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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IVF; In Vitro Fertilization'
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Hammarberg, Karin. "Women's experience of IVF treatment /." Connect to thesis, 1998. http://eprints.unimelb.edu.au/archive/00002870.
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Spyropoulou, Isabella. "Studies of methods to improve human pre- and peri-implantation embryo development in vitro." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.365394.
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Liu, Yunao. "Human endometrial gene expression profiling and receptivity in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43085404.
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Liu, Yunao, and 劉蘊奡. "Human endometrial gene expression profiling and receptivity in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43085404.
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Rosenlund, Björn. "Management of severe male infertility with special reference to IVF and ICSI /." Stockholm, 1998. http://diss.kib.ki.se/1998/19980327rose.
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Whistler, James W. "ANALYSIS OF EMBRYO SCORING AND COMPARISON OF CLINIC PERFORMANCE IN IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2015. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/1376.
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Clinical Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) practices seek to make improvements in embryo quality and resultant procedural success rates. There is a significant variance in live birth rates among clinics nationwide. The goal of this thesis is make comparisons of embryo quality among clinics and understand these differences. This analysis focuses on the stage between egg retrieval and embryo transfer. Because the currently accepted embryo scoring methods are not directly proportional to performance, a new scoring methodology is proposed and applied. Data provided by the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology (SART) consisting of 36,836 patient cycles from 40 anonymous clinics nationwide is considered. After necessary reductions are made, the data is anatomized to link each embryo transferred to an implantation probability. A score is generated for each morphology grouping based on the average implantation rate of that group. This score is used as the basis for clinic comparisons. Top-performing clinics (in terms of live birth rates in patients agedold) are then shown to both produce embryos of higher score and achieve better results from embryos of identical morphology.
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Östgård, Malin, and Gereben Elisabeth Damström. "Processen att försöka göra barn : kvinnors upplevelse av att genomgå IVF- behandling." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-59.
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Infertilitet är en utbredd problematik som drabbar många par världen över. Olika behandlingsformer finns att tillgå för att hjälpa infertila par att uppnå en graviditet. IVF-behandling är en vanlig behandlingsform. Många studier visar att IVF-behandling påverkar kvinnan mer än mannen psykiskt. Syftet med denna studie var att beskriva hur kvinnor upplever processen att genomgå IVF-behandling. Metod: En litteraturstudie gjordes på tio kvalitativa artiklar för att besvara syftet. En innehållsanalys gjordes på dessa artiklar, där meningsbärande enheter identifierades i artiklarnas resultat. Dessa enheter kondenserades, grupperades och formade sub-kategorier och teman. Livsvärldsperspektivet användes som en teoretisk referensram. Resultatet av denna litteraturstudie blev sju teman; Tro på behandlingen; Okunskap; Påverkan på vardagen; Bemötande i relationer; Negativ hantering; Rädsla, samt Väntan. Slutsatser som drogs av denna litteraturstudie var att kvinnornas upplevelser var övervägande negativt präglade, men en tro på behandlingen var ändå en central upplevelse. Det är viktigt för berörda kvinnors omgivning att inneha ett livsvärldsperspektiv inför kvinnornas upplevelser av behandlingen. En ökad förståelse från kvinnornas omgivning skulle kunna ge kvinnorna bättre upplevelser av att genomgå behandlingen.Infertility is a widespread problem that affects many couples worldwide. Various treatments are available to help infertile couples achieve conception, and IVF is a common form of treatment. The psychological impact of the IVF-treatment affects the woman more than the man. The aim of this study was to describe how women experience the process of going through IVF treatment. Method: A literature review was done on ten qualitative articles to answer the aim of the study. A content analysis was done on these articles, and meaningful units were identified in the articles‟ results. These units were condensed, grouped and then formed into sub-categories and themes. A Life-World perspective was used as a theoretical framework. The result of this study was seven themes: Faith in the treatment; Ignorance: The impact on daily life; Responding in relationships, Negative handling, Fear, and Wait. Conclusions of this study were that women's experiences were predominantly negatively characterized, but a faith in the treatment was still a central experience. It is important for the women‟s surroundings to hold a Life-World perspective to women's experiences of the treatment. A greater understanding from the women's surroundings may improve the women‟s experiences of going through the treatment.
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Gürtin-Broadbent, Zeynep Başak. "The ART of making babies : Turkish IVF patients' experiences of childlessness, infertility and Tüp Bebek." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.648190.
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Stylianou, Christos. "Predictive modelling of assisted conception data with embryo-level covariates : statistical issues and application." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2011. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/predictive-modelling-of-assisted-conception-data-withembryolevel-covariatesstatistical-issues-and-application(a9c4d835-a082-43c7-b980-a1b6b8e165c8).html.
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Statistical modelling of data from the embryo transfer process of In-Vitro Fertilization (IVF) treatments is motivated by the need to perform statistical inference for potential factors and to develop predictive models for these treatments. The biggest issue arising when modelling these treatments is that a number of embryos are transferred but unless all of the embryos get implanted or fail to implant then it is not possible to identify which of the embryos implanted. Little work has been done to address this partial observability of the outcome as it arises in this context. We adopt an Embryo-Uterus (EU) framework where a patient response has distinct uterine and embryo components. This framework is used to construct statistical models, expand them to allow for clustering effects and develop a package that will enable the fitting and prediction of these models in STATA. The capabilities of this package are demonstrated in two real datasets, aimed in investigating the effect of a new embryo prognostic variable and the effect of patient clustering in these treatments. In a simulation study EU models are shown to be capable of identifying a patient covariate either as a predictor of uterine receptivity or embryo viability. However a simulation case study shows that a considerable amount of information about the embryo covariate is lost due to the partial observability of the outcome. Further simulation work evaluating the performance of a number of proposed alternatives to the EU model shows that these alternatives are either biased or conservative. The partially observed cycles are finally considered as a missing data problem and two novel modelling approaches are developed which are able to handle the structure of these treatments. These novel models, based on multiple imputation and probability weighting, are compared to the EU model using simulation in terms of predictive accuracy and are found to have similar predictive accuracy to the EU model.
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Ström, Åse, and Tina Johansson. "IVF-processen. Parets upplevelse av vårdens bemötande, samt processens påverkan på parrelationen." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för juridik, psykologi och socialt arbete, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-25780.
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Av par i fertil ålder som aktivt försöker få barn är det 10-15 procent som inte lyckas inom ett år och räknas då till kategorin ofrivilligt barnlösa. Att drabbas av ofrivillig barnlöshet innebär stor sorg och prövning för det drabbade paret. Med hjälp av assisterad befruktning kan parets möjligheter till graviditet öka. En IVF-process innebär psykisk och fysisk påfrestning, vilket ställer stora krav på vårdens bemötande, kompetens och stöd. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka hur par som genomgår IVF-behandling upplever vårdens bemötande samt om och i så fall hur parets relation påverkats under och efter IVF-processen. Studien har en kvalitativ ansats och för att uppfylla syfte och besvara frågeställningar har semistrukturerade intervjuer använts som metod. Undersökningen består av fem intervjupar vilka genomgått eller genomgår en IVF-process. Resultatet visar att respondenterna från en början upplevde ett varmt och välkomnande bemötande, men att det efterhand förändrades. Respondenterna beskriver brister hos vårdpersonalen såsom kränkning, kompetens- och tidsbrist. Vidare framgår att flertalet upplever att de blivit bemötta som en i mängden, framförallt av läkare, då de inte fått den individanpassade vård som krävdes. Resultatet visar att paret under IVF-processen utsätts för flertalet påfrestningar, vilket kan vara krävande för parrelationen. Trots detta upplever paren att påfrestningarna medfört en stärkt parrelation.Of couples of reproductive age who are actively trying to conceive, 10-15 percent fails within a year, and is then counted in the category of involuntary childlessness. Couples that suffer from infertility often experience great emotional distress. With the help of assisted reproduction, the couple's possibility of a pregnancy may increase. The IVF process involves mental and physical stress, which leads to heavy demands on health care treatment, expertise and support. This study aims to examine how couples undergoing IVF treatment experienced the response they received from health care system. This includes whether or not the couple's relationship was affected during and after the IVF treatment process and if so how it was affected. The study was made with a qualitative approach. Semi-structured interviews have been our method for obtaining data this study. The study is based on interviews of five couples who underwent, or are still undergoing an IVF treatment process. The results show that respondents initially experienced a warm and friendly welcome from the health care system, but it gradually changed for worse. The respondents describe what they see as inadequacies of healthcare providers such as offensiveness, lack of skills, and time constraints. Furthermore, it appears that the majority feels that they have been overlooked, especially by doctors, when they did not receive the personalized care they needed. The results show that during the IVF treatment process the couples are subjected to intense and varying forms of stress that can be hard on their relationships. Despite the strain it has put on them, the couple's feel that it has strengthened their relationships.
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Vacovsky, Lindsey. "The Effectiveness of Two Types of Adjunct Acupuncture Exposures on In Vitro Fertilization Outcomes." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/6954.
