11–47). At even higher reduced velocities, the sphere showed distinct oscillatory behaviour at both Reynolds numbers examined. At $Re=300$, small but non-negligible oscillations were found to occur (amplitude of ${\approx}0.05D$) within the reduced velocity ranges $13\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 16$ and $26\leqslant U^{\ast }\leqslant 100$, named branch B and branch C respectively. Moreover, within these reduced velocity ranges, the centre of motion of the sphere shifted from its static position. In contrast, at $Re=800$, the sphere showed an aperiodic intermittent mode IV vibration state immediately beyond branch A, for $U^{\ast }\geqslant 14$. This vibration state was designated as the intermittent branch. Interestingly, the dominant frequency of the sphere vibration was close to the natural frequency of the system, as observed by Jauvtis et al. (J. Fluids Struct., vol. 15(3), 2001, pp. 555–563) in higher-mass-ratio higher-Reynolds-number experiments. The oscillation amplitude increased as the reduced velocity increased and reached a value of ${\approx}0.9D$ at $U^{\ast }=50$. The wake was irregular, with multiple vortex shedding cycles during each cycle of sphere oscillation.

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Alfonso F., Alfonso F. "Los designios de la política comercial de Chile: adecuaciones mediante y pragmatismo en las medidas legislativas, 1850-1914." 3 29, no. 3 (July 1, 2022): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18232/1314.

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Accominotti, O. y Flandreau, M. (2008). Bilateral treaties and the most-favored-nation clause: the myth of trade liberalization in the nineteenth century. World Politics, 60(2), 147-188. doi: 10.1353/wp.0.0010 Anguita, R. (1913). Leyes promulgadas en Chile desde 1810 hasta el 1 de junio de 1913. Santiago de Chile: Imprenta, Litografía i Encuadernación Barcelona. Bairoch, P. (1989). European trade policy, 1815-1914. En P. Mathias y S. Pollard (eds.), The cambridge economic history of europe from the decline of the roman empire: vol. 8. The industrial economies: the development of economic and social policies (pp. 1-160). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Baldwin, R. (2016). The great convergence: information technology and the new globalization. Cambridge: The Belknap Press of Harvard University Press. Bértola, L., y J. Williamson (2006). Globalization in Latin America Before 1940. En V. Bulmer-Thomas, J. Coatsworth y R. Cortés Conde (eds.), The Cambridge Economic History of Latin America. Vol. 2: The Long Twentieth Century (pp. 11–56). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Bulmer-Thomas, V. (1998). British trade with Latin America in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Institute of Latin American Studies Occasional Papers, 19, 1-26. Bulmer-Thomas, V. (2014). The economic history of Latin America since independence. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. Cariola, C. y Sunkel, O. (1982). La historia económica de Chile 1830 y 1930: dos ensayos y una bibliografía. Madrid: Instituto de Cooperación Iberoamericana. Centeno, M. (1997). Blood and debt: war and taxation in nineteenth‐century Latin America. American Journal of Sociology, 102(6), 1565-1605. doi: 10.1086/231127 Coatsworth, J. y Williamson, J. (2004). Always protectionist? Latin American tariffs from independence to great depression. Journal of Latin American Studies, 36(2), 205-232. doi: 10.1017/S0022216X04007412 Cortés, H., Butelmann, A. y Videla, P. (1981). Proteccionismo en Chile: una visión retrospectiva. Cuadernos de Economía, 18(54-55), 141-194. Courcelle-Seneuil, J. G. (1856). Examen comparativo de la tarifa i lejislacion aduanera de Chile con las de Francia, Gran Bretaña i Estados-Unidos. Santiago: Imprenta Nacional. Couyoumdjian, J. Pablo. (2015). Importando modernidad. La evolución del pensamiento económico en Chile en el siglo xix. Historia, 1(48), 43-75. Díaz, J., Lüders. R. y Wagner, G. (2016). Chile 1810-2010. La República en cifras. Historical statistics. Santiago: Ediciones Universidad Católica de Chile. Díaz, J. y Wagner, G. (2004). Política comercial: instrumentos y antecedentes. Chile en los siglos xix y xx (Documento de trabajo núm. 23; pp. 1-158). Santiago: Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. Encina, F. A. (1912). Nuestra inferioridad económica. Sus causas, sus consecuencias. Santiago de Chile: Universitaria. Evenett, S. y Fritz, J. (2020). The global trade alert database handbook. Manuscrito, 14 de julio de 2020. Grossman, G. M. (2016). The purpose of trade agreements. En Handbook of commercial policy (vol. 1, pp. 379-434). Ámsterdam: Elsevier. doi: 10.1016/bs.hescop.2016.04.016 Helleiner, G. (1972). Comercio internacional y desarrollo económico. Madrid: Alianza. Humud, C. (1974). Política económica chilena desde 1830 a 1930. Estudios de Economía, 1(1), 1-122. Kindleberger, C. (1975). The rise of free trade in Western Europe, 1820-1875. The Journal of Economic History, 35(1), 20-55. doi: 10.1017/S0022050700094298 Lira, J. (1880). La lejislacion chilena no codificada. Coleccion de leyes i decretos vijentes i de interes jeneral. Santiago de Chile: El Correo. Llorca-Jaña, M. y Navarrete-Montalvo, J. (2017). The Chilean economy during the 1810-1830s and its entry into the world economy. Bulletin of Latin American Research, 36(3), 354-369. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/blar.12482 López, E. (2014). El proceso de construcción estatal en Chile: Hacienda pública y burocracia (1817-1860). Santiago de Chile: dibam. Loveman, B. (2001). Chile: the legacy of Hispanic capitalism. Nueva York: Oxford University Press. Martner, D. (1923). Estudio de la política comercial e historia económica nacional (vol. 1). Santiago, Chile: Universitaria. Ortega, L. (2018). Chile en ruta al capitalismo: cambio, euforia y depresión, 1850-1880. Santiago: lom Ediciones. Pahre, R. (2007). Politics and trade cooperation in the nineteenth century the agreeable customs of 1815-1914. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press. Pinedo, J. (2005). El pensamiento de los ensayistas y cientistas sociales en los largos años 60 en Chile (1958-1973): los herederos de Francisco A. Encina. Atenea, 492, 69-120. Pinto, J. y Salazar, G. (2002). Historia contemporánea de Chile. Santiago: lom Ediciones. Prados de la Escosura, L. (2009). Lost decades? Economic performance in post-independence Latin America. Journal of Latin American Studies, 41(2), 279-307. doi: 10.1017/S0022216X09005574 Rayes, A., Castro, R. e Ibarra, F. (2020). Números oscuros. La valoración de las importaciones argentinas, c. 1870-1913. Revista Uruguaya de Historia Económica, 10(17), 25-48. doi: 10.47003/RUHE/10.17.02 Rodríguez, M. (1892). Lejislación aduanera: Compilación de leyes i disposiciones vijentes i de interes jeneral, relativas al rejimen de las Aduanas de la República. Santiago de Chile: Gutenberg. Rodríguez, Z. (1886). De nuestra inferioridad económica. Causas. Revista Económica. Rodríguez, Z. (1887). De nuestra inferioridad económica. Remedios. Revista Económica. Rogowski, R. (1989). Commerce and coalitions: how trade affects domestic political alignments. Nueva Jersey: Princeton University Press. Salazar, G. (2009). Mercaderes, empresarios y capitalistas: (Chile, siglo xix). Santiago de Chile: Sudamericana. Sater, W. (1991). Nacionalismo económico y reforma tributaria a fines del siglo xix en Chile. Estudios de Economía, 18(2), 216-244. Semmel, B. (2004). The rise of free trade imperialism classical political economy, the empire of free trade and imperialism, 1750-1850. Nueva York: Cambridge University Press. Tena-Junguito, A., Lampe, M. y Fernandes, F. (2012). How much trade liberalization was there in the world before and after Cobden-Chevalier? The Journal of Economic History, 72(3), 708-740. Veliz, C. (1963). La mesa de tres patas. Desarrollo Económico, 3(1-2), 231-247. Villalobos, S. y Sagredo, R. (2004). Los estancos en Chile. Santiago: Fiscalía Nacional Económica.

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Hentati, Faiez, Cédric Delattre, Christine Gardarin, Jacques Desbrières, Didier Le Cerf, Christophe Rihouey, Philippe Michaud, Slim Abdelkafi, and Guillaume Pierre. "Structural Features and Rheological Properties of a Sulfated Xylogalactan-Rich Fraction Isolated from Tunisian Red Seaweed Jania adhaerens." Applied Sciences 10, no. 5 (March 1, 2020): 1655. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10051655.

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A novel sulfated xylogalactan-rich fraction (JSP for J. adhaerens Sulfated Polysaccharide) was extracted from the red Tunisian seaweed Jania adhaerens. JSP was purified using an alcoholic precipitation process and characterized by Attenuated Total Reflectance-Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), high-pressure size exclusion chromatography (HPSEC) with a multi-angle laser light scattering (MALLS), gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR, 1D and 2D). JSP was then evaluated regarding its physicochemical and rheological properties. Results showed that JSP was mainly composed of an agar-like xylogalactan sharing the general characteristics of corallinans. The structure of JSP was mainly composed of agaran disaccharidic repeating units (→3)-β-d-Galp-(1,4)-α-l-Galp-(1→)n and (→3)-β-d-Galp-(1,4)-3,6-α-l-AnGalp-(1→)n, mainly substituted on O-6 of (1,3)-β-d-Galp residues by β-xylosyl side chains, and less with sulfate or methoxy groups. (1,4)-α-l-Galp residues were also substituted by methoxy and/or sulfate groups in the O-2 and O-3 positions. Mass-average and number-average molecular masses (Mw) and (Mn), intrinsic viscosity ([η]) and hydrodynamic radius (Rh) for JSP were, respectively, 8.0 × 105 g/mol, 1.0 × 105 g/mol, 76 mL/g and 16.8 nm, showing a flexible random coil conformation in solution. The critical overlap concentration C* of JSP was evaluated at 7.5 g/L using the Williamson model. In the semi-diluted regime, JSP solutions displayed a shear-thinning behavior with a great viscoelasticity character influenced by temperature and monovalent salts. The flow characteristics of JSP were described by the Ostwald model.

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De Robertis, Alex, Christopher D. Wilson, Neal J. Williamson, Michael A. Guttormsen, and Sarah Stienessen. "Silent ships sometimes do encounter more fish. 1. Vessel comparisons during winter pollock surveys." ICES Journal of Marine Science 67, no. 5 (February 1, 2010): 985–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp299.

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Abstract De Robertis, A., Wilson, C. D., Williamson, N. J., Guttormsen, M. A., and Stienessen, S. 2010. Silent ships sometimes do encounter more fish. 1. Vessel comparisons during winter pollock surveys. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 67: 985–995. Avoidance of approaching vessels by fish is a major source of uncertainty in surveys of fish stocks. In an effort to minimize vessel avoidance, international standards for underwater-noise emission by research vessels have been established. Despite widespread investment in noise-reduced vessels, the effectiveness of noise reduction on vessel avoidance remains poorly understood. Here, we report on vessel comparisons of pollock abundance recorded by the NOAA ships “Oscar Dyson” (OD), a noise-reduced vessel, and “Miller Freeman” (MF), a conventionally designed vessel. The comparisons were made during three acoustic surveys of prespawning aggregations of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in Alaska. The experiments demonstrate that a noise-reduced vessel will detect significantly more fish backscatter than a conventional vessel in some situations. OD detected 31% more pollock backscatter than MF in the Shumagin Islands, where pollock were distributed between 100 and 200 m deep, and 13% more pollock backscatter in Shelikof Strait, where pollock were primarily distributed 200–300 m deep. However, there was no difference in the Bogoslof Island area where pollock were found at 400–700 m. In the Shumagin and Shelikof areas, the discrepancy between vessels tended to decrease with fish depth, consistent with a decreasing response to a stimulus propagating from the surface. Analysis of the depth distributions of pollock supports the conclusion that the discrepancies in backscatter stem from differential behavioural responses to the two vessels.

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De Robertis, Alex, Vidar Hjellvik, Neal J. Williamson, and Christopher D. Wilson. "Silent ships do not always encounter more fish: comparison of acoustic backscatter recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel." ICES Journal of Marine Science 65, no. 4 (March 11, 2008): 623–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsn025.

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AbstractDe Robertis, A., Hjellvik, V., Williamson, N. J., and Wilson, C. D. 2008. Silent ships do not always encounter more fish: comparison of acoustic backscatter recorded by a noise-reduced and a conventional research vessel. – ICES Journal of Marine Science, 65: 623–635. The extent to which fish avoid approaching research vessels is an important source of uncertainty in fisheries surveys. Vessels radiate noise at the frequencies where fish hearing is most sensitive, and noise is thus thought to be the primary stimulus for vessel avoidance. In an effort to minimize vessel avoidance, international standards for noise emission by research vessels have been established. Although vessels meeting these criteria are now in service, the effectiveness of noise quietening on vessel avoidance remains poorly understood. The new, noise-reduced, RV “Oscar Dyson” (OD) will augment the conventionally constructed research vessel, “Miller Freeman” (MF) and serve as the primary platform in conducting acoustic surveys of walleye pollock (Theragra chalcogramma) in Alaska. To investigate whether noise-reduction measures result in differential avoidance, which would bias the pollock abundance time-series, we conducted an inter-vessel comparison of acoustic backscatter recorded by OD and MF during a survey of walleye pollock in 2006 in the eastern Bering Sea. Overall, we found no evidence for differences in vessel avoidance that would impact the echo integration results of adult pollock. Analysis of pollock depth distributions from both vessels suggests that there is a comparatively greater diving response to OD, with the reaction taking place primarily after the vessel has passed and for fish shallower than 90 m. Given that the change in vertical distribution is after the fish have been detected by the echosounder, this reaction should not influence echo-integration measurements. The results indicate that use of the OD rather than the MF is unlikely to bias the Bering Sea survey time-series through changes in vessel avoidance by adult walleye pollock.

