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Mbemap, Mamouda. "Governing elite and civil society in Côte d'Ivoire : the construction of foreign policy towards France (1973-1995)." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1998. https://researchportal.port.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/governing-elite-and-civil-society-in-cote-divoire(ea157aae-6b87-49cb-a134-25b343f157f5).html.
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Toure, Ali 1954. "A dynamic analysis for a privatization process in Ivory Coast." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/70308.
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Ndzeng, Nyangone Emmanuel. "South Africa’s relations with Gabon and the Ivory Coast: 1969-1994." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1138.
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Thesis (DPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.Security (war or peace), economy, technological progress, cultural development and issues of identity are some of the aspects that characterise the nature of relations between countries. Traditionally, the objectives of a country’s foreign policy concern security and welfare. But, the search for national prestige, for autonomy or for a change in the world’s power relationships or ideological re-orientation can all inform the foreign policies of many states.1 South Africa is no exception; during the stewardship of Prime Minister BJ Vorster, his objective was the launching of a policy of détente. As a consequence, South Africa was subjected to continuous external criticism. At the insistence of the discrimination apartheid policy, South Africa was excluded from a wide range of intergovernmental agencies and conferences, was isolated by the international community and became the object of an economic boycott by the vast majority of African states. It therefore was clear that the increasing hostility towards South Africa’s domestic policy would isolate the country further. The world’s reaction to South African’s domestic policy demonstrated that foreign opinion had an influence on domestic policy, and that it imposed constraints on the conduct of foreign policy. To extricate itself from this situation, South Africa initiated the policy of rapprochement called détente policy during Vorster’s time in office. Vorster had no illusions about the need for safety in South Africa, thus his main ideal as Prime Minister was to establish normal and friendly relations with African states. Vorster hoped to improve South African’s international position by improving relations with Black Africa through the policy of détente. It is with regard to this policy, undertaken during the period of the African continent’s rejection of South Africa’s race discrimination policies and this country’s exclusion from the community of African states, that the present study investigates and analyses South Africa’s relations with the Ivory Coast and Gabon from 1969 to 1994, viewed from South African and French source material. In other words, this study analyses the interaction that took place in the past with regard to the South African government’s relations with the governments of Gabon and the Ivory Coast, which directed human activities in the political, economic, military and cultural fields. This investigation and analysis were undertaken in order to understand why the Ivory Coast and Gabon became involved with South Africa when the African community and even the international community had called for the isolation of this country due to its apartheid policy, and how these relations would improve and be strengthened in the future.
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Ndzeng, Nyangone Emmanuel. "South Africa's relations with Gabon and the Ivory Coast : 1969-1994 /." Link to the online version, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1138.
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Van, Roggen Trish. "A test of dependency theory: A case study of the Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Ottawa (Canada), 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/5409.
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Gouet, Wisel Alban. "Legal solutions to breaking the cycle of irresponsible borrowing in Ivory Coast." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/64645.
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Suaka, Yaro David. "An investigation into the causes and ramifications of political conflict in Ivory Coast." Thesis, Walter Sisulu University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/11260/d1007276.
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The purpose of this study was to investigate the causes and the ramifications of the political conflict in Ivory Coast from 2002 to 2009. A purposive sampling was used to select fourteen respondents. Qualitative methodology was used for the study. The data collection instruments were semi-structured interview questions, open-ended Semi-structured questionnaire and documentary analysis. The analysed data revealed that the causes of the conflict were: competition for scarce resources, bad governance, media incitement, xenophobia, incessant political power struggle and the proliferation of small fire arms entering the country. The effects experienced during the conflict were human rights violation, destruction of property including UN premises and displaced people both internally and externally. Some recommendations made include: Efforts should be made by the Government to strengthen good relationship among different ethnic groups and help them adapt to new challenges that confront democratic developments in the country. The Government should organise the South African style of Truth and Reconciliation Commission to revisit the horrors of the past in order to heal wounds and prevent future occurance of the conflict. Employment opportunities and other income generationg ventures for Ivorian should be created by the Government by attracting local and foreign investors. The numerous rebels should be given special skills training in other for them to be able to live among the communities in Ivory Coast. Government of national unity should be encouraged in situation like this. ECOWAS as well as AU should make sure that when disarmament instituted, it should be done properly. They should always monitor it and not to allow the arms to get into the country again. It is the hope of the researcher that this study makes a contribution towards the prevention of similar conflicts in Africa in the future.
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Mortimer, John. "Evolution of the early Proterozoic Toumodi Volcanic Group and associated rocks, Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Portsmouth, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.253738.
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Andrews, Ralph J. "Using cell groups to effectuate and sustain church growth in the Ivory Coast." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
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Newman, D. H. "Anthropogenic effects on the structure of dung beetle assemblages in cattle dung in Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Reading, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.433455.
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Akinwumi, Joseph Oluwole. "An analysis of the economic prospects of customs union between the Ivory Coast and Nigeria." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.395268.
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Edjoukou, Yessoh Gaudens Thecle [Verfasser]. "Renewable Energy Consumption and Sustainable Development Strategies in Ivory Coast (West Africa) / Yessoh Gaudens Thecle Edjoukou." München : GRIN Verlag, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1241118043/34.
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MacManus, Thomas. "State-corporate crime and civil society : impunity, resistance and the commodification of victimhood in Ivory Coast." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. http://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/statecorporate-crime-and-civil-society(bab993eb-766f-4cf4-a6c1-e2b2b04218cb).html.
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This thesis examines the specific criminogenic relationship between the state and corporation, and the state and civil society in the case of Trafigura’s dumping of toxic waste in Abidjan, Ivory Coast in August 2006. Research undertaken in London and Abidjan reveals that the impunity that was enjoyed by the Ivory Coast state and Trafigura for this state-corporate crime was underpinned by the power of the corporation and by failures of both domestic and international civil society organisations that might have been expected to have labelled and challenged the crimes. Moreover, the thesis reveals that in the case of this particular example of state-corporate crime, civil society as an agency of censure and sanction played a distinctly retrogressive role. Here, in fact, state crime facilitated organised crime’s insertion into civil society through a process I define as ‘the commodification of victimhood’ and, as a result, ensured that impunity was virtually guaranteed for corporation and government. The thesis also examines the failure of international and domestic legal measures to sanction the perpetrators. The thesis argues that a criminal state can act as a nexus for crimes by all three sectors of society, facilitating crime by actors in the state, the market and third spheres of society. Gramsci’s notion of civil society as an arena of struggle provides a theoretical framework to assist in understanding the complex relationships between civil society, the Ivorian state and Trafigura. The findings presented here suggest that scholars of state corporate crime should adopt a more cautionary approach to civil society’s capacity to label, censure and sanction than that suggested by Green and Ward (2004).
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Bamba, Abou. "Dubbing Modernization: The United States, France, and the Politics of Development in the Ivory Coast, 1946-1968." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2008. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/history_diss/18.
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I argue that competing visions of development guided the interventions of the United States and France in the West African country of Ivory Coast during the late colonial and early independence periods from 1946 through the 1960s. Indeed, the postwar arrival of American modernity provided an opportunity for nationalist leaders to triangulate the relationship between metropolitan France and colonial Ivory Coast. The ensuing politics of triangulation forced French colonial officials, diplomats, and development experts to “dub” modernization in order to bolster (neo)colonial ties between France and the Ivory Coast. By dubbing I mean the effort to translate and adapt for French purposes development concepts and techniques first elaborated in the United States. I explore these issues in case histories of the port of Abidjan, Kossou dam, and San Pedro development projects. I highlight the discursive as well as institutional frameworks that shaped the development of Ivory Coast. In the early twentieth century, French colonialism’s mission civilisatrice and mise en valeur posited that the colonizers were rational and productive, while the colonized were backward and incompetent to exploit their natural resources. After the Second World War, the ascendant American modernization paradigm added a new level of valuation to colonialism’s moral economy. It proposed a dynamic and progressive teleology in which the colonized could become modernized and actually “work by themselves” to reproduce hegemonic U.S. technological, economic, and political norms. Modernization was a civilizing project as well, but in contrast French (neo)colonialism now appeared static and paternalistic. French attempts to recuperate their position in the Ivory Coast deployed the epistemic memories of decades of work in the colony but ironically involved promoting forms of regional planning pioneered by the Tennessee Valley Authority. To reach these insights, I have used an interdisciplinary historical methodology that is multiarchival and multisited. My dissertation is based on research in numerous French and American archives as well as oral histories with French and American actors who participated in the (post)colonial development drive in the Ivory Coast.
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Bosteen, Lars Boe. "Processed food marketing in Ivory Coast, 1956-1990 : distribution techniques and foreign domination in a developing economy." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1993. http://etheses.lse.ac.uk/1349/.
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The thesis examines developments in the processed food trade through stores in Ivory Coast from 1956 to 1990. Quantitative and qualitative methods are applied to data drawn from a range of sources, notably government reports, company archives, fieldwork observation and store surveys. The performances of European operated stores are contrasted with those run by Lebanese and African traders by using an adapted interpretation of Hart's (1971) informal sector theory. The thesis examines the often negative views expressed on informal sector activities in the literature and points to previously ignored weaknesses of Western style distribution techniques. It is shown that foreign domination relates not so much to exploitation by Western countries as to the preponderance of Lebanese and foreign African traders. In addition the thesis examines the marketing strategies pursued by processed food importers and manufacturers: regional differences in distribution: the importance of price and brand to product success: and the effects of the media, western culture and economic conditions on consumption. These issues are related not only to the general framework but also to more specific theories and examined through case studies on stock cube and milk product distribution. The thesis concludes that virtually all traders influenced by Western techniques have failed because of inflexible operating methods, excessive overheads and miscalculations on store location and consumer outreach. The advantages to Lebanese and African traders of community networks and their knowledge of consumers have been greatly underestimated. Attempts by the state and private interests to stimulate processed food demand and increase Ivorian participation in distribution have largely foundered on a failure to acknowledge the contrasting fortunes of these two sectors. Finally, these conclusions are related to other sectors in the Ivorian economy and the issue of inappropriate technology in other developing economies.
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Andersen, Chinbuah Arturo Alfred. "The societal metabolism and resource curse of developing economies : a comparative study of Ghana and Ivory Coast." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2016. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/16901/.
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This thesis proposes a new analytical framework to analyse the relationship between material and energy use with indicators of well-being and economic growth in developing countries, conducted in the context of debates around the resource curse and development theories. By combining the societal metabolism approach with a historic and political context, this methodology explores the social metabolism and resource curse over time, relying on biophysical indicators of resource abundance. The analytical framework developed in this thesis identifies different aspects that have shaped the development trajectories of currently developing countries. It demonstrates that in order to understand present and future development paths of developing countries, a holistic approach that can combine different sets of data is needed, as it can inform about possibilities and tradeoffs of development pathways such as those envisioned by the Sustainable Development Goals. Therefore, the approach developed in this thesis provides the basis to carry out developmental research utilizing a metabolic approach in developing countries where data issues prevent societal metabolism research. In this thesis two case studies are presented to test the methodology, finding that: (1) socio-political stability plays an important role shaping the metabolism of an economy and avoiding the resource curse; (2) well-being can improve without growth in economic activity or resource consumption; (3) international governance has had major impacts shaping the present economic structure of the selected economies.
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Mahajan, Roli. "Exploring Maritime Border Disputes using the Issues Approach : Comparative analysis of Ghana-Ivory Coast and Kenya-Somalia." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445376.
