Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Italy-Spain'
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1
Ciotta, Chiara <1996>. "Segmentation of Russian tourists traveling to Italy, Spain and Greece." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/21111.
Full textAbstract:
The research activities will focus on the tourist flow from Russia to Italy, Spain and Greece. The growing Russian incoming tourist demand of these three southern European destinations is well known. However, a scarce amount of information is available to European stakeholders. The aim is to collect useful data for the improvement of the services in these countries so that stakeholders understand how to properly ameliorate the provided tourist experience.
In this paper the market segmentation method applied to the tourism market will be examined and subsequently the methodology and results of our market research will be shown, including the results of the interviews administered directly to Russian tourists.
The thesis research will be based on the Russian tourist segment study previously conducted by Sergey Petrovich Kazakov (associate Professor at the Higher School Economics of Moscow) which is one of the two coordinators of this research, together with Professor of Surveys and Statistical Methods for Tourism at Ca’ Foscari University Stefano Campostrini.
2
Frasnelli, Denise. "Minority and Regional Languages in the European Union: Ireland, Italy and Spain." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16529/.
Full textAbstract:
The European Union and the single States have different laws and regulations protecting linguistic rights. In this dissertation we have a look at three different situations, namely those of Ireland, Italy and Spain. We see which legal arrangements have been made in order to protect the cultural heritage and the usage of minority and regional languages in each State.
3
KORBEK, Gamze. "TEACHING PERSPECTIVES ON CLIL IN DIFFERENT EDUCATIONAL CONTEXTS: Italy, Spain and Turkey." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/395496.
Full textAbstract:
L'apprendimento integrato di contenuto e lingua (CLIL) è un approccio in cui le materie vengono
insegnate attraverso una lingua straniera con un duplice obiettivo: l’apprendimento di contenuto
disciplinare non linguistico e il contemporaneo apprendimento di una lingua straniera con funzione
veicolare. Finalità primaria del presente lavoro di ricerca è mettere in evidenza struttura e logica
organizzativa che soggiace all’insegnamento/apprendimento mediato dalla lingua con le ripercussioni
che esso implica.
La ricerca vuole offrire una panoramica multidimensionale delle impostazioni CLIL a livello
internazionale (Italia, Spagna, Turchia) in ambito scolastico, panoramica che contempla le percezioni
delle figure educative coinvolte, il ruolo dei team di gestione delle scuole, lo sviluppo professionale
degli insegnanti e i risultati accademici e non accademici ottenuti per garantire il successo del CLIL
nonché il livello di soddisfazione degli studenti nei Paesi oggetto dell’indagine. Al fine di presentare
tutte queste informazioni, è stato utilizzato un progetto di ricerca con metodo misto.
Insegnanti di lingua, insegnanti di altre discipline, coordinatori didattici e dirigenti sono le
componenti importanti per la messa in atto della pratica del CLIL. Si tratta di figure-guida per gli
studenti, nonché concreti amministratori del processo educativo; pertanto, rilevare e comprendere il
loro punto di vista è un passaggio necessario.
La ricerca, condotta in tre diversi contesti educativi, Italia, Spagna e Turchia, più
specificamente in Sicilia, nella Regione Autonoma Castiglia-León e nella Regione Marmara, ha preso
in considerazione le realtà teoriche, legislative e pratiche nella messa a punto dei programmi CLIL
secondo le differenze proprie di ciascun sistema educativo. Il funzionamento del programma CLIL e
le sue parti costitutive sono stata, pertanto, esaminate in dettaglio nei tre contesti nazionali,
esprimendo alcune vie di miglioramento della pratica del CLIL a scuola.
Parole chiave: CLIL, percezione, insegnamento delle lingue straniere, insegnamento dei contenuti,
contesti educativi diversi.Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) is an approach where subjects are taught through a dual focusing foreign language aimed at the learning of the content, and the simultaneous learning of the foreign language. The main purpose of this dissertation is dealing with the organization behind the learning foreign languages through a content-based subject and the content-based subject through foreign languages. So, the main purpose of this dissertation may be said to be about the effects of CLIL learning. Here we want to offer a multidimensional overview to the CLIL settings at an international level; Italy, Spain, Turkey, through the perceptions of educational authorities about the involvement of management teams, professional development of teachers and the academic and non-academic results obtained to ensure the success of CLIL practice as well as the level of satisfaction of the students in three different countries. In consideration of what said till now we have made use of a mixed research design, in particular QUAN – QUAL ® Findings ® Interpretation model. Teachers of linguistic areas, teachers of non-linguistic areas, coordinators, and directors are the important components of a CLIL context. As they are the guides for students as well as being the administrators of the education process, knowing their point of view is of high importance. That’s why this study pays most attention to the perception of CLIL by the educational communities and to the differences created by perception in the implementation which varies from country to country. The research participants are; directors, coordinators, teachers of linguistic areas, teachers of nonlinguistic areas and students from selected schools with CLIL provision. The research has been conducted in three different education contexts; namely, Sicily in Italy, Castilla-León Autonomous Region in Spain and Marmara Region in Turkey, at a tertiary level of education considering the theoretical, legislative and practical realities each country has within their educative systems. The functioning of CLIL program and components in the mentioned countries would be examined in details and potential ways to improve the positive results would be discussed extensively in the dissertation thesis. Key Words: CLIL, Perception, Foreign Language Teaching, Content Teaching, Diverse Educational Contexts
4
McMahon, Simon Alexander. "Negotiating meanings and power : the politics of Romanian immigration in Italy and Spain." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2013. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/negotiating-meanings-and-power(ce541450-1f43-41f5-afad-a0c11a1812f2).html.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis critically engages with the politics of citizenship, immigration and identity in Europe. It asks why different public and political responses to the presence of Romanian immigrants have arisen in Italy, where this nationality has been presented as a threat to security and public order, compared to Spain where this has not been so. In doing so, it has sought to bring an understudied immigrant population into mainstream academic view whilst contrasting the prevalent idea in academia and politics that immigrants constitute culturally homogeneous and bounded groups or communities. It argues that different responses are due not to the cultural characteristics of immigrants themselves but rather to the choices and strategies of mobilisation of structurally-situated actors who negotiate what it means to be categorised as being of one of these nationalities. It then examines the implications of the accession of Romania to the European Union in 2007, finding that the legal category of EU citizen does not directly herald an increasing presence in the public sphere for Romanian immigrants. Instead, the impact of the rights of citizenship of the EU on public references to Romanian immigrants are contingent on local contexts and dependent on the ability of specific actors to take advantage of national and local opportunities for inclusion and participation. The research project thus contributes empirically and methodologically to diverse literatures on the role of identity in contemporary politics, immigrant and ethnic minority political participation and social movements, and the implications of European Union integration on immigration, immigrant integration and social citizenship in the current phase of globalisation. It thus provides a perspective on the political dimension of immigration and ethnic relations as well as a way of unveiling and explaining the mobilisation of populist xenophobic discourses found in some European countries today.
