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Author: Grafiati

Published: 11 March 2023

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1

Pistone, Mattia, Othmar Müntener, Luca Ziberna, György Hetényi, and Alberto Zanetti. "Report on the ICDP workshop DIVE (Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE)." Scientific Drilling 23 (November 30, 2017): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-23-47-2017.

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Abstract. The Ivrea–Verbano Zone is the most complete, time-integrated crust–upper mantle archive in the world. It is a unique target for assembling data on the deep crust and the Moho transition zone and testing several hypotheses of formation, evolution, and modification of the continental crust through space and time across the Earth. The ICDP workshop Drilling the Ivrea–Verbano zonE (DIVE), held in Baveno, Italy, from 1 to 5 May 2017, focused on the scientific objectives and the technical aspects of drilling and sampling in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone at depth. A total of 47 participants from 9 countries with a wide variety of scientific and/or drilling expertise attended the meeting. Discussion on the proposed targets sharpened the main research lines and led to working groups and the necessary technical details to compile the full drilling proposal. The participants of the workshop concluded that four drilling operations in the Val Sesia and Val d'Ossola crustal sections represent the scientifically most promising solution to achieve the major goals within DIVE to unravel the physico-chemical properties and architecture of the lower continental crust towards the crust–mantle (Moho) transition zone.

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2

Barboza, Scott A., and George W. Bergantz. "Dynamic model of dehydration melting motivated by a natural analogue: applications to the Ivrea–Verbano zone, northern Italy." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 87, no. 1-2 (1996): 23–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263593300006441.

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ABSTRACT:Dehydration melting of crustal rocks may commonly occur in response to the intrusion of mafic magma in the mid- or lower crust. However, the relative importance of melt buoyancy, shear or dyking in melt generation and extraction under geologically relevant conditions is not well understood. A numerical model of the partial melting of a metapelite is presented and the model results are compared with the Ivrea-Verbano Zone in northern Italy. The numerical model uses the mixture theory approach to modelling simultaneous convection and phase change and includes special ramping and switching functions to accommodate the rheology of crystal-melt mixtures in accordance with the results of deformation experiments. The model explicitly includes both porous media flow and thermally and compositionally driven bulk convection of a restitecharged melt mass. A range of melt viscosity and critical melt fraction models is considered. General agreement was found between predicted positions of isopleths and those from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone. Maximum melt velocities in the region of porous flow are found to be 1 × 10−7 and 1 × 10−1m per year in the region of viscous flow. The results indicate that melt buoyancy alone may not be a sufficient agent for melt extraction and that extensive, vigorous convection of partially molten rocks above mafic bodies is unlikely, in accord with direct geological examples.

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3

Quartieri, Simona, Gilberto Artioli, Antonio Deriu, Pier Paolo Lottici, and Gianni Antonioli. "57Fe-Mössbauer investigation on garnets from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 389 (December 1993): 671–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.389.11.

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AbstractA Mössbauer investigation has been carried out on garnets from the Ivrea-Verbano zone and the results are compared with those obtained on the same samples by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). The problem addressed is the precise structural characterisation of the local environment of iron in garnets with Fe/Ca ratio variable between ∼3.0 and ∼18.0. Ferric iron is octahedrally coordinated and ferrous iron is in the dodecahedral site in all the samples. Mössbauer results are in agreement with those obtained by XAS and show that, at least in the compositional range of the garnets examined (0.1-0.5 calcium atoms p.f.u.), the iron environment is not significantly modified by the larger calcium cations sharing the same dodecahedral site. It is confirmed that the Mössbauer technique is more sensitive than XAS in detecting low percentages of iron, especially when the cation is present in more than one oxidation state and coordination number.

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4

Sinigoi, Silvano, James E. Quick, Adriano Mayer, and Gabriella Demarchi. "Density-controlled assimilation of underplated crust, Ivrea-Verbano zone, Italy." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 129, no. 1-4 (January 1995): 183–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(94)00230-v.

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5

Antonicelli, Marta, Riccardo Tribuzio, Tong Liu, and Fu-Yuan Wu. "Contaminating melt flow in magmatic peridotites from the lower continental crust (Rocca d'Argimonia sequence, Ivrea–Verbano Zone)." European Journal of Mineralogy 32, no. 6 (November 4, 2020): 587–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/ejm-32-587-2020.

