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Mithra, Prasanna, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Rekha Thapar, Nithin Kumar, Ramesh Holla, and Priya Rathi. "Modular intervention to improve paternal involvement and support for better infant and young child feeding in a district of coastal South India: a randomized controlled trial protocol." F1000Research 10 (May 10, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.36376.2.
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Background: The major determinant to the well-being of infants and young children (IYC) is their feeding practices. These practices are the responsibility of both parents, meaning that fathers have an equal role to mothers. Fathers’ involvement can have an impact on the overall health of the children. Despite this, paternal involvement towards IYC feeding (IYCF) have not been studied adequately. Methods: This randomized control trial (n=120) will be conducted among fathers of infants (children aged <1 year) and young children (children aged 12-23 months) in selected households in Dakshina Kannada District of the southern Indian State of Karnataka. The study will be conducted after an initial baseline assessment on awareness, attitude and involvement of fathers in IYCF. Fathers with scores less than the 50th percentile in the practice component will be categorized as fathers with poor involvement and will be potential participants for the trial. A visual module will be developed and validated for improving paternal involvement in IYCF. Using a simple randomization technique, the participants will be allocated to modular intervention and control group (1:1 allocation). Each participant in the intervention arm will be visited once a month to implement the module, for six months on a one-to-one basis. Following the intervention, a post-test assessment will be done for both groups to measure the level of paternal involvement in IYCF. Ethics and dissemination: Approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India. The dissemination plans include scientific conferences and publication in scientific journals. Registration: The study is registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2017/06/008936).
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Mithra, Prasanna, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Rekha Thapar, Nithin Kumar, Ramesh Holla, and Priya Rathi. "Modular intervention to improve paternal involvement and support for better infant and young child feeding in a district of coastal South India: a randomized controlled trial protocol." F1000Research 10 (February 17, 2021): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.36376.1.
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Background: The major determinant to the well-being of infants and young children (IYC) is their feeding practices. These practices are the responsibility of both parents, meaning that fathers have an equal role to mothers. Fathers’ involvement can have an impact on the overall health of the children. Despite this, paternal involvement towards IYC feeding (IYCF) have not been studied adequately. Methods: This randomized control trial (n=120) will be conducted among fathers of infants (children aged <1 year) and young children (children aged 12-23 months) in selected households in Dakshina Kannada District of the southern Indian State of Karnataka. The study will be conducted after an initial baseline assessment on awareness, attitude and involvement of fathers in IYCF. Fathers with scores less than the 50th percentile in the practice component will be categorized as fathers with poor involvement and will be potential participants for the trial. A visual module will be developed and validated for improving paternal involvement in IYCF. Using a simple randomization technique, the participants will be allocated to modular intervention and control group (1:1 allocation). Each participant in the intervention arm will be visited once a month to implement the module, for six months on a one-to-one basis. Following the intervention, a post-test assessment will be done for both groups to measure the level of paternal involvement in IYCF. Ethics and dissemination: Approval has been obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee of Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India. The dissemination plans include scientific conferences and publication in scientific journals. Registration: The study is registered with Clinical Trial Registry of India (CTRI/2017/06/008936).
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Bagali, Adarsh, Karthikeyan Kadirvel, Ilamaran V., and P. Soundararajan. "Infant and young child feeding practices in children aged fifteen to twenty months." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 8, no. 6 (May 25, 2021): 3070. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20212017.
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Background: Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices plays a very crucial role in early child growth and development. We aimed to find the prevalence of optimal IYCF practices and correlate with the anthropometric measures. Methods: This hospital based cross sectional study, involving 345 children aged between 15 to 20 months from April 2018 to April 2020 whose mothers were interviewed using a pre-validated questionnaire.Results: The prevalence of optimal IYCF practices were comparable with the published data. Higher maternal education, higher socio-economic status was significantly associated with better IYCF indicators.Conclusions: Improved IYCF practices have the potential to improve child’s nutritional status.
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Dhami, Mansi, Felix Ogbo, Blessing Akombi-Inyang, Raphael Torome, and Kingsley Agho. "Understanding the Enablers and Barriers to Appropriate Infants and Young Child Feeding Practices in India: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 13, no. 3 (March 2, 2021): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13030825.
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Despite efforts to promote infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices, there is no collective review of evidence on IYCF enablers and barriers in India. This review was conducted using 2015 Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. Six computerized bibliographic databases, Scopus, PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Embase, and Ovid MEDLINE, were searched for published studies on factors associated with IYCF practices in India from 1 January 1993, to 30 April 2020. IYCF practices examined were early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, continued breastfeeding at one year, introduction to solid semi-solid or soft foods, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, minimum acceptable diet, continued breastfeeding at two years, predominant breastfeeding, and bottle feeding. In total, 6968 articles were retrieved, and 46 studies met the inclusion criteria. The common enablers of IYCF were higher maternal socioeconomic status (SES) and more frequent antenatal care visits (ANC) (≥3). Common barriers to IYCF practices were low SES and less frequent ANC. The review showed that the factors associated with IYCF practices in India are largely modifiable and multi-factorial. Improving IYCF practices would require the adoption of both facilities- and community-based policy interventions at the subnational and national levels in India.
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Tanuwijaya, Rani Rahmasari, Wahyu Permata Sri Tunggal Djati, and Saskiyanto Manggabarani. "Correlation Between Mother’s Infants and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Knowledge with Nutritional Status of Toddlers." Jurnal Dunia Gizi 3, no. 2 (February 17, 2021): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.33085/jdg.v3i2.4717.
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Background: Nutrition is one of the essential parts of the child's growth and development phase. Adequate nutrition intake since the early stage is associated with the nutritional status of children. One factor that affects nutritional status improvement is an appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF). Another important factor of the successful IYCF is the mother's infant and young child feeding (IYCF) knowledge.Subjects and method: The design of this study was a descriptive-analytic study using a cross-sectional approach. This research was conducted in Pagelaran Village, Pagelaran District, Pandeglang. The study sample was 92 mothers of toddlers. The data were collected using a questionnaire about IYCF knowledge and were analyzed using the Chi-Square test.Result: This study showed that there was no significant correlation between mother’s IYCF knowledge and nutrition status of weight-for-age (p=0.088), length/height-for-age (p=0.226), and weight-for-height or weight-for-length (p=0.226).Conclusion: The mother's knowledge of IYCF has a vital role in the success of IYCF and will improve children's nutritional status.
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Faisal, Elvyrah, Fahmi Hafid, Dwi Erma Kusumawati, Nasrul Nasrul, and Jurana Jurana. "The Implementation of Infant and Young Children Feeding Counseling." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, E (March 17, 2021): 224–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.5882.
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BACKGROUND: Counseling is an important part of successful infant and young child feeding (IYCF). Optimal IYCF is a key area for improving child survival and promoting healthy growth and development. AIM: The purpose of this study is to determine the characteristics and to provide an overview of the input, process, and output components of IYCF counseling in the Central Sulawesi stunting area. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This type of research is a semi-quantitative study which describes the knowledge and abilities of counselors. The population in this study were nutrition officers, midwives, and cadres who had received IYCF training and had followed the orientation of the IYCF module for at least 30 h in stunting focus locations. The sample in the study was counselors who received training in three subdistricts of Central of Sulawesi. RESULTS: The informants were 14 IYCF counselors. All respondents were female, aged 22–48 years. The method of counseling is by the counselor visiting pregnant women/mothers of toddlers/caregivers directly and face to face. In general, inadequate counseling room facilities are the barrier faced by counselors. Training was only limited to orientation and there was no post-training monitoring. The activities carried out by the counselor are in the range of 70–86%. Benefit of giving counseling for IYCF is that mothers will know nutritional status of their children. IYCF increases knowledge about breastfeeding better than milk formulas, the right type and age of feeding. The training has referred to the module referring to the WHO/UNICEF module which is presented in 37 h of field lessons. CONCLUSIONS: Counseling is an important part of successful IYCF. The method of counseling is by the counselor visiting pregnant women/mothers of toddlers/caregivers directly and face to face. Benefit of giving counseling for IYCF is that mothers will know nutritional status of their children.
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Vinshula, Joeberate, Avita Johnson, Anna Rachel Menezes, Merlyn Joseph, Srilekha C, Priya S, and Jessi Jennifer. "Influence of media (internet and smartphone applications) on infant and young child feeding practices among mothers of children under 5 years availing health care in a rural hospital in Ramanagara district, Karnataka." Indian Journal of Child Health 9, no. 5 (May 30, 2022): 77–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.32677/ijch.v9i5.3427.
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Background: Appropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are a key strategy to reduce under-5 mortality. Increasing mobile technology penetration in rural areas can influence IYCF practices. Aims: This study aims to assess IYCF practices among mothers of children under 5, in a rural maternity hospital in Ramanagara district and its association with the use of various mass media including internet and smartphones. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 89 mothers and a pre-tested face-validated semi-structured interview schedule was administered to collect information regarding sociodemographic details, IYCF practices, and use of media. Results: The mean age of the study population was 23.84±3.5 years. About 44.9% of them had their last child in the age group of 6–24 months. About 87.6% of them were breastfed within the 1st h of birth. The mean age of starting complementary feeding was 7±2.6 months. About 98.9% had access to a smartphone, however, only 19.1% used WhatsApp videos and messages and 12.3% internet to search for information regarding IYCF practices. Almost all respondents reported health-care providers as their primary source of information regarding IYCF practices. Conclusion: IYCF practices of the study population were better than national average. These findings highlight the importance of the role of grassroot level workers and primary care physicians in imparting knowledge among mothers in IYCF practices. The scope of using media to bring about behavior change communication in this context can be explored.
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Kohli, Sahiba, and Ravinder Chadha. "Counselling skills of Accredited Social Health Activists for promotion of optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding practices." Indian Journal of Community Health 32, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 137–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.47203/ijch.2020.v32i01.028.
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Background: Accredited Social Health Activists (ASHAs) play an important role in communicating messages related to infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. Adequate knowledge and counselling skills are crucial for effective behavior change among mothers. Objective: To assess counselling skills of ASHAs for promotion of optimal IYCF practices among mothers of young children. Material & Methods: ASHAs (n=190) were selected randomly from 21 primary health centres in Delhi. Their knowledge and counselling skills for promotion of optimal IYCF practices were assessed using a questionnaire and simulated counselling sessions based on WHO IYCF counselling course (2006) and IYCF guidelines by WHO (2009), GOI (2006) and IAP (2016). Results: Mean scores of ASHAs on optimal IYCF knowledge and counselling skills were 65.2±11.8% (n=190) and 41.8±9.4% (n=182) respectively. Less than half (45%) of the appropriate key messages were correctly communicated by ASHAs during the simulated counselling sessions. Majority of ASHAs (>75%) used helpful non-verbal communication, simple language and tried solving problems while counselling. Inability to empathise with caregivers, praising good practices and assessing their understanding were the communication skills which most ASHAs (>95%) lacked. Conclusion: There is need to focus on improving their counselling skills for effective promotion of optimal IYCF practices.