5
Johnson, Dawnielle. "Authors and Facism: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Literary Resistance in Italy and Spain." Honors in the Major Thesis, University of Central Florida, 2005. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETH/id/773.
Full textAbstract:
This item is only available in print in the UCF Libraries. If this is your Honors Thesis, you can help us make it available online for use by researchers around the world by following the instructions on the distribution consent form at http://library.ucfBachelors
Arts and Sciences
Foreign Languages and Literatures
6
Scott, Rachel Jennifer. "Meaning in movement : Celestina and the human condition in early modern Spain and Italy." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2014. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/meaning-in-movement(75b816f2-e77c-4859-84a6-1e22731e9a2a).html.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores the reception and ideological significance of one of the most widely read ‘bestsellers’ of early modern Europe, the late medieval Spanish novel-in-dialogue Celestina by Fernando de Rojas (1499). Celestina’s reception has been traced through a variety of methods and sources; however, no single study has yet sought a broader ideological and comparative interpretation of its appeal. I argue that Celestina continued to be meaningful because it engaged with one of the central ideological preoccupations of the later Middle Ages and Renaissance, namely the human condition, conceptualised in debates about the misery and dignity of man. Taking my cues from reception theorists and scholars of cultural translation, I reconstruct the ‘horizons of expectation’ of Celestina’s reception in XVIc Spain and Italy by setting it in dialogue with analogous texts common to both Peninsulas that also deal with this issue. As well as foregrounding how meaning is created in the process of reception, this approach extends Celestina’s own methodology, which juxtaposed and re-constituted disparate elements to create something new. I argue that Celestina demonstrates how literary texts represent spaces where ideologies can be negotiated, qualified, and even critiqued. After a discussion of methodological and thematic issues, Chapter 2 juxtaposes Celestina and the Diálogo de la dignidad del hombre (1546) and examines the concepts of self-knowledge and solitude against conceptualisations of human misery and dignity, and emerging attitudes of disbelief. Chapter 3 uses Il Cortegiano (1528) for an investigation into the concept of self-fashioning as it relates to Renaissance debates about language and courtliness, and changes in XVIc society. Focusing on La vita delle puttane (1534) and its translation, the Coloquio de las damas (1547), chapter 4 addresses agency and self-hood from the perspective of the margins, exploring the tension between freedom and constraint through the figure of the prostitute. The final section considers the ideological association between the ‘mala muger’ and liber pestifer in the context of XVIc censorship.
7
Baysal, Baris. "Inflation Convergence between Germany and Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden, Turkey : A co-integration Analysis." Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Nationalekonomi, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-35864.
Full textAbstract:
This paper looks for evidence of co-integration to the German inflation rate between the countries Greece, Italy, Spain, Sweden and Turkey. The method applied is based on econometrics since some certain statistical tests need to be performed to obtain more accurate results. The main tests used are Dickey-Fuller and Augmented version of this test which is vital to test for unit-root and co-integration in this paper. Since the data need to be stationary to perform the analysis in this paper, second difference and the deseasonalisation methods are also used for this purpose. Deseasonalisation method helps this paper progress in two means; to determine the months which have seasonal effect and to form another model with the help of the seasonal months, to obtain stationary series. Finally the original co-integration model is then tested again after deseaonalisation with Dickey-Fuller and Augmented Dickey-Fuller tests. After the tests, I found evidence that Greece, Italy, Sweden, and Turkey are co-integrating with German inflation rate whereas there is no evidence for Spain.
8
Razetti, F. "POLITICS, PUBLIC POLICY AND INTERGOVERNMENTAL ARRANGEMENTS: THE CASE OF HEALTHCARE IN ITALY AND SPAIN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/240304.
Full textAbstract:
Under the effect of both exogenous and endogenous pressures, the territorial organization of political power has been deeply transformed in many Western States. In such a context, intergovernmental relations (IGR) have become increasingly salient, adding (or redefining) a new dimension of politics within multi-tiered domestic arenas. Different institutional tools for managing transformed intergovernmental relations (Intergovernmental Arrangements) are both theoretically possible and empirically observable. In this dissertation, the causes and the consequences of these institutional structures are investigated in two neo-regional countries – Spain and Italy – in one of the public policy sectors most affected by the process of territorial re-scaling: health care. Grounded on a historical new-institutional perspective and based on the adoption of a Most Similar System research Design (MSSD), the comparative analysis explores firstly why, in spite of similar levels of health care decentralization, Intergovernmental Arrangements at work in this policy field in these two countries differ on many respects; and, secondly, whether these differences can account for variations in the processes of intergovernmental policy-making channeled through them. The analysis shows the relevance, for understanding IGAs’ differences, of a set of factors at play in the early stages of decentralization: the degree of symmetry in the allocation of healthcare competences among subnational units as well as the kind of intragovernmental relations within the constitutive arenas; moreover, it suggests that the timing by which causal conditions come into play is a
relevant question to be considered. By assessing the impact exerted by Intergovernmental Arrangements on IGR, and particularly on the kind of coalitions emerging in IGR processes, the analysis shows that, in line with previous studies in the field, the general
question "do intergovernmental institutions matter?" can be positively answered.
