Journal articles on the topic 'Ius in re aliena'
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Kulauzov, Maša, and Milan Milutin. "Examples of provincial governors' jurisdictions in ius quod ad res pertinet in Rome." Zbornik radova Pravnog fakulteta, Novi Sad 56, no. 3 (2022): 705–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zrpfns56-40428.
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Several topics are covered in the paper. Firstly, a list of sources of law which regulates the issue of the jurisdictions of provincial governors is given form the broader ones to the narrower ones. Jurisdiction of a provincial governor used to come into being in the moment of his entrance to the province. In case he leaves it, his jurisdictions would stop and he would become a private individual. The substitution of the personal jurisdiction of provincial governors, which was significantly shaken by the constitution of Caracalla in 212, with the territorial one, appears to be obvious at the end of the Dominate. The governor used to have civil and military jurisdictions. The former included judicial and administrative powers. Judicial jurisdictions were comprised of those in criminal and those in civil matter. Out of scope of the civil matter, only the examples of the jurisdictions of provincial governors in the matter of property law have been covered in this paper, which, according to the tripartition of Gaius, amounts to ius quod ad res pertinet. Provincial governors were authorised to adjudicate on almost all disputes arising from the everyday life during the formation, protection and termination of rights, not only those related to possessio, dominium, and iura in re aliena, but also those in the matter of obligationes and inheritance.
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Šarkić, Srđan. "Rights over “The Property of Another” (Iura in re aliena) in Byzantine and Mediaeval Serbian Law." Vestnik Volgogradskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta. Serija 4. Istorija. Regionovedenie. Mezhdunarodnye otnoshenija, no. 6 (February 2021): 168–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/jvolsu4.2020.6.13.
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In some cases, when a person owned property, his rights over such property might be limited. The most important rights over another’s property, mentioned by Byzantine law and accepted in mediaeval Serbian legal sources are servitudes, pledge and emphyteusis. The rules on servitudes (δουλεία – rabota) penetrated in Serbian law at the beginning of 13th century, when Saint Sabba (Свети Сава) incorporated in his “Nomokanon” the whole Byzantine “Procheiron”. Its chapter XXXVIII, under the title “On novelties” (Περὶ καινοτομιῶν), contains different provisions, concerning the servitudes, mixed with administrative rules on building the new houses. That was the reason why Serbian translators of “Procheiron” entitled this chapter as “On building of new houses, reconstruction of the old and other things”. While the chapter XXXVIII of “Procheiron” contains 64 provisions, Matheas Blastares took in his “Syntagma” only 18, and created a short Chapter K-3 under the same title “On novelties” (“O novotvorenxhь” in Serbian translation). It contains, beside different decrees and prohibitions by administrative authorities, some urban servitudes, that could be changed by special agreements (συμφώνον – sьglasi«). Byzantine legal miscellanies always put together the rules on pledge in the same chapter with the provisions on loan, although modern legal science treats pledge as a part of the law of property and loan as a real contract and the part of the law of obligation. The chapter X of “Ecloga” has a title “On literal and unliteral loans and for them given pledges”; the chapter XVI of “Procheiron” is known under the title “On loan and pledge” and the chapter XXVIII of “Epanagoge” entitled “On loans and pledges”. For this reason, Matheas Blastares included the chapter Δ-2 under the title “On lenders, and loan, and pledges” in his “Syntagma”. Among Serbian legal sources, pledge was mentioned only in a few documents: these are so called “Justinian’s Law” (art. 26 and 27); King Milutin’s chrysobull, granted to the Hilandar’s pyrgos in Chrousija; King Dušan’s chrysobull, giving the church of Most Holy Virgin in Lipljan to the Hilandar’s pyrgos in Chrousija; and Dušan’s “Law Code” (art. 90). The chapter XV of the “Procheiron” has the title “On emphyteusis” and contains six provisions, speaking on emphyteusis of Church estates. Matheas Blastares introduced a short Chapter E-8, entitled “On emphyteusis” (“O nasa`denîi” in Serbian translation), in his “Syntagma”. Its chapter represents an interpretation of Justinian’s Novella CXX, chapters 2 and 8. In Serbian legal sources we can not find any information on emphyteusis.
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ROGNES, KNUT. "Revision of the Afrotropical species of the Bengalia peuhi species-group, including a species reassigned to the B. spinifemorata species-group (Diptera, Calliphoridae), with notes on the identity of Ochromyia petersiana Loew, 1852 (Diptera, Rhiniidae)." Zootaxa 3553, no. 1 (November 19, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3553.1.1.
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Eleven Afrotropical species of Bengalia Robineau-Desvoidy, ten in the Bengalia peuhi species-group and one reassignedto the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group, are revised. The male genitalia of all, and the ovipositor of six species, areillustrated by means of digital colour photography. A key to males is provided. Two species, i.e., Bengalia minor Malloch,1927 and Bengalia peuhi Villeneuve, 1914, are assigned to the Bengalia peuhi subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Five species, i.e., Bengalia depressa Walker, 1858, Bengalia floccosa Wulp, 1885, Bengalia gaillardi Surcouf &Guyon, 1912, Bengalia roubaudi Rickenbach, Hamon & Mouchet, 1960 and Bengalia tibiaria Villeneuve, 1926 areassigned to the Bengalia floccosa subgroup of the Bengalia peuhi species-group. Three species, i.e., Bengalia africanoidessp. nov., Bengalia aliena Malloch, 1927 and Bengalia wyatti (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., have been left as species incertaesedis in the Bengalia peuhi species-group. The eleventh species, Bengalia bantuphalla (Lehrer, 2005) comb. nov., is re-assigned to the Bengalia spinifemorata species-group. Bengalia africanoides sp. nov. has only 3 post dc setae, a featureunique for a species of Bengalia. A neotype is designated for Calliphora floccosa Wulp, 1885 (now in Bengalia), to fixthe interpretation of the name in accordance with current usage. Lectotypes are designated for Bengalia bekilyana Séguy,1935, Bengalia depressa, Bengalia gaillardi, Bengalia peuhi and Bengalia unicalcarata Villeneuve, 1913 to fix theinterpretation of the names. Bengalia africana Malloch, 1927 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia depressa,syn. nov. Bengalia cuthbertsoni Zumpt, 1956 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia tibiaria, syn. nov.Shakaniella sakinehae Lehrer, 2011 is established as a junior synonym of Shakaniella wyatti (now in Bengalia), syn. nov.Tsunamia yourubana Lehrer, 2005 is established as a junior synonym of Bengalia aliena, syn. nov. Ochromyia petersianaLoew, 1852 is removed from its current position as a doubtful senior synonym of Bengalia depressa and transferred to thegenus Thoracites Brauer & Bergenstamm, 1891 as Thoracites petersiana, comb. nov. in the Rhiniidae. This name is proposed as a senior synonym of Thoracites neglectus Zumpt, 1972, syn. nov.
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Salihu, Ekrem. "The Right of Pledge on Movable Items (Pignus) in Republic of Kosovo." European Journal of Social Sciences 2, no. 1 (March 30, 2019): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26417/ejss-2019.v2i1-55.
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The pledge is an item right based on which its official holder – the pledgee may seek the payment of his/her claims from the item if those aren’t paid within certain time limit. The right of pledge in the Republic of Kosovo constitutes a complex occurrence which has various relations on which at one side is the pledgee creditor, and in the other side are debtor pledgor and other third persons. The role of pledge and its affirmation is related to most qualitative changes of claims. The right of pledge as item right in foreign item (iura in re aliena) makes a history only to a certain degree of economic and social development. In this degree of development there was a need and necessity to secure the other’s claims even de facto, by the hand item, by ”pledging” of an item. The creditor requires that his claims to the debtor be secured by obtaining of a pledge of debtor item. The debtor’s conjunction of creditor by obtaining debtor’s item is safer for the creditor to realize its claims, rather than when the debtor secured these claims by his/her personality, bail, personal insurance. In the Kosovo legal system there is possessory pledge, non-possessory pledge and the pledge over the rights.
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Stefanović, Nenad. "Iura in re aliena - servitudes." Pravo - teorija i praksa 36, no. 4--6 (2019): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp1904048s.
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SALIHU, Ekrem. "The Right of Pledge on Movable items (Pignus) on Republic of Kosovo." PRIZREN SOCIAL SCIENCE JOURNAL 4, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.32936/pssj.v4i1.139.
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The pledge is an item right based on which its official holder – the pledgee may seek the payment of his/her claims from the item if those aren’t paid within certain time limit. The right of pledge in the Republic of Kosovo constitutes a complex occurrence which has various relations on which at one side is the pledgee creditor, and in the other side are debtor pledgor and other third persons. The role of pledge and its affirmation is related to most qualitative changes of claims.