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Trappe, Scott, Michael Godard, Philip Gallagher, Chad Carroll, Greg Rowden, and David Porter. "Resistance training improves single muscle fiber contractile function in older women." American Journal of Physiology-Cell Physiology 281, no. 2 (August 1, 2001): C398—C406. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpcell.2001.281.2.c398.

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The purpose of this study was to 1) examine single cell contractile mechanics of skeletal muscle before and after 12 wk of progressive resistance training (PRT) in older women ( n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr) and 2) to compare these results to our previously completed single cell PRT work with older men ( n = 7; 74 ± 2 yr) (Trappe S, Williamson D, Godard M, Porter D, Rowden G, and Costill D. J Applied Physiol 89:143–152, 2000). Knee extensor PRT was performed 3 days/wk at 80% of one-repetition maximum. Muscle biopsies were obtained from the vastus lateralis before and after the PRT. Chemically skinned single muscle fibers ( n = 313) were studied at 15°C for peak tension (Po), unloaded shortening velocity ( V o), and power. Due to the low number of hybrid fibers identified post-PRT, direct comparisons were limited to MHC I and IIa fibers. Muscle fiber diameter increased 24% (90 ± 2 to 112 ± 6 μm; P < 0.05) in MHC I fibers with no change in MHC IIa fibers. Po increased ( P< 0.05) 33% in MHC I (0.76 ± 0.04 to 1.01 ± 0.09 mN) and 14% in MHC IIa (0.73 ± 0.04 to 0.83 ± 0.05 mN) fibers. Muscle fiber V o was unaltered in both fiber types with PRT. MHC I and IIa fiber power increased ( P< 0.05) 50% [11 ± 2 to 17 ± 2 μN · fiber length (FL) · s−1] and 25% (40 ± 8 to 51 ± 6 μN · FL · s−1), respectively. However, when peak power was normalized to cell size, no pre- to postimprovements were observed. These data indicate that PRT in elderly women increases muscle cell size, strength, and peak power in both slow and fast muscle fibers, which was similar to the older men. However, in contrast to the older men, no change in fiber V o or normalized power was observed in the older women. These data suggest that older men and women respond differently at the muscle cell level to the same resistance-training stimulus.

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Steckenrider, Janie S. "Justice between Generations: The Growing Power of the Elderly in America. By Matthew C. Price. Westport, CT: Greenwood, 1997. 184p. $55.00. - The Senior Rights Movement: Framing the Policy Debate in America. By Lawrence A. Powell, John B. Williamson, and Kenneth J. Branco. New York: Twayne, 1996. 259p. $28.95." American Political Science Review 93, no. 1 (March 1999): 211–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2585789.

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Clarke, Allison, and Christina Fiorvanti. "Meeting families where they sleep: a collaborative approach to improving sleep health for urban childrenCommentary on Williamson AA, Okoroji C, Cicalese O, et al. Sleep Well! An adapted behavioral sleep intervention implemented in urban primary care. J Clin Sleep Med . 2022;18(4):1153–1166. doi: 10.5664/jcsm.9822." Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine 18, no. 4 (April 2022): 971–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5664/jcsm.9932.

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Goryachko, Alexander Ivanovich, Sergey Nikolaevich Ivanin, and Vladimir Yurievich Buzko. "Synthesis, Microstructural and Electromagnetic Characteristics of Cobalt-Zinc Ferrite." Kondensirovannye sredy i mezhfaznye granitsy = Condensed Matter and Interphases 22, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17308/kcmf.2020.22/3115.

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In this study, cobalt-zinc ferrite (Co0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4) was obtained by the glycine-nitrate method followed by annealing in a high-temperature furnace at a temperature of 1300 °С. The qualitative composition and its microstructural characteristics were determined using energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, and scanning electron microscopy.The analysis of the micrographs demonstrated that the cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder obtained after thermal annealing has an average particle size of 1.7±1 μm. The analysis of XRD data showed that the annealed cobalt-zinc ferrite micropowder has a cubic crystal structure with a lattice parameter of a = 8.415 Å. Using the Scherrer and Williamson-Hall equations we calculated the average sizes of the coherent scattering regions, which were commensurate with the size of crystallites: according to the Scherrer equation D = 28.26 nm and according to the Williamson-Hall equation D = 33.59 nm and the microstress value e = 5.62×10–4 in the ferrite structure.Using a vector network analyser, the electromagnetic properties of a composite material based on synthesized cobalt-zinc ferrite were determined. The frequency dependences of the magnetic and dielectric permeability values from the measured S-parameters of the composite material (50% ferrite filler by weight and 50% paraffin) were determined using the Nicolson-Ross-Weir method and were in the range of 0.015–7 GHz. The analysis of the graphs of the dependence of the magnetic permeability on the frequency of electromagnetic radiation revealed a resonance frequency of fr ≈ 2.3 GHz. The discoveredmagnetic resonance in the UHF range allows the obtained material to be considered as being promising for use as an effective absorber of electromagnetic radiation in the range of 2–2.5 GHz. References 1. Thakur P., Chahar D., Taneja S., Bhalla N. andThakur A. A review on MnZn ferrites: Synthesis,characterization and applications. CeramicsInternational. 2020;46(10): 15740–15763. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2020.03.2872. Pullar R. C. Hexagonal ferrites: A review of thesynthesis, properties and applications of hexaferriteceramics. Progress in Materials Science. 2012;57(7):1191–1334. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pmatsci.2012.04.0013. Kharisov B. I., Dias H. V. R., Kharissova O. V.Mini-review: Ferrite nanoparticles in the catalysis.Arabian Journal of Chemistry. 2019;12(7): 1234–1246.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2014.10.0494. Stergiou C. Microstructure and electromagneticproperties of Ni-Zn-Co ferrite up to 20 GHz. Advancesin Materials Science and Engineering. 2016;2016: 1–7.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1155/2016/19347835. Economos G. Magnetic ceramics: I, Generalmethods of magnetic ferrite preparation. Journal of theAmerican Ceramic Society. 1955;38(7): 241–244. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14938.x6. Yurkov G. Y., Shashkeev K. A., Kondrashov S. V.,Popkov O. V., Shcherbakova G. I., Zhigalov D. V.,Pankratov D. A., Ovchenkov E. A., Koksharov Y. A.Synthesis and magnetic properties of cobalt ferritenanoparticles in polycarbosilane ceramic matrix.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2016;686: 421–430.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2016.06.0257. Karakaş Z. K., Boncukçuoğlu R., Karakaş İ. H.The effects of fuel type in synthesis of NiFe2O4nanoparticles by microwave assisted combustionmethod. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 2016;707: 012046. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/707/1/0120468. Shirsath S. E., Jadhav S. S., Mane M. L., Li S.Handbook of sol-gel science and technology. Springer,Cham.; 2016. p. 1–41. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-19454-7_125-19. Vyzulin S. A., Kalikintseva D. A., MiroshnichenkoE. L., Buz’ko V. Y., Goryachko A. I. Microwaveabsorption properties of nickel–zinc ferritessynthesized by different means. Bulletin of the RussianAcademy of Sciences: Physics. 2018;82(8): 943–945.DOI: https://doi.org/10.3103/s106287381808043910. Janasi S. R., Emura M., Landgraf F. J. G.,Rodrigues D. The effects of synthesis variables on themagnetic properties of coprecipitated barium ferritepowders. Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials.2002;238(2-3): 168–172. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(01)00857-511. Ahmed Y. M. Z. Synthesis of manganese ferritefrom non-standard raw materials using ceramictechnique. Ceramics International. 2010;36(3): 969–977. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2009.11.02012. Mahadule R. K., Arjunwadkar P. R., MahaboleM. P. Synthesis and characterization ofCaxSryBa1–x–yFe12–zLazO19 by standard ceramic method.International Journal of Metals. 2013;2013: 1–7. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/19897013. Tarța V. F., Chicinaş I., Marinca T. F.,Neamţu B. V., Popa F., Prica C. V. Synthesis of thenanocrystalline/nnosized NiFe2O4 powder by ceramicmethod and mechanical milling. Solid State Phenomena.2012;188: 27–30. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.188.2714. Pradhan A. K., Saha S., Nath T. K. AC and DCelectrical conductivity, dielectric and magneticproperties of Co0.65Zn0.35Fe2−xMoxO4 (x = 0.0, 0.1 and 0.2)ferrites. Applied Physics A. 2017;123(11): 715. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00339-017-1329-z15. Low Z. H., Ismail I., Tan K. S. Sinteringprocessing of complex magnetic ceramic oxides: Acomparison between sintering of bottom-up approachsynthesis and mechanochemical process of top-downapproach synthesis. Sintering Technology - Method andApplication. Malin Liu (ed.). 2018: 25–43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.7865416. Costa A. C. F. M., Morelli M. R., KiminamiR. H. G. A. Combustion synthesis: Effect of urea onthe reaction and characteristics of Ni–Zn ferritepowders. Journal of Materials Synthesis and Processing.2001; 9(6): 347–352. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1023/A:101635662340117. Maleknejad Z., Gheisari K., Raouf A. H.Structure, microstructure, magnetic, electromagnetic,and dielectric properties of nanostructured Mn–Znferrite synthesized by microwave-induced urea–nitrate process. Journal of Superconductivity and NovelMagnetism. 2016;29(10): 2523–2534. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10948-016-3572-518. Jalaiah K., Chandra Mouli K., Vijaya Babu K.,Krishnaiah R.V. The structural, DC resistivity andmagnetic properties of Mg and Zr Co-substitutedNi0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4. Journal of Science: Advanced Materialsand Devices. 2018;4(2): 310–318 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsamd.2018.12.00419. Yue Z., Zhou J., Li L., Zhang H., Gui Z. Synthesisof nanocrystalline NiCuZn ferrite powders by sol–gelauto-combustion method. Journal of Magnetism andMagnetic Materials. 2000;208(1-2): 55–60. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0304-8853(99)00566-120. Chick L. A., Pederson L. R., Maupin G. D.,Bates J. L., Thomas L. E., Exarhos G. J. Glycine-nitratecombustion synthesis of oxide ceramic powders.Materials Letters. 1990;10(1-2): 6–12. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/0167-577x(90)90003-521. Salunkhe A. B., Khot V. M., Phadatare M. R.,Pawar S. H. Combustion synthesis of cobalt ferritenanoparticles—Influence of fuel to oxidizer ratio.Journal of Alloys and Compounds. 2012;514: 91–96.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jallcom.2011.10.09422. Martinson K. D., Cherepkova I. A., Sokolov V. V.Formation of cobalt ferrite nanoparticles via glycine-nitrate combustion and their magnetic properties.Glass Physics and Chemistry. 2018;44(1): 21–25.DOI: https://doi.org/10.1134/s108765961801009123. Kuzmin V. A., Zagrai I. A. A comprehensivestudy of combustion products generated from pulverizedpeat combustion in the furnace of BKZ-210-140Fsteam boiler. Journal of Physics: Conference Series.2017;891: 012226. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/891/1/01222624. Maleki A., Hosseini N., Taherizadeh A. Synthesisand characterization of cobalt ferrite nanoparticlesprepared by the glycine-nitrate process. Ceramics International.2018;44(7): 8576–8581. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2018.02.06325. Waje S. B., Hashim M., Wan Yusoff W. D., AbbasZ. Sintering temperature dependence of roomtemperature magnetic and dielectric properties ofCo0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 prepared using mechanically alloyednanoparticles. Journal of Magnetism and MagneticMaterials. 2010;322(6): 686–691. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmmm.2009.10.04126. Nicolson A. M., Ross G. F. Measurement of theintrinsic properties of materials by time-domain techniques.IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation andMeasurement. 1970;19(4): 377–382. 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Akmal, Yenina, Hikmah, Astari, and Ichtineza Halida Hardono. "Preparing for Parenthood; Parenting Training Module on six Child Development Aspect in East Jakarta." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 13, no. 2 (December 12, 2019): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.132.12.