9
BINI, STEFANO. "Labor law, economics and regulation: Italy and Spain: comparing models in the European framework." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201095.
Full textAbstract:
The work here presented wishes to propose a critical and reasoned
reflection about the relationship between labor law and economics in a
continuously changing international scenario.
The theme can certainly be inserted among the “classic” ones,
because it faces one of the most fascinating issues labor law – as a
subject – places when it projects itself outside its natural conceptual
perimeter.
The research object is in fact based on a critical reflection around
the vexata quaestio of the relationship between the juridical-labor law
sphere and the economic dimension of reference.
More in detail, in this general framework, we carry out a research
which thrusts down its roots in an organic analysis of the theoretical
positions of law and labor economics, in order to develop a synergic
argument which can possibly be advantageous in both research ambits.
With the present work, we wish therefore to test the holding of
the relationship between the two spheres of knowledge considered, also
in the perspective of the elaboration of hermeneutic contributions useful
for a possible re-conceptualization of labor law, partially imposed by the
morphological change of the socio-economic contexts of reference.
Following a logical sequence, the present work is structured in
five conceptually autonomous chapters, which however permeate each
other and are conceived in a indissoluble unitary dimension in order to
guarantee systematic coherence to the research.
In detail, moving from a careful reflection about the “crisis” of
labor law considered by itself and in its interaction with economics,
attention is placed on the intrinsically conflictual and dualistic nature of
the subject, in its being a projection of the pair “capital/work”.
After some unavoidable methodological considerations, useful for
an analytical-conceptual reflection, we then highlight the elements of
interest deriving from the comparison between and the balancing of
economic and social rationality, economic factuality and juridical
“evaluation”.
From a methodological point of view, the logical and scientific
assumption of the research is the firm conviction that only through a
systemic approach, characterized by a strong comparative and
multidisciplinary framework, it is possible to carefully analyze the
current structure and configuration of the relationship between labor
law and economics in order to outline in particular the boundaries of
future perspectives of development.
A clear reconstruction of a suitable method to rationalize the
dialectic process between cognitive openness and juridical reconceptualization
is indeed inescapable.
The use of the comparison – contextualized and teleologically
addressed to give the work an appreciable hermeneutic contribution – is
thus considered the privileged, functional research method.
The labor law systems compared – as shown in the body of the
present work – are those of Italy and Spain, because of the proximity of
the regulatory paths explored from time to time and of the convergence
resulting also from recent reforms.
Hence, looking at the paradigmatic institutes of the impact of the
economic sphere on juridical regulations, the concrete relationship
between economics and labor law is in particular considered with
specific reference to the worker’s tasks (and demotion/deskilling), also as
a consequence of the recent legislative reforms, which have been
introduced in the two legal systems object of comparison.
In addition, special consideration is reserved to the concept of
“flexibility”, to the specular notion of “security”, and to the boundaries of the concept of “flexicurity”, in the scenario of a European labor law
undergoing a deep change in the search of a possible new balance.
Exactly the search of a new adjustment between the different
interests involved in present-day labor law relationships finds in an
axiological framework of values the natural landing of the research path
here briefly presented.
In the conclusions of the present work, we propose some targeted
reflections about the urgent need to “return” to the principles and the
values which have represented the essence of the subject, yesterday as
today.
Labor regulation, in relation to economic efficiency and to the
requests of deregulation coming from the market, cannot leave aside the
rediscovery of the table of values of reference and the balancing of the
different interests involved.
10
D'Ambrosio, Anna. "Migration flows and local systems of production: new comparative evidence on Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/369019.
Full textAbstract:
The thesis explores the question of whether immigrants can spur the internationalization and innovation activities of the local production systems of their countries of destination. It is composed of two parts. In the first part, migrants' pro-trade effects is analysed through a theory-consistent gravity model augmented with migration variables. The analysis takes subnational units, i.e. NUTS3 regions, and compares Italy and Spain. The empirical model allows for subnationally heterogeneous multilateral resistance term. An econometric strategy based on Head and Mayer (2014) is implemented to address the main econometric issues and to select the suitable estimator. This leads to selecting the Gamma PML estimator in the case of Spain and the OLS estimator in the Italian case. The results suggest that applying the same model to different contexts can lead to different results: immigration is found to have a positive trade facilitating effect in the Spanish case and a negative trade-diverting role in the Italian case. This difference is attributed to specificities in the composition and integration patterns of the immigrant population in the two countries; tentative explanations are proposed for the negative effect. The second part of the thesis analyses the determinants of immigrants’ employment focussing, in a comparative perspective, on two case studies of local systems specialized in the mechanic sector, i.e. Reggio Emilia in Italy and Elgoibar in Spain. The two are similar in many respects - income and employment levels, sectoral specialisation, high levels of local social capital - but are marked by quite different capacity of integrating immigrant labour in the core industry. Drawing on the availability of two sets of similar firm-level microdata at the corresponding NUTS2 levels, cluster and discriminant analysis are performed to outline the characteristics of firms hiring immigrants in each context. The comparison of the two regions shows that, in the more inclusive context, immigrants are also much more frequently employed in knowledge-oriented firms. The subjective determinants for hiring immigrants are deepened in a series of semi-structured interviews with the employers. In the local system marked by bridging social capital, immigrants’ employment is found to be determined by a wider set of considerations that span well beyond labour replacement in manual tasks. Diverse work teams are reported to contribute to product development and innovation allowing a combination of cost-saving standardization and cultural-specific customizability to serve foreign tastes.