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Maritime boundaries are man-made constructs which are critical to resources like oil and gas, fisheries as well as trade. Recently, these delimitations in the sea have also gained importance in the environmental discourse because the role of the sea has become scientifically more significant in the field of climate change. Drawing upon the disciplines of international law of the sea and political science, this study scrutinizes the causes that underpin the peaceful settlement of a maritime delimitation dispute between two states. This thesis delves into maritime border disputes in Africa. It aims to examine the question “why do some states resolve their marine border disputes while others do not” by opting for a qualitative approach to compare two cases: Ghana--Ivory Coast and Somalia--Kenya. It outlines how the governance of the sea through UNCLOS is important, differences as well as similarities between land and sea border issues, and then delves into wider political connotations that impact the resolution of maritime borders issues between countries. Using the issues framework, it tests the hypothesis: the more the number of security issues between two states, the less the likelihood of the resolution of maritime border issue between them.
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Biemi, Flinle Danielle. "Effectiveness of Mandated Folic Acid and Iron Fortification of Wheat Flour on Anemia in Children of Ivory Coast." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2013. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/nutrition_theses/44.
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Purpose: Anemia in children is a major Public Health problem in developing countries such as Ivory Coast. The fortification of wheat flour with iron and folic acid has been mandated in this country in 2007. To date, there are no studies conducted to assess the effectiveness of these fortification efforts. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine if mandated iron and folic acid fortification of wheat flour has reduced the prevalence of anemia in Ivory Coast children.
Methods: The study was conducted at the pediatric unit of the university hospital of Treichville, one of the 3 main hospitals of Abidjan, the largest city of Ivory Coast. The medical records of 467 children from 5 to 14 years old were analyzed. The period from January 1st 2004 to December 31st 2006 was considered as pre-fortification period and the period from January 1st 2008 to December 31st 2010 was regarded as the post-fortification period. Data for anemia, hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cell count, and MCV were compared between pre- and post-fortification periods.
Results: The results showed that there were no statistically significant difference in prevalence of anemia and mean hemoglobin, hematocrit, red blood cells, and MCV between pre and post-fortification periods.
Conclusion: The double fortification of wheat flour with folic acid and iron had no significant impact on anemia in Ivorian children. This is perhaps due to the fact that wheat flour is not widely consumed as rice and rice products are more popular in Ivory Coast population. The Ivorian government perhaps should focus efforts on the fortification of these products.
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Ofori-Attah, Hayford. "The cocoa industry in Ghana and the Ivory Coast : a comparative study of government agricultural policies and their impact." Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 1988. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=21229.
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The cocoa industry has been the economic pillar of Ghana and the Ivory Coast for over three-quarters of a century. Both countries have depended on the industry for the bulk of the wherewithal required for economic development. In Ghana, the industry has however, since the beginning of the 1970s, shown clear signs of decline in terms of output. Cocoa output in Ghana has slumped from 538,000 tonnes in 1965 to 175,000 tonnes in 1985. In the Ivory Coast, cocoa output has on the contrary, risen from 148,000 tonnes in 1965 to 565,000 tonnes in 1985. Ghana is currently trailing behind Ivory Coast and Brazil in cocoa beans production. The objective of the study has been to identify the causes of the decline and growth-of the cocoa industry in Ghana and the Ivory Coast respectively through an in-depth study of government agricultural policies. The rationale behind the comparative study is to bring out the strengths and weaknesses in the agricultural policies of the two countries so that Ghana can sift out the good policies that have aided the Ivory Coast cocoa industry to flourish and use them to revamp, its floundering cocoa industry. The study employs multiple regression, cost-benefit and domestic resource costs techniques to analyse government agricultural policies and to assess the relative profitability of cocoa production. The study has revealed that the major explanatory factor for the current state of the industry in both countries is the producer price policy of the governments of the two countries. While producer prices are not favourable in Ghana, they tend tobe relatively high in the Ivory Coast. The poor producer price policy of the government of Ghana has led to a shift of resources from the cocoa industry to other more lucrative ventures such as food-cropping and commerce. Other factors that have been discovered through the study to account for the decline of cocoa output in Ghana include inefficient marketing system, lack of farm inputs and poor implentation of cocoa rehabilitation projects. The results of the comparative advantage analysis suggest that there is the need for Ghana to embark on a policy of agricultural diversification. Besides cocoa, a cash crop whose development is worth encouraging by the government of Ghana is the oil palm. Based on the experience of the Ivory Coast, a number of recommendations have been suggested in the concluding chapter for adoption by the government of Ghana. These policy recommendations include a yearly upward adjustment of the cocoa producer price to a level that will leave the cocoa farmer with an appreciable profit margin, the privatization of the cocoa marketing board, a regular and an adequate supply of farm inputs and an efficient implementation of cocoa rehabilitation projects.
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Raphala, Mmapitsi Grateful. "A critique of the foreign policy of France towards Africa :case studies of Central African Republic and Ivory Coast, 2007-2014." Thesis, University of Limpopo, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/2010.
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Thesis (M. A. (International Politics)) --University of Limpopo, 2017Many Western and Central African countries were colonised by France from the early 17th century until the early 1960s. However, Africa has continued to be the private hunting ground for France in the post-independence period. This is because France still needs African resources, particularly its oil. In fact, Africa holds a strategic position for French foreign policy. Therefore, when France gave independence to its African colonies, it did not really mean it was completely disengaging from Africa. In essence, a package was imposed on Francophone African countries which tied them to the revitalised African states to preserve French colonial status. Moreover, France‟s heavy involvement in African countries has earned it a perception of being a police officer of the continent. Within this premise, due to protracted conflicts in French African countries, Francophone Africans bank their hope on France to assist in offering just and lasting solutions to the complex challenges facing their countries. This should be understood within the context that France maintained a significant colonial empire in the continent for almost a century and a half. Nevertheless, France attempts to uphold hegemonic foothold in Francophone Africa through political, economic and cultural connections while the security of Africans is threatened. With this in mind, this study critiques the French foreign policy towards Africa and it uses Ivory Coast and Central African Republic as case studies. These two countries are chosen given their recent conflicts and their assistance in critiquing the French position in African complex challenges. This study also adopted the use of document review and interviews to generate data.
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Kerekou, Hondo Séphora Claire. "Transfer of training and development practice from western countries MNCs to their subsidiaries in developing countries : the case of french and US MNCs in ivory cost." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69448.
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Cette thèse s'intéresse aux déterminants institutionnels et culturels du transfert de la pratique de formation et du développement des compétences des multinationales françaises et américaines vers leurs filiales en Côte d'Ivoire, un pays Africain en développement. La question fondamentale de recherche est : quels sont les facteurs institutionnels et culturels qui influencent le transfert de la pratique de formation et du développement des compétences des multinationales françaises et américaines vers leurs filiales en Côte d'Ivoire ? Afin de répondre à cette question, cette thèse est subdivisée en trois (03) articles. Le premier article met en évidence les initiatives visant à développer les compétences en Afrique subSaharienne, identifie les challenges qui leurs sont liées et propose des solutions idoines à leur amélioration. Le deuxième article examine les facteurs institutionnels du pays hôte qui influencent le transfert de la pratique de formation et de développement des compétences des multinationales françaises et américaines vers leurs filiales en Côte d'Ivoire. Le troisième article, quant à lui, examine l'influence de la distance culturelle entre les pays d'origine et hôte sur ce transfert.This thesis examines institutional and cultural determinants of training and development practice transfer to French and US MNCs' subsidiaries in Ivory Coast, a developing country of Africa. The fundamental research question is: 1) what institutional and cultural factors influence training and development practice transfer to French and US MNCs' subsidiaries in Ivory Coast? This thesis is divided into three (03) articles to answer this question. The first article highlights human capital development initiatives in Sub-Saharan Africa, identifies challenges related to them, and offers solutions for their improvement. The second article investigates the host country's institutional factors that influence training and development practice transfer to French and US MNCs' subsidiaries in Ivory Coast. The third article examines the influence of the cultural distance between home and host countries on such transfer.
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Calmeiro, Martim Rosa. "O desajustamento estrutural : casos da Costa do Marfim e do Senegal." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15258.
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Mestrado em Desenvolvimento e Cooperação InternacionalVistos como uma necessidade para correcções de desequilíbrios macro e microeconómicos, os programas de ajustamento estrutural definiram o pacote de políticas públicas, na esfera económica e financeira, a ser aplicada pela generalidade dos países na década de 1980. Tanto os países desenvolvidos como os países em desenvolvimento passaram por programas deste tipo, no entanto, e apesar de ser possível traçar um paralelo entre as ideias gerais dos programas, o grau das consequências foi diferente entre países. Numa altura marcada por algumas crises, o ambiente externo aliado ao carácter restritivo das políticas de ajustamento revelou-se crítico para algumas economias mais carenciadas. O trabalho está dividido em três partes, sendo a primeira dedicada à uma questão mais teórica do ajustamento, e as outras duas para o dois estudos de caso. Direccionados para uma abertura de mercado e altamente restritivos quanto à actuação do Estado, tentei analisar alguns dos programas desenhados para dois países da África Ocidental, assim como as suas consequências tanto a nível económico como social. Através da análise de textos, documentos e outros trabalhos, foi possível entender como foram as economias dos dois países afectadas e quais as consequências sociais devastadoras que tiveram - ainda mais junto das classes baixas. É precisamente isso que busco, demonstrar que a economia não é algo unidimensional, que a esfera social é demasiado importante para ser descartada e deve ser tida em conta em primeiro lugar quando se desenha qualquer plano ou política pública.
Seen as a necessity to correct micro and macroeconomic imbalances, structural adjustment programs defined the package of public policies to be applied in the majority of countries, during the decade of 1980. These were applied both in developed countries and developing countries, with differences being found in terms of consequences, even though there are some general guidelines that can be traced between them. In a time marked by some acute crisis, the external environment and restrictive character of adjustment policies revealed to be critic to some of the «most needed» economies. The present work is divided in three parts, being the first one dedicated to a more theoretical question of the adjustment and the last two are case studies. Directed at an idea of an open-market and highly restrictive about the action of the State, I tried to analyze some of the programs that were designed for both Western African countries, as well as their consequences at the economic and social level. Through the analysis of texts, documents and other academic works, it was possible to understand how were the economies of the two countries negatively affected in the short term by the programs - even more to the lower classes. This is precisely what I'm searching for: to show that economy is not something unidimensional, that the social sphere is too important to be discarded and must be taken into consideration at the moment of the design of any plan, program or public policy.
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Miller, Victoria Lynn. "An Examination of Contemporary Marketing Practices Used by Organization with Different Culture Types: A Test of the Convergence Theory in the US and Cote d'Ivoire." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2005. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/marketing_diss/2.
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A framework for a strategy fit with national and organizational culture holds several implications for multinational business managers. First, culture is a critical variable in the strategy process and it should be explicitly examined as a part of the process. Second, culture might encourage and support organizationally a particular business level strategy and may affect marketing practices. This approach views transactional and relational practices as part of a continuum. This study has examined over 250 firms in the United States and the Cote d’Ivoire on the dimensions of their organizational culture, national culture and contemporary marketing practices. In essence, this is a test of the convergence theory versus cultural specificity debate. The study first establishes a model in the US of the relationship between organizational culture and contemporary marketing practices and then tests it in Cote d’Ivoire. Lisrel is used to examine the goodness of the fit of the model. Results indicate that differences in national cultures call for differences in marketing practices since the US model does not fit in Cote d’Ivoire. The differences between the two models and implications for a new Ivorian model are discussed.
