Journal articles: 'ITV'

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Pinna, G. D., R. Maestri, A. Mortara, and M. T. La Rovere. "Cardiorespiratory interactions during periodic breathing in awake chronic heart failure patients." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 278, no. 3 (March 1, 2000): H932—H941. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.2000.278.3.h932.

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We applied spectral techniques to the analysis of cardiorespiratory signals [instantaneous lung volume (ILV), instantaneous tidal volume (ITV), arterial O2 saturation ([Formula: see text]) at the ear, heart rate (HR), systolic (SAP), and diastolic (DAP) arterial pressure] during nonapneic periodic breathing (PB) in 29 awake chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and estimated the timing relationships between respiratory and slow cardiovascular (<0.04 Hz) oscillations. Our aim was 1) to elucidate major mechanisms involved in cardiorespiratory interactions during PB and 2) to test the hypothesis of a central vasomotor origin of PB. All cardiovascular signals were characterized by a dominant (≥84% of total power) oscillation at the frequency of PB (mean ± SE: 0.022 ± 0.0008 Hz), highly coherent (≥0.89), and delayed with respect to ITV (ITV-HR, 2.4 ± 0.72 s; ITV-SAP, 6.7 ± 0.65 s; ITV-DAP, 3.2 ± 0.61 s; P < 0.01). [Formula: see text] was highly coherent with (coherence function = 0.96 ± 0.009) and almost opposite in phase to ITV. These findings demonstrate the existence of a generalized cardiorespiratory rhythm led by the ventilatory oscillation and suggest that 1) the cyclic increase in inspiratory drive and cardiopulmonary reflexes and 2) mechanical effects of PB-induced changes in intrathoracic pressure are the more likely sources of the HR and blood pressure oscillations, respectively. The timing relationship between ITV and blood pressure signals excludes the possibility that PB represents the effect of a central vasomotor rhythm.

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Tuomi, Pauliina. "iTV : television paarialuokkaa?" Lähikuva – audiovisuaalisen kulttuurin tieteellinen julkaisu 26, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.23994/lk.121171.

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Lee, Newton. "EURO ITV 2007." Computers in Entertainment 5, no. 2 (April 2007): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1279540.1279558.

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Chen, Qingqing, Christian Smit, Ido Pen, and Han Olff. "Small herbivores and abiotic heterogeneity promote trait variation of a saltmarsh plant in local communities." PeerJ 9 (December 22, 2021): e12633. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.12633.

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Intraspecific trait variation (ITV) enables plants to respond to global changes. However, causes for ITV, especially from biotic components such as herbivory, are not well understood. We explored whether small vertebrate herbivores (hares and geese) impact ITV of a dominant clonal plant (Elytrigia atherica) in local communities. Moreover, we looked at the relative importance of their direct (e.g., selective grazing) and indirect effects (altering genotypic richness/diversity and abiotic environment) on ITV. We used exclosures at two successional stages in a Dutch saltmarsh, where grazing pressure at the early successional stage was ca. 1.5 times higher than that of the intermediate successional stage. We measured key functional traits of E. atherica including height, aboveground biomass, flowering (flower or not), specific leaf area, and leaf dry matter content in local communities (1 m × 1 m plots) inside and outside the exclosures. We determined genotypic richness and diversity of each plant using molecular markers. We further measured abiotic variations in topography and clay thickness (a proxy for soil total nitrogen). Structural equation models revealed that small herbivores significantly promoted ITV in height and flowering at the early successional stage, while they marginally promoted ITV in height at the intermediate successional stage. Moreover, the direct effects of herbivores played a major role in promoting ITV. Small herbivores decreased genotypic diversity at the intermediate successional stage, but genotypic richness and diversity did not impact ITV. Small herbivores did not alter topographic variation and variation in clay thickness, but these variations increased ITV in all traits at the early successional stage. Small herbivores may not only impact trait means in plants as studies have shown but also their ITV.

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Gushchina, Daria, and Boris Dewitte. "Intraseasonal Tropical Atmospheric Variability Associated with the Two Flavors of El Niño." Monthly Weather Review 140, no. 11 (November 1, 2012): 3669–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/mwr-d-11-00267.1.

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ABSTRACT The characteristics of intraseasonal tropical variability (ITV) associated with the two flavors of El Niño [i.e., the canonical or eastern Pacific (EP) El Niño and the Modoki or central Pacific (CP) El Niño] are documented using composite and regression analysis. Double space–time Fourier analysis is applied to the NCEP–NCAR zonal wind at 850 hPa (U850) to separate the different components of the ITV in the tropical troposphere, which is then used to define indices of wave activity, and document the spatial pattern of the waves. It is shown that the ITV characteristics are altered during CP El Niño compared to the typical seasonal dependence of the ITV–ENSO relationship. In particular, while EP El Niño is characterized by enhanced MJO and equatorial Rossby (ER) wave activity during spring–summer prior to the ENSO peak, during CP El Niño, the ITV activity is increased during the mature and decaying phases. It is suggested that ITV is more propitious to the triggering of the EP event; while during the CP event, it contributes mostly to the persistence of positive SST anomalies. The oceanic response of these ITV anomalous patterns is further investigated in the Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) reanalysis by documenting the seasonal evolution of the intraseasonal equatorial oceanic Kelvin wave (IEKW) activity during the two flavors of El Niño. It is shown that anomalous westerlies associated with ITV may generate the corresponding response in the ocean in the form of anomalous IEKW activity.

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Westerband, A. C., J. L. Funk, and K. E. Barton. "Intraspecific trait variation in plants: a renewed focus on its role in ecological processes." Annals of Botany 127, no. 4 (January 28, 2021): 397–410. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aob/mcab011.