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Syihab, Syifa Fakhomah, Ayu Mutiara Santanu, Delita Septia Rosdiana, and Isti Kumalasari. "Counselor’s Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Counselling." Jurnal Gizi Indonesia (The Indonesian Journal of Nutrition) 10, no. 1 (December 22, 2021): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jgi.10.1.54-60.
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Background: Efforts to reduce the prevalence of undernutrition can be done with the proper IYCF practices. IYCF promotion and counseling activities for caregivers can increase the success of IYCF implementation and reduce the prevalence of malnutrition.Objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the association between the level of education, knowledge, and behavior of Posyandu counselors on IYCF practice in the Parongpong District of West Bandung Regency.Materials and Methods: This research is a cross-sectional study with a consecutive sampling technique. Descriptive analysis was conducted to describe the characteristics of the respondents, and the multivariate test was used to determine the variables meets the model equation.Results: Multivariable analysis showed that the variables that were significantly related to the practice of IYCF counseling were the level of education, knowledge, and behavior which were controlled by the confounding variable for the period of being a counselor.Conclusion: The level of education, knowledge, and behavior of Posyandu counselors in IYCF counseling practice is an important factor that can support the improvement of children's nutritional status.
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Martinez, Sebastian, Julia Johannsen, Gaston Gertner, Jorge Franco, Ana B. Perez Exposito, Rosario M. Bartolini, Irma Condori, et al. "Effects of a home-based participatory play intervention on infant and young child nutrition: a randomised evaluation among low-income households in El Alto, Bolivia." BMJ Global Health 3, no. 3 (May 2018): e000687. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2017-000687.
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BackgroundStunting affects child survival and is a key indicator of child well-being. Therefore, reducing stunting is a global goal. Improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices is a recommended approach to reduce the risk of mortality and ameliorate nutritional status. Behavioural change interventions have the potential to improve IYCF practices.MethodsWe evaluated the effectiveness of an innovative behavioural change strategy on caregiver’s knowledge, IYCF practices and nutritional status of children from low-income households in El Alto, Bolivia. Home visits used culturally adapted participatory play strategies to promote recommended IYCF practices. A total of 2014 households with children younger than 12 months at baseline were randomly assigned to treatment and control groups.FindingsCaregiver knowledge and IYCF practices improved by 0.2 SD, as did food expenditures on recommended foods and dietary diversity. No significant effects were detected on anthropometric indicators or anaemia. Treatment compliance was 88% of households at enrolment and 66% at completion.InterpretationParticipatory play-based behavioural change strategies are a promising delivery model to improve recommended IYCF practices. After 30 months of intervention, we found sustained positive effects on caregiver’s knowledge and IYCF practices but no effect on nutritional status. Despite the lack of effect on linear growth and anaemia, our results highlight the relevance of implementing interventions that improve IYCF practices due to their importance for early development and prevention of obesity. Other contextual variables, apart from diet, that could be limiting children’s growth potential in this population need to be identified to design holistic approaches that improve child well-being and human capital.
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Moras, Karen Janice, Asha D. Benakappa, and Gangadhar Belavadi. "Determination of the impact of infant and young child feeding counselling services on the knowledge of mother-children dyads less than two years." International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics 8, no. 7 (June 24, 2021): 1151. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20212323.
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Background: Optimum infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential for adequate growth and development of infants and children. Malnutrition in children occurs almost entirely during the first two years of life, is virtually irreversible after that. Despite the IYCF guidelines, there is no consistent literature on the prevalence of existing IYCF practices and impact of optimum IYCF practices. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence of existing IYCF practices and to determine the impact of IYCF counseling in children less than 2 years.Methods: A cross-sectional before and after study was done in mother-children dyads (aged 0-24 months). All 125 mother-children dyads were interviewed using prevalidated IYCF questionnaire after obtaining informed consent. The pre-counseling knowledge of mothers, on existing IYCF practices were analyzed using IYCF core and optional indicators. At 6 weeks, the post-counselling knowledge of the mothers was assessed using the same core and optional indicators.Results: Exclusive breastfeeding was seen in 18 of 43 (41.8%) mothers who showed statistically significant improvement to 40 (93%) (p<0.001) after counseling. Children ever breastfed were 62.4%. Predominat breastfeeding was observed in 24%. Initiation of complementary feeding at 6 months of age, improved significantly (p<0.001) post-counseling from 19 mothers (82.6%) to 23 mothers (100%). Minimum dietary diversity improved significantly post counseling, from 23 (28.7%) children to 70 children (87.5%) (p=0.03). Minimum meal frequency was only 22 (48.8%) in breastfed and 8 (22.9%) in non-breastfed children before counseling and improved to 40 (88.9%) in breastfed and 28 (80%) in non-breastfed children (p=0.04). The minimum acceptable diet was given to 2 (4.4%) children aged 6-23 months out of 45 in the breastfed group and on counseling, it improved to 37 (82.23%), which was statistically significant (p<0.001). Among the 35 non-breastfed children, with 2 children aged 6-23 months receiving minimally acceptable diet increased to 28 (80%) post counseling, which was found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001). A significant reduction in bottle feeding was observed from 52 (41.6%) mothers bottle feeding pre counseling, to 18 (1.4%) post counseling (p<0.001).Conclusions: The present study concludes that maternal education on IYCF practices improves their knowledge significantly irrespective of their socioeconomic and education status. Effective IYCF counselling services improve the growth and development of a child. IYCF counselling services provide a critical window of opportunity to tackle the malnutrition crisis and ensure and promote appropriate child growth and survival.
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Flax, Valerie L., Mariam Fagbemi, Courtney H. Schnefke, Auwalu A. Kawu, Susan Edwards, Jennifer Unangst, and Sujata Bose. "Impacts of a social and behavior change communication program implemented at scale on infant and young feeding practices in Nigeria: Results of a cluster-randomized evaluation." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 8, 2022): e0277137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277137.
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Background Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are important for child survival and healthy growth, but IYCF practices remain suboptimal in Nigeria. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of Alive & Thrive’s IYCF social and behavior change communication intervention on early initiation of breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and minimum dietary diversity in Kaduna and Lagos States. Methods Local government areas were randomly allocated to intervention or comparison. Cross-sectional surveys of households with children aged 0–23 months were conducted [N = 6,266 baseline (2017), N = 7,320 endline (2020)]. Logistic regression was used to calculate difference-in-differences estimates (DDEs) of impact on IYCF practices and to assess within group changes from baseline to endline. Associations between intervention exposures and IYCF practices were tested in both study groups combined. Results In Kaduna, a positive differential effect of the intervention was found for exclusive breastfeeding (adjusted DDE 8.9 pp, P<0.099). Increases in both study groups from baseline to endline were observed in Kaduna for early initiation of breastfeeding (intervention 12.2 pp, P = 0.010; comparison 6.4 pp, P = 0.118) and minimum dietary diversity (intervention 20.0 pp, P<0.001; comparison 19.7 pp, P<0.001), which eliminated differential effects. In Lagos, no differential intervention impacts were found on IYCF practices because changes in early initiation of breastfeeding from baseline to endline were small in both study groups and increases in both study groups from baseline to endline were observed for exclusive breastfeeding (intervention 8.9 pp, P = 0.05; comparison 6.6 pp, P<0.001) and minimum dietary diversity (intervention 18.9 pp, P<0.001; comparison 24.3 pp, P<0.001). Odds of all three IYCF practices increased with exposure to facility-based interpersonal communication in both states and with community mobilization or mass media exposure in Kaduna. Conclusions This evaluation found weak impacts of the Alive & Thrive intervention on IYCF practices in the difference-in-differences analysis because of suspected intervention spillover to the comparison group. Substantial within group increases in IYCF practices from baseline to endline are likely attributable to the intervention, which was the major IYCF promotion activity in both states. This is supported by the association between intervention exposures and IYCF practices. Trial registration The study was registered with clinicaltrials.gov (NCT02975063).
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Hromi-Fiedler, Amber, Adam Sandow, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Cecilia Segbedji, Adolphina Addo-Lartey, and Richmond Aryeetey. "Barriers and Facilitators to Optimal Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in the Central Region of Ghana: Perceptions of Heath Care Providers." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 576. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.034.
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Abstract Objectives This qualitative study sought to describe provider's perspectives on barriers and facilitators to optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices (primarily exclusive breastfeeding (EBF), meal frequency, and diet diversity) among caregivers in Central Region of Ghana. Methods Qualitative data were collected through audiotaped in-depth interviews with care providers from three districts within the Central Region of Ghana: Gomoa East, KEEA, and Assin South (N = 18). Interviews were conducted in English, were audio taped, and transcribed. Transcripts were read and coded independently by two authors, consensus was reached about emerging domains and themes, and a final codebook was developed. The socioecological model was used to map barriers and facilitators for EBF and complementary feeding (CF) practices. Results Preliminary findings showed that several barriers and facilitators were similar for EBF and CF within each level. Individual level barriers included returning to work, poor maternal hygiene and ill health, limited maternal IYCF knowledge. Additional EBF barriers included not recognizing early hunger signs, breast problems, perceived breastmilk insufficiency while additional CF barriers were related to food access, time for preparation, and food safety. Interpersonal barriers/facilitators included family/provider support, family cultural beliefs/practices, family influence on practices, provider IYCF knowledge/education delivery, role modeling. Community level barriers/facilitators were related to the built environment including access to health facility and sanitation as well as community-level characteristics such as illiteracy and traditional beliefs. Societal barriers/facilitators included industry advertising, and IYCF policies/guidelines. Poverty was identified as a cross-cutting barrier. Providers recommended intensifying IYCF counseling, home visits to address barriers and training IYCF counseling. Conclusions Providers were aware of challenges caregivers face when trying to practice optimal IYCF. Multi-level interventions are needed, including IYCF counseling to address identified barriers. Funding Sources This study was funded by UNICEF-Ghana.
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Rabbani, Amna, Zahra A. Padhani, Faareha A Siddiqui, Jai K. Das, and Zulfiqar Bhutta. "Systematic review of infant and young child feeding practices in conflict areas: what the evidence advocates." BMJ Open 10, no. 9 (September 2020): e036757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-036757.