11
Vasileiou, Ioannis. "The EU regional policy and its impact on two Mediterranean member states (Italy and Spain)." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1763/.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of EU Regional Policy is to intervene effectively in regions that “lag behind” in economic terms and to finance development programmes through the allocation of Structural Funds which operate in accordance with the principles of subsidiarity, additionality and partnership. This policy should allow regions to converge with EU averages in terms of income and employment. Italy and Spain provide very good examples within the EU as a whole, of significant economic disparities between regions that still appear to be present. We argue and provide substantial evidence of the fact that the persistence of such disparities is mainly due to inefficient administrative and institutional capacity at the regional level. Although some regions have brought themselves towards the average, in Italy and Spain, there is evidence that certain administrative, institutional and implementation problems have tended to appear, hampering the opportunities of regions to converge in the required way. Because of this, regional economic convergence and thereby socio-economic cohesion are still beyond reach. Two decades after the 1988 Reform of the Structural Funds, EU Regional Policy has only partially succeeded in reducing regional economic divergence within Italy and Spain, where regional economic inequalities still exist. Although we demonstrate that some regions have been able to move forward in the requisite way, it is questionable whether all of the support for these regions can actually be eliminated completely in the near future with the challenges that the EU faces, particularly in relation to the latest round of Enlargement.
12
Arenliu, Arlinda <1975>. "Linking rural tourism to agriculture. Evidences from comparative case studies in Kosovo, Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7048/1/Arenliu_Arlinda_tesi.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
Rural tourism has been widely promoted in the European Union as an effective measure counteracting economic and social challenges facing rural areas especially those with declining agriculture economies. Particularly its role is seen in provision and maintenance of public goods which are more and more demanded by the public and considered in the policymaking.
In Kosovo, rural tourism has been developed through the support of the international organizations and private sector initiatives, with primary aim to generate additional income for rural households and sustainable management of natural and cultural resources. Anyhow, it could be stated that the use of territorial capital to enhance the quality of the tourist offer and undertake promotion at wider circles of people has not been well explored so far, particularly possible links with agriculture that would satisfy visitors demand.
In this regard this research study analyzes involvement of local stakeholders and use of territorial capital to develop tourist offer in rural areas of Kosovo. Beside, study applies comparative approach with other two areas of the European Union, Appennino Bolognese in Italy and Alpujara in Spain, to understand and compare the process of rural tourism development and demand characteristics between Kosovo and these areas. A survey has been conducted in all three study areas with rural tourism visitors to understand their preferences for public and private goods and services when visiting rural areas and the role of agriculture in sustaining rural tourism.
Results show that there is a potential to link rural tourism with agriculture in Kosovo, which would help in sustaining agriculture and add additional value to local food products, which in return would enhance the tourist offer and make it more attractive for the visitors but also for the farmers as an additional revenue generating sector.
13
Arenliu, Arlinda <1975>. "Linking rural tourism to agriculture. Evidences from comparative case studies in Kosovo, Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2015. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/7048/.
Full textAbstract:
Rural tourism has been widely promoted in the European Union as an effective measure counteracting economic and social challenges facing rural areas especially those with declining agriculture economies. Particularly its role is seen in provision and maintenance of public goods which are more and more demanded by the public and considered in the policymaking.
In Kosovo, rural tourism has been developed through the support of the international organizations and private sector initiatives, with primary aim to generate additional income for rural households and sustainable management of natural and cultural resources. Anyhow, it could be stated that the use of territorial capital to enhance the quality of the tourist offer and undertake promotion at wider circles of people has not been well explored so far, particularly possible links with agriculture that would satisfy visitors demand.
In this regard this research study analyzes involvement of local stakeholders and use of territorial capital to develop tourist offer in rural areas of Kosovo. Beside, study applies comparative approach with other two areas of the European Union, Appennino Bolognese in Italy and Alpujara in Spain, to understand and compare the process of rural tourism development and demand characteristics between Kosovo and these areas. A survey has been conducted in all three study areas with rural tourism visitors to understand their preferences for public and private goods and services when visiting rural areas and the role of agriculture in sustaining rural tourism.
Results show that there is a potential to link rural tourism with agriculture in Kosovo, which would help in sustaining agriculture and add additional value to local food products, which in return would enhance the tourist offer and make it more attractive for the visitors but also for the farmers as an additional revenue generating sector.
14
De, Sordi Alberto <1989>. "Migrants and Asylum Seekers. Italy and Spain between EU border control and national reception system." Master's Degree Thesis, Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10579/6040.
Full textAbstract:
Negli ultimi decenni, e in particolar modo a partire dagli anni ottanta del 1900, i flussi migratori nella regione Mediterranea sono aumentati considerevolmente. Paesi come l’Italia e la Spagna hanno dovuto adeguarsi a questa nuova tendenza trasformandosi da paesi di emigrazione in paesi di transito e destinazione per molti migranti che utilizzano la rotta marittima con risposte non sempre rapide ed efficaci. Considerando la loro posizione geografica e il loro ruolo di “porte” d’accesso all’UE, il controllo delle frontiere e i sistemi d'accoglienza nazionali sono diventati uno tra gli argomenti chiave nel dibattito politico e sociale.
15
D'Incau, P. "Gender differences of ADRs related to psychotropic drug: a survey from Italy, France and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3427468.
Full textAbstract:
Background: It is well recognized that being female appears to be a risk factor for developing ADRs. A number of studies clearly suggest that ADRs are 50% to 75% more likely in women than in men. It has also been suggested that there is a
female preponderance in the number of ADRs experienced with nervous system agents. Results from the European Study of the Epidemiology of Mental disorders (ESEMED) conducted in 2001-2003, highlight that the use of psychotropic drugs
was more prevalent among women than men. Anxiolytics, sedatives and hypnotics were more often used, followed by antidepressants and antipsychotics. A female propensity to experience of drug adverse effects may result from “gender” related differences in drug exposure as well as “sex” related differences in drug pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Nonetheless, the reasons for this increased risk in female patients are not entirely clear, notably whether adverse
drug reactions among women reflect an inappropriate use of psychotropic medications.