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One out of every 8 couples experiences infertility. Few publications exist examining the association between the addition of adjunctive therapies when applied to the in vitro fertilization (IVF) procedure and pregnancy outcome. The purpose of this study was to compare the effectiveness of 2 types of adjunct acupuncture exposures on IVF outcomes by applying the concept of the epidemiology triad. The association between the type of adjunct acupuncture exposure received (the independent variable) and pregnancy (the outcome) was determined via binary logistic regression using SPSS software. Medical records of women having received the IVF procedure along with adjunct acupuncture were eligible for analysis. A total of 444 qualifying patient records were collected from participating acupuncture clinics. Analysis of the data showed there was no significant difference in pregnancy outcomes between the two types of adjunct acupuncture reviewed. However, an increase in pregnancy outcomes was noted in the adjunct acupuncture groups when compared with pregnancy outcomes in IVF protocols without the addition of adjunct acupuncture. Additionally, there was no significant difference between pregnancy outcomes when accounting for various race or age groups. This study has implications for positive social change in the form of both providing data to women undergoing the IVF procedure to allow for more informed decision making and ultimately with hopes of improving the odds of success to the nearly 165,000 IVF procedures undergone in America each year.
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Volgsten, Helena. "Mood Disorders, Personality and Grief in Women and Men undergoing in vitro Fertilization Treatment." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-109464.
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Psychological problems are common in infertile women undergoing in vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. The aim of this thesis was to determine the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, such as mood and anxiety disorders, and related risk factors and personality traits in women and men undergoing IVF. Participants were 1090 consecutive women and men, 545 couples, attending a fertility clinic in Sweden during a two-year period. The Primary Care Evaluation of Mental Disorders (PRIME-MD), based on the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV), was used for evaluating mood and anxiety disorders. The participation rate was 862 (79 %) subjects. Any psychiatric disorder was present in 31 % of females and in 10 % of males. Major depression was prevalent in 11 % of females and 5 % of males. Only 21 % of the subjects with a psychiatric disorder had some form of treatment. A negative pregnancy test and obesity (BMI ≥ 30) were risk factors for mood disorders in women and the only risk factor for depression in men was unexplained infertility. Anxiety disorders were less common than in the general population and no IVF-related risk factors were identified. The Swedish universities Scales of Personality (SSP), a self-rating questionnaire, was used for evaluation of personality traits. High scores of personality traits related to neuroticism were associated with mood and/or anxiety disorders among both women and men. Another objective was to explore the experience of childlessness three years after unsuccessful IVF by a qualitative-approach, assessing data by interviews. Failure after IVF was experienced by women in terms of grief, whereas men took upon themselves a supportive role not expressing grief. A need for professional support and counselling in how to handle grief was described. An unstructured end after IVF treatment left unanswered questions. Three years after the end of treatment, men and women were still processing and had not adapted to childlessness, indicating the grieving process was unresolved.
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Mohiyiddeen, Lamiya. "The role of FSH receptor gene polymorphisms in the prediction of ovarian response in patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) treatment." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2012. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-role-of-fsh-receptor-gene-polymorphisms-in-the-prediction-of-ovarian-response-in-patients-undergoing-invitro-fertilization-ivf-treatment(7e2e1b13-a352-4ba4-9463-40dc299cedd2).html.
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Background: The ovarian response to follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulation in assisted conception cycles is variable. Although it would be beneficial to predict accurately the response of patients to FSH, to date no robust predictors of ovarian performance have been identified. Recently, there have been a number of studies on the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the FSH receptor gene and its predictive value in the patients undergoing ovarian stimulation. Several reports have shown that two common SNPs at positions 307 and 680 in exon 10 of the FSH receptor gene are associated with ovarian response in in-vitro fertilization (IVF). Some authors have shown predictability of ovarian response to FSH stimulation in patients with different alleles, while others have refuted this finding. Until now, there is no clear clinical benefit in screening FSHR genotypes before IVF treatment. Objective: 1) To study the association between ovarian response and FSHR gene polymorphisms2) To study the association between FSHR gene polymorphisms and markers of ovarian reserve, including Anti Mullerian Hormone, Antral Follicle Count, Follicle Stimulating Hormone.Design: Prospective observational studyMethodology: 421 patients attending a tertiary reproductive medicine unit undergoing first cycle of IVF treatment were recruited into the study. Blood tests were taken on day 2 or 3 of the cycle for assessment of hormones and for DNA extraction. The SNP genotyping was done using Taqman analysis. Non-parametric tests were done to compare the various outcome parameters in patients with different genotypes.Results: FSHR p.Asn680Ser was not predictive of ovarian response. There was no evidence of any difference in basal FSH, AMH or AFC between the patients with different FSHR genotypes, with or without an adjustment for age or BMI. On subgroup analysis, there was no evidence that FSHR p.Asn680Ser genotypes are associated with PCOS, high AMH levels or response to clomiphene citrate. FSHR gene polymorphism was also not related to oocyte maturity or fertilization rate.Conclusions: FSHR p.Asn680Ser was not shown to be predictive of ovarian response, although clinically relevant differences cannot be ruled out. There may be an effect size but smaller than that detected for the power of this study. Other genetic markers may be relevant in the prediction of response to ovarian stimulation.
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Chan, Wong Edgar Antonio. "Investigation of confined placental mosaicism and aberrant H19/ IGF2 imprinting in pregnancies conceived by in-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI)." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/33832.
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In-vitro fertilization (IVF) and intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) are two of the most common forms of assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) used to treat human infertility. Presently, over two million children have been conceived by ART. The majority of these children are born healthy. However, IVF and ICSI have been associated with increased risks of adverse perinatal health outcomes. The higher risk of low birth weight, intrauterine growth restriction, and small for gestational age are of special concern due to its association with adult-onset diseases. In this thesis project, the effect of ART on the genetic and epigenetic status of the placenta, and their associations with fetal growth restriction are examined.
In the first objective, placentas from IVF and ICSI pregnancies were investigated for the presence of confined placental mosaicism (CPM). Of all cases, CPM was not detected in IVF and ICSI placentas that were appropriate for gestational age (AGA). CPM was not detected in any of the IVF or ICSI cases that were small for gestational age (SGA). By pooling the results from this study, and previous results from this lab, it was determined that the prevalence of CPM in ART pregnancies (3.7%) was higher, but not significant, when compared to the reported literature on natural conceptions (2.22%; p=0.23).
In the second objective of this study, DNA methylation at the imprinting control region 1 (ICR1) of the genes H19 and IGF2, was investigated in the placentas from IVF, ICSI and natural conceptions. SGA pregnancies were also compared to AGA pregnancies. A multiple comparison analysis did not reveal any significant differences in mean DNA methylation levels in IVF, ICSI, or natural conceptions that were AGA or SGA (p=0.49). Although hypomethylation was detected in all groups, they did not appear to bear a significant clinical effect. Hypomethylation was defined as a value of less than 2 standard deviations from the mean methylation value at each CpG site analyzed.
These results demonstrate that placental abnormalities may not be more prevalent in ART conceptions than natural conceptions. Further study of other plausible biological mechanisms in causing adverse perinatal health outcomes in ART is recommended.
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Weiss, Allison R. "Current Views on Creating Families: Adoption, Assisted Reproduction and Family Relationships." Thesis, Boston College, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/437.
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Thesis advisor: Diane Scott-JonesThe purpose of this study was to explore young adults' views on building their future families; methods of having children including adoption, in vitro fertilization (IVF), donor insemination, egg donation, and surrogacy; disclosure of these methods to children; and the importance of children's contact with extended family. The sample consisted of 82 Boston College students, 41 males and 41 females, with a mean age of 20.67 years. Participants completed a questionnaire and an open-ended interview. The majority of the participants expected to have a life-long partner, raise at least one child, and help their children build relationships with extended relatives. Males and females did not differ on most questions; however females reported thinking about their future families more often than did males (p = .01), and females expected to start their families earlier than did males (p = .02). Participants were more open to adoption than to assisted reproduction technology (ART). IVF was the most preferred among the methods of ART (p < .001). Participants reported they would be most likely to disclose information to their child had they used adoption or ART and were the genetic parent. Some participants emphasized the importance of disclose to a child had they used ART and were not the genetic parents; approximately one-fourth of participants affirmed that a child has a right to know. Participants reported it would be easier to answer their children's questions about adoption or ART than to initiate a discussion on these topics with their children (p < .001). The majority of participants reported that it was important to help their children build connections with extended family and they planned to accomplish this through visiting and preserving family traditions. The findings provide insight into young adults' expectations for creating their families
Thesis (BA) — Boston College, 2003
Submitted to: Boston College. College of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Psychology
Discipline: College Honors Program
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Sidibe, Djene. "Att leva i hopp och förtvivlan -kvinnors upplevelse av ofrivillig barnlöshet efter misslyckade försök att bli mamma : litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2876.
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Infertilitet är ett relativt vanligt hälsoproblem i dagens samhälle. Infertilitet kan uppstå som resultat av en sjukdom där en störning av reproduktiva kroppsfunktioner hindrar uppkomsten av en graviditet och födsel av ett barn. Flertalet kvinnor som senarelägger starten på barnafödandet löper en större risk att drabbas av primär och sekundär infertilitet. Barnlöshet går inte alltid att förebygga och alla kvinnor som önskar att få barn kan inte alltid få barn. Syftet med det här arbetet var att belysa kvinnors upplevelse av ofrivillig barnlöshet efter misslyckade försök att bli mamma. Litteraturöversikt är den metod som har valts för att besvara syftet med det här arbetet. Integrerad analys är den dataanalysmetod som har används. Resultatet visar att isolering från omgivningen är vanlig förekommande bland kvinnor som är ofrivilligt barnlösa. Ofrivilligt barnlösa kvinnor kunde uppleva sin kropp som ett hinder för konception, vilket gav dem känslan av att vara ofullständiga i jämförelse med andra kvinnor. Sorgen över barnlösheten var ständigt närvarande hos kvinnorna. När kvinnorna accepterar sin situation som barnlös sker en personlig mognad och de börjar lägga fokus på sig själva och mål som är uppnåbara. Slutsatsen som framkommer i det här arbetet är att kvinnorna i den här litteraturöversikten oavsett kulturell bakgrund har liknande upplevelser i sin längtan efter ett barn. Att vara ofrivillig barnlös är en stor påfrestning för den som är drabbad. Det är av stor vikt att ofrivilligt barnlösa kvinnor erbjuds emotionellt stöd under sorgeprocessen som följer barnlösheten samt att stötta dem att identifiera strategier för att hantera sorgen.