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Widmark, Annica. "The success of Amah - Communicating AIDS prevention through entertainment-education." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för konst, kultur och kommunikation (K3), 2002. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-23063.
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Lapuente, Juan M. [Verfasser], Karl Eduard [Gutachter] Linsenmair, and Thurston Cleveland [Gutachter] Hicks. "The Chimpanzees of the Comoé National Park, Ivory Coast. Status, distribution, ecology and behavior / Juan M. Lapuente ; Gutachter: Karl Eduard Linsenmair, Thurston Cleveland Hicks." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1227189915/34.
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Ouedraogo, Moussa. "Caractérisation des aquifères de socle pour l'amélioration de la productivité des forages d'hydraulique villageoise dans le bassin versant du Bandama blanc amont (Nord de la Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS442/document.
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Le bassin versant du Bandama blanc amont, au nord de la Côte d’Ivoire, est situé sur un socle fissuré, composé de granites et de schistes, et constitue un aquifère pérenne pour l’approvisionnement en eau des populations. Cet aquifère de type fissuré est mal connu, tant dans la géométrie des réservoirs que dans le potentiel hydrogéologique des réserves qu’il contient. La précarité des populations rurales est en partie liée au manque d’eau potable ainsi qu’au nombre encore insuffisant des points d’approvisionnement. Un nombre important d’échecs a été observé lors de la réalisation des ouvrages de captages des eaux souterraines, dont l'une des causes est une faible connaissance du fonctionnement du milieu. Cette étude consiste à améliorer les connaissances sur le fonctionnement hydrodynamique des réservoirs du socle fissuré (géométrie des aquifères, paramètres hydrodynamiques, recharge, disponibilité de la ressource) en vue de l’installation d’ouvrages de captage.L’approche méthodologique multidisciplinaire intègre des méthodes d’hydrogéophysique, d’hydrogéologie, de géologie et de chimie. Il s’agit de développer de nouvelles techniques et outils appropriés de prospection pour affiner la caractérisation du socle fissuré, afin de mieux contraindre l'exploitation des sites, notamment en termes de stabilité des débits prélevés.Pour étudier l’aquifère de socle du bassin versant du Bandana blanc amont, nous avons couplé des mesures électromagnétiques aux données lithologiques pour affiner la géométrie de l'aquifère et de mieux contraindre le choix pour les futurs localisations des forages. Cette étude présente donc une nouvelle approche hydrogéophysique pour améliorer la connaissance des ressources importantes dans un aquifère de socle, à l’échelle locale ou régionale, par l'utilisation du système électromagnétique multifréquentiel PROMIS. L'interprétation des résultats a conduit à proposer des modèles multicouches conformes à la structuration lithologique et discontinuités géologiques en place, et à la localisation de l'aquifère, sa géométrie et les interfaces de sa base et du toit.Cette méthode est efficace pour améliorer la caractérisation de l’aquifère de socle, et les résultats ont révélé une bonne concordance entre les sondages (1D), la section de résistivité (2D), les forages et les structures géologiques.La géométrie de l’aquifère présente une structure multicouche présentant de haut en bas de la cuirasse ferrugineuse, des arènes argileuses, une zone fissurée reposant sur un substratum rocheux. Nous sommes en présence d’une nappe captive, sous pression sous les argiles, contenue dans les arènes et la frange fissurée, et présentant une épaisseur variable entre 15 et 30 m. Une connaissance détaillée de la géométrie de l'aquifère locale constitue la première étape cruciale avant d'aller plus loin dans une étude hydrogéologique complèteThe upstream watershed of White Bandama, north of Ivory Coast, is located on a fissured hard-rock, composed of granites and schists, and is a perennial aquifer for populations’ water supply. The upstream watershed of White Bandama, northern Ivory Coast, is located on a hard-rock aquifer which geometry and potential as an hydrogeological reserve is not yet well characterized. Insecurity of rural populations is partly due to lack of drinking water as well as still inadequate number of water supply points. A significant number of failures was observed when performing wells and boreholes for groundwater, one of the causes is a weak scientific knowledge on the environment.This study is to improve knowledge on the hydrodynamic behavior of the hard rock reservoir (geometry of aquifers, hydrodynamic parameters, recharge, availability of the resource) in order to drill perennial boreholes.The multidisciplinary methodological approach integrates hydrogeophysics, hydrogeology, geology, chemistry methods. It is to develop new techniques and appropriate exploration tools to refine the characterization of fissured hard-rock to better constrain the operation of sites, especially in terms of stability of pomped yield.To study the hard-rock aquifer of upstream watershed of White Bandama, we coupled electromagnetic measurements to lithological data to refine the geometry of the aquifer and to better constrain the choice for future drilling locations. This study presents a new hydrogeophysical approach using the multifrequency electromagnetic device PROMIS® to improve knowledge of resources on hard-rock aquifer, at the local or regional level.Our geophysical data are interpreted with multi-layer models consistent with the discontinuities observed in lithology logs and the geology of the site. This method is effecient to improve the characterization of the hard-rock aquifer, and the results showed good agreement between the soundings (1D), the resistivity cross-section (2D), drillings and geological structures.Results allow to precise the local thicknesses of the 3 main units of our study area down to 50 m, being from top to down, saprolite, a fissured-rock zone and the rock substratum. The fissured-rock zone constitutes the main aquifer unit under pressure, interesting target for productive water wells. Its thickness ranges from 15 to 30 m. A detailed knowledge of the local aquifer geometry constitutes the first and crucial step before going further into a complete hydrogeological study
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Vadászová, Petra. "Bezpečnostne politické vzťahy Francúzskej Republiky a Pobrežia Slonoviny." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-165348.
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The aim of this thesis is to explain and analyze the komplexity of complicated relations between France as a former colonial power and Ivory Coast, its former colony, who also represents a strategic french political and economical partner. Theoretical part consists of the analysis of different approaches in theories of international relations. Based on the analysis, it tries to explain the character of these relations. Followed by the consecutive theoretical analysis of the french african policy practice of the french presidents and searches for the features that these policies have in common. Practical part applies the findings from the theoretical part on the concrete problem in the case of the French policy towards Ivory Coast and tests the theoretical conclusions in the historical evolution of the french and ivorian relations in the specific unstable situation that occurs in the Sub-Saharan region.
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Tessmann, Jannes [Verfasser], and Martina [Gutachter] Fuchs. "The Embeddedness of Global Value Chains - Institutions and Value Chain Restructuring in the Cashew Industries of India and Ivory Coast / Jannes Tessmann ; Gutachter: Martina Fuchs." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2020. http://d-nb.info/121822973X/34.
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Gadou, Henri. "Autour de quelques processus phonologiques et syntaxiques du Yowlè: langue Mande-Sud de Cote d’Ivoire." Universität Leipzig, 2007. https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A33613.
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Le présent volume propose, en quatre articles, l’analyse de quelques aspects du yowlè, langue mandé-sud parlée au centre-ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire.
'La nasalité en yowlè', 'Le quantitatif et le qualitatif dans quelques opérations de détermination nominale en yowlè', 'Le ton haut comme opérateur de rupture énonciative en yowlè', 'Quelques aspects de la diathèse passive en yowlè'
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Bello, Madina. "Médiation et résolution des conflits armés : le cas du conflit ivoirien (1999 - 2007)." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTD002.
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La Côte d’Ivoire, pays d’Afrique de l’Ouest prospère et stable depuis le début de l’indépendance de 1960, bascule dans une longue et douloureuse guerre, le 24 décembre 1999, à la suite d’une mutinerie de soldats. S’en suit alors un intense ballet diplomatique visant à rétablir la paix et la Côte d’Ivoire assiste alors à plusieurs tentatives de médiation internationale. Cette recherche vise à comprendre la notion de succès en médiation en proposant de modéliser le conflit ivoirien à partir d’un modèle de la théorie des jeux, celui du dilemme du prisonnierOften cited as a model of peace and stability, Ivory Coast, a West African economic powerhouse, was embroiled in a civil war in September 2002 that disrupted the institutional order. During this time, the country was divided into the Southern and Northern zones. The former, a coastal area, is referred to as the "Governmental Zone". The Northern is the area that was captured in September 2002, by a few thousand army mutineers. Between the two North and South divide lies the buffer zone called the Zone de confiance, which served as a military buffer zone between the North and the South. How did the division occur? How did the several mediation work? Could we ensure that the signing of a peace agreement guaranteed a mediation success?
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Müller, Marcela dos Santos. "Classificação climática segundo Köppen e Thornthwaite e zoneamento agrícola das culturas de milho e soja na União Econômica e Monetária do Oeste Africano." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-22092015-150211/.
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A União Econômica e Monetária do Oeste Africano (UEMOA) é uma organização de integração regional constituída por oito países da África Ocidental: Benim, Burkina Faso, Costa do Marfim, Guiné Bissau, Mali, Níger, Senegal e Togo. O presente trabalho tem por objetivos realizar: (a) a classificação climática segundo Köppen (1900) e Thornthwaite (1948), e (b) o zoneamento agrícola das culturas de milho e soja na região da UEMOA com base nos valores de (i) produtividade potencial (dióxido de carbono, temperatura, radiação fotossinteticamente ativa, fotoperíodo e genótipo), (ii) produtividade atingível, com elevado uso de insumos e tecnologia e (iii) produtividade real. A classificação climática de acordo com ambos os autores caracterizou a maior parte do território formado pela UEMOA como árido e em relação ao zoneamento agrícola, tem-se que a região da UEMOA é altamente indicada para o cultivo de milho e de soja, contudo, os valores médios de produtividade real referentes a esses cultivos são inferiores aos valores da produtividade atingível, indicando que o principal problema na região é o baixo nível de adoção tecnológica.The West African Economic and Monetary Union (also known as UEMOA from its name in french: Union Économique et Monétaire Ouest-Africaine) is an organization of eight West African countries: Benin, Burkina Faso, Ivory Coast, Guinea-Bissau, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo. The following study has as main objectives: (a) climate classification by Köppen e Thornthwaite; and (b) agricultural zoning for maize and soybean in the UEMOA region based on (i) potencial yield (carbon dioxide, temperature, photosyntheticaly active radiation, photoperiod and genotype), (ii) attainable yield, under high inputs and technological adoption and (iii) actual yield. Climate classification according to both authors characterized most of the territory formed by UEMOA as arid and regarding to agricultural zoning, UEMOA region is highly suitable for growing maize and soybeans, however, average values of actual yield in relation to these crops are lower than those of attainable yield, indicating that the main problem in this region is the low level of technological adoption.
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Sköndal, Ylva. "Inclusion, influence and increased durability of peace : Civil society organizations in peace negotiations." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-353734.
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This thesis aims to investigate why inclusion of civil society actors in peace processes leads to more durable peace in some cases while not in others. It argues that the influence, rather than inclusion, of civil society organizations (CSOs) explains this variation. It is hypothesized that when CSOs have influence in peace negotiations, peace is more likely to be durable, as well as when a wide range of CSOs have influence in peace negotiations, peace is more likely to be durable. This is explored through a structured focused comparison between the peace processes leading up to peace agreements in Sierra Leone in 1996, the DRC in 2002, the Ivory Coast in 2003 and Liberia in 2003. The empirical findings lend support to the hypotheses and point in the direction of influence of CSOs in peace processes being of importance for the durability of peace. Certain evidence suggesting legitimacy being the causal mechanism is found. However, the empirical analysis also points towards other factors being potential alternative explanations such as war fatigue and sequencing of the process. The suggestive findings and the potential alternative explanations should be investigated further in order to increase the chances of durable peace.