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BackgroundBreast feeding in conflict settings is known to be the safest way to protect infant and young children from malnourishment and increased risk of infections. This systematic review assesses the evidence on infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in conflict settings.MethodologyWe conducted a search in PubMed and CENTRAL and also searched for grey literature from the year 1980 to August 2019. We included studies conducted in settings inflicted with armed conflict; which comprised settings undergoing conflict, as well as, those within 5 years of its cessation. Studies were included if they discussed IYCF practices, barriers, programmes and guidelines to promote and improve IYCF practices. Two review authors independently evaluated and screened studies for eligibility and extracted data; followed by a descriptive and thematic analysis.ResultsWe included 56 studies in our review including 11 published articles and 45 reports from grey literature and broadly classified into four predetermined sections: epidemiology (n=24), barriers/enablers (n=18), programmes/interventions (n=15) and implementation guidelines (n=30). Epidemiological evidence shows that IYCF practices were generally poor in conflict settings with median prevalence of exclusive breast feeding at 25%, continued breast feeding at 29%, bottle feeding at 58.3%, introduction to solid, semisolid or soft foods at 71.1% and minimum dietary diversity at 60.3%.IYCF practices were affected by displacement, stress, maternal malnutrition and mental health, family casualties and free distribution of breast milk substitutes. To improve IYCF, several interventions were implemented; including, training of health workers, educating mothers, community networking and mobilisation, lactation-support service, baby friendly hospital initiative, mother–baby friendly spaces and support groups.ConclusionThe evidence suggests that IYCF practices are generally poor in conflict inflicted settings. However, there is potential for improvement by designing effective interventions, responsibly disseminating, monitoring and implementing IYCF guidelines as prescribed by WHO development partners, government and non-government organisations with dedicated funds and investing in capacity development.
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Annissa Niswanto, Nuril, Nasaruddin Nasaruddin, and Marthoenis Marthoenis. "Investigating the midwives’ knowledge on infant and young child feeding during the COVID-19 pandemic." E3S Web of Conferences 340 (2022): 05013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202234005013.
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Implementing the WHO gold standards for Infant & Young Child Feeding (IYCF) may help in preventing stunting, which may worsen during Covid-19 Pandemic. Midwives can help educating the mother in proper child feeding. This research aimed to assess the knowledge of midwives working in the community on IYCF during Covid-19. A total of 88 midwives working in various healthcare facilities participated in this study. Using online survey methods, they were invited to answers questions that measure their knowledge on basic practices of IYCF, Covid-19 transmission risk in breastfeeding dyads, breastfeeding practices, and complementary feeding during the pandemic. It was found that the rate of good, moderate and poor knowledge on IYCF during Covid-19 Pandemic were 23%, 67% and 19%, respectively. In conclusion, less than one third of the respondents showed good knowledge – something requiring investigation on the strategies to build stronger capacity of midwives in terms of IYCF during Covid-19 Pandemic.
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Chandorkar, Suneeta, and Tasneem Miyawala. "Assessing gaps in Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) practices and capacity building of functionaries and beneficiaries of Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) for improved outcomes." Journal of Nutrition Research 2, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.55289/jnutres/v2i1.3.
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Knowledge, Attitude and Practices (KAP) of Anganwadi workers (AWW) i.e. ICDS functionaries and mothers regarding maternal health care practices during pregnancy and IYCF practices were assessed. The AWWs were well aware about the objectives of the ICDS program. Knowledge scores of functionaries regarding maternal health care and IYCF at baseline were good. Most AWWs had little information on the importance of the Nutrition Health Education (NHE) service and how it should be implemented. Knowledge scores of mothers regarding IYCF were sub optimal. Utilisation of antenatal care by mothers was good with 90% of mothers receiving more than three checkups. Utilisation of food supplements and attending sessions by mothers at the Anganwadi (ICDS centre) was sub-optimal at baseline. There was lack of convergence between ICDS and health sector. Appropriate interventions led to improved counseling and delivery of nutrition, health services by ICDS functionaries and adoption of optimal IYCF practices by mothers. Key Words: Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF); Antenatal Check up; Counseling; Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Program
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Macharia, T. N., S. Ochola, M. K. Mutua, and E. W. Kimani-Murage. "Association between household food security and infant feeding practices in urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 9, no. 1 (January 18, 2018): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2040174417001064.
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Studies in urban informal settlements show widespread inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and high rates of food insecurity. This study assessed the association between household food security and IYCF practices in two urban informal settlements in Nairobi, Kenya. The study adopted a longitudinal design that involved a census sample of 1110 children less than 12 months of age and their mothers aged between 12 and 49 years. A questionnaire was used to collect information on: IYCF practices and household food security. Logistic regression was used to determine the association between food insecurity and IYFC practices. The findings showed high household food insecurity; only 19.5% of the households were food secure based on Household Insecurity Access Score. Infant feeding practices were inappropriate: 76% attained minimum meal frequency; 41% of the children attained a minimum dietary diversity; and 27% attained minimum acceptable diet. With the exception of the minimum meal frequency, infants living in food secure households were significantly more likely to achieve appropriate infant feeding practices than those in food insecure households: minimum meal frequency (adjusted odds ratio (AOR)=1.26,P=0.530); minimum dietary diversity (AOR=1.84,P=0.046) and minimum acceptable diet (AOR=2.35,P=0.008). The study adds to the existing body of knowledge by demonstrating an association between household food security and infant feeding practices in low-income settings. The findings imply that interventions aimed at improving infant feeding practices and ultimately nutritional status need to also focus on improving household food security.
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Gunawan, Heri, Siti Fatimah, and Apoina Kartini. "HUBUNGAN PENGETAHUAN DAN PRAKTIK PEMBERIAN MAKAN BAYI DAN ANAK (PMBA) SERTA PENGGUNAAN GARAM BERYODIUM DENGAN KEJADIAN STUNTING." Jurnal Kesehatan Masyarakat (Undip) 10, no. 3 (May 29, 2022): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/jkm.v10i3.32765.
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Stunting problems often arise as a result of a lack of knowledge and skills in meeting the nutritional needs of toddlers. Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) is an effort aimed at increasing the knowledge and skills of the community to deal with nutritional problems independently. In addition to feeding patterns, adequate intake of iodine is required for normal physical growth during pregnancy and early life. This study aims to analyze the relationship between knowledge and practice of IYCF and consumption of iodized salt with the case of stunting in toddlers aged 12-24 months.This research is an analytic observational study using a cross sectional design. 87 samples were selected using random sampling technique. The data was collection on the level of knowledge and practice of PMBA carried out interviews with respondents using a questionnaire, collecting data on the use of iodized salt by testing for iodine levels using Lugol's solution (iodine test), measuring body length using an Infantometer and determining nutritional status processed with the WHO anthro application and analyzing data using the test. Continuity Correction stats. IYCF knowledge of the respondents at 76.0% is classified as good, IYCF practice of the respondents at 69% is classified as good and the use of Iodized Salt is at 35.6%. The Continuity Correction ”test showed that there was” a significant association between IYCF“knowledge (p=0.001; PR =14.9), IYCF practice (p=0.001; PR =10.6) and ”the use of iodized salt” (p=0.017; PR =3.7) and the incidence of stunting in children aged 12-24 months.There is an,.association between IYCF practice and knowledge and the use of iodized salt and ”the”incidence”” of stunting in ”children ”aged 12-24 months.
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Nabirye, Zabinah, Frank Kiwanuka, Zainah Nakaye, Ivan Kamurasi, and Agbele Alaba Tolulope. "Mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices in Uganda: a cross-sectional study." F1000Research 7 (June 22, 2018): 877. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.15129.1.
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Background: The benefits of adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding (IYCF) to both the mothers and their infants below two years are well documented. However, compliance to optimal IYCF practices has been noted to vary in different settings. This study sought to establish factors influencing mothers’ adherence to optimal infant and young child feeding practices for babies below two years in Mpigi town council- Mpigi District. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study carried out among 264 mothers of babies between six months to two years of age attending postnatal care units of health facilities in Mpigi town council, Uganda: Mpigi Health Center (HC) IV and Kyaali HC III. Purposive sampling method was used to select the health centers while simple random sampling was then used to select the sample from the selected centers. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and analysis was performed using SPSS version 16. Results: 264 participants were invited to participate in the study, 100% of these fully completed the survey. The majority of the mothers were aged 20 to 34 years (80.3%). After scoring each participant using the four characteristics which included: initiation of breastfeeding within the first hour following birth, exclusive breastfeeding up to 6 months followed by continued breastfeeding with appropriate complementary foods upto 2 years and beyond, the majority of the participants were adherent (79.6%) to IYCF practices while 20.4% were non adherent to IYCF practices. Conclusion: A good estimate of adherence to optimal IYCF practices was revealed in this study. Sustaining well-established policies to support IYCF programmes is recommended to maintain optimal IYCF practices.
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Nurwulansari, Fitria, Deni Kurniadi Sunjaya, Dida Akhmad Gurnida, Dewi Marhaeni Diah Herawati, and Ieva Baniasih Akbar. "A Qualitative Evaluation Study of The Infant and Young Child Feeding Counselling." Pediomaternal Nursing Journal 7, no. 2 (September 15, 2021): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/pmnj.v7i2.28375.
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Introduction: The Infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counselling program is an international strategy to improve IYCF practices in the community. This study aimed to explore the implementation of the program through the logic model approach.Methods: A qualitative method was employed for this evaluation study. Fifteen participants were selected by purposive random sampling, and data collection was conducted by in-depth interview, focus group discussion, observation, and document study. Data were processed from transcription, reduction, coding, categorizing to data interpretation and assessed by content analysis.Results: IYCF training is a cascading training and a combination of adult and fun learning that effectively produces a mixture of counsellors who can provide counselling using the counselling cards. However, the gap in the number of cadre counsellors and the target of counselling, as well as the limited time, low financial support, over workload, and inadequate supervision, resulted in poor recording and low numbers of clients who had been exposed to counselling. Nevertheless, this counselling has a positive effect on maternal knowledge and attitude. Still, the existence of traditional community practices, family and environmental factors are barriers to the implementation of proper IYCF practices.Conclusion: IYCF counselling effectively improved IYCF practices, so it has to be continued with strengthening the number of counsellors, recording and supervision activities. Changing strategy in counselling by involving other adult household members like grandmother or neighbours are explicitly targeted for more effective in improving the practices of infant and young child feeding.