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Sadruddin, Sheela. "Optimization of In Vitro Mammalian Blastocyst Development: Assessment of Culture Conditions, Ovarian Stimulation and Experimental Micro-Manipulation." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1157514/.
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Factors currently at the forefront of human in vitro fertilization (IVF) that collectively influence treatment success in the form of blastocysts development were investigated during early mammalian embryology with concentration on infertile patients presenting with diminished ovarian reserve or preliminary ovarian failure. A novel experimental technique, Graft Transplant-Embryonic Stem Cells (GT-ESC) was introduced in the mouse model, as the first inclusive approach for embryo selection in IVF treatments resulting in successful graft integration of sibling cells, stage-dependent (day 4) blastocysts. E-Cadherin-catenin bonds play an integral role in trophectoderm cell viability and calcium removal, inducing disruption of cell-to-cell bonds at the blastocyst stage was detrimental to continued blastocyst development. One of the leading methods for embryo selection for uterine transfer in human IVF is application of pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) methods such as next generation sequencing (NGS). Female patients <35 y do not benefit from this treatment when outcome is measured by presence of fetal heart beats at 10 weeks of gestation. Patients 35-37 y benefit from PGS with no significant difference of outcome based on form of PGS method utilized. Therefore, small nucleotide polymorphism array (snp-array) or targeted-NGS should be selected for this age range to lessen the financial burden of the patient. Embryos from women >40 y have a higher rate of mosaic cell lines which can be detected by NGS. Therefore NGS is most beneficial for women >40 y. Additionally, ovarian stimulation of the patient during human IVF can notably influence outcome. Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) is a more conducive indicator of blastocysts development per treatment compared to basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH). Actionable variables included in a decision tree analysis determined a negative influence (0% success, n=11) of high dose gonadotropin use (>3325 IUs) in good prognosis patients (>12 mature follicles at trigger, AMH >3.15 ng/mL). A positive relationship exists (80% success, n=11) between poor responders (AMH <1.78 ng/mL, <12 mature follicles at trigger) and high dose gonadotropin use (>3025 IUs). Utilizing the decision tree during IVF treatment can be beneficial to treatment success. Moreover, a parallel relationship of the fundamental principles of culture medium pH, pCO2 and pO2 was found with respect to blastocyst development. Human infertility patients' gametes predisposed to primary stressors (i.e., age, genetics and etiology) are negatively impacted (~30% success, n=7) for cleavage stage (day 3) embryo development when primary culture medium has pCO2 <30mmHg given age >31 y and <14 oocytes retrieved. When day 3 embryo development is measured at >65% good quality embryos per treatment (based on SART grading criteria), blastocysts development success is highest when secondary culture medium pO2 is 69-88 mmHg (~90% success, n=12). Thus, IVF treatment outcome can be optimized with utilization of predictive model analyses in the form of decision trees providing greater success for the IVF laboratories, ultimately decreasing the emotional and financial burden to infertility patients.
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Doyo, Kader. "A prospective randomized study to compare Nidoil and Ovoil cultur oils used to culture human embryos in IVF therapy." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för kvinnors och barns hälsa, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-349013.
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Background: Since the initiation of assisted reproduction techniques, several studies has been performed to improve treatment results by development of culture conditions like embryo oil and culture media used. In this study, two embryonic oils from different companies, Nidoil and Ovoil were examined.Method: In this study, 47 human embryos were used. All embryos were donated for research purposes by couples who had been treated at the clinic in Uppsala University Hospital. The embryos were divided into two groups, one group was cultured with Ovoil and the other with Nidoil.Results: There was no difference between the two oils, the embryo quality was the same in both groups.CONCLUSION: The result was expected because both oils had the same composition and purity.
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Mumford, Karen Rose. "The Stress Response, Psychoeducational Interventions and Assisted Reproduction Technology Treatment Outcomes: A Meta-Analytic Review." [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/SFE0000495.
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Corley-Newman, Antoinette. "The Relationship Between Infertility, Infertility Treatment, Psychological Interventions, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/2805.
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The number of women diagnosed as infertile continues to grow every year. The psychological impact of the infertility experience has been said to create distress equivalent to that associated with life-threatening illnesses and has been linked with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Using shattered assumption and stress-buffering theory, this quantitative causal comparative study explored the potential functional relationship between infertility and PTSD. The majority of the (all-female) participants were 24- to 34-year-old college graduates. A 2 X 3 factorial between-subjects ANOVA examined and compared the cause and effect of the independent variables, fertility treatment and psychological intervention, on the dependent variable, PTSD. A multiple linear regression was conducted to understand PTSD symptomology scores. The results revealed that the type of infertility treatment does not impact PTSD symptomatology in medically diagnosed women. However, the main effect of psychological treatment was significant, as was infertility treatment by psychological treatment interaction. Additionally, the impact of fertility problems on the participant's physical health was the highest ranking predictor, which suggests that stress levels in women receiving infertility treatment are equivalent to those in women with cancer, AIDS, and heart disease, as suggested by other researchers. This study has implications for positive social change, in that it may promote better understanding of the psychological impact of infertility and decreased PTSD symptomatology for medically diagnosed infertile women. It opens the door for future research about the effectiveness of psychological intervention, and provides awareness of possible PTSD susceptibility.
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Bechtejew, Tatiana Nascimbem. "Clomifeno e letrozol para estimulação ovariana controlada em técnicas de reprodução assistida: revisão sistematizada e meta-análise." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17145/tde-26042018-141448/.
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Objetivo: Avaliar as evidências disponíveis comparando a eficácia da estimulação ovariana (EO) com uso de citrato de clomifeno (CC) e/ ou letrozol (LTZ) para reduzir o consumo de FSH, em relação à estimulação ovariana padrão (EOP). Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão sistematizada e meta-análise de ensaios clínicos randomizados (ECRs) que compararam os desfechos reprodutivos na fertilização in vitro. As buscas foram realizadas em onze bancos de dados eletrônicos e avaliamos manualmente a lista de referência dos estudos incluídos e revisões similares. Nós estratificamos os resultados separando os estudos baseados no agente oral utilizado (CC ou LTZ) e nas características da mulher incluída (em que se espera e em que não se espera má resposta ovariana). Os desfechos avaliados foram risco relativo (RR) para nascimento vivo, gravidez clínica, aborto, e taxa de cancelamento de ciclo, Peto Odds Ratio (OR) para síndrome de hiperestímulo ovariano (SHO), e diferença média (MD) para número de óocitos captados e consumo de FSH (ampolas). Resultados: Foram incluídos 22 estudos nesta revisão. Considerando o grupo de mulheres em que se espera má resposta, a evidência sugere que o uso de CC durante a estimulação ovariana resulta em similares taxas de nascidos vivos (RR= 0,9, IC95% = 0,6 a 1,2, evidência de moderada qualidade) e de gravidez clínica (RR= 1,0, IC95% = 0,8 a 1,4, evidência de moderada qualidade); o uso de LTZ não causa alteração significativa no número de oócitos captados (MD= -0,4, IC95% = -0,9 a +0,1, evidência de alta qualidade). Considerando os estudos que avaliaram mulheres em que não se esperava má resposta, a evidência sugere que o uso de CC reduz o número de oócitos captados (MD= -4,6, IC95%= -6,1 a -3,0, evidência de alta qualidade) e o risco de SHO (Peto OR= 0,2, IC95%= 0,1 a 0,3, evidência de moderada qualidade), enquanto os resultados são semelhantes para taxas de nascidos vivos (RR= 0,9, IC 95% = 0,7 a 1,1, evidência de moderada qualidade) e de gravidez clínica (RR= 1,0, IC95% = 0,9 a 1,2, evidência de alta qualidade). Para os demais desfechos a qualidade das evidências foi baixa ou muito baixa. Conclusões: A utilização de CC em mulheres em que se espera má resposta tem a vantagem de alcançar resultados reprodutivos semelhantes com redução dos custos. Para as demais mulheres, o uso do CC tem a vantagem adicional de reduzir o risco de SHO, mas também reduz o número de oócitos captados. Mais estudos seriam necessários para avaliar o efeito do LTZ com o mesmo propósito. Estudos futuros devem ter como objetivo estudar a taxa de gravidez cumulativa por oócito captado, insatisfação da paciente e aceitação para repetir o ciclo se não engravidar, que são dados importantes para a tomada de decisões clínicas.Objective: To assess the available evidence comparing effectiveness of ovarian stimulation (OS) using clomiphene citrate (CC) and/or letrozole (LTZ) for reducing FSH consumption compared with standard OS. Methods: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that compared the reproductive outcomes following in vitro fertilization. We searched eleven electronic databases and hand-searched the reference list of included studies and related reviews. We stratified the results separating the studies depending on the oral agent (CC or LTZ) and on the characteristics of the included women (expected poor ovarian response or other women). When combining the results of included studies, we assessed the relative risk (RR) for live birth, clinical pregnancy, miscarriage, and cycle cancelation, Peto Odds Ratio (OR) for OHSS, and mean difference (MD) for the number of oocytes retrieved and FSH consumption. Results: A total of 22 studies were included in this review. Considering women with expected poor ovarian response, the available evidence suggests that using CC for reducing FSH consumption during OS provide similar live birth (RR=0.9, 95%CI=0.6-1.2, moderate quality evidence) and clinical pregnancy rates (RR=1.0, 95%CI=0.8-1.4, moderate quality evidence); the use of LTZ doesn\'t cause a relevant change on the number of oocytes retrieved (MD=-0.4, 95%CI= -0.9 to +0.1, high quality evidence). Considering the studies evaluating other women, the available evidence suggests that using CC for reducing FSH consumption during OS reduces the number of oocytes retrieved (MD=-4.6, 95%CI=-6.1 to -3.0, high quality evidence) and the risk of OHSS (Peto OR=0.2, 95%CI=0.1-0.3, moderate quality evidence), while results in similar live birth (RR=0.9, 95%CI=0.7-1.1, moderate quality evidence) and clinical pregnancy rates (RR=1.0, 95%CI=0.9-1.2, high quality evidence). The quality of the evidence was low or very low for the other outcomes. Conclusion: The use of CC for reducing FSH consumption in women with expected poor ovarian response has the advantage of providing similar reproductive outcomes with reduced costs. For the other women, the use of CC for reducing FSH consumption has the additional advantage of reducing OHSS, but also reduces the total number of oocytes retrieved. More studies are necessary to evaluate the effect of LTZ for the same purpose. Future studies should aim on cumulative pregnancy per oocyte retrieval, patient dissatisfaction and agreement to repeat the cycle if not pregnant; which are important outcomes for clinical decisions.