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Abstract Background Investigating the causes and consequences of intraspecific trait variation (ITV) in plants is not novel, as it has long been recognized that such variation shapes biotic and abiotic interactions. While evolutionary and population biology have extensively investigated ITV, only in the last 10 years has interest in ITV surged within community and comparative ecology. Scope Despite this recent interest, still lacking are thorough descriptions of ITV’s extent, the spatial and temporal structure of ITV, and stronger connections between ITV and community and ecosystem properties. Our primary aim in this review is to synthesize the recent literature and ask: (1) How extensive is intraspecific variation in traits across scales, and what underlying mechanisms drive this variation? (2) How does this variation impact higher-order ecological processes (e.g. population dynamics, community assembly, invasion, ecosystem productivity)? (3) What are the consequences of ignoring ITV and how can these be mitigated? and (4) What are the most pressing research questions, and how can current practices be modified to suit our research needs? Our secondary aim is to target diverse and underrepresented traits and plant organs, including anatomy, wood, roots, hydraulics, reproduction and secondary chemistry. In addressing these aims, we showcase papers from the Special Issue. Conclusions Plant ITV plays a key role in determining individual and population performance, species interactions, community structure and assembly, and ecosystem properties. Its extent varies widely across species, traits and environments, and it remains difficult to develop a predictive model for ITV that is broadly applicable. Systematically characterizing the sources (e.g. ontogeny, population differences) of ITV will be a vital step forward towards identifying generalities and the underlying mechanisms that shape ITV. While the use of species means to link traits to higher-order processes may be appropriate in many cases, such approaches can obscure potentially meaningful variation. We urge the reporting of individual replicates and population means in online data repositories, a greater consideration of the mechanisms that enhance and constrain ITV’s extent, and studies that span sub-disciplines.

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Fernández-Pinero, Jovita, Irit Davidson, Maia Elizalde, Shimon Perk, Yevgeny Khinich, and Miguel Angel Jiménez-Clavero. "Bagaza virus and Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus are a single virus species." Journal of General Virology 95, no. 4 (April 1, 2014): 883–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.061465-0.

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Bagaza virus (BAGV) and Israel turkey meningoencephalomyelitis virus (ITV) are classified in the genus Flavivirus of the family Flaviviridae. Serologically, they are closely related, belonging to the Ntaya serocomplex. Nucleotide sequences available to date consist of several complete sequences of BAGV isolates, but only partial sequences of ITV isolates. Sequence comparisons of partial envelope (E) and NS5 regions reveal a close genetic relationship between these viruses. Despite this, BAGV and ITV are considered as separate virus species in the database of the International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses. In this work, complete nucleotide sequences for five ITV isolates are provided, thereby permitting a phylogenetic comparison with other complete sequences of flaviviruses in the Ntaya serogroup. We conclude that BAGV and ITV are the same virus species and propose that both viruses be designated by a new unified name: Avian meningoencephalomyelitis virus.

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Matveeva, Tatiana, Daria Gushchina, and Boris Dewitte. "The seasonal relationship between intraseasonal tropical variability and ENSO in CMIP5." Geoscientific Model Development 11, no. 6 (June 19, 2018): 2373–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-11-2373-2018.

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Abstract. The El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is tightly linked to the intraseasonal tropical variability (ITV) that contributes to energise the deterministic ocean dynamics during the development of El Niño. Here, the relationship between ITV and ENSO is assessed based on models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP) phase 5 (CMIP5) taking into account the so-called diversity of ENSO, that is, the existence of two types of events (central Pacific versus eastern Pacific El Niño). As a first step, the models' skill in simulating ENSO diversity is assessed. The characteristics of the ITV are then documented revealing a large dispersion within an ensemble of 16 models. A total of 11 models exhibit some skill in simulating the key aspects of the ITV for ENSO: the total variance along the Equator, the seasonal cycle and the characteristics of the propagation along the Equator of the Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) and the convectively coupled equatorial Rossby (ER) waves. Five models that account realistically for both the two types of El Niño events and ITV characteristics are used for the further analysis of seasonal ITV ∕ ENSO relationship. The results indicate a large dispersion among the models and an overall limited skill in accounting for the observed seasonal ITV ∕ ENSO relationship. Implications of our results are discussed in light of recent studies on the forcing mechanism of ENSO diversity.

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Schwalb, Eddie. "iTV handbook: technologies & standards." Computers in Entertainment 2, no. 2 (April 2004): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1008213.1008241.

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Keengwe, Jared, Leslie Ann Bieber, and Gary Schnellert. "Developing ITV Best Teaching Practices and Effective Professional Development Programs." International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education 8, no. 4 (October 2012): 49–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jicte.2012100105.

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The purpose of this study is to explore the characteristics of an effective State Interactive Video (ITV) program relating to teacher qualifications and strategies, student research and involvement, organization, economical benefits, and technical support. Evidence from this study suggests that ITV instructors need more organization and preparation than is typically required for face-to-face teaching in a traditional classroom and the ability of ITV instructors to adapt and learn new technology-based teaching techniques is critical for student academic success. These findings are beneficial to school administrators planning to design and implement sound ITV pedagogical and professional development programs and practices to enhance student learning.

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Lee, Jinhwa, Liping Wang, Rachel Palinski, Tim Walsh, Dongchang He, Yonghai Li, Rui Wu, et al. "Comparison of Pathogenicity and Transmissibility of Influenza B and D Viruses in Pigs." Viruses 11, no. 10 (September 27, 2019): 905. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v11100905.