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Kassi, Kondo. "Diversité génétique et sensibilité aux antifongiques d’isolats cliniques et environnementaux de Cryptococcus à Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONT3521/document.
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La cryptococcose neuroméningée (CNM) est la seconde infection opportuniste chez les patients infectés par le VIH. Il s’agit de la 4ème cause de décès dus aux maladies infectieuses en Afrique avec une mortalité annuelle de 600.000 cas. Les levures responsables appartiennent au complexe d’espèces Cryptococcus neoformans / C. gattii. Notre étude décrit, l’épidémiologie et la résistance aux antifongiques de souches environnementales et cliniques de cryptocoques en Côte d’Ivoire. Les isolats sont issus d’une file active de 1750 PVVIH et de 667 prélèvements réalisés dans l’environnement de vie des patients. Nous démontrons une grande diversité génotypique au sein de notre cohorte, la présence de plusieurs espèces de cryptocoques dans un seul prélèvement chez un même patient ainsi que dans des prélèvements issus de suivi de patients, ce qui n’avait jamais été démontré en Afrique de l’Ouest. Nous avons constaté que la récurrence de la CNM est due à des infections multiples par des souches différentes au cours du temps. Nos résultats décrivent également pour la première fois, l’isolement de cryptocoques à partir de fientes de pigeons à Abidjan. Et nous constatons que les génotypes des isolats environnementaux et cliniques sont très différents, ce qui exclut les fientes de pigeons comme source de contamination des patients dans notre échantillon. Enfin, la majorité des isolats est sensible aux antifongiques de référence mais un patient peut être contaminé par des isolats de sensibilité différenteCryptococcal meningitis (CM) is the second opportunistic infection in HIV infected patients. It is the fourth cause of death due to infectious diseases in Africa with an annual mortality of 600,000. The yeasts responsible belong to the C. neoformans / Cryptococcus gattii species complex. Our study describes epidemiology and resistance to antifungal of environmental and clinical strains of Cryptococcus in Ivory Coast. The isolates are from an active list of 1,750 patients VIH positive and 667 samples taken in the living environment of patients. We demonstrate a high genotypic diversity within our cohort and the presence of several species of Cryptococcus in one sample from the same patient as well as in samples from patients follow up, which had never been shown in West Africa. We found that the recurrent cryptococcosis is caused by multiple infections by different strains over time. Our results describe also, for the first time, the isolation of Cryptococcus from pigeon droppings from Abidjan. And we notice that, as the genotypes of environmental and clinical isolates are very different, that excludes contamination of patients by pigeon droppings. Finally, most of the isolates were susceptible to reference antifungal but a patient might be contaminated by isolates with different susceptibility
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Dagnogo, Foussata. "Rail-route et dynamiques spatiales en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA010517.
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Comme dans les autres pays ouest africains, les transports en Côte d'Ivoire ont connu un programme d'ajustement qui a notamment conduit à la dérégulation du secteur. Les conséquences de cette politique furent, entre autres, la libéralisation du transport routier et la privatisation du chemin de fer «Abidjan-Niger ». Malgré ces réformes, les infrastructures de transport sont dégradées et les services restent très inégaux. C'est dans ce contexte que se pose aujourd'hui la question du rôle du corridor rail/route ivoiro-burkinabé en Côte d'Ivoire. Ce corridor de transport qui relie le port d'Abidjan à Ouagadougou au Burkina Faso ne participe-t-il pas davantage au désenclavement des pays limitrophes qu'à celui des territoires ivoiriens? L'analyse des circulations au niveau de l'axe montre deux faits. D'une part, il se présente comme un axe majeur qui participe à la structuration des territoires traversés comme à Bouaké ou à Ouangolodougou, et d'autre part, il apparaît comme un axe qui produit de l'enclavement comme par exemple pour les localités de Loho, Boli, Raviart ou Céchi qui, bien que situées sur le chemin de fer, restent difficiles d'accès. Ces deux phénomènes révèlent le rôle ambivalent du corridor et amène à relativiser son importance dans la structuration du territoire national ivoirienLike in other West African countries, transportation in Ivory Coast has gone through a structural adjustment program which has led to the deregulation of the industry. Among others, the consequences of this policy have been both the liberalization of road transports and the privatization of the "Abidjan-Niger" railway. Following these reforms, transport infrastructures are scratched and services remain unequal. ln this nowadays context, the issue of the function of the Ivory Coast-Burkina Faso railway/road corridor in Ivory Coast can be considered. Does this corridor which links the Abidjan harbor to Ouagadougou, in Burkina Faso, participate more to the opening up of the adjacent countries or to Ivorian territories? The analysis of the circulations on the corridor highlights two major elements. On the one hand, it appears as a major axis which participates to the setting-up of the territories it goes through, such as Bouaké or Ouangolodougou. On the other hand, it appears as an axis which generates inaccessibility such as regarding Loho, Boli, Raviart or Céchi, which, despite located along the railway, remain difficult to reach. The two phenomena show the ambivalent role of the corridor and lead to consider with relativeness its importance in the Ivorian national territory structuration
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Zoungrana, Paul Edith. "Mécanismes et enjeux de la différenciation sociale des immigrés burkinabe dans la construction d’une citoyenneté en côte d’ivoire. : Cas des habitants du village de Koudougou." Thesis, Perpignan, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PERP0001.
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Ce travail de recherche s’inscrit dans une étude portant sur l’histoire des migrations en Afrique de l’ouest. De l’axe Burkina Faso /Côte d’ivoire et plus particulièrement des mécanismes d’intégration et de construction de la citoyenneté des immigrés vivant en zone rurale ivoirienne. La Côte d’Ivoire, terre historique de migrations diverses, jouissant d’une stabilité politique et socio-économique remarquablement apprécié, dans toute la sous région Ouest Africaine, a connue ces dernières années une succession de crises sociopolitique, qui a créer une fracture entre ses habitants vivant jadis en harmonie. Cette situation est liée pour beaucoup à la différenciation sociale et à l’exclusion d’une partie de sa population d’origine étrangère. Cette population d’étude, caractérisée par les immigrés burkinabés du village de Koudougou dans le centre ouest de la Côte d’Ivoire, nous orienteras dans notre recherche à travers la compréhension de leur trajectoire de migration, la différenciation sociale dont ils sont victimes dans leur lieu de sédentarisation et les mécanismes qu’ils mettent en place pour construire leur citoyenneté, en contournant les restrictions mis en place par la communauté d’accueilThis research is part of a study of the history of migration in West Africa. The axis Burkina Faso / Ivory Coast and especially the mechanisms of integration and building the citizenship of immigrants in Ivorian rural areas. Ivory Coast, historic land of various migrations, enjoying political stability and socio-economic remarkably popular, throughout the West African sub-region has experienced in recent years a succession of socio-political crises, which create a divide between its people once living in harmony. This situation is linked to many social differentiation and exclusion of part of its foreign population. This study population, characterized by the Burkinabe immigrants from the village of Koudougou in west central of Ivory Coast, will direct us in our search through the understanding of their migration path, social differentiation against them in their place of settlement and the mechanisms they put in place to build their citizenship, bypassing the restrictions put in place by the host community
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Sanial, Elsa. "A la recherche de l'ombre, géographie des systèmes agroforestiers émergents en cacaoculture ivoirienne post-forestière." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3058.
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En Côte d'Ivoire, où 40% du cacao mondial est produit, la majeure partie des forêts a été convertie en plantations de cacao. Après un siècle d'expansion, cette culture et ses producteurs font face à une nouvelle situation environnementale qualifiée ici de "post-forestière". D'une part, la couverture forestière a presque entièrement disparu avec la progression des fronts pionniers cacaoyers ; d'autre part, les monocultures, caractérisant 90% du verger cacaoyer ivoirien au début du XXIème siècle, semblent aujourd'hui atteindre leurs limites (attaques de parasites, réduction de la durée de vie productive) ; enfin les évolutions climatiques récentes sont moins favorables à cette culture (Bigot et al., 2005). La conjonction de ces différents éléments conduit à un "blocage structurel" (Léonard et Oswald, 1996) de la cacaoculture. Dans l'histoire de la cacaoculture, un autre pays ou une autre région prennent le relais de la région en crise (Ruf, 1995). Ce doctorat étudie ainsi les stratégies d'adaptation, notamment agroforestières, des producteurs de cacao et dresse le tableau d'une bifurcation post-forestière possible au modèle universel d'alternance entre booms et crises cacaoyères. Il est basé sur des inventaires botaniques en plantation de cacao, des entretiens avec les producteurs, une cartographie multichronique d'usage des sols et deux monographies. Les pratiques agroforestières des producteurs sont ainsi étudiées à la croisée de données environnementales et socio-économiques sur quatre sites représentatifs des différents stades de progression de la cacaoculture (à savoir d'Est en Ouest : Akoupé, Divo, Guéyo et Méagui). Les principaux résultats sont les suivants : 1. Les plantations de cacao étudiées sont très diverses allant de systèmes proches de la monoculture jusqu'aux agroforêts denses et pluri-stratifiées. Dans l'échantillon étudié, 22% des 137 parcelles étudiées présentent des caractéristiques agroforestières. 2. Les contributions environnementales évaluées (biodiversité, stockage de carbone, bois d'oeuvre, usages alimentaires, usages médicinaux et contributions agronomiques pour les cacaoyers) sont généralement différentes de celles d'un écosystème forestier. Il apparaît toutefois que la gestion de l'origine des arbres (rémanent, recrû spontané ou planté) par les producteurs modèle la capacité de ces systèmes à fournir différentes contributions environnementales. 3. Depuis une décennie, une tendance à la densification et la diversification des arbres associés se dessine dans les parcelles de cacao. En confrontant discours et pratiques des producteurs, il apparaît que 67% d'entre eux ont une attitude favorable aux arbres associés. 4. Les stratégies "post-forestières" des producteurs sont diverses, de l'abandon de la cacaoculture au recours aux intrants chimiques ou à l'intensification écologique ; elles incluent une variété de systèmes agroforestiers et témoignent d'une vélléité de poursuivre la cacaoculture dans des conditions post-forestières. 5. La mise en place de stratégies agroforestières apparaît comme une réponse à une situation de précarité foncière, à l'échelle du ménage et du finage. 6. Enfin, ces évolutions de la cacaoculture font émerger de nouvelles ressources. Des conflits de gouvernance autour de leur appropriation aux échelles locales, régionales et nationale restent le principal obstacle à l'adoption et au succès de stratégies agroforestières. A travers une approche transdisciplinaire, ce doctorat de géographie, à l’interface nature-sociétés, illustre les relations particulières qui se tissent entre producteurs de cacao et environnement post-forestierIn Ivory Coast, where 40% of world cocoa beans are produced, most forests have been converted into cocoa plantations. After a century of expansion, this crop and its producers are facing with a new environmental situation, here called « post-forest conditions ». Firstly, forest cover has almost completely disappeared ; secondly, monocultures are showing their limits (pests attacks, productive lifelenght shortened) ; and finally recent climatic evolutions are less suitable to this crop (Bigot et al., 2005). The conjunction of these different elements has led to a « structural blockage » (Leonard and Oswald, 1996). In cocoa history, when such situation occurs another country or region would take over the area in crisis for cocoa production (Ruf, 1995). This PhD studies adaptation strategies, especially agroforestry ones, of cocoa farmers and depicts a possible bifurcation from the universal boom and busts model. It is based on botanic inventories, farmers interviews, multichronic land use maps (1956-2017) and two monographies. Farmers agroforestry practices are analysed at environmental and socio-political data crossroads on four sites representative of different stages of cocoa history (from East to West : Akoupé, Divo, Guéyo and Méagui). Main results are the following : 1.Studied cocoa plantations are very diverse from systems close to monocropping to dense and multi-stratified agroforests. In the sample studied, 22 % of the 137 studied plots have agroforestry caracteristics. 2.The assessed environmental contributions (biodiversity, aboveground carbon stocks, timber, food use, medicinal use and agronomic contributions to cocoa trees) differ from forest ones. However, farmers management of trees origins (remnant, recruited or planted) shapes agroforests capacity to provide these contributions. 3.Since a decade, there is a trend of densification and diversification of associated trees in cocoa plots. Through the comparison between speeches and practices one can consider that 67% of farmers have an attitude favorable to associated trees. 4.Farmers « post-forest » strategies are diverse, from abandoning cocoa to chemical inputs use or ecological intensification, they include several agroforestry systems and are witnesses of a general will to maintain cocoa production activities in post-forest conditions. 5.Adopting agroforestry strategies appears as an answer to land scarcity situation at household and village scale. 6.Finally, these evolutions of cocoa growing open the needs for new ressources. Governance conflicts about these ressources appropriation at local, regional and national scale are the main obstacle to agroforestry adoption and success. Through a transdisciplinary approach, this geography PhD illustrates the relationships that bounds cocoa producers and post-forest environment
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Stevense, Johannes. "The Effects of Resource Endowments on Transnational Rebel Recruitment." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för freds- och konfliktforskning, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-443729.