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The age period of 0-8 years is the most important moment for every human being to develop all the developmental features supported by parents at home and teachers / tutors at the Early Childhood Education Institute (ECE). In parenting, six main aspects must be known and applied by each parent. Lack of education, nutritional knowledge, care and care, and aspects of clean-living habits in the family can have an impact on children's growth and development processes. This study aims to develop a module 6 aspects of child development for parental guidance. This study uses a research and development approach to test the effectiveness of the posttest design. Respondents in this study are parents who have children up to 5 years and early childhood educators. The findings show that from these six main aspects, it seems that parents and ECE tutors do not yet understand the ECE concept. In another perspective, there is still a lack of knowledge about these 6 main aspects which require training and parenting modules to develop the 6 aspects of child development. Keywords: Early Childhood Education, Child Development Aspect, Parenting Training Module References: Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Jakarta: Asdi Mahasatya. Britto, P. R., Lye, S. J., Proulx, K., Yousafzai, A. K., Matthews, S. G., Vaivada, T., … Bhutta, Z. A. (2017). Nurturing care: promoting early childhood development. The Lancet, 389(10064), 91–102. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31390-3 Coore Desai, C., Reece, J. A., & Shakespeare-Pellington, S. (2017). The prevention of violence in childhood through parenting programmes: a global review. Psychology, Health and Medicine, 22(February), 166–186. https://doi.org/10.1080/13548506.2016.1271952 Darling-Churchill, K. E., & Lippman, L. (2016). Early childhood social and emotional development: Advancing the field of measurement. Journal of Applied Developmental Psychology, 45, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appdev.2016.02.002 Davis, S., Votruba-Drzal, E., & Silk, J. S. (2015). Trajectories of Internalizing Symptoms From Early Childhood to Adolescence: Associations With Temperament and Parenting. Social Development, 24(3), 501–520. https://doi.org/10.1111/sode.12105 Đorđić, V., Tubić, T., & Jakšić, D. (2016). The Relationship between Physical, Motor, and Intellectual Development of Preschool Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 233(May), 3–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.114 Eisenberg, N., Taylor, Z. E., Widaman, K. F., & Spinrad, T. L. (2015). Externalizing symptoms, effortful control, and intrusive parenting: A test of bidirectional longitudinal relations during early childhood. Development and Psychopathology, 27(4), 953–968. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579415000620 Gall, M. D., Gall, J. P., & Borg, W. R. (2007). Educational Research: An Introduction (4th ed.). New York: Longman Inc. Gardner, F., Montgomery, P., & Knerr, W. (2016). Transporting Evidence-Based Parenting Programs for Child Problem Behavior (Age 3–10) Between Countries: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 45(6), 749–762. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1015134 Gilmer, C., Buchan, J. L., Letourneau, N., Bennett, C. T., Shanker, S. G., Fenwick, A., & Smith-Chant, B. (2016). Parent education interventions designed to support the transition to parenthood: A realist review. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 59, 118–133. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2016.03.015 Grindal, T., Bowne, J. B., Yoshikawa, H., Schindler, H. S., Duncan, G. J., Magnuson, K., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2016a). The added impact of parenting education in early childhood education programs: A meta-analysis. Children and Youth Services Review, 70, 238–249. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.09.018 Guyer, A. E., Jarcho, J. M., Pérez-Edgar, K., Degnan, K. A., Pine, D. S., Fox, N. A., & Nelson, E. E. (2015). Temperament and Parenting Styles in Early Childhood Differentially Influence Neural Response to Peer Evaluation in Adolescence. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 43(5), 863–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-015-9973-2 Jones, D. E., Feinberg, M. E., Hostetler, M. L., Roettger, M. E., Paul, I. M., & Ehrenthal, D. B. (2018). Family and Child Outcomes 2 Years After a Transition to Parenthood Intervention. Family Relations, 67(2), 270–286. https://doi.org/10.1111/fare.12309 Jürges, H., Schwarz, A., Cahan, S., & Abdeen, Z. (2019). Child mental health and cognitive development: evidence from the West Bank. Empirica, 46(3), 423–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10663-019-09438-5 Kalland, M., Fagerlund, Å., Von Koskull, M., & Pajulo, M. (2016). Families First: The development of a new mentalization-based group intervention for first-Time parents to promote child development and family health. Primary Health Care Research and Development, 17(1), 3–17. https://doi.org/10.1017/S146342361500016X Knauer, H. A., Ozer, E. J., Dow, W. H., & Fernald, L. C. H. (2019). Parenting quality at two developmental periods in early childhood and their association with child development. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 47, 396–404. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2018.08.009 Kopala-Sibley, D. C., Cyr, M., Finsaas, M. C., Orawe, J., Huang, A., Tottenham, N., & Klein, D. N. (2018). Early Childhood Parenting Predicts Late Childhood Brain Functional Connectivity During Emotion Perception and Reward Processing. Child Development, 00(0), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13126 Kurniah, N., Andreswari, D., & Kusumah, R. G. T. (2019). Achievement of Development on Early Childhood Based on National Education Standard. 295(ICETeP 2018), 351–354. https://doi.org/10.2991/icetep-18.2019.82 Leijten, P., Raaijmakers, M. A. J., Orobio de Castro, B., van den Ban, E., & Matthys, W. (2017). Effectiveness of the Incredible Years Parenting Program for Families with Socioeconomically Disadvantaged and Ethnic Minority Backgrounds. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 46(1), 59–73. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2015.1038823 Lomanowska, A. M., Boivin, M., Hertzman, C., & Fleming, A. S. (2017). Parenting begets parenting: A neurobiological perspective on early adversity and the transmission of parenting styles across generations. Neuroscience, 342, 120–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.09.029 Lucassen, N., Kok, R., Bakermans-Kranenburg, M. J., Van Ijzendoorn, M. H., Jaddoe, V. W. V., Hofman, A., … Tiemeier, H. (2015). Executive functions in early childhood: The role of maternal and paternal parenting practices. British Journal of Developmental Psychology, 33(4), 489–505. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjdp.12112 Molchanov, S. V. (2013). The Moral Development in Childhood. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 86, 615–620. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.623 Morris, A. S., & Williamson, A. C. (2019). Building early social and emotional relationships with infants and toddlers: Integrating research and practice. Building Early Social and Emotional Relationships with Infants and Toddlers: Integrating Research and Practice, 1–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03110-7 Parhomenko, K. (2014). Diagnostic Methods of Socio – Emotional Competence in Children. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 146, 329–333. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.08.142 Rutherford, H. J. V., Wallace, N. S., Laurent, H. K., & Mayes, L. C. (2015). Emotion regulation in parenthood. Developmental Review, 36, 1–14. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dr.2014.12.008 Sheedy, A., & Gambrel, L. E. (2019). Coparenting Negotiation During the Transition to Parenthood: A Qualitative Study of Couples’ Experiences as New Parents. American Journal of Family Therapy, 47(2), 67–86. https://doi.org/10.1080/01926187.2019.1586593 Sitnick, S. L., Shaw, D. S., Gill, A., Dishion, T., Winter, C., Waller, R., … Wilson, M. (2015). Parenting and the Family Check-Up: Changes in Observed Parent-Child Interaction Following Early Childhood Intervention. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 44(6), 970–984. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2014.940623 Sulik, M. J., Blair, C., Mills-Koonce, R., Berry, D., & Greenberg, M. (2015). Early Parenting and the Development of Externalizing Behavior Problems: Longitudinal Mediation Through Children’s Executive Function. Child Development, 86(5), 1588–1603. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.12386 Theise, R., Huang, K. Y., Kamboukos, D., Doctoroff, G. L., Dawson-McClure, S., Palamar, J. J., & Brotman, L. M. (2014). Moderators of Intervention Effects on Parenting Practices in a Randomized Controlled Trial in Early Childhood. Journal of Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, 43(3), 501–509. https://doi.org/10.1080/15374416.2013.833095 UNDP. (2018). Human Development Indices and Indicators. 2018 Statistical Update. United Nations Development Programme, 27(4), 123. Retrieved from http://hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf%0Ahttp://www.hdr.undp.org/sites/default/files/2018_human_development_statistical_update.pdf%0Ahttp://hdr.undp.org/en/2018-update

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Suryana, Dadan, Fitriana Sari Khairma, Novi Engla Sari, Lina, Farida Mayar, and Sri Satria. "Star of The Week Programs Based on Peer Relationship for Children Social Emotional Development." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 288–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.07.

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The influence of family, school and peers on students' emotional social development is very important as a starting point for the design of school activities that will also improve student development in an integral way. The Star of the Week program was developed with the aim of helping students apply the knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed to socialize and understand and manage emotions. This study uses the Thiagarajan model stages, namely define, design, develop, and disseminate (4D). The results of the validity test from the experts show that this program has workable value with 91.1% material aspects, 90% emotional development aspects and 92% presentation aspects. For the practicality test results through teacher questionnaires obtained scores of 90%, and 88.67% through teacher observations of children who are in the high practical category. The results of the program effectiveness test showed a value of 89.08% on children's social-emotional development, because it showed an increase in values before and after the intervention. The implication of further research is that it is hoped that various kinds of learning methods will develop aspects of child development based on cooperation and peer relationships. Keywords: Early Childhood, Peer Relationships, Star of the Week Program, Social Emotional References Acar, I. H., Hong, S. Y., & Wu, C. R. (2017). Examining the role of teacher presence and scaffolding in preschoolers’ peer interactions. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(6), 866–884. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1380884 Acar, I. H., Rudasill, K. M., Molfese, V., Torquati, J., & Prokasky, A. (2015). Temperament and preschool children’s peer interactions. Early Education and Development, 26(4), 479–495. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2015.1000718 Akhir, K., & Wisz, M. S. (2018). Sustainostic Nusantara : Managing marine plastic debris for sustainable tourism in the ‘ New Bali ’ of Indonesia (4.0). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.7287/peerj.preprints.26747v1 | Alwaely, S. A., Yousif, N. B. A., & Mikhaylov, A. (2020). Emotional development in preschoolers and socialization. Early Child Development and Care, 0(0), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1717480 Asher, S. R., & Parker, J. G. (1989). Significance of Peer Relationship Problems in Childhood. In Social Competence in Developmental Perspective, 5–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-2442-0_1 Beazidou, E., & Botsoglou, K. (2016). Peer acceptance and friendship in early childhood: the conceptual distinctions between them. Early Child Development and Care, 186(10), 1615–1631. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2015.1117077 Blazevic, I. (2016). Family, Peer and School Influence on Children’s Social Development. World Journal of Education, 6(2), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.5430/wje.v6n2p42 Chung, K. K. H., Lam, C. B., & Liew, J. (2020). Studying Children’s Social-Emotional Development in School and at Home through a Cultural Lens. Early Education and Development, 31(6), 927–929. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2020.1782860 Coelho, L., Torres, N., Fernandes, C., & Santos, A. J. (2017). Quality of play, social acceptance and reciprocal friendship in preschool children. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 25(6), 812–823. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2017.1380879 Conti-Ramsden, G., Mok, P., Durkin, K., Pickles, A., Toseeb, U., & Botting, N. (2019). Do emotional difficulties and peer problems occur together from childhood to adolescence? The case of children with a history of developmental language disorder (DLD). European Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 28(7), 993–1004. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-018-1261-6 Di Maggio, R., Zappulla, C., Pace, U., & Izard, C. E. (2017). 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Social Competence, Social Support, and Academic Achievement in Minority, Low-Income, Urban Elementary School Children. School Psychology Quarterly, 23(4), 474–495. https://doi.org/10.1037/1045-3830.23.4.474 Fajriyah, L. (2018). Pengembangan Literasi Emergen Pada Anak Usia Dini. Proceedings of the ICECRS, 165–172. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.21070/picecrs.v1i3.1394 Forrest, C. L., Gibson, J. L., Halligan, S. L., & St Clair, M. C. (2018). A longitudinal analysis of early language difficulty and peer problems on later emotional difficulties in adolescence: Evidence from the Millennium Cohort Study. Autism & Developmental Language Impairments, 3, 239694151879539. https://doi.org/10.1177/2396941518795392 Hartup, W. W. (1992). Peer Relations in Early and Middle Childhood. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-0694-6_11 Hernández, Y. C. U., Núñez, E. F. D., Inga-Arias, M., & Lozada, O. R. (2020). Early stimulation and emotional intelligence and its incidence in communication learning at the initial level. International Journal of Early Childhood Special Education,12(1), 433–441. https://doi.org/10.9756/INT-JECSE/V12I1.201023 Khoiruddin, M. A. (2018). Perkembangan Anak Ditinjau dari Kemampuan Sosial Emosional. Jurnal Pemikiran Keislaman, 29(2), 425–438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.33367/tribakti.v29i2.624 Kim, J., & Cicchetti, D. (2010). Longitudinal pathways linking child maltreatment, emotion regulation. J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 51(6), 706–716. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2009.02202.x.Longitudinal Kompri. (2016). Motivasi Pembelajaran Perspektif Guru dan Siswa. PT Remaja Rosdakarya. Krauthamer Ewing, E. S., Herres, J., Dilks, K. E., Rahim, F., & Trentacosta, C. J. (2019). Understanding of Emotions and Empathy: Predictors of Positive Parenting with Preschoolers in Economically Stressed Families. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(5), 1346–1358. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-018-01303-6 Lane, J. D., & Shepley, C. (2019). Research to Practice: Promoting Academic and Social Behaviors in a Small Group. Journal of Early Intervention, 41(4), 279–282. https://doi.org/10.1177/1053815116643833 Lojk, M., & Adolfsson, M. (2017). Promoting peer interactions of preschool children with behavior problems A Systematic Literature Review. Magdalena, S. M. (2013). Social and emotional competence - predictors of school adjustment. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 29–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.068 Maslow, A. (1984). Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Teori Motivasi dengan Ancangar Hirarki Kebutuhan Manusia. Gramedia Pustaka Utama. Mayar, F. (2013). Perkembangan Sosial Anak Usia Dini Sebagai Bibit Untuk Masa Depan Bangsa. AL-Ta Lim, 20(3), 459–464. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.15548/jt.v20i3.43 McCormac, M. E., & Snyder, S. (2019). Districtwide Initiative to Improve Tier 1 With Evidence-Based Classroom Lessons. Professional School Counseling, 22(1b), 2156759X1983443. https://doi.org/10.1177/2156759x19834438 Moberly, D. A., Waddle, J. L., & Duff, R. E. (2014). Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education The use of rewards and punishment in early childhood classrooms The use of rewards and punishment in early childhood classrooms. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/1090102050250410 Moore, J. E., Cooper, B. R., Domitrovich, C. E., Morgan, N. R., Cleveland, M. J., Shah, H., Jacobson, L., & Greenberg, M. T. (2015). The effects of exposure to an enhanced preschool program on the social-emotional functioning of at-risk children. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 32, 127–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2015.03.004 Morris, A. S., & Williamson, A. C. (2019). Building early social and emotional relationships with infants and toddlers: Integrating research and practice. Building Early Social and Emotional Relationships with Infants and Toddlers: Integrating Research and Practice, 1–351. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03110-7 Morrison, G. S. (2012). Dasar-dasar Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini (PAUD). Indeks. Nix, R. L., Bierman, K. L., Domitrovich, C. E., & Gill, S. (2013). Promoting Children’s Social-Emotional Skills in Preschool Can Enhance Academic and Behavioral Functioning in Kindergarten: Findings from Head Start REDI. Early Educ Dev, 24(7), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2013.825565.Promoting Nurmalitasari, F. (2015). Perkembangan Sosial Emosi pada Anak Usia Prasekolah. Buletin Psikologi, 23(2), 103. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.22146/bpsi.10567 Ramani, G. B., Brownell, C. A., & Campbell, S. B. (2010). Positive and negative peer interaction in 3- and 4-year-olds in relation to regulation and dysregulation. In Journal of Genetic Psychology (Vol. 171, Issue 3). https://doi.org/10.1080/00221320903300353 Santrock, J. W. (2012). Perkembangan Masa Hidup. Erlangga. Shearer, R. J. B., Domínguez, X., Ell, E. R., Rouse, H. L., & Fantuzzo, J. W. (2010). Relation Between Behavioral Disorders Problems in Classroom Social and Learning Situations and Peer Social Competence in Head Start and kindergarten. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 18(4), 195–210. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1177/1063426609351172 Uslu, F., & Gizir, S. (2017). School belonging of adolescents: The role of teacher–student relationships, peer relationships and family involvement. Kuram ve Uygulamada Egitim Bilimleri, 17(1), 63–82. https://doi.org/10.12738/estp.2017.1.0104 Wang, C., Hatzigianni, M., Shahaeian, A., Murray, E., & Harrison, L. J. (2016). The combined effects of teacher-child and peer relationships on children’s social-emotional adjustment. Journal of School Psychology, 59, 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2016.09.003 Wang, Y., Palonen, T., Hurme, T. R., & Kinos, J. (2019). Do you want to play with me today? Friendship stability among preschool children. European Early Childhood Education Research Journal, 27(2), 170–184. https://doi.org/10.1080/1350293X.2019.1579545 Watanabe, N., Denham, S. A., Jones, N. M., Kobayashi, T., Bassett, H. H., & Ferrier, D. E. (2019). Working Toward Cross-Cultural Adaptation: Preliminary Psychometric Evaluation of the Affect Knowledge Test in Japanese Preschoolers. SAGE Open, 9(2), 2–4. https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244019846688 Westrupp, E. M., Reilly, S., McKean, C., Law, J., Mensah, F., & Nicholson, J. M. (2020). Vocabulary Development and Trajectories of Behavioral and Emotional Difficulties Via Academic Ability and Peer Problems. Child Development, 91(2), e365–e382. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdev.13219 Wilson, L. M., & Corpus, D. A. (2001). The Effects of Reward Systems on Academic Performance. Middle School Journal, 33(1), 56–60. https://doi.org/10.1080/00940771.2001.11495578 Yang, W., Datu, J. A. D., Lin, X., Lau, M. M., & Li, H. (2019). Can Early Childhood Curriculum Enhance Social-Emotional Competence in Low-Income Children? A Meta-Analysis of the Educational Effects. Early Education and Development,30(1), 36–59. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2018.1539557