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Chandna, Jaya, Robert Ntozini, Ceri Evans, Gwendoline Kandawasvika, Bernard Chasekwa, Florence D. Majo, Kuda Mutasa, et al. "Effects of improved complementary feeding and improved water, sanitation and hygiene on early child development among HIV-exposed children: substudy of a cluster randomised trial in rural Zimbabwe." BMJ Global Health 5, no. 1 (January 2020): e001718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjgh-2019-001718.
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IntroductionHIV-exposed uninfected children may be at risk of poor neurodevelopment. We aimed to test the impact of improved infant and young child feeding (IYCF) and improved water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) on early child development (ECD) outcomes.MethodsSanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy was a cluster randomised 2×2 factorial trial in rural Zimbabwe ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01824940). Pregnant women were eligible if they lived in study clusters allocated to standard-of-care (SOC; 52 clusters); IYCF (20 g small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplement/day from 6 to 18 months, complementary feeding counselling; 53 clusters); WASH (pit latrine, 2 hand-washing stations, liquid soap, chlorine, play space, hygiene counselling; 53 clusters) or IYCF +WASH (53 clusters). Participants and fieldworkers were not blinded. ECD was assessed at 24 months using the Malawi Developmental Assessment Tool (MDAT; assessing motor, cognitive, language and social skills); MacArthur Bates Communication Development Inventories (assessing vocabulary and grammar); A-not-B test (assessing object permanence) and a self-control task. Intention-to-treat analyses were stratified by maternal HIV status.ResultsCompared with SOC, children randomised to combined IYCF +WASH had higher total MDAT scores (mean difference +4.6; 95% CI 1.9 to 7.2) and MacArthur Bates vocabulary scores (+8.5 words; 95% CI 3.7 to 13.3), but there was no evidence of effects from IYCF or WASH alone. There was no evidence that that any intervention impacted object permanence or self-control.ConclusionsCombining IYCF and WASH interventions significantly improved motor, language and cognitive development in HIV-exposed children.Trial registration numberNCT01824940.
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Na, Muzi, Larissa Jennings, Sameera A. Talegawkar, and Saifuddin Ahmed. "Association between women’s empowerment and infant and child feeding practices in sub-Saharan Africa: an analysis of Demographic and Health Surveys." Public Health Nutrition 18, no. 17 (September 8, 2015): 3155–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980015002621.
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AbstractObjectiveTo explore the relationship between women’s empowerment and WHO recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in sub-Saharan Africa.DesignAnalysis was conducted using data from ten Demographic and Health Surveys between 2010 and 2013. Women’s empowerment was assessed by nine standard items covering three dimensions: economic, socio-familial and legal empowerment. Three core IYCF practices examined were minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet. Separate multivariable logistic regression models were applied for the IYCF practices on dimensional and overall empowerment in each country.SettingBenin, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia, Mali, Niger, Nigeria, Rwanda, Sierra Leone, Uganda and Zimbabwe.SubjectsYoungest singleton children aged 6–23 months and their mothers (n 15 153).ResultsLess than 35 %, 60 % and 18 % of children 6–23 months of age met the criterion of minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency and minimum acceptable diet, respectively. In general, likelihood of meeting the recommended IYCF criteria was positively associated with the economic dimension of women’s empowerment. Socio-familial empowerment was negatively associated with the three feeding criteria, except in Zimbabwe. The legal dimension of empowerment did not show any clear pattern in the associations. Greater overall empowerment of women was consistently and positively associated with multiple IYCF practices in Mali, Rwanda and Sierra Leone. However, consistent negative relationships were found in Benin and Niger. Null or mixed results were observed in the remaining countries.ConclusionsThe importance of women’s empowerment for IYCF practices needs to be discussed by context and by dimension of empowerment.
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Anin, Stephen Kofi, Mahama Saaka, Florian Fischer, and Alexander Kraemer. "Association between Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Indicators and the Nutritional Status of Children (6–23 Months) in Northern Ghana." Nutrients 12, no. 9 (August 24, 2020): 2565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu12092565.
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Although recommended infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices have been found to be protective against undernutrition in some settings, there is no finality yet due to inconsistencies in the literature. A cross-sectional survey of 581 mother-child pairs was conducted in northern Ghana in June 2018. The association between IYCF indicators and child undernutrition (stunting and wasting) were assessed. The descriptive analysis showed that 66.4% of the children (6–23 months) were introduced to complementary feeding in a timely manner, 69.4% met the minimum meal frequency, and 38.9% met the minimum acceptable diet daily. The prevalence of stunting, wasting, underweight and overweight was 33.2%, 14.1%, 27% and 2.6%, respectively. From the multivariable binary logistic regression, child gender, child age group and source of power for lighting the household were significantly associated with wasting. Intake of iron-rich foods, child age group, and maternal height were significantly associated with stunting after adjusting for confounders. The prevalence of the compliance with IYCF indicators was relatively high. None of the individual IYCF indicators showed significant association with undernutrition, except intake of iron-rich foods for stunting. Nutrition-specific interventions targeted at improving IYCF practices, dietary diversification and intake of nutrient-rich meals, should be adopted and scaled up to address undernutrition in northern Ghana.
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Ashok, Sattvika, Sunny Kim, Tanmay Mahapatra, Priya Gokhale, Melinda Munos, Rebecca Heidkamp, and Rasmi Avula. "Validation of Survey Questions on Counseling About Infant and Young Child Feeding Received by Mothers in Bihar, India." Current Developments in Nutrition 6, Supplement_1 (June 2022): 547. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzac060.005.
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Abstract Objectives Scarce data exists on coverage of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) counseling, which includes counseling about breastfeeding and complementary feeding, because few large-scale surveys have included questions to capture the coverage of these essential nutrition interventions. Consequently, maternal report of this information during household surveys has not been validated. We examined the validity of maternal report of IYCF counseling received during home visits and factors associated with response accuracy. Methods Direct observations of home visits conducted by community workers in 40 villages in Bihar, India, served as the “gold standard” to maternal report of IYCF counseling received during 2-week follow-up surveys (n = 444 mothers with children less than 1 year of age, interviews matched to direct observations). Individual-level validity was assessed by calculating sensitivity, specificity, and area under ROC curve (AUC). Population-level bias was measured using the inflation factor (IF). Multivariable regression models were used to examine factors associated with response accuracy. Results Actual prevalence of IYCF counseling during home visits was very high (90.1%). Maternal report of any IYCF counseling received in the past 2 weeks had moderate validity (AUC = 0.60, 95% CI: 0.52, 0.67), and population bias was low (IF = 0.90). However, recall of specific counseling messages varied. Maternal report of any breastfeeding, exclusive breastfeeding, and dietary diversity messages had moderate validity (AUC > 0.60), but other child feeding messages had low individual validity. Maternal characteristics associated with response accuracy varied by indicator, but accuracy on reporting of any IYCF counseling received was associated with higher education level and lower mental stress scores. Conclusions Validity of IYCF counseling coverage varied by indicator but was moderate for several key indicators and performed comparably to other health counseling coverage indicators. Given that counseling is an intervention involving intangible inputs, we consider these modest validity results as positive and suggest that these coverage indicators may be useful for measuring coverage and tracking progress over time. Funding Sources Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, through IMPROVE-Coverage and DataDENT, managed by Johns Hopkins University.
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Nguyen, Phuong H., Edward A. Frongillo, Sunny S. Kim, Amanda A. Zongrone, Amir Jilani, Lan Mai Tran, Tina Sanghvi, and Purnima Menon. "Information Diffusion and Social Norms Are Associated with Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in Bangladesh." Journal of Nutrition 149, no. 11 (August 8, 2019): 2034–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jn/nxz167.
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Abstract Background Interaction within mothers’ social networks can theoretically diffuse messages from interventions and campaigns into norms and practices for infant and young child feeding (IYCF). Objectives We hypothesized that mothers’ social networks, diffusion of information, and social norms differed in intensive [intensive interpersonal counseling (IPC), community mobilization (CM), and mass media (MM)] compared with nonintensive (standard IPC and less-intensive CM and MM) intervention areas, were associated with IYCF practices, and partly explained practice improvement. Methods We conducted household surveys at endline in 2014 and follow-up in 2016 (n = ∼2000 each round). We used multiple regression to test differences and changes in networks, diffusion, and norms within intervention areas. We analyzed paths from intervention exposure to IYCF practices through networks, diffusion, and norms. Results Mothers’ networks were larger in intensive than in nonintensive areas in 2014 and increased in both areas over time [25–38 percentage points (pp)]. The prevalence of receipt of IYCF information was high, with no changes over time in intensive areas but an increase in nonintensive areas (8–16 pp). In both areas, more family members and health workers provided IYCF information over time. Sharing of information increased 17–23 pp in intensive and 11–41 pp in nonintensive areas over time. Perceived descriptive norms improved 8–16 pp in intensive and 17–28 pp in nonintensive areas. Perceived injunctive norms were high in both areas. Breastfeeding practices were associated with networks, diffusion, and norms (OR: 1.6–4.4 times larger comparing highest with lowest quartile). Minimum dietary diversity was associated with larger networks and diffusion (OR: 1.5–2.2) but not with social norms. Indirect paths from intervention exposure to practices explained 34–78% of total effects. Conclusions Diffusion of IYCF information through social networks, reinforced by positive social norms for messages promoted over time, will contribute to positive changes in IYCF practices that may be achieved and sustained through large-scale social and behavior change interventions. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT0274084.
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Mekonnen, Mathewos, Tadele Kinati, Kumera Bekele, Bikila Tesfa, Dejene Hailu, and Kemal Jemal. "Infant and young child feeding practice among mothers of children age 6 to 23 months in Debrelibanos district, North Showa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia." PLOS ONE 16, no. 9 (September 24, 2021): e0257758. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257758.