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Abstract. The lower continental crust section of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (Italian Alps) was intruded by a ∼ 8 km thick gabbroic–dioritic body (Ivrea Mafic Complex) in the Upper Carboniferous–Lower Permian, in conjunction with the post-collisional transtensional regime related to the Variscan orogeny. In the deepest levels of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, several peridotite–pyroxenite sequences considered of magmatic origin are exposed. We present here a petrological–geochemical investigation of the peridotites from the largest magmatic ultramafic sequence of the Ivrea Mafic Complex, locally called Rocca d'Argimonia. In spite of the widespread subsolidus re-equilibration under granulite facies conditions, most likely reflecting a slow cooling evolution in the lower continental crust, the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites (dunites to harzburgites and minor clinopyroxene-poor lherzolites) typically retain structures and microstructures of magmatic origin. In particular, the harzburgites and the lherzolites typically show poikilitic orthopyroxenes enclosing partially dissolved olivine and minor spinel. Olivine has forsterite proportion diminishing from the dunites to the harzburgites and the lherzolites (90 mol % to 85 mol %) and negatively correlating with δ18O (+5.8 ‰ to +6.6 ‰). Gabbronorite dykes locally crosscut the peridotites and show millimetre-scale thick, orthopyroxenite to websterite reaction zones along the contact with host rocks. We propose that the Rocca d'Argimonia peridotites record a process of reactive melt flow through a melt-poor olivine-rich crystal mush or a pre-existing dunite. This process was most likely responsible for the olivine dissolution shown by the poikilitic orthopyroxenes in the harzburgites–lherzolites. We infer that the reactively migrating melts possessed a substantial crustal component and operated at least at the scale of ∼ 100 m.

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6

Obata, Masaaki, and Shun-ichiro Karato. "Ultramafic pseudotachylite from the Balmuccia peridotite, Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy." Tectonophysics 242, no. 3-4 (February 1995): 313–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(94)00228-2.

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7

Quick, James E., Silvano Sinigoi, Luisa Negrini, Gabriella Demarchi, and Adriano Mayer. "Synmagmatic deformation in the underplated igneous complex of the Ivrea-Verbano zone." Geology 20, no. 7 (1992): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1992)020<0613:sditui>2.3.co;2.

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8

Techmer, Kirsten S., Hans Ahrendt, and Klaus Weber. "The development of pseudotachylyte in the Ivrea—Verbano Zone of the Italian Alps." Tectonophysics 204, no. 3-4 (April 1992): 307–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(92)90314-v.

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9

Förster, H. J., and D. E. Harlov. "Monazite-(Ce)-huttonite solid solutions in granulite-facies metabasites from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy." Mineralogical Magazine 63, no. 4 (August 1999): 587–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1999.063.4.11.

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AbstractComposite populations of monazite-group minerals of both metamorphic and metasomatic origin have been discovered in thin layers of granulite-facies metabasites interlayered with metapelites, located in the Val Strona di Omegna region of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy. In addition to monazite-(Ce), which is uncommonly poor in Th and is probably formed by incongruent dissolution of apatite, these populations include members of the monazite-huttonite series. The latter minerals contain between 13 and 30.1 mol.% ThSiO4 [= huttonitic monazite-(Ce)], and are known from only half a dozen other occurrences worldwide. We propose that breakdown of primary monazite-(Ce) in the metapelites during granulite-facies metamorphism mobilized Th and the REEs, which were then transported by high-grade metamorphic fluids into the metabasite layers to form the Th-rich minerals of the monazite-huttonite series.

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10

Quick, James E., Silvano Sinigoi, and Adriano Mayer. "Emplacement of mantle peridotite in the lower continental crust, Ivrea-Verbano zone, northwest Italy." Geology 23, no. 8 (1995): 739. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1995)023<0739:eompit>2.3.co;2.

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11

Lu, Meihua, Albrecht W. Hofmann, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, and Giorgio Rivalenti. "The mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea-Verbano Zone), II. Geochronology and isotope geochemistry." Chemical Geology 140, no. 3-4 (August 1997): 223–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(97)00050-8.