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While transnational rebellion and rebel recruitment have received much attention in previous literature, the combination of the two, transnational rebel recruitment, has been relatively understudied. This study aims to cover this research gap by further developing Jeremy Weinstein’s theory on resource endowments to test their effect on transnational rebel recruitment. It seeks to answer the research question: “How do resource endowments impact transnational rebel recruitment?”. A distinction will be made between domestic and transnational rebel groups to test the theoretical argument. It will be argued that rebel groups can have a variation in their economic and social endowments, which both have a domestic an transnational variant. The main hypothesis reads: transnational rebel groups that have much transnational resource endowments are more likely to recruit transnationally. This study will employ a structured focused comparison on strategically picked cases using Mill’s method of difference. The selected cases that will be compared are the transnational rebel group NPFL in Liberia (1989-1995) and the domestic rebel group NRA in Uganda (1981-1986). This study finds support for the theory and the main hypothesis.
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Diby, Kouassi Yoyo. "RECONSTRUIRE LA COTE D’IVOIRE : LE REDÉPLOIEMENT DE L’ADMINISTRATION ET LE RÉAMÉNAGEMENT DU TERRITOIRE EN CONTEXTE POST-CONFLICTUEL." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30070.
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Après près d'une décennie de crise, l'heure est actuellement à la reconstruction en côte d'ivoire. Et au cœur de ce processus de stabilisation, deux enjeux se distinguent : la viabilité actuelle et future de l’État ivoirien dans la gestion post-conflictuelle de sa crise ainsi que les suivis de deux processus primordiaux pour apprécier la régénérescence de ce pays, à savoir le redéploiement de l'administration et le réaménagement du territoire. En effet, l’État ivoirien est-il à même d'être le maître d’œuvre de sa restructuration ? Le redéploiement de l'administration, maintes fois annoncé, sera-t-il effectif et permettra t-il au pouvoir central de recouvrir son emprise sur l'ensemble du territoire ? est-il possible de faire coïncider les anciens programmes d'aménagement avec les nouveaux enjeux résultant du conflit ivoirien ? l’État ivoirien procèdera t-il à une refonte de sa politique d'aménagement ? Cette dernière, si elle a lieu, contribuera t-elle à une meilleure répartition des ressources et au bien-être général des populations ? Mais aussi, l’État ivoirien envisagera t-il le réaménagement de son territoire avec une vision sous-régionale ou non ? Autant d'interrogations que cette étude a le mérite d'aborder et d'approfondir. De plus, en analysant la sortie de crise ivoirienne sous cet angle, ce travail revisite l'Histoire de ce pays, de sa création à sa reconstruction actuelle, en passant, bien évidemment par sa période de déstabilisation. En outre, cette analyse constitue une avancée pour la gestion des crises en Afrique subsaharienne, la confrontant aux aspects sociologique, psychologique et surtout géographique du sujetAfter almost a decade of crisis, time is up for reconstruction in Ivory Coast. And at the heart of this process of stabilization, two stakes distinguish themselves: the current and future viability of the Ivorian State in a post-conflicting management of its crisis as well as the follow-ups of two essential processes to appreciate the re-building of this country, namely the redeployment of Administration and the refitting of the territory. Indeed, Is the Ivorian State to be the master of work of its restructuring? The redeployment of Administration, many times announced, will it be genuine and will it allow central power to spread its influence on the whole territory? Is it possible to accommodate former programs of development with new stakes? Will Ivory Coast proceed to a revision of its strategy of development? Is the strategies adopted in favor of a better distribution of resources and a general welfare of populations? Another aspect, will Ivory Coast plan its territorial reorganization with a sub-regional vision or not? Such a lot of questions this study has the merit to explore and to deepen. Furthermore, by analyzing this re-building of Ivory Coast, we are revisiting the History of this country, through its creation, its building, its crises and destabilizations and the current reconstruction. Finally, this analysis constitutes an advance in the area of crisis management in Sub-Saharan Africa, facing sociological, psychological and especially geographical aspects of the issue
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Tian, Roger Bi Diangoné. "Sources environnementales de Mycobacterium ulcerans en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM5040.
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L’ulcère de Buruli est la troisième mycobactériose la plus prévalente dans le monde après la tuberculose et la lèpre. L’ulcère de Buruli sévit dans au moins 33 pays dont l’Afrique de l’Ouest qui présente la prévalence la plus élevée. Parmi ces pays dans lesquels l’ulcère de Buruli est rapporté, la Côte d’Ivoire dont nous sommes originaires présente la plus forte incidence de 36% déclarée à l’Organisation Mondiale de la Santé. L’ulcère de Buruli est causé par Mycobacterium ulcerans, une mycobactérie environnementale dont le réservoir et les sources de transmission à l’homme, ne sont pas élucidés. Notre revue de la littérature a porté sur les sources environnementales de cette mycobactérie en Afrique de l’Ouest. Sur cette base, nous avons réalisé une vaste campagne de prélèvements d’échantillons environnementaux en Côte d’Ivoire et détecté par PCR en temps réel M. ulcerans dans l’eau stagnante, le sol et les selles d’un mammifère herbivore Thryonomys swinderianus. Ensuite, nous avons prouvé expérimentalement que M. ulcerans pouvait survivre dans le sol pendant au moins quatre mois et que le sol était source d’infection expérimentale par M. ulcerans dans un modèle animal. Ces résultats suggèrent que, en Côte d’Ivoire, l’eau stagnante, le sol et cet animal pourraient jouer un rôle dans le cycle de vie de la bactérie. Dans le second travail, nous avons valorisé des plantes tropicales aquatiques par l’utilisation de leurs extraits dans le milieu de culture de M. ulcerans, mycobactérie à croissance lente pour accélérer sa croissance. Dans le troisième travail, nous avons montré l’efficacité in vitro et dans un modèle animal, du bleu de méthylène contre M. ulceransBuruli ulcer is the third mycobacteriosis in the world after tuberculosis, leprosy. Buruli ulcer is widespread in at least 33 countries including West Africa which has the highest prevalence. Among the countries in which Buruli ulcer is reported, Ivory Coast which we come from has the highest incidence of 36% reported in the World Health Organization. Buruli ulcer is caused by Mycobacterium ulcerans, an environmental mycobacterium whose reservoir and source of transmission to humans, are not understood. Our review of the literature focused on environmental sources of this mycobacterium in West Africa, which converge stagnant aquatic environment. On this basis, we conducted an extensive campaign of environmental sampling in Ivory Coast and detected by real-time PCR M. ulcerans in stagnant water, soil and feces of an herbivorous mammal Thryonomys swinderianus. Then we experimentally proved that M. ulcerans could survive in the soil for at least four months. These results suggest that, in Ivory Coast, stagnant water, soil and animal could play a role in the life cycle of the bacterium. In the second work, we have upgraded aquatic tropical plants by the use of extracts in the culture medium of M. ulcerans, slow growing mycobacteria to accelerate its growth. In the third work, we proposed the methylene blue, less expensive, easy to access as an alternative treatment for Buruli ulcer. It is appropriate to resume the experiment on methylene blue by other teams of researchers and after reproducing our experimental data, suggest the topical use of purified, non-toxic methylene blue in human clinical
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Gouedji, Gnamba Emmanuel. "Les séquences mafiques-ultramafiques de Samapleu et leur minéralisation en Ni-Cu-EGP : un dyke éburnéen (2,09 Ga) du complexe lité Yacouba (domaine archéen de Man - Côte d'Ivoire)." Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2051.