The right of pledge as item right in foreign item (iura in re aliena) makes a history only to a certain degree of economic and social development. In this degree of development there was a need and necessity to secure the other’s claims even de facto, by the hand item, by ”pledging” of an item. The creditor requires that his claims to the debtor be secured by obtaining of a pledge of debtor item. The debtor’s conjunction of creditor by obtaining debtor’s item is safer for the creditor to realize its claims, rather than when the debtor secured these claims by his/her personality, bail, personal insurance. In the Kosovo legal system there is possessory pledge, non-possessory pledge and the pledge over the rights.
Key word: The Right of Pledge, Pignus, Mortgage, Pledge Object, Pledge Principles, Titles for Obtaining the Right of Pledge by the Hand Item.
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Chakedis, Jeffery M., Annie Tang, Gillian E. Kuehner, Brooke Vuong, Liisa L. Lyon, Lucinda A. Romero, Benjamin M. Raber, et al. "Implementation of Intraoperative Ultrasound Localization for Breast-Conserving Surgery in a Large, Integrated Health Care System is Feasible and Effective." Annals of Surgical Oncology 28, no. 10 (August 26, 2021): 5648–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1245/s10434-021-10454-8.
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Abstract Background Intraoperative ultrasound (IUS) localization for breast cancer is a noninvasive localization technique. In 2015, an IUS program for breast-conserving surgery (BCS) was initiated in a large, integrated health care system. This study evaluated the clinical results of IUS implementation. Methods The study identified breast cancer patients with BCS from 1 January to 31 October 2015 and from 1 January to 31 October 2019. Clinicopathologic characteristics were collected, and localization types were categorized. Clinical outcomes were analyzed, including localization use, surgeon adoption of IUS, day-of-surgery intervals, and re-excision rates. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate predictors of re-excision. Results The number of BCS procedures increased 23%, from 1815 procedures in 2015 to 2226 procedures in 2019. The IUS rate increased from 4% of lumpectomies (n = 79) in 2015 to 28% of lumpectomies (n = 632) in 2019 (p < 0.001). Surgeons using IUS increased from 6% (5 of 88 surgeons) in 2015 to 70% (42 of 60 surgeons) in 2019. In 2019, 76% of IUS surgeons performed at least 25% of lumpectomies with IUS. The mean time from admission to incision was shorter with IUS or seed localization than with wire localization (202 min with IUS, 201 with seed localization, 262 with wire localization in 2019; p < 0.001). The IUS re-excision rates were lower than for other localization techniques (13.6%, vs 19.6% for seed localization and 24.7% for wire localization in 2019; p = 0.006), and IUS predicted lower re-excision rates in a multivariable model (odds ratio [OR], 0.59). Conclusions In a high-volume integrated health system, IUS was adopted for BCS by a majority of surgeons. The use of IUS decreased the time from admission to incision compared with wire localization, and decreased re-excision rates compared with other localization techniques.
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Scheibelreiter, Philipp. "Zum Klagsziel der actio pigneraticia in personam contraria in D. 13,7,9pr." Tijdschrift voor Rechtsgeschiedenis 88, no. 1-2 (June 25, 2020): 50–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718190-00880a07.
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Summary In D. 13,7,9pr. (Ulp. 28 ad ed.) a debtor, who has handed over a res aliena as pledge to a creditor, will be sued with the iudicium contrarium. Whereas most handbooks of Roman law understand the aim of the actio pigneraticia contraria as the debtor’s duty to replace the res aliena by a new pledge, owned by the debtor, the sources do not necessarily lead to this conclusion. From the procedural perspective and the condemnatio pecuniaria of classical Roman law (instead of specific performance) this solution seems to be problematic and may have been developed under in any case influence of Justinianic law. Also on the basis of the concept of pignus as obligatio re contracta, it is submitted that the debtor’s obligation could only have concerned the alien thing itself; beside this, the aim of the actio contraria was compensation for the creditor’s damages.
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El-Shamy, El-Sayed, Abd-Elhamid shaheen, and Haitham Hamza. "The Safety, Acceptability and Continuation Rate of Immediate Versus Delayed Insertion of Levonorgestrel Releasing Intrauterine System Following First Trimester Surgical Abortion: An Observational Study." SOJ Gynecology , Obstetrics & Women's Health 4, no. 1 (March 5, 2018): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.15226/2381-2915/4/1/00130.
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Objective: To assess the safety, acceptability and six-month continuation rate of immediate versus delayed insertion of the levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) following surgical termination of first trimester pregnancy. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted on 180 patients who underwent surgical abortion and opted for LNGIUS and divided into two groups; immediate group=86 and delayed group=94. Pain scores, adverse effects, acceptability and continuation rate were recorded. Results: More patients in the delayed insertion group exhibited higher perception of pain (p< 0.001) and requested additional analgesia upon LNG-IUS insertion (p< 0.05) with no significant difference between the two groups regarding other adverse effects (fainting, abnormal vaginal bleeding, expulsion and pelvic infection), request for removal and re-insertion of LNG-IUS (p>0.05). The continuation rate and patient acceptability in terms of overall satisfaction and recommendation to other women, were comparable between the two groups (p>0.05) while overall discomfort was higher in the delayed group at one, three and six months after insertion (p< 0.05) Conclusion: Although immediate insertion of LNG-IUS after first trimester surgical abortion has higher expulsion rate, yet it has lower pain intensity, request for additional analgesia and overall discomfort compared to delayed insertion of LNG-IUS with comparable continuation and acceptability rates at 6 months after insertion. Keywords: levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine system; abortion; post abortive contraception
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Singh, Arushi, Poonam Mani, Shashi Prateek, Lalita Yadav, and Eshna Gupta. "Impact of levonorgestrel intrauterine system on metabolic parameters." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 8, no. 3 (February 26, 2019): 830. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20190433.
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Background: Hormonal contraceptive is suggested to affect parameters like body mass index, body weight, blood pressure (BP), blood sugar, lipid protein, and liver function test (LFT) but effect of LNG-IUS on those parameters is still uncertain. The aim of the present study was to study the effects of LNG-IUS on the metabolic parameters.Methods: Sixty women who opted for LNG-IUS for various indications were included in the study. Lipid profile, liver function tests (LFT), glucose levels [fasting and post prandial (PP)], and hemoglobin (Hb) were tested. Bimanual genital examination and transvaginal-ultrasonography was done prior to LNG-IUS insertion. Any problems observed were recorded. The subjects were re-evaluated after 6 and 9 months on their subsequent visits. Data were analyzed using paired “t” test. P value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Mean age of the patients was 35.5±6.79 years. Maximum number 50 (83.3%) had abnormal uterine bleeding (ovulatory dysfunction, endometrial, iatrogenic, not yet classified) [AUB (OEIN)]. Mean pictorial blood loss assessment chart (PBAC) score of patients was 164.7±56.72 and mean Hb level 11.15±1.75g/dL. LNG-IUS showed no significant adverse effects on anthropometric parameters at 6- and 9-month follow-up. Significant change was seen in total cholesterol (TC), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) values at follow-up (p<0.0001).Conclusions: In conclusion, amongst Asian population, the LNG-IUS does not have any adverse effects on metabolic parameters, TGs, LDL and blood sugar levels.
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Madsen, G. R., R. Wilkens, T. Boysen, J. Burisch, R. Bryant, D. Carter, K. Gecse, et al. "P287 The knowledge and skills needed to perform intestinal ultrasound – An international Delphi consensus survey." Journal of Crohn's and Colitis 16, Supplement_1 (January 1, 2022): i319—i320. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab232.414.
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Abstract Background Intestinal Ultrasound (IUS) is a non-invasive modality for monitoring disease activity in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). IUS training currently lacks well-defined standards and international consensus on IUS competency criteria. Hence, the aim of this study was to achieve international consensus on what competencies should be expected from a newly certified IUS practitioner. Methods A three-round iterative Delphi process was conducted among 54 IUS experts from across 17 countries. Round 1 was a brainstorming phase with an open-ended question to identify the knowledge and skills that the experts believed a newly certified IUS practitioner should have. The experts’ suggestions were summarised and organised into statements by a Steering Committee. Round 2 allowed the experts to provide comments and to rate the statements on a five-point Likert scale by level of agreement, i.e., how much they agreed or disagreed that a newly certified IUS practitioner should have a specific knowledge or skill. Statements were revised based on the comments and ratings from the experts. In round 3, the experts re-rated the revised statements. Statements achieving the pre-defined consensus-criterion (at least 70% agreement) were included in the final list of consensus statements. Results 858 items were suggested by the experts in first round. Based on the suggested items, 55 statements were summarised and organised into three categories; knowledge, technical skills and interpretation skills. After the second round, two statements were merged and one statement was excluded, leaving 53 revised statements. After the third and final Delphi round, a total of 41 statements were included in the final list of consensus statements. Conclusion We established an international consensus on the knowledge and skills that should be expected from a newly certified IUS practitioner. The inception of these consensus statements is the first step in the process of developing training standards. Educators can utilize these consensus statements to guide them in designing training programs and in evaluating the competencies of trainees before they engage in independent practice.