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12

Rutter, Ernest, Katharine Brodie, Tony James, and Luigi Burlini. "Large-scale folding in the upper part of the Ivrea-Verbano zone, NW Italy." Journal of Structural Geology 29, no. 1 (January 2007): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsg.2006.08.013.

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13

Rivalenti, Giorgio, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, Maria Adelaide Barbieri, Massimo Parent, Rolf Schmid, and Alberto Zanetti. "Garnetite-forming processes in the deep crust: The Val Fiorina case study (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, NW Alps)." European Journal of Mineralogy 9, no. 5 (September 24, 1997): 1053–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/9/5/1053.

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14

Mayer, Adriano, Klaus Mezger, and Silvano Sinigoi. "New Sm–Nd ages for the Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Sesia and Sessera valleys (Northern-Italy)." Journal of Geodynamics 30, no. 1-2 (February 2000): 147–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0264-3707(99)00031-9.

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15

Lu, Meihua, Albrecht W. Hofmann, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, and Giorgio Rivalenti. "The mafic-ultramafic complex near Finero (Ivrea-Verbano Zone), I. Chemistry of MORB-like magmas." Chemical Geology 140, no. 3-4 (August 1997): 207–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-2541(97)00049-1.

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16

Burlini, Luigi, and David M. Fountain. "Seismic anisotropy of metapelites from the Ivrea-Verbano zone and Serie dei Laghi (northern Italy)." Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors 78, no. 3-4 (July 1993): 301–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(93)90162-3.

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17

Mazzucchelli, M., and F. Siena. "Geotectonic significance of the metabasites of the Kinzigitic Series, Ivrea-Verbano zone (Western Italian Alps)." TMPM Tschermaks Mineralogische und Petrographische Mitteilungen 35, no. 2 (1986): 99–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01140842.

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18

Garuti, G., and R. Rinaldi. "Mineralogy of melonite-group and other tellurides from the Ivrea-Verbano basic complex, western Italian Alps." Economic Geology 81, no. 5 (August 1, 1986): 1213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.5.1213.

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19

Quick, James E., Silvano Sinigoi, and Adriano Mayer. "Emplacement dynamics of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 99, B11 (November 10, 1994): 21559–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jb00113.

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20

Sinigoi, Silvano, James E. Quick, Diane Clemens-Knott, Adriano Mayer, Gabbriella Demarchi, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, Luisa Negrini, and Giorgio Rivalenti. "Chemical evolution of a large mafic intrusion in the lower crust, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 99, B11 (November 10, 1994): 21575–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/94jb00114.

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21

Zhong, X., M. Frehner, K. Kunze, and A. S. Zappone. "A numerical and experimental investigation on seismic anisotropy of Finero peridotite, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northern Italy." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 82 (April 24, 2015): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/82/1/012072.

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22

Wolff, R., I. Dunkl, G. Kiesselbach, K. Wemmer, and S. Siegesmund. "Thermochronological constraints on the multiphase exhumation history of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone of the Southern Alps." Tectonophysics 579 (December 2012): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2012.03.019.

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23

Quartieri, Simona, Gianni Antonioli, Pier Paolo Lottici, and Gilberto Artioli. "X-ray absorption study at the Fe K-edge of garnets from the Ivrea-Verbano zone." Mineralogical Magazine 57, no. 387 (June 1993): 249–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1993.057.387.07.

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AbstractK-edge X-ray absorption spectra of Fe in garnet samples from the Ivrea-Verbano zone were collected using synchrotron radiation. From XANES analysis, the prevalent oxidation state of Fe has been determined as 2+ in all studied samples. Coordination numbers and Fe-O bond lengths derived from the EXAFS analysis are compatible with a dodecahedral environment of Fe atoms and seem to be nearly independent of the variable Fe/Ca ratio of the cations sharing the dodecahedral site in these garnets. This suggests that, since at least up to 0.5 Ca atoms p.f.u, no sensible deformation of the dodecahedron geometry is sensed by the Fe cations, iron might strongly compete with Ca atoms in controlling the entry of rare earth elements in the dodecahedral site of garnets falling within this compositional range. Comparison of the EXAFS results with the data from single crystal X-ray diffraction structure refinements indicates a first shell neighbour distance accuracy of ±0.02 Å, using theoretical EXAFS phases and amplitudes. The Debye-Waller factors derived from the EXAFS analysis indicate a higher degree of disorder on the four longer Fe-O bond distances, in comparsion with the other four shorter distances of the height-coordinated cation; this could be related to the nonrigid polyhedral behaviour of the dodecahedral site.

