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1
Estrada-Claudio, Sylvia. "Les Rencontres internationales sur la santé des femmes : continuité et expression d’identités multiples." II Solidarités des militants : des figures du changement, no. 58 (February 6, 2008): 155–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/017558ar.
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Résumé Au fil des années, les Rencontres internationales sur la santé des femmes (International Women and Health Meetings, ou IWHM) sont devenues l’un des principaux moments de rencontre pour les défenseurs de la santé des femmes ainsi que pour les universitaires, institutions financières et autres réseaux intervenant sur la santé et les droits génésiques des femmes. Le présent article soutient que c’est le mode d’organisation qui a permis aux militantes féministes chargées d’organiser les IWHM de s’adapter aux changements politiques survenus au fil du temps, en permettant l’expression et la reconnaissance des diverses identités (nationale, régionale, sexuelle, biologique). L’article retrace la manière dont la reconnaissance de ces identités a permis aux IWHM de survivre et fructifier comme organisation, et de demeurer à la fine pointe du discours sur les droits des femmes, en particulier leurs droits sexuels et génésiques.
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Zhang, Cheng, Yanyou Wu, Yue Su, Deke Xing, Yi Dai, Yansheng Wu, and Lei Fang. "A Plant’s Electrical Parameters Indicate Its Physiological State: A Study of Intracellular Water Metabolism." Plants 9, no. 10 (September 23, 2020): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9101256.
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Almost all of a plant’s life activities involve electrochemical reactions. Plant electrical parameters respond quickly to environmental changes and are closely related to physiological activities. In this study, the theoretical intrinsic relationships between clamping force and leaf impedance (Z) or capacitive reactance (Xc) and capacitance (C) were revealed as 3-parameter exponential decay and linear models based on bioenergetics, respectively, for the first time. Leaf electrical characteristics including intrinsic impedance (IZ), capacitive reactance (IXc), capacitance (IC) and specific effective thickness (d) were successfully detected using the above-mentioned relationships and were used to manifest plant metabolic activity. The intracellular water-holding capacity (IWHC), water-use efficiency (IWUE), water-holding time (IWHT) and water transfer rate (WTR) of plant leaves were defined on the basis of IZ, IXc, IC and d, and applied to reflect the intracellular water metabolism. The results demonstrated that the leaves of Broussonetia papyrifera plants grown in agricultural soil had higher IC, d, IWHC, WTR, water content values and lower IZ, IXc values than those grown in moderately rocky desertified soil. The leaf IC, d, IWHC, WTR and water content values of herbaceous plants were higher than those of woody plants. Solanum tuberosum L. had higher leaf IC, d, IWHC and WTR values, but exhibited lower IZ, IXc, IWUE and IWHT values than Capsicum annuum L. This study highlighted that a plant’s electrical parameters based on bioenergetics clearly indicate its physiological process—e.g., the intracellular water metabolism.
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Alam, Sheikh Mahabub. "Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM): Maximise Usage and Minimise Wastage of Water Resources." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 6, no. 1 (June 30, 2019): 23–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v6i1.260.
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Following the implementation of GWP (Global Water Partnership) in 1996 by UN the countries around the world began to implement the principles of IWRM to minimize water waste and maximize its beneficial use. The Ministry of Local Government, Rural Development and Cooperative in Bangladesh also adapted the idea and created IWRM unit in 2003 through WARPO, CEGIC and IWM. Bangladesh is going through serious shortages of fresh water resources. Major reasons are: diversion of natural river flow in the upstream area; rapid siltation on river beds which have seriously reduced water holding capacity causing regular floods destroying crops, making people homeless and even loosing many lives, destroying economic progress; and change of climate pattern, seawater encroachment due to sea level rise destroying fresh water resources and cropping lands due to climate change impact and greenhouse gas emission. To overcome these issues the country must adapt the following steps: implementation of IWRM practices to its maximum capacity. IWRM will include surface water, groundwater, waste water and sewage water resources to design its maximum utilization. In addition WSUD techniques; urgent dredging of rivers; positive negotiation with the neighbors for surface water sharing and storing excess surface water during monsoon at series of reservoirs built in upstream locations and use them during dry season. The biggest task of Bangladesh IWRM is to educate all stake holders; establish proper coordination among all water management sectors and train up end users to transform them as guardian angels of water conservation.
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Timmerman, J. G., C. Pahl-Wostl, and J. Moltgen. "The Adaptiveness of IWRM: Analysing European IWRM research." Water Intelligence Online 7 (December 30, 2015): 9781780401911. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/9781780401911.
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Litman, Jordan A., and George D. Lunsford. "Incurious Motives to Seek Information about Potential Threats." European Journal of Personality 24, no. 8 (December 2010): 639–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/per.766.
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In Study 1, 20 incurious worry reduction motive (IWRM) items were administered to 280 participants along with curiosity and worry scales. With factor analysis, two six–item scales were developed: focus on distress (IWRM–FD) and focus on relief (IWRM–FR). IWRM–FD was associated with wanting positive news about threats, whereas IWRM–FR was related to wanting negative news to be free from further worry. Neither the curiosity nor worry scales predicted wanting information. In Study 2, the IWRM scales were administered to 170 participants along with a coping inventory. IWRM–FD correlated with avoidant–coping, whereas IWRM–FR was associated positively with active–coping and advice–seeking. The results suggest that IWRM–FD reflects a desire to minimize distress, whereas IWRM–FR motivates identifying and dealing directly with problems. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Jin, Jingqin. "Chinese marriage websites: Research on the word-of-mouth marketing strategies of Singles Village." BCP Business & Management 20 (June 28, 2022): 446–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54691/bcpbm.v20i.1017.
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Internet Word of Mouth (IWOM) is a positive or negative review of a particular product, service, or company posted and disseminated online by consumers using the Internet. Compared to traditional word-of-mouth, IWOM is characterised by its speed of dissemination, its wide reach and its negative impact on companies. Word-of-mouth marketing based on IWOM is a profound change in marketing history and represents a future trend in marketing development. Research on IWOM is still in its infancy, and relevant results are scarce. This paper starts with an analysis of the characteristics of IWOM and its communication features in the online environment, discusses in depth the application of IWOM objects and communication channels in the dating website Single Valley, and points out the differences between its traditional word-of-mouth communication. For IWOM channels, the paper delves into their classification, implementation forms, influencing factors and key points; for IWOM objects, the paper defines their connotations and principles of acquisition and processing. The business model of word-of-mouth marketing in the online environment and its impact on consumers is also categorised and analysed. Finally, the case of Single Valley is analysed about the reasons for the success of IWOM in this case. Based on this, the strengths and weaknesses of IWOM are presented, and the trends of IWOM are predicted. The above research will help companies gain a clearer and more comprehensive understanding of the importance, characteristics, and trends of word-of-mouth marketing in the online environment and help marketing organisations develop effective IWOM strategies based on specific consumer groups.
