Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'IVe siècle av. J.-C'
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Tilloi, d'Ambrosi Dimitri. "Cuisine et diététique à Rome ; : IIIe siècle av. J.-C. – IVe siècle ap. J.-C." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSE3029.
Full textThis thesis is about Food and Medicine in Ancient Rome. Food has been a more and more important matter of study for a couple of years. The aristocratic banquet is very often the main point of attention of historians, ancient texts are above all dealing with the upper classes of society. Some aspects like the values of the banquet and sociability, or the composition of the meals, are highlighted. But one domain is very often left aside : the links between food and medicine. Medical treatises are very interesting to study because food is one of the most important aspects of ancient medicine. Dietetics is considered as one of the three main fields of ancient medicine with surgery and pharmacology. Dietetics doesn’t include just food but it is more generally the way of life, and also involves physical exercices for example or sleep. Food, indeed, can be considered as a medicine and a way to protect health and to prevent illness. The most important author on this subject is Galen, a famous doctor from the 2nd century AD, who follows the Hippocratic tradition, but other doctors from the Roman period also have to be considered like Oribasius or Anthimus who lived during the Late Antiquity. Medical theories from Antiquity are well known and studied, so it would be interesting to determine how they can impact food preparation and consumption, but also how ancient recipes could influence medical prescriptions. Medical treatises, texts containing references to food, but also archaeology have to be compared, to see if populations during the Roman Empire respected these prescriptions when they ate. This work will try to show if we can observe an impact on the population’s habits and health, and finally if we can speak of a dietary awareness
Beraud, Marianne. "Esclaves d'esclaves : Vicarii et uicariae dans le monde romain (IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAH029.
Full textThe vicariat was a subownership system based on a slave (uicarius) belonging to another slave (ordinarius). The uicarii were included in the peculium of the first-degree slaves. The vicariat testified of hierarchies among slaves. This study aims to enlight origin of this status (purchase or cognatic inheritance). By doing so, it disclosed strategies in order to strengthen the slaves families. It also demonstrates vicariat’s utility on the domestic level as well as professional. The vicariat was a nursury for young slaves and a “slave school”. By training uicarii for a specific work, the chief slaves were magistri who taught them specialized knowledges. In the familia Caesaris, the vicariat was a important linchpin of administration in Roman State
Tricoche, Agnès. "L’eau dans les espaces funéraires d'Alexandrie aux époques grecque et romaine (IVe siècle av. J. -C. - IIIe siècle ap. J. -C. )." Paris 10, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA100086.
Full textIn the cemeteries of Graeco-Roman Alexandria, archaeological investigations initiated more than a century ago attest to a usage of water for specifically funerary purposes : this is well documented by the frequent discovery of wells, cisterns, basins and drain pipes, whose most reliable remains can be found inside the antic hypogea themselves, or in direct connection with them. From a separately volume which inventory the hydraulic installations that were carried out, the different modalities of water management are first described in their diversity. The reasons that explain their presence are next analysed : water needs concerned the maintenance of locations, the irrigation of gardens, the care of corpses or the commemoration of the deceased, above ground and in the underground graves designed to accommodate the regular visits that the families paid to their dead. The imported and flourishing Greek culture often explain theses practices, but the special case of funerary libations, related to the belief of the thirst in the hereafter, allows one to emphasize the question of the specific influence of Egypt and its religious customs
Belkheir, Nadia. "Connaissances et perceptions de l'Arabie et des Arabes chez les Anciens : (VIIIe siècle av. J.-C. - IVe siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 10, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA100179.
Full textThe dissertation provides a corpus of Graeco-Latin literary sources concerning Arabia and Arabs followed by a commentary. More precisely, the corpus opens in the Archaic period with some Homeric verses and ends in the 4th century C.E. with excerpts from the Roman History of Ammianus Marcellinus. The words “Arabia” and “Arab” in the ancient textual tradition do not have the same meaning as they do today. On the contrary, after questioning the corpus on what is Arabia as space and on the identity of Arabs, we come to the conclusion that we cannot propose a unique definition because ancient authors vary in their perception. Likewise, the issue of ethnicity is equally complex. Ancient sources refer to tribes as “Arabs” who do not present themselves as Arabs in their inscriptions : Nabateans are referred to as Nabateans Arabs in the texts while this self-definition is unknown in Nabatean inscriptions
تقدم الأطروحة مجموعة من المصادر اليونانية-اللاتينية المتعلقة بالجزيرة العربية والعرب، مشفوعةبتعليق. على نحو أكثر دقة، تفتتح المجموعة في العصر القديم مع بعض أبيات هوميروس، وتنتهي في القرنالرابع الميلادي بمقتطفات من التاريخ الروماني لأميان مارسلين.لا يحمل مصطلحا "الجزيرة العربية والعرب" في التقاليد النصية القديمة معناهما نفسه اليوم، بل علىالعكس فعندما نسائل هذه المصادر عن ماهية الجزيرة العربية بوصفها مساحة جغرافية وعن هويةالعرب، نتوصل إلى استنتاج مفاده أننا لا نستطيع اقتراح تعريف واحد؛ لاختلاف المؤلفين القدامى فيتصوراتهم.المسالة الإثنية معقدة بالقدر نفسه، فالمصادر القديمة تصف بالعروبة القبائل التي لا تقدم هي نفسها فينقوشها على أنها عربية، فمثلا يشار في هذه النصوص إلى الأنباط بأنهم عرب مع أن هذا التصنيف الذاتيغير معروف في النقوش النبطية
Mansouri, Saber. "Les artisans, les commerçants et la politique à Athènes au IVe siècle av. J. -C. : travail et participation politique." Paris, EHESS, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001EHES0130.