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Bonnet, Piero A. "Diritto e potere nel momento originario della «potestas hierarchica» nella Chiesa. Statto della dottrina in una questione canonisticamente disputata." Ius Canonicum 15, no. 29 (March 27, 2018): 77–158. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/016.15.20561.
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Notum est quod thema de origine potestatis in Ecclesia necnon de relationibus inter potestatem et ius, inter sic dictum momentum sacramentale et iuridicum, inter ius divinum et ius humanum, Samper particulari attentione ex parte doctrinae canonicae gavisum esto Post Concilium, obviis de causis, haec quaestio iterum proposita est tamquam elementum praevium et fundamentale super quod in alterutro sensu fundamenta totius structurae iuridicae Ecclesiae iacere possibile sit. Positio quae quoad hanc quaestionem sumatur necessario in maiorem partem solutionum repercutit quae posterius pro concretis suppositis, situationibus, institutionibus, etc., sugeruntur. In hoc contextu amplum et documentatum opus Petri A. Bonnet inseritur. Etiamsi observationes personales frequentes sint, tamen auctor directe visionem generalem positionum doctrinalium recentiorum super thema oferre praetendit. Cohaerenter cum fine persecuto, opus circa sequentia capita evolvitur: 1) Doctrina traditionalis et theoria de duplici origine potestatis hierarchicae in Ecclesia. 2) Duplex linea organizationis ecclesiasticae (Hervada et Souto). 3) Doctrina de complementarietate potestatum (Mörsdorf). 4) Bertrams et doctrina de unitate potestatum. In fine, per modum conclusionis, sermonem generalem introductionis resumendo, proprium sententiam de re, quae in controversiam venit, breviter ponit, praefiniendo hoc modo etiam propriam mentem circa positiones doctrinales anteriores
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Huculak, Benedykt. "Persona sustentat naturam, et non eam 'substantificat'. De corrigenda editione libri Ioannis Duns Scoti." Teologia w Polsce 4, no. 1 (April 6, 2020): 13–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31743/twp.2010.4.1.02.
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Notiones ‘naturae’ et ‘personae’ sunt magni ponderis non solum in re philosophica, sed etiam in theologia, quod earum rectus usus necessarius est ad indicandum, in quonam consitant fidei catholicae arcana vel duo principalia, nempe veritas de Deo trino et de Domino Iesu Christo, vero Deo veroque homine. Nunc de eis scribendum venit propter mutationes factas ab hodierno praeside coetūs Scotistici in edendo libro beati Ioannis Duns Scoti de Incarnatione: in volumine, quod prodiit anno 2006, continens multa aliena cum a mente tum a codicibus Doctoris Subtilis. Praesidi pluries comiterque dictum est ab eiusmodi interventibus abstinedum esse, idque illi patefactum “non singularitate contentiosa vincendi, sed humilitate concordandi” – quemadmodum declaratum est de ipso Ioanne – simulque iuxta Evangelii legem de correctione primum facienda sine ullo teste (Mt. 18, 15-17).
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Ma, Pengtao, Guohao Han, Qi Zheng, Shiyu Liu, Fangpu Han, Jing Wang, Qiaoling Luo, and Diaoguo An. "Development of Novel Wheat-Rye Chromosome 4R Translocations and Assignment of Their Powdery Mildew Resistance." Plant Disease 104, no. 1 (January 2020): 260–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-19-0160-re.
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Rye (Secale cereale L.) is an important gene donor for wheat improvement because of its many valuable traits, especially disease resistance. Development of novel wheat-rye translocations with disease resistance can contribute to transferring resistance into common wheat. In a previous study, a wheat-rye T4BL·4RL and T7AS·4RS translocation line (WR41-1) was developed by distant hybridization, and it was speculated that its resistance to powdery mildew, caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. tritici (Bgt), was derived from rye based on pedigree analysis. To make accurate use of chromosome 4R in wheat improvement, a set of new 4R translocations involving different arm translocations (e.g., 4RS monosomic, 4RL monosomic, 4RL disomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL monosomic, 4RS monosomic plus 4RL disomic, and 4RS disomic plus 4RL disomic translocations) was developed from crosses with common wheat. Those translocations were characterized by genomic in situ hybridization and expressed sequence tag simple sequence repeat marker analysis. To confirm the source of powdery mildew resistance, the translocation plants were tested against Bgt isolate E09. The results indicated that all translocations with 4RL were resistant at all tested growth stages, whereas those with only 4RS translocation or no alien translocation were susceptible. This further indicated that the powdery mildew resistance of WR41-1 was derived from the alien chromosome arm 4RL. To effectively use 4RL resistance in wheat improvement, two competitive allele-specific PCR markers specific for chromosome arm 4RL were developed to detect the alien chromosome in the wheat genome. These new translocation lines with diagnostic markers can efficiently serve as important bridges for wheat improvement.
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Dickey, Eleanor. "O egregie grammatice: the vocative problems of Latin words ending in -ius." Classical Quarterly 50, no. 2 (December 2000): 548–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cq/50.2.548.
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A long-lasting and sometimes acrimonious debate over the correct vocative form of second-declension Latin words in -ius began more than 800 years ago. For the past century most classicists have considered the matter to be settled, and little discussion on the subject has taken place. Yet the century-old conclusions we now so unthinkingly accept are based on very little evidence and are internally inconsistent in some of their details. The past hundred years have provided us not only with more Latin to work with, better tools for search and analysis, and a more complete knowledge of the history of the Latin language, but also with a new understanding and respect for the ancient grammarians and their views on the structure of their language. It is time to re-examine the ancient and modern views on the vocative of -ius words, to see whether any viable conclusions can be drawn and whether the ancient grammarians may have more to contribute than our predecessors believed.
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Iurlaro, Francesca. "Grotius, Dio Chrysostom and the ‘Invention’ of Customary ius gentium." Grotiana 39, no. 1 (December 18, 2018): 15–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18760759-03900002.
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This article tackles the issue of whether and how Hugo Grotius conceives of custom as a formal source of the law of nations. The main claim of it is that not only custom plays a fundamental role in Grotius’s thought, but that his reflections mark a fundamental turning point for the history of customary international law. A crucial role in this process of re-conceptualization is played by Grotius’s reading of Dio Chrysostom, whose oration On custom provides him with an integrated account of custom as a ‘normative practice’ based on rhetorical judgment (as opposed to the Scholastic interpretation of custom as reiteration of voluntary acts). Consequently, I argue that Dio Chrysostom’s text helps Grotius to transpose the question of the normative legitimacy of custom from a moral to an interpretative level. To conclude, I will show that Grotius adopts two different rhetorical strategies to prove the existence of customary norms of ius gentium.
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Sorice, Rosalba. "Sorice, Rosalba, La teoria del versari in re illicita nel pensiero di Giovanni d'Andrea: dolus generalis?" Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 105, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 99–152. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgk-2019-0004.
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Abstract The theory of versari in re illicita in the thougth of Giovanni d'Andrea: dolus generalis? Jurists of the ius commune age are engaged on several fronts in the long process of building human responsibility in the criminal field. The doctores elaborate their thoughts in a context that does not yet know the clear boundaries of criminal law as an autonomous legal science. The reflections of scientia iuris, engaged in the various fields of the right to construct juridical figures that respond to the needs of the ever-changing society, contribute in a decisive way to defining different forms of personal criminal responsibility that slowly detach from the ex-facto responsibility of the high-medieval centuries.
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Király, Gergely, and Antun Alegro. "Re-evaluation of the Panicum capillare complex (Poaceae) in Croatia." Acta Botanica Croatica 74, no. 1 (March 1, 2015): 173–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/botcro-2015-0004.
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Abstract The Panicum capillare complex includes several taxa, among them P. capillare L., which is usually considered to be an established alien throughout Europe, whereas other species are recorded only as casuals. A new representative of the complex, P. riparium H. Scholz was described from Germany in 2002, and shortly after its description was recorded in several countries on the continent. In the course of herbarium revisions and recent field studies the authors documented several localities of the species in Croatia as well. The paper presents a new key for the determination of Croatian species of the complex and anticipates the invasion of P. riparium in the sub-Mediterranean regions of the Balkan Peninsula.