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Gallego-Ayala, Jordi. "Trends in integrated water resources management research: a literature review." Water Policy 15, no. 4 (April 30, 2013): 628–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.149.
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The integrated water resources management (IWRM) paradigm has emerged as the main guiding framework for water resources development and management. Since the IWRM approach started to gain prominence with the 1992 Rio de Janeiro Summit and the Dublin Conference, developing and developed countries worldwide have adopted and transposed the tools and principles embodied in this holistic approach into their national policies as well as their regulatory and institutional frameworks. The scientific community has performed extensive studies within the IWRM field. In fact, there is a growing literature analysing multi-dimensional functions to pursue an IWRM approach in water resources management. The main objective of this study is to perform a literature review of the scientific knowledge in the IWRM field published between the years 2000 and 2011. A total of 353 papers published in scientific journals were carefully reviewed and extracted from the ISI Web of Science database. The main results show that: (a) the dominant research topics in IWRM analysis focus on its institutional framework, on equitable water allocation (sustainable management of water resources), and on IWRM implementation and stakeholder participation; and (b) the leading countries in scientific research into IWRM are Germany, the USA and South Africa.
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Nigatu Mersha, Adey, Charlotte de Fraiture, Abraham Mehari, Ilyas Masih, and Tena Alamirew. "Integrated Water Resources Management: contrasting principles, policy, and practice, Awash River Basin, Ethiopia." Water Policy 18, no. 2 (July 9, 2015): 335–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2015.049.
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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been a dominant paradigm for water sector reform worldwide over the past two decades. Ethiopia, among early adopters, has developed a water policy, legislations, and strategy per IWRM core principles. However, considerable constraints are still in its way of realization. This paper investigates the central challenges facing IWRM implementation in the Awash Basin analyzing the discrepancy between IWRM principles, the approach followed in Ethiopia and its practice in the Awash Basin. A decade and a half since its adoption, the Ethiopian IWRM still lacks a well-organized and robust legal system for implementation. Unclear and overlapping institutional competencies as well as a low level of stakeholders’ awareness on policy contents and specific mandates of implementing institutions have prevented the Basin Authority from fully exercising its role as the prime institute for basin level water management. As a result, coordination between stakeholders, a central element of the IWRM concept, is lacking. Insufficient management instruments and planning tools for the operational function of IWRM are also among the major hurdles in the process. This calls for rethinking and action on key elements of the IWRM approach to tackle the implementation challenges.
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Ben-Daoud, Mohamed, Aniss Moumen, Ahmaed Sayad, Mohamed ELbouhadioui, Ali Essahlaoui, and Samir Eljaafari. "Indicators of Integrated Water Resources Management at the local level: Meknes as a case (Morocco)." E3S Web of Conferences 234 (2021): 00068. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202123400068.
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This work aims to develop integrated water resources management (IWRM) and conduct an IWRM implementation assessment based on the study area's indicators. In this way, we have adopted a participatory approach for IWRM indicators development. As for assessing implementation at the local level, a survey was conducted among water sector actors in the study area to collect opinions regarding their management mode. In terms of results, four categories of indicators were developed in consultation with participating stakeholders, and an assessment of IWRM implementation was carried out. This assessment shows that the current management system is generally medium and that there is a difference between stakeholders regarding their capacity to IWRM implement. Some needs were identified for the majority of stakeholders to meet the requirements of integrated water management fully. The final target is to apply the IWRM in Meknes city as a case study that will eventually allow us to evaluate the water management system developed based on these indicators.
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Alam, Md Masud, and Philippe Quevauviller. "An Evaluation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) activities in Bangladesh." Asia Pacific Journal of Energy and Environment 1, no. 1 (June 30, 2014): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.18034/apjee.v1i1.207.
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For resolving adverse impact in water sector (such as severe flooding, sedimentation of river channels, erosion of the riverbanks, scarcity of water during the dry season, saline intrusion and environmental degradation in particular in the Southwest, cyclones and tidal surges in coastal areas, heavy arsenic contamination of groundwater etc.) in Bangladesh, lot of studies and programs have been under taken by the Government of Bangladesh during the last fifty years. Current global climate change and upstream withdrawal of water have made the water related problems more critical. Under these circumstances, water resources management needs more comprehensive and integrated approaches. Early day’s water management in Bangladesh were mainly involved to Flood Control Drainage and Irrigation (FCDI) project which caused detrimental effects of other sectors. The issue of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) has been increasingly highlighted after the 1990's. The Flood Action Plan (FAP, 1989-95), Bangladesh Water and Flood Management Strategy (BWFMS, 1995), The Ganges Water Treaty (1996), National Policy for Safe Water Supply and Sanitation (1998), National Water Policy (NWPo, 1999), Guidelines for Participatory Water Management (GPWM, 2000), National Water Management Plan (NWMP, 2004), National Water Resources Database (NWRD, 2001), Regional Technical Assistance (RETA, 2009), Bangladesh Water Act (DBWA, 2013)are the major examples of IWRM practice in Bangladesh.For the evaluation of Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) activities in Bangladesh, the three IWRM tools i.e. ‘Enabling Environment’, ‘Institutional Framework’ and ‘Management Instrument’ have been used as a methodology. Lots of Online Questionnaire has been done to the National Water Expertise for getting more information and strengthening the scope of work. Although lot of constraints are existing to develop IWRM plan in Bangladesh, yet the existing policy, plan, guideline, law, institution and information system provide a sound basis for the IWRM implementation in Bangladesh considering the principals of IWRM i.e. efficiency, equity, environmental sustainability. The study has shown that, the progress towards Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in Bangladesh has been good. Much remains to be done. Nevertheless, advancing IWRM is a process of incremental steps and the Bangladesh water-related sector is clearly moving in the right direction towards the IWRM plan. Finally the study has drawn recommendations for effective implementation of IWRM activities in Bangladesh.
11
Acheampong, Ernest Nti, Mark Swilling, and Kevin Urama. "Developing a framework for supporting the implementation of integrated water resource management (IWRM) with a decoupling strategy." Water Policy 18, no. 6 (April 4, 2016): 1317–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2016.155.
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The rise of integrated water resources management (IWRM) in the global water policy discourse marks a fundamental shift in water management from the techno-centric, top-down, supply-oriented and sectoral approach towards a holistic, participatory and demand-driven approach to sustainable water management. The IWRM concept has become dominant, permeating national, regional and international water policies, backed by heavy investments and advocacy by key global actors such as the World Bank and European Union. However, its implementation success remains unimpressive, amidst strong criticisms about its conceptual clarity. More recently, the decoupling concept spearheaded by the United Nations Environment Programme and Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development is gaining momentum as an alternative approach for sustainable water management. This paper reviews the two concepts both acclaimed for organizing knowledge production for sustainability. The paper examines the underlying factors that limit IWRM implementation and assesses the potentials of addressing the inadequacies of IWRM with the decoupling concept. IWRM as a process lacks a clearly defined strategy, standard measures to track the success of IWRM plans and guidance for planning and project development, while decoupling offers a viable strategy that feeds into the implementation of IWRM plan, providing strategic and operational direction towards achieving sustainability goals.