Full textThe following research is composed of four sections. After defining the following different notions : craftsmen, traders, politics, chronology and the used sources, comes the first section where a study is made on the links that three intellectuals such as Plato, Aristote and Xenophon, establish between craftsmen, traders and politics. The second section departs from the realm of representation to that of reality : the focus is put on the citizens who work by themselves intrade and craft industry, on those who own workshops, on the mining concessionnaries and on the great traders. Concerning the citizens who work by themselves, their connection with politics is no limited only to their talking part in the assemblies', the tribunals', and the wars meetings. It is also manifested in politics that take place in the trading agora. Many assemblies used to develop in some workshops so as to make discussions, exchange news, coment and criticize a vote or a justice's decision. A place of debate, of information, of exchanging ideas and of misinformation, this informel political space is an open one. Regarding the citizens who own workshops, the mining concessionaries and the great traders, the phenomena that would appear starting from the last quarter of the fifth century, that is, the emergence of men politics coming from the craft industrial and trading environment, will be renforced in the fourth century. In fact, the fourth century Athens is an illustrating example in that witnessed many political leaders coming from economic activities which are not agricultural. The non-citizens, the slaves, the "emancipated", the foreigners, and the offensive foreigners will constitute the major axis of third section. The focus is put on the participation of these homines economici in politics. Finally, the fourth section will concentrate on the relation that links the city to the craftsmen and the trader in general. There will be studied the issues of the city's economic politics, the presence of the craftsmen and the traders in the public decrees and the coming to surface of the political city
Douthe, Mathilde. "Le dialecte de Delphes au IVe et au IIIe siècle av. J. -C." Paris, EPHE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010EPHE4023.
Full textThe constitution and the evolution of the linguistic situation in Delphi in the fourth and third century BC is the purpose of this work. Two varieties of languages dominate: a local dialect and the Ionic-Attic koine. The first is a variety of Northwest Doric, whose linguistic characteristics are studied here in detail. It turns out to be different from each of its neighbours especially from the Aetolian dialect and the Northwest koina, which seems partly set up in Delphi. The koine competes with this local variety in two ways, by replacing the local dialect and by mixing with it to create hybrids. This gives rise to an administrative language, which is often artificial and does probably not square the reality of the daily linguistic situation. This competition is discussed in detail for two types of documents: the documents emanating from the city of Delphi and those emanating from the Amphictyony. They show, throughout the period, different rhythms of development. Two breaks were observed in amphictionic documents, around the date of Alexander's death and in the last quarter of the third century under the influence of Aetolians, where the koine recedes and the local dialect regains vitality. The civic documents, however, show regular use of the dialect, barely disturbed by external influences
Pagé, Marie-Michelle. "Colonisation, structures agraires et gestion des ressources naturelles dans le Samnium romain (IIIe siècle av. J.-C.-IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/21966.
Full textVurpillot, Damien. "Les sanctuaires des eaux en Gaule de l'est : origine, organisation et évolution (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IVe siècle après J.-C.)." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA1018/document.
Full textThis study aims to evaluate the importance of sacred water and cults connected with waters as part of eastern Gaul religious landscape, through the evolution of cult places and ritual practices. By extension, our goals is toprovide a better understanding of the transformations impacting religious activities and how it connects to the promotion of Romanitas by Gallic communities.The religious history of Gaul is well-known for conveying problematic concepts such as "naturist cults" or, in our case, "water cults". Therefore, we strived to study modern literary sources in order to deconstruct historiographical myths. Then, we completed this overview through a diligent re-reading of ancient sources. At this point, we were convinced that "water cult" was a flexible religious concept. Gallic communities would seize the idea of sacred water and cults connected with waters, and adapt it to their needs, even is shared religious norms seem to transcend time and cultures. In order to put this hypothesis to test, we challenged it against archaeological data through a selection of cult places from eastern Gaul, which, in return, allowed us to identify two main chronological phases forming the pattern of the evolution of water cults in Gallo-Roman religious landscape. The first chronological phase stretch from the first century B.C. to the first half of the first century A.D., when this new facet becomes an increasingly growing trend. Afterwards, that new religious discourse reaches a form of maturity starting from the second half of the first century
Sabattini, Brigitte. "La côte adriatique d'Adria à Ancone au IVe siècle avant J. -C." Paris 4, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA040015.
Full textThis work studies the consequence of the Gallic invasions on the Adriatic coast and its hinterland. Regional political geography was transformed and relations between coastal centers and inland towns were disrupted. .
Petrazoller, Christine. "La stasis dans les cités grecques du IVe au Ier siècle avant J.-C." Thesis, Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UBFCC017.
Full textOmnipresent in the greek world, stasis represents the dark side of city’s history. The tradition sees in her a social evil, a desease how comes fall on her. Stasis is the war, polemos, that the city makes to herself, it’s the division from on in two. Of varying intensity, stasis can takes a legal form of conflict between two political groups, from the moment that she’s not obstruct the functioning of the institutions and that she does not divide the community in two irreductible camps. It’s only in extreme cases, when no compromise is possible, that she takes the form of sedition. It’s at this key moment, when the conflict comes to a head, when everything stops, and when violence cause bloodshed, we dedicate this study. Our investigation covers a rich period on political earthquakes, from the reign of Philip II to the wars of Mithridates. To measure the magnitude and the extent of the phenomenon over almost three century of history, we made up from literary and epigraphic sources a chronological table of the staseis, which allows us to analyze the different aspects of the phenomenon : its extent, its causes, the social groups involved, the modus operandi, the radical behavior, the dissolution of the conflict and the measures adopted to preserve the constitution and concord
Crouzet, Sandrine. "Carthage et la conquête romaine en Méditerranée (IVe-IIe siècle av. J. -C. ) : échanges, confrontations, exploitation idéologique." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX10018.