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Mignin, Erin Nicole. "Embryonic Policies: Reproductive Technology and Federal Regulation." Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1354301736.
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McCarrey, Sariah Cottrell. "Personhood and Cloning: Modern Applications and Ethics of Stem Cell and Cloning Technology." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4170.
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Within many communities and religions, including the LDS community, there is some controversy surrounding the use of stem cells – particularly embryonic stem cells (ESC). Much of this controversy arises from confusion and misconceptions about what stem cells actually are, where they come from , and when life begins. The theology of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has interesting implications for the last of these considerations, and it becomes less a question of “when does life begin” and more an exploration of “when does personhood begin” or “when does the spirit enter the body.” With no official Church stance, statements from Church leaders vary on this topic, and this first section of the thesis explores the philosophical and practical meaning of personhood with a biological background intended for those not familiar with the origin or uses of stem cells.The second portion of the thesis explores possible cloning technologies. Recent events and advances address the possibility of cloning endangered and extinct species. The ethics of these types of cloning have considerations uniquely different from the type of cloning commonly practiced. Cloning of cheetahs (and other endangered or vulnerable species) may be ethically appropriate, given certain constraints. However, the ethics of cloning extinct species varies; for example, cloning mammoths and Neanderthals is more ethically problematic than conservation cloning, and requires more attention. Cloning Neanderthals in particular is likely unethical and such a project should not be undertaken. It is important to discuss and plan for the constraints necessary to mitigate the harms of conservation and extinct cloning, and it is imperative that scientific and public discourse enlighten and guide actions in the sphere of cloning.
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Zavala, González Gloría Patricia. "NO DIFFERENCE IN MATURATION CAPACITY, IN VITRO FERTILIZATION AND PREGNANT RATE OF OOCYTES OBTAINED BY ULTRASOUND-GUIDED OVUM PICK-UP FROM PREGNANT DAIRY COWS AND HEIFERS." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/94352.
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Several lines of evidence assign to the ovarian follicular microenvironment the disparity
between the fertility of dairy cows and heifers. This work evaluated the difference in
maturation and subsequent embryonic development and pregnancy rate of oocytes from
pregnant cows and heifers, during the spring season in a hot-desert weather location in
Mexico. The oocytes were obtained from 112 ovum pickup technique (OPU) sessions, from
Holstein pregnant cows, which were transported and maturated for 24 hoursusing a
shipping and maturation commercial medium (SMM), fertilized and incubated in vitro
(IVP-ET) evaluating number of oocytes obtained and embryoproduction. In the same way,
oocytes obtained from 39 OPUsessions, from Holstein pregnant heifers, were exposed to
the same protocol as the cows, and compared embryoproduction. Sexed frozen semen was
used for both experiments. The 113 embryos obtained from cows and heifers were
transferred, until reaching gestation diagnostic at day 45. Results showed significant
differences in the number of oocytes obtained between cows of second and third lactation;
however, no difference was shown among the number of embryos produced. While, for
development of matured, fertilized and cultured oocytes, there was only significant
difference in cows of second lactation, however, there was not an influence on the
pregnancy rates. Although, the cleavage rate was higher for the group of heifers (63.5%),
no difference was observed between groups. Also the pregnancy rate of transferred
embryos, showed no difference between groups. We conclude that the number of recovered
oocytes, the rate of cleavage, oocyte maturation and embryonic development through the OPU technique in pregnant dairy cattle are similar to what is obtained from pregnant
heifers
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Troude, Pénélope. "Devenir à long terme de couples traités par fécondation in vitro dans la cohorte DAIFI." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00933360.
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Les études sur les couples traités par fécondation in vitro (FIV) ont jusqu'à présent porté essentiellement sur l'évaluation du succès en FIV. Très peu de données sont disponibles sur le devenir à long terme de couples traités par FIV. L'objectif de ce travail était d'estimer la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental à long terme, et d'étudier les facteurs associés aux interruptions précoces des traitements et aux naissances naturelles.L'enquête DAIFI-2009 a inclus 6 507 couples ayant débuté un programme de FIV en 2000-2002 dans l'un des 8 centres de FIV participant à l'étude. Les données médicales des couples et leur parcours dans le centre ont été obtenus à partir des dossiers médicaux des centres de FIV pour tous les couples. L'information sur le devenir des couples après le départ du centre a été obtenue par questionnaire postal auprès des couples en 2008-2009 (38% de participation 7 à 9 ans après l'initiation des FIV). L'étude des facteurs associés à la participation à l'enquête postale suggérait que la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental estimée sur les répondants seulement pourrait être biaisée. Les différentes méthodes mises en œuvre pour corriger la non réponse (pondération, imputation multiple) n'ont pas modifié l'estimation de la fréquence de réalisation du projet parental. Au total, 7 à 9 ans après l'initiation des FIV, 60% des couples ont réalisé leur projet parental de façon biologique, suite à un traitement ou suite à une conception naturelle. Lorsque les adoptions sont aussi prises en compte, 71% des couples ont réalisé leur projet parental. Après l'échec d'une première tentative de FIV, un couple sur 4 (26%) a interrompu les FIV dans le centre d'inclusion. Globalement, les couples avec de mauvais facteurs pronostiques ont un plus grand risque d'interrompre les FIV. Cependant, la proportion plus importante d'interruption parmi les couples avec une origine inexpliquée de l'infécondité pourrait s'expliquer par la survenue plus fréquente de naissance naturelle dans ce sous-groupe de couples. Parmi les couples n'ayant pas eu d'enfant suite aux traitements, 24% ont ensuite conçu naturellement en médiane 28 mois après l'initiation des FIV. Parmi les couples ayant eu un enfant suite aux traitements, 17% ont ensuite conçu naturellement en médiane 33 mois après la naissance de l'enfant conçu par AMP. Les facteurs associés aux naissances naturelles sont des indicateurs d'un meilleur pronostic de fertilité, particulièrement chez les couples sans enfant AMP.L'enquête DAIFI-2009 a permis d'apporter des informations sur le parcours à long terme des couples traités par FIV qui n'avait jusqu'à présent été que peu étudié, souvent sur de faibles effectifs et avec un suivi plus court. Ces résultats doivent apporter de l'espoir aux couples inféconds, puisque la majorité d'entre eux ont finalement réalisé leur projet parental, même si cela peut prendre de nombreuses années.
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Cochini, Alexandra. "L’expérience d’une assistance médicale à la procréation : « à corps et désaccords » : étude psychopathologique des femmes infertiles en parcours de fécondation in vitro ou de don d’ovocytes." Thesis, Paris 10, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA100128.
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Cette thèse de psychopathologie psychanalytique est une réflexion théorico-clinique sur l'expérience d'une assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), et plus particulièrement sur l’état psychologique des femmes infertiles en parcours de fécondation in vitro (FIV) et de don d'ovocytes. Cette recherche a pour but d'évaluer la psychopathologie de ces femmes et les éventuels remaniements psychiques qu'impose ce mode de procréation. L’hypothèse générale de cette étude soutient l’idée qu’il existe des particularités dans le fonctionnement psychique des femmes infertiles qui diffèrent selon que les femmes ont recours à une FIV ou à un don d’ovocytes. La méthodologie repose sur la base d'entretiens semi-directifs, de questionnaires et de tests projectifs (Rorschach et TAT) et l'analyse du matériel recueilli s'appuie sur la théorie psychanalytique. Les résultats montrent que ces femmes souffrent d’une blessure psychique qui est à mettre en lien avec le vécu d’une castration réelle de leur féminité dans sa valence maternelle châtrée. Les femmes infertiles se trouvent sous l’emprise de l’objet primaire et leur fonctionnement mental se caractérise par une pensée opératoire défensive. De plus, le recours à une FIV ou à un don d’ovocytes suscite des aménagements psychiques, notamment en termes de représentations maternelles, qui apparaissent spécifiques au type d’AMP. Enfin, l’AMP amène les couples à érotiser les interventions médicales conduisant notamment à un remaniement des théories sexuelles infantiles et à une reconstruction des fantasmes originairesThis thesis psychoanalytic psychopathology is a reflection on the theoretical and clinical experience of medical assistance to procreation (MAP), and more particularly on the psychological status of infertile women in course of in vitro fertilization (IVF) and oocyte donation. This research aims to assess the psychopathology of these women and the possible psychological changes imposed by this mode of procreation. The general hypothesis of this study is as follows: there are specific aspects in the psychic functioning of infertile women, these characteristics differ between women using IVF or oocyte donation. The methodology is based on semi-directive interviews, questionnaires and projective tests (Rorschach and TAT) and analysis of collected material is based on psychoanalytic theory. The results show that these women suffer psychological injury that is to be linked with the experience of a real castration of their femininity in its valence maternal castrated. Infertile women are under the mastery of the primary object and mental functioning is characterized by a defensive operational thought. In addition, the use of IVF or oocyte donation leads to psychic adjustments, particularly in terms of maternal representations that appear specific to the type of MAP. Finally, MAP brings couples to eroticize medical interventions leading a redesign of infantile sexual theories and a reconstruction of primal fantasies
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Bruckner, Michael. "Biofluid Mechanics Of Embryo Transfer." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LYO10159.