Objective: The aim of this study is to analyze the difference between women and men of psychotropic drugs ADRs reported in the regional pharmacovigilance centre of Midi-Pyrénées (France), Veneto (Italy) and Castilla-Leon (Spain) using
spontaneously reported reactions. Specifically the spontaneous reports of ADRs studied regarded antipsychotics, anxiolytics, hypnotics, antidepressant and stimulants that were reported between 2007 and 2009.
Methods: Within the French, Italian and Spanish Pharmacovigilance System databases, the case/non-case method was used to measure the association with
the exposure of psychotropic medications of interest and gender. Cases were the reports corresponding to the ADRs related at least to one type of psychotropic drugs of interest and the non-cases are all reports of ADRs other than that being
studied. The association was estimated by calculating a reporting odds ratio (ROR) with its 95% confidence interval (CI).
Results: A total of 967 patients were included in the study, 592 (61%) were female and 375 (39%) were male (p< 0,001). Mean age of the study population was 51 years (range 08-97 years). The association between the use of psychotropic
medications of interest and gender was statistically significant for women taking antidepressants (ROR crude =1.67; 95% CI 1,35-2,06; ROR stratified for seriousness =1,71; 95% CI 1,39-2,11; ROR stratified for age = 1,53; 95% CI 1,24-
1,90; ROR stratified for age and seriousness =1.54; 95% CI 1,25-1,90) [all p < 0,001].
Analyzing all reports of ADRs reported, the most involved drugs were risperidone (14 % of the total N05A drugs), alprazolam (14 % of the total N05B drugs), zolpidem (32% of the total N05C drugs), paroxetine (16 % of the total N06A drugs)
and methylphenidate (39% of the total N06B drugs), while the most associated with sex, in particular with female sex, were lithium carbonate (p<0.05) and prazepam (p<0.05), and with male sex were clozapine (p<0.05) and sertraline (p<0.05).
The most frequent type of ADRs reported in all women reports were classified as “Central & peripherical nervous system disorders” (24%) and “Psychiatric disorders” (18%), while in all men reports were “Body as a whole - general
disorders” (14%) and “Resistance mechanism disorders” (13%).
Conclusions: The present study which investigated the role of gender in ADRs reported to a regional French, Italian and Spain Pharmacovigilance centres indicates that female sex is a risk factor for the development of ADRs related to psychotropic drugs especially to antidepressants.
Further research should be performed to investigate the sex-specific drug safety of psychtropic use, taking into account potential risk factors, not only in relation to pharmacogenetics, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, but also in
psychological, social, economic, political and cultural aspects.Introduzione. È ormai ampiamente riconosciuto come le differenze tra donne e uomini possano influire sulla risposta al trattamento farmacologico e sulla sicurezza dell’impiego dei farmaci nelle due diverse popolazioni. Il genere femminile sembra essere un fattore di rischio per la manifestazione delle reazioni avverse ai farmaci (ADR): le donne hanno una probabilità del 50-75% superiore rispetto agli uomini di manifestare un’ ADR. I farmaci psicotropi rappresentano una delle classi maggiormente coinvolte nella manifestazione degli eventi avversi. Dai risultati di uno studio europeo ESEMED (Epidemiologia dei Disturbi Mentali) emerge come Francia, Italia e Spagna rappresentino i paesi in cui sono state rilevate le più alte percentuali di utilizzo di farmaci psicotropi. Gli ansiolitici, i sedativi e gli ipnotici sono stati rilevati in questo studio come gli psicofarmaci più frequentemente utilizzati, seguiti dagli antidepressivi ed ansiolitici. La propensione delle donne alla segnalazione, nonché le differenze delle donne rispetto agli uomini nella farmacocinetica e farmacodinamica, l’età, il numero dei farmaci prescritti alle donne possono chiaramente influenzare l’entità della segnalazione. Nonostante queste evidenze, le ragioni di questo aumento del rischio in pazienti di sesso femminile non sono del tutto chiare, in particolare se le reazioni avverse al farmaco tra le donne riflettono un uso improprio dei farmaci psicotropi. Obiettivi. Lo scopo principale dello studio è stato quello di indagare le differenze tra la popolazione maschile e quella femminile riguardo alla comparsa di ADRs da farmaci psicotropi, rilevate nel centro di farmacovigilanza della regione del Midi- Pyrénées (Francia), del Veneto (Italia) e della Castilla y Leòn (Spagna), utilizzando dati provenienti dalla segnalazione spontanea. Nello specifico, sono stati rilevati tutti i report di segnalazione delle ADRs relative alle seguenti classi di psicofarmaci: antipsicotici, ansiolitici, ipnotici, antidepressivi e stimolanti; riportate tra il 1 gennaio 2007 e il 31 dicembre 2009. Metodo. Le ADRs sono state classificate secondo il sesso, la gravità, la tipologia della reazione, l’esito, i farmaci sospetti ed i farmaci concomitanti assunti. La distribuzione per sesso è stata analizzata con il metodo caso-non caso (report associati alle 5 categorie di psicofarmaci in studio e report associati a tutti gli altri farmaci) calcolando il reporting odds ratio (ROR) crudo e aggiustato su tutte le variabili, e considerando un intervallo di confidenza del 95% (IC 95%). Risultati. Un totale di 967 pazienti sono stati inclusi nello studio, 592 (61%) era di sesso femminile e 375 (39%) era di sesso maschile (p <0,001). L'età media della popolazione in studio era di 51 anni (range 08-97 anni). L'associazione tra l'uso di farmaci psicotropi di interesse e il genere è stata rilevata statisticamente significativa per le donne che assumevano antidepressivi (ROR grezzo = 1,67, IC 95% 1,35-2,06; ROR stratificato per gravità = 1,71, IC 95% 1,39-2,11; ROR stratificato per età = 1,53, IC 95% 1,24-1,90; ROR stratificato per età e gravità = 1.54, IC 95% 1,25-1,90) [tutte le p <0.001]. Dall’analisi di tutti i report di ADRs segnalati, i farmaci maggiormente coinvolti sono stati: il risperidone (il 14% di tutti i farmaci appartenenti alla classe ATC N05A), l’ alprazolam (il 14% degli N05B), il zolpidem (il 32% degli N05C), la paroxetina (il 16% degli N06A) e il metilfenidato (il 39% degli N06B). I farmaci, invece, maggiormente associati al sesso, in particolare al sesso femminile, sono stati il carbonato di litio (p <0,05) e il prazepam (p <0,05), e al sesso maschile sono stati la clozapina (p <0,05) e la sertralina (p <0,05). La tipologia di ADR più frequentemente riportata dalle donne riguardava " disturbi del sistema nervoso centrale" (24%) e "disturbi psichiatrici" (18%), mentre negli uomini "disturbi generali "(14%) e" disturbi nei meccanismi di resistenza "(13%). Conclusioni. Dal presente studio è possibile osservare come il sesso femminile rappresenti un fattore di rischio per lo sviluppo di reazioni avverse correlate a farmaci psicotropi, soprattutto in riferimento agli antidepressivi. Ulteriori ricerche dovrebbero essere effettuate per valutare la sicurezza dell’uso di farmaci psicotropi in funzione del sesso, tenendo conto dei potenziali fattori di rischio, non solo relativi alla farmacogenetica, farmacocinetica e farmacodinamica, ma anche ad aspetti psicologici, sociali, economici, politici e culturali.