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Influenza viruses are important pathogens causing respiratory disease in humans and animals. In contrast to influenza A virus (IAV) that can infect a wide range of animal species, other influenza viruses, including influenza B virus (IBV), influenza C virus (ICV), and influenza D virus (IDV) have a limited host range. Swine can be infected with all four different genera of influenza viruses. IAV infection of pigs causes the well-known swine influenza that poses significant threats to human and animal health. However, influenza virus infection of pigs with IBV, ICV, and IDV are not well-characterized. Herein, we compared pathogenicity of IBV and IDV using intratracheal and intranasal infection of pigs, which are IAV seropositive, and commingled naïve pigs with the infected animals to determine their transmissibility. Both viruses caused fever and some lung lesions, replicated in the lungs of infected pigs, but only IDV transmitted to the contact animals. Although IBV and IDV displayed differing levels of replication in the respiratory tract of infected pigs, no significant differences in pathogenicity of both viruses were observed. These results indicate that both IBV and IDV can replicate, and are pathogenic in pigs.

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Hylton, Mary E., and Eric Albers. "The Use of Interactive Television in a BSW Program: Comparing Experiences of Distance and Campus-Based Learners." Journal of Baccalaureate Social Work 13, no. 1 (September 1, 2007): 52–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.18084/1084-7219.13.1.52.

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The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of interactive television (ITV) on the educational experiences of both distance and campus-based BSW students. Data were collected through questionnaires and semistructured focus groups with students on campus and at distant sites. The study found distinct differences between the experiences of distance and campus-based students in ITV courses. Distance students evaluated the ITV technology significantly more positively than did campus-based students. In particular, campus-based students believed that the technology interfered with the flow of class discussions, and both groups reported a lack of a cohesive community among students from different sites. The article suggests improvements in ITV distance education, including incorporating better classroom management techniques, creating community-building activities, and providing physical environments more conducive to learning.

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Stack, Lois Berg. "Interactive Television Delivers Master Gardener Training Effectively." HortTechnology 7, no. 4 (October 1997): 357–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/horttech.7.4.357.

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Five of the ten training sessions for Maine Master Gardeners (MGs) were taught using interactive television (ITV) in 1993. Trainees at one location participated in the sessions live; trainees at seven locations participated in the sessions from distant locations but in real time; and trainees at two locations viewed videotapes of the ITV sessions at later dates. Trainees (n = 215) were quizzed weekly to assess their level of learning and surveyed about their learning experience 6 months after completing their training. ITV distance learners' quiz scores and hours of volunteerism were equal to those of local learners. More than 90% of all respondents would enroll in a MG program again if it were conducted and taught locally, while 83.9% would enroll in a program taught half locally and half using ITV.

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Li, Zhen, Shujun Zhang, Libo Zhang, Ya Li, Xiangpeng Zheng, Jie Fu, and Jianjian Qiu. "Deep Learning-Based Internal Target Volume (ITV) Prediction Using Cone-Beam CT Images in Lung Stereotactic Body Radiotherapy." Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment 21 (January 2022): 153303382110733. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15330338211073380.

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Purpose:This study aims to develop a deep learning (DL)-based (Mask R-CNN) method to predict the internal target volume (ITV) in cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images for lung stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) patients and to evaluate the prediction accuracy of the model using 4DCT as ground truth. Methods and Materials: This study enrolled 78 phantom cases and 156 patient cases who received SBRT treatment. We used a novel DL model (Mask R-CNN) to identify and delineate lung tumor ITV in CBCT images. The results of the DL-based method were compared quantitatively with the ground truth (4DCT) using 4 metrics, including Dice Similarity Coefficient (DSC), Relative Volume Index (RVI), 3D Motion Range (R3D), and Hausdorff Surface Distance (HD). Paired t-tests were used to determine the differences between the DL-based method and manual contouring. Results: The DSC value for 4DCTMIP versus CBCT is 0.86 ± 0.16 and for 4DCTAVG versus CBCT is 0.83 ± 0.18, indicating a high similarity of tumor delineation in CBCT and 4DCT. The mean Accuracy Precision (mAP), R3D, RVI, and HD values for phantom evaluation are 0.94 ± 0.04, 1.37 ± 0.36, 0.79 ± 0.02, and 6.79 ± 0.68, respectively. For patient evaluation, the mAP, R3D, RVI, and HD achieved averaged values of 0.74 ± 0.23, 2.39 ± 1.59, 1.27 ± 0.47, and 17.00 ± 19.89, respectively. These results showed a good correlation between predicted ITV and manually contoured ITV. The phantom p-value for RVI, R3D, and HD are 0.75, 0.08, 0.86, and patient p-value are 0.53, 0.07, 0.28, respectively. These p-values for phantom and patient showed no significant difference between the predicted ITV and physician's manual contouring. Conclusion:The current improved method (Mask R-CNN) yielded a good similarity between predicted ITV in CBCT and the manual contouring in 4DCT, thus indicating great potential for using CBCT for patient ITV contouring.

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Zhang, Qian, Chao Wu, Han Qiao, and Shouyang Wang. "No advertising, but more sponsorship?" Chinese Management Studies 11, no. 1 (April 3, 2017): 90–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cms-01-2017-0001.