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A. Al-Maswari, Abdullah, Sharafadeen A. Saleh, Fadhl A. Al-Nozaily, and Mohammed A. Al-Abyadh. "Potential of Road Rainwater Harvesting in Yemen – Its Social, Environmental and Economic Benefits: A Case Study of Sana›a – Hodeida Road, Yemen." Journal of Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 23–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jst.v25i1.1695.
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Abstract
In Yemen, farmers and people living along the roads are suffering from the lack of utilization of rainwater runoff from road surface & surrounding area and road water structures. The objectives of this research is to optimize the benefits of Road Rainwater Harvesting (RRWH) to the beneficiaries during road design, construction and operation & maintenance; to suggest a technical outlines; to induce the awareness of road’s engineers on the importance of Integrated Water Harvesting Management (IWHM), in addition to discussing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The research approach focused on conducting field visits and applying a reconnaissance survey to document the current and potential road rainwater structures along the pilot section of 24 km as part of Sana’a – Al-Hodiedah road between Al- Masajed village and Sooq Al-Aman; Designing and applying questionnaires and interviews for farmers & beneficiaries, and road engineers. The SPSS software program was used to analyze the collected data. From the conducted interviews along the road, it was revealed that almost all the stakeholders have land adjacent to the roadside, and their farms are irrigated from rainwater collected from road structures. All inhabitants considered water floods running from/on the road surface and structures as their rights, and it is distributed at the moment according to the field’s water rights which exist before the road construction. The research found that almost all farmers considered the water from roads as contaminated water. The source of contamination comes from residual oil on the road, diesel, oil from oil shops and suspended soil particles. On the other hand, according to the road engineer’s questionnaire, the concept of water harvesting, groundwater recharge and water for irrigation from road surface and road structures were not considered during design. In addition, the results obtained showed that water-harvesting techniques in the pilot road section is in the form of farmers’initiatives implemented by directing water to their farms for irrigation. The study conclude applying RRWH to protect the road sections from erosion and damage; increase the availability and utilization of water in the areas nearby roads; minimize the erosion of landscape especially in mountainous areas as well as in road embankments; improve the stabilization of the road slopes; and maintain esthetic value of landscape nearby roads. It is recommended that road drainage structure should be located in a proper place to avoid conflicts among farmers and fulfill their water rights. To avoid soil and water contamination by oil, grease and fuel from vehicles along the road, the research recommends that oil workshops should be implemented and forced to collect and recycle oil instead of disposing it on the road surface. RRWH is recommended to be applied to mitigate the damage of terraces during the heavy runoff. The study urges the joint efforts from all stakeholders and road engineers to apply the suggested technical outline in this paper by including rainwater harvesting from roads as part of road design, implementation and maintenance.
Keywords: rainwater harvesting, road design, culverts, engineers,stakeholders, farmers, ESIA, Yemen, social and economic benefits.
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A. Al-Maswari, Abdullah, Sharafadeen A. Saleh, Fadhl A. Al-Nozaily, and Mohammed A. Al-Abyadh. "Potential of Road Rainwater Harvesting in Yemen – Its Social, Environmental and Economic Benefits: A Case Study of Sana›a – Hodeida Road, Yemen." Journal of Science and Technology 25, no. 1 (December 14, 2020): 23–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.20428/jst.25.1.2.
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Abstract
In Yemen, farmers and people living along the roads are suffering from the lack of utilization of rainwater runoff from road surface & surrounding area and road water structures. The objectives of this research is to optimize the benefits of Road Rainwater Harvesting (RRWH) to the beneficiaries during road design, construction and operation & maintenance; to suggest a technical outlines; to induce the awareness of road’s engineers on the importance of Integrated Water Harvesting Management (IWHM), in addition to discussing the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA). The research approach focused on conducting field visits and applying a reconnaissance survey to document the current and potential road rainwater structures along the pilot section of 24 km as part of Sana’a – Al-Hodiedah road between Al- Masajed village and Sooq Al-Aman; Designing and applying questionnaires and interviews for farmers & beneficiaries, and road engineers. The SPSS software program was used to analyze the collected data. From the conducted interviews along the road, it was revealed that almost all the stakeholders have land adjacent to the roadside, and their farms are irrigated from rainwater collected from road structures. All inhabitants considered water floods running from/on the road surface and structures as their rights, and it is distributed at the moment according to the field’s water rights which exist before the road construction. The research found that almost all farmers considered the water from roads as contaminated water. The source of contamination comes from residual oil on the road, diesel, oil from oil shops and suspended soil particles. On the other hand, according to the road engineer’s questionnaire, the concept of water harvesting, groundwater recharge and water for irrigation from road surface and road structures were not considered during design. In addition, the results obtained showed that water-harvesting techniques in the pilot road section is in the form of farmers’initiatives implemented by directing water to their farms for irrigation. The study conclude applying RRWH to protect the road sections from erosion and damage; increase the availability and utilization of water in the areas nearby roads; minimize the erosion of landscape especially in mountainous areas as well as in road embankments; improve the stabilization of the road slopes; and maintain esthetic value of landscape nearby roads. It is recommended that road drainage structure should be located in a proper place to avoid conflicts among farmers and fulfill their water rights. To avoid soil and water contamination by oil, grease and fuel from vehicles along the road, the research recommends that oil workshops should be implemented and forced to collect and recycle oil instead of disposing it on the road surface. RRWH is recommended to be applied to mitigate the damage of terraces during the heavy runoff. The study urges the joint efforts from all stakeholders and road engineers to apply the suggested technical outline in this paper by including rainwater harvesting from roads as part of road design, implementation and maintenance.
Keywords: rainwater harvesting, road design, culverts, engineers,stakeholders, farmers, ESIA, Yemen, social and economic benefits.
14
TRUESDALE, GEOFFREY A. "IWEM PRESIDENT, 1988-89." Water and Environment Journal 2, no. 5 (October 1988): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1988.tb01318.x.
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TEBBUTT, T. H. Y. "IWEM PRESIDENT, 1989-90." Water and Environment Journal 3, no. 5 (October 1989): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1989.tb01414.x.
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ROFE, B. H. "IWEM PRESIDENT, 1990?91." Water and Environment Journal 4, no. 4 (August 1990): 311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1990.tb01396.x.
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Clarke, K. F. "IWEM PRESIDENT 1993-94." Water and Environment Journal 7, no. 4 (August 1993): 331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1993.tb00853.x.
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Bailey, R. A. "IWEM PRESIDENT 1994?95." Water and Environment Journal 8, no. 4 (August 1994): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1994.tb01116.x.
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Duncan, Albert Ebo, Nanne de Vries, and Kwabena Biritwum Nyarko. "The effectiveness of water resources management in Pra Basin." Water Policy 21, no. 4 (April 8, 2019): 787–805. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2019.123.