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Cette thèse porte sur l'étude du comportement hydrodynamique d'un embryon lors de la procédure de transfert suivant la fécondation in-vitro. Un couple sur six fait l'expérience de problèmes d'infertilité. Aujourd'hui 5 millions de nourrissons sont nés depuis la première fécondation in-vitro en 1978. En 2009, 1.5 millions de cycles de Procréation Médicalement Assistée étaient débutés, donnant ainsi naissance à350 000 nourrissons de par le monde. Le nombre de cycle est en constante augmentation de 5 à 10 % par an et le nombre de cycle de PMA pourrait être proche de 4 millions à l'horizon 2020. Bien que l'étape de fertilisation soit maintenant bien maitrisée avec 80% de réussite, l'étape finale du transfert d'embryon dans la cavité intra-utérine reste une étape critique puisque seulement 25% des cycles mènent à une grossesse viable. Bien que chaque cycle soit couteux, aucun protocole spécifique, optimisé, et indépendant de l'opérateur n'a encore été mis au point. Dans cette thèse, nous nous proposons de démontrer dans un premier temps l'intérêt et la faisabilité d'une approche de bio ingénierie. En effet, bien que l'issue de transfert dépende de nombreux facteurs chimiques et physiologiques, cette étape cruciale peut aussi être étudiée d'un point de vue mécanique des fluides. Cette étape peut être décomposée en plusieurs sous-étapes : l'introduction du cathéter dans la cavité intra utérine, l'injection du fluide medium contenant un ou plusieurs embryons, et le retrait du cathéter. On peut dégager plusieurs paramètres d'importance comme la viscosité des fluides, la vitesse d'injection, la vitesse de retrait du cathéter, le schéma de chargement du cathéter, et les géométries de la cavité et du cathéter. Dans une deuxième partie, nous nous intéressons à la structure des écoulements de fluides intra-uterins au moment de l'injection. L'influence des paramètres constitutifs d'importance est étudiée grâce à un code de calcul résolvant les équations de Navier-Stokes dans une géométrie tri-dimensionnelle idéalisée. Une étude des trajectographies potentielles des embryons est également réalisée et mis en relation directe avec les zones d'implantation optimales et à risques. A l'issue de ces calculs, nous sommes en mesure de proposer des recommandations à l'usage des cliniciens pratiquant le transfert d'embryon. La dernière partie de la thèse est une ouverture vers les méthodes numériquesnécessaires à l'appréhension des phénomènes d'interaction fluide/structure à l'échelle de l'embryon. L'embryon est en effet soumis à des contraintes potentiellement destructrices au moment du transfert qu'il ne nous est pas possible de définir précisément _à l'_échelle de l'utérus. Dans l'optique du développement d'un modèle mécanique d'un blastocyste pour déterminer les paramètres procéduraux minimisant les contraintes, nous présentons l'implémentation de deux méthodes numériques de type Eulerienne-Eulerienne. La première est une méthode level-set dans un code en volumes finis et bénéficiant de raffinement de maillage automatique. La seconde concerne une méthode phase-field basée sur un formalisme éléments finis de type Galerkin discontinuThis thesis focuses on the study of the hydrodynamic behavior of an embryo during the transfer process following the in vitro fertilization. Worldwide, one in six couples experiences infertility problems. Today, 5 millions babies are born from an in-vitro fertilization since the first one in 1978. In 2009, 1.5 millions Assisted Reproductive Technology cycles have been started, resulting in 350 000 births. The total number of cycles per year is constantly increasing (from 5 to 10 %), and the number of ART cycles is believed to reach 4 millions per year in 2020. Although the fertilization step is now fairly mastered with a 80% success rate, the final stage consisting in the embryo transfer into the uterine cavity remains a critical step, since only 25% of the cycles lead to a live birth. Even though every cycle is expensive, no specific, optimized and operator-independent protocol has been developed yet. In this thesis, we first demonstrate the interest and the feasibility of a bio-engineering approach. Indeed, although the issue of the transfer depends on numerous chemical and physiological factors, this crucial step can also be studied from a fluid mechanical point of view. This step can be divided in several sub-steps : introduction of the catheter in the intra-uterine cavity, injection of the medium fluid containing one or several embryos, and the withdrawal of the catheter. One can identify several important parameters such as fluids viscosity, injections speeds, catheter withdrawal speed, catheter loading scheme and the geometries of the uterine cavity and the catheter. In a second part, we focus on the fluid ow patterns inside the uterine cavity during the injection. The influence of the system parameters is studied thanks to a computational solving of the Navier-Stokes equations in an idealized three-dimensional uterine cavity. A study of the potential trajectories of the embryos is also conducted and confronted against the location of optimal implantation zones but also risky zones. As the outcome of these computations, we are able to propose recommendations for physicians practicing embryo transfers. In the last part of the thesis, we discuss numerical methods for the fluid{structure interaction study of embryo transfer. The embryo is indeed submitted to potentially destructive stress constraints at injection time that we are not capable of defining precisely at the scale of the uterine cavity. With the aim of developing a mechanical model for the blastocyst to determine system parameters minimizing the constraints, we present the implementation of two Eulerian numerical methods. The first one is a fluid-structure level set method in a finite volume code benefiting from an automatic mesh refinement feature. The second one addresses a phase field method based on a Discontinuous Galerkin finite element formalism
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Brodin, Thomas. "Ovarian Reserve and Assisted Reproduction." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala universitet, Obstetrik & gynekologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-192998.
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Treatment success in IVF-ICSI is mainly limited by female age, but differences in ovarian reserve (OR; the remaining pool of oocytes and their quality) between individuals modify treatment prerequisites among women of similar age. OR may be assessed by OR tests (ORTs). The main aims of this work were to study menstrual cycle length (MCL), basal levels of circulating gonadotrophins, antral follicle count (AFC) and serum Anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) levels and their associations with and prognostic capacities regarding IVF-ICSI outcome in large cohorts of unselected women. Age-adjusted MCL was positively and linearly associated with pregnancy rates (PRs), live-birth rates (LBRs) and ovarian response to controlled ovarian hyperstimulation. An MCL of >34 days almost doubled the LBR compared with an MCL of <26 days. The grouped variable ‘combined FSH and LH levels’ was superior to both individual gonadotrophin levels and the LH:FSH ratio. The highest mean PR was seen in connection with a combination of FSH <6.7 U/l with LH >4.9 U/l; PRs were lowest when FSH-LH levels were opposite to this (high-low) and intermediate when FSH-LH levels were low-low or high-high. Associations with LBR and ovarian response were similar as those for PR. AFCs and serum AMH levels were positively and log-linearly associated with PR, LBR and ovarian response. Success rates levelled out above AFC 30 or AMH 5 ng/ml. Treatment outcome was superior among women with polycystic ovaries. Among the studied ORTs, logAFC and logAMH concentration correlated most strongly. After multivariate testing, entering all studied ORTs, AMH and female age remained independently associated with LBR. AMH + AFC + age predicted both poor and excessive ovarian responses with high accuracy. Adjusting for age and oocyte yield, all ORTs remained significant for LBR, implying that ORTs also capture information on oocyte quality. In conclusion, measures of OR are strongly associated with PR, LBR and ovarian response in a log-linear fashion, and partly reflect oocyte quality. The OR spectrum is continuous, from small ‘oligofollicular’ ovaries (the low extreme) to polycystic ovaries (the high extreme). Among the studied ORTs, AMH together with age provide the most powerful basal estimate for IVF/ICSI outcome.
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Fleming, Charlotte F. "Possible mechanisms of subfertility : epidemiological studies of in vitro fertilisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.390337.
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Siano, Linda J. "Intracytoplasmic sperm injection overcomes previous fertilization failure with conventional in vitro fertilization /." View abstract, 2000. http://library.ctstateu.edu/ccsu%5Ftheses/1600.html.
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Thesis (M.A.)--Central Connecticut State University, 2000.Thesis advisor: Kathy Martin. " ... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Biological Sciences." Includes bibliographical references (leaves 23-27).
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Joels, Lisa Anne. "The predictive value of sperm assessment prior to in vitro fertilisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 2000. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.310655.
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Cheng, Winston Teng-Kuei. "In vitro fertilization of farm animal oocytes." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1985. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.354475.
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Ben, Messaoud Khaoula. "Etude du recours, de l’accès et de l’abandon des traitements de l’infertilité à partir des données du Système National des Données de Santé Infertility Treatment in France, 2008–2017: A Challenge of Growing Treatment Needs at Older Ages." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASR014.