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Background Inappropriate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practice is the leading cause of malnutrition in children. Data is needed to identify children at risk of poor feeding practice and to target interventions to improve IYCF practices. Therefore, this study aimed to assess IYCF practice and associated factors among mothers of children age 6 to 23 months in Debrelibanos district, north Showa zone, Oromia region, Ethiopia. Method A community-based cross-sectional study design was conducted among 380 mothers of children age 6 to 23 months from March 1 to April 5, 2019. A simple random sampling technique was used to select the respondents. Data was collected using a structured interviewer-administered questionnaire that had been pretested. The data was entered into Epi-Data 3.1 and then transferred to SPSS 21 for analysis. Descriptive statistical analysis was done, and an association between an outcome variable and independent variables was examined in logistic regression models. Result Overall, 65.8% of mothers practiced appropriate IYCF practice. The study revealed that 70.5% of children started breastfeeding within one hour of birth, and 61.6% were breastfed exclusively for six months. Among studied mothers, 79.5% continued to breastfeed their children until 2 years, and 69.2% of the participants started complementary feeding timely at six months. Minimum dietary diversity was observed in 19.2% of children, while minimum meal frequency was found in 79.2%. The majority of mothers (77.6%) fed their babies with bottles. Mother’s educational status of primary school [AOR = 4.50, 95% CI: (1.38,14.61)], husband’s occupation being merchant [AOR = 6.45, 95% CI: (1.51, 27.59)]; antenatal care follows up [AOR = 3.15, % CI: (1.22, 8.12)], radio/television ownership [AOR = 7.41, 95% CI: (2.86, 19.20)], child’s sex being female [AOR = 4.78, 95% CI: (2.26, 10.064) and sufficient knowledge on child feeding [AOR = 2.82, 95% CI: (1.27, 26.26)] were independent predictors for appropriate IYCF practice. Conclusion The prevalence of appropriate infant and young child feeding practice indicators was found to be rather high among the mothers in this study. The use of a bottle to feed babies, in particular is very common among the mothers who were studied. To address child malnutrition, it is critical to educate families about proper IYCF practices. This study suggests that mothers be properly educated about IYCF recommendations at health care facilities during their visits, as well as the promotion of appropriate IYCF through various media.
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Shinwari, Ibrahim, Ahmad Wali Aminee, Kirti Warvadekar, Payal Gupta, Deepika Nayar Chaudhery, and Manoj Kumar Raut. "Infant and young child feeding practices in two provinces of Afghanistan: results from two rounds of large country-lot quality assurance sampling surveys." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 11 (October 25, 2018): 4761. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20184565.
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Background: As per NNS 2013, about 58% of the infants aged 0-5 months were exclusively breastfed. The data also shows that only 41% infants 6-8 months of age were introduced solid, semi-solid and soft foods. Further only 28% of children aged 6-23 months received foods from four or more food groups during last 24 hours preceding the survey. Suboptimal IYCF practices are therefore considered to be an important contributor to the high rates of under nutrition in Afghanistan. The program monitoring at two time points was conducted to inform the program about the current status of the program activities and any course correction required. It was also meant to inform the government and other stakeholders on the feasibility of program strategies in improving IYCF practices and recommendations for scale-up programs.Methods: The program monitoring was performed before and after the (IYCN) program roll out in Wardak and Laghman provinces of Afghanistan. To understand and monitor the status of process and program indicators, a Large Country-Lot Quality Assurance Sampling (LC-LQAS) study design was adopted.Results: Minimum acceptable diet was observed to be 54% (95% CI: 46%, 61%) in the second round, which was 44% (95% CI: 35%, 53%) in the first round.Conclusions: Minimum acceptable diet among the children of age group 6-23 months was found to be consistently doing well in both the rounds. LC-LQAS was found to be an apt method to estimate the IYCN indicators at time points with low resource use.
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Zhang, Xiaoning, Diana Margot Rosenthal, Lorna Benton, and Monica Lakhanpaul. "Cultural Influences on Complementary Feeding Beliefs amongst New Chinese Immigrant Mothers in England: A Mixed Methods Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5468. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155468.
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Adequate nutrition during infancy and early childhood is essential for ensuring the growth, health, and development of children so that they can reach their full potential. There is a current void of data on infant and young child feeding practices (IYCF) in ethnic minority communities in the UK; specifically, it is difficult to find accurate Chinese IYCF data in the UK because survey data often includes Chinese in the category of ‘Chinese or other ethnic group’, further contributing to health inequalities. This mixed methods study aimed to explore the cultural influences on IYCF beliefs among new Chinese immigrant mothers. A total of 31 mothers of infants aged 6–23 months were recruited from informal community organizations. All 31 mothers were born in Mainland China, the mean length of their stay after immigrating to the UK was 10 years (range = 1–21 years), and their mean age was 29 ± 3.40 years. When using the Infant Feeding Style Questionnaire (IFSQ) to investigate IYCF beliefs, the highest score was obtained for responsive attention, with a value of 4.28 ± 0.92, indicating that parents were very attentive to child hunger and satiety cues; lower scores were obtained for indulgence soothing (1.82 ± 1.01), indulgence coaxing (2.11 ± 1.18), indulgence pampering (1.90 ± 0.95), and pressuring to soothe (1.92 ± 0.86), indicating lesser maternal indulgence and pressuring/controlling beliefs. A sub-sample (n = 14) participated in semi-structured interviews in order to understand the balancing sources of information and cultural preferences, the influence of traditional Chinese medicine, and language difficulties in accessing health services. The mothers reported barriers of IYCF beliefs and the introduction of solid foods earlier than the NHS guidelines. This study can promote optimal IYCF in Chinese immigrants and show health services the need to reconcile differences between the perceptions of British and Chinese health beliefs.
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Sandow, Adam, Madelynn Tice, Rafael Pérez-Escamilla, Richmond Aryeetey, and Amber Hromi-Fiedler. "Facilitators of Responsive Feeding/Parenting Knowledge and Practices Among Parents in the Central Region of Ghana." Current Developments in Nutrition 4, Supplement_2 (May 29, 2020): 1069. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzaa054_141.
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Abstract Objectives Identify facilitators of the practice of Responsive Feeding/Parenting (RF/P) among parents of children under 3 years of age in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods Qualitative data was collected through six audiotaped focus group discussions with mothers (n = 27) and fathers (n = 18) living in the Central Region of Ghana who a) were 18 years of age or older; b) had a child under 3 years of age; c) were involved in feeding the child. Transcripts were read and coded independently by three authors, consensus was reached about emerging domains and themes, and a final codebook was developed. Results Three factors were identified as direct facilitators of the practice of RF/P: support, health care providers infant and young child feeding (IYCF) education delivery, and IYCF practice. Family, friends and the community gave parents informational, instrumental and emotional support including education/counseling on childcaring practices, doing chores for parents, giving parents the time off to respond to their children's needs. This support enabled parents to learn and adopt some RF/P behaviours. Health care providers delivered education on IYCF, food safety and, in some instances, provided some RF/P counselling/guidance. This then enabled parents to identify the nutritional and the psychosocial needs of their children and to recognize they should attend to these needs using RF/P knowledge and practice. Non-responsive feeding/parenting practices also emerged within IYCF practices demonstrating the need for more high-quality RF/P education. Conclusions Health care providers as well as family/friends facilitate parent's IYCF practices, which in turn influences their RF/P practices. Strengthening IYCF knowledge delivery through enhanced antenatal and postnatal counselling targeting parents as well as family/friends can promote RF/P knowledge and practices among Ghanaian parents. Funding Sources Hecht-Albert Leadership Award to Dr. Hromi-Fiedler through the Global Health Leadership Institute, Yale University.
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Rahmawati, Siti Mutia, Siti Madanijah, Faisal Anwar, and Risatianti Kolopaking. "The effectiveness education of counseling of infant and young child feeding as intensive to improve counseling performance of Posyandu cadres in Bogor, Indonesia." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 6, no. 6 (May 27, 2019): 2280. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20192138.
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Background: Cadres have an essential role in providing counseling in integrated health service post (Posyandu). Poor capacity cadres may affect information delivery to the mothers/caregivers of under-five children. This study aimed is to assess the effect education of counseling of infant and young child feeding (IYCF) as intensive on the performance of the cadres in providing IYCF counseling.Methods: The study was a quasi-experimental with a pre-post test controlled group. The subjects were 55 Posyandu cadres in Ciomas sub-district Bogor. The intervention was training for cadres using education of counseling of IYCF as intensive carried out in the classroom and the field. Data on knowledge, attitude, motivation and counseling performance of cadres before and after the training were collected using a validated structured questionnaire. The paired and independent T-test was applied to analyze the difference before and after the intervention, and analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was applied to analyze the factors that influence cadre counseling performance.Results: Mean score of knowledge (p=0.00), attitude (p=0.00), motivation (p=0.04), and counseling performance (p=0.00) of cadres in intervention group significantly increased. There is an increase in the score of performance counseling indicators for cadre in the quantity and quality after the education of counseling of IYCF as intensive. All of the indicators of the counseling performance of cadres influenced by educational models, knowledge, attitudes and attended training (p<0.05).Conclusions: Training of cadres using the education of counseling of IYCF as intensive effectively improved the knowledge, attitude, motivation and counseling performance of IYCF practice with indicators of quantity, quality, concern, and character. The capacity building of the cadres should improve continuously through the development of various methods which are more specific and applicable.
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Nsubuga-Nyombi, Tamara, Esther Karamagi, Linda Nabitaka, Samalie Namukose, Jacqueline Calnan, Sheila Nyakwezi, Hanifa Bachou, Lazarus Oucul, and Aurora O. Amoah. "Increasing HIV-Free Survival of Infants: Reorganizing Care Using Quality Improvement for the Optimal Health and Nutrition of HIV-Positive Women and Their Exposed Infants in Uganda." Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC) 18 (January 1, 2019): 232595821985772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325958219857724.
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Reorganizing service delivery to integrate nutrition and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) with prevention of mother-to-child transmission (PMTCT) is important for improving outcomes of HIV-positive mothers and HIV-exposed infants (HEIs). Quality improvement (QI) strategies were implemented at 22 health facilities. The percentage of HIV-positive pregnant women and lactating mothers who received IYCF counseling at each visit improved (45%-100%; mean = 93.1%, standard deviation [SD] = 15.5). Adherence to IYCF practices improved (70%-96%; mean = 92.4%, SD = 8.5). Mother–baby pairs receiving the standard care package improved (0%-100%; mean = 98.6%, SD = 22.6). The HEIs alive at 18 months and infected decreased (mean = 6.2%, SD = 4.8). Statistical significance of change was estimated using Fisher exact test and magnitude of change over time by calculating the odds ratio. For all indicators, improvement was rapid and significant ( P < .001), especially in the first 6 months of QI implementation. Using QI to integrate nutrition and ensure consistent and comprehensive PMTCT service delivery improved IYCF adherence and decreased transmission.
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Memon, Yasmeen, Shazia Memon, and Muhammad Nadeem Chohan. "Awareness and Knowledge Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) Practice among House Officers Versus General Practitioner." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 16, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 661–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs22164661.