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24

Rutter, E. H., K. H. Brodie, and P. J. Evans. "Structural geometry, lower crustal magmatic underplating and lithospheric stretching in the Ivrea-Verbano zone, northern Italy." Journal of Structural Geology 15, no. 3-5 (March 1993): 647–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0191-8141(93)90153-2.

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25

Demarchi, Gabriella, James E. Quick, Silvano Sinigoi, and Adriano Mayer. "Pressure Gradient and Original Orientation of A Lower‐Crustal Intrusion in the Ivrea‐Verbano Zone, Northern Italy." Journal of Geology 106, no. 5 (September 1998): 609–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516045.

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26

Smye, Andrew J., Luc L. Lavier, Thomas Zack, and Daniel F. Stockli. "Episodic heating of continental lower crust during extension: A thermal modeling investigation of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 521 (September 2019): 158–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.06.015.

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27

Qiu, Lin, Roberta L. Rudnick, William F. McDonough, and Fernando Bea. "The behavior of lithium in amphibolite- to granulite-facies rocks of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone, NW Italy." Chemical Geology 289, no. 1-2 (October 2011): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2011.07.014.

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28

Corvò, Stefania, Antonio Langone, José Alberto Padrón-Navarta, Andrea Tommasi, and Alberto Zanetti. "Porphyroclasts: Source and Sink of Major and Trace Elements During Deformation-Induced Metasomatism (Finero, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italy)." Geosciences 10, no. 5 (May 21, 2020): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10050196.

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Petrographic and geochemical data for mylonites from a metric-scale shear zone in mantle peridotites from the Finero massif (Southern Alps) record large mineralogical and geochemical modifications compared to surrounding coarse-grained ultramafic rocks, which were pervasively deformed in presence of hydrous melts. The mylonites are composed by olivine and orthopyroxene and, less frequently, clinopyroxene, phlogopite, and pargasite porphyroclasts enclosed in a fine-grained matrix of phlogopite and olivine, with subordinate amounts of orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, pargasite, and chromite. P-T estimates indicate that deformation occurred under granulite- to upper-amphibolite facies conditions. Field relationships and U-Pb dating indicate that the shear zone was active during Lower Jurassic and/or later, in an extensional setting at the western margin of the Adria plate, which led to the opening of the Alpine Tethys. The major and trace element composition of the porphyroclasts in the mylonites significantly differ from those in the hosting coarse-grained ultramafics. Porphyroclasts were chemically active during deformation acting as source (diffusion-out) or sink (diffusion-in) for some trace elements. The chemical modifications were promoted by the interaction with aqueous fluids and the composition varied from mantle- (enriched in Ni, Co, Li, Na, REE, Y, and Sr) to crustal-derived (enriched in Zn, K, Al, Ti, and Fe).

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29

Luvizotto, G. L., and T. Zack. "Nb and Zr behavior in rutile during high-grade metamorphism and retrogression: An example from the Ivrea–Verbano Zone." Chemical Geology 261, no. 3-4 (April 2009): 303–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2008.07.023.

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30

Boriani, Attilio, Valeria Caironi, and Rosalino Sacchi. "The CMB Line: the southern margin of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (basement of Southern Alps, Italy): a re-appraisal." Rendiconti Lincei 27, no. 4 (June 30, 2016): 673–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-016-0548-0.

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31

Belluso, Elena, Giuseppe Biino, and Roberto Lanza. "New data on the rock magnetism in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Northern Italy) and its relationships to the magnetic anomalies." Tectonophysics 182, no. 1-2 (October 1990): 79–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0040-1951(90)90343-7.

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32

Berger, A., I. Mercolli, N. Kapferer, and B. Fügenschuh. "Single and double exhumation of fault blocks in the internal Sesia-Lanzo Zone and the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (Biella, Italy)." International Journal of Earth Sciences 101, no. 7 (February 24, 2012): 1877–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00531-012-0755-6.