Full textBonsangue, Maria-Luisa. "L'emporion de Narbonne : économie et société (IIe siècle av. J.-C.-Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)." Paris 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA010685.
Full textBourdin, Stéphane. "Peuples et conflits territoriaux en Italie centrale et septentrionale au IVe siècle av. J. -C." Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX10075.
Full textPagé, Marie-Michelle. "COLONISATION, STRUCTURES AGRAIRES ET GESTION DES RESSOURCES NATURELLES DANS LE SAMNIUM ROMAIN (IIIE SIÈCLE AV. J.-C.-IVE SIÈCLE AP.J.-C.)." Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26953/26953.pdf.
Full textKarvonis, Pavlos. "Lieux et locaux de vente dans la Grèce égéenne du IVe au début du Ier siècle av. J. -C." Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100115.
Full textThis study is composed by three catalogues containing the majority of the written and archaeological sources, as well as the iconography concerning the permanent and temporary commercial installations. We have also looked for the vocabulary used by the Ancient Greeks and have established a modern terminology. We have followed the evolution of the commercial installations from the geometric period to the fourth century B. C. The study of the temporary installations has revealed their importance and has brought us information on the product that were being sold. The permanent installations have been classified by category. We have also studied the product that were being sold and the distribution of these installations in the cities, where the sources available enabled us to do so. We also studied the jurisdiction of the temporary and permanent installations, trying to find out who were their owners and how they were ran
Lamouille, Stéphane. "Recherches sur les charpentes dans l'architecture monumentale grecque du VIe au IVe siècle av. J.-C." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU20081.
Full textThere are no direct remains of Greek roof structures and, in many cases, the state of conservation of the constituent blocks of the upper parts is incomplete. This observation often leads to the reproduction of the interpretative framework of antique roof frameworks established at the end of the 19th century, opposing Greek prop-and-lintel on the one hand, and Roman truss on the other. The challenge of this thesis is to reconsider this binary opposition between two types of framework. In order to compensate for the lack of archaeological remains, other avenues are being explored. The techniques used in the construction of the roof structures are not all specific to this craft. Also, extending the scope of investigation to related activities in the field of woodworking such as, for example, shipbuilding, makes it possible to define the contours of a technical environment in which the framework is embedded. Several characteristics of this technical environment were identified, including the use of assemblages that allow the recovery of tensile forces, the use of triangulation of structures and a great deal of know-how in the preparation of wooden beams. Following this review of the practical and technical knowledge of Greek carpenters, a series of case studies are proposed, including the Piraeus Arsenal, the Doric temples of Sicily, the Parthenon, as well as the so-called “limestone temple” and the fourth century BC Apollo templein Delphi. The construction accounts of this last building, which is very rich in wood materials, are also systematically analysed. Finally, from a methodological point of view, this thesis addresses the question of the restitution of the upper parts. The use of 3d modelling and structural calculation makes it possible to formulate new hypotheses and evaluate their relevance in a back and forth movement between the remains, techniques and the mechanical behaviour of the structures. The main results of this PhD dissertation concern the characterization of the technical environment in which Greek carpenters of the sixth and fifth centuries BC evolve and lead to consider as relevant the hypothesis of the existence of triangulated roof structures
Gaignoux, Daniel. "Les coordinations dimensionnelles dans l'architecture antique et classique vie siècle av. J. -C. - IIe siècle ap. J. -C." Université Marc Bloch (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999STR20061.
Full textChemain, Jean-François. "Le cautionnement dans le monde romain du IIe siècle av. J.-C. au Ier siècle ap. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA040037.
Full textJean-François Chemain's thesis carries " the caution money in the Roman world of the IIth century BC in Ier century AD ". It was led from literary, legal and epigraphic sources. In his first part, the author studies the actors of the caution money (guarantors and guarantee) at the end of the Republic: the relations that they maintained some with the others, the social category to which they belonged, the motives which they had to stand surety, and the strategies which it could hide. In the second part, he asks the questionof the 5 leges de sponsu (lex Publilia, lex Appuleia, lex Furia, lex Cicereia, lex Cornelia), trying, from their own logic, to reconstitute the objectives of the legislator and therefore, to date them. And so he places the first one in a " long second century BC " Maybe at the time of Gracques, and the four last ones between 67 and 47 BC The third part of the thesis is dedicated to the future of the caution money at the beginning of the Princedom, marked by a visible attempt to frame( it (appearance of the fideiussio) and to limit its usage (preference for the real guarantees, the limitation of the opportunities to guarantee). In the fourth part, finally, Jean-François Chemain puts evidence that the caution money is a good marker of the main evolutions of the Roman society at the time of the "Passage"
Autret, Caroline. "La vigne, le vin et les amphores en Cilicie à l'époque romaine : production et diffusion du Ier siècle av. J.-C. au IVe siècle apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 4, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA040020.