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Aim: To compare the awareness and knowledge regarding IYCF practice among House Officers versus general practitioner Study Design: Cross sectional comparative study Place and duration of study: Pediatric Department LUMHS from January 2018 to June 2018 Methodology: A total of 200 doctors were selected with non-probability purposive sampling technique and divided equally in Group A (House Officers and Group B (General Practitioner) for our convenience. A total of 100 fresh medical graduates (House Officers) and 100 general practitioner of at least 3 years’ experience were included in the study. A structured questionnaire was use to collect the information regarding awareness of IYCF. Two groups were compared by using Chi square test and p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: A total of 200 participants were divided in two groups, Group A consist of 100 house officers and Group B 100 general practitioner. Thirty questions were asked from each participants and response rate was 100%. For one question both groups answered 100%, for 27 questions house officers gave correct answers as compared to general practitioner, while for 2 questions general practitioner answers correctly then the house officers. Conclusion: Fresh Doctors (House officers had better knowledge regarding the IYCF practice as compared to General Practitioner. General Practitioner should be trained for IYCF and it should be a part of curriculum of final years MBBS students. Keywords: IYCF, General Practitioners, Mother feeding, Young doctors
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Iqbal, Afrin. "Knowledge and Practices Regarding Infant and Young Child Feeding among Mothers Working in Readymade Garments Sector in Bangladesh: A Cross-Sectional Survey." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 9, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 190–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.9.1.19.
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Optimum is. Adequate Infant and young child feeding (IYCF), critical for child’s growth and development, requires a significant amount of time andcan be challenging for working mothers. In Bangladesh, about four million women work long-hours in Readymade Garment (RMG) factories without proper maternity benefits which raises concern regarding optimum IYCF practice. We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study in Dhaka, Bangladesh to identify the knowledge and common practices of IYCF among mothers working in Readymade Garment sector. Ninety-three women of reproductive age (15-49 years), working in Readymade Garment sector, with children aged 6-23 months, were interviewed. Our study revealed- majority knew about exclusive breast feeding (EBF) (76%), duration to continue breast feeding (73%) and early initiation of breast feeding (53%). The exclusive breast-feeding practice in mothers employed in RMG sector was 44%. Three-fourths of the mothers knew and initiated complementary feeding timely. Both knowledge regarding age-adjusted minimum meal frequency (MMF) (19.4%) and minimum quantity (8.6%) were low; compared to actual practices. Nearly two-fifth of the mothers (40%) had to start working before their child reached six months of age enabling them to provide their baby with breastmilk substitutes. Mothers employed in Readymade Garment sector had better IYCF practice than general population. Proper workplace environment with mandatory breast-feeding corners, daycare facilities and ensuring maternity benefits in these mothers could help achieve an even better IYCF practices for their children.
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Graziose, Matthew M., Shauna M. Downs, Quentin O’Brien, and Jessica Fanzo. "Systematic review of the design, implementation and effectiveness of mass media and nutrition education interventions for infant and young child feeding." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 2 (October 30, 2017): 273–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002786.
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AbstractObjectiveTo systematically review the design, implementation and effectiveness of mass media and nutrition education interventions for improving infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and related psychosocial factors.DesignA search of PubMed, Embase and PsycINFO databases, a Google search, and a consultation with experts in the field of IYCF performed in July 2016.SettingLow- and middle-income countries, as defined by the World Bank Group.SubjectsEligible studies: included a mass media component (with or without nutrition education); conducted a pre–post evaluation (with or without a control group); assessed IYCF knowledge, attitudes, beliefs and/or practices; and were published in English between 2000 and present.ResultsEighteen unique studies were identified that examined the effect of mass media (types included: television; print; voice and/or SMS (text) messages; radio; megaphones/loudspeakers; videos; social media; songs/dramas) and nutrition education interventions on IYCF practices within thirteen countries. Of these, fifteen studies reported improvements in breast- and/or complementary feeding practices, using indicators recommended by the WHO, and six studies reported improvements in related psychosocial factors. However, little detail was provided on the use of formative research, a formal behaviour change theory and behaviour change techniques. Few studies reported both dose delivered and participants’ exposure to the intervention.ConclusionsDespite evidence of effectiveness, few common elements in the design of interventions were identified. Future research should consistently report these details to open the ‘black box’ of IYCF interventions, identify effective design components and ensure replicability.
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Morseth, Marianne S., Liv Elin Torheim, Mekdes K. Gebremariam, Ram K. Chandyo, Manjeswori Ulak, Sanjaya K. Shrestha, Binob Shrestha, and Sigrun Henjum. "Tracking of infant and young child feeding practices among 9- to 24-month-old children in Nepal: the MAL-ED Birth Cohort Study." Public Health Nutrition 21, no. 2 (October 17, 2017): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017002294.
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AbstractObjectiveThe present study aimed to assess infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and the tracking of dietary diversity score (DDS), intakes of Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods and meal frequency in a peri-urban area in Nepal. Furthermore, to explore whether sociodemographic factors were associated with tracking patterns of these IYCF practices.DesignLongitudinal study. Monthly food intake was measured by 24 h recall. Four time slots were used (9–12, 13–16, 17–20 and 21–24 months). Tracking of IYCF practices was investigated using generalized estimating equations (GEE) models and Cohen’s weighted kappa. Multinominal logistic regression was used to identify determinants for tracking of the IYCF practices.SettingBhaktapur municipality, Nepal.SubjectsChildren (n 229) aged 9–24 months, randomly selected.ResultsPrevalence of minimum meal frequency was higher than for minimum dietary diversity at all time slots. Tracking based on absolute measures (GEE models) was moderate for DDS (0·48) and meal frequency (0·53), and low for intakes of Fe- (0·23) and vitamin A-rich (0·35) foods. Tracking based on rank measured was moderate for DDS and meal frequency, and fair for Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods. Low socio-economic status significantly increased the odds (OR; 95 % CI) of tracking of low v. high DDS (3·31; 1·44, 7·60) and meal frequency (3·46; 1·54, 7·76).ConclusionsLow tracking for intakes of Fe- and vitamin A-rich foods implies that interventions to improve these IYCF practices must address underlying causes for irregular intake to have sustainable effects.
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Dafursa, Karisa, and Samson Gebremedhin. "Dietary Diversity among Children Aged 6–23 Months in Aleta Wondo District, Southern Ethiopia." Journal of Nutrition and Metabolism 2019 (November 13, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2869424.
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Background. Dietary diversity (DD) is among the core infant and young child feeding (IYCF) indicators. However, in many developing countries, meeting the minimum standards of DD is challenging and information concerning its determinants is limited. Objective. To assess the level and predictors of DD among children aged 6–23 months in rural communities of Aleta Wondo district, Sidama zone, Southern Ethiopia. Method. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in rural Aleta Wondo in February 2016. Multistage sampling was employed to recruit 502 children aged 6–23 months. DD was assessed by asking the mother whether the index child had received food from the standard seven food groups in the previous day, without setting minimum intake restrictions. Ultimately, the dietary diversity score (DDS) was rated on a 7-point scale, and it was modeled using linear regression analysis. The outputs are presented using adjusted regression coefficients (β). Results. Only 12.0% (95% confidence interval: 9.0–15.0%) of the children met the minimum recommended DD, receiving from four or more from seven food groups. The analysis identified eleven significant predictors of DDS. As the maternal knowledge of IYCF increases by a unit, DDS raised by 0.21 units (p=0.004). Unit increment in the husband’s involvement in the IYCF score was linked with 0.32 units improvement in DDS (p=0.016). One unit change in the ordinal category of household food insecurity was associated with 0.13 reduction in DDS (p=0.001). Similarly, household wealth index (β = 0.54, p=0.041), father’s literacy (β = 0.48, p=0.002), ownership of home garden (β = 0.38, p=0.01), mother’s participation in cooking demonstrations (β = 0.19, p=0.036), and child age in months (β = 0.04, p=0.001) were all positively associated with DDS. Furthermore, receiving IYCF information via mass media (β = 0.04, p=0.001) and during antenatal (β = 0.91, p=0.022) and postnatal checkups (β = 0.21, p=0.043) were positive predictors of DDS. Conclusions. Promoting the socioeconomic status of the community, strengthening of home gardening, involving husbands in IYCF, and enhancing maternal knowledge of IYCF may advance DD.
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Rony Asi, Desima. "Pengaruh Pelaksanaan Konseling Pemberian Makan Bayi dan Anak (PMBA) Terhadap Pengetahuan dan Sikap Ibu yang Memiliki Anak Usia 6-23 Bulan di Wilayah Kerja Puskesmas Merapi I Kabupaten Lahat Tahun 2021." Jurnal Kesehatan Saelmakers PERDANA 5, no. 2 (August 31, 2022): 356–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32524/jksp.v5i2.682.
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Improper infant feeding practices are the main direct cause of malnutrition during the first two years of life. Therefore, it is important to ensure that mothers of infants up to 2 years of age are given proper guidance on optimal feeding for infants and young children. This study aims to analyze the effect of the implementation of Infant and Young Children Feeding (IYCF) counseling on the knowledge and attitudes of mothers who have children aged 6-23 months at Merapi I Public Health Centre, Lahat Regency in 2021 and analyze the implementation of the IYCF counseling program in terms of a systems approach. This study uses a Mix Method Study Approach. The quantitative approach in this study uses a quasi-experimental approach with pre and post designs. The statistical test used in quantitative research is the Wilcoxon signed rank test and the Mann Whitney test. The results of this study state that there is a relationship between knowledge and attitudes with the implementation of the IYCF counseling program, this is based on statistical tests using the Wilcoxon signed rank test in the treatment group and the control group where the p value is less than 0.05, which is 0.000 and for the statistical test results, Mann Whitney U the test after the intervention obtained a significance value of less than 0.05, which is 0.000. For the implementation of IYCF counseling at Merapi I Public Health Centre, Lahat Regency, in terms of a systems approach, there are no policies that regulate the implementation of the program, inadequate human resources, methods that are not optimal, limited budget, and inadequate infrastructure. For the process of implementing this IYCF counseling there is no planning, there is organization, implementation that is not optimal and supervision is not carried out, so that the output from the implementation of this IYCF counseling is not optimally felt by mothers who have children aged 6-23 months at Merapi I Public Health Centre, Lahat Regency.
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Karmacharya, Chandni, Kenda Cunningham, Jowel Choufani, and Suneetha Kadiyala. "Grandmothers’ knowledge positively influences maternal knowledge and infant and young child feeding practices." Public Health Nutrition 20, no. 12 (June 5, 2017): 2114–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980017000969.