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Williamson, David, and Tingting Chen. "Linguistic labour: International hospitality employees’ use of non-English native language in service encounters." Hospitality Insights 2, no. 2 (October 25, 2018): 7–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v2i2.42.

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The enduring growth in the international hospitality and tourism sector, in conjunction with an increasingly globalised labour market, has increased the chances of tourists being served by staff using their shared non-English native language. Numerous studies have explored the use of native language in service encounters, with customer perceptions widely investigated [1,2]. However employees’ perspectives of non-English native language use in the servicescape are under-researched. This study is a part of an AUT Master of International Hospitality Management dissertation. The study applied a qualitative methodology, interviewing eight international employees in New Zealand hotels with long-term experience of speaking their non-English native language in service encounters. Results of the study indicated that employees are well aware of the demands for employers to provide customer-oriented service by speaking their non-English native language; however, in any service encounters with customers speaking the same native language, staff have a strong preference for initiating service communication in English. The interviews showed that this preference was a result of workers experiencing considerable concerns, stress and anxiety around the use of their non-English native language. Specifically, a complex series of considerations and decisions occur when staff are faced with customers who might want to use shared non-English native language, suggesting employees experience ‘linguistic labour’, similar to the constructs of emotional [3,4] and aesthetic labour [5]. Participants indicated that the choice of using non-English native language may be passive (i.e. following the lead of a guest who recognises the staff member as a fellow speaker), or proactive when workers recognise a customers’ poor English and use their native language to minimise guest embarrassment. Given the complexity and distinctiveness of each service context, participants suggested they had principles that underpinned their choice of language in the service space. Firstly, that English is the default service language and should be used as such; secondly, that participants did not want to assume guests’ ethnic/language identity and so avoided using their non-English native language; thirdly, participants avoided using non-English native language so as to not be identified as a particular ethnicity. Crucially, participants sought to avoid being ethnically/linguistically pigeonholed, because engaging in shared native language in the servicescape was perceived to lead to significantly increased customer service demands and thus increased workload. In essence, participants stated that using shared language in the service space immediately engaged cultural norms from their home countries that they would rather avoid; notably increased workloads, guest expectations of subservience and a perceived loss of status and respect for the participants. The study makes an original contribution to management studies, showing that managers and owners should consider the impacts of linguistic labour on employees in the servicescape. What can appear as a simple request to speak a certain language can engage employees in a complex process of choices and considerations as they try to avoid the perceived work intensification that comes with speaking their non-English native language. The full dissertation can be accessed here: https://aut.researchgateway.ac.nz/bitstream/handle/10292/10877/ChenT.pdf?sequence=4&isAllowed=y Corresponding author David Williamson can be contacted at: david.williamson@aut.ac.nz References ((1) Holmqvist, J.; Van Vaerenbergh, Y.; Grönroos, C. Consumer Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language: Communication in Service Settings. Management Decision 2014, 52(5), 950–966. http://hdl.handle.net/1854/LU-3214078 (2) Kang, S.-J. Dynamic Emergence of Situational Willingness to Communicate in a Second Language. System 2005, 33(2), 277–292. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2004.10.004 (3) Hochschild, A.R. Emotion Work, Feeling Rules, and Social Structure. American Journal of Sociology 1979, 85(3), 551–575. https://doi.org/10.1086/227049 (4) Hochschild, A.R. The Managed Heart: Commercialization of Human Feeling; University of California Press: Berkeley, CA, 1983. (5) Warhurst, C.; Nickson, D. Employee Experience of Aesthetic Labour in Retail and Hospitality. Work Employment & Society 2007, 21, 103–120. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017007073622

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Pratiwi, Hardiyanti, Ikta Yarliani, Murniyanti Ismail, Rizki Noor Haida, and Noer Asmayanti. "Assessing the Toxic Levels in Parenting Behavior and Coping Strategies Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2020): 231–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jpud.142.03.

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The COVID-19 pandemics have caused a lot of stressors for parents. Apart from doing daily activities, parents also have to take care of their children and accompany them to study. The number of stressors can lead to toxic behavior in parenting. This study aims to measure the level of toxicity in parenting behavior and coping strategies adopted by parents. This study uses quantitative descriptive methods to measure toxic levels in parenting behavior during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 568 parents from Banjarmasin and Yogyakarta participated in this study. The survey results show that several factors can trigger parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic, namely worsening economic conditions, delinquent children, excessive anxiety, accumulated daily hassles, growing family demands, and disputes with spouses. However, some of these stressors do not lead to toxic parenting. The results showed that 97.79% of respondents from Banjarmasin and 95.29% from Yogyakarta showed a low toxic level. The remaining 2.21% of respondents in Banjarmasin and 4.71% of respondents in Yogyakarta indicated a moderate toxic level. Coping strategies are crucial for neutralizing stress. There are several strategies applied, namely trying to consider a problem is God's test, and there is a positive side to every problem; trying to address the source of stress and solving it; Withdrawing and finding individual time; looking for social support from the family and others; crying and releasing it by doing favorite things and capitulate and get back the problem. This Research is expected to be a reference for parents in choosing coping strategies to manage the stress they feel in parenting during the pandemic. Keywords: Toxic parenting; stress trigger, coping strategy; COVID-19 References Abidin, R. R. (1990). Parenting Stress Index (PSI) manual. Psychological Assessment Resources, Inc. Anthony, L. G., Anthony, B. J., Glanville, D. N., Naiman, D. Q., Waanders, C., & Shaffer, S. (2005). The Relationships Between Parenting Stress, Parenting Behaviour and Preschoolers’ Social Competence and Behaviour Problems in the Classroom. Infant and Child Development, 14(2), 133–154. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd Arikunto, S. (2010). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktik. Asdi Mahasatya. Badanes, L. S., Dmitrieva, J., & Watamura, S. E. (2012). Understanding cortisol reactivity across the day at child care: The potential buffering role of secure attachments to caregivers. Early Childhood Research Quarterly, 27(1), 156–165. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.2011.05.005 Belsky, J. (2005). Social-contextual determinants of parenting. In Encyclopaedia on early childhood development. Berlin, L. ., Appleyard, K., & Dodge, K. . (2011). Intergenerational continuity in child maltreatment: mediating mechanisms and implications for prevention. Child Development, 82, 162–176. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.14678624.2010.01547.x Bethell, C. D., Newacheck, P., Hawes, E., & Halfon, N. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences: assessing the impact on health and school engagement and the mitigating role of resilience. Health Affairs, 33(12), 2106–2115. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.2014.0914 Branco, M. S. S., & Linhares, M. B. M. (2018). The toxic stress and its impact on development in the Shonkoff’s Ecobiodevelopmental Theorical approach. Estudos de Psicologia (Campinas), 35(1), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.1590/1982-02752018000100009 Braveman, A. P. (2009). Health disparities beginning in childhood: A life-course perspective. Pediatrics, 124. https://doi.org/10.1542 Caldwell, J. ., Shaver, P. ., Li, C., & Minzenberg, M. . (2011). Childhood maltreatment, adult attachment and depression as predictors of parental self-efficacy in at-risk mothers. Journal Aggress Maltreat Trauma, 20, 595–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/10926771.2011.595763 Cohan, S. ., Jang, K. ., & Stein, M. . (2006). Conﬁrmatory factor analysis of a Short Form of the Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 62. Corrigan, P., McCorkle, B., Schell, B., & Kidder, K. (2003). Religion and spirituality in the lives of people with serious mental illnes. Community Mental Health Journal, 39(6). Crnic, K. ., Gaze, C., & Hoffman, C. (2005). Cumulative parenting stress across the preschool period: relations to maternal parenting and child behavior at age 5. Infant and Child Development, 14, 117–132. https://doi.org/10.1002/icd.384 Daulay, N. (2018). Parenting Stress of Mothers in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review of the Culture in Indonesia. KnE Social Sciences, 3(5), 453. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i5.2349 Davis, N. O., & Carter, A. S. (2008). Parenting stress in mothers and fathers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders: Associations with child characteristics Disorders. Journal of Autism Developmental, 38, 1278–1291. Deater-deckard, K. (1998). Parenting Stress and Child Adjustment : Some Old Hypotheses and New Questions. Clinical Psychology Science and Practice, 5(3). Deckard, K. D.-, & Scarr, S. (1996). Parenting stress among the dual-earner mothers and fathers: are there gender differences? Journal of Family Psychology, 10, 45–59. https://doi.org/10.1037/0893-3200.10.1.45 Dunham, S., & Dermer, H. (2011). Poisonous Parenting : Toxic Relationships Between Parents And Their Adult. Routledge Taylor & Francis Group. Ekas, N., & Whitman, T. L. (2010). Autism symptom topography and maternal socioemotional functioning. American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities, 115(3), 234–249. Felitti, V. J., Anda, R. F., Nordenberg, D., Williamson, D. F., Spitz, A. M., Edwards, V., Koss, M. P., & Marks, J. S. (1998). Household Dysfunction to Many of the Leading Causes of Death in Adults The Adverse Childhood Experiences ( ACE ) Study. 14(4), 245–258. Fitzgerald, M. ., Shipman, K. ., Jackson, J. ., McMahon, R. ., & Hanley, H. . (2005). Perceptions of parenting versus parent–child interactions among incest survivors. Child Abuse Negl, 29, 661–681. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2004.10.012 Gottman, J. M., & Silver, N. (1999). The seven principles for making marriage work. Three Rivers Press. Juster, R. P., McEwen, B. S., & Lupien, S. J. (2010). Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Review, 35(1), 2–16. https://doi.org/10.1016 K., J., Margaret, M., & Disiye, A. (2020). Toxic Parenting Adversely Correlates To Students’ Academic Performance In Secondary Schools In Uasin Gishu County, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications (IJSRP),10(7), 249–253. https://doi.org/10.29322/ijsrp.10.07.2020.p10331 Koeske, G. F., & Koeske, R. D. (1990). The Buffering Effect Of Social Support On Parental Stress. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 60(3). Kuczynski, L., & Kochanska, G. (1990). Development of children’s non-compliance strategies from toddlerhood to age 5. Developmental Psychology, 26, 8–408. Lazarus, R. S. (1993). Coping theory and research: Past, present, and future. Psychosomatic Medicine, 55, 234–247. Mash, E. J., & Johnston, C. (1990). Determinants of parenting stress: Illustrations from families of hyperactive children and families of physically abused children. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 19, 313–328. Mikulincer, M., Shaver, P. R., Bar-on, N., & Ein-dor, T. (2010). The Pushes and Pulls of Close Relationships : Attachment Insecurities and Relational Ambivalence. PS Sozialpsychologie, 98(3), 450–468. Mortensen, J. A., & Barnet, M. A. (2020). The role of child care in supporting the emotion regulatory needs of maltreated infants and toddlers. The University of Arizona. National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and M. (2016). Parenting Matters: Supporting Parents of Children Ages 0-8. The National Academies Press. https://doi.org/doi:10.17226/21868 National Scientiﬁc Council on the Developing Child. (2007). Key concepts: toxic stress. National Scientiﬁc Council on the Developing Child. Ostberg, M., & Hagekull, B. (2000). A structural modeling approach to the understanding of parenting stress. Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, 29, 615–625. Pediatrics, A. A. of. (2018). ACEs and toxic stress. American Academy of Pediatrics. Rodenburg, R., Meijer, A. M., Dekovic, M., & Aldenkamp, A. (2007). Parents of children with enduring epilepsy: Predictors of parenting stress and parenting. Epilepsy & Behavior, 11, 197–207. Shonkoff, J. P., Garner, A. S., Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., McGuinn, L., & Wood, D. L. (2012). The lifelong effects of early childhood adversity and toxic stress. Pediatrics, 129(1), 232–246. https://doi.org/10.1542 Shonkoff, J.P. (2012). Leveraging the biology of adversity to address the roots of disparities in health and development. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 109(SUPPL.2), 17302–17307. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1121259109 Shonkoff, Jack P., & Bales, S. N. (2011). Science Does Not Speak for Itself: Translating Child Development Research for the Public and Its Policymakers. Child Development, 82(1), 17–32. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8624.2010.01538.x Shonkoff, Jack P., & Levitt, P. (2010). Neuroscience and the Future of Early Childhood Policy: Moving from Why to What and How. Neuron, 67(5), 689–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2010.08.032 Shonkoff, Jack P. (2010). Building a New Biodevelopmental Framework to Guide the Future of Early Childhood Policy. 81(1), 357–367. Shonkoff, Jack P, & Fisher, P. A. (2013). Rethinking evidence-based practice and two-generation programs to create the future of early childhood policy. 25, 1635–1653. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0954579413000813 Shonkoff, Jack P, Richter, L., Gaag, J. Van Der, Bhutta, Z. A., Shonkoff, A. J. P., & Richter, L. (2012). An Integrated Scienti fi c Framework for Child Survival and Early Childhood Development. Pediatrics. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-0366 Siegel, B. S., Dobbins, M. I., Earls, M. F., Garner, A. S., Pascoe, J., Wood, D. L., High, P. C., Donoghue, E., Fussell, J. J., Gleason, M. M., Jaudes, P. K., Jones, V. F., Rubin, D. M., Schulte, E. E., Macias, M. M., Bridgemohan, C., Goldson, E., McGuinn, L. J., Weitzman, C., & Wegner, L. M. (2012). Early childhood adversity, toxic stress, and the role of the pediatrician: Translating developmental science into lifelong health. Pediatrics, 129(1). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2011-2662 Slopen, N., Mclaughlin, K. A., & Shonkoff, J. P. (2014). Interventions to Improve Cortisol Regulation in Children : A Systematic Review abstract. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2013-1632