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Plus de 50 millions de couples souffrent d’infertilité dans le monde. Dans les pays développés, la progression de l’infertilité est due principalement au report de l’âge à la parentalité. La prise en charge de l’infertilité se décompose en deux grandes étapes : les traitements d’induction de l’ovulation et les techniques d’assistance médicale à la procréation (AMP), qui sont respectivement les traitements de première et de seconde intention. Les traitements d’AMP sont relativement bien connus alors que les inductions de l’ovulation restent peu explorées du fait de l’absence de sources de données pour les étudier. L’objectif est d’étudier les traitements de l’infertilité en considérant à la fois les traitements d’induction de l’ovulation et les traitements d’AMP. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé les données de l’assurance maladie française qui sont aujourd’hui accessibles à la recherche, notamment via l’échantillon généraliste des bénéficiaires (EGB) et le Datamart de Consommation Inter-Régime (DCIR). Notre objectif se décline en trois axes. Axe 1 : En France un couple 1 sur 4 ne parvient pas à obtenir une grossesse après 12 mois d’essai. Mais quelle est la proportion de femmes traitées pour infertilité ? Le recours global aux traitements de l’infertilité est méconnu en France et dans le monde. Nous avons mesuré le recours annuel aux traitements de l’infertilité. Chaque année, entre 2008 et 2017, 1,25% des femmes de 20-49 ans ont été traitées pour infertilité en France.Derrière un taux très stable sur la décennie, se cache une augmentation de 24% du recours chez les femmes de 34 ans et plus. Axe 2 : Les coûts des traitements de l’infertilité sont pris en charge à 100 % par l’assurance maladie en France. Cependant, la littérature internationale suggère l’existence possible d’un non-accès à l’AMP, même en cas de couverture des coûts. Dans notre étude, nous avons mis en évidence que 70% des femmes en échec d’induction de l’ovulation n’accédaient pas à la FIV. Le désavantage social, la défavorisation de la zone de résidence, les âges jeunes et les âges avancés augmentent le risque de non-accès à la FIV. Axe 3 : Le dernier axe aborde l’abandon précoce des traitements d’infertilité (durant le premier trimestre suivant l’initiation de l’induction de l’ovulation). Le taux d’abandon précoce de l’induction de l’ovulation a été estimé à 30%. Une analyse stratifiée sur le type d’inducteur et de prescripteur a mis en évidence qu’une bonne prise en charge ou suivi diminuent les risques d’abandon tandis que l’âge avancé augmente ce risque. Par ailleurs, il existe une forte interaction entre le type d’inducteur et de prescripteur et la prise charge. La question des inégalités sociales est souvent un angle mort de la prise en charge de l’infertilité qu’il apparaît essentiel d’investiguer dans de nouvelles recherchesMore than 50 million couples suffer from infertility worldwide. The increase of infertility in developed countries is mainly due to postponing the age of parenthood. Two main stages in the infertility care pathway can be identified: ovulation induction treatments and assisted reproductive technology (ART), which are respectively the first and second-line treatments. ART is relatively well-known, while ovulation induction remains unexplored due to the lack of available data sources. This dissertation explores infertility treatments by considering both ovulation induction and ART, using. the French National Health Insurance Database, recently opened to research. In particular, we used the general sample of beneficiaries (EGB) and the Inter-Regime Consumption Datamart (DCIR). We achieved our objective by focusing on three axes. Axis 1: In France, one in four couples fails to achieve pregnancy after 12 months of trying, but what is the proportion of women treated for infertility? The overall use of infertility treatment is unknown in France and around the world. Among women aged 20–49, 1.25% were treated for infertility between 2008 and 2017. The stability of infertility treatment use over the decade conceals an increase of 24% in use among women aged 34 and over. Axis 2: In France, infertility treatment costs are fully covered by the national health insurance. However, international publications have suggested the existence of barriers to accessing ART, even in context of free treatment. In our study, we estimated that 70% of women for whom ovulation induction treatment was not successful did not have access to IVF. We show that social disadvantage, deprivation in the area of residence, young ages and advanced ages increase the risk of non-access to IVF. Axis 3: The final axis deals with the early discontinuation of ovulation induction (in the first semester following initiation of ovulation induction). The rate of early discontinuation was estimated to be 30%. A stratified analysis of the type of, the ovulation inductors used and the prescriber showed that good management or monitoring of infertility care reduces the risk of early discontinuation, while advanced age increases this risk. There is also a strong interaction between the type of ovulation inductors and prescriber and management or monitoring of infertility care. The issue of social inequalities is often a blind spot in infertility care that appears essential to investigate in future research
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Jones, Christopher A. "Economic evaluation of alternative embryo transfer policies in in vitro fertilisation (IVF)." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.426399.
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Gharani, Pedram. "Modeling spatial accessibility for in-vitro fertility (IVF) care services in Iowa." Thesis, University of Iowa, 2014. https://ir.uiowa.edu/etd/1459.
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McKenna, Erin N. "Embryonic policies the stunted development of in vitro fertilization in the United States, 1975-1992 /." Connect to this title online, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1143490658.
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Ojala, Petra, and Emelie Svensson. "Ett förlorat ögonblick : Kvinnors upplevelser under IVF-behandlingen." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Institutionen för Vårdvetenskap, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-20886.
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Ungefär vart femte par i fertil ålder drabbas av ofrivillig barnlöshet och många av dem genomgår då in vitro-fertilisering (IVF). Infertilitet och IVF- behandling kan leda till att upplevelsen av sig själv och sitt förhållningssätt till andra förändras och detta kan medföra ett lidande för kvinnorna. Antalet IVF behandlingar ökar för varje år och syftet med examensarbetet är att belysa kvinnors upplevelse under IVF- behandling. Genom en ökad kunskap kan vårdpersonal på ett mer tillfredställande sätt möta kvinnor som genomgår fertilitetsbehandlingar och minska deras lidande. Den valda metoden är en kvalitativ innehållsanalys och litteraturen är begränsad till självbiografier, som ger en mer detaljrik inblick i kvinnornas livsvärld. Resultatet är sammanställt efter en analys av fyra biografier och bygger på fyra huvudteman, ”Att förlora kontrollen”, ”Relationen till andra”, ”Ett intrång i kroppen” och ”Väntan”. Behandlingen medförde en stor psykisk och fysisk påfrestning för kvinnorna. De upplevde en kontrollförlust då IVF blev deras identitet och att kontrollen över den egna kroppen och känslolivet delvis gick förlorad. Kvinnornas relation till andra påverkades negativt, särskilt relationen till den egna partnern då samlivet förändrades. Vidare fanns det moment under behandlingen som kvinnor upplevde som ett intrång i den egna kroppen och som i de flesta fall var förenat med smärta och obehag. Det som upplevdes som mest påfrestande var väntan efter att ett embryo förts tillbaka till kvinnan och tills det att ett graviditetstest kunde göras, och utfallet av behandlingen konstateras. Upplevelsen av behandlingen är sammankopplad med upplevelsen av infertilitet och det uppstod stundtals svårigheter att skilja dessa åt. Resultatet visade att vårdpersonalen kunde göra skillnad för kvinnornas upplevelse av behandlingen genom att visa engagemang och medmänsklig kärlek.Program: Sjuksköterskeutbildning
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Deonandan, Raywat S. "In vitro fertilization, risk factors and realistic outcomes." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/NQ58205.pdf.
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Dayan, Natalie. "Obesity and preeclampsia in in-vitro fertilization pregnancies." Thesis, McGill University, 2014. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=121135.