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Yatron, Cassandra. "30 Years Later, Re-Examining the “Pretty Soldier”." Journal of Anime and Manga Studies 3 (December 14, 2022): 1–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.21900/j.jams.v3.948.
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December of 2021 marks the 30th anniversary of Naoko Takeuchi’s Bishojo Senshi Sailor Moon (Pretty Soldier Sailor Moon) manga (1991-1997), and March of 2022 will mark the 30th anniversary of Toei Animation’s Bishojo Senshi Sailor Moon anime (1992-1997). The series follows Sailor Moon as she defends Tokyo and the galaxy against alien enemies. While there seems to be controversy over whether Sailor Moon can be read as a feminist text, Sailor Moon still maintains its status as a feminist and queer magical girl series. Although there has been some scholarship on the magical girl genre and gender roles in manga and anime, there has not been much written about Sailor Moon specifically. As an influential series that is still relevant in pop culture, further analysis of this text is necessary to identify its feminist and queer nature. Despite being three decades old, Sailor Moon still maintains its status as a feminist and queer magical girl series. My argument is that on the surface, the Sailor Moon franchise appears to be a heteronormative and an (arguably) antifeminist series with traditional heterosexual relationships and gender stereotypes, but upon closer examination, the manga and anime series subvert patriarchal and gender stereotypes in both obvious and discrete ways.
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Strohm, Christoph. "Religion und Recht in der Frühen Neuzeit." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Kanonistische Abteilung 102, no. 1 (September 1, 2016): 283–316. http://dx.doi.org/10.26498/zrgka-2016-0112.
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Abstract Religion and Law in the Early Modern history. The devaluation of the canon law by Protestant Reformers promoted the system-oriented presentations of law based on Roman law. Also in ius publicum there is a significant majority of Protestant authors. The situation differs from natural law and law of nations where the discourse of the 16th century was broadly determined by Catholic authors, specifically by the so called Spanish late scholasticism. In the Spanish empire fundamental works on natural law and law of nations were created. This came to an end in consequence of a „re-theologisation“ of the judicial discourse in the Jesuit led Tridentine Counter- Reformation. During the 17th century - starting with Hugo Grotius (1625) - we see primarily Protestant authors in the field.
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Rozwadowski, Władysław. "RZYMSKA KONCEPCJA WŁASNOŚCI W KULTURZE PRAWNEJ EUROPY." Zeszyty Prawnicze 10, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2010.10.1.02.
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ROMAN CONCEPT OF OWNERSHIP IN THE EUROPEAN LEGAL CULTURE Summary Ownership is a fundamental subjective right as well as a basis of freedom. The Roman concept of property was very broad, at first uniform and then differentiating between the dominium ex iure Quiritium and other forms of ownership (bonitary and in the provinces). According to Justinian’s constitution from 530 AD, ownership was to become uniform again. The common opinion that Roman jurists did not reach a precise definitione of ownership seems too far-reaching. It is possible that such a definitione existed but was not included in the Digest. Four basic rights of the owner were listed by the glossators and then Bartolus de Saxoferrato defined ownership as ius de re corporali perfecte disponendi, nisi lege prohibeatur.
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Henry, Etienne. "The Road to Collective Security: Soviet Russia, the League of Nations, and the Emergence of the ius contra bellum in the Aftermath of the Russian Revolution (1917–1934)." Journal of the History of International Law / Revue d’histoire du droit international 22, no. 2-3 (October 21, 2020): 355–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718050-12340155.
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Abstract This article argues that the quest for ‘peaceful coexistence’, sometimes depicted as an inherent quality of Soviet foreign policy, rather reflects a re-interpretation of actual practice in the light of subsequent developments – in connection with the emergence of Joseph Stalin’s doctrine of Socialism in one country. The latter was primarily inspired by tactical necessities rather than doctrinal dogmas. Even though Soviet Russia was perceived and sometimes acted as an outsider, if not a disrupting agent, until the accession of the USSR to membership in the League of Nations in 1934, Soviet foreign legal policy discourse in the 1920s and early 1930s, with its increasing focus on ‘peaceful coexistence’ and collective security rather than world proletarian revolution, contributed substantively to the emergence and development of modern ius contra bellum.
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Pastuszko, Marian. "Wprowadzenie do kanoniczno-liturgicznego prawa o sakramentach świętych (kanony 834-839)." Prawo Kanoniczne 35, no. 3-4 (December 10, 1992): 85–145. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/pk.1992.35.3-4.04.
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Hoc in articulo itroductio, duae partes et conclusio habentur. In introductione auctor dicit, quod de canonibus 834—839 Codicis Juris Canonici a Papa Joanne — Paulo II promulgati tractat. Sed primum notionem ipsius Ecclesiae praebet. Quia ius de sacramentis tam hoc canonicum quam hoc liturgicum conditum est ab Ecclesia, saltem aliqua elementa scientiae ipsam Ecclesiam attingentis studentibus ius canonico — liturgicum omnino necessaria videntur. Hac de causa in parte prima sui articuli notionem Ecclesiae auctor elaborat. Quae quaestio difficultatibus non caret. Etenim Ecclesia simul est non solum societas perfecta sed etiam Corpus Christi Mysticum, Populus Dei, Mysterium, Sacramentum, et Communio. Altera in parte (longiore) canones 834—839 breviter exponuntur. — Can. 834 § 1 notionem liturgiae continet. — In can 834 § 2 conditiones ecclesiastici cultus publici statutae sunt. In can. 835 §§ 1 — 4 personae munus sanctificandi in Ecclesia exercentes numerantur, nempe: episcopi, presbyteri, diaconi, acolythi, lectores, coniuges — parentes, ceterique christifideles. In can. 835 norma datur de fide eiusque excitatione neconn illustratione. Ad norman can. 837 §§ 1—2 actus liturgici non sunt actiones privatae sed ad universum corpus Ecclesiae pertinent. Propterea cum frequentia et actuosa participatione christifidelium celebrantur. Can 838 §§ 1—4 declarat quod moderatio sacrae liturgiae unice ab auctoritate ecclesiastica exercetur. Hac de causa leges in re liturgica dant solummodo: Sedes Apostolica, Conferentiae Episcoporum et singuli episcopi dioecesani. De mediis sanctificandi ad sacram liturgiam non pertinentibus seu de oratione, paenitentia et de caritatis operibus, in can. 839 §§ 1—2 norma habetur. In fine articuli, nonnullos libros liturgicos a Sede Apostolica in Civitate Vaticana editos nondum nostra in patria publicatos esse, auctor vehementer dolet.
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Gudžinskas, Zigmantas, Lukas Petrulaitis, and Lina Arlikevičiūtė. "Vaccinium Macrocarpon – A new Alien Plant Species in Lithuania." Botanica Lithuanica 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2014): 41–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/botlit-2014-0005.
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Abstract Gudžinskas Z., Petrulaitis L., Arlikevičiūtė L., 2014: Vaccinium macrocarpon - a new alien plant species in Lithuania [Stambiauogė spanguolė (Vaccinium macrocarpon) - nauja svetimžemė rūšis Lietuvoje]. - Bot. Lith., 20(1): 41-45. Extensive colonies of V. macrocarpon Aiton were found in 2013 during the investigations of the flora of Rėkyva wetland complex (Šiauliai district) in a cutover and abandoned Piktmiškis peatbog situated in the environs of Rėkyva village. This species was widely distributed on about 31 ha area and solitary individuals or small patches were recorded in various distance from the dense population in bog woodlands. It is supposed that seeds of this species were dispersed by birds. V. macrocarpon should be treated as a naturalized species in Lithuania. Recommendation to use V. macrocarpon for re-cultivation of cutover peatbogs should be considered with caution in order to avoid its probable invasions in natural, disturbed and degraded bog habitats. Notes on cranberry nomenclature and taxonomy are also provided
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Abrego, Leisy, Mat Coleman, Daniel E. Martínez, Cecilia Menjívar, and Jeremy Slack. "Making Immigrants into Criminals: Legal Processes of Criminalization in the Post-IIRIRA Era." Journal on Migration and Human Security 5, no. 3 (September 2017): 694–715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/233150241700500308.