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33

Brodie, K. H., E. H. Rutter, and P. Evans. "On the structure of the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (northern Italy) and its implications for present-day lower continental crust geometry." Terra Nova 4, no. 1 (January 1992): 34–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3121.1992.tb00448.x.

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34

Sinigoi, S., J. E. Quick, A. Mayer, and J. Budahn. "Influence of stretching and density contrasts on the chemical evolution of continental magmas: an example from the Ivrea-Verbano Zone." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 123, no. 3 (April 15, 1996): 238–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004100050153.

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35

Bonazzi, Mattia, Antonio Langone, Simone Tumiati, Edoardo Dellarole, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, Tommaso Giovanardi, and Alberto Zanetti. "Mantle-Derived Corundum-Bearing Felsic Dykes May Survive Only within the Lower (Refractory/Inert) Crust: Evidence from Zircon Geochemistry and Geochronology (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Southern Alps, Italy)." Geosciences 10, no. 8 (July 23, 2020): 281. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/geosciences10080281.

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Corundum-rich (up to 55 vol.%) felsic dykes formed with albite, ±K-feldspar, ±hercynite and ±biotite-siderophyllite cut the lower crustal rocks exposed in the Ivrea–Verbano Zone (NW Italy). Zircon is an abundant accessory mineral and its investigation through laser ablation-inductively coupled plasma (multi-collector)-mass spectrometer (LA-ICP-(MC)MS) has allowed results to directly constrain the timing of emplacement, as well as petrology and geochemistry of parental melts. Zircons are characterized by very large concentration in rare earth elements (REE), Th, U, Nb and Ta, and negative Eu anomaly. U–Pb analysis points to Norian emplacement ages (223 ± 7 Ma and 224 ± 6 Ma), whereas large positive εHf(t) values (+13 on average) indicate a derivation from depleted to mildly enriched mantle source. The mantle signature and the corundum oversaturation were preserved thanks to limited crustal contamination of the host, high-temperature refractory granulites and mafic intrusives. According to the geochemical data and to the evidence of the development of violent explosions into the conduits, it is proposed that dykes segregated from peraluminous melts produced by exsolution processes affecting volatile-rich differentiates during alkaline magmatism. This work provides robust evidence about the transition of the geochemical affinity of Southern Alps magmatism from orogenic-like to anorogenic during Norian time, linked to a regional uprising of the asthenosphere and change of tectonic regime.

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36

Bussolesi, Micol, Giovanni Grieco, and Evangelos Tzamos. "Olivine–Spinel Diffusivity Patterns in Chromitites and Dunites from the Finero Phlogopite-Peridotite (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Southern Alps): Implications for the Thermal History of the Massif." Minerals 9, no. 2 (January 27, 2019): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min9020075.

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The study of Mg–Fe2+ subsolidus exchange between olivine and spinel is a powerful tool to unravel the thermal history of ultramafic rocks. We have implemented such a study using olivine–spinel diffusivity patterns in fresh mineralogical samples from the Finero mafic-ultramafic Complex in the Ivrea-Verbano zone of Northern Italy. Our analytical suite includes chromitites and dunites of the Phlogopite-Peridotite Unit from the core of the Complex. Primary and re-equilibrated olivine and spinel compositions were derived from diffusivity curves calculated by fitting data via an exponential function. Resulting XMg (Mg/(Mg + Fe2+) values were then used for geothermometry. Samples are found to demonstrate a maximum temperature of 849 °C and a minimum temperature of 656 °C; these temperatures coincide with the limits of elemental exchange in this mineralogic system. We were unable to identify primary olivine/spinel compositions related to the original formation of the dunite–chromitite suite during Early Permian metasomatic activity. Temperature of 849 °C is ascribed to the Late Triassic re-heating event dated at 208 ± 2 Ma. Continuous cooling followed this event at rates of 10−4 and 10−2 °C/yr until cessation of elemental exchange activity at ~656 °C. A rapid cooling rate is associated with the uplift and subsequent decrease of geothermal gradient during the early stages of the opening of the Piemont ocean basin.