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Background: Obese and overweight women are frequent users of in-vitro fertilization (IVF) owing to the association between increased body mass index (BMI) and infertility. Policies that impose BMI restrictions for access to IVF exist in some countries, based on limited evidence suggesting that obese women experience reduced IVF success rates. However, there is a paucity of data on the frequency and risk of preeclampsia in the obese IVF population. More data would help inform such policies. Objectives: (i) To evaluate the respective effects of an elevated BMI (> 25 kg/m2) and the use of IVF on the risk of preeclampsia; (ii) to assess whether the risk of preeclampsia associated with an elevated BMI is different between twins and singletons; and (iii) to assess whether the effect of elevated BMI is modified by IVF treatment. Methods: The study population originated from a cohort of births delivered at the Royal Victoria Hospital in Montreal, Canada recorded between 2001 and 2008 in the McGill Obstetric and Neonatal Database (MOND). Associations were investigated with descriptive statistics, univariate and multivariate logistic regressions. We assessed effect modification by comparing observed to expected combined effects of a raised BMI and IVF treatment on preeclampsia. Results: Preeclampsia complicated 4.4% of pregnancies. There was an increased risk of preeclampsia among overweight and obese mothers (adjusted OR 3.1, 95% CI 2.5, 3.7). IVF treatment did not confer a heightened risk of preeclampsia in multivariate analyses (adjusted OR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7, 1.5). There was heterogeneity of the effect of BMI in singletons vs. multiples. There was evidence for synergism between IVF and obesity among singletons. Conclusions: Our study confirms the strong association between high BMI and preeclampsia. Despite a null effect of IVF on its own, obese women with singleton pregnancies who use IVF have a higher relative and absolute risk of preeclampsia than spontaneous singleton pregnancies. Given that preeclampsia is a serious complication of pregnancy, its risk should be considered in policy decisions about access to IVF treatment in the overweight and obese population.Contexte: Les femmes en surpoids sont des utilisateurs fréquents de fécondation in-vitro (FIV) en raison de l'association entre l'augmentation de l'indice de masse corporelle (IMC) et l'infertilité. Les politiques qui imposent des restrictions IMC pour l'accès à la FIV existent dans certains pays, basé sur des données limitées suggérant que les femmes obèses ont des taux de succès de FIV réduits. Cependant, il y a un manque de données sur la fréquence et le risque de prééclampsie chez la population de FIV obèses. Plus de données aideraient à informer ces politiques. Objectifs: (i) dévaluer les effets respectifs d'un IMC élevé (> 25 kg/m2) et l'utilisation de la FIV sur le risque de pré-éclampsie, (ii) évaluer si le risque de pré-éclampsie associé à un IMC élevé est différent entre jumeaux et singletons, et (iii) évaluer si l'effet de l'IMC élevé est modifié par un traitement de FIV. Méthodes: Notre cohorte comprend les naissances de l'Hôpital Royal Victoria, à Montréal, Canada enregistrées entre 2001 et 2008 dans la base de données obstétriques McGill et néonatale (MOND). Les associations ont été étudiées avec les statistiques descriptives, univariées et des régressions logistiques multivariées. Nous avons évalué la modification de l'effet observé en comparant les effets combinés attendus d'un IMC élevé et un traitement de FIV sur la pré-éclampsie. Résultats: La prééclampsie complique 4,4% des grossesses. Il y avait un risque accru de pré-éclampsie chez les mères en surpoids et obèses (OR ajusté 3,1, IC 95% 2.5, 3.7). FIV ne conférait pas un risque accru de pré-éclampsie dans les analyses multivariées (OR 1,0, IC 95% de 0,7, 1,5). Il y avait hétérogénéité de l'effet de l'IMC dans les grossesses de singletons vs multiples. Il y avait en évidence d'une synergie entre FIV et un IMC élevé chez les singletons. Conclusions: Notre étude confirme la forte association entre un IMC élevé et la pré-éclampsie. Les femmes en surpoids avec des grossesses uniques qui utilisent la FIV ont un risque plus élevé relative et absolue de la pré-éclampsie que pendant les grossesses spontanées. Étant donné que la pré-éclampsie est une complication grave de la grossesse, le risque doit être pris en compte dans les décisions politiques concernant l'accès à un traitement par FIV dans la population en surpoids et obèses.
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Titterington, Joanne. "Cryopreservation of murine pre-embryos : formulation of complex vitrification solutions and investigation of their effect on subsequent developmental potential post-thaw in vitro and in vivo." Thesis, University of Hull, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.363182.
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Veleva, Z. (Zdravka). "Factors affecting the outcome of IVF/ICSI." Doctoral thesis, University of Oulu, 2008. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789514288838.
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Abstract
Fertility declines with advancing age and the number of couples seeking infertility treatment at an older age is constantly increasing. A top quality embryo is believed to have the highest potential for implantation and development into a child. A better understanding of the relative importance of patient and treatment characteristics and of embryo quality could help to optimise the existing therapeutic schemes and the safety of in vitro fertilisation/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI).
In this work, databases of five Finnish infertility clinics were studied retrospectively. Data on treatments performed in the years 1994–2005 were collected. A total of 19,000 treatment cycles were analysed. Special attention was paid to the relative significance of the transfer of top quality embryos with regards to pregnancy, miscarriage, live birth and cost of treatment in the general IVF/ICSI patient population and in groups with expected poor outcome.
The results showed that the transfer of a top quality embryo is associated with a better chance of pregnancy and live birth. However, it does not diminish the probability of miscarriage. Both low and high BMI increase the miscarriage rate. Advancing age and a positive history of previous miscarriages are also associated with a higher probability of miscarriage. In addition, the need for hormonal substitution in cases of frozen-embryo transfer is a risk factor of miscarriage, probably because of suboptimal endometrial function.
Since the transfer of several embryos leads to multiple pregnancies, which are associated with a high risk of maternal and fetal complications, elective single embryo transfer (eSET) of a top quality embryo allows all additional good quality embryos to be frozen and transferred later in frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycles. The present work demonstrates that eSET is a safe treatment strategy at least until the age of 40. However, it might not be performed in women with fewer than four collected oocytes, since the prognosis might remain poor even if the response is improved in a following cycle.
When eSET is applied routinely and on a large scale, it diminishes treatment costs while increasing the number of deliveries occurring at term, making IVF/ICSI at the same time safer and more affordable even to patients without access to reimbursed IVF treatment.
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McMillan, Catriona Alice Wilson. "Human embryo in vitro : a processual entity in legal stasis." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/31550.
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This doctoral research explores the ways in which UK law engages with embryonic processes, namely under the Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990 (as amended). The research offers a fuller understanding of these elusive and evolving biological processes, and in particular, how they can, in turn, allow us to understand legal process and legal regulation more deeply. To do so, the thesis employs an anthropological concept - liminality - coined by Arnold van Gennep, which is itself concerned with revealing the dynamics of process. Liminality may be described as being concerned with the spaces in between distinct stages of human experience or with the process of transition between such stages. With this framing of liminality in mind - which is often characterised as a three-stage process of human experience - the research is divided into three parts, broadly reflecting the three parts of van Gennep's liminal schema: into, through, and out of liminality. It is argued herein that in regulating the embryo - that is, a processual liminal entity in itself - the law is regulating for uncertainty. Tracing the legal governance of the early stages of human life, from its inception to today's regulatory frameworks, the research diagnoses a 'legal gap' between the conceptual basis for regulation, and practical 'realities' of the 1990 Act (as amended). In particular, this 'gap' is typified by uncertainty surrounding embryos in vitro, and what this thesis diagnoses as 'legal stasis'. In order to situate this novel liminal analysis within existing paradigms, however, the thesis first frames embryos in vitro as 'gothic', building upon emergent analytical responses to postmodern forms of categorisation. This framing helps to articulate the nature of, and the reasons for, the above-mentioned 'legal gap'. This framing is nonetheless incomplete without a liminal lens, as it draws our attention to the dynamics of the processes occurring within this 'gap'. It is argued that considering the 'problem' in this manner enables us to move beyond conceptualisation, towards realisation. The gothic, and the liminal are thus used to critically assess legal representations of the embryo, and suggests that there are ways in which the law might better embrace the multiplicity of environments through which the embryo in vitro can travel, that is, either towards reproductive or research ends. It is argued that full recognition of these variable, relational liminal states of the embryo is important for the future of artificial reproduction and embryo research, and that this does not currently happen. In order for the law to reflect better the uncertain nature of embryonic processes, and the technologies that create them, the thesis posits a nuanced, contextual reframing of the embryo that captures the multiplicity of embryonic 'pathways' available within the 1990 Act (as amended). The overarching objective of this work is to consider a more coherent and robust intellectual defence of the ways in which we justify different treatments of in vitro embryos. It thus proposes a 'context-based approach' that embraces the variable, relational pathways already facilitated by the 1990 Act (as amended) in order to lead the embryo (and itself) into, through and out of liminality.
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Carlén, Ann, and Christina Wallbäcks. "I strävan efter föräldraskap : Kvinnor och mäns upplevelse av IVF-behandling." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Hälsoakademin, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-20424.
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Introduktion: Ofrivillig barnlöshet, infertilitet, är ett vanligt problem som uppträder i alla kulturer. I Sverige är ungefär 10-15 % av alla par drabbade och det samma gäller i övriga Västeuropa och Nordamerika. Det är ungefär lika vanligt med manlig som kvinnlig infertilitet och relativt ofta i kombination. Hos 10-15 % av alla infertila återfinns ingen orsak till infertiliteten. Idag är in vitro fertilisering, IVF, den vanligaste behandlingsmetoden vid alla typer av infertilitet. Syfte: Syftet var att beskriva kvinnor och mäns upplevelse av att genomgå IVF-behandling. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en systematisk litteraturstudie som analyserades genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Deltagarna upplevde att IVF-behandlingen förändrade och tog över livet. Behandlingen inverkade på parrelationen på olika sätt. IVF medförde också en påtaglig psykisk och känslomässig påfrestning. Hur deltagarna valde att förhålla sig till behandlingen påverkade upplevelsen. Barn och gravida skapade reaktioner som gav blandade känslor som följd. En bristande information inom vården och betydelsen av stöd var framträdande. Slutsats: IVF-upplevelsen påverkar livets alla delar och är en påfrestande upplevelse. Tydligt är behovet av information och stöd under behandlingen samt en individualiserad vård.
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Laffoon, Michael R. "Artificial insemination and in vitro fertilization an Orthodox perspective /." Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1986. http://www.tren.com.
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Van, de Water Virginia Lee. "Psychological development of infants conceived through in vitro fertilization." W&M ScholarWorks, 1988. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539618672.
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In 1984, The National Institute of Child Health and Human Development awarded a grant to The Eastern Virginia Medical School and The Children's Hospital of The King's Daughters to study the IVF children conceived a The Jones Institute for Reproductive Medicine in Norfolk, Virginia. The purpose of the study was to assess the children comprehensively using a multi-disciplinary team to determine whether the IVF process resulted in higher than average physical and/or behavioral deficits. The children were psychologically tested on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development; they also received pediatric, neurological, cardiac, and ultrasound examinations of their internal organs. 83 of 105 eligible IVF children were examined. These children were matched on the following criteria: maternal age, child's age, race, gender, births/pregnancy, and socioeconomic status. The controls were obtained from a 100 mile radius of Norfolk, Virginia. Ninety-three children served as controls. All were between 12 and 30 months of age.;The results indicate that these families are different from the general population in several respects: they are older, better educated, more affluent, almost all white, and have a higher rate of multiple births. The groups did not differ in their rate of congenital defects. While prematurity was common, the children demonstrated no adverse effects from their prematurity.;The psychological results indicated that both groups were above the national norms for the Bayley Scales on both their MDIs and PDIs; they did not differ significantly, but the IVF group was higher on both scores. Two IVF children with physical handicaps were cognitively normal. Behaviorally the groups did not differ at the p =.01 level on any of the Behavioral Record variables.;The NICHHD study concludes that the risk of the IVF process is acceptable from a medical viewpoint. The children who are born do not demonstrate a higher rate of physical or psychological abnormalities based on current information.