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During a post-election TV interview that aired mid-November 2016, then President-Elect Donald Trump claimed that there are millions of so-called “criminal aliens” living in the United States: “What we are going to do is get the people that are criminal and have criminal records, gang members, drug dealers, we have a lot of these people, probably two million, it could be even three million, we are getting them out of our country or we are going to incarcerate.” This claim is a blatant misrepresentation of the facts. A recent report by the Migration Policy Institute suggests that just over 800,000 (or 7 percent) of the 11 million undocumented individuals in the United States have criminal records.1 Of this population, 300,000 individuals are felony offenders and 390,000 are serious misdemeanor offenders — tallies which exclude more than 93 percent of the resident undocumented population (Rosenblum 2015, 22–24). Moreover, the Congressional Research Service found that 140,000 undocumented migrants — or slightly more than 1 percent of the undocumented population — are currently serving time in prison in the United States (Kandel 2016). The facts, therefore, are closer to what Doris Meissner, former Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) Commissioner, argues: that the number of “criminal aliens” arrested as a percentage of all fugitive immigration cases is “modest” (Meissner et al. 2013, 102–03). The facts notwithstanding, President Trump's fictional tally is important to consider because it conveys an intent to produce at least this many people who — through discourse and policy — can be criminalized and incarcerated or deported as “criminal aliens.” In this article, we critically review the literature on immigrant criminalization and trace the specific laws that first linked and then solidified the association between undocumented immigrants and criminality. To move beyond a legal, abstract context, we also draw on our quantitative and qualitative research to underscore ways immigrants experience criminalization in their family, school, and work lives. The first half of our analysis is focused on immigrant criminalization from the late 1980s through the Obama administration, with an emphasis on immigration enforcement practices first engineered in the 1990s. Most significant, we argue, are the 1996 Illegal Immigration Reform and Immigration Responsibility Act (IIRIRA) and the 1996 Antiterrorism and Effective Death Penalty Act (AEDPA). The second section of our analysis explores the social impacts of immigrant criminalization, as people's experiences bring the consequences of immigrant criminalization most clearly into focus. We approach our analysis of the production of criminality of immigrants through the lens of legal violence (Menjívar and Abrego 2012), a concept designed to understand the immediate and long-term harmful effects that the immigration regime makes possible. Instead of narrowly focusing only on the physical injury of intentional acts to cause harm, this concept broadens the lens to include less visible sources of violence that reside in institutions and structures and without identifiable perpetrators or incidents to be tabulated. This violence comes from structures, laws, institutions, and practices that, similar to acts of physical violence, leave indelible marks on individuals and produce social suffering. In examining the effects of today's ramped up immigration enforcement, we turn to this concept to capture the violence that this regime produces in the lives of immigrants. Immigrant criminalization has underpinned US immigration policy over the last several decades. The year 1996, in particular, was a signal year in the process of criminalizing immigrants. Having 20 years to trace the connections, it becomes evident that the policies of 1996 used the term “criminal alien” as a strategic sleight of hand. These laws established the concept of “criminal alienhood” that has slowly but purposefully redefined what it means to be unauthorized in the United States such that criminality and unauthorized status are too often considered synonymous (Ewing, Martínez, and Rumbaut 2015). Policies that followed in the 2000s, moreover, cast an increasingly wider net which continually re-determined who could be classified as a “criminal alien,” such that the term is now a mostly incoherent grab bag. Simultaneously and in contrast, the practices that produce “criminal aliens” are coherent insofar as they condition immigrant life in the United States in now predictable ways. This solidity allows us to turn in our conclusion to some thoughts about the likely future of US immigration policy and practice under President Trump.
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Iannilli, Valentina, Francesca Lecce, and Leonardo Latella. "Genotoxic effects induced by glyphosate-based herbicide on two gammarid species: the invasive Dikerogammarus villosus (Sowinsky, 1894) (Crustacea, Amphipoda) and the native Echinogammarus veneris (Heller, 1865)." Fundamental and Applied Limnology / Archiv für Hydrobiologie 193, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/fal/2019/1233.
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Freshwater communities all over the world suffer from anthropogenic stresses such as pesticide contamination. This stress acts as a selective force, inducing alteration in both the composition of species and their relative abundances. In the present work, we tested the genotoxic effect of the glyphosate-based herbicide Roundup® on two freshwater gammarid species. The tests were carried out on the native Echinogammarus veneris, and the invasive alien species, Dikerogammarus villosus. The latter is native to the Ponto-Caspian region and has now spread to many large European aquatic ecosystems. It has displaced native gammarids and is considered one of the most disruptive alien species in Europe. The genotoxic effect of Roundup® was measured by DNA fragmentation re- vealed by comet assay, after either 24 hours or 7 days of exposure. The results obtained demonstrate the genotoxic potential of Roundup® on both species and highlight the higher tolerance of D. villosus to its genotoxic potential.
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Antunes, Filipa, and Alec Plowman. "‘Ages five and up’: Alien toys for children and the question of horror’s histories." Horror Studies 13, no. 1 (April 1, 2022): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/host_00043_1.
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This article considers the children’s toys made by Kenner for the original release of Alien (1979) and argues that they present a challenge to some of the most frequently repeated assumptions about the horror genre and its history. Specifically, the article questions the ‘natural’ association between horror and transgression, and the genre’s supposed separation from child audiences, noting the way these assumptions become tangled with notions of quality. The article historicizes Kenner’s Alien line in the context of the 1970s toy industry and the rest of children’s culture, including film franchises, where horror and monster adventures were popular children’s entertainment. The article then matches these findings to an analysis of Alien’s original critical reception, suggesting Alien as a text held between coexisting definitions of horror in 1970s culture: a genre for all-ages entertainment, as defined dominantly across pop culture, but also a (film) genre where emerging intensity was allowed by the newly introduced R rating. The article thus argues for the need to question traditional histories of horror and re-examine their limiting assumptions about children, transgression and quality. Moreover, the article highlights the need to look beyond single media industries when exploring the cultural expression of the horror genre and of ‘canonical’ texts, especially where franchise relationships are involved.
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Zabłocki, Jan. "Ennius o ‘manum conserere’ według ‘Noctes Atticae’ Aulusa Gelliusa." Zeszyty Prawnicze 20, no. 4 (December 15, 2020): 165–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/zp.2020.20.4.08.
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Pewne wyrażenia prawne, znane niegdyś ogólnie, z czasem stają się niezrozumiałe. Ciekawym przykładem tego jest sformułowanie ex iure manum consertum omawiane przez antykwarystę. Aulus Gellius zapytał Sulpiciusa Apollinarisa słynnego wówczas znawcę literatury co oznaczają słowa ex iure manum consertum. Ten w odrzekł mu, że jest znawcą literatury a nie prawa, a tego sformułowania nie ma na kartach Annales. Kiedy jednak Gellius wyrecytował tę frazę z dzieła Enniusa, Supicius Apollinaris skonstatował, że Ennnius zaczerpnął je od jakiegoś jurysty i odesłał Gelliusa do jurystów i ich dzieł. Gellius po zbadaniu sprawy doszedł do wniosku, że, jeśli toczył się spór (in iure) o jakąś rzecz (de re) znajdującą się (in re praesenti) przed pretorem, czy to o grunt, czy o coś innego, trzymając tę rzecz w ręku (in iure manum consererent), dokonywano jej windykacji w uroczystych słowach. Z czasem, po rozszerzeniu granic państwa, pretorzy nadmiernie zajęci w sprawach dotyczących windykacji udawali się niechętnie daleko położonych spornych rzeczy. Zatem, za milczącym przyzwoleniem (tacito consensu), wbrew Ustawie XII Tablic zezwolili, aby toczący spór udawali się na grunt, o który toczył się spór, i przynosili grudkę jakąś z niego, jakby całą ziemię przed pretora na sąd (in ius) i przy pomocy tej grudki (ex iure manum consertum), tak jakby na całym gruncie dokonywali windykacji.
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MACRAE, DUNCAN. "‘THE LAWS OF THE RITES AND OF THE PRIESTS’: VARRO AND LATE REPUBLICAN ROMAN SACRAL JURISPRUDENCE." Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies 60, no. 2 (December 1, 2017): 34–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/2041-5370.12055.
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Abstract: Starting from Cicero's famous panegyric on Varro's Antiquitates and attempting to look past the image of the book provided by Augustine, this article proposes a new reading of that work and its place in late Republican intellectual culture. Cicero's specific claim that Varro opened up ‘the laws of the rites and of the priests’ for his readers allows us to contextualize the Antiquitates within a contemporary jurisprudence. The rise of Roman legal studies in general in the first century bc extended to the laws of the priestly colleges: there are signs of lively debate over their nature and the production of texts on the details of these iura. By re-reading the fragments from the Antiquitates alongside the evidence for this sacral-legal turn, we can gain both a new appreciation for the place of law (ius) in Varro's textualization of Roman religion and a fuller understanding of Republican legal thinking.
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Sparks, L. "Space Wars: Wm Low and the ‘Auld Enemy’." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 28, no. 8 (August 1996): 1465–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a281465.