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AbstractObjectiveTo examine associations between grandmothers’ knowledge and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices and to test whether the associations are independent of or operate via maternal knowledge.DesignCross-sectional household survey data from households with a child under 5 years (n4080). We used multivariate regression analyses, adjusted for child, maternal, grandmother and household characteristics, and district-level clustering, to test associations between grandmothers’ knowledge and IYCF practices for children aged 6–24 months living with a grandmother. We used causal mediation to formally test the direct effect of grandmothers’ knowledge on IYCF practicesv. maternal knowledge mediating these associations.SettingTwo hundred and forty rural communities, sixteen districts of Nepal.SubjectsChildren aged 6–24 months (n1399), including those living with grandmothers (n748).ResultsWe found that the odds of optimal breast-feeding practices were higher (early breast-feeding initiation: 2·2 times,P=0·002; colostrum feeding: 4·2 times,P<0·001) in households where grandmothers had correct knowledgev. those with incorrect knowledge. The same pattern was found for correct timing of introduction of water (2·6), milk (2·4), semi-solids (3·2), solids (2·9), eggs (2·6) and meat (2·5 times; allP<0·001). For the two pathways we were able to test, mothers’ correct knowledge mediated these associations between grandmothers’ knowledge and IYCF practices: colostrum feeding (b=10·91,P<0·001) and the introduction of complementary foods (b=5·18,P<0·001).ConclusionsGrandmothers’ correct knowledge translated into mothers’ correct knowledge and, therefore, optimal IYCF practices. Given grandmothers’ influence in childcare, engagement of grandmothers in health and nutrition interventions could improve mothers’ knowledge and facilitate better child feeding.
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Dhami, Mansi, Felix Ogbo, Thierno Diallo, Bolajoko Olusanya, Piwuna Goson, and Kingsley Agho. "Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices among Adolescent Mothers and Associated Factors in India." Nutrients 13, no. 7 (July 12, 2021): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu13072376.
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Adequate infant and young child feeding (IYCF) improve child survival and growth. Globally, about 18 million babies are born to mothers aged 18 years or less and have a higher likelihood of adverse birth outcomes in India due to insufficient knowledge of child growth. This paper examined factors associated with IYCF practices among adolescent Indian mothers. This cross-sectional study extracted data on 5148 children aged 0–23 months from the 2015–2016 India National Family Health Survey. Survey logistic regression was used to assess factors associated with IYCF among adolescent mothers. Prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding, early initiation of breastfeeding, timely introduction of complementary feeding, minimum dietary diversity, minimum meal frequency, and minimum acceptable diet rates were: 58.7%, 43.8%, 43.3%, 16.6%, 27.4% and 6.8%, respectively. Maternal education, mode of delivery, frequency of antenatal care (ANC) clinic visits, geographical region, child’s age, and household wealth were the main factors associated with breastfeeding practices while maternal education, maternal marital status, child’s age, frequency of ANC clinic visits, geographical region, and household wealth were factors associated with complementary feeding practices. IYCF practices among adolescent mothers are suboptimal except for breastfeeding. Health and nutritional support interventions should address the factors for these indicators among adolescent mothers in India.
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Rogawski McQuade, Elizabeth T., James A. Platts-Mills, Jean Gratz, Jixian Zhang, Lawrence H. Moulton, Kuda Mutasa, Florence D. Majo, et al. "Impact of Water Quality, Sanitation, Handwashing, and Nutritional Interventions on Enteric Infections in Rural Zimbabwe: The Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) Trial." Journal of Infectious Diseases 221, no. 8 (April 20, 2019): 1379–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz179.
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Abstract Background We assessed the impact of water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) and infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions on enteric infections in the Sanitation Hygiene Infant Nutrition Efficacy (SHINE) trial in rural Zimbabwe. Methods We tested stool samples collected at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months of age and during diarrhea using quantitative molecular diagnostics for 29 pathogens. We estimated the effects of the WASH, IYCF, and combined WASH + IYCF interventions on individual enteropathogen prevalence and quantity, total numbers of pathogens detected, and incidence of pathogen-attributable diarrhea. Results WASH interventions decreased the number of parasites detected (difference in number compared to non-WASH arms, –0.07 [95% confidence interval, –.14 to –.02]), but had no statistically significant effects on bacteria, viruses, or the prevalence and quantity of individual enteropathogens after accounting for multiple comparisons. IYCF interventions had no significant effects on individual or total enteropathogens. Neither intervention had significant effects on pathogen-attributable diarrhea. Conclusions The WASH interventions implemented in SHINE (improved pit latrine, hand-washing stations, liquid soap, point-of-use water chlorination, and clean play space) did not prevent enteric infections. Transformative WASH interventions are needed that are more efficacious in interrupting fecal–oral microbial transmission in children living in highly contaminated environments.
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Carstairs, Sharon A., Leone CA Craig, Debbi Marais, Ourania E. Bora, and Kirsty Kiezebrink. "A comparison of preprepared commercial infant feeding meals with home-cooked recipes." Archives of Disease in Childhood 101, no. 11 (July 19, 2016): 1037–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2015-310098.
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ObjectivesTo compare the cost, nutritional and food variety contents of commercial meals and published infant and young child feeding (IYCF) home-cooked recipes, and to compare nutritional contents to age-specific recommendations.DesignCross-sectional study.SettingFull range of preprepared main meals available within the UK market. Main-meal recipes identified from a survey of Amazon's top 20 best-sellers and IYCF cookbooks available from local libraries.Samples278 commercial IYCF savoury meals from UK market and 408 home-cooked recipes from best-selling IYCF published cookbooks.Main outcome measuresCost and nutritional content per 100 g and food variety per meal for both commercial meals and home-cooked recipes.ResultsCommercial products provided more ‘vegetable’ variety per meal (median=3.0; r=−0.33) than home-cooked recipes (2.0). Home-cooked recipes provided 26% more energy and 44% more protein and total fat than commercial products (r=−0.40, −0.31, −0.40, respectively) while costing less (£0.33/100 g and £0.68/100 g, respectively). The majority of commercial products (65%) met energy density recommendations but 50% of home-cooked recipes exceeded the maximum range.ConclusionsThe majority of commercial meals provided an energy-dense meal with greater vegetable variety per meal to their home-cooked counterparts. Home-cooked recipes provided a cheaper meal option, however the majority exceeded recommendations for energy and fats.
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Smith, Laura E., Dexter T. Chagwena, Claire Bourke, Ruairi Robertson, Shamiso Fernando, Naume V. Tavengwa, Jill Cairns, et al. "Child Health, Agriculture and Integrated Nutrition (CHAIN): protocol for a randomised controlled trial of improved infant and young child feeding in rural Zimbabwe." BMJ Open 12, no. 12 (December 2022): e056435. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056435.
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IntroductionOver one-quarter of children in sub-Saharan Africa are stunted; however, commercial supplements only partially meet child nutrient requirements, cannot be sustainably produced, and do not resolve physiological barriers to adequate nutrition (eg, inflammation, microbiome dysbiosis and metabolic dysfunction). Redesigning current infant and young child feeding (IYCF) interventions using locally available foods to improve intake, uptake and utilisation of nutrients could ameliorate underlying pathogenic pathways and improve infant growth during the critical period of complementary feeding, to reduce the global burden of stunting.Methods and analysisChild Health Agriculture Integrated Nutrition is an open-label, individual household randomised trial comparing the effects of IYCF versus ‘IYCF-plus’ on nutrient intake during infancy. The IYCF intervention comprises behaviour change modules to promote infant nutrition delivered by community health workers, plus small-quantity lipid-based nutrient supplements from 6 to 12 months of age which previously reduced stunting at 18 months of age by ~20% in rural Zimbabwe. The ‘IYCF-plus’ intervention provides these components plus powdered NUA-45 biofortified sugar beans, whole egg powder, moringa leaf powder and provitamin A maize. The trial will enrol 192 infants between 5 and 6 months of age in Shurugwi district, Zimbabwe. Research nurses will collect data plus blood, urine and stool samples at baseline (5–6 months of age) and endline (9–11 months of age). The primary outcome is energy intake, measured by multipass 24-hour dietary recall at 9–11 months of age. Secondary outcomes include nutrient intake, anthropometry and haemoglobin concentration. Nested laboratory substudies will evaluate the gut microbiome, environmental enteric dysfunction, metabolic phenotypes and innate immune function. Qualitative substudies will explore the acceptability and feasibility of the IYCF-plus intervention among participants and community stakeholders, and the effects of migration on food production and consumption.Ethics and disseminationThis trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT04874688) and was approved by the Medical Research Council of Zimbabwe (MRCZ/A/2679) with the final version 1.4 approved on 20 August 2021, following additional amendments. Dissemination of trial results will be conducted through the Community Engagement Advisory Board in the study district and through national-level platforms.Trial registration numberNCT04874688.
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Marah Has, Eka Mishbahatul, Ferry Efendi, Sylvia Dwi Wahyuni, Ika Zulkafika Mahmudah, and Kusnul Chotimah. "Women’s Empowerment and Sociodemographic Characteristics as Determinant of Infant and Young Child Feeding Practice in Indonesia." Current Research in Nutrition and Food Science Journal 10, no. 2 (September 2, 2022): 607–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/crnfsj.10.2.17.
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Proper infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices are essential to promote child's optimum health and improve their survival. Women's empowerment is believed can mediate intra-household resources towards optimal IYCF practice. However, the evidence is limited in South-East Asia. This study was aimed to determine the association of women's empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics with IYCF practice in Indonesia. This cross-sectional study used the 2017 Indonesia Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) data. Samples were 4,923 women of reproductive age (aged 15-49 years) whose last child was aged 6-23 months old. Multiple logistic regression was performed to determine the association of women's empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics with IYCF practice. Child's age 18-23 months old (AOR=6.58; 95% CI=5.121-8.456), husband's occupation in non-agricultural sector (AOR = 2.18; 95% CI: 1.17-4.07), the richest household (AOR=2.83; 95% CI=2.007-4.002), and high level of women's empowerment (AOR=1.311; 95% CI=1.085-1.584), significantly associated with Minimum Dietary Diversity (MDD). Living in urban residence is significantly associated with Minimum Meal Frequency (MMF) (AOR = 1.23; 95% CI=1.026-1.481). Child's age 18-23 months old (AOR=2.31; 95% CI=1.916-2.785), living in the richest household (AOR=1.46; 95% CI=1.121-1.905), in urban residence (AOR=1.224; 95% CI=1.033-1.451), and high level of women's empowerment (AOR=1.27; 95% CI=1.093-1.488), significantly associated with Minimum Acceptable Diet (MAD). While women aged 45-49 years had significant negative association with MAD (AOR=0.342; 95% CI=0.141-0.833; coef. =-1.072). It can be concluded that women empowerment and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with IYCF practice. Therefore, enhancing women's Empowerment through health promotion is inevitable, considering their sociodemographic background.
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Tariqujjaman, Md, Md Mehedi Hasan, Mustafa Mahfuz, Muttaquina Hossain, and Tahmeed Ahmed. "Association between Mother’s Education and Infant and Young Child Feeding Practices in South Asia." Nutrients 14, no. 7 (April 5, 2022): 1514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu14071514.