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Erickson, Deborah S. "Factors Affecting Clinician Decision-Making in In Vitro Fertilization." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/1691.
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This study focused on factors that influenced clinician embryo disposition decision-making in in vitro fertilization (IVF). Evidence-based medicine (EBM) should be built on the premise of shared decision-making. This paradigm is often skewed, resulting in clinician stress, a higher probability of errors, reduced productivity, or ineffective decisions. Guided by the theory of planned behavior and the self-perception theory, this study assessed the independent variables' religiosity, ethnicity, level of burnout, gender, age, years of experience, and clinical role in relationship to the dependent variable "decision-making" as measured by the Lyerly Frozen Embryo Survey, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and the Areas of Worklife Survey. IVF clinicians throughout the United States and Europe (n = 151) completed an online survey via a nonrandom, cross-sectional methodology. Study results indicated the factors were not significant. A vast majority of participants identified as: White, (84%), and female (75%), and that religion was very important (73%). The bulk of participants had a moderate level of burnout (85%), which showed that the multitude of participants were not experiencing overly high levels of emotional exhaustion, were not emotionally detached from their patients' needs, and felt a high degree of personal accomplishment. Recommendations included using a larger sample size, different variables, or developing a new survey as the decision making process may have been more multifaceted than anticipated. There are more areas to be studied around factors and decision making to fully understand these concepts. The positive social change implications include an increased awareness of factors that have the potential for impacting clinician decision-making as a reminder of the importance to be cognizant and sensitive of the needs of patients.
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Keay, Stephen David. "The relationship between poor ovarian response to gonadotrophin stimulation and the outcome of in vitro fertilisation." Thesis, University of Bristol, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285813.
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Yu, Xiaomin. "Embryonic development of In Vitro matured mouse oocytes following vitrification and In Vitro fertilization." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=96931.
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With increasing incidences of early onset of cancer and the delay of reproductive age, the demand for fertility preservation in women have increased. Even though most results of oocyte cryopreservation have been obtained from ovarian stimulation protocols for in vitro fertilization (IVF), ovarian stimulation with gonadotropins may not be suitable for many women, especially those who are with hormone-dependent cancers, or those require immediate chemotherapy. However, it is agreed that the outcome of in vitro matured (IVM) oocytes are not as good as in vivo matured ones. In this thesis, we tested the interfering of oocytes during IVM, by the addition of antioxidant and the blocking of mitochondrial function, and observed their survival and the outcome of embryonic development after vitrification and IVF. For the first part, our study showed that the presence of the antioxidant, cysteamine during IVM significantly (P<0.05) reduced the fragmentation rate in cumulus-intact group from 61.9% to 40.8% following vitrification-thawing and IVF. However, the same trend wasn't shown in denuded groups. Nevertheless, there were no significant differences in terms of maturation and cleavage rate with the supplementation of cysteamine in either COC or denuded groups. We hypothesized that cysteamine facilitated effect during IVM might have occurred by affecting mtDNA accumulation during IVM. Fluorescent real-time quantitative analysis of mtDNA showed that the mtDNA copy number were similar in cysteamine treated and untreated group with a ratio close to 1, which implied that the effect of cysteamine during IVM may not be directly related to the mtDNA replication. In the second part, a mitochondria blocker, rotenone, was added to the IVM medium in order to test the vitrification outcome and the subsequent embryonic development. The testing of rotenone concentrations from 100nM to 50µM, showed a lethal dose of around 50µM where all the oocytes were lysed during IVM. With the increase of rotenone concentration from 2µM to 50µM, the oocyte maturation rate dropped significantly in a dose dependent manner and eventually reaching 0 when the concentration was at 50µM. Within the concentration window of 250nM to 2µM, where no difference has been found in terms of the oocyte death and maturation rates compared to the control, there is a significant drop of cryo-survival rate at a concentration of 2µM, from 93.3% (in the control) to 55.6%. The percentage of embryos that developed to 4-8 cell stage were significant lower in the 2µM group (17.5%), compared to the group with a lower concentration of 250nM (50%). This study confirmed the strong positive dependency of mitochondrial functionality during oocyte maturation on its later development as well as the cryopreservation outcomes. Our work suggested that as two individual ART applications, the understanding and improvement of IVM could improve the outcome of vitrification since the impact of IVM on the oocytes could significantly determine the oocytes ability to survival and to develop following vitrification and IVF.Suite a làugmentation de l'incidence des pathologies cancéreuses chez les jeunes et au recul de l'âge parental, les demandes de préservation de la fertilité sont de plus en plus fréquentes. Bien que la majorité des résultats sur la cryopréservation des ovocytes aient été obtenu suite a un protocole de stimulation ovarienne dans le cadre d'un traitement par fécondation in vitro (FIV), làdministration de gonadotrophines est inappropriées pour un certain nombre de patientes, en particulier celle atteintes de cancer hormono-dépendant, ou celle nécessitant une chimiothérapie sans délai possible. D'autre part, il est bien établi que le taux de fécondation des ovocytes maturés in vitro (IVM) n'est pas aussi élevé que lorsque les ovocytes sont maturés in vivo. Dans cette thèse, nous avons testé l'effet de la présence d'antioxydants et d'inhibiteurs de la fonction mitochondriale dans le milieu de maturation in vitro sur le taux de maturation ovocytaire (IVM) ainsi que sur le taux de survie et de développement embryonnaire après vitrification. Dans un premier temps, nous avons démontré que la présence d'antioxydants, la cysteamine, pendant l'IVM réduit significativement le taux de fragmentation après vitrification des ovocytes maturés avec leur cellules du cumulus (complexes ovocyte-cumulus, COC), de 61.9% dans le groupe non traité à 40.8% dans le groupe traité (p<0.05). Cette différence n'est pas observée dans le groupe des ovocytes maturés en l'absence de leur cellules du cumulus (ovocytes dénudés). La présence de cysteamine n'a pas d'effet significatif sur le taux de maturation et de clivage embryonnaire que les ovocytes soient dénudés ou non. Nous avons ensuite vérifié si l'effet bénéfique de la cysteamine durant l'IVM était lié à l'accumulation de DNA mitochondrial durant la maturation ovocytaire. Le nombre de copies d'aDN mitochondrial dans les ovocytes maturés en présence ou non de cysteamine a donc été évalué par PCR quantitative et le résultat ne montre pas de différence significative entre les deux groupes (ratio ~1). Ces données ne sont donc pas en faveur d'un effet de la cysteamine sur la réplication de l'aDN mitochondrial lors de la maturation ovocytaire in vitro. Dans un deuxième temps, un inhibiteur de la fonction mitochondriale, la rotenone, a été ajoutée au milieu de maturation in vitro afin de tester son effet sur la vitrification et le développement embryonnaire ultérieur. Les tests d'échelonnement de concentrations, de 100nM a 50µM, ont permis de définir une dose l'etale de 50µM, pour laquelle la totalité les ovocytes sont lysés. Entre 2µM et 50µM, le taux de maturation diminue de manière dose dépendante, atteignant 0 à la dose maximale. Dans une échelle de concentration allant de 250nM à 2µM, aucune différence significative n'est observée en terme de taux de survie et de maturation entre le groupe traité et le groupe contrôle. Par contre le taux de survie après vitrification diminue en présence de 2µM de roterone dans le milieu IVM, passant de 93.3% dans le groupe contrôle à 55.6% dans le groupe traité. Le taux d'embryons atteignant 4-8cellules après fécondation est également significativement plus bas dans le groupe traité à une concentration de 2µM comparé à un groupe traité à une dose plus faible de 250nM (respectivement 17.5% et 50%). Cette étude confirme le rôle essentiel des mitochondries durant la maturation ovocytaire, le développement ultérieur et la survie après cryopréservation. Notre travail montre l`interaction entre deux techniques utilisées en Procréation Médicalement Assistée : la maturation in vitro d'une part et la vitrification d'autre part. La compréhension et le développement des milieux de maturation ovocytaire in vitro ont en effet un impact majeur sur la survie des ovocytes après vitrification et sur leur développement embryonnaire ultérieur.
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Al-Qasem, Leena. "Islamic ethical views in vitro fertilization and human reproductive cloning." Thesis, McGill University, 2003. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=78237.
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For Muslims all over the world, whether in North America where they form minorities or in all-Muslim societies, their religion permeates every aspect of their lives and ethical decision-making. It is no wonder that when deliberating the treatment of infertility or the introduction of cloning to the world, Muslims look to their Islamic scholars and await their decision on such matters. They are the ones with the most knowledge of the Quran, Sunnah, and other sources used in Islam. This thesis will explore the ethics of assisted reproduction technologies and human reproductive cloning from an Islamic ethical perspective. I will investigate the principles and regulations that are used today in the Islamic analysis of both practices.
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Cheung, Wai-man. "Psychosocial responses of women and men to in-vitro fertilization." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31972834.
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