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Ye, Y., X. Yue, W. Krueger, and L. Wegrzyn. "POS1163 CHARACTERISTICS AND OUTCOMES IN A REAL-WORLD COHORT OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS WITH COVID-19." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 860.1–860. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.565.

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Background:While some risk factors for severe COVID-19 outcomes have been identified for the general population and patients with rheumatic diseases (1-3), what drives these outcomes in specific rheumatic disease remains unclear. In addition, these findings need to be assessed across various observational data sources to ensure external validity.Objectives:To describe the demographics, comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 outcomes among rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 in the United States.Methods:A large nationwide electronic health record database (Optum, Inc.) in the United States, with data range between February 1, 2020 and September 17, 2020, was used to describe the demographics, comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 outcomes of RA patients with confirmed COVID-19 diagnosis (diagnosis for COVID-19 or positive PCR or antigen test). Patients with a single diagnosis of RA (ICD-10 code) before the diagnosis of COVID-19 were included. Patients missing age or sex, under 18 years of age on COVID-19 diagnosis date, or having less than 15 months of activity prior to COVID-19 diagnosis in the data source were excluded. We described demographics, comorbidities, and severe COVID-19 outcomes, including death, hospitalization, ICU admission, and acute respiratory insufficiency (ARI) identified between 14 days prior to and 30 days after COVID-19 diagnosis. Mean and standard deviation (SD) was reported for continuous variables. For categorical variables, count (N) and proportion was reported.Results:We identified 2,948 patients diagnosed with RA and infected with SARS-CoV-2 (mean age± SD: 62 years ± 16, 77% female, 68% white). Of all identified patients, 38% were current or former smokers. For the 2,614 patients with BMI recorded, 78% were overweight or obese (mean BMI±SD: 31.2±8.3). The mean Charlson comorbidity index (CCI) was 3.6 (SD 3.2), with 87% of the study cohort having one or more comorbid condition, including hypertension (55%), type 2 diabetes (26%), COPD (20%), moderate to severe asthma (17%), coronary artery disease (17%), chronic kidney disease (13%), and heart failure (13%). Severe COVID-19 outcomes occurred in 618 (21%) patients. Among all RA patients with COVID-19, 137 patients (4.6%) experienced ARI, 484 patients (16.4%) were hospitalized (including 174 (5.9%) admitted to the ICU), and 155 patients (5.3%) died.Conclusion:Underlying medical conditions that are known or possible risk factors of severe illness from SARS-CoV-2 infection in the general population are common in this RA cohort from a large national EHR database. However, whether patients with RA are more vulnerable to severe COVID-19 outcome than the general population requires adjustment by age and other important confounders.References:[1]Gianfrancesco M, Hyrich KL, Al-Adely S, Carmona L, Danila MI, Gossec L, et al. Characteristics associated with hospitalisation for COVID-19 in people with rheumatic disease: data from the COVID-19 Global Rheumatology Alliance physician-reported registry. Ann Rheum Dis. 2020;79(7):859-66.[2]Williamson EJ, Walker AJ, Bhaskaran K, Bacon S, Bates C, Morton CE, et al. Factors associated with COVID-19-related death using OpenSAFELY. Nature. 2020;584(7821):430-6.[3]Gold JAW, Wong KK, Szablewski CM, Patel PR, Rossow J, da Silva J, et al. Characteristics and Clinical Outcomes of Adult Patients Hospitalized with COVID-19 - Georgia, March 2020. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2020;69(18):545-50.Disclosure of Interests:Yizhou Ye Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc. and Pfizer Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Xiaomeng Yue Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Whitney Krueger Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc., Lani Wegrzyn Shareholder of: AbbVie Inc., Employee of: AbbVie Inc.

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Dwivedi, Sanyog. "14 Claudin-6 affects the cell cycle and p53 signaling in Gastric cancer." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 9, Suppl 2 (November 2021): A14—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.014.

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BackgroundClaudin-6 (CLDN6) differentially overexpressed in Gastric Cancer (GC) is associated with poor prognosis and survival of patients. Uncovering affected pathways and genes associated with CLDN6 in GC can help in the identification of novel prognostic targets.MethodsCBioPortal1 2 was used to extract and analyze The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Stomach Adenocarcinoma Pan-Cancer Atlas Data (STAD). FunRich tool3 and Gene Ontology molecular signature database of Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) were used for functional enrichment. CBioPortal was used to identify differentially expressed genes between groups. Graph pad Prism 8 was used to generate the graphics.ResultsTCGA STAD PanCancer Atlas data was analyzed in terms of alterations in CLDN6. 34% of the GC samples (141 samples) were assigned to the CLDN6 alteration group while the rest of the samples (299) were assigned to the non-CLDN6 alteration group (figure 1). Major alterations of CLDN6 in GC included shallow deletion, diploid, gain, and differentially expressed mRNA (figure 2). Differentially overexpressed genes in the CLDN6 group with log-ratio cutoff≥1 were used for functional enrichment in different biological pathway categories (figure 3); 18.1% of genes were associated with the transport of small molecules through the membrane, 14.6% mediated transmembrane transport and 12.5% were associated with lipid metabolism (figure 4). The Gene ontology molecular signature database of GSEA also confirmed that these genes were involved in lipid metabolism, transport activity, and epithelium development processes (table 1). Moreover, GC samples with CLDN6 alterations have higher mutations in p53 signaling (29% in TP53, 7% in CDKN2A) gene signature (figure 5) over samples in the non-CLDN6 alteration group (figure 6). Similarly, genes related with cell cycle control like CCNE1, MYC, SRC, and STAT3 showed higher mutations in the CLDN6 alteration group while JAK1 and E2F8 showed lower mutations than non-CLDN6 GC samples (figure 7). These observations indicate that CLDN6 in GC affects the transport of small molecules and lipid metabolism and that it is associated to tumors with higher mutations in p53 and cell cycle-related genes.Abstract 14 Table 1Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (log-ratio ≥1) in CLDN6 group GC samples in Gene ontology molecular signature database of GSEAAbstract 14 Figure 1Distribution of GC samples and patients of TCGA STAD data between CLDN6 and non CLDN6 alteration groupsAbstract 14 Figure 2Major alterations in CLDN6 in GC (TCGA STAD data)Abstract 14 Figure 3Volcano plot of differentially expressed genes in CLDN6 and non CLDN6 groups. Log10 p-Value cutoff ≥2Abstract 14 Figure 4Functional enrichment of differentially expressed genes (log-ratio ≥1) in biological process categoryAbstract 14 Figure 5Overall mutations in several important gene signatures involved in cancer between CLDN6 and non-CLDN6 GC samplesAbstract 14 Figure 6Total mutations in p53 signaling genesAbstract 14 Figure 7Total mutations in genes involved in cell cycle control between CLDN6 and non-CLDN6 GC samplesConclusionsCLDN6 alterations in GC affect the cell cycle and p53 signaling pathways with higher mutations in TP53, CDKN2A, CCNE1, MYC, SRC, and STAT3 genes.AcknowledgementsThis research was supported by CONACYT CVU grant 871712.ReferencesCerami E, Gao J, Dogrusoz U, Gross BE, Sumer SO, Aksoy BA, et al. The cBio cancer genomics portal: an open platform for exploring multidimensional cancer genomics data. Cancer Discov 2012;2:401–4.Gao J, Aksoy BA, Dogrusoz U, Dresdner G, Gross B, Sumer SO, et al. Integrative analysis of complex cancer genomics and clinical profiles using the cBioPortal. Sci Signal 2013;6:l1.Pathan M, Keerthikumar S, Ang C-S, Gangoda L, Quek CYJ, Williamson NA, et al. FunRich: An open access standalone functional enrichment and interaction network analysis tool. PROTEOMICS 2015;15:2597–601.

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KITLV, Redactie. "Book Reviews." New West Indian Guide / Nieuwe West-Indische Gids 75, no. 3-4 (January 1, 2001): 297–357. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/13822373-90002555.