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Purpose This paper is dedicated to answer two questions: What is the business model of interactive television (iTV) ad at China’s Spring Festival Gala; and Why the business model of iTV ad creates different commercial values for different firms. Design/methodology/approach The two questions can be summarized as what and why problems; so, this paper adopts the method of the qualitative case study. For the first question, this paper uses the method of system activity diagram to design the business model. For the second question, this paper proposes a new analytical method – voice, incentive and convenience (VIC) model, which is used to analyze the commercial value of iTV ad. The proposal of VIC model is based on Wang et al.’s Iceberg theory. Findings The effect of interactive advertising is significantly better than that of traditional advertising, and interactive advertising is becoming the first choice for marketers. The business model innovation of iTV ad brings new business opportunities. In addition, the larger the area of the triangle surrounded by the three elements of VIC, the higher the commercial value of iTV ad. Originality/value Current business model studies focus on business model definitions and innovations, whereas the studies on business model evaluation and its influential factors are rare. A new analytical model named VIC is proposed. It explores the effect of VIC on the commercial value of iTV ad and provides a reference for the quantitative empirical analysis. The combination of activity system theory and VIC model contributes to the understanding of the explicit knowledge and tacit knowledge of iTV ad business model. This framework can be used to guide TV stations and stakeholders for business model innovations and optimizations.

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Paulsen, Kim J., Kyle Higgins, Susan Peterson Miller, Sherri Strawser, and Randall Boone. "Delivering Instruction via Interactive Television and Videotape: Student Achievement and Satisfaction." Journal of Special Education Technology 13, no. 4 (March 1998): 59–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/016264349801300401.

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Distance education in the form of Interactive Television (ITV) and videotape currently is being discussed as a method to provide instruction to students enrolled in education courses. In this study, the effect of traditional, ITV, and videotape lectures on student achievement and attendance was investigated. Student satisfaction with the course and student evaluations of the instructor were also analyzed. Sixty-seven preservice special education students were randomly assigned to one of three instructional methods. One group received instruction with the instructor present, one group received instruction via ITV and the third group received instruction by means of a videotape lecture. Results indicated that (a) students achieved equally well on quizzes and tests regardless of the instructional method, (b) students who received instruction in the traditional setting were satisfied with the instruction they received, (c) students who received instruction via ITV were satisfied with the instruction they received, (d) students who received instruction by means of videotape were not satisfied with the instruction they received, (e) students attended class regularly regardless of the instructional method, and (f) students who received instruction via ITV and videotape did not perceive the instructor as taking an active role in the course.

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Liu, Taiping, Xiao Lu, Chenghao Zhao, Xiaolan Fu, Tingting Zhao, and Wenyue Xu. "PD-1 Deficiency Enhances Humoral Immunity of Malaria Infection Treatment Vaccine." Infection and Immunity 83, no. 5 (March 2, 2015): 2011–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.02621-14.

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Malaria infection treatment vaccine (ITV) is a promising strategy to induce homologous and heterologous protective immunity against the blood stage of the parasite. However, the underlying mechanism of protection remains largely unknown. Here, we found that a malaria-specific antibody (Ab) could mediate the protective immunity of ITV-immunized mice. Interestingly, PD-1 deficiency greatly elevated the levels of both malaria-specific total IgG and subclass IgG2a and enhanced the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice against the blood-stage challenge. A serum adoptive-transfer assay demonstrated that the increased Ab level contributed to the enhanced protective efficacy of the immunized PD-1-deficient mice. Further study showed that PD-1 deficiency could also promote the expansion of germinal center (GC) B cells and malaria parasite-specific TFHcells in the spleens of ITV-immunized mice. These results suggest that PD-1 deficiency improves the protective efficacy of ITV-immunized mice by promoting the generation of malaria parasite-specific Ab and the expansion of GC B cells. The results of this study provide new evidence to support the negative function of PD-1 on humoral immunity and will guide the design of a more effective malaria vaccine.

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Garland, Virginia E., and Ann Loranger. "The Medium and the Message: Interactive Television and Distance Education Programs for Adult Learners." Journal of Educational Technology Systems 24, no. 3 (March 1996): 249–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/24l8-7wc0-dwg4-ed14.

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Distance education programs are expanding to meet the needs of a growing population of adult learners. The interactive television (ITV) classroom, a relatively recent technological innovation made possible with compressed digital video (CDV) transmission, has been found to be an effective teaching tool with mature students. A review of the literature suggests that ITV, although in its infancy, has the potential to overcome the pedagogical difficulties inherent in more traditional distance education technology based on audio alone. The results of a recent study conducted in graduate education courses by the authors at the University of New Hampshire indicate that adult students have generally positive attitudes toward their ITV classes. Essential to the success of distance education programs which use ITV is the training of both professors and students who will be involved in this emerging technology.

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Eames, Frances. "ITV AND THE 1972 UGANDAN MIGRATION." Media History 15, no. 4 (October 6, 2009): 453–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13688800903223407.

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Bernhaupt, Regina, Marianna Obrist, and Manfred Tscheligi. "Usability and usage of iTV services." Computers in Entertainment 5, no. 2 (April 2007): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1279540.1279546.

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Tremayne, Charles. "All's well in ITV current affairs." British Journalism Review 4, no. 3 (September 1993): 16–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095647489300400305.

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Seidman, Steven A. "Music video can motivate ITV students." TechTrends 31, no. 3 (April 1986): 27–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02786271.

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Nelson, Michael N., Mark Linton, and Susan Owicki. "A highly available scalable ITV system." ACM SIGOPS Operating Systems Review 29, no. 5 (December 3, 1995): 54–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/224057.224062.

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Weltman, J. "ITV Programmes for Schools: any future?" Journal of Educational Television 17, no. 1 (January 1991): 5–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1358165910170102.

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Xu, Jinshi, Han Dang, Tingting Tian, Yongfu Chai, Jiaxin Quan, Maolin Lei, Xiao Liu, Yaoxin Guo, and Ming Yue. "Intraspecific Trait Variation Dilutes Deterministic Processes in Community Assembly of Arid Shrubs across Multiple Scales." Diversity 12, no. 12 (November 26, 2020): 447. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d12120447.