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Abstract Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has been criticized yet it is the dominant approach to water resources management in developing countries. The criticism emanates from the manifold unfounded assumptions made during implementation on issues such as availability of technology and infrastructure, privatization and sustainable financing, human resource capacity, government interference, etc. The Pra Basin has been implementing IWRM since 2011. The basin houses nine out of the 17 artificial reservoirs constructed in Ghana for drinking water supply. It is therefore prudent that the basin's water resources are given extra management care to ensure sustainable water quality and quantity for growth and development. However, much uncertainty still exists about whether the best water management system is being practiced, whether the system is working well, or needs improvement. This study examines the effectiveness of water resources management in the Pra Basin of Ghana. This study used interviews, field observations, and documents such as Pra Basin IWRM plan, the national IWRM plan, etc., to assess the effectiveness of IWRM in the Pra Basin. The result of the study showed that IWRM although appropriate for the basin had implementation gaps. These gaps are potential contributors to deteriorating water quality.
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He, Xiangbai. "Mainstreaming adaptation in integrated water resources management in China: from challenge to change." Water Policy 15, no. 6 (August 1, 2013): 895–921. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2013.084.
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China is facing many challenges in the water sector while implementing integrated water resources management (IWRM). Another daunting task – adapting to water-related impacts of climate change, is also challenging China's water managers. These challenges have been posing threats to China's economic, social and environmental development. While separate efforts in promoting IWRM and climate change adaptation have been made, the approach of mainstreaming climate change adaptation strategy within IWRM is seldom studied. Attempting to fill the gap, this paper argues that there is great potential in synergizing them after analysing their distinctions and common points. By developing climate-proofing strategies within IWRM, mainstreaming is able to minimize adverse water-related climate change risks and maximize the benefits of policies and plans. In this study, entry points of mainstreaming climate change adaptation in the sustaining environment of IWRM and its process will be identified and analysed.
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Fritsch, Oliver, and David Benson. "Mutual Learning and Policy Transfer in Integrated Water Resources Management: A Research Agenda." Water 12, no. 1 (December 23, 2019): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12010072.
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Integrated water resources management (IWRM) has become a global paradigm for the governance of surface, coastal and groundwater. International bodies such as the European Union, the Global Water Partnership, and the United Nations have taken the lead to promote IWRM principles, while countries worldwide have undertaken reforms to implement these principles and to restructure their domestic or regional water governance arrangements. However, the international transfer of IWRM principles raises a number of theoretical, empirical and normative questions related to its causes, processes and outcomes. These questions will be explored in our Special Issue ‘Governing IWRM: Mutual Learning and Policy Transfer’. This editorial briefly introduces IWRM and links this governance paradigm to theoretical and empirical scholarship on policy transfer. We then summarise the aims and objectives of this Special Issue, provide an overview of the articles brought together here and offer avenues for future research.
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Wang, Xue Chao, Ke Zhou, and Zhen Min Zhou. "Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) in the Yellow River Basin." Applied Mechanics and Materials 740 (March 2015): 1038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.740.1038.
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The Yellow River is suffered from water shortage. Rapid population increase, unplanned urbanization, intensive industrial. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a promising approach in ensuring sustainable management. It entails management of water for various purposes and not for a single purpose which therefore involves different regions aiming at achieving sustainable water resources management. This paper seeks to evaluate recent efforts to implement in IWRM in the Yellow River basin. The paper concludes that reforms such as public participation at local levels, recognition of water as both an economic and a social good, putting IWRM within the larger context of Integrated Natural Resource Management would improve IWRM in the basin.
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Mitchell, Bruce. "Integrated Water Resource Management, Institutional Arrangements, and Land-Use Planning." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 37, no. 8 (August 2005): 1335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a37224.
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A systems, holistic, or ecosystem approach is often advocated for water management, and has led to the emergence of integrated water resource management, or IWRM. Such an approach can be interpreted as ‘comprehensive’ or ‘integrated’, and analysts, planners, and managers need to understand the difference. Edge or boundary problems always are encountered when applying a holistic approach, and design of institutional arrangements cannot eliminate these problems but can minimize them. IWRM often does not have a statutory basis, which can lead to implementation challenges. By linking IWRM to land-use planning and official plans at the local level, IWRM can be given credibility, as well as be systematically connected to land-based issues.
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Goyal, V. C., Anuradha Garg, Jyoti P. Patil, and T. Thomas. "Formulation of integrated water resources management (IWRM) plan at district level: a case study from Bundelkhand region of India." Water Policy 22, no. 1 (January 3, 2020): 52–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2020.157.
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Abstract Integrated water resources management (IWRM) is being implemented all over the world, considering its wide area of applications and flexible spatial scale. Scientists have found IWRM useful in an Indian context also where a coordinated development of water and land resources is sought as part of complete economic, social and environmental welfare. The paper presents the concepts of ‘Local IWRM’ planning applied to water conservation and management in a case study of Ur river watershed in Tikamgarh district of Madhya Pradesh (India). The Plan considers effective utilization of land, water and other available natural resources, linked to the vulnerabilities and livelihood opportunities in the geographical area. The IWRM Plan, designed in three sections – (1) water management, (2) land management, and (3) livelihood management – provides specific suggestions on the activities under these three themes as useful inputs to the District Irrigation Plan (DIP) of the Government. The proposed IWRM Plan intends to promote the component of water demand management in district level planning and is envisioned to be an ‘implementable’ planning document for district level government. Acceptability of the IWRM plan is potentially enhanced as the plan was developed through a participatory process, wherein all relevant stakeholders were consulted at different stages of development.
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Watson, Nigel, Dan Shrubsole, and Bruce Mitchell. "Governance Arrangements for Integrated Water Resources Management in Ontario, Canada, and Oregon, USA: Evolution and Lessons." Water 11, no. 4 (March 31, 2019): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w11040663.
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Guidelines produced by some major international organisations create a misleading impression that Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) can be implemented in a standardized fashion. However, contextual conditions vary from place to place, and differences in beliefs, attitudes, customs, and norms sensibly influence interpretation and implementation. Experiences with IWRM in Oregon (USA) and Ontario (Canada) are examined with regard to scope, scale, responsibility, engagement, finances and financing, and review processes and mechanisms. Development of IWRM and the evolution of governance have been shaped by different concerns and beliefs. Oregon has adopted a locally-driven and entrepreneurial approach, whereas Ontario developed a co-operative inter-governmental approach. In both cases, IWRM governance has also evolved due to changes in funding and priorities, which have benefitted some catchments and communities more than others. Both cases provide positive examples of reflexivity and resilience, and demonstrate the importance of review processes and strong cross-scale connections for effective governance. While underlying principles may be relevant for other locations, it would be a mistake to think that either of the two approaches for IWRM could be replicated elsewhere in their exact form. Implementation of IWRM in other parts of those countries and the world should, therefore, start with careful analysis of the local context, and existing governance arrangements and governmentalities.