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Casula, Mattia. "Economic Growh and Cohesion Policy Implementation in Italy and Spain: Institutions, Strategic Choices, Administrative Change." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/201047.
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Conceptualizing Cohesion Policy as A Case of Development Policy: A Framework for the Empirical Analysis. Understanding the Rules of the Game: How Cohesion Policy Works. The Italian Case: Between Decentralization and the Legacies of the Past. The Spanish Case: The Benefits of a National Coordination. Two Cases in a Comparative Perspective.
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Torresan, Andrea. "The Perception of Ecosystem Services in the Marine Protected Areas: a comparison between Italy and Spain." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/12260/.
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To prevent the overexploitation of the marine ecosystem and to conserve biodiversity, the Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) are one of the most common tools, but their management and effectiveness depend on how the local population and the main stakeholders perceive them other than the existence of a good and proper management plan.
This work uses the questionnaire methodology to assess how a MPA can lead benefit (Ecosystem Services) for the local people and how the stakeholder, in turn, perceive and evaluate the MPAs presence. The analysis is performed by comparing two MPAs: the first one is the “Parque Natural del Estrecho” in the autonomous community of Andalusia (Spain) while the second one is the “Area Marina Protetta di Porto Cesareo” in the Apulian region (Italy). The interviews are realized on four categories of stakeholders: diving workers, small-scale fishermen, recreational fishermen and tourism service operators.
Stakeholder highlighted the lack of monitoring for the activity of the non-professional fishermen, that often use unauthorised fishing gears, sell their catches and fish more than the five kilograms (Reg. CE 1967/2006) allowed by the law, damaging the environmental conservation and the small-scale fisheries.
Moreover, a high number of tourists leads to positive economical incomes for many local activities, also connected with an environmental friendly tourism, but if this tourism activity is not well managed could lead to negative environmental effects, due to the pollution or to the natural landscape deterioration (e.g. dunes).
The results of this work confirm partially the precedents studies on MPAs but also highlight some new perceptions about the ecosystem services provided by MPAs.
This study demonstrates that the perception of the stakeholder can change during the years and that the benefits of the presence of the MPA are not always obtained immediately.
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Horta, Gabrielle. "The potential of the Eurozone crisis to mobilize extreme right support in Spain, Portugal, and Italy." Thesis, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2013. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1538114.
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Since the 1980's, Europe has experienced a resurgence in the extreme right. In this paper, attention will be directed on the successes and failures of the extreme right in Spain, Portugal, and Italy. Additionally, this paper will analyze whether the current Eurozone crisis has benefitted the extreme right in these countries, as it has done in Greece. However, it will be argued that the benefits of the Eurozone crisis for the extreme right have been limited to increased media attention and less on electoral success. This is evidenced by the vast array of news articles contributing to the idea that the extreme right is strengthening in light of the Eurozone crisis; yet the extreme right has experienced limited electoral success in Spain and Portugal due to its inability to shed its fascist links, and the extreme right has had decreased electoral success in Italy's recent elections.
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Futado, Ana Margarida Leal. "Regional wage differentials and spatial disparities in Europe : evidence from Germany, Great Britain, Italy and Spain." Thesis, London School of Economics and Political Science (University of London), 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286397.
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Gonzalez, Goretti Teresa. "Translating Spanishness: Courtiers, Pícaros, and Gypsies at the Crossroads of Spain and Italy Ca 1528-1622." Thesis, Harvard University, 2016. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33493302.
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"Translating Spanishness: Courtiers, Pícaros, and Gypsies at the Crossroads of Spain and Italy ca 1528-1622” examines the role of printing and translation in the formation and transformation of early modern Spanish national identities and two of its principal literary forms: the early Comedia and the inchoate Picaresque. The Spanish cortegiano’s uniformed costuming is crucial to the construction of national identities, the shape shifting pícaro undermines projected national and class hierarchies, and the Gypsy, by definition, is always transforming and translating. Within this Spanishness, the texts examined suggest a steady progress from the vision of the Spanish cortegiano to the pícaro and the Gypsy. Each in its own way is a kind of “limit case,” a test case for the project of fashioning coherent national identities.Romance Languages and Literatures
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Wells, Naomi Amelia Stewart. "Language policy and politics : the central state and linguistic minorities in Spain and Italy, 1992-2010." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2013. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/5240/.