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-Stanley L. Engerman, Heather Cateau ,Capitalism and slavery fifty years later: Eric Eustace Williams - A reassessment of the man and his work. New York: Peter Lang, 2000. xvii + 247 pp., S.H.H. Carrington (eds)-Philip D. Morgan, B.W. Higman, Writing West Indian histories. London: Macmillan Caribbean, 1999. xiv + 289 pp.-Daniel Vickers, Alison Games, Migration and the origins of the English Atlantic world. Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. xiii + 322 pp.-Christopher L. Brown, Andrew Jackson O'Shaughnessy, An empire divided: The American revolution and the British Caribbean. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2000. xviii + 357 pp.-Lennox Honychurch, Samuel M. Wilson, The indigenous people of the Caribbean. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1997. xiv + 253 pp.-Kenneth Bilby, Bev Carey, The Maroon story: The authentic and original history of the Maroons in the history of Jamaica 1490-1880. St. Andrew, Jamaica: Agouti Press, 1997. xvi + 656 pp.-Bernard Moitt, Doris Y. Kadish, Slavery in the Caribbean Francophone world: Distant voices, forgotten acts, forged identities. Athens: University of Georgia Press, 2000. xxiii + 247 pp.-Michael J. Guasco, Virginia Bernhard, Slaves and slaveholders in Bermuda, 1616-1782. Columbia: University of Missouri Press, 1999. xviii + 316 pp.-Michael J. Jarvis, Roger C. Smith, The maritime heritage of the Cayman Islands. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xxii + 230 pp.-Paul E. Hoffman, Peter R. Galvin, Patterns of pillage: A geography of Caribbean-based piracy in Spanish America, 1536-1718. New York: Peter Lang, 1999. xiv + 271 pp.-David M. Stark, Raúl Mayo Santana ,Cadenas de esclavitud...y de solidaridad: Esclavos y libertos en San Juan,siglo XIX. Río Piedras: Centro de Investigaciones Sociales, Universidad de Puerto Rico, 1997. 204 pp., Mariano Negrón Portillo, Manuel Mayo López (eds)-Ada Ferrer, Philip A. Howard, Changing history: Afro-Cuban Cabildos and societies of color in the nineteenth century. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1998. xxii + 227 pp.-Alvin O. Thompson, Maurice St. Pierre, Anatomy of resistance: Anti-colonialism in Guyana 1823-1966. London: Macmillan, 1999. x + 214 pp.-Linda Peake, Barry Munslow, Guyana: Microcosm of sustainable development challenges. Aldershot, U.K. and Brookfield VT: Ashgate, 1998. x + 130 pp.-Stephen Stuempfle, Peter Mason, Bacchanal! The carnival culture of Trinidad. Philadelphia PA: Temple University Press, 1998. 191 pp.-Christine Chivallon, Catherine Benoît, Corps, jardins, mémoires: Anthropologie du corps et de l' espace à la Guadeloupe. Paris: CNRS Éditions, 2000. 309 pp.-Katherine E. Browne, Mary C. Waters, Black identities: Wsst Indian immigrant dreams and American realities. New York: Russell Sage Foundation; Cambridge MA: Harvard University Press, 1999. xvii + 413 pp.-Eric Paul Roorda, Bernardo Vega, Los Estados Unidos y Trujillo - Los días finales: 1960-61. Colección de documentos del Departamento de Estado, la CIA y los archivos del Palacio Nacional Dominicano. Santo Domingo: Fundación Cultural Dominicana, 1999. xx+ 783 pp.-Javier Figueroa-de Cárdenas, Charles D. Ameringer, The Cuban democratic experience: The Auténtico years, 1944-1952. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. ix + 230 pp.-Robert Lawless, Charles T. Williamson, The U.S. Naval mission to Haiti, 1959-1963. Annapolis MD: Naval Institute Press, 1999. xv + 395 pp.-Noel Leo Erskine, Arthur Charles Dayfoot, The shaping of the West Indian Church, 1492-1962. Kingston: The Press University of the West Indies; Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 1999. xvii + 360 pp.-Edward Baugh, Laurence A. Breiner, An introduction to West Indian poetry. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998. xxii + 261 pp.-Lydie Moudileno, Heather Hathaway, Caribbean waves: Relocating Claude McKay and Paule Marshall. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1999. xi + 201 pp.-Nicole Roberts, Claudette M. Williams, Charcoal and cinnamon: The politics of color in Spanish Caribbean literature. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xii + 174 pp.-Nicole Roberts, Marie Ramos Rosado, La mujer negra en la literatura puertorriqueña: Cuentística de los setenta: (Luis Rafael Sánchez, Carmelo Rodríguez Torres, Rosario Ferré y Ana Lydia Vega). San Juan: Ed. de la Universidad de Puerto Rico, Ed. Cultural, and Instituto de Cultura Puertorriqueña, 1999. xxiv + 397 pp.-William W. Megenney, John H. McWhorter, The missing Spanish Creoles: Recovering the birth of plantation contact languages. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2000. xi + 281 pp.-Robert Chaudenson, Chris Corne, From French to Creole: The development of New Vernaculars in the French colonial world. London: University of Westminster Press, 1999. x + 263 pp.

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Fitria Budi Utami. "The Implementation of Eating Healthy Program in Early Childhood." JPUD - Jurnal Pendidikan Usia Dini 14, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/141.09.

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Eating habits develop during the first years of a child's life, children learn what, when, and how much to eat through direct experience with food and by observing the eating habits of others. The aim of this study is to get a clear picture of the Eating program Healthy, starting from the planning, implementation, supervision, and evaluation as a case study of nutrition education; to get information about the advantages, disadvantages and effects of implementing a healthy eating program for children. This research was conducted through a case study with qualitative data analysed using Miles and Huberman techniques. Sample of children in Ananda Islāmic School Kindergarten. The results showed the Healthy Eating program could be implemented well, the diet was quite varied and could be considered a healthy and nutritious food. The visible impact is the emotion of pleasure experienced by children, children become fond of eating vegetables, and make children disciplined and responsible. Inadequate results were found due to the limitations of an adequate kitchen for cooking healthy food, such as cooking activities still carried out by the cook himself at the Foundation's house which is located not far from the school place; use of melamine and plastic cutlery for food; the spoon and fork used already uses aluminium material but still does not match its size; does not involve nutritionists. Keywords: Early Childhood, Eating Healthy Program References: Bandura, A. (1977). Social learning theory. Englewood Cliffs: Prentice-Hall. Bandura, Albert. (2004). Health promotion by social cognitive means. Health Education and Behavior, 31(2), 143–164. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198104263660 Battjes-Fries, M. C. E., Haveman-Nies, A., Renes, R. J., Meester, H. J., & Van’T Veer, P. (2015). Effect of the Dutch school-based education programme “Taste Lessons” on behavioural determinants of taste acceptance and healthy eating: A quasi-experimental study. Public Health Nutrition, 18(12), 2231–2241. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980014003012 Birch, L., Savage, J. S., & Ventura, A. (2007). Influences on the Development of Children’s Eating Behaviours: From Infancy to Adolescence. Canadian Journal of Dietetic Practice and Research : A Publication of Dietitians of Canada = Revue Canadienne de La Pratique et de La Recherche En Dietetique : Une Publication Des Dietetistes Du Canada, 68(1), s1– s56. Retrieved from http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19430591%0Ahttp://www.pubmedcentral.nih.gov/a rticlerender.fcgi?artid=PMC2678872 Coulthard, H., Williamson, I., Palfreyman, Z., & Lyttle, S. (2018). Evaluation of a pilot sensory play intervention to increase fruit acceptance in preschool children. Appetite, 120, 609–615. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.10.011 Coulthard, Helen, & Sealy, A. (2017). Play with your food! Sensory play is associated with tasting of fruits and vegetables in preschool children. Appetite, 113, 84–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.appet.2017.02.003 Crain, W. C. (2005). Theories of development: Concepts and applications. Upper Saddle River: Pearson Prentice Hall. Dazeley, P., Houston-Price, C., & Hill, C. (2012). Should healthy eating programmes incorporate interaction with foods in different sensory modalities? A review of the evidence. British Journal of Nutrition, 108(5), 769–777. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007114511007343 Derscheid, L. E., Umoren, J., Kim, S. Y., Henry, B. W., & Zittel, L. L. (2010). Early childhood teachers’ and staff members’ perceptions of nutrition and physical activity practices for preschoolers. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 24(3), 248–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/02568543.2010.487405 Eliassen, E. K. (2011). The impact of teachers and families on young children’s eating behaviors. YC Young Children, 66(2), 84–89. Elliott, E., Isaacs, M., & Chugani, C. (2010). Promoting Self-Efficacy in Early Career Teachers: A Principal’s Guide for Differentiated Mentoring and Supervision. Florida Journal of Educational Administration & Policy, 4(1), 131–146. Emm, S., Harris, J., Halterman, J., Chvilicek, S., & Bishop, C. (2019). Increasing Fruit and Vegetable Intake with Reservation and Off-reservation Kindergarten Students in Nevada. Journal of Agriculture, Food Systems, and Community Development, 9, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5304/jafscd.2019.09b.014 Flynn, M. A. T. (2015). Empowering people to be healthier: Public health nutrition through the Ottawa Charter. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 74(3), 303–312. https://doi.org/10.1017/S002966511400161X Franciscato, S. J., Janson, G., Machado, R., Lauris, J. R. P., de Andrade, S. M. J., & Fisberg, M. (2019). Impact of the nutrition education Program Nutriamigos® on levels of awareness on healthy eating habits in school-aged children. Journal of Human Growth and Development, 29(3), 390–402. https://doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v29.9538 Froehlich Chow, A., & Humbert, M. L. (2014). Perceptions of early childhood educators: Factors influencing the promotion of physical activity opportunities in Canadian rural care centers. Child Indicators Research, 7(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12187-013-9202-x Graham, H., Feenstra, G., Evans, A. M., & Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2002). Healthy Eating Habits in Children. California Agriculture, 58(4), 200–205. Gucciardi, E., Nagel, R., Szwiega, S., Chow, B. Y. Y., Barker, C., Nezon, J., ... Butler, A. (2019). Evaluation of a Sensory-Based Food Education Program on Fruit and V egetable Consumption among Kindergarten Children. Journal of Child Nutrition & Management, 43(1). Holley, C. E., Farrow, C., & Haycraft, E. (2017). A Systematic Review of Methods for Increasing Vegetable Consumption in Early Childhood. Current Nutrition Reports, 6(2), 157–170. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13668-017-0202-1 Hoppu, U., Prinz, M., Ojansivu, P., Laaksonen, O., & Sandell, M. A. (2015). Impact of sensory- based food education in kindergarten on willingness to eat vegetables and berries. Food and Nutrition Research, 59, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3402/fnr.v59.28795 Jarpe-Ratner, E., Folkens, S., Sharma, S., Daro, D., & Edens, N. K. (2016). An Experiential Cooking and Nutrition Education Program Increases Cooking Self-Efficacy and Vegetable Consumption in Children in Grades 3–8. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 48(10), 697-705.e1. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2016.07.021 Jones, A. M., & Zidenberg-Cherr, S. (2015). Exploring Nutrition Education Resources and Barriers, and Nutrition Knowledge in Teachers in California. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 47(2), 162–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2014.06.011 Jung, T., Huang, J., Eagan, L., & Oldenburg, D. (2019). Influence of school-based nutrition education program on healthy eating literacy and healthy food choice among primary school children. International Journal of Health Promotion and Education, 57(2), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.1080/14635240.2018.1552177 Lwin, M. O., Malik, S., Ridwan, H., & Sum Au, C. S. (2017). Media exposure and parental mediation on fast-food consumption among children in metropolitan and suburban Indonesian. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 26(5), 899–905. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.122016.04 Mc Kenna, & L, M. (2010). Policy Options to Support Healthy Eating in Schools. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 101(2), S14–S18. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03405619 Menkes, R. PERATURAN MENTERI KESEHATAN REPUBLIK INDONESIA NOMOR 41 TAHUN 2014. , Menteri Kesehatan Republik Indonesia § (2014). Mitsopoulou, A. V., Magriplis, E., Dimakopoulos, I., Karageorgou, D., Bakogianni, I., Micha, R., ... Zampelas, A. (2019). Association of meal and snack patterns with micronutrient intakes among Greek children and adolescents: data from the Hellenic National Nutrition and Health Survey. Journal of Human Nutrition and Dietetics, 32(4), 455–467. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhn.12639 Moffitt, A. (2019). Early Childhood Educators and the Development of Family Literacy Programs: A Qualitative Case Study. ProQuest Dissertations and Theses, 96. Retrieved from http://proxy.mul.missouri.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/2242479347 ?accountid=14576%0Ahttps://library.missouri.edu/findit?genre=dissertations+%26+theses &title=Early+Childhood+Educators+and+the+Development+of+Family+Literacy+Progra ms%3A+ Mustonen, S., & Tuorila, H. (2010). Sensory education decreases food neophobia score and encourages trying unfamiliar foods in 8-12-year-old children. Food Quality and Preference, 21(4), 353–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2009.09.001 Myszkowska-Ryciak, J., & Harton, A. (2019). Eating healthy, growing healthy: Outcome evaluation of the nutrition education program optimizing the nutritional value of preschool menus, Poland. Nutrients, 11(10), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu11102438 Nekitsing, C., Hetherington, M. M., & Blundell-Birtill, P. (2018). Developing Healthy Food Preferences in Preschool Children Through Taste Exposure, Sensory Learning, and Nutrition Education. Current Obesity Reports, 7(1), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13679- 018-0297-8 Noura, M. S. pd. (2018). Child nutrition programs in kindergarten schools implemented by the governmental sector and global nutrition consulting companies: A systematic review. Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science, 6(3), 656–663. https://doi.org/10.12944/CRNFSJ.6.3.07 Oh, S. M., Yu, Y. L., Choi, H. I., & Kim, K. W. (2012). Implementation and Evaluation of Nutrition Education Programs Focusing on Increasing Vegetables, Fruits and Dairy Foods Consumption for Preschool Children. Korean Journal of Community Nutrition, 17(5), 517. https://doi.org/10.5720/kjcn.2012.17.5.517 Osera, T., Tsutie, S., & Kobayashi, M. (2016). Using Soybean Products in School Lunch for Health Education may improve Children’s Attitude and Guardians’ Knowledge in Kindergarten. Journal of Child and Adolescent Behaviour, 04(05). https://doi.org/10.4172/2375-4494.1000310 Park, B. K., & Cho, M. S. (2016). Taste education reduces food neophobia and increases willingness to try novel foods in school children. Nutrition Research and Practice, 10(2), 221–228. https://doi.org/10.4162/nrp.2016.10.2.221 Pendidikan, K., & Kebudayaan, D. A. N. Menteri Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Republik Indonesia Nomor 137 Tahun 2013 Tentang Standar Nasional Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini. , (2015). Prima, E., Yuliantina, I., Nurfadillah, Handayani, I., Riana, & Ganesa, R. eni. (2017). Layanan Kesehatan,Gizi dan Perawatan. Jakarta: Direktorat Pembinaan Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini Direktorat Jenderal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini dan Pendidikan Masyarakat Kementerian Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan. Resor, J., Hegde, A. V., & Stage, V. C. (2020). Pre-service early childhood educators’ perceived barriers and supports to nutrition education. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education, 00(00), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/10901027.2020.1740841 Rizqie Aulianaca5804p200-169314. (2011). Gizi Seimbang Dan Makanan Sehat Untuk Anak Usia Dini. Journal of Nutrition and Food Research, 2(1), 1–12. Retrieved from http://staff.uny.ac.id/sites/default/files/pengabdian/rizqie-auliana-dra-mkes/gizi-seimbang- dan-makanan-sehat-untuk-anak-usia-dini.pdf Sandell, M., Mikkelsen, B. E., Lyytikäinen, A., Ojansivu, P., Hoppu, U., Hillgrén, A., & Lagström, H. (2016). Future for food education of children. Futures, 83, 15–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2016.04.006 Schanzenbach, D. W., & Thorn, B. (2019). Food Support Programs and Their Impacts on Young Children. Health Affairs, (march). Retrieved from https://www.healthaffairs.org/briefs Schmitt, S. A., Bryant, L. M., Korucu, I., Kirkham, L., Katare, B., & Benjamin, T. (2019). The effects of a nutrition education curriculum on improving young children’s fruit and vegetable preferences and nutrition and health knowledge. Public Health Nutrition, 22(1), 28–34. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1368980018002586 Sekiyama, M., Roosita, K., & Ohtsuka, R. (2012). Snack foods consumption contributes to poor nutrition of rural children in West Java, Indonesia. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 21(4), 558–567. https://doi.org/10.6133/apjcn.2012.21.4.11 Sepp, H., & Ho, K. (2016). Food as a tool for learning in everyday activities at preschool exploratory study from Sweden. Food & Nurtition Research, 1, 1–7. Shor, R., & Friedman, A. (2009). Integration of nutrition-related components by early childhood education professionals into their individual work with children at risk. Early Child Development and Care, 179(4), 477–486. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430701269218 Taylor, C. M., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Picky eating in children: Causes and consequences. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0029665118002586 Taylor, C. M., Steer, C. D., Hays, N. P., & Emmett, P. M. (2019). Growth and body composition in children who are picky eaters: a longitudinal view. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 73(6), 869–878. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-018-0250-7 Unusan, N. (2007). Effects of a food and nutrition course on the self-reported knowledge and behavior of preschool teacher candidates. Early Childhood Education Journal, 34(5), 323– 327. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10643-006-0116-9 Usfar, A. A., Iswarawanti, D. N., Davelyna, D., & Dillon, D. (2010). Food and Personal Hygiene Perceptions and Practices among Caregivers Whose Children Have Diarrhea: A Qualitative Study of Urban Mothers in Tangerang, Indonesia. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 42(1), 33–40. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2009.03.003 Witt, K. E., & Dunn, C. (2012). Increasing Fruit and V egetable Consumption among Preschoolers: Evaluation of Color Me Healthy. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 44(2), 107–113. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2011.01.002