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Dirwai, Tinashe Lindel, Edwin Kimutai Kanda, Aidan Senzanje, and Toyin Isiaka Busari. "Water resource management: IWRM strategies for improved water management. A systematic review of case studies of East, West and Southern Africa." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 25, 2021): e0236903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236903.
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Objective The analytical study systematically reviewed the evidence about the IWRM strategy model. The study analysed the IWRM strategy, policy advances and practical implications it had, since inception on effective water management in East, West and Southern Africa. Methods The study adopted the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols (PRISMA-P) and the scoping literature review approach. The study searched selected databases for peer-reviewed articles, books, and grey literature. DistillerSR software was used for article screening. A constructionist thematic analysis was employed to extract recurring themes amongst the regions. Results The systematic literature review detailed the adoption, policy revisions and emerging policy trends and issues (or considerations) on IWRM in East, West and Southern Africa. Thematic analysis derived four cross-cutting themes that contributed to IWRM strategy implementation and adoption. The identified four themes were donor effect, water scarcity, transboundary water resources, and policy approach. The output further posited questions on the prospects, including whether IWRM has been a success or failure within the African water resource management fraternity.
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Raghavan, Arun M., Noga Lipschitz, Joseph T. Breen, Ravi N. Samy, and Gavriel D. Kohlberg. "Visual Speech Recognition: Improving Speech Perception in Noise through Artificial Intelligence." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 163, no. 4 (May 26, 2020): 771–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0194599820924331.
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Objectives To compare speech perception (SP) in noise for normal-hearing (NH) individuals and individuals with hearing loss (IWHL) and to demonstrate improvements in SP with use of a visual speech recognition program (VSRP). Study Design Single-institution prospective study. Setting Tertiary referral center. Subjects and Methods Eleven NH and 9 IWHL participants in a sound-isolated booth facing a speaker through a window. In non-VSRP conditions, SP was evaluated on 40 Bamford-Kowal-Bench speech-in-noise test (BKB-SIN) sentences presented by the speaker at 50 A-weighted decibels (dBA) with multiperson babble noise presented from 50 to 75 dBA. SP was defined as the percentage of words correctly identified. In VSRP conditions, an infrared camera was used to track 35 points around the speaker’s lips during speech in real time. Lip movement data were translated into speech-text via an in-house developed neural network–based VSRP. SP was evaluated similarly in the non-VSRP condition on 42 BKB-SIN sentences, with the addition of the VSRP output presented on a screen to the listener. Results In high-noise conditions (70-75 dBA) without VSRP, NH listeners achieved significantly higher speech perception than IWHL listeners (38.7% vs 25.0%, P = .02). NH listeners were significantly more accurate with VSRP than without VSRP (75.5% vs 38.7%, P < .0001), as were IWHL listeners (70.4% vs 25.0% P < .0001). With VSRP, no significant difference in SP was observed between NH and IWHL listeners (75.5% vs 70.4%, P = .15). Conclusions The VSRP significantly increased speech perception in high-noise conditions for NH and IWHL participants and eliminated the difference in SP accuracy between NH and IWHL listeners.
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Asdak, Chay, and Munawir Munawir. "Integrated Water Resources Conservation Management for a Sustainable Food Security." KnE Life Sciences 2, no. 6 (November 26, 2017): 238. http://dx.doi.org/10.18502/kls.v2i6.1045.
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Many of Indonesia’s watersheds are reaching a critical stage. As a result of higher rates of erosion and sedimentation, the number of critical watersheds in Indonesia has increased from 22 in 1984 to 58 in 2000 and in 2014 this number has reached 108. This result in food security is being threatened because there is insufficient water available for agriculture purposes due to catchment degradation, especially in the upper parts of the watersheds. At the same time, Indonesia’s new government focused its national development programs on food security for the next five years. For these reasons Indonesia’s National Development Planning Agency believes that it is timely to develop a national policy on Integrated Water Conservation Management (IWCM). To provide the rationale and suggested content for such a national policy, this paper has been prepared based onfocused group discussions with relevant interests at the national and regional levels. To obtain specific input from regional stakeholders, workshops were held in Medan, Yogyakarta, Banjarmasin, Nusa Tenggara Barat and Makassar as well as line agencies based in the state capital of Jakarta from October 2014 to March 2015. At the landscape level, the formulation of national policy on IWCM was based on integrated watershed management analysis as water resources within a specific watershed are integrated into other resources within an ecosystem. This action research recommends the following: a) integrating the IWCM into the regular regional development activities, b) encouraging local agreements on water resource conservation including local adat communities, c) formulating attractive economic incentives in implementing IWCM programs, d) using corporate social responsibility and payment for environment services funding to boost water resource conservation program at village level, and e) involving actively women in the IWCM programs. Considering that socio-cultural aspects are also playing an important role in the IWCM, a national-level of institutional arrangement on IWCM will also be proposed. Keywords: IWCM; food security; green and blue water; watershed; institutional arrangement; Indonesia
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Cacal, Jennifer Collado, Evelyn Buque Taboada, and Muhammad Shafqat Mehboob. "Strategic Implementation of Integrated Water Resource Management in Selected Areas of Palawan: SWOT-AHP Method." Sustainability 15, no. 4 (February 6, 2023): 2922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042922.
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In the recent past, Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) has emerged as the method of choice for resolving a wide range of water-related conflicts that arise between governments and stakeholders all over the globe. Despite a variety of regulations and initiatives being put into place, there is still skepticism over their actual execution. In 2006, the Philippine government began updating the water policy and regulatory framework to promote IWRM as a foundation for sustainable development. However, implementation of this national and subnational structure is still in process. This study intends to identify and rank the key elements likely to affect IWRM changes at the subnational level in Palawan Province. Specifically, this study aims to identify the elements that might improve the result of adopting IWRM, which is as important as designing policies, institutions, and instruments for putting the approach into action. This approach combined the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, and Threats (SWOT) and Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) techniques, a hybrid multi-criteria decision procedure, SWOT-AHP. Expert group discussion revealed the essential elements impacting IWRM implementation in this research, and these elements were categorized into SWOT categories. The AHP approach was used to determine the relative relevance of each component identified in the SWOT analysis. The results show that the following ranking groups have a higher priority for Puerto Princesa: threats (group weight 48.8%), strengths (35.4%), weaknesses (10.7%), and opportunities (5.1%). The ranking group for Roxas is the following: opportunities (36.8%), strengths (27.4%), weaknesses (21.5%), and threats (14.3%). Taytay has the following ranking group: opportunities (27.9%), weaknesses (27.1%), threats (24.7%), and strengths (20.3%). While El Nido has the following ranking group: strengths (33.5%), weaknesses (24.3%), opportunities (24%), and threats (18.2%). This research identified and prioritized the key components essential to the effectiveness of the IWRM concept in the research sites. This study recommends evaluating IWRM implementation using the upgraded element framework, enhancing the strategic framework to assess state, federal, and local IWRM governance performance.