Full textThis study was carried out in the context of a Ph.D thesis. It is based both on field work (surveys, studies of amphorae collected during surveys and during archaeological excavations) and on documentary research. First, the analyse of ancient sources, written and iconographic, attest to the importance of oil and wine as surplus commodities in this Mediterranean province. Investigated press elements furnish insight to the place of Cilician viticulture during Antiquity. The substantial number of these elements reinforce the assertions of ancient sources that wine was a signficant surplus commodity of this region. During our survey we identified several Roman-era kiln-sites in the region. Their presence demonstrates that Cilician transport amphorae, or maritime shipping containers, were produced to accomodate this trade. Analysis of amphora remains collected at the kiln sites and nearby excavations enabled us to construct a chrono-typology of six amphorae that were produced locally. Last, we compared our results with those of materials published at excavations conducted throughout the Mediterranean and beyond. This enabled us to trace the distribution patterns and commercial networks of Cilician surplus commodities. These data become crucial to our understanding of the place of Cilician wine trade in the wider Roman Mediterranean economy
Pichon, Blaise. "L'empreinte de Rome dans l'ouest de la Gaule Belgique d'Auguste à la fin du IVe siècle." Paris 10, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA100124.
Full textFrom Augustus to Claude, the Gallia Belgica received the essential elements which guaranteed the roman power : civitates and their chief towns are created, like main military roads. But the mark of Rome in the seven western civitates in Gallia Belgica does not limit to these elements. Since the augustean time, we may see that a part of local populations wishes to become roman. Urban development shows particularly the success of romanitas between the middle of the 1st century AD and the end of the 3rd century. There are many towns, and sanctuaries then countryside become roman. After the middle of the 3rd century, the numerous changes in western Gallia Belgica, because of internal causes and Germanic pressure, does not destroy this romanitas, which is partly changed though
Thibaut, Émilie. "Les rites féminins dans les sanctuaires du Latium et de l’Étrurie méridionale (IVe siècle av. – Ier siècle apr. J.-C.)." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0035.
Full textThe study of female cultural practices in Ancient Italy has been an attractive area for the last twenty years. Although places of worship, present in Roma, have been really privileged themes with the advantage of literary materials, those of cities of surrounding areas, such as the Latium and the Etruria, only famous through the analysis of some offering types, are much less. However, between the fourth century B.C. and the first century A.D., the way to ask for the divine help is becoming clearer, thanks to the use of more specialized offerings: the anatomical ex-voto and the anthropomorphic figures. This works intends to use, in the right way, those discovered in the sacred areas of the Latium and the southern Etruria and to complete it with the literary testimonies, so as to re-build cultural practices that could have been done by women on their own. In the light of archaeological remains, implying the female sphere, it is about to really re-think the relation that women maintained with the religion, as well as their participation in their communities. Going beyond prejudices inherited by biased and ancient sources as well as male world; considering persons whose nature made them incapable of coping with the religion; it is a new vision of women that we intend to review
Al, Halabi Taisir. "Recherches sur l'architecture d'époque romaine sur le plateau du Ğawlān (Syrie du sud-ouest), milieu du Ier siècle av. J.-C. - milieu du IVe siècle apr. J.-C." Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H104.
Full textMy research focuses on the occupation and on the architecture of the Roman period (mid-first century BC - mid-fourth century AD) on the Golan Heights / Ğawlān (southwest of Syria). By reference to the archaeological research (Excavations and Surveys) already accomplished and to the results of my surveys carried out between 2006 and 2013, I study the rate, the nature of occupation and the specificity of the architecture of this region during the Roman period. The study of the architecture is done by taking into account twelve sites as examples, which are composed of five towns and peri-urban sanctuaries, four rural sites (villages / farms) and three extra-urban sites of a military nature, which are related to infrastruture. I also analyze the extra-urban infrastructure (Roman roads) of this zone. For maximum data, I inspect - in addition to the architectural remains - the ceramics material (Volume II), the coins, the inscriptions and other elements that could enrich my informations on the nature and dating of the installations of this period
Davoine, Charles. "Recherches sur les ruines dans le monde romain : gestion et perception des bâtiments détruits dans la cité romaine (Ier siècle av. J.-C. – IVe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Paris 8, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA080097.
Full text: Partially destroyed buildings, the remains of which persist in time, ruins were part of the reality of Ancient Rome. This research aims at investigating the way the populations of the Empire, the local magistrates or the Roman central power perceived and managed dilapidated buildings as well as the piles of debris resulting from destructions. This study will focus on the everyday life of cities faced with the dilapidation of buildings as well as with exceptional devastations caused by catastrophes, from the Augustinian age to the end of the fourth century A.D. Through a thorough study of literary, legal and epigraphic sources, the purpose is to analyze how ruins were dealt with, taking into account the rules and norms which applied to them, as well as the mental representations which enabled their understanding. We shall demonstrate that ruins have no place in the city. Demolitions should always be avoided, and dilapidated building should be restored. Any aesthetic aspect of the ruins, or their use as places of memory, are absent from Latin texts. On the contrary, dilapidated buildings and destroyed cities are associated with death and unsightliness and reflect a troubled era. Ruins constitute a counter-model which enables the revelation, by contrast, of an ideal architecture which contributes to the ornamentation of the city and to the elaboration of the Golden Age announced by the Emperor
Lamoine, Laurent. "Représentations et réalité du pouvoir local en Gaule romaine : substrat gaulois et modèle romain (IIe siècle avant J.-C. - IIIe siècle après J.-C.)." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2003. https://hal.science/tel-04108234.
Full textGueye, Mariama. "Le traitement des captifs dans le monde romain du IIIe siècle avant J. -C. Au IIe siècle après J. -C. : textes et images." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA1015.