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Linguistic minorities are playing a crucial role in determining how states are reimagining themselves in more plural and inclusive ways. Pressure from both supranational and sub-state levels of government has meant that the repression of linguistic minorities by state institutions is no longer acceptable and even attitudes of neglect are widely condemned. However, while there has been a noticeable change in attitudes towards linguistic minorities in many European states, the specific role of the central state in relation to these groups remains ambiguous and merits further study. This thesis thus compares the language policies of the central states of Spain and Italy between 1992 and 2010, concerning two specific linguistic minorities in each country. These include Catalan-speakers in Catalonia and the German-speaking minority in Alto Adige/Südtirol, which have received considerable recognition and find themselves in a comparable situation within their respective states. In contrast, the Asturian- and Sardinian-speaking minorities have received the most minimal recognition at both the regional and state levels. Three sources of primary data were identified for the purposes of this study: official state documentation and legislation, elite interviews with political and institutional representatives, and state-wide newspapers. The research reveals the rationales, ideologies and motivations behind the actions of the central states of Spain and Italy in their approaches towards these distinct groups. New insight is provided by considering cases which have not previously been compared, as well as focusing on the typically hidden language policies of the state in contrast to the visible and widely studied policies implemented at the regional or provincial levels. This approach allows conclusions to be drawn on the extent to which both states may be moving away from the traditional monolingual nation-state model and provides recommendations for future approaches to linguistic minorities at the state and European levels.
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PINNA, SALVATORE. "The role of alternative food networks in agricultural landscape conservation: some evidences from Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/248720.
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Drawing on the vast literature about Alternative Food Networks (AFNs) and by utilizing the concepts of social, spatial and ecological embeddedness, this thesis studies the driving forces boosting the AFN farmers’ behaviours in the Community of Madrid and the AFN and conventional farmers in Sardinia, as well as the promotion of AFN practices within the rural parks of Rivas-Vaciamadrid (Spain) and Milan (Italy). The aim is to discover if, and to what extent, landscape and environmental protection goals are embedded in individual AFN and conventional practices, and how practices are promoted in spatial planning projects regarding alternative forms of production.
The case studies are based on the qualitative analysis of in-depth interviews: 13 producers in Spain and 25 in Sardinia (including organic and conventional ones), and on the analysis of websites promoting farms belonging to the Soto del Grillo agro-ecological Park in Rivas-Vaciamadrid (7 websites) and the Parco Agricolo Sud in Milan (14 websites).
Within the Grounded Theory (GT) framework, codification and saturation methods have been chosen to analyse texts and to determine the sample size. Sampling has been conducted by the non-statistic snowball sampling technique. Codification method allows deeply analysing textual contents and to build a theoretical model describing the case study, by disassembling texts into basic ideas and reassembling them in more general categories. The relationship among categories forms the final theory or model.
In the study, the behaviours of Spanish and Sardinian farmers are described through “embeddedness styles” characterised by the way in which categories interplay. In both the case studies, economy and ecology play a different balance within the behaviours, completed by other categories that influence farmers’ insights and practices. Every producer has been included just in one category according to her/his main preference, which does not imply the absence of a positive attitude towards other categories.
Websites contents have been analysed by drawing on geographical lores (or knowledges), which have been modified in order to adapt them to the case studies. Geographical lores allow classifying promotional material contents according to the concept of displacement, describing which type of information is used to influence purchasing decisions.
Finally, a questionnaire based on the values promoted by the two rural parks has been provided to seven of the 18 Sardinian farmers, in order to discover their attitude towards planning regulations and restrictions related to rural development, rural landscape preservation and environmental protection.
Results show how the three types of embeddedness (spatial, ecological and social) work in forming the farmers’ behaviours, and if and to what extent these are influenced by the territorial context where farmers live and work, as for example in the case of the Soto del Grillo Park in the Spanish case. Geographical lores from the websites stress the way of promoting the farms and the agricultural activities, indicating which values are considered more useful to influence consumers’ decisions.
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Mauceri, Manuela. "Journey through fields of ageing perceptions, experiences and representations in different environmental contexts, in Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10761/1504.
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Today more than ever, ageing represents not only a demographic challenge, but also a psycho-social one. In fact, conscious of the quantitative substance of phenomenon it is more than important how to add quality to a much longer present life than in the past. Hence, issue should be coped with in terms of subjective well-being and life environment as well.
We conducted two researches. In the first one, we aimed at deepening ageing from the elderly people s point of view; firstly, we conducted a study involving 220 elderly people who lived in Sicily (Italy); secondly, we replicated the same study in a different context, involving 120 elderly people who lived in Extremadura (Spain).
In the second research, we were interested in exploring ageing and elderly from younger people s point of view. Also in this case, primarily we conducted a study involving university students who lived in Sicily and then, the same study was replicated involving university students who lived in Extremadura.
Taken together, researches showed that a general social context that welcomes seniors may result in individuals who live their age better and this would be true also for the elderly. In other words, a favorable life environment, both in objective and subjective and inter-subjective terms may result in elderly individuals having a better self-perception.
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CUSTODI, Jacopo. "The Nation and the Radical Left : radical left parties and national identity in Portugal, Spain and Italy." Doctoral thesis, Scuola Normale Superiore, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11384/125083.
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This Ph.D. dissertation inquires into an often-neglected dimension of radical left politics: the relation with national identity. Although the scholarly literature on party politics has mostly overlooked this relation, it is a relevant aspect of radical left parties’ identity and concrete politics. It is an issue for which there is a puzzling heterogeneity of outlooks within the ranks of the radical Left. Many European radical left parties tend to simply downplay national identity in their political discourse; but others openly reject it; and still others fiercely embrace it. The aim of the research is thus twofold: (a) to study how radical left parties frame and express national identity in their discourse; and (b) to examine the reasons that lie behind the high variation of stances held by ideologically similar actors.