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Jeffrey, P., and M. Gearey. "Integrated water resources management: lost on the road from ambition to realisation?" Water Science and Technology 53, no. 1 (January 1, 2006): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2006.001.
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The recognition that water plays a central role in industrial, agricultural, economic, social and cultural development has, over the past half century, led to the development of strategic management approaches based on the concept of integrated water resources management (IWRM). This paper assesses the extent to which IWRM theory has been converted into practice and identifies existing “research gaps”. We set out our arguments as a critique of IWRM; describing its basic tenets, exploring its value as a conceptual tool, considering its scientific pedigree, questioning its novelty as a resource management paradigm, and suggesting ways of translating the theory into more widespread practice. Finally, we argue that whilst models in their broadest sense can make a significant contribution to IWRM research and practice, a revised assessment of the source of their value is required.
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SURYA DEWI, NI MADE NIA BUNGA. "KAJIAN BERBAGAI TIPE PENGELOLAAN WILAYAH SUNGAI DI ASIA SEBAGAI ACUAN DALAM PENENTUAN SISTEM PENGELOLAAN SUMBER DAYA AIR." GANEC SWARA 13, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 338. http://dx.doi.org/10.35327/gara.v13i2.101.
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The Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is significant to do in order to obtain water supply availability including inter-sector perspective, diverse of water future needs, and its present availability and orientation towards the 'triple bottom line', such as social, economi,c and environment. In the past decade, most countries in Asia have already adopted national water policies that advocate IWRM in river basins. However, IWRM implementation is still at an early stage. IWRM at the basin level is best provided by a River Basin Organization (RBO) by facilitating and/ or implementing various development processes and management. Across Asia, a variety of small and large RBOs are now helping governments and stakeholders to implement IWRM in river basins. Some RBOs operate within the structures of regular government departments. In other cases, however, a corporate or quasi-corporate model has been selected, to provide RBOs with greater autonomy in their management, capacity development, and revenue generation. The research attempts to study distinction between three types of RBO: council/committee, public/ government, and corporation. Thus, it can determine the most appropriate type of river management applied in river basin
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Harifidy, Rakotoarimanana Zy, and Ishidaira Hiroshi. "Analysis of River Basin Management in Madagascar and Lessons Learned from Japan." Water 14, no. 3 (February 2, 2022): 449. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14030449.
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River basins in Madagascar are prone to water scarcity and conflicts of use, which are projected to worsen due to climate change. Therefore, effective integrated water resources management (IWRM) is key. This review examines the current condition of IWRM in Madagascar, evaluates its sustainability, and compares it with the one in Japan. The effects of climate change were analyzed using Aqueduct data. Madagascar has established an IWRM legal framework aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals; however, its application remains limited. For Japan, it was useful to establish IWRM for floods, water utilization, and environmental conservation. This study analyzes the future projections of water availability and demand for the 12 major river basins of Madagascar. Climate change will reduce water availability; the West and the East will experience water stress; the demand will be higher in the highlands, with less water available in the south. The proposed framework and Japan’s experience in river basin management can contribute to solving those problems. The findings of this study serve to enhance the knowledge on IWRM and the impact of climate change in Madagascar; they also suggest actions to be taken by the Malagasy government.
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Bradshaw, David, Gary Donaldson, and Akiko Okifuji. "Pain Uncertainty in Patients with Fibromyalgia, Yoga Practitioners, and Healthy Volunteers." International Journal of Yoga Therapy 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 37–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17761/ijyt.22.1.q88210r783u4556p.
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Background: Uncertainty about potentially painful events affects how pain is experienced. Individuals with fibromyalgia (FM) often exhibit anxiety and catastrophic thoughts regarding pain and difficulties dealing with pain uncertainty. Objectives: The effects of pain uncertainty in predictably high odds (HO), predictably low odds (LO), and even odds (EO) conditions on subjective ratings of pain (PR) and skin conductance responses (SCR) following the administration of a painful stimulus were examined for individuals with fibromyalgia (IWFM), healthy volunteers (HVs), and yoga practitioners (YPs). We hypothesized IWFM would demonstrate the greatest physiological reactivity to pain uncertainty, followed by HVs and YPs, respectively. Methods: Nine IWFM, 7 YPs, and 10 HVs participated. Results: Custom contrast estimates comparing responses for HO, LO, and EO pain conditions showed higher SCR for IWFM (CE = 1.27, p = 0.01) but not for HVs or for YPs. PR for the EO condition were significantly greater than for HO and LO conditions for IWFM (CE = 0.60, p = 0.012) but not for HVs or YPs. YPs had lower SCR and PR than did HVs. Conclusions: Results show that uncertainty regarding pain increases the experience of pain, whereas certainty regarding pain may reduce pain ratings for individuals with fibromyalgia.
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Anderson, Aileen, Eiman Karar, and Stefano Farolfi. "Synthesis: IWRM lessons for implementation." Water SA 34, no. 6 (February 19, 2019): 665. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/wsa.v34i6.183667.
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Halmich, Yvonne. "Erfolgreiche Premiere der IWRM Karlsruhe." WASSERWIRTSCHAFT 101, no. 3 (March 2011): 48–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1365/s35147-011-0035-6.
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Packham, R. F. "The First President of IWEM." Water and Environment Journal 1, no. 1 (August 1987): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1987.tb01180.x.
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Grime, Marie. "IWEM: Branch and Section Report." Water and Environment Journal 1, no. 3 (December 1987): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1987.tb01225.x.
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Morris, G. M. "IWEM: Branch and Section Reports." Water and Environment Journal 2, no. 5 (October 1988): 485–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1988.tb01328.x.
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Flügel, W. A., and A. Bartosch. "Analysis of present IWRM in the Upper Brahmaputra and the Upper Danube River Basins." Advances in Science and Research 7, no. 1 (April 26, 2011): 47–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-7-47-2011.
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Abstract. Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is a process which strives towards the sustainable management of water resources in river basins. The approach integrates insights and knowledge from various scientific disciplines comprising natural, socio-economic, and engineering sciences. These three pillars of sustainability are important components of this approach integrating the environmental, economic and social dimension. In the ideal IWRM case planning is based on the river basin scale and therefore is comparatively discussed herein for the two twinning BRAHMATWINN river basins, i.e. the Upper Danube River Basin (UDRB) in Europe and the Upper Brahmaputra River Basin (UBRB) in South Asia. In this chapter major challenges for the implementation of the IWRM process towards a sustainable management of water resources in the two UDRB and UBRB twinning river basins of the BRAHMATWINN project are analysed. The study revealed that in the UDRB the IWRM approach is already part of water management planning and the implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) is a good example in this regard. Contrary in the UBRB the implementation of IWRM is just at the beginning phase, only recently is being discussed in the riparian states but has not been implemented in any way so far on the basin scale.
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Tinoco, Clara, Natalia Julio, Bruno Meirelles, Raúl Pineda, Ricardo Figueroa, Roberto Urrutia, and Óscar Parra. "Water Resources Management in Mexico, Chile and Brazil: Comparative Analysis of Their Progress on SDG 6.5.1 and the Role of Governance." Sustainability 14, no. 10 (May 11, 2022): 5814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14105814.