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Food retailers in the United Kingdom in recent years have waged a battle for market share through their expansion plans. Their capital ‘grounding’ has (re)structured space in a real sense. Much discussion of this has been either at the micro level in terms of catchment areas and local competitive effects or at the national or supranational level through consideration of business strategies and investment and, in particular, internationalisation strategies. In this paper an intermediate-level approach is taken by looking at the attempts by a ‘Scottish’ retailer to conquer first its national space and then an ‘alien’ territory, before its ultimate demise at the hands of retailers representing the ‘auld enemy’. The discussion is presented within a framework of retail restructuring and spatial diffusion.
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Castaño, Luis Ociel. "El primer panamericanismo: puente entre el derecho de gentes y el derecho internacional." Precedente. Revista Jurídica 12 (January 9, 2018): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.18046/prec.v12.2651.
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Este ensayo ofrece una mirada integral y analítica, desprovista de la tradicional emotividad patriotera con la que se asume, por lo general, el estudio de la página inicial de los anales políticos latinoamericanos, siempre en construcción, nunca acabada y de vigencia permanente,1 relacionada con el intento de (re)integración política americana. Se ocupa de una coyuntura precisa en la que apenas si se consolidaba tímidamente la independencia de las nuevas entidades estatales que surgían al concierto internacional, más que por la fuerza de las armas, por las circunstancias propias del momento, que le imposibilitaban a una convulsa y contradictoria España asumir el proceso de reconquista de buena parte de sus antiguos territorios ultramarinos, inmersa, como se hallaba, en la asimilación del liberalismo y de la modernidad ius política en su propia casa. Da cuenta de los antecedentes, pormenores y razones del fracaso inicial de la integración política americana durante las tres primeras décadas del siglo XIX. Busca contribuir a la difusión de la historia del derecho y de las instituciones políticas latinoamericanas.
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Tartally, András, Anna Ágnes Somogyi, Tamás Révész, and David R. Nash. "Host Ant Change of a Socially Parasitic Butterfly (Phengaris alcon) through Host Nest Take-Over." Insects 11, no. 9 (August 20, 2020): 556. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11090556.
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The socially parasitic Alcon blue butterfly (Phengaris alcon) starts its larval stage by feeding on the seeds of gentians, after which it completes development in the nests of suitable Myrmica ant species. The host plant and host ant species can differ at the population level within a region, and local adaptation is common, but some host switches are observed. It has been suggested that one mechanism of change is through the re-adoption of caterpillars by different ant species, either through occupation of abandoned nests or take-over of established nests by competitively superior colonies. To test this question in the lab we introduced relatively strong colonies (50 workers) of alien Myrmica species to the arenas of weaker colonies (two caterpillars with six workers), and to orphaned caterpillars (two caterpillars without ants). We used caterpillars from a xerophylic population of P. alcon, and both local hosts, M. sabuleti and M. scabrinodis, testing the possibility of host switch between these two host ant species during larval development. Most of the caterpillars were successfully readopted by alien ants, and survived well. Our results suggest higher ecological plasticity in host ant usage of this butterfly than generally thought.
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Caterina, Raffaele. "A Comparative Overview of the Fair Wear and Tear Exception: the Duty of Holders of Temporary Interests to Preserve Property." Edinburgh Law Review 6, no. 1 (January 2002): 85–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2002.6.1.85.
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“A system of private ownership must provide for something more sophisticated than absolute ownership of the property by one person. A property owner needs to be able to do more than own it during his lifetime and pass it on to someone else on his death.”1 Those who own things with a long life quite naturally feel the urge to deal in segments of time. Most of the owner's ambitions in respect of time can be met by the law of contract. But contract does not offer a complete solution, since contracts create only personal rights. Certain of the owner's legitimate wishes can be achieved only if the law allows them to be given effect in rem—that is, as proprietary rights. Legal systems have responded differently to the need for proprietary rights limited in time. Roman law created usufruct and other iura in re aliena; English law created different legal estates. Every system has faced similar problems. One issue has been the extent to which the holder of a limited interest should be restricted in his or her use and enjoyment in order to protect the holders of other interests in the same thing. A common core of principles regulates the relationship between those who hold temporary interests and the reversioners. For instance, every system forbids holder of the possessory interest to damage the thing arbitrarily. But other rules are more controversial. This study focuses upon the rules which do not forbid, but compel, certain courses of action.
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Burenina, O. Yu, E. A. Fedotova, A. Yu Ryazanova, A. S. Protsenko, M. V. Zakharova, A. S. Karyagina, A. S. Solonin, T. S. Oretskaya, and E. A. Kubareva. "Peculiarities of the Regulation of Gene Expression in the Ecl18kI Restriction–Modification System." Acta Naturae 5, no. 2 (June 15, 2013): 70–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.32607/20758251-2013-5-2-70-80.
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Transcription regulation in bacterial restrictionmodification (RM) systems is an important process, which provides coordinated expression levels of tandem enzymes, DNA methyltransferase (MTase) and restriction endonuclease (RE) protecting cells against penetration of alien DNA. The present study focuses on (cytosine-5)-DNA methyltransferase Ecl18kI (M.Ecl18kI), which is almost identical to DNA methyltransferase SsoII (M.SsoII) in terms of its structure and properties. Each of these enzymes inhibits expression of the intrinsic gene and activates expression of the corresponding RE gene via binding to the regulatory site in the promoter region of these genes. In the present work, complex formation of M.Ecl18kI and RNA polymerase from Escherichia сoli with the promoter regions of the MTase and RE genes is studied. The mechanism of regulation of gene expression in the Ecl18kI RM system is thoroughly investigated. M.Ecl18kI and RNA polymerase are shown to compete for binding to the promoter region. However, no direct contacts between M.Ecl18kI and RNA polymerase are detected. The properties of M.Ecl18kI and M.SsoII mutants are studied. Amino acid substitutions in the N-terminal region of M.Ecl18kI, which performs the regulatory function, are shown to influence not only M.Ecl18kI capability to interact with the regulatory site and to act as a transcription factor, but also its ability to bind and methylate the substrate DNA. The loss of methylation activity does not prevent MTase from performing its regulatory function and even increases its affinity to the regulatory site. However, the presence of the domain responsible for methylation in the M.Ecl18kI molecule is necessary for M.Ecl18kI to perform its regulatory function.
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von Bernstorff, Jochen. "From Versailles to the Kellogg-Briand Pact: Prohibiting and Justifying Aggression in the Interbellum." Volume 62 · 2019 62, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 211–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3790/gyil.62.1.211.
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Abstract: The article is a historical re-description of international legal debates concerning the ius ad bellum in the Interwar period (1919–1936). Using a core/periphery heuristic, it is demonstrated that the normative changes created by the League Covenant and the Kellogg-Briand Pact were being drafted and interpreted by the great powers in a way that still allowed them to justify military interventions in their peripheries. Even military violence between Western states could only be partially outlawed by these instruments. Legal uncertainties produced during the drafting of the new instruments could readily be exploited by the Western dominated international legal discourse. And yet, with the principle of sovereign equality on the rise in the Interbellum, and the battle of semi-periphery governments against the ‘standard of civilisation', traditional justifications for military violence came under increasing pressure. At that very moment, international lawyers in the core introduced a broader understanding of self-defence, gradually replacing former justifications for military interventions both within the core and in the peripheries of Western powers. All of this taken together in practice arguably consumed a substantial part of the alleged ‘progress' made by international legal pacifism in the Interbellum.
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Scheibelreiter, Philipp. "Obligatio re contracta. Ein Beitrag zur sogenannten Kategorie der Realverträge im römischen Recht (= Ius Romanum. Beiträge zur Methode und Geschichte des römischen Rechts 4)." Zeitschrift der Savigny-Stiftung für Rechtsgeschichte: Romanistische Abteilung 136, no. 1 (June 26, 2019): 451–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zrgr-2019-0024.
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SPERL, STEFAN. "Crossing enemy boundaries: al-Buhturī's ode on the ruins of Ctesiphon re-read in the light of Virgil and Wilfred Owen." Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies 69, no. 3 (September 19, 2006): 365–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0041977x06000164.
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This article seeks to gain a better understanding of a famous ode by the ‘Abbāsid court poet al-Buhturī (d. 897) by comparing it with two other works which exhibit a similar thematic development. One is an extract from The Aeneid by Virgil (d. 19 BC), the other a poem by Wilfred Owen (d. 1918). The three texts emanate from imperial identities (Roman, Arab and British) in a state of crisis, which in turn paves the way for cathartic encounters with an alien other that each involves an act of recognition. The comparison uncovers certain similarities in the psychological impact of this encounter and thereby throws a new light on the carefully crafted structure of al-Buhturī's ode. The experience described by the three texts emerges as an expression of man's universal quest for his lost self, and its recovery—however momentarily—in the very heart of his supposed foe.