This thesis first presents a historical and theoretical overview of the relation between leftist and nationalist politics; then, in order to answer the two research questions, it centres the empirical focus on contemporary radical left parties in Spain, Italy and Portugal. The research brings together nationalism studies and the party politics scholarship on the radical Left; and it draws from an interpretive approach to comparative political science. At the methodological level, this study is based on a triangulation of three different methods of data gathering and analysis: semi-structured interviews, discourse-theoretical analysis and participant observation. As the findings indicate, the relation of the radical Left with national identity is complex and multifaceted, and the heterogeneity of outlooks is related to contextual factors, from historical conditions to political conjunctures, but also depends on the agency of parties. In fact, the stances of radical left parties on national identity intersect with other relevant aspects of their politics, such as their ideological positioning, their strategic reflections and their interaction with the political arena they operate in. Furthermore, national identity is more than something either present or absent in the discourse of a given radical left actor: it can mean different things and its presence in the discourses and practices of radical left politics may assume very different forms. Accordingly, the relation with the nation is an important dimension that should not be dismissed when studying radical left parties. It is a shortcoming in the academic literature that this thesis covers, adding to the studies on the radical Left a thorough empirical analysis of this often-omitted, but by no means irrelevant, dimension.
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MAUCERI, MANUELA. "Journey through fields of ageing perceptions, experiences and representations in different environmental contexts, in Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Catania, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11769/490842.
Full textAbstract:
Today more than ever, ageing represents not only a demographic challenge, but also a psycho-social one. In fact, conscious of the quantitative substance of phenomenon it is more than important how to add quality to a much longer present life than in the past. Hence, issue should be coped with in terms of subjective well-being and life environment as well. We conducted two researches. In the first one, we aimed at deepening ageing from the elderly people s point of view; firstly, we conducted a study involving 220 elderly people who lived in Sicily (Italy); secondly, we replicated the same study in a different context, involving 120 elderly people who lived in Extremadura (Spain). In the second research, we were interested in exploring ageing and elderly from younger people s point of view. Also in this case, primarily we conducted a study involving university students who lived in Sicily and then, the same study was replicated involving university students who lived in Extremadura. Taken together, researches showed that a general social context that welcomes seniors may result in individuals who live their age better and this would be true also for the elderly. In other words, a favorable life environment, both in objective and subjective and inter-subjective terms may result in elderly individuals having a better self-perception.
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Yapo, Stefania. "(Dual) Citizenship in the Mirror. The everyday understanding of citizenship among Peruvian migrants in Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252819.
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This research investigates why people acquire dual citizenship. It focuses on the acquisition of dual citizenship through residency, with a processual lens and under conditions of “ordinariness” to tackle aspects that are usually overlooked. It builds on the differentiated access to dual citizenship granted to Peruvian migrants by the Italian and Spanish citizenship regimes. The 79 Peruvian migrants included in the study are either prospective dual citizens or actual dual citizens. The research builds on qualitative methods ranging from participant observation to in-depth semi-structured interviews. It investigates the motivations, expectations and contingences that bring migrants to the status acquisition. The analysis distinguishes between early and postponed acquisitions to highlight how practices of convenience and everyday forms of substantive commitment can coexist under the same national umbrella. Moreover it suggests that the availability and accessibility of the dual status cannot be conflated with a supposed desirability. Although nation-states design their citizenship and immigration regimes according to normative stances that should shape their ideal citizenry, individuals qua migrants manage to forge their own way into the host community while formally abiding the law. Thus, migrants’ pathways across statuses are the result of structural constraints as much as personal preferences and deliberate positioning vis-à-vis nation-states. The study shows how people navigate the laws through both legal and semi-legal means; how they cultivate constellations of belonging that do not necessarily match formal memberships; and how they invest citizenship with multiple meanings that can converge, collide, or simply bypass the state-led rhetoric on national membership.
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Yapo, Stefania. "(Dual) Citizenship in the Mirror. The everyday understanding of citizenship among Peruvian migrants in Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11572/252819.
Full textAbstract:
This research investigates why people acquire dual citizenship. It focuses on the acquisition of dual citizenship through residency, with a processual lens and under conditions of “ordinariness” to tackle aspects that are usually overlooked. It builds on the differentiated access to dual citizenship granted to Peruvian migrants by the Italian and Spanish citizenship regimes. The 79 Peruvian migrants included in the study are either prospective dual citizens or actual dual citizens. The research builds on qualitative methods ranging from participant observation to in-depth semi-structured interviews. It investigates the motivations, expectations and contingences that bring migrants to the status acquisition. The analysis distinguishes between early and postponed acquisitions to highlight how practices of convenience and everyday forms of substantive commitment can coexist under the same national umbrella. Moreover it suggests that the availability and accessibility of the dual status cannot be conflated with a supposed desirability. Although nation-states design their citizenship and immigration regimes according to normative stances that should shape their ideal citizenry, individuals qua migrants manage to forge their own way into the host community while formally abiding the law. Thus, migrants’ pathways across statuses are the result of structural constraints as much as personal preferences and deliberate positioning vis-à-vis nation-states. The study shows how people navigate the laws through both legal and semi-legal means; how they cultivate constellations of belonging that do not necessarily match formal memberships; and how they invest citizenship with multiple meanings that can converge, collide, or simply bypass the state-led rhetoric on national membership.
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Russ, Hannah. "A taphonomic approach to reconstructing Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer fishing strategies : a load of old trout!" Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5528.
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In many cases in the past fish bones recovered during archaeological excavations at Upper Palaeolithic sites were often assumed to result from human activity without any consideration for alternate accumulation processes. Many of these assemblages had not been analysed in a scientifically rigorous manner, with some receiving no consideration at all. A review of current evidence and results of new analyses indicate that salmonids (salmon and trout) are the most frequently recorded fish at the European Palaeolithic cave sites. Two potential accumulation agents for fish remains were explored: brown bears (Ursus arctos) and eagle owls (