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Trait-based approaches present a promising avenue for improving our understanding of species coexistence and community assembly, while intraspecific trait variation (ITV) across different spatial scales is important in trait-based community assembly mechanisms, especially in extreme environments. In this study, we focused on the functional diversity and community assembly patterns of a desert community across different spatial scales and investigated whether ITV plays a significant role in community assembly processes in arid habitats. A 50 m × 50 m plot with different small quadrats was established in a typical desert community at the transition zone between the Tengger Desert and Loess Plateau in China. A total of 14 traits were selected to assess the trait-based functional diversity and assembly processes in the community. We found that functional diversity showed different patterns when considering ITV and related to different types of traits (chemical traits or morphological traits) and some soil factors (pH and nitrate nitrogen). Plant communities in this study showed stochastic distribution patterns and similar functional diversity patterns based on functional trait approaches, regardless of spatial scales. Also, the effect of ITV on community assembly did not show more effect with increasing scales. These results indicated that ITV diluted deterministic processes in community assembly across scales in arid habitats.

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Wilke, L., C. Moustakis, O. Blanck, D. Albers, C. Albrecht, Y. Avcu, R. Boucenna, et al. "Improving interinstitutional and intertechnology consistency of pulmonary SBRT by dose prescription to the mean internal target volume dose." Strahlentherapie und Onkologie 197, no. 9 (July 1, 2021): 836–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00066-021-01799-w.

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Abstract Purpose Dose, fractionation, normalization and the dose profile inside the target volume vary substantially in pulmonary stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT) between different institutions and SBRT technologies. Published planning studies have shown large variations of the mean dose in planning target volume (PTV) and gross tumor volume (GTV) or internal target volume (ITV) when dose prescription is performed to the PTV covering isodose. This planning study investigated whether dose prescription to the mean dose of the ITV improves consistency in pulmonary SBRT dose distributions. Materials and methods This was a multi-institutional planning study by the German Society of Radiation Oncology (DEGRO) working group Radiosurgery and Stereotactic Radiotherapy. CT images and structures of ITV, PTV and all relevant organs at risk (OAR) for two patients with early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were distributed to all participating institutions. Each institute created a treatment plan with the technique commonly used in the institute for lung SBRT. The specified dose fractionation was 3 × 21.5 Gy normalized to the mean ITV dose. Additional dose objectives for target volumes and OAR were provided. Results In all, 52 plans from 25 institutions were included in this analysis: 8 robotic radiosurgery (RRS), 34 intensity-modulated (MOD), and 10 3D-conformal (3D) radiation therapy plans. The distribution of the mean dose in the PTV did not differ significantly between the two patients (median 56.9 Gy vs 56.6 Gy). There was only a small difference between the techniques, with RRS having the lowest mean PTV dose with a median of 55.9 Gy followed by MOD plans with 56.7 Gy and 3D plans with 57.4 Gy having the highest. For the different organs at risk no significant difference between the techniques could be found. Conclusions This planning study pointed out that multiparameter dose prescription including normalization on the mean ITV dose in combination with detailed objectives for the PTV and ITV achieve consistent dose distributions for peripheral lung tumors in combination with an ITV concept between different delivery techniques and across institutions.

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Bavetta, Giuseppe, Giorgio Bavetta, Valentina Randazzo, Alessio Cavataio, Carlo Paderni, Vincenzo Grassia, Gianna Dipalma, et al. "A Retrospective Study on Insertion Torque and Implant Stability Quotient (ISQ) as Stability Parameters for Immediate Loading of Implants in Fresh Extraction Sockets." BioMed Research International 2019 (November 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9720419.

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Background. To date, insertion torque value (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) obtained by the Osstell instrument are common clinical methods to assess the initial stability of an implant for a predictable loading procedure. The aim of this current study is to evaluate the ITV and ISQ as stability parameters as part of the decision-making protocol in the adoption of immediate loading in fresh extraction sockets. Materials and Methods. A total of 41 tapered implants were allocated into two groups: the test group (n = 11; 3 males and 8 females; mean age: 62.8 ± 10.7) which received 18 implants as type 1 fresh extraction sockets after teeth removal and the control group (n = 7; 4 males and 3 females; mean age: 65.4 ± 9.7) which received 23 implants placed in healed sockets for a period of at least 3 months. Both the ITV and ISQ data were recorded at the time of insertion (t0). Since ITV (test group) and ITV/ISQ (control group) values were useful for the immediate loading protocol, a screw-retained temporary crown was immediately loaded. ISQ values were recorded after a healing period of 4 months (t1). Results. ITV mean values at t0 in test and control groups were, respectively, 48.61 ± 15.39 and 70.47 ± 14.71, whereas ISQ mean values were 57.55 ± 1.93 and 72.86 ± 5.25, respectively, showing a statistically significant difference (p value < 0.001). ISQ mean values at t1 in either the test or the control group were 68.68 ± 4.20 and 74.54 ± 4.17, not showing a statistical difference. The implant survival rate was 100% in both groups, and no surgical and prosthetic complications were reported during the study. Conclusion. In conclusion, this study remarked the presence of a residual gap that influenced the ISQ during implant insertion in fresh extraction sockets making this parameter not sufficient for a conclusive decision in the immediate loading, whereas the ITV alone showed to be the best parameter for a final substantial decision.

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Chakradhar, Kala, and Llena Chavis. "Developing a Pedagogy of ITV Teaching Experience through a Teaching Circle." Advances in Social Work 11, no. 2 (September 28, 2010): 203–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/267.