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Le complexe mafique–ultramafique lité Yacouba est intrusif au sein des granulites gneissiques du domaine archéen de Man (3,6-2,78 Ga) dans la région de Biankouma-Sipilou (ouest de la Côte d'Ivoire). Dans le secteur de Samapleu, il est composé de trois entités ; dépôt principal de Samapleu (SM), l’Extension 1 de Samapleu (E1) et l’occurrence de Yorodougou (Yo). Il comprend des horizons de webstérites, péridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites. Ces horizons (épaisseur cumulée de 80 à 200 m) sont inclinés de 70 à 80° vers le SE ; présentent une zonation concentrique, qui sont autant de caractéristiques d’un dyke ; un enracinement à plus de 600 m à partir de la surface avec une jonction des intrusions (SM, E1) plus en profondeur. Les contacts avec l’encaissant gneissique (localement site E1) sont marqués par une zone hybride (condition P = 7,5±1Kbar et T = 850°C ± 100°C) interprétées comme le résultat d'un métamorphisme de contact lors de la mise en place de l’intrusion en base de croûte à environ 22 km de profondeur. Les gneiss et granulites du socle, tout comme les faciès de la zone hybride, préservent des âges archéens (~2,78 Ga, U-Pb sur zircon). Des cristaux de rutile observés dans la zone hybride révèlent un âge U-Pb de 2,09 Ga interprété comme l'âge du métamorphisme de contact et donc de la mise en place de l'intrusion.La minéralisation en Ni-Cu (essentiellement disséminée avec des veines sulfurées subverticales semi-massives à massives) est composée de pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite, rarement pyrite. La texture des sulfures varie de matricielle, en filets, en gouttelettes, ou brèchique. Les réserves estimées des dépôts de Samapleu (SM et E1) font plus de 40 millions de tonnes à une teneur moyenne de 0,25% Ni et 0,22% Cu dans la partie supérieure des intrusions (Sama Nickel-CI, Août 2013). Des MGP riches en palladium (Pd) sont associés aux sulfures et plusieurs bandelettes de chromite sont également présentes. Ces observations suggèrent un liquide sulfuré immiscible formé à partir du liquide silicaté initial consécutivement à la saturation en soufre du système. Ces sulfures d’origine essentiellement mantellique ont été probablement formés par injection de plusieurs magmas. Cependant une partie de ces sulfures aurait pu se former par l’assimilation des roches granulitiques encaissantes.La composition du liquide parent révèle une composition de basalte à forte teneur en MgO et faible teneur en Ti et suggère que les intrusions de Samapleu se sont formées par fusion du manteau supérieur sous l’influence d'un panache mantellique. Ainsi, lors de leurs remontées, le magma a assimilé les roches granulites encaissantes environnantesThe Yacouba layered complex intrudes the archean (3.6-2.78 Ga) Man field in the Biankouma-Sipilou area, western Ivory Coast. In Samapleu area, the complex is composed of three entities; Samapleu Main (SM); Samapleu Extension 1 (E1) and Yorodougou (Yo). It includes websterites, peridotites, chromitites, norites, gabbro-norites horizons. These horizons (total thickness of 80 to 200 m) inclined at 70-80° to the SE; arranged symmetrically with mafic layers at the center and ultramafic layers at both margins, are features of a dyke ; show a root more than 600 m from the surface with a junction intrusion (SM, E1) in more depth.At the E1 site, contacts of intrusions with the country rock gneiss are characterized by a hybrid zone (condition P = 7.5±1Kbar and T = 850°C ± 100°C) attributed to contact metamorphism during intrusion of the complex in the lower crust at a depth of about 22 km. Zircons in country rock gneisses and granulites, as well as in the hybrid facies, yield archean ages of ~ 2.78 Ga. Rutiles in the hybrid zone give a U-Pb age of 2.09 Ga, which is interpreted as the age of contact metamorphism and emplacement of the intrusion.The Ni-Cu mineralization (disseminated mainly with subvertical and semi-massive to massive sulfide veins) is composed of pentlandite, chalcopyrite, pyrrhotite and rare pyrite. The SM and E1 sites contain Ni and Cu sulfide deposit with reserves estimated as more than 40 million tons grading 0.25% Ni and 0.22% Cu in the upper portion (Sama Nickel-CI, August 2013). The sulfide textures range from matrix ore, net-textured, droplets or breccia textures. Zones enriched in PGM, particularly Pd, are associated with the sulfides and several chromite bands are also present. These observations suggest that an immiscible sulfide liquid formed from a parental silicate liquid and percolated through the crystal pile. These sulfides mainly mantle origin were probably formed by injecting several magmas. However few of these sulfides may have formed by the assimilation of country rocks.The parental melt composition has a basalt rich MgO and low Ti and suggest Samapleu intrusions were formed by melting of the upper mantle under the influence of a mantle plume. Thus, during its ascent, magma has assimilated the granulites country rocks
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Diakite, Aïssata. "Rôle de l'alcool et des substances psychoactives dans les accidents de la voie publique à Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire (Étude ASMA-CI)." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10064/document.
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L'objectif de notre thèse est d'évaluer le rôle de l'alcool et autres substances psychoactives dans la survenue et la gravité des traumatismes dus aux Accidents de la Voie Publique (AVP) en Côte d'Ivoire. Nous avons initié un recueil de données sur 893 victimes tuées ou blessées suite à un AVP, et admises aux urgences ou à l'Institut de Médecine Légale d'Abidjan. Ces données hospitalières ont été couplées aux données policières et aux résultats d'analyses toxicologiques. La méthode de dosage de l'alcoolémie par CPG-FID a démontré qu'elle répond parfaitement aux critères de performances analytiques recommandés en termes de fidélité, d'exactitude, de linéarité, de stabilité et de limite de quantification. Les niveaux d'alcoolémie chez les victimes au moment de l'AVP, sont élevés et compatibles avec un profil d'alcoolisation excessive. Plus de 75% des conducteurs alcoolisés ont une alcoolémie supérieure à 1g/L. Les prévalences d'alcoolémie au-delà de 0,8g/L sont de 41% chez les conducteurs de véhicules légers 4 roues, 35% chez les 2-roues, 17% chez les piétons et 13% chez les passagers. L'usage des autres substances psychoactives est moins fréquent chez les victimes (11%) et souvent associé à une alcoolémie supérieure à 0,8g/L. L'évaluation du risque de blessures graves (NISS9+) en fonction du degré d'alcoolisation suggère que les victimes avec une alcoolémie modérée ont un risque de blessures graves plus élevé en comparaison avec les victimes sobres (OR = 7,7; IC95% : 2,5-24,2). Au terme de cette thèse, nous proposons une procédure fiable de dosage de l'alcoolémie chez les victimes d'AVP et des mesures concrètes pour la prévention des traumatismes par AVP en Côte d'IvoireWe implemented a data collecting process including 893 victims who died or were injured following a RTA, and were admitted to the Emergency Room or to the Forensic Institute in Abidjan. This hospital-based data was linked with police data and toxicological testing. The method developed in our laboratory for blood alcohol determination using GC-FID demonstrated a good compliance with analytical performance requirements in terms of repeatability, accuracy, linearity, stability and limit of quantification. Blood alcohol levels found in victims at the time of the RTA were compatible with an excessive alcohol intake. More than 75% of drivers with a positive alcohol test had a blood alcohol concentration greater than 1g/L. Prevalence of alcohol above 0.8g/L reaches 41% in light four-wheel drivers, 35% in two-wheel riders, 17% in pedestrian and 13% in passengers. The prevalence of psychoactive drugs was lower (11%) compared to alcohol and usually associated with blood alcohol level greater than 0.8g/L. The assessment of the risk of serious injury (NISS9+) associated to the level of blood alcohol content suggest that victims showing a moderate blood alcohol level are more at risk to sustain serious injury compared to sober victims (OR = 7.7; IC95% : 2.5 – 24.2). In conclusion, we make some practical proposals to strengthen and for facilitating the application of the current law concerning driving under the influence of alcohol. We also make recommendations for prevention of road traffic injuries in the Ivory Coast
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Diabagate, Souleymane. "La gestion des ordures ménagères dans la ville de Bouaké et les inégalités socio spatiales et environnementales." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 8, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA080155.
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Le problème des déchets ménagers solides constitue une préoccupation quotidienne des ménages et des autorités municipales. La situation est plus alarmante dans les pays en développement en raison de la faiblesse des moyens financiers consacrés à l’enlèvement des ordures et aux stratégies inadaptées. En effet, faisant face à des difficultés économiques de taille, les gestionnaires sont obligés de procéder à une hiérarchisation dans le choix des investissements sociaux et la priorité n’est pas toujours accordée à la gestion des déchets. Les moyens utilisés jusqu’ici pour faire face aux problèmes engendrés par les déchets sont d’ordres financiers et techniques. La ville de Bouaké en est un exemple type.Située au centre de la Côte d'ivoire, la commune de Bouaké est la seconde ville du pays. Elle se trouve au carrefour des grands axes routiers et ferroviaires et à la lisière de deux zones à économie complémentaire. La situation géographique de la ville de Bouaké fait également d’elle un lieu privilégié d'échanges. Ces deux facteurs ont constitué des atouts importants attirant ainsi les populations notamment des pays frontaliers et permettant le développement du secteur privé. La cité de Bouaké marquée par une urbanisation rapide, est passée d’une population de 60 000 habitants à la date de l’indépendance en 1960 à 536 186 habitants selon le recensement de 2014. Dans les années 1970, d’importantes modifications spatiales sont observées et à partir des années 1980, la configuration actuelle est en place. La tache urbaine couvre aujourd’hui 11 000ha. L’augmentation rapide de la population couplée aux activités économiques est à l’origine de la prolifération des déchets ménagers dans la ville de Bouaké. L’accumulation des ordures ménagères est liée à une politique de gestion inadaptée, à l'ampleur d’une croissance urbaine mal maîtrisée et mal accompagnée par les schémas d’urbanismes successifs et aux problèmes politiques connus par le pays. Les populations les plus fragilisées subissent des conditions de vie difficiles dans un environnement de plus en plus dégradé. Malgré les plans d’urgences initiés par le gouvernement suite à l’accumulation des dépôts sauvages dans les villes ivoiriennes, le problème des ordures ménagères reste entier à Bouaké. Plusieurs zones de la ville ne sont pas couvertes par les services de ramassage des ordures ménagères. L’inaccessibilité de certaines parties de la ville et le manque de synergie des actions des acteurs territoriaux sont ainsi mises en cause. L’étude de la gestion des déchets ménagers dans la ville est une approche visant à établir un diagnostic à différentes échelles de ce processus. La problématique de l’environnement urbain de Bouaké est au centre de cette recherche qui se focalise plus sur les inégalités socio-spatiales éclairées par la gestion des ordures ménagères. Nos hypothèses se fondent sur une relation entre une inégalité : socio-spatiale et des problèmes environnementaux exacerbés par un déficit de politiques d’aménagement urbain. L’analyse plus particulière de la gestion des déchets ménagers est considérée pour mettre en évidence ce lien. L’ensemble de ce travail participe à la problématique générale de l’émergence d’une ville durableThe problem of solid household waste is a daily concern of household and municipal authorities. The situation is more alarming in developing countries because of the weakness of the financial resources dedicated to the removal of garbage and inappropriate strategies. Indeed, facing significant economic challenges, managers are forced to make a hierarchy in the choice of social investment and the priority is always given to the waste management. The means used so far to deal with the problems caused by the waste are financial and technical. A typical example is the city of Bouaké.Located in the centre of Ivory Coast, the town of Bouaké is the second city of the country. It is located at the intersection of the main road and rail lines and at the edge of two complementary economy areas. Location of the town of Bouaké also made her a privileged exchanges. These two factors have been important assets attracting people especially the border countries and allowing the development of the private sector. The city of Bouaké marked by rapid urbanization, went from a population of 60,000 inhabitants date independence in 1960 to 536 186 inhabitants according to the Census of 2014. In the 1970s, significant spatial changes are observed and the 1980s, the current configuration is in place. The urban task now covers 11 000 ha. The rapid increase of the population coupled with economic activities is responsible for the proliferation of household waste in the city of Bouaké. The accumulation of garbage is linked to a policy of inappropriate management, scale of urban growth poorly controlled and badly accompanied by patterns of successive urban planning and political problems known by the country. The most vulnerable populations face difficult living conditions in an increasingly degraded environment. Despite the emergency plans initiated by the Government as a result of the accumulation of the dumps in Ivorian cities, the problem of the garbage remains in Bouaké. Several areas of the city not covered by the garbage collection services. The inaccessibility of some parts of the city and the lack of synergy between the actions of the territorial actors are thus being questioned.The study of the management of household waste in the city is an approach to establish a diagnosis at different scales of this process. The problem of the urban environment of Bouaké is at the center of this research that focuses more on spatial inequality informed by the management of garbage. Our assumptions are based on a relationship between inequality: spatial and environmental problems exacerbated by a lack of urban planning policies. More specific analysis of the management of household waste is considered to highlight this link. All of this work participates in the general problem of the emergence of a sustainable city
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Arbeille, Jean. "Recherches biologiques et ecologiques sur les blattes de la region de lamto (cote d'ivoire)." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066335.
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Etude des peuplements de blattes dans la region de lambo au travers d'elevages et de releves. Les elevages apportent des donnees sur la biologie de la reproduction et du developpement et ont permis grace a l'identification des stades larvaires une interpretation precise des cycles saisonniers obtenus par des releves sur le terrain
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Triplet, Anne-Charlotte. "Éducation et post-conflit : l’intervention des acteurs de l’aide humanitaire et du développement en Côte d’Ivoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB136/document.