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Joseph, K. L., H. Solveig Dagfinrud, K. B. Hagen, K. Røren Nordén, C. Fongen, O. M. Wold, and A. T. Tveter. "OP0154-HPR FEASIBILITY OF A WEB-BASED, PEER-SUPPORTED EXERCISE PROGRAM FOR PEOPLE WITH HIP OR KNEE OSTEOARTHRITIS." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 92.1–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.1313.

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Background:Long-term physical activity (PA) and exercise is recommended as a cornerstone in the treatment of people with osteoarthritis (OA) (1), yet adherence to exercise is challenging (2). The treatment needs for this large group of patients cannot be fully managed within the health-care system, thus developing innovative and effective follow-up strategies is urgently needed.Objectives:To explore the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a web-based, peer-supported exercise program for people with hip or knee OA.Methods:This study was a single-group, pre-post feasibility study. Patients aged 40-80 years with hip or knee OA who were not candidates for surgery were eligible. The 12-week intervention was delivered through a patient-organizations (The Norwegian Association for Rheumatic Diseases) web-based platforms, and included weekly exercise programs, weekly motivational messages, an OA and exercise website and assigned peer-supporters. Feasibility was evaluated by calculating the proportion of eligible patients who were enrolled and retained at follow-up, as well as time resources used on delivery of the intervention. Acceptability was evaluated by calculating proportion of patients who had valid baseline accelerometer data and completed the maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test according to protocol. Primary efficacy measures were change in PA assessed by accelerometers and change in exercise capacity (VO2peak) assessed by indirect maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test. Secondary efficacy measures were change in patient reported outcomes assessed by HOOS and KOOS (www.koos.nu) (a 10-point change in normalized scores was considered a minimally important change). Data was analysed using paired sample t-test, given as mean change (95% confidence interval) and p-values.Results:We identified 49 eligible patients of which 35 (71%) consented and were enrolled. Among those who consented, 22 (63%) were retained. Time resources used on delivery of the exercise programs and motivational messages were mean (SD) 7.3±1.1 min per week/patient. Compliance with wearing the accelerometer was mean (SD) 6.1±1.0 valid days (mean (SD) 13.8±1.3 hours/day). Twenty (67%) out of 30 patients who attended baseline testing performed the maximal cardiorespiratory exercise test, of which 18 completed according to protocol. Due to Covid-19 restrictions, follow-up testing of primary efficacy measures included only eight patients. For these patients there was a significant increase from baseline to follow-up on moderate-to-vigorous PA (mean change 16.4 minutes/day; 95% CI 6.9, 25.9, p=0.005) and VO2peak (mean change 1.83 ml/kg/min; 95% CI 0.29, 3.36, p=0.026). Across all secondary efficacy measures 30-52% of the patients (n=21) improved from baseline to follow-up (Figure 1).Figure 1.Proportion (%) of patients with Minimally Important Change (from baseline to follow-up) in normalized scores in subdomains of Hip disability and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (HOOS) / Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS).Conclusion:Overall, the examined study processes were considered to be feasible and acceptable. Some minor amendments should be applied to improve the recruitment and retention rate before it can be carried out in a larger trial. The efficacy results should be interpreted with caution due the small sample size. However, if the positive results in this study are confirmed in a power-calculated randomised controlled trial, our novel follow-up strategy may be implemented and recommended for long-term management of hip and knee OA.References:[1]Kolasinski SL, Neogi T, Hochberg MC, Oatis C, Guyatt G, Block J, et al. 2019 American College of Rheumatology/Arthritis Foundation Guideline for the Management of Osteoarthritis of the Hand, Hip, and Knee. Arthritis Rheumatol. 2020;72(2):220-33.[2]Williamson W, Kluzek S, Roberts N, Richards J, Arden N, Leeson P, et al. Behavioural physical activity interventions in participants with lower-limb osteoarthritis: a systematic review with meta-analysis. BMJ Open. 2015;5(8):e007642.Acknowledgements:The authors wish to acknowledge all patients for participating, the patient representative who gave invaluable input on interventional components and the peer-supporters for volunteering to provide interventional support.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

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Kamat, Ashish M. "Commentary on “Risks of primary extracolonic cancers following colorectal cancer in lynch syndrome.” Win AK, Lindor NM, Young JP, Macrae FA, Young GP, Williamson E, Parry S, Goldblatt J, Lipton L, Winship I, Leggett B, Tucker KM, Giles GG, Buchanan DD, Clendenning M, Rosty C, Arnold J, Levine AJ, Haile RW, Gallinger S, Le Marchand L, Newcomb PA, Hopper JL, Jenkins MA, Centre for Molecular, Environmental, Genetic and Analytic Epidemiology, Melbourne School of Population Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia." Urologic Oncology: Seminars and Original Investigations 31, no. 5 (July 2013): 716. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.03.013.

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Gandhi, Gopalkrishna. "Editor as Mediator: A Profile of Albert Cartwright in Early Twentieth Century South Africa." Indian Economic Journal 71, no. 1 (January 2023): 12–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00194662221145278.

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As part of society, journalists and editors can play and often have played, in country after country, over different periods, crucial roles outside the columns of the newspapers or media platforms they work for. They can further causes, support campaigns, oppose the official and social establishments of the day. If and when they do that, they cannot but carry something of the stature of their profession on their shoulders, to the benefit perhaps of that role and to the augmentation of their public personalities. Albert Cartwright (1868–1956) had worked in a number of newspapers in South Africa in the turbulent period around the Second Boer War and later, opposing the ruling order in some crucial respects, beyond the call of ‘editorial’ duty. As a friend of General J. C. Smuts, South Africa’s most powerful politician and of M. K. Gandhi, who was pitted in a steadily escalating struggle against the Smuts regime, Cartwright as the then editor of The Transvaal Leader mediated between the General and his Indian opponent during the gutsy barrister’s first incarceration (1908). This led to a thawing of the relations between the Boer and the Indian and the forming of a patently conflicted yet elusively cordial equation between them, which eventually helped in the reaching of the famous ‘Agreement’ (1914) on the Indians’ grievances in that country. I intend to explore that role played by Cartwright both to describe his character and personality and also to draw attention to the fact that freedom’s battles have been not un-often, fought and in some of their ‘theatres’, won, by individuals from the world of the Press who have worked, almost unseen, from the wings with the ‘pen’ goading the process. Editor as mediator? Now what is that about? Editors helm newspapers and journals, they write editorials, sometimes fight their proprietors for their autonomy and more often capitulate to the owner’s control. They come thereby to be admired and respected or neither admired nor respected. They resist political authority and pay a price for that, or they ‘fall in line’ and pay a higher price in terms of credibility. But mediation? How does that become part of an editor’s role? It can and does, because public life, as life itself, is not all black and white. There are areas which can be called a blend of both and are like black and white photographs and films are quite grey and misty, something that makes the films of Satyajit Ray, for instance, ring so true. And editors, who are not in politics but are situated on its rims, while not being players themselves are yet so close to the action that happens around them as to be indistinguishable from its voltage. They can find themselves sought for or seeking clarifications, being offered or offering suggestions. It is in them to exacerbate or alleviate tensions, encourage or discourage policy and programmes and indeed, action including belligerence. While doing so they become mediators within themselves as well, mediating between their inner voice and prudence, the first impelling them to intervene and the second recoiling from overt action. That is the most difficult of the mediations they are called upon to attempt. The ‘loci’ of this essay is South Africa and the role of the press in that country during the turn of the nineteenth century when war and brutality overwhelmed that part of the African continent. Two striking Africans appeared in the word of journalism there at the time. The first was John Tengo Jabavu (1859–1921) of the Eastern Cape who as a teacher began to write articles for some South African newspapers in English and after apprenticing himself to a printer, by 1884, founded his own newspaper, Imvo Zabantsundu (‘Black Opinion’). This appeared in Xhosa, a brave and pioneering venture. Jabavu found himself at the intersection of liberal ideas in the Cape’s South African Party and the repressive policies of Cecil Rhodes’s ‘Progressives’. The second was John Langalibalele Dube (1871–1946) of the Natal, an essayist, educator and articulate politician who with his wife Nokutela founded the first Zulu/English newspaper Ilanga lase Natal (The Sun of Natal) in 1903. Deeply influenced by Booker T. Washington whose work he knew at the first hand as a student in the USA, Dube wrote for and spoke to a mixed audience in South Africa, wanting to combine western education and mores with local customs and traditions. Journalism, editorship and interventions by people of the eminence of Jabavu and Dube who belong to the place is important and impressive and impactful. But when the person concerned is an ‘outsider’, such a role gets invested with an additional stamp—that of a somewhat lonesome individuality. This is what happened with two of Jabavu’s and Dube’s contemporaries, M. K. Gandhi (1869–1948) who founded and ran Indian Opinion from Durban and Phoenix in 1904, mainly on the issues facing the Indian South African community, and the British-born subject of Victorian Britain, and essentially a visiting Briton, Albert Cartwright (1868–1956).