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Objective: Distance learning through the use of interactive television (ITV) has been a part of Social Work education for more than two decades. Amidst abundant proof of the overall successes of ITV programs, there are limited accounts of the pedagogical experiences and challenges encountered by faculty who are called upon to teach distant learning courses. This paper describes a pedagogy of ITV teaching experience derived through a teaching circle in a rural undergraduate program. Method: A teaching circle comprised of four social work faculty enabled data gathering through focused discussion and critical thinking of the ITV teaching experience. Results: Extended preparation, augmenting instructional design and technology to enhance interactivity and instructor comfort with the technology emerge as key observations. Pragmatic barriers like the technology and restricted face-to-face contact are workable challenges. Conclusion: Social Work education would need a sincere examination of the interface of synchronous and asynchronous teaching with sensitivity to context and course curricula.

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Krah, Franz-Sebastian, and Claus Bässler. "What can intraspecific trait variability tell us about fungal communities and adaptations?" Mycological Progress 20, no. 7 (July 2021): 905–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11557-021-01708-6.

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AbstractAnalyses of species functional traits are suitable to better understand the coexistence of species in a given environment. Trait information can be applied to investigate diversity patterns along environmental gradients and subsequently to predict and mitigate threats associated with climate change and land use. Species traits are used to calculate community trait means, which can be related to environmental gradients. However, while species traits can provide insights into the mechanisms underlying community assembly, they can lead to erroneous inferences if mean trait values are used. An alternative is to incorporate intraspecific trait variability (ITV) into calculating the community trait means. This approach gains increasing acceptance in plant studies. For macrofungi, functional traits have recently been applied to examine their community ecology but, to our knowledge, ITV has yet to be incorporated within the framework of community trait means. Here, we present a conceptual summary of the use of ITV to investigate the community ecology of macrofungi, including the underlying ecological theory. Inferences regarding community trait means with or without the inclusion of ITV along environmental gradients are compared. Finally, an existing study is reconsidered to highlight the variety of possible outcomes when ITV is considered. We hope this Opinion will increase awareness of the potential for within-species trait variability and its importance for statistical inferences, interpretations, and predictions of the mechanisms structuring communities of macro- and other fungi.

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Hollister, C. David, and Youngmin Kim. "Evaluating ITV-Based MSW Programs: A Comparison of ITV and Traditional Graduates' Perceptions of MSW Program Qualities." Journal of Technology in Human Services 18, no. 1 (August 16, 2001): 89–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j017v18n01_08.

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Degiorgio, Lisa, Susan F. Moore, Charlene M. Kampfe, and Bill O. Downey. "Teaching Counseling Skills Using Interactive Television: Observations from a Rehabilitation Counseling Classroom." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 42, no. 3 (September 1, 2011): 32–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.42.3.32.

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A review of the rehabilitation counseling literature revealed a dearth of information clinical skill development using distance education mediums. A case study of a Rehabilitation Counseling Practicum I class that used Interactive Television (ITV), a synchronous distance education medium, was undertaken at a large southwestern university. The purpose of the study was to explore, using a qualitative approach, the use of ITV to deliver a counseling skill course to rehabilitation counseling education students. Many studies have examined students' perceptions of distance education, but no studies were found describing the use of ITV in teaching counseling skills via distance education. Using field observations, three major themes were identified: learning environment, skill building, and interactions.

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Sharman, Jack, Desiderio Rodrigues, Simon McGuirk, Mohini Panikkar, Hiroshi Nishikawa, Steve Dover, Martin Evans, and Nicholas White. "Supratentorial vs infratentorial posterior calvarial distraction osteogenesis for the increase of ICV in children with syndromic or multi-suture craniosynostosis: a retrospective cohort study." Child's Nervous System 37, no. 5 (February 5, 2021): 1677–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00381-021-05064-4.

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Abstract Purpose Craniosynostosis is the premature and pathological fusion of calvarial sutures. One modality of surgical treatment of syndromic craniosynostosis is posterior calvarial distraction (PCD). This can be either supratentorial or infratentorial. Currently, supratentorial PCD may be regarded as safer but produces a smaller increase in calvarial volume compared to infratentorial PCD. This study quantifies and compares the effectiveness of supratentorial and infratentorial PCD to help guide surgical decision-making. Methods The CT and/or MRI scans of 47 cases of craniosynostosis who underwent PCD from the Birmingham Children’s Hospital (BCH) were converted to sagittal series multi-planar reformatted (MPR) scans for the manual calculation of ICV. The 47 cases were classified as having undergone either supratentorial or infratentorial PCD using lateral plain film radiographs, with 28 and 32 pairs of pre- and post-operative CT/MRI scans reviewed respectively. Results A statistically significant difference between supratentorial and infratentorial PCD was observed for the increase in supratentorial volume (STV) (P = 0.0458) and total intracranial volume (TICV) (P = 0.0437), but not for the increase in infratentorial volume (ITV) (P = 0.0697). The relationship for each volume trended towards convergence but was not achieved before the physical limit of 30 mm distraction had been reached. Intraclass correlation coefficient values for agreement of MRI and CT scans for STV, ITV and total ICV were 0.852, 0.864 and 0.854 respectively. Conclusion Our evidence suggests that supratentorial PCD is more effective for increasing ICV in a clinical setting. CT and MRI imaging modalities are acceptably clinically interchangeable for calculating ICV in craniosynostosis.

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Creeber, G. "ITV Cultures: Independent Television Over Fifty Years." Screen 47, no. 2 (January 1, 2006): 261–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/screen/hjl020.

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Pimentel, Maria da Graca Campos, Renan G. Cattelan, Erick Lazaro Melo, Antonio Francisco Prado, and Cesar Augusto Camillo Teixeira. "End-user live editing of iTV programmes." International Journal of Advanced Media and Communication 4, no. 1 (2010): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijamc.2010.030007.