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Les crises politiques qui ont secoué la Côte d'Ivoire depuis la mort d'Houphouët-Boigny n'ont pas manqué d'impliquer directement l'éducation, et ce à plusieurs niveaux. Dans le même temps, l'éducation fut un enjeu politique direct et un lieu d'affrontement. Cette thèse s'intéresse à la perception qu'ont les acteurs de la demande et de l'offre en éducation sur le rôle de l'éducation et de l'intervention de l'aide internationale et locale dans le secteur. La démarche empirique adoptée repose sur la méthode de la triangulation qui combine l'analyse secondaire de données, les entretiens et les questionnaires récoltés entre avril 2013 et octobre 2014 à Abidjan, au centre et à l'ouest du pays. Les résultats de ces enquêtes montrent que les acteurs ayant été les plus affectés dans leur scolarité envisagent davantage l'École comme espace de socialisation et participent ainsi au processus de résilience. Par ailleurs, la présence des organisations internationales légitime les actions du gouvernement actuel. Ainsi, l'aide internationale est le plus souvent recherchée et même valorisée. La reconstruction du système éducatif, son développement et sa transformation se font donc sous influence internationale, sans que celle-ci soit perçue comme de l'ingérence par les acteurs de la demande et de l'offre en éducationThe political crisis that disrupted the country since Houphouët Boigny's death directly involved education on a number of levels. At the same time, Education also became a major political issue, opposing rival factions, and a collateral target of the actors of the conflict. This thesis focuses on the supply and demand education stakeholders'perception on the role of education as well as their representations on the international and local assistance in this domain. The chosen empirical approach uses the triangulation method which combines interviews, questionnaires and existing databases. All these elements were collected from April 2013 and October 2014 in Abidjan and in central and western Côte d'Ivoire. The results of this analysis show that the stakeholders who were the most affected through their schooling are considering School more like a socialisation space and thus participate to the process of resilience. Results also reveal how the presence of international organizations legitimizes the current government's actions. International aid is frequently sought out and highly valued. The education system has been rebuilt, developed and transformed under the influence of international organizations. The public authorities do not perceive this as a form of interference, and nor do demand and offer education actors
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Hounyoton, Hospice Bienvenu. "Le vidomɛgɔnat et l'évolution de la représentation sociale de l'enfant au Bénin : naissance et modes de résolution d'un conflit de logiques sociales." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LYO20104.
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Cette thèse porte sur la mutation contemporaine des représentations et pratiques sociales relatives à « l’enfant placé » au Bénin. Sous la dénomination vìɖómεgɔ́n de la langue Fòn du Bénin méridional, se perpétue une pratique sociale séculaire qui consiste à « placer » un enfant en dehors de la famille de ses géniteurs pendant le temps de sa croissance et de son éducation. Cette pratique longtemps incontestée et qualifiée comme apprentissage éducatif par les acteurs béninois a été progressivement disqualifiée et stigmatisée comme esclavage d’enfants par les instances internationales (en tête desquelles l’Unicef) ainsi que par des pays africains devenus destinataires de vìɖómεgɔ́n (Gabon et Côte d’Ivoire notamment). La contestation internationale, grandissante depuis les années 1990, a amené une progressive contestation nationale de la pratique à l’intérieur du Bénin, fondant une transformation concomitante des représentations endogènes de l’enfant dans le pays. C’est la compréhension de l’ensemble des processus culturels et sociaux inhérents à cette mutation qui donne corps à une discussion sur la perception différenciée des droits de l’homme et des droits de l’enfant en AfriqueThis dissertation deals with current practice known in Benin (West Africa) as vìɖómεgɔ́n, i.e. litteraly “given child” out of one’s family, in order to get trained by external employement starting from early childhood. In Benin, this practice was considered as part of a socialization and education process, and as such has been uncontested during precolonial and colonial times. But in the 1990’s, it has been defined as slavery by International Organisations such as UNICEF or other NGO’s, and by some African countries (mainly Gabon and Ivory Coast) where vìɖómεgɔ́n are sent to be illegally employed in minor jobs on urban malls. International and external contestation has lead to an internal and national contestation within Benin. It is the purpose of this dissertation, taking on a historical and comprehensive bent, to build up the social understanding of the new situation where human rights and especially children’s rights are openly discussed. It aims to demonstrate the way and means of social dynamics providing new meanings to shifted contexts
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Montaz, Léo. "« Manger pour soi-même » : stratégies d'émancipation et processus d'autonomisation chez les jeunes bétés de « retour à la terre » en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018USPCB178.
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Les espaces ruraux ivoiriens, et particulièrement ceux du centre et de l'ouest-forestier, tel que le pays Bété où j'ai mené mes enquêtes, présentent une caractéristique notable : ils accueillent plus de migrants qu'ils n'en fournissent, et ces migrants sont majoritairement des jeunes hommes. La Côte d'Ivoire est en effet marquée, depuis la fin des années 1970, par un fort processus migratoire dit de « retour à la terre », qui n'est bien souvent qu'un retour au village. Il concerne aujourd'hui des jeunes ressortissants autochtones de la zone forestière, qui viennent s'installer dans leurs villages d'origine avec l'espoir d'un mieux vivre pour certains, ou comme une solution de pis-aller pour d'autres. Ce processus migratoire est généralement interprété comme une conséquence de la précarité urbaine et comme l'une des causes de l'aggravation de la crise socio-foncière dans le pays. Cette thèse propose un autre regard sur ce phénomène en l'appréhendant sous l'angle des dynamiques économiques et politiques provoquées par ces jeunes, porteurs d'une idéologie de la « modernité », alors qu'ils cherchent à s'émanciper de leurs aînés et à créer de nouvelles formes de solidarité. Ces ambitions s'accompagnent de deux processus concomitants dont l'analyse constitue le cœur de ce travail : l'autonomisation de la jeunesse comme catégorie politique d'une part et l'individualisation de certains jeunes au sein de cette catégorie d'autre part. Cette thèse apporte ainsi un éclairage sur deux processus rarement analysés dans les villages, alors qu'ils sont bien documentés en ville. Elle permet plus largement d'apporter des éléments de compréhension sur les mutations contemporaines que connaissent les zones rurales en Côte d'IvoireIvorian rural areas, particularly those in the centre and the west - like the Bété land, where I conducted my field works - have a notable feature: they host more migrants than they provide, and these migrants are mostly young people. Since the late 1970s, the country has been marked by a strong migratory process known as "return to the land", which is often only a return to the village. Today, it concerns young indigenous peoples of the forest zone, who come to settle in their paternal villages with the hope of a better life for some, or as a solution of second-best for others. This migratory process is generally interpreted as a consequence of urban precariousness and as one of the causes of the aggravation of the socio-land crisis in the country This PhD thesis offers a different perspective on this phenomenon by apprehending it under the way of the economic and political dynamics provoked by these young people. They carrying an ideology of "modernity", as they seek to emancipate themselves from their elders and to create new forms of solidarity. These ambitions are accompanied by two concomitant processes whose analysis constitutes the heart of this work: the empowerment of youth as a political category on the one hand and the individualisation of certain young people within this category on the other hand. This PhD thesis thus sheds light on two processes rarely analysed in the villages, while they are well documented in urban area. It thus provides insights into the contemporary changes in rural areas in Côte d'Ivoire
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Attindéhou, Olivier-Charles Bernardin. "Penser l'instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. Examen des causes et revendication heuristique : la stabilité par le chaos. Les cas illustratifs de la Côte d'Ivoire et du Rwanda." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE3053.
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L’Afrique subsaharienne se présente, involontairement, comme une région en proie à une succession de crises, de conflits, de guerres civiles. Ces externalités négatives de l’instabilité socio-politique s’appréhendent, souvent, par le truchement du rite jaculatoire causal. D’où, les vocables « ethnies », « identité » – lorsqu’il n’est pas question de sous-développement, ou de l’injection du déficit démocratique –, auprès des commentateurs, sont, de façon cursive, convoqués pour expliquer le désordre perçu. Ainsi, les événements de 1994 au Rwanda sont ramenés à un conflit – « ethnique » – Hutu/Tutsi; négligeant par voie de conséquence l’acuité de la complexité de la réalité, ou à défaut, celle de la convergence de variables. Et pourtant, en descendant dans cette profondeur cognitive, tout observateur constaterait que l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne reste une construction dans le temps et dans l’espace, optimisée par l’impénitent désir de pouvoir des acteurs politiques. Les structures historiques, loin d’être de véritables déterminants, participent à la construction sociale de la réalité porteuse d’idées, de règles et de pratiques représentationnelles qui érigent la nécessaire grammaire du bouleversement social. Nos présents travaux, non seulement, viennent examiner les causes habituellement avancées, mais s’opposent également aux arguments culturalistes mobilisés pour l’explication ou la compréhension de l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne. C’est pourquoi, nous retenons que la justesse scientifique afférente à la compréhension du mouvement mécanistique socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne est fonction du mode de connaissance de la réalité perçue. Par conséquent, nous estimons que l’instabilité socio-politique en Afrique subsaharienne, est un processus dynamique évolutif qui, nonobstant le désordre structurel, tend vers une stationnarité relative, puis absolue avant l’avènement de la stabilitéSubsaharan Africa presents itself, involuntarily, like an area in the grip of a succession of crises, conflicts, civil wars. These negative externalities of sociopolitical instability are apprehended, often, by the means of the causal ritual. That's why, the terms "ethnic group", "identity" - when it isn't question of underdevelopment, or the injection of democratic deficit - near the commentators, in a cursory mention, are convened to explain the perceived disorder. Thus, the events of 1994 in Rwanda are brought back to a "ethnic" conflict Hutu/Tutsi; negleging consequently the acuity of the complexity of reality or failing this, that of the convergence of variables. And yet, while going down in this cognitive depth, any observer would note that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa remains a construction in time and space, optimized by the unrepentant desire of power of the political actors. The historical structures, far from being true determinants, take part in the social construction of reality carrying ideas, rules, and practices representational which set up the necessary grammar of the social upheaval. Our present work, not only comes to examine the usually advanced causes, but is also opposed to the culturalist arguments mobilized for the explanation or the comprehension of sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa. This is why, we retain that the scientific accuracy related with the comprehension of sociopolitical mechanisitc movement in subsaharan Africa is function of the mode of knowledge of perceived reality. Consequently, we estimate that sociopolitical instability in subsaharan Africa, is an evolutionary dynamic process which, notwhithstanding, the strutural disorder, strives for a relative stationnarity, then absolute before the advent of stability
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Kacou, Elise Amoin. "Comportements sexuels à risque au temps du VIH/Sida : le cas des jeunes en Côte d'Ivoire." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. https://ecm.univ-paris1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/919efed5-8c0f-4a72-821e-0c5405bead29.