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Bernasconi, F., V. Napolitano, M. Primicerio, D. Lijoi, E. Leone, F. Armitano, M. Luerti, et al. "SUI AND TVT IUS ND TVT SECURE SYSTEM: A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL MULTICENTRIC STUDY. MORBIDITY AND SHORT-TERM PERCENTAGES OF SUCCESS." Urogynaecologia 23, no. 3 (September 27, 2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/uij.2009.3.31.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate perioperative morbidity and shortterm efficacy of TVT-Secur in treating female stress urinary incontinence. Data from 147 patients with urodynamic and/or occult SUI who were treated with TVTsecur in each single centre between 1st March 2007 and 31st December 2007 were collected. In positioning the sling, 74.8% of the surgeons chose the transobturator approach (110/147) and the remaining 25.2% chose the retropubic one. In 64.6% of patients (95/147) with urethral hypermobility and cystocoele =<2° degree according to POP-Q classification system, only isolated urodynamic SUI was treated (Group A); in 52 patients TVTsecur was used to treat an occult SUI associated with complex genital prolapse (Group B). Intra-operative complications were observed in the whole population: 2 slings had to be re-positioned; 1 deep vaginal laceration occurred and a new sling was implanted; 5 patients presented PE >=200ml. Post-operative morbidity was represented by 1 haematoma that disappeared spontaneously; 1 case of temporary pain that stopped within 7 days; 8 patients had urinating difficulties (RV>100ml), 5 of whom were in Group B. At the short-term follow up this technique’s success percentage with respect to the total population was 87.5% (119/136), 85.3% in Group A (81/95) and 90.3% (37/41) in Group B. The data collected show that when treating female stress urinary incontinence, TVTsecur represents an innovative, simpler and safer, therapeutic alternative, and its efficacy equals that of retropubic and/or transobturator traditional midurethral slings.
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Wilson, Claire E., Stephen J. Darbyshire, and Rosita Jones. "The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 7. Cabomba caroliniana A. Gray." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 87, no. 3 (July 1, 2007): 615–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p06-068.
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The freshwater aquatic plant Cabomba caroliniana, or fanwort, was recently reported in a lake northeast of Peterborough, Ontario, where it has successfully established and survived winter conditions since at least 1991. This is the first documented occurrence of fanwort becoming naturalized in Canada. Fanwort is a popular aquarium plant that is native to South America and possibly the southeastern United States and has been introduced in several Asian, Pacific and European countries through the discarding or deliberate planting of aquarium plants in natural waterways. It is particularly invasive in China, Japan and Australia, and in parts of the United States, where its range is spreading. Fanwort grows rapidly and forms dense stands that clog waterways, impeding flow, obstructing navigation, altering fish habitat and excluding other vegetation. It does not produce mature seed in the northern parts of its North American range, but can multiply clonally and spread quickly by stem fragmentation. It produces turion-like stems at the end of the growing season, which assist in over-wintering under adverse conditions. Fanwort is difficult to control with herbicides and is resistant to mechanical management techniques as populations can quickly re-establish from plant fragments. Populations near the Trent-Severn Waterway in Canada are extensively established and management tools are not available to attempt eradication. An integrated management plan that focuses on early detection and rapid response in surrounding water bodies may succeed in mitigating the economic and environmental impacts and limiting the spread of fanwort. Key words: Cabomba caroliniana, fanwort, cabomba de Caroline, CABCA, aquatic plant, weed biology, invasive alien
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VILLALOBOS-GUERRERO, TULIO F., and LUIS F. CARRERA-PARRA. "Redescription of Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847) and reinstatement of A. acutifolia (Ehlers, 1901) n. comb. based upon morphological and molecular data (Polychaeta: Nereididae)." Zootaxa 3919, no. 1 (February 16, 2015): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3919.1.7.
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The nereidid worm Alitta succinea (Leuckart, 1847), described from Western Germany, has been considered by some authors as a widespread and alien invasive species, or else as a group of morphologically indistinguishable species. Neither idea has yet been supported by critical taxonomic revisions of relevant material. Most characterizations of A. succinea were based upon a mixture of morphological features from specimens from the type locality and from other regions. Moreover, four species described from America are considered junior synonyms of A. succinea, including Nereis acutifolia Ehlers, 1901, described from the eastern tropical Pacific. The type material of the latter species has not been reviewed since its description. We re-examined type and topotype materials of A. succinea and N. acutifolia including atokous and epitokous specimens. In addition, newly collected specimens were used to evaluate genetic divergence between both species using the mitochondrial gene COI. Alitta succinea is redescribed from type material and specimens from Germany. We rejected the recent placement of the species in Neanthes and we transferred it to Alitta. Further, we refuse the synonymy of N. acutifolia with A. succinea due to morphological and molecular differences. Consequently, we regard Alitta acutifolia n. comb. as a valid species, and the supposed introduction and the alien status of A. succinea along the Mexican and Central American Pacific shores are rejected.
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Кулемзин, Анаталий, and Anatoliy Kulemzin. "TOLERANCE: IS THERE AN ALTERNATIVE?" Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, no. 2 (June 25, 2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-2-17-21.
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The article suggests a re-evaluation of theoretical and practical application of tolerance in its contemporary European-American understanding as a concealed expansion of spiritual values, extraneous to Russian mentality. One of the conduits of this tolerance, propagating “western values” and alien to Russian peoples, is satirical comedy shows on Russian television, where a Russian person is depicted as a primitive brute. We examine the history of various understanding of cultural values between Russian people and western countries. Fundamental traditional moral and ethical values and cultural experience of Russian peoples are considered to be top priority in cultural development. For this reason, the author suggests establishing learning and teaching and academic centres and departments to study, preserve and actualize traditional cultures of native peoples of Siberia, the Far North and the Far East, as well as to research and regenerate Russian traditional culture.
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Heinze, Eric. "‘Were it not against our laws’: oppression and resistance in Shakespeare's Comedy of Errors." Legal Studies 29, no. 2 (June 2009): 230–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-121x.2008.00114.x.
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The Comedy of Errors, always loved on the stage, has long been deemed less substantial than Shakespeare's ‘mature’ works. Its references to private and public law have certainly been noted: a trial, a breached contract, a stand-off between monarchical and parliamentary powers. Yet the play's legal elements are more than historical curios within an otherwise light-hearted venture. The play is pervasively structured by an array of socio-legal dualisms: master–servant, husband–wife, native–alien, parent–child, monarch–parliament, buyer–seller. All confront fraught transitions from pre-modern to early modern forms. Those fundamentally legal relationships fuel character and action, even where no conventionally legal norm or procedure is at issue. ‘Errors’ in the play serve constantly to highlight unstable and shifting relationships of dominance and submission. Law undergoes its own transition from feudal–aristocratic to commercial forms. Through a theatrical framing device, it thereby re-emerges to remind us that those dualisms, even in their new incarnations, will remain squarely within law's ambit.
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Negishi, Yota. "CONVENTIONALITY CONTROL OF DOMESTIC “ABUSE OF POWER”: MAINTAINING HUMAN RIGHTS AND DEMOCRACY." Italian Yearbook of International Law Online 26, no. 1 (October 11, 2017): 243–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22116133-90000165a.
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Human rights courts often behave as constitutional courts especially when they have the ability to control the “separation of powers” in States in accordance with human rights conventions (“conventionality control”). This study comments on the latest “abuse of power” jurisprudence of the European and Inter-American courts of human rights, which embraces rich implications for re-evaluating general and specific provisions that place democratic limitations on human rights violations. The first section confirms that the courts have recently implemented conventionality control of “abuse of power” against judicial independence, voices of political opposition and media pluralism, in all such unfair exercises of authority adverse influences are exerted on individual (human rights) and collective (democracy) aspects. The next section justifies or criticises the courts’ decisions on the pro-democratic fair balance tests (legality, legitimacy and proportionality) embodied in human rights conventions’ general and specific limitation clauses, which have rarely been scrutinised until recent cases of “abuse of power”. In essence, this study shows that value-oriented momenta in their practical decisions can contribute to a future mapping of constitutionalism beyond the State (ius constitutionale commune), limiting domestic abuse of kratos (power) of the demos (people) in terms of international human rights sources.
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Riley, Marie. "City of the Plague: Victorian Liverpool’s Response to Epidemic." Transactions of the Historic Society of Lancashire and Cheshire 171, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 83–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/transactions.171.8.