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Chisum, Misty. "Student and Instructor Perspectives of ITV Instruction." American Journal of Distance Education 34, no. 3 (January 23, 2020): 224–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/08923647.2019.1704205.

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Dyke, Greg. "Book Review: The men who sacked ITV." British Journalism Review 19, no. 3 (September 2008): 67–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956474808097353.

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Bellman, Steven, Anika Schweda, and Duane Varan. "Interactive TV advertising: iTV ad executional factors." Journal of Business Research 65, no. 6 (June 2012): 831–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.01.003.

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Bellman, Steven, Anika Schweda, and Duane Varan. "The Importance of Social Motives for Watching and Interacting with Digital Television." International Journal of Market Research 52, no. 1 (January 2010): 67–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2501/s1470785310201065.

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Contrary to a key assumption of the TV industry, interaction with digital interactive TV (iTV) programmes and ads is driven as much by social motivations as it is by information seeking. This insight was revealed by a survey of a representative sample of 867 digital TV households in the UK, which has one of the largest and most experienced digital iTV audiences in the world. This new survey used a comprehensive but efficient set of motivation items, so that no important motivations were left out, which may explain why social motivations emerged as important in this study, whereas they have not been in studies of traditional TV watching. Suggestions are made for how marketers and programme producers can make iTV content that appeals to viewers who are motivated by social needs.

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Gehrke, Sergio Alexandre, Guillermo Castro Cortellari, Gustavo Vicentis de Oliveira Fernandes, Antonio Scarano, Rafael Garcia Martins, Renata Moreira Cançado, and Alfredo Mikail Melo Mesquita. "Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing Insertion Torque and Implant Stability of Two Different Implant Macrogeometries in the Initial Periods of Osseointegration." Medicina 59, no. 1 (January 14, 2023): 168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59010168.

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Objectives: The present study compared two implants with different macrogeometries placed in healed alveolar sites, evaluating the insertion torque (ITV) and implant stability quotient (ISQ) values at three different periods. Methods: Seventy patients with a total of 100 dental implants were allocated into two groups (n = 50 per group): DuoCone implants (DC group) that included 28 implants in the maxilla and 22 in the mandible, and Maestro implants (MAE group) that included 26 in the maxilla and 24 in the mandible. The ITV was measured during the implant placement, and the ISQ values were measured immediately at implant placement (baseline) and after 30 and 45 days. Results: The mean and standard deviations of the ITV were statistically significant (p < 0.0001), 56.4 ± 6.41 Ncm for the DC group and 29.3 ± 9.65 Ncm for the MAE group. In the DC group, the ISQs ranged between 61.1 ± 3.78 and 69.8 ± 3.86, while the MAE group presented similar values compared with the other group, ranging between 61.9 ± 3.92 and 72.1 ± 2.37. Conclusions: The value of implant insertion torque did not influence the ISQ values measured immediately after implant placement. However, the ITV influenced the ISQ values measured in the two initial periods of osseointegration, with implants installed with lower torques presenting higher ISQ values.

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Gushchina, D., B. Dewitte, and S. Illig. "Remote ENSO forcing versus local air-sea interaction in QTCM: a sensitivity study to intraseasonal variability." Advances in Geosciences 6 (March 30, 2006): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-6-289-2006.

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Abstract. The skill of a newly designed global atmospheric model of intermediate complexity - QTCM (for quasi-equilibrium tropical circulation model) in simulating the teleconnections is investigated. The role of the ENSO remote forcing over the Pacific surrounding regions is emphasized from sensitivity experiments to critical parameters of the model. The role of the tropical intraseasonal variability (ITV) on the simulated ENSO teleconnection pattern is estimated using the methodology proposed by Lin et al. (2000) allowing to damp the energy of ITV in the model. The reduction of intraseasonal variability allows emphasizing the forced response of the atmosphere and eases the detection of local coupled atmosphere-ocean patterns. It was shown that the simulated ITV has an impact on the ENSO teleconnection pattern both in the mid-latitudes and in regions of ascending and descending branches of Walker circulation cells in the tropics.

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Kaučić, Hrvoje, Domagoj Kosmina, Dragan Schwarz, Adlan Čehobašić, Vanda Leipold, Ivo Pedišić, Mihaela Mlinarić, Matea Lekić, Hrvoje Šobat, and Andreas Mack. "An Evaluation of Total Internal Motions of Locally Advanced Pancreatic Cancer during SABR Using Calypso® Extracranial Tracking, and Its Possible Clinical Impact on Motion Management." Current Oncology 28, no. 6 (November 11, 2021): 4597–610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/curroncol28060389.

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(1) Background: the aims of this study were to determine the total extent of pancreatic cancer’s internal motions, using Calypso® extracranial tracking, and to indicate possible clinical advantages of continuous intrafractional fiducial-based tumor motion tracking during SABR. (2) Methods: thirty-four patients were treated with SABR for LAPC using Calypso® for motion management. Planning MSCTs in FB and DBH, and 4D-CTs were performed. Using data from Calypso® and 4D-CTs, the movements of the lesions in the CC, AP and LR directions, as well as the volumes of the 4D-CT-based ITV and the volumes of the Calypso®-based ITV were compared. (3) Results: significantly larger medians of tumor excursions were found with Calypso® than with 4D-CT: CC: 29 mm (p < 0.001); AP: 14 mm (p < 0.001) and LR: 11 mm (p < 0.039). The median volume of the Calypso®-based ITV was significantly larger than that of the 4D-CT based ITV (p < 0.001). (4) Conclusion: beside known respiratory-induced internal motions, pancreatic cancer seems to have significant additional motions which should be considered during respiratory motion management. Only direct and continuous intrafractional fiducial-based motion tracking seems to provide complete coverage of the target lesion with the prescribed isodose, which could allow for safe tumor dose escalation.