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Integrated Water Resources Management (IWRM) is globally regarded as a suitable alternative to adapt to the effects of Climate Change. Chile, México, and Brazil are developing countries that are highly vulnerable to climate change and have different water management models, thus presenting the strengths and challenges for IWRM compliance. Our analysis aims to compare advances in terms of the achievement of SDG 6.5.1 in these countries, in relation to the degree of implementation of IWRM and their correlation to the OECD principles on Water Governance. We used IWRM Data Portal, UNEP-DHI, including 33 indicators, and we used the proposal of Bertule et al., (2018) to analyze the relationship among IWRM and governance. Our findings indicate that the Chilean model has low social involvement in water management due to a market-based water governance system with weak state regulation and lack of legal instruments to implement watershed management programs. In Mexico and Brazil, there is greater citizen involvement in watershed organizations, and ecosystems and aquifers have been incorporated to aid with water management. These three countries show a low performance of gender indicators, deficient financing, and information in terms of decision-making, and a lack of effective mechanisms for social participation, which are key aspects of governance.
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Razzaque, Jona, and Eloise S. Kleingeld. "Integrated Water Resource Management, Public Participation and the ‘Rainbow Nation’." African Journal of Legal Studies 6, no. 2-3 (March 21, 2014): 213–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17087384-12342026.
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Abstract This article provides varied examples of Integrated Water Resource Management (IWRM) and public participation interaction in South Africa. It critically examines the inadequate application of IWRM, and shows how the unbalanced interpretations of IWRM as well as a lack of good development practice and participatory rights manifest in negative outcomes for the poorest and most vulnerable. This paper, first, highlights that if decision-makers are primarily fixed on economic concerns, they induce inefficient IWRM framework that fails to balance water as a social, economic and ecological concern. Second: when the state fails to consult people and violate human and environmental rights, court battles ensue between the state and the people. These court cases are generally expensive for both sides and marred with delay. Third: positive outcomes can be attained through multi-stakeholder dialogue platforms which can operate as a sort of conflict resolution mechanism encompassing divergent views, but still offering beneficial outcomes. The frameworks and practical examples set by the Water Dialogues South Africa can facilitate public participation and capacity building if applied at local levels by decision-makers. IWRM with public participation at its heart engenders an ultimate objective for better water sustainability and water security in South Africa.
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Zhang, Zhihan. "The Influence of IWOM on Restaurant Consumers’ Purchase Intentions: Taking PANGGELIA as an Example." Journal of Contemporary Educational Research 6, no. 4 (April 29, 2022): 94–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.26689/jcer.v6i4.3837.
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This paper explores the factors influencing consumers’ willingness to purchase under the influence of IWOM, taking perceived risk as the theoretical framework. The factors influencing consumers’ willingness to purchase under IWOM are investigated from three perspectives: perceived functional risk, perceived psychological risk, and perceived financial risk. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research methods is used to derive the questionnaire theory using the interview method. The research findings are drawn using the questionnaire method and combined with the path analysis method. Based on the research results, relevant suggestions and countermeasures are proposed for such IWOM-influenced restaurants.
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Varis, O., M. Kummu, M. Keskinen, J. Sarkkula, J. Koponen, U. Heinonen, and K. Makkonen. "Integrated water resources management on the Tonle Sap Lake, Cambodia." Water Supply 6, no. 5 (October 1, 2006): 51–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2006.843.
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Integrated Water Resources Management has been identified as one of the basic water resources related policy approaches in several recent important commitments and recommendations including the Johannesburg Summit and World Water Forums. Recognizing that IWRM is largely still a theoretical concept with not much sound scientific research, our objective is to investigate how the IWRM process in the Mekong Basin is institutionalised, and implemented in practice. We focus on the Cambodia's Great Lake, the Tonle Sap. Of particular interest are the bottlenecks of IWRM, both those that are within the water sector and those that relate to various, more general development tendencies.
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Kitchingman, Adrian, Zeb Tonkin, Renae M. Ayres, Jarod Lyon, Justin C. Stout, Ian D. Rutherfurd, and Paul Wilson. "Predicting natural instream woody-habitat loads across large river networks." Marine and Freshwater Research 67, no. 12 (2016): 1844. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf15246.
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Past waterway management practices worldwide involved extensive removal of instream woody habitat (IWH) and riparian vegetation. The importance of instream woody habitat for healthy aquatic ecosystems has now been recognised, with management approaches reversed to reintroduce instream woody habitat and replant riverbanks. Knowledge of natural or pre-disturbance IWH loads is useful to guide such restoration programs; however, such datasets are often unavailable. In this study, natural IWH loads were mapped along 105km of undisturbed rivers in south-eastern Australia. This field dataset was modelled, using boosted regression trees, against geomorphic, environmental and climatic variables to predict natural IWH loads in rivers across Victoria. Mapped natural IWH loads averaged 0.029m3m–2 (±0.005), ranging from 0.083 to 0.002m3m–2. Natural IWH volumes were predicted to range from 0 to 0.102m3m–2. Distinct IWH loading trends were noticeable over larger spatial scales. Eastern Victoria showed relatively lower natural IWH loads than did western Victoria. Because many stream restoration efforts do not have a quantifiable knowledge of natural IWH load, the results of the present study provide some guidance. The predicted IWH loadings are a useful first step in identifying broad areas for further investigation and a natural condition base for current IWH condition modelling.
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Cacal, Jennifer C., and Evelyn B. Taboada. "Assessment and Evaluation of IWRM Implementation in Palawan, Philippines." Civil Engineering Journal 8, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 290–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.28991/cej-2022-08-02-08.
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According to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goal (SDG 6), the world needs to sustainably manage water resources through integrated water resource management (IWRM). The Philippines is committed to this goal by ensuring the implementation of IWRM at all levels. Concurrently, there is growing evidence that there is presently no consolidated data on the status of implementation at the sub-national level. With water shortages on the increase, it's more important than ever to find solutions to settle disputes and trade-offs so that water can be distributed effectively, sustainably, and equally. This paper aims to investigate the degree of implementation of IWRM that presents the actual state of affairs in terms of water management at the sub-national level. This study is focused on Palawan Province, with the following sites: Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay. A structured survey questionnaire was drawn up in accordance with the existing questionnaire developed for this purpose. The obtained data were computed using the steps developed for calculating the indicators of IWRM implementation degree. Puerto Princesa City, El Nido, Roxas, and Taytay have the following IWRM ratings: 39.93, 32.03, 37.99, and 36.32%, respectively, which means "medium-low" in which the IWRM components have largely been institutionalized, and deployment is well underway. In these regions, a subnational water management scheme exists, but its maximum capacity is mostly unrealized due to numerous constraints. The findings show that the numerous water laws are confusing and that water data for planning purposes is lacking. Even though there are many water agencies, they are not interconnected. This study is useful for successful IWRM implementation, which should encourage sustainable water resource management for environmental sustainability. Integrated methods for water resource management help to organize sustainable growth by assessing how water is handled in agriculture, urban applications, and the surrounding ecosystems. Doi: 10.28991/CEJ-2022-08-02-08 Full Text: PDF
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Wang, Zong-Yao, Xiang-Can Cheng, Bao-Zong Wang, Jin-Yi Zhang, Yue-Hui Lu, Chang-Rui Yi, Sen Niu, et al. "Realization of an ideal Weyl semimetal band in a quantum gas with 3D spin-orbit coupling." Science 372, no. 6539 (April 15, 2021): 271–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.abc0105.