Full textAbstract:
La prévalence du VIH/Sida en Côte d’Ivoire reste encore aujourd’hui très élevée au regard des niveaux observés dans la sous-région ouest africaine. Un grand nombre des nouvelles infections à VIH se produit chez les jeunes de 15 à 24 ans. C’est également dans cette tranche d’âge que réside l’espoir d’inverser le cours de cette épidémie. Cette thèse se propose de questionner les comportements sexuels à risque parmi les jeunes dans un contexte social et économique en pleine mutation. L’objectif est d’appréhender les facteurs explicatifs de l’évolution des comportements sexuels à risque. Les données utilisées proviennent de cinq sources complémentaires : les enquêtes démographiques et de santé de 1998 et 2012, l’enquête sur les indicateurs du Sida de 2005, l’enquête quantitative sur le contexte de la sexualité des jeunes organisée dans le cadre du West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP) en 2015 et une enquête qualitative que nous avons menée en 2015 dans la ville d’Abidjan (Côte d’Ivoire). Les résultats mettent au jour une non observance des normes traditionnelles en matière de sexualité en Afrique. Du fait de la modernisation, ces normes de comportements sexuels sont incontestablement en évolution. Les rapports sexuels prônés, autrefois, exclusivement dans le cadre du mariage, notamment chez les filles tendent à s’estomper avec une proportion croissante de jeunes qui s’engage dans une sexualité prémaritale. L’affaiblissement des modes traditionnels de contrôle social, l’émancipation hâtive des jeunes de leur famille ainsi que le recul de l’implication des membres de la famille élargie dans la socialisation ont pour conséquence une sexualité à haut risque d’IST, notamment le VIH/Sida. De plus, cette sexualité des jeunes célibataires intervient souvent à un âge précoce où leur immaturité physique et leur manque d’informations approfondies sur le Sida les exposent à plus de risques. Cette étude montre que le calendrier de l’initiation sexuelle prémaritale conditionne le recours ou non au préservatif. Ainsi, les jeunes qui commencent leur vie sexuelle de façon précoce sont plus enclins à ne pas recourir au préservatif au moment de cette occurrence. En s’intéressant au multipartenariat sexuel, les résultats montrent que l’adoption d’un tel comportement émane de décisions individuelles influencées surtout par l’environnement familial et le contexte socio-économique. L’analyse compréhensive du multipartenariat à travers le discours des participants met en lumière des aspects insuffisamment pris en compte dans les enquêtes quantitatives standardisées. Il ressort en autres que la désarticulation de la socialisation ou la rupture des liens sociaux et affectifs sont influents sur le recours aux partenaires multiples. Enfin, on note que les pratiques préventives chez les jeunes ont connu des progrès notables entre 1998 et 2012 mettant ainsi en évidence l’efficacité des stratégies de prévention en l’occurrence la sensibilisation, l’accessibilité aux préservatifs. Du point de vue programmatique, ce résultat est plutôt encourageant car il prouve que la lutte contre le Sida progresse légèrement dans le pays. En revanche, entre 2005-2012, la proportion des jeunes n’ayant pas fait usage de préservatifs est restée stable. Comme les jeunes résidant en ville et les plus instruits ont davantage contribué au maintien des comportements à risque, il s’avère nécessaire de redéfinir les objectifs et reformer les programmes des préventions des IST en Côte d’IvoireThe prevalence of HIV/AIDS in Ivory Coast remains considerably high compared to the levels observed in other West African countries. Most new HIV infections cases occur among young people of age 15-24 years. The hopes of reversing the trend of this epidemic lie in this age group. This dissertation aims at examining sexual risk behaviors among young people in a changing social and economic context. The objective is to understand factors that could explain the evolution of risky sexual behavior. The data used in this dissertation is from five complementary sources: The Demographic and Health Surveys of 1998 and 2012, the AIDS Indicator Survey of 2005, the context of youth sexuality survey as part of West Africa Agricultural Productivity Program (WAAPP), 2015 and a qualitative survey we organized in the city of Abidjan (Côte d'Ivoire), 2015.Our findings reveal a lack of compliance with traditional norms of sexuality in Africa. Sexual intercourse formerly exclusive in marriage, especially among girls, tends to fade while premarital sex is on the rise. Traditional methods of social control are weakening, an early emancipation of young people from their families is being observed and a decline in the involvement of extended family members in socialization, resulting in high-risk sexuality for sexually transmitted infections including HIV / AIDS. Moreover, this sexuality of young singles often comes at an early age insofar as a lack of physical immaturity and a lack of information on AIDS puts them at greater risk.This study shows that the timing of premarital sexual initiation determines whether or not condoms are used. Thus, young people who start their sexual life early are more likely not to use condoms at the time of this occurrence. By looking at multiple sex partnerships, the results show that the adoption of such behavior emanates from individual decisions influenced mainly by the family environment and the socio-economic context. A comprehensive analysis of multi-partnership based on a qualitative survey highlights aspects that are not sufficiently taken into account in standardized quantitative surveys. In addition, it appears that the disarticulation of socialization or the breakdown of social and emotional ties has an influence on the use of multiple partners. Finally, we note that preventive practices among young people have made significant progress between 1998 and 2012. From a programmatic point of view, this result is rather encouraging because it proves that the fight against AIDS is progressing in the country. However, between 2005-2012, the proportion of youth who didn’t use condoms remained stable. As young urban residents and the most educated have contributed more to the maintenance of risky behavior, it is necessary to redefine the objectives and reform the STI prevention programs in Côte d'Ivoire
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Binate, Amara. "Le retour à la vie civile des ex-combattants en Côte d'Ivoire "post-crise" : que deviennent les jeunes recrues ?" Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019UBFCC013.
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Cette recherche porte sur les questions de jeunesse d’après-guerre et de reconstruction « post-crise ». S’inscrivant dans l’amorce d’un ensemble d'études menées sur le territoire Ouest-Africain, précisément en Côte d’Ivoire, elle s’appuie sur une enquête ethnographique conduite auprès de jeunes recrues communément appelées ex-combattants. Face au nombre de trajectoires et parcours de réinsertion sociale qui se dévoilent dans les différentes régions du pays, en des lieux et des temps choisis de la grande ville d’Abidjan, cette thèse est consacrée à celles suivies par des jeunes recrues (ex-combattants) résidant dans les anciennes cités universitaires de deux grandes banlieues périphériques d’Abidjan (Abobo et Williamsville). C’est sous cette optique que le processus de construction de leur réinsertion sociale y compris les dispositifs de réinsertion4 mis en place par les instances dirigeantes pour y parvenir, vont faire l’objet d’un examen critique et d’une analyse approfondie. Comment observer et interpréter ce qui se passe lorsqu’un ex-combattants retourne à la vie civile ? Comment retrouve-t-il un cadre normalisé de relation sociale ? En quoi consiste ce retour à la vie civile ? Est-ce une bonne manière de penser cette réintégration à partir des pôles d’intégration et de production identitaires que sont (le travail, la famille, le voisinage et la citoyenneté) qui, pour nous, forment un ensemble permettant à l’ex-combattant d’être épanoui dans sa réintégration. A partir d’une analyse par « le bas », c’est-à-dire à travers des expériences, des modes de vie et des ajustements qu’ils entraînent pour s’adapter à des situations particulières, nous tenterons de retracer leurs parcours depuis le recrutement, le processus de transformation en soldat, jusqu’à leur vie d’ex-combattants et l’usage qu’ils font des dispositifs. Les analyses successives développées permettent ainsi d’avancer, sinon de tester l’hypothèse suivante : avec le dispositif - au sens de Michel Foucauld5-, préparé par toutes les mesures gouvernementales et internationales antérieures dont il représente à la fois le prolongement et la globalisation, on assiste à l’émergence d’un nouveau mode de resocialisation post-crise, spécifique aux jeunes recrues dépourvues de titres scolaires, originaires des fractions les plus démunies et les plusarriérées des classes populaires. Par mode de resocialisation post-crise, nous désignons à la fois un ensemble d’instances spécifiques, destinées à assurer la prise en charge sociale de ces fractions de jeunes et un ensemble d’activités fondées sur l’alternance démilitarisation/resocialisation, formation et travail, destinées à les préparer aux nouvelles conditions de fonctionnement du marché du travail issues de la crise. Chacun des thèmes correspond à un critère et fera l’objet d’un développement, auquel nous ajouterons des extraits d’entretiens qui appuieront notre analyse. Nous allons nous interroger sur les facteurs d’unité de notre corpus, en exposant les critères pris en compte par l’ensemble de nos informateursThis research focuses on post-war and post-crisis reconstruction youth issues. As part of a series of studies conducted on the West African region, specifically in Côte d'Ivoire, it is based on an ethnographic survey of young recruits commonly known as ex-combatants. Given the number of trajectories and social reintegration paths that unfold in different regions of the country, in selected places and times in the big city of Abidjan, this thesis is devoted to examining the pathways of young recruits (ex-combatants) residing in the former university cities of two large outlying suburbs of Abidjan (Abobo and Williamsville). It is from this perspectivethat the process of building their social reintegration, including the reintegration mechanisms put in place by the governing bodies to achieve this, form the subject of a critical review and in-depth analysis6. How to observe and interpret what happens when ex-combatants return to civilian life? How does s/he find normal social relations? What does this return to civilian life consist of? Is it a good way to think of this reintegration from four of the axes of sociability (work, family, neighborhood and citizenship) which, for us, collectively allow the ex-combatant to flourish in their reintegration. Following an analysis from "the bottom", that is to say through experiences, lifestyles and adjustments that lead them to adapt to particular situations, we willtry to trace their path from recruitment, the process of transformation into a soldier, to their life as ex-combatants and their use of devices for social reintegration. Each of the themes corresponds to a criterion and will be developed, to which we will add excerpts of interviews that support our analysis. We will ask ourselves about the unifying factors of our corpus, by setting out the criteria taken into account by all our informants. The successive analysis developed thus makes it possible to advance and test our hypothesis using the analytical framework of Michel Foucault - all the previous governmental and international measures which represent at the same time prolongation and generalization. We are witnessing the emergence of a new mode of postcrisis resocialization, specific to young recruits without a school qualification, from the poorestand most backward sections of the working classes. By means of post-crisis resocialization, we designate both a set of specific bodies, intended to ensure the social care of these fractions of young people and a set of activities based on the alternation between demilitarization / resocialization, training and to prepare them for the new conditions of the labor market resulting from the crisis. Each of the themes corresponds to one criterion and will be developed, to which we will add excerpts of interviews that will support our analysis. We will ask ourselves about the unifying factors of our corpus, by exposing the criteria taken into account by all our informants
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Bessette, Prudence. "L'identité dans le lien social, entre le même et l'autre : étude comparative des dessins d'enfants québecois et ivoiriens." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00803273.
Full textAbstract:
Les changements sociaux mettent aujourd'hui en question les identités individuelles et collectives, le rapport à soi-même et aux autres. À partir d'une méthodologie croisée, ce travail interroge la construction de l'identité en fonction du lien social, en comparant les dessins d'enfants québécois et ivoiriens (méthode projective de quatre dessins : libre, bonhomme, famille, famille idéale). Huit études de cas, de même qu'une comparaison statistique avec des données internationales (France, Russie, Vietnam), mettent en lumière des différences culturelles. La primauté de la représentation de soi-même, spécifique au Québec, et l'absence du sujet dans le dessin, particulière à la Côte d'Ivoire, font l'objet d'un examen particulier. Le dessin témoignant des identifications à l'interface subjective et sociale, la synthèse des résultats révèle la possibilité d'un lien entre le sujet solipsiste moderne et une organisation identificatoire privilégiant des figures du Même ou du semblable, qui implique des aspects régressifs. L'identification (secondaire) à des figures de l'Autre, nécessaire à la construction d'idéaux et d'une identité qui puisse se projeter dans l'avenir, paraît facilitée dans un lien social où une tradition symbolique fonctionne. De manière générale, l'identité est à penser comme un équilibre entre mêmeté et altérité, dont le lien social viendra faire varier la configuration.