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Wagstaff, Malcolm, Bruce M. S. Capmbell, Oliver Rackham, J. V. Beckett, Robin A. Butlin, Allan G. Bogue, J. Clark Archer, et al. "Review of Graccia Capta, by Susan E. Alcock; The Origins of Norfolk, by Tom Williamson; Ecological Effects of Afforestation, by Charles Watkins; Commoners, by J. M. Neeson; Dublin City and County from Prehistory to Present, by F. H. A. Aalen and Kevin Whelan; The Shaping of America, by D. W. Meinig; The Historical Atlas of State Power in Congress, 1790-1990, by Kenneth C. Martis and Gregory A. Elmes; To Reclaim a Divided West, by Donald J. Pisani; The Geography of Nowhere, by James Howard Kunstler; History and Social Theory, by Peter Burke; The History of Cartography, Vol. 2, Book I, by J. B. Harley and David Woodward; Dreams of Power, by Peter Bishop; Urban Landscapes, by Jeremy Whitehand and Peter Larkham; The Imagined Slum, by Allan Mayne; Time and Money, by Gary Cross; The Economy of Modern India, 1860-1970, by B. R. Tomlinson and Peasant Labour and Colonical Capital, by Sugata Bose." Journal of Historical Geography 20, no. 3 (July 1994): 342–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1994.1028.

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Neill, Lindsay, Ayeesha Taylor, and Nigel Hemmington. "Waiter, there’s a fly in my coffee!" Hospitality Insights 5, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 9–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.24135/hi.v5i2.114.

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The hospitality industry is under intense pressure. COVID-19 restrictions and limited trading opportunities have forced restaurateurs to consider their pricing structures. Reflecting those concerns, Richard Corney, MD of the Inigo Coffee Group, proposed that the retail price of a cup of coffee needed to rise to between $6.50 and $7.00 to “take into account all the other cost increases hospitality establishments have experienced in the last decade, not to mention the challenges of the pandemic in the last two years” [1]. Alongside these revenue issues, the industry also needs to move away from a tradition of low pay and low value [2], and perhaps towards the concept of a ‘hospitable wage’ [3]. However, laudable as these goals might be, upward price movement may be resisted by many customers. So how can restaurateurs and hoteliers ‘sell’ revised-price-products to their customers? Clearly, increased revenue can be achieved through both marginal price increases and up-selling to increase average customer spend. We propose that both of these goals can be achieved if employers embrace the concept of hospitality as an experience [4, 5], where the performance of staff is central [6], and where the experience is delivered with ‘hospitality personality’. Much has been written about the personality of hospitality staff. Most of that work can be traced back to the early work of Erving Goffman [7] who proposed that hospitality employees were playing roles, and acting out, by using their emotional intelligence. Goffman likened such workers to actors who literally ‘take on’ a character. The characteristics of the hospitality personality have been explored by many authors [8–10] and include, agreeableness, extroversion, openness to experience, conscientiousness, and emotional stability; although some research also reveals that neuroticism is also a hospitality characteristic in hotel receptionists. Alongside this research, other studies have identified the role of mood and personality in positive guest experiences, specifically service quality perception and customer satisfaction [11]. This supports our suggestion that the performance of staff can have a direct impact on customer experience and potentially revenue, and that Corney’s price recommendation could be a realistic option for many businesses struggling economically. But there’s a ‘fly in the ointment’: the Tall Poppy Syndrome. Tall poppy syndrome originated around 500BC in ancient Rome, when King Tarquinius Superbus demonstrated how the nation should deal with its enemies. In an active display he lopped off the heads of the tallest poppies in his garden with a stick [12]. Today, tall poppies are conspicuously successful people, who may attract envy, resentment or hostility, and the Tall Poppy Syndrome (TPS) is the habit of others to diminish those who have attained excellence in a field – to cut them down to size [13]. While TPS is commonly associated with Australia and New Zealand, it is also part of other cultures. Within Scandinavian cultures, janteloven1 promotes humility and conformity paralleling TPS [15]; in Japanese culture, ‘the nail that sticks up gets pounded down’ [16]; and within Filipino culture a crab mentality exists whereby crabs in a bucket tend to pull back any adventurous crabs trying to escape [17]. TPS is often described as being ingrained in New Zealand culture [18] and has been identified as a phenomenon in New Zealand entrepreneurship and business [19]. While TPS encourages conformist cultures, our research provides a valuable insight into how employers can spot potential employees who actively resist notions of TPS’s conformity and are more likely to perform to the highest levels. Using Instagram, we interviewed 1000 young self-identifying New Zealanders to explore their qualitative experiences of TPS. They identified as 68% female and 32% male. Their age ranges were: 58% aged 18–24; 27% aged 25–34; 7% aged 35–44; 3% aged 45–54; and 2% aged 55 or above. Three percent of the respondents were excluded from our final sample because they were aged 17 or younger. The respondents’ feelings, victimhood, self-esteem, and knowledge about TPS provided our research with the largest amount of data. Of our 1000 participants, 50% knew what TPS was, while 50% did not. Similarly, 45% of our respondents claimed to be victims of TPS. Contrastingly, 55% had no experiences of TPS. Within those considerations, the data revealed clearly that TPS was perceived by participants as ‘something done to them’ and not as ‘something they do to other people’. Yet, and despite that difference, the pervasive nature of TPS within Kiwi socio-culture was noted by participants. Several participants recounted the cost of TPS; for example, “Definitely held me back. It can knock your confidence so much” and “Made me want to hide/play down my talents/my life.” Other participants perceived TPS “put-downs” (belittling or humiliating remarks) as a challenge or motivating force. They commented, “Uncomfortable but it pushed me harder to be even more successful” and “It motivated me. I realized people saw something in me and strived to continue improving.” For the 45% of our participants directly experiencing TPS, those experiences were grounded within two base reactions. Reflecting that, more than half of our participants adopted conformist behaviours, succumbing to the bullying pressures of others. However, 45% recognised TPS and its bullying as a motivator to create further behaviours and actions of excellence. The role of social media in TPS was significant. Participants directly linked TPS to social media with 89% of respondents recognising the role of social media in TPS. Key to their views was the realisation that social media not only provided distance between people but also that people used social media to manipulate the image they projected to others. In those ways, social media was a mediating factor. As participants observed, “Easier to be mean and cut someone down through a comment than to their face” and “Social media has made it easier to abuse and put down those that stand out.” Given the attributes of the hospitality personality, and Richard Corney’s proposed pricing restructures in hospitality, the key is for employers to consider the resilience of their staff to TPS and conformity. They should consider whether they can recruit and retain the 45% of staff that use TPS as inspiration to succeed – the staff who will rise the challenge of delivering exceptional customer experiences through their own performance of the ‘hospitality personality’. It is within the unique characteristics of these staff that hospitality businesses can generate that extra point of difference and experience that customers will be happy to pay a little more to enjoy; and perhaps hospitality businesses might go a step further by also considering the concept of the ‘hospitable wage’. Corresponding author Lindsay Neill can be contacted at: lindsay.neill@aut.ac.nz Note “Janteloven (the law of Jante) at its simplest describes the way that all Norwegians (and in fact, other Scandinavians too) behave: putting society ahead of the individual, not boasting about individual accomplishments, and not being jealous of others” [14]. References (1) Wilkes, M. We Need to Pay $7 for a Flat White if Cafes are Going to Survive, Says Coffee Boss, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/life-style/food-drink/drinks/127196374/we-need-to-pay-7-for-a-flat-white-if-cafes-are-going-to-survive-says-coffee-boss (accessed Dec 12, 2021). (2) Te Ora, N. Does Hospitality Have a Low Wages Problem? Workers Say Yes. Some Restaurant Owners Say No, 2021. https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/125301113/does-hospitality-have-a-low-wages-problem-workers-say-yes-some-restaurant-owners-say-no (accessed Dec 10, 2021). (3) Douglas, J.; Williamson, D.; Harris, C. Dirty Deeds Done Dirt Cheap: Creating “Hospitable Wages” through the Living Wage Movement. Hospitality & Society 2020, 10 (1), 3–22. (4) Hemmington, N. From Service to Experience: Understanding and Defining the Hospitality Business. The Service Industries Journal 2007, 27 (6), 747–755. (5) Lugosi, P. Hospitality Spaces, Hospitable Moments: Consumer Encounters and Affective Experiences in Commercial Settings. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 139–149. (6) Morgan, M.; Watson, P.; Hemmington, N. Drama in the Dining Room: Theatrical Perspectives on the Foodservice Encounter. Journal of Foodservice 2008, 19 (2), 111–118. (7) Goffman, E. The Presentation of Self in Everyday Life; Doubleday: Garden City, New York, 1959. (8) Köşker, H.; Unur, K.; Gursoy, D. The Effect of Basic Personality Traits on Service Orientation and Tendency to Work in the Hospitality and Tourism Industry. Journal of Teaching in Travel & Tourism 2019, 19 (2), 140–162. (9) Grobelna, A. Extraversion and its Importance in the Hospitality Workplace. Scientific Journal, No. 876, Economic Problems of Tourism 2015, 3 (31), 89–96. (10) Gonzalez-Gonzalez, T.; García-Almeida, D. J. Frontline Employee-Driven Change in Hospitality Firms: An Analysis of Receptionists’ Personality on Implemented Suggestions. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 2021, 33 (12), 4439–4459. (11) Kocabulut, Ö.; Albayrak, T. The Effects of Mood and Personality Type on Service Quality Perception and Customer Satisfaction. International Journal of Culture, Tourism, and Hospitality Research 2019, 13 (1), 98–112. (12) Felton, D. Advice to Tyrants: The Motif of “Enigmatic Counsel” in Greek and Roman Texts. Phoenix 1998, 52 (1–2), 42–54. (13) Feather, N. T. Attitudes towards the High Achiever: The Fall of the Tall Poppy. Australian Journal of Psychology 1989, 41 (3), 239–267. (14) Nikel, D. What Exactly Is Janteloven? Life in Norway, 2015. https://www.lifeinnorway.net/what-exactly-is-janteloven/ (accessed Dec 10, 2021). (15) Ahlness A. Janteloven and Social Conformity in Thorbørn Egner’s Literature, 2014. http://ncurproceedings.org/ojs/index.php/NCUR2014/article/view/738 (accessed Oct 8, 2019). (16) Matsumoto, D. Culture and Self: An Empirical Assessment of Markus and Kitayama’s Theory of Independent and Interdependent Self-Construals. Asian Journal of Social Psychology 1999, 2, 289–310. (17) Licuanan, P. A Moral Recovery Program: Building a People – Building a Nation. In: Dy, M. B. (ed) Values in Philippine Culture and Education: Philippine Philosophical Studies, 1; The Council for Research in Values and Philosophy: Washington, DC, 1994, pp. 35–54. (18) Ockhuysen, S. It's Time to Do Better and Cut Tall Poppy Syndrome out of Our Culture. Stuff, Feb 20, 2020. https://www.stuff.co.nz/taranaki-daily-news/news/119627156/its-time-to-do-better-and-cut-tall-poppy-syndrome-out-of-our-culture (accessed Dec 11, 2021) (19) Kirkwood, J. Tall Poppy Syndrome: Implications for Entrepreneurship in New Zealand. Journal of Management & Organization 2007, 13 (4), 366–382.

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"Richards, E. J (ed.; with J. Williamson and N. Margolis, C. Reno), Reinterpreting Christine de Pizan." Notes and Queries, September 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nq/40.3.355.

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Crocker, T. E., A. J. Rose, Jeffrey G. Williamson, and Peter C. Andersen. "Deciduous Fruit for the Home Garden in Central Florida." EDIS 2009, no. 4 (May 31, 2009). http://dx.doi.org/10.32473/edis-mg366-2009.

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Revised! Circular 1221, an 18-page illustrated circular by T. E. Crocker, A. J. Rose, J. G. Williamson, and P. C. Andersen, describes the various types of orchard fruits, their suitability to the Florida home orchard, and the process involved in raising a home orchard. Includes references. Published by the UF Department of Horticultural Sciences, May 2009.

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Howarth, Peter. "Sculpture and Faith at St Paul’s Cathedral, c. 1796–1914: F. J. Williamson, Monument to Henry Hart Milman (1876)." Journal of Victorian Culture, May 12, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jvcult/vcac030.

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Abstract Milman’s monument represents the Dean as if he had just fallen asleep, with little reference either to death or resurrection. Milman was an historian and man of letters as well as Dean of St Paul’s, and the article argues that this monument reflects his latitudinarian tendency to regard sacred history with wise suspicion, but also to overlook the apocalyptic, world-interrupting demands of his own faith.

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"Erratum for the Report "Molten uranium dioxide structure and dynamics" by L. B. Skinner, C. J. Benmore, J. K. R. Weber, M. A. Williamson, A. Tamalonis, A. Hebden, T. Wiencek, O. L. G. Alderman, M. Guthrie, L. Leibowitz, J. B. Parise." Science 348, no. 6234 (April 30, 2015): aab3869. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aab3869.

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"Erratum for the Research Article: “High-throughput pairing of T cell receptor α and β sequences” by B. Howie, A. M. Sherwood, A. D. Berkebile, J. Berka, R. O. Emerson, D. W. Williamson, I. Kirsch, M. Vignali, M. J. Rieder, C. S. Carlson, H. S. Robins." Science Translational Medicine 7, no. 309 (October 14, 2015): 309er7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aad5480.

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Journal articles on the topic 'J. C. Williamson Theatres'

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