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Weyl semimetals are three-dimensional (3D) gapless topological phases with Weyl cones in the bulk band. According to lattice theory, Weyl cones must come in pairs, with the minimum number of cones being two. A semimetal with only two Weyl cones is an ideal Weyl semimetal (IWSM). Here we report the experimental realization of an IWSM band by engineering 3D spin-orbit coupling for ultracold atoms. The topological Weyl points are clearly measured via the virtual slicing imaging technique in equilibrium and are further resolved in the quench dynamics. The realization of an IWSM band opens an avenue to investigate various exotic phenomena that are difficult to access in solids.
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Liu, Li-wei. "Interval Wavelet Numerical Method on Fokker-Planck Equations for Nonlinear Random System." Advances in Mathematical Physics 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/651357.
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The Fokker-Planck-Kolmogorov (FPK) equation governs the probability density function (p.d.f.) of the dynamic response of a particular class of linear or nonlinear system to random excitation. An interval wavelet numerical method (IWNM) for nonlinear random systems is proposed using interval Shannon-Gabor wavelet interpolation operator. An FPK equation for nonlinear oscillators and a time fractional Fokker-Planck equation are taken as examples to illustrate its effectiveness and efficiency. Compared with the common wavelet collocation methods, IWNM can decrease the boundary effect greatly. Compared with the finite difference method for the time fractional Fokker-Planck equation, IWNM can improve the calculation precision evidently.
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Bertule, Maija, Paul Glennie, Peter Koefoed Bjørnsen, Gareth James Lloyd, Marianne Kjellen, James Dalton, Alistair Rieu-Clarke, et al. "Monitoring Water Resources Governance Progress Globally: Experiences from Monitoring SDG Indicator 6.5.1 on Integrated Water Resources Management Implementation." Water 10, no. 12 (November 27, 2018): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w10121744.
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Improved water resources governance supports important social, economic, and environmental objectives. The 2030 Agenda recognizes improved water governance to be critical for achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and commits to monitor the progress of implementation of integrated water resources management (IWRM). This paper critically reviews the approach to monitoring SDG indicator 6.5.1 on implementation of IWRM. Firstly, the paper places the indicator monitoring within the context of other initiatives to measure water governance. Secondly, it analyzes experiences of application of the SDG indicator 6.5.1 methodology to evaluate the strengths and weaknesses of the indicator and presents the key findings of the 2017/2018 global baseline assessment of IWRM implementation. Baseline reporting shows that degree of IWRM implementation globally is 49%, though country scores range from 10 to 100%. Disaggregating the data by country and by aspect of water resources governance provides a diagnostic tool to identify areas of high and low progress, and, therefore, where increased resources and attention are required. The article concludes by suggesting how the next iteration of SDG indicator 6.5.1 monitoring cycle can be made into a tool for advancing the IWRM implementation and improved governance practices on the ground. It also proposes how the methodology can be strengthened to address current limitations, including aspects relating to integrity, accountability and transparency.
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Zeng, Chuijie, Tao Qin, Wei Tan, Chuan Lin, Zhaoqiang Zhu, Jing Yang, and Shangwei Yuan. "Coverage Optimization of Heterogeneous Wireless Sensor Network Based on Improved Wild Horse Optimizer." Biomimetics 8, no. 1 (February 6, 2023): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics8010070.
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One of the most important challenges for heterogeneous wireless sensor networks (HWSNs) is adequate network coverage and connectivity. Aiming at this problem, this paper proposes an improved wild horse optimizer algorithm (IWHO). Firstly, the population’s variety is increased by using the SPM chaotic mapping at initialization; secondly, the WHO and Golden Sine Algorithm (Golden-SA) are hybridized to improve the WHO’s accuracy and arrive at faster convergence; Thirdly, the IWHO can escape from a local optimum and broaden the search space by using opposition-based learning and the Cauchy variation strategy. The results indicate that the IWHO has the best capacity for optimization by contrasting the simulation tests with seven algorithms on 23 test functions. Finally, three sets of coverage optimization experiments in different simulated environments are designed to test the effectiveness of this algorithm. The validation results demonstrate that the IWHO can achieve better and more effective sensor connectivity and coverage ratio compared to that of several algorithms. After optimization, the HWSN’s coverage and connectivity ratio attained 98.51% and 20.04%, and after adding obstacles, 97.79% and 17.44%, respectively.
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Swanton, Clarence J., and Stephen D. Murphy. "Weed Science Beyond the Weeds: The Role of Integrated Weed Management (IWM) in Agroecosystem Health." Weed Science 44, no. 2 (June 1996): 437–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500094145.
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Integrated weed management (IWM) research has focused on how crop yields and weed interference are affected by changes in management, e.g., tillage, herbicide application timing and rates, cover crops, and planting patterns. Acceptance of IWM will depend on recommendation of specific strategies that manage weeds and maintain crop productivity; such research will and should continue. However, IWM needs to move from a descriptive to a predictive phase if long-term strategies are to be adopted. Linking management changes with crop-weed modeling that includes such components as weed population dynamics and the ecophysiological basis of competition will help predict future weed problems and solutions and the economic risks and benefits of intervention. Predictive approaches would help incorporate IWM into models of the processes that occur in agricultural systems at wider spatial and temporal scales, i.e., in agroecosystems comprised of the interactions among organisms (including humans) and the environment. It is at these larger scales that decisions about management are initiated and where questions about the long-term consequences and constraints of IWM and agriculture are often asked. These questions can be addressed by agroecosystem health, an approach that integrates biophysical, social, and economic concerns and recognizes that agriculture is part of a world with many complex subsystems and interactions. Indicators are used to examine the status of an agroecosystem, e.g., whether or not it contains all that is necessary to continue functioning. Indicators include soil quality, crop productivity, and water quality; all of these are related to the rationale of IWM, hence IWM can be linked to agroecosystem health. Ancillary effects of using IWM relate to other indicators such as diversity and energy efficiency. Linking IWM to agroecosystem health has at least two benefits: (1) predictive models within IWM can be incorporated into larger agroecosystem models to explore hitherto unforseen problems or benefits of IWM, and (2) the relevance and benefits of IWM should become clearer to the public and government agencies who otherwise might not examine how IWM promotes many of the larger social, economic and environmental goals being promulgated.