Full textFrom IIIe s. B. C. To IIe s. A. D. , the relationships between the captive and his "captiuator" are specified by the concept of "captiuus" itself. In the definition of this term, the fact that a person or a country loses his liberty is more important than the causes. Thus, captivity can imply other forms of dependence like "deditio". Unquestionably pictures and texts show that captives are a main component in the representation of the victory. Ancients consider that the war prisoner remains the slave of his enemy. So, all forms of treatment are legitimised in spite of some norms imposed by the "ius gentium". .
Blaineau, Alexandre. "Chevaux, cavaliers et cavaleries dans l’oeuvre de Xénophon : sociologie, technique et théorie de l’équitation militaire dans le monde grec au IVe siècle avant J.-C." Rennes 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010REN20015.
Full textThe works of Xenophon provide a thorough analysis of the world of horses and riders in classical Greece. Particularly, the study of two of his books, the Art of Horsemanship and the Cavalry Commander, reveals the different aspects of horse breeding, technical riding, and the use of cavalry in battle. Influenced by the Persian world, Xenophon also offers innovative ideas aimed at providing a central role for the Greek rider, in war and society
Boutet, Benoit. "L'intégration des Champs Décumates à l'Empire romain : la construction d'une société frontalière (1er siècle av. J.-C. - IIe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18145.
Full textPasset, Laure. "Refus du luxe et frugalité à Rome : histoire d'un combat politique : (fin du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20104.
Full textThis study analyses the place and role of the way of life in political speeches and practices in Rome in the late third century BC and in the second century BC, which formed a turning point. Luxury was a means of social distinction for the aristocracy in the late fourth century BC and third century BC. From the Second Punic War onwards, the elite began to worry about the political impact of this sumptuousness and the threats it posed for the oligarchic system. Consequently, the elite introduced laws regulating banquets in order to prevent hosts from gaining political prestige, without clearly citing this reason, out of deference for the government and in order to protect its own legitimacy. This fight against luxury spread in speeches and influenced the image of itself which the elite wanted to promote. The detractors of luxury, like Cato the Elder, proposed a new ideal – frugality, which implied adopting a lifestyle more humble than that which was allowed by one’s actual rank. A negative definition of luxury was proposed – it was explicitly and definitively associated with vice, foreigners (Greeks especially), and implicitly considered to be typical of men who were unable to serve their homeland or who aspired to excessive power. An antithetic representation of frugality was developed and was thought to be the quality of real Romans who were true to the values of the countryside and anxious to preserve the interests of the Republic. This image was highly valued by the people. These ideas played a significant role in the power struggles in the last third of the second century BC. Frugality remained nonetheless a difficult quality to adopt in all circumstances because it went against the standards of the elite – while it mattered for the elite to make their political position clear through frugality, it was also important to cater to one’s guests as befitted one’s rank. Stoicism, which was then developing in Rome and advocated a restrained way of life, had to adapt to this demand
Bouzid-Adler, Fabrice. "Les relations entre Grecs et Perses en Asie Mineure occidentale à l'époque achéménide (VIe-IVe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG028.
Full textWestern Asia Minor was part of the Achaemenid Empire from the conquest of Cyrus II (547 B.C.) to that of Alexander the Great (334 B.C.). Thus, during more than two centuries, Asian Greeks have lived in touch with Persians, either satraps or members of the imperial diaspora who settled in the conquered regions. This geographical closeness gave rise to a number of institutional, cultural and personal exchanges. This thesis explores the variety of relationships having existed between members of the two communities. It seeks to show how two peoples traditionally presented as enemies actually cohabited in the same geographical space
Dufossé, Colette. "Théories et vocabulaire de la vision dans les mondes grec et latin du IVe au XIIe siècle." Paris, EPHE, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EPHE4024.
Full textDuring the late Antiquity, the theories of Plato and Aristotle about the solar or ocular light's movements are the basis of the theory of vision. The neoplatonic approach of the greek commentators to Aristotle, influenced by geometry and physiology, has been passed on to the Latin Occident, which was actually closer to Platon's Timaeus – available in traduction, unlike Aristotle's workIn order to explain the formation of the image in the observer's soul, the Greeks combine elements of Aristotle and Galen. The Occident focuses on the subject's interiority: the Augustinian theory enlarge the visual theory to create a thought's one. Then it's redefined during the twelth century under the influence of Boece's classification of the soul's forces. The propagation of light is a crucial element of vision. From the God-light's metapher, the Greek fathers developp a metaphysical speech influenced by Aristotle's physic. John Scotus Eriugena passes it on to the Latin world, where it comforts the Augustinian theory of vision. During the twelth century, this metaphysics changes to physics (optics) by means of the Timaeus' studies. Whereas in greek there is a continuity with the antique vocabulary, a specialised lexicon tends to appear in latin, through the greek and an autonomous thought, respectively. This lexicon, testimonial of the powerfull reflexion on optic during the early Middle Ages, is used in the twelth century's translations, which renew the knowing of this discipline in Occident
Nombret, Romain. "De la garnison royale dans les cités du sud-ouest de l'Asie Mineure de la fin IVe siècle au début du IIe siècle a.C." Thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2010/26749/26749.pdf.
Full textGautier, Noémie. "L'homme et l'animal domestique à Pompéi (IIe siècle av. J-C - 9 ap. J.-C.) : essai d'histoire culturelle." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN20005/document.