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37

Zanetti, Alberto, Maurizio Mazzucchelli, Silvano Sinigoi, Tommaso Giovanardi, Gabriella Peressini, and Mark Fanning. "SHRIMP U–Pb Zircon Triassic Intrusion Age of the Finero Mafic Complex (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Western Alps) and its Geodynamic Implications." Journal of Petrology 54, no. 11 (September 11, 2013): 2235–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egt046.

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38

Zanetti, A., M. Mazzucchelli, S. Sinigoi, T. Giovanardi, G. Peressini, and M. Fanning. "SHRIMP U-Pb Zircon Triassic Intrusion Age of the Finero Mafic Complex (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Western Alps) and its Geodynamic Implications." Journal of Petrology 55, no. 6 (April 10, 2014): 1239–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egu018.

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39

Klötzli, Urs S., Silvano Sinigoi, James E. Quick, Gabriella Demarchi, Colombo C. G. Tassinari, Kei Sato, and Zekerias Günes. "Duration of igneous activity in the Sesia Magmatic System and implications for high-temperature metamorphism in the Ivrea–Verbano deep crust." Lithos 206-207 (October 2014): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2014.07.020.

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40

Zanetti, Alberto, Tommaso Giovanardi, Antonio Langone, Massimo Tiepolo, Fu-Yuan Wu, Luigi Dallai, and Maurizio Mazzucchelli. "Origin and age of zircon-bearing chromitite layers from the Finero phlogopite peridotite (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Western Alps) and geodynamic consequences." Lithos 262 (October 2016): 58–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2016.06.015.

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41

Garde, Adam A., Attilio Boriani, and Erik V. Sørensen. "Crustal modelling of the Ivrea–Verbano zone in northern Italy re-examined: Coseismic cataclasis versus extensional shear zones and sideways rotation." Tectonophysics 662 (November 2015): 291–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tecto.2015.04.003.

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42

Ewing, Tanya A., Jörg Hermann, and Daniela Rubatto. "The robustness of the Zr-in-rutile and Ti-in-zircon thermometers during high-temperature metamorphism (Ivrea-Verbano Zone, northern Italy)." Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology 165, no. 4 (November 28, 2012): 757–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00410-012-0834-5.

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Huang, Jian, Sha Chen, Xing‐Chao Zhang, and Fang Huang. "Effects of Melt Percolation on Zn Isotope Heterogeneity in the Mantle: Constraints From Peridotite Massifs in Ivrea‐Verbano Zone, Italian Alps." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 123, no. 4 (April 2018): 2706–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2017jb015287.

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44

Kovaleva, Elizaveta, Håkon O. Austrheim, and Urs S. Klötzli. "Interpretation of zircon coronae textures from metapelitic granulites of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone, northern Italy: two-stage decomposition of Fe–Ti oxides." Solid Earth 8, no. 4 (July 25, 2017): 789–804. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-8-789-2017.

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Abstract. In this study, we report the occurrence of zircon coronae textures in metapelitic granulites of the Ivrea–Verbano Zone. Unusual zircon textures are spatially associated with Fe–Ti oxides and occur as (1) vermicular-shaped aggregates 50–200 µm long and 5–20 µm thick and as (2) zircon coronae and fine-grained chains, hundreds of micrometers long and ≤ 1 µm thick, spatially associated with the larger zircon grains. Formation of such textures is a result of zircon precipitation during cooling after peak metamorphic conditions, which involved: (1) decomposition of Zr-rich ilmenite to Zr-bearing rutile, and formation of the vermicular-shaped zircon during retrograde metamorphism and hydration; and (2) recrystallization of Zr-bearing rutile to Zr-depleted rutile intergrown with quartz, and precipitation of the submicron-thick zircon coronae during further exhumation and cooling. We also observed hat-shaped grains that are composed of preexisting zircon overgrown by zircon coronae during stage (2). Formation of vermicular zircon (1) preceded ductile and brittle deformation of the host rock, as vermicular zircon is found both plastically and cataclastically deformed. Formation of thin zircon coronae (2) was coeval with, or immediately after, brittle deformation as coronae are found to fill fractures in the host rock. The latter is evidence of local, fluid-aided mobility of Zr. This study demonstrates that metamorphic zircon can nucleate and grow as a result of hydration reactions and mineral breakdown during cooling after granulite-facies metamorphism. Zircon coronae textures indicate metamorphic reactions in the host rock and establish the direction of the reaction front.