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The association between mother’s education and the World Health Organization’s (WHO’s) eight Infant and Young Child Feeding (IYCF) core indicators has yet to be explored in South Asia (SA). This study aimed to explore the association between mother’s education and the WHO’s eight IYCF core indicators in SA. We analyzed data from the most recent nationally representative Demographic and Health Surveys of six South Asian Countries (SACs)—Afghanistan, Bangladesh, India, Maldives, Nepal, and Pakistan. We found significantly higher odds (adjusted odds ratio, AOR, 1.13 to 1.47) among mothers who completed secondary or higher education than among mothers with education levels below secondary for the following seven IYCF indicators: early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF), exclusive breastfeeding under 6 months (EBF), the introduction of solid, semisolid or soft foods (ISSSF), minimum dietary diversity (MDD), minimum meal frequency (MMF), minimum acceptable diet (MAD), and consumption of iron-rich or iron-fortified foods (CIRF); the exception was for the indicator of continued breastfeeding at one year. Country-specific analyses revealed significantly higher odds in EIBF (AOR 1.14; 95% CI: 1.11, 1.18) and EBF (AOR 1.27; 95% CI: 1.19, 1.34) among mothers with secondary or higher education levels in India. In contrast, the odds were lower for EIBF in Bangladesh and for EBF in Pakistan among mothers with secondary or higher education levels. For country-specific analyses for complementary feeding indicators such as ISSSF, MDD, MMF, MAD, and CIRF, significantly higher odds (AOR, 1.15 to 2.34) were also observed among mothers with secondary or higher education levels. These findings demonstrate a strong positive association between mother’s education and IYCF indicators. Strengthening national policies to educate women at least to the secondary level in SACs might be a cost-effective intervention for improving IYCF practices.
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Akber, Subhana, Hana Mahmood, Razia Fatima, Ahmed Wali, Ashraful Alam, Syed Yahya Sheraz, Aashifa Yaqoob, et al. "Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration." F1000Research 8 (April 25, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17037.1.
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Background: Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at the infancy and young age of children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age. The latest Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS 2018) however; indicates that only 48% of infants are exclusively breastfed which has been improved from 38% as reported in the past five years but still more improvement is anticipated. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for this post-intervention survey assessing effectiveness of mobile health (mhealth) regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tarlai, Islamabad from May to June 2018. A total of 135 mothers who were earlier included in the intervention phase were recruited after obtaining verbal & written consent. The data was entered in EpiData (3.1) and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of these pregnant and lactating mothers was 30.5 years ± 4.5 SD with the majority of mothers in the age group of 25 to 29 years. After the intervention, the overall knowledge of mothers regarding IYCF nutrition was raised to 69.6% among 94 mothers as compared to 74 (54.8%). Overall attitude regarding IYCF was found to be positive among 86 (63.7%) of the mothers, whereas 88 (65.2%) of the mothers had good IYCF related practices. Conclusion: Our post-intervention survey signifies the effectiveness of mhealth in raising knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers regarding IYCF in rural Islamabad. However, implementation of mhealth in masses requires future research specifically to address the cost-effectiveness of such interventions in maternal & child health programmes.
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Akber, Subhana, Hana Mahmood, Razia Fatima, Ahmed Wali, Ashraful Alam, Syed Yahya Sheraz, Aashifa Yaqoob, et al. "Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration." F1000Research 8 (July 29, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17037.2.
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Background: Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at infancy and young age of the children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age. Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS 2018) however; indicates that only 48% of infants are exclusively breastfed which has been improved from 38% as reported in the past five years but still more improvement is envisaged. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for this post-intervention survey assessing effectiveness of mobile health (mhealth) regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tarlai, Islamabad from May to June 2018. A total of 135 mothers who were earlier included in the intervention phase were recruited after obtaining verbal & written consent. The data was entered in EpiData (3.1) and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of these pregnant and lactating mothers was 30.5 years ± 4.5 SD with the majority of mothers in the age group of 25 to 29 years. After intervention, the overall knowledge of mothers regarding IYCF nutrition was raised among 94 mothers (69.6%) as compared to 74 (54.8%) mothers prior to the intervention. Overall attitude regarding IYCF was found to be positive among 86 (63.7%) of the mothers, whereas 88 (65.2%) of the mothers had good IYCF related practices. Conclusion: Our post-intervention survey signifies the effectiveness of mhealth in raising knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers regarding IYCF in rural Islamabad. However, implementation of mhealth in masses requires future research specifically to address cost-effectiveness of such interventions in maternal & child health programmes.
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Akber, Subhana, Hana Mahmood, Razia Fatima, Ahmed Wali, Ashraful Alam, Syed Yahya Sheraz, Aashifa Yaqoob, et al. "Effectiveness of a mobile health intervention on infant and young child feeding among children ≤ 24 months of age in rural Islamabad over six months duration." F1000Research 8 (October 14, 2019): 551. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17037.3.
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Background: Childhood development is highly influenced by feeding practices at infancy and young age of the children. Unfortunately, according to the National Nutrition Survey (2011), the prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan was 21% at four months, and 13% at six months of age with 51.3% of mothers initiating semisolid foods to their children at the recommended 6-8 months of age. Pakistan Demographic & Health Survey (PDHS 2018) however; indicates that only 48% of infants are exclusively breastfed which has been improved from 38% as reported in the past five years but still more improvement is envisaged. Methods: A quasi-experimental study design was employed for this post-intervention survey assessing effectiveness of mobile health (mhealth) regarding infant & young child feeding (IYCF) among pregnant and lactating mothers in Tarlai, Islamabad from May to June 2018. A total of 135 mothers who were earlier included in the intervention phase were recruited after obtaining verbal & written consent. The data was entered in EpiData (3.1) and analyzed in SPSS version 21. Results: The mean age of these pregnant and lactating mothers was 30.5 years ± 4.5 SD with the majority of mothers in the age group of 25 to 29 years. After intervention, the overall knowledge of mothers regarding IYCF nutrition was raised among 94 mothers (69.6%) as compared to 74 (54.8%) mothers prior to the intervention. Overall attitude regarding IYCF was found to be positive among 86 (63.7%) of the mothers, whereas 88 (65.2%) of the mothers had good IYCF related practices. Conclusion: Our post-intervention survey signifies the effectiveness of mhealth in raising knowledge, attitude, and practices of mothers regarding IYCF in rural Islamabad. However, implementation of mhealth in masses requires future research specifically to address cost-effectiveness of such interventions in maternal & child health programmes.
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Sahu, Samyak, Subrat K. Pradhan, and Sadhu C. Panda. "Infant and young child feeding practices among tribal mothers in Sambalpur district, Odisha, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 3 (February 27, 2020): 1072. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200969.
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Background: Indicators of infant and young child and feeding (IYCF) practices have been devised by WHO in order to help objectively assess the prevalence of these practices in the population. IYCF practices play a vital role in the control of infant and child deaths. This study was undertaken to assess the IYCF practices among children aged less than 2 years among the tribal population. Objective of this study to measure the indicators of IYCF practices in children in the 0-23 months age group.Methods: It is a community based, cross sectional study of infant and young child feeding practices among tribal mothers having children younger than 24 months, in Sambalpur district of Odisha from October 2017 to December 2019. The study participants were tribal mothers having children less than 24 months of age. The sample size was 384.Results: Among the study participants, 93.5% belonged to the 21-30 years age bracket, 37.5% had middle school certificate education and 75.3% belonged to the upper lower socioeconomic class. The indicators were continued breastfeeding at 1 year (100%), continued breastfeeding at 2 years (100%) and children ever breastfed (100%), exclusive breastfeeding (98.71%) and bottle feeding (16.36%). A significant association was found between delivery by lower segment caesarean section and delayed initiation of breastfeeding.Conclusions: The indicators related to breastfeeding and complementary feeding were adequate except for minimum dietary diversity and minimum adequate diet.
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R. G., Geethalakshmi, and Smitha Yadav J. S. "Qualitative exploration of infant and young child feeding practices in rural field practice area of SSIMS and RC: a focus group discussion study." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 4, no. 8 (July 22, 2017): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20173324.
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Background: The art of infant feeding is a blend of biology and culture. A large no of women in India are already traditionally inclined towards infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices. The need is to identify specific problems in local community. The strong influence of socio-cultural milieu is detrimental to health of the child. It is important that every opportunity of contact of health personnel with care givers should be taken to counsel on infant feeding.Methods: A Focus group discussion Study was conducted between February and May 2017. Mothers with child less than 2 years of age, grand-mothers and health care providers (ASHA’s and ANM’s) who form the stake holders population of IYCF were involved after taking consent. Each Homogenous group had 6-12 participants. Qualitative information was collected till saturation was achieved.Results: 6 FGD’s in each homogenous group were conducted. Colostrum was considered impure, giving honey as pre lacteal feed was a ritual, inadequate milk secretion, lack of knowledge about when and what complementary feeds to be given and also about importance of breast feeding till 2 years of age and giving artificial feeds. These were reasons for improper IYCF practices.Conclusions: This study emphasises the importance of group opinion prevailing in the local community for IYCF practices which is essential for instituting health education.
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Agarwal, Medhavi, H. S. Joshi, Ruchi Tanwar, Arun Singh, Rashmi Katyal, and Deepak Upadhyay. "An evaluation: IYCF practices in rural area of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 5, no. 1 (December 23, 2017): 308. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20175803.
Full textAbstract:
Background: In recent Annual Health Survey conducted in India from 2010 to 2013 covering all the 284 districts (as per 2011 census) of 8 Empowered Action Group (EAG) States (Bihar, Uttar Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Odisha and Rajasthan) and Assam, only 21% of breastfeeding and non-breastfeeding children are fed in accordance with the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) recommendations thus this study was taken up to evaluate the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) recommendations practices in Bareilly district of U.P. Objective is to evaluate the infant and young child feeding (IYCF) practices in rural area of Bareilly district, U.P.Methods: Community based Cross sectional study was conducted using 30 by 7 cluster sampling technique in rural area of Bareilly district, Uttar Pradesh from August 2017 to September 2017 in all children of age 1 year residing in the study area. Sample size was 210.The results were compiled and analyzed in Epi info-7.2.Results: In this study 69.5% children were put to breast feeding with in 1 hour of birth. Prelacteal feed was given to 20.5% of studied population.Conclusions: There have been considered developments in the status of IYCF practices in Bareilly as compared to National Family Health Survey-3 at national level yet the scope for further progress is substantial.