Full textThis thesis identifies the species belonging to the family of domestic animals in the area buried by the eruption of Vesuvius in 79 A. D. and investigates their relationships with humans in the Hellenistic and Roman periods. It lies at the crossroads of several disciplines, including history, archaeology, ethnology and anthropology, and draws on varied sources (archeozoology, epigraphy, iconography, literature) so as to assess the roles of domestic animals in society.This work explores the ways in which humans handle cohabitation with animals (which may be sources of nuisance) and the strategies they use to ensure their domestication, by examining breeding structures and considering the distribution ofanimals in anthropized areas (in the domus or in cities, for example). The approaches to animals vary according to the areas and the subjects involved. Besides playing a major role in the economy thanks to the raw materials they supplyand acting as auxiliaries in artisanal activities, animals may serve as companions, or as symbols of social prestige. The ways in which animals are represented, perceived and integrated into both public and private spheres are put under scrutiny.Domestic animals and their relationships with the population are a key to understanding Roman attitudes and values and to documenting a part of the cultural history of the Pompeii area
Blais, Valérie. "UNE VILLE ET SON SANCTUAIRE À L'ÉPOQUE HELLÉNISTIQUE. L'instrumentalisation du Didymeion de Milet entre le IVe et le IIe siècle a. C." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29306/29306.pdf.
Full textBlonce, Caroline. "L'arc monumental dans le monde romain, du début du IIe siècle au début du IVe siècle ap. J. -C. : histoire et place dans la vie politique, religieuse et sociale." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040132.
Full textThe creation of a new comprehensive catalogue of the monumental arches in the Roman Empire was the starting point of this research into the political, social and religious issues involved in the building of monumental arches in the Roman world, from the early 2nd century to the early 4th century A. D. These monuments, which can be encountered in the whole Empire, share not only a similar appearance but also similar settings within the city and the same political role. From an urbanistic point of view, monumental arches not only embody the notion of urbanitas but are also monumental symbols allowing the cities to claim their allegiance to the Roman world. Considering the political role, monumental arches play a great part in the wide spreading of imperial ideology, as a manifestation of the emperor’s physical presence throughout the Empire
Barbau, Clémentine. "Romanisation et vie quotidienne : le petit mobilier de type italique en Gaule interne (IIe siècle av. J.-C. - Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG016/document.
Full textFor the last two centuries before our era, italic type objects, which means objects that are characterizing the material culture of Tardo-republican Italia, are progressively appearing in Gaul. The identification of these everyday objects and their typological and contextual analysis allow a renewed approach of the Gaul romanization phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to highlight, the chronological, spatial and cultural modalities of the diffusion of such furniture. The comparison of the results with the data provided by the ceramological and architectural studies allows to improve the description of the acculturation process. The behavioral diversity towards the reception of exogenous furniture is underlined by the nature of the sites and the diversity of the considered objects. Local elites, whether by participating in commercial exchanges or by joining the army, have played a major role in the interactions with Italia, from the diffusion of these objects to the integration of the new italic models
Klein, Alexis. "Pharnabaze et les Pharnacides : une dynastie de satrapes sur les rives de la Propontide (Ve-IVe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG011/document.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to reexamine the existence of the family of Persian governors, who were in charge as satraps of Hellespontic Phrygia in the age of the Achaemenid Empire in the Vth-IVth C. BC. and to assess their influence on Egean and Anatolian politics. As the examination of the Pharnacids is not only a genealogical study, but includes also political topics, it is necessary to distinguish their role as satraps from their family history. Accordingly, the first part addresses the origins of the Pharnacids, followed by a chronology of the satraps of Dasykleion from a political point of view. The third part exposes the permanent and recurrent features among the titleholders of the satrapy of Daskyleion. Finally, the last part presents our conclusions on the notion of family among the prominent Persians and focuses on the role of women, and it ends with an epilogue on the family’s fate after the fall of the Achaemenid Empire
Ducloux, Anne. "L'asile dans l'Église primitive du début du IVe au milieu du Ve siècle dans l'Orient et l'Occident du monde romain." Paris 12, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA120037.
Full textAppeared in the early ivth. Century from a popular practice, the christian churches'asylum asserted itself rapidly to the majority, untill it became a right which has been sanctionned by an imperial law, in the first half vth. Century
Brenez, Ingrid. "Julius Valérius et le corpus alexandrin du IVe siècle : présentation et traduction, suivies d'une étude de synthèse." Metz, 2003. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/UPV-M/Theses/2003/Brenez.Ingrid.LMZ0314_1.pdf.
Full textMoisand, Marie. "Les activités économiques des affranchis dans la cité de Narbonne : l’apport des données épigraphiques (Ier siècle av. J.-C. - IIe siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MON30055.
Full textFreedman has a particular position in the society of Roman Antiquity. He is undoubtedly a free man but is marked by a series of obligations inherited from slavery which characterizes all liberti. They concern notably work and earnings. Economy has then an essential place in the social identity of the former slaves. Skills and activities of freedmen are as various as the assignments of slaves. They can provide social evolution depending on the earnings and visibility they allow. They define the role of former slaves in their society and in their family. Thus, this study has both economic and social preoccupations. Based mostly on epigraphic sources, it adopts a local perspective focused on Narbonne to embrace all aspects of freedmen’s activities in their environment. What are freedmen’s activities ? How much social visibility and achievement do they allow ? How much autonomy can a freedman get from his patron ? Narbonne offers a privileged framework to answer these questions. The names of hundred of certain and probable freedmen who lived between the mid 1st century B.C. and the 2nd century A.D. are known from its epigraphic collections. The aim of this work is to characterize the economic activities of freedmen in Narbonne. It also deals with the integration of former slaves in economic and familial groups organized on a local, provincial or even larger scale. At last, by comparing the data from Narbonne to those of other cities, particularly Nîmes, this study wishes to measure the variability of the economic activities of freedmen from one context to another. Each part of this work integrates, as much as possible, information concerning the epigraphic support and its archeological context in order to better understand the information provided by the texts
Tummolo, Cosentino Maura Rosaria. "Céramique à vernis noir dans la Basilicate du Nord-Est : (IVe-Ier siècles av. J.-C.)." Aix-Marseille 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008AIX10067.