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Guergouz, Celia, Laure Martin, Olivier Vanderhaeghe, Nicolas Thébaud, and Marco Fiorentini. "Zircon and monazite petrochronologic record of prolonged amphibolite to granulite facies metamorphism in the Ivrea-Verbano and Strona-Ceneri Zones, NW Italy." Lithos 308-309 (May 2018): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lithos.2018.02.014.

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46

Zhong, Xin, Marcel Frehner, Karsten Kunze, and Alba Zappone. "A novel EBSD-based finite-element wave propagation model for investigating seismic anisotropy: Application to Finero Peridotite, Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Northern Italy." Geophysical Research Letters 41, no. 20 (October 27, 2014): 7105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2014gl060490.

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Snoke, Arthur W., Thomas J. Kalakay, James E. Quick, and Silvano Sinigoi. "Development of a deep-crustal shear zone in response to syntectonic intrusion of mafic magma into the lower crust, Ivrea–Verbano zone, Italy." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 166, no. 1-2 (February 1999): 31–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00280-5.

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48

Huang, Jian, Fang Huang, Zaicong Wang, Xingchao Zhang, and Huimin Yu. "Copper isotope fractionation during partial melting and melt percolation in the upper mantle: Evidence from massif peridotites in Ivrea-Verbano Zone, Italian Alps." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 211 (August 2017): 48–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2017.05.007.

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49

Scarponi, M., G. Hetényi, T. Berthet, L. Baron, P. Manzotti, B. Petri, M. Pistone, and O. Müntener. "New gravity data and 3-D density model constraints on the Ivrea Geophysical Body (Western Alps)." Geophysical Journal International 222, no. 3 (May 30, 2020): 1977–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gji/ggaa263.

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SUMMARY We provide a high-resolution image of the Ivrea Geophysical Body (IGB) in the Western Alps with new gravity data and 3-D density modelling, integrated with surface geological observations and laboratory analyses of rock properties. The IGB is a sliver of Adriatic lower lithosphere that is located at shallow depths along the inner arc of the Western Alps, and associated with dense rocks that are exposed in the Ivrea-Verbano Zone (IVZ). The IGB is known for its high seismic velocity anomaly at shallow crustal depths and a pronounced positive gravity anomaly. Here, we investigate the IGB at a finer spatial scale, merging geophysical and geological observations. We compile existing gravity data and we add 207 new relative gravity measurements, approaching an optimal spatial coverage of 1 data point per 4–9 km2 across the IVZ. A compilation of tectonic maps and rock laboratory analyses together with a mineral properties database is used to produce a novel surface rock-density map of the IVZ. The density map is incorporated into the gravity anomaly computation routine, from which we defined the Niggli gravity anomaly. This accounts for Bouguer Plate and terrain correction, both considering the in situ surface rock densities, deviating from the 2670 kg m–3 value commonly used in such computations. We then develop a 3-D single-interface crustal density model, which represents the density distribution of the IGB, including the above Niggli-correction. We retrieve an optimal fit to the observations by using a 400 kg m–3 density contrast across the model interface, which reaches as shallow as 1 km depth below sea level. The model sensitivity tests suggest that the ∼300–500 kg m–3 density contrast range is still plausible, and consequently locates the shallowest parts of the interface at 0 km and at 2 km depth below sea level, for the lowest and the highest density contrast, respectively. The former model requires a sharp density discontinuity, the latter may feature a vertical transition of densities on the order of few kilometres. Compared with previous studies, the model geometry reaches shallower depths and suggests that the width of the anomaly is larger, ∼20 km in west–east direction and steeply E–SE dipping. Regarding the possible rock types composing the IGB, both regional geology and standard background crustal structure considerations are taken into account. These exclude both felsic rocks and high-pressure metamorphic rocks as suitable candidates, and point towards ultramafic or mantle peridotite type rocks composing the bulk of the IGB.

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Ewing, Tanya A., Daniela Rubatto, and Jörg Hermann. "Hafnium isotopes and Zr/Hf of rutile and zircon from lower crustal metapelites (Ivrea–Verbano Zone, Italy): Implications for chemical differentiation of the crust." Earth and Planetary Science Letters 389 (March 2014): 106–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2013.12.029.

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