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Sreenivasan, Chithra C., Zizhang Sheng, Dan Wang, and Feng Li. "Host Range, Biology, and Species Specificity of Seven-Segmented Influenza Viruses—A Comparative Review on Influenza C and D." Pathogens 10, no. 12 (December 5, 2021): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10121583.

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Other than genome structure, influenza C (ICV), and D (IDV) viruses with seven-segmented genomes are biologically different from the eight-segmented influenza A (IAV), and B (IBV) viruses concerning the presence of hemagglutinin–esterase fusion protein, which combines the function of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase responsible for receptor-binding, fusion, and receptor-destroying enzymatic activities, respectively. Whereas ICV with humans as primary hosts emerged nearly 74 years ago, IDV, a distant relative of ICV, was isolated in 2011, with bovines as the primary host. Despite its initial emergence in swine, IDV has turned out to be a transboundary bovine pathogen and a broader host range, similar to influenza A viruses (IAV). The receptor specificities of ICV and IDV determine the host range and the species specificity. The recent findings of the presence of the IDV genome in the human respiratory sample, and high traffic human environments indicate its public health significance. Conversely, the presence of ICV in pigs and cattle also raises the possibility of gene segment interactions/virus reassortment between ICV and IDV where these viruses co-exist. This review is a holistic approach to discuss the ecology of seven-segmented influenza viruses by focusing on what is known so far on the host range, seroepidemiology, biology, receptor, phylodynamics, species specificity, and cross-species transmission of the ICV and IDV.

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TSAI, MING-TZU, WAN-PING YU, HENG-LI HUANG, and JUI-TING HSU. "EFFECT OF BONE QUALITY ON INITIAL STABILITY OF ORTHODONTIC MINISCREWS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 19, no. 02 (March 2019): 1940013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021951941940013x.

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Purpose: This study investigated the effects of the contact percentage (BMC%) of three-dimensional (3D) bone-to-miniscrew specimens in relation to host bone quality on initial miniscrew stability. Furthermore, their correlations were evaluated.Methods: Orthodontic miniscrews (1.6[Formula: see text]mm in diameter and 11[Formula: see text]mm in length) were inserted into four types of artificial bones to measure the maximum insertion torque value (ITV). The miniscrew and artificial foam bone specimens were also scanned using microcomputed tomography, and the obtained images were imported into Mimics software to reconstruct the 3D models and calculate the BMC%. The Kruskal–Wallis test, Wilcoxon rank-sum test with Bonferroni adjustment, and Spearman correlations were applied for statistical and correlation analyses.Results and Conclusions: Inserting the orthodontic miniscrew into artificial foam bone exhibiting higher bone quality resulted in higher maximum ITV and BMC%. The initial implant stability, quantified using ITV, was strongly positively ([Formula: see text]) and correlated with BMC%, as measured from microcomputed tomography images.

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Gorges, Julia. "Motivational Beliefs Specific to Business Studies Subfields: Interrelations, Antecedents, and Change in the Introductory Study Phase." International Journal of Educational Psychology 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.17583/ijep.2019.3780.

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In higher education, self-concepts of ability (SCA) and intrinsic task values (ITV) are key determinants of students’ choice of study program and dropout. Both constructs are multidimensional (i.e., specific to curricular learning content) and hierarchically structured (i.e., aggregate into one or more higher-order factors), which is often neglected in higher education research. Therefore, the present study investigated German business studies students’ (N = 375; age: M (SD) = 21.8 (5.51); 59% female) SCAs and ITVs at the level of subfields. Longitudinal data collected at the transition into higher education (t1) and toward the end of the first semester (t2) gave insight into (changes in) interrelations and antecedents of subfield-specific SCAs and ITVs during the introductory study phase, when students likely had to review their hitherto anticipated motivational beliefs. Results from confirmatory factor analyses and structural equation modeling revealed that interrelations of SCAs and ITVs decrease over time. SCAs correlate increasingly strongly within a mathematical and a verbal domain compared to cross-domain correlations. Accordingly, mathematics, but not German SCA, from high school predicts all subfield-specific SCAs at t1, but only mathematical subfield SCAs at t2. The pattern of results for ITVs is less systematic: Mathematics ITV consistently predicted both mathematical subfield ITVs, whereas German ITV predicted law ITV only at t1. Curricular and practical implications of the subfield-specific formation of motivational beliefs at the transition into higher education are discussed.

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De Lara, Alicia. "La frenada de vehículos sobre rodillos de ITV." UMH Sapiens Divulgación Científica 2014, no. 8 (December 2014): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.21134/22553568.2014.8.fvritv.

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Oliver, Paul. "Movie Mahal: Indian cinema on ITV Channel 4." Popular Music 7, no. 2 (May 1988): 215–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0261143000002774.

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Silva, Telmo, Hilma Caravau, Liliana Reis, and Pedro Almeida. "Iconography’s development for a seniors’ iTV informative platform." Procedia Computer Science 121 (2017): 576–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.procs.2017.11.076.

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Quirk, S., and W. L. Smith. "Partial Breast ITV Margin From Population Respiratory PDF." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 84, no. 3 (November 2012): S260—S261. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2012.07.678.

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van Herk, Marcel. "TU-D-202-00: Rest In Peace - ITV." Medical Physics 43, no. 6Part34 (June 2016): 3747. http://dx.doi.org/10.1118/1.4957489.

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Kundapur, V., and N. Venugopal. "Verification of ITV Margins Using Four Dimensional CBCT." International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics 99, no. 2 (October 2017): E681. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrobp.2017.06.2244.

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Journal articles on the topic 'ITV'

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