Full textHeitzmann, Samantha. "Fibules en contexte cultuel : étude d'une catégorie d'offrandes en Gaule du milieu du IIe s. av. J.-C. au IVe siècle de notre ère." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H091.
Full textTo date, there is no full monograph on the distribution of offerings in sanctuaries in roman Gaul, including ornaments. This thesis aims to fill this gap by taking into consideration the fibulas in cult context, white these are very often considered as objects of everyday life and studied as such. The fibulas's offering is examined from their intrasite spatial distribution by phase of attendance, and this on ail the sanctuaries of Gaul of the 2nd century BC to the 4th century AD. This work is done through distribution maps and statistical serialization tools. This analysis is complemented by the typo-chronological study of ail fibulas listed and by the study of furniture associations in the sanctuaries, with particular accentuation on ail objects of ornament, so that to identify specific religious practices and to work on the possible offering of elements that have now disappeared, such as clothing. Among other things, the modes of fibulas's deposit, their symbolism, their possible link with certain deities, or even individual or collective offerings are examined. This work finally allows to study the continuities and ruptures between the cult practices of the end of the Celtic period (LTD) and those after the Cesarean conquest, in order to deepen our knowledge of the process of romanization on the Gallic provinces
Mathé, Virginie. "Le prix de la construction en Grèce aux IVe et IIIe siècles avant J.-C. : étude sur les chantiers financés par les sanctuaires de Delphes, d’Epidaure et de Délos." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LYO20099.
Full textHow may we evaluate the cost of a greek building ? In this study, based on building accounts and on Delphi, Epidauros and Delos vestiges, we tried to answer this question following two ways. A greek building cost can be estimated while studying all epigraphical and architectural data of the site. We followed this path in the first third chapters treating of the Apollo temple in Delphi (1), the Asklepios temple and Tholos in Epidauros (2) and then nine temples and sanctuaries in Delos (Pôrinos, Grand temple d’Apollon, Pythion, Artemision, Archegesion, Kynthion, Asklepieion, Dioskourion, Thesmophorion) (3). We can also compare building accounts of several constructions in order to estimate materials, freight and work costs, and deduce from this data how the costs were fixed. The 4th chapter consists of researches on prices of timber, stones, moist clay bricks, tiles and metals. We have to be aware of that epigraphical data series are incomplete and not necessarily similar. It is hard to make connections between these and archeological evidences. We had to restrict our study to moistly 4th and 3rd c. B.C. cultual buildings financed by sanctuaries, and our conclusions would not be valid for any type of construction, any time or other classic economic sectors. We can only estimate, within a short range, the cost of the Apollo temple in Delphi and the Asklepios temple in Epidauros. The first one cost 400 talents, the second 24 talents. We can not give any conclusion for other buildings. The contexts are so different that it is difficult to give a representative price of materials. Anyway, people who ordered the construction of sanctuaries did not try to save money : they wanted these buildings to be an eloquent testimony to devotion and prestige
Bartzoka, Alexandra. "Le tribunal de l’Héliée : justice et Politique dans l’Athènes du VIe au IVe siècles avant J.-C." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100064.
Full textThe court of Heliaia is not only one of the most important institutions of Athenian democracy, but also reflects the structure of the democratic constitution of Athens in the fifth and fourth centuries. However, the fact that several sources attribute its origins to the reforms of Solon and the establishment of a timocratic constitution questions its explicit democratic and popular character. The issue is particularly interesting, given that each year six thousand non-professional Athenians are allotted and form the People’s Court. This fact implies that Heliaia is of prominent political significance, especially since the late fifth century. The importance of the judicial activity in the political life of Athenians, as well as its notable increase during the fourth century, were such that we often have the impression that the political conflicts occur not only in the Assembly but also in the People’s Court. Motivated from these issues, we first search for the period of the establishment of the institution of Heliaia and its historical context. Additionally, we aim to clarify its political character from the perspective of its function and trials, as well as from the perspective of its role in the political life of Athens. Indeed, the study of the literary and epigraphic sources allows us to conclude that, beyond the primary role of the Assembly of the People in the political decisions, there is another institution of popular composition involved in the political organization of the city, which is directly linked to the development of Athenian democracy
Popova, Olga. "Étude d'une archive d'une famille de notables de la ville d'Ur du VIe au IVe siècle av. J.-C. : l'archive des Gallābu." Thesis, Paris 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PA01H036.
Full textThis work presents the first complete and annotated edition of the texts from the Gallabu family archive, from the city of Ur in southern Babylonia. It is a family of prebendaries-barbers that left the longest known private archive in the first century BC. Documents of the archive cover over 260 years and include Neo-Babylonian, Achaemenid, and Hellenistic periods. The thesis provides an insight into the nature of the Gallabu archive and examines the history of the family and its heritage. The family of Gallabu is considered within a political and socio-economic context in order to study different aspects of the socio-economic life of the urban elite of the city of Ur in the first millennium BC, the second most important city in southern Babylonia at the time
Mège, Frédéric. "Habitat et urbanisme dans les cités grecques de Sicile orientale à l’époque hellénistique (IVe - IIIe s. av. J.-C.) : L’exemple de Mégara Hyblaea." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3036.