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Conscious of its reputation as Britain’s unhealthiest town, the Corporation of Liverpool, in the mid-nineteenth century, developed a long-term strategy to combat the factors that allowed disease to flourish. Typhus, which periodically reached epidemic proportions, had been an underlying factor behind much public health reform, yet by the 1860s, it tended to be viewed with some degree of inevitability. The re-emergence of cholera in 1866 after a gap of twelve years triggered more urgent and immediate interventions. Perceived as a potentially catastrophic ‘alien’ invader, its outbreak in Liverpool was traceable to European emigrants in transit. Just as Irish immigrants had been scapegoated for importing typhus, the ‘Germans’ were identified as a source of dirt, degradation and disease. Despite the alarm generated by cholera, its sporadic incidence was a disincentive to the building of a permanent infrastructure with sufficient capacity to cope. Isolation hospitals, quarantine facilities, and nursing care needed to be constructed, commandeered, or conjured up on an ad hoc basis, bringing into focus the practical role of parochial authorities in the health of the town.
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Mchugh, James T. "“Making Public Law, ‘Public’: An Analysis of the Quebec Reference Case and its Significance for Comparative Constitutional Analysis”." International and Comparative Law Quarterly 49, no. 2 (April 2000): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020589300064228.
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The Supreme Court of Canada's advisory opinion inReference re Secession of Quebec, 1998(also known, more simply, as the “Quebec reference case”) has been the subject of much interpretation and comment, because of its obvious implications for the future of Canada.1However, it offers an arguably wider opportunity to consider the role of the judiciary within a liberal democracy. The professional nature of the legal process and its practitioners often has made legal and judicial institutions, to most of the public, distant and alien components of the political system. The technical aspects of many areas of law (such as contracts, torts, and civil procedure) may, in fact, make this area of public concern seem unapproachable to the average citizen; indeed, some legal practitioners may prefer that the law remain that way. That mystique often is transferred to the realm of constitutional law, where the use of technical terms (including Latin words and phrases) may serve, intentionally or not, to insulate legal arguments and proceedings from public scrutiny.2
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Boll, Julia. "Desiring Walls: Fantasies of Containment and Reimagined British Pasts." Zeitschrift für Anglistik und Amerikanistik 70, no. 2 (June 1, 2022): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zaa-2022-2061.
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Abstract In Sarah Moss’s Ghost Wall (2018), an archaeology class pitches camp near Hadrian’s Wall, where they are joined by a local family in an experimental re-enactment of Iron Age Britain. The novel explores nostalgic nationalism, fantasies of nativism and racial supremacy, and the wish for containment and boundaries in a contemporary world perceived as having lost its cultural core. Following Wendy Brown’s suggestion to read the desire to erect border walls as the symptom of a hysterical obsession with ‘the alien,’ this essay focuses on the construction of borders as ritual spectacles aimed at securing deeply gendered fantasies of innocence, regulation, and containment, and how this aligns with contemporary British national and cultural nostalgia. It will also explore the thematic connections and differences between Moss’s critical probing of reimagined old ways of life and the yearning for a wistful version of bygone Britishness perceptible in recent British nature and travel writings.
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Marzouki, Abou Yaareb. "The recurrent Islamic crisis: cultural heritage and social progress." Contemporary Arab Affairs 1, no. 3 (July 1, 2008): 347–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17550910802163798.
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This article posits Arab and Muslim disunity as a function or corollary of a breakdown of imaginative creativity in the Muslim world, precipitated by a series of reactions to external factors which have derailed Islam from its natural role and proactive function as a process of perpetual reformation. The inherent pathology is that the terms of the debates have always been determined by exogenous factors. The potential, authentic avenues for social progress which are native to Islam, and the Islamic heritage which is entirely capable of providing an alternative to Western modernity, have been restricted or negated by this reactive stance, which has developed into a rigid, sterile and debilitating dogmatism. The article argues that the real root of the problem lies in the adoption by Muslims of alien methods and institutions, rather than in the considerable difficulties caused by foreign intervention, and suggests that the solution lies in the will to re-explore the analyses of some of Islam's great original thinkers.
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Manyonda, Isaac, Vikram S Talaulikar, Roxanna Pirhadi, and Joseph Onwude. "Progestogens are the problem in hormone replacement therapy: Time to reappraise their use." Post Reproductive Health 26, no. 1 (December 25, 2019): 26–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2053369119876490.
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Combined (estrogen and a progestogen) hormone replacement therapy (cHRT) is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, while estrogen replacement therapy is not. Whatever the underlying mechanism, it is the progestogen in cHRT that seems to increase the risk. Fear of breast cancer is a major limiting factor in the use of hormone replacement therapy, and when women discontinue cHRT because of side effects, the latter are often attributable to the progestogen component. cHRT is given to women with an intact uterus to protect against the effects of un-opposed estrogen such as an increased risk of endometrial cancer. Estrogen replacement therapy suffices for women with a prior hysterectomy. There is a clear distinction in risk and side effect profile between cHRT and estrogen replacement therapy. Apart from being the most effective treatment for menopausal symptoms, estrogen prevents osteoporosis, and may also have a potential role in prevention of Alzheimer’s Dementia, now the biggest killer of women in the United Kingdom. Evidence also suggests that progestogens could compromise the dementia-preventative effect of estrogen. Given the immense therapeutic and preventative potential of estrogen, the use of progestogens in cHRT needs re-appraisal. The levonorgestrel intrauterine system (LNg-IUS) could reduce breast cancer risk while protecting the endometrium. Other approaches to the safe use of progestogens await research.
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Borunov, Artem Borisovich, Sergei Mikhailovich Pinaev, and Alina Georgievna Sil'cheva. "The "alien child" motif as a through code in the prosaic macrocycles of Boris Akunin and Dina Rubina." Litera, no. 6 (June 2022): 175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.25136/2409-8698.2022.6.38358.
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The subject of the study is a cross-cutting code that unites the prose macrocycles of modern authors as a supertextual unity. The object of the research is a macrotext as a format of a literary work in the works of writers Dina Rubina and Boris Akunin. The authors consider in detail such aspects of the theme as the cross-cutting theme of a strange / adopted / unrecognized / illegitimate child and its connection with the clan and family, and the implementation of this theme in novels united in trilogies or macrocycles. Particular attention is paid to such an aspect of the motif as the onomastic code - distortion, change, re-voicing of the name and surname of the protagonist becomes a recurring motif. The main conclusions of the study are: a statement of the homological similarity of the supertextual unities of the works of contemporary prose writers, highlighting the motive of the interaction of the genealogical tree of the family with someone else's child, its self-identification as part of the family and woven into the fabric of the family and its history as the bifurcation point of the macrotext. A special contribution of the authors to the study of the topic is the consideration of this motif in its diversified interpretation in various works and the connection of this motif with the onomastic code of the works. The novelty of the study lies in the comparison of the works of Boris Akunin and Dina Rubina, which were not previously considered in a comparative aspect.
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Page, Nicholas A., Ronald E. Wall, Stephen J. Darbyshire, and Gerald A. Mulligan. "The Biology of Invasive Alien Plants in Canada. 4. Heracleum mantegazzianum Sommier & Levier." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 86, no. 2 (May 5, 2006): 569–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p05-158.
Full textAbstract:
Heracleum mantegazzianum (giant hogweed) is an invasive alien plant of management concern in southern Canada where it has escaped from horticulture and established and spread in natural, ruderal, and agricultural ecosystems. It poses a threat to natural ecosystems and human health, and is also a weed in agricultural and urban areas. It is a member of the Carrot family (Apiaceae) and is closely related to the native species Heracleum maximum Bartram (cow-parsnip). It is a monocarpic perennial, which generally flowers in its 3rd or 4th year. Large size, leaf shape, dark reddish pigments in patches on stems and petioles, and fruit characteristics readily distinguish H. mantegazzianum from other plants in Canada. It is increasingly common in riparian areas, floodplains, and forest edges in or near urban areas in southwestern British Columbia and southern Ontario. Based on herbarium specimens, H. mantegazzianum was first recorded in Ontario in 1949, British Columbia in 1964, Nova Scotia in 1980, Quebec in 1990, and New Brunswick in 2000. The development of dense stands of H. mantegazzianum can also reduce the richness of native plants. Contact with H. mantegazzianum can cause phytophotodermatitis, a serious skin inflammation caused by UV photo-activation of furanocoumarins present in the sap. Control methods include herbicide application, mechanical cutting, and animal grazing, but strategies to address seed dispersal and re-establishment from dormant seed must also be adopted. Widespread establishment in southern Canada suggests that eradication is unlikely. However, range expansion and rapid population growth can be prevented through strategic management including public education. Key words: Giant hogweed, Heracleum mantegazzianum, Apiaceae, HERMZ, invasive plant, weed biology, furanocoumarins