Full textThis thesis concerns the archaeology of the Greek colonies in Sicily. The main research focus is the domestic architecture and the urbanism of these cities, all located in Eastern Sicily. The time frame considered is the 4th and 3rd centuries BCE, during the Sicilian Hellenistic period.Following a presentation of the most relevant historical facts, the investigation focuses on the site of Megara Hyblaea, one of the first Greek colonies in Sicily; previously unpublished remains belonging to the period at issue are presented and analyzed. This in-depth study deals first with architectural elements, then with the rooms of houses and finally the house plans; identified habitations are thereafter set in their urban surrounding. Furthermore, each of these themes is tackled in a detailed and critical way through five other sites: Camarina, Gela, Morgantina, Syracuse and Tyndaris. This approach makes the comparisons easier and allows us to place the example of Megara in context. Finally, other more succinct case studies of Punic sites and indigenous sites widen the scope of this study to the whole of Hellenistic Sicily.The synthesis of this data is organized into two sections. The first part lays out the current state of research on housing and urbanism of the Greek cities in Eastern Sicily during the Hellenistic period and presents the most debated issues. In the second part, the author proposes conclusions to integrate the hypotheses and the breakthroughs arrived at in the course of this study
Sebaï, Bernard Meriem. "La vie religieuse dans les cités de Zeugitane (Ier-IVe siècle de notre ère)." Paris 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA010710.
Full textOlivier, Julien. "Archè et Chrèmata en Égypte au IIe siècle avant J.-C. (204 –81 av. J.-C.) : Étude de numismatique et d’histoire." Thesis, Orléans, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ORLE1132.
Full textThis study is dedicated to the Ptolemaic gold and silver coins as means of action of kings of Alexandria from the advent of Ptolemy V in 204 until the death of Ptolemy IX in 81. This expanded second century is usually considered as a time of deep crisis of the royal power, then battling against internal revolts in Egypt, dynastic fights and weakened by the loss of most of the foreign territories except Cyprus and Cyrene. In this context, the place and the role of the Ptolemaic issues in the management of the kingdom by the Ptolemies can be questioned. We listed 6 413 coins within a catalog to collect a maximum of information there as well as to realize a study of the levels of production throughout the all period. Then, an updated catalog of hoards and isolated finds is added. The second part is dedicated to the whole importanceas well as to the classifications of these broadcast issues which are discussed and sometimes revised with regards to the information gathered. For that purpose, the contribution of 380 elemental analysis of gold and silver coins achieved in the IRAMAT laboratory supplies a sum of new information. Finally, we try to insert the new data produced intothe general knowledge of the history of the Ptolemaic kingdom in the second century. The stake is to determine to what degree the use of coins can reflect the royal policies. It is also advisable to define the importance of this means of payment and in which cases it is used. In the end, the testimony of coinage allows us to analyze certain aspects of the reaction of the Ptolemaic royal power confronting difficulties met in the second century
Bouchaud, Charlène. "Paysage et pratiques d'exploitation des ressources végétales en milieux semi-aride et aride dans le sud du Proche-Orient : approche archéobotanique des périodes antique et islamique (IVe siècle aV. J.-C. - XVIe siècle ap. J.-C." Paris 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA010644.
Full textLe, Ven Pauline. "Les nouveaux visages de la muse au IVe siècle av. J.-C. = The Many-Headed Muse : tradition And Innovation in Fourth-Century B.C. Greek Lyric Poetry." Thesis, Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040234/document.
Full textThis dissertation gives an overview of the extant 800 lines of lyric poetry composed between 425 and 323 B.C. and tackles the question of the demise of mousikê in the late classical period. A first part collects the evidence for lyric composition and practice during that period, deconstructs the "death of lyric" fiction that the major litterary sources (Athenaeus and the De musica) present, and studies the evolution of the image of the lyric poet between archaic and late-classical times as reflected in anectotes. A second part focuses on the texts (dythrambs nomes hymns and paeans) and explores the dynamics between tradition and innovation in the production, performance, and reception of these lyric poems. By combining a close reading of the texts with attention to their intellectual and cultural context, I argue that our evidence suggests a tradition of lyric poetry that continuallya adapts to the new performance contexts and modes of transmission of the late classical period
Patrier, Julie. "Conservation et stockage des denrées alimentaires en Anatolie centrale au IIe siècle av. J. -C." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA1067.
Full textThis thesis aims to present the state of our knowledge on the question of preservation and storage of foodstuffs in the Ancient Near East and more particularly in Central Anatolia in the IInd millennium BC. Indeed, preservation and storage are essential mainstay of the food in any society, by allowing to make foodstuffs available. But beyond this aspect, the subject also allows to approach the everyday life of the ancient societies, at different levels: first of all the technical knowledge (methods of preservation, building of silos, etc. ) but also the social and economic, administrative and political organization. As an archaeologist, the priority was given to archaeological remains, but all available documentation has been taken into account, whether it concerns ceramic pots and seals, or involves written sources or data from archaeobotany, archaeozoology, entomology or chemical analyses. These data are also supplemented, their interpretation nuanced and deepened by information provided by experimental archaeology and ethno-archaeology. This interdisciplinary approach seems to be the only solution allowing to deal with such a subject to have in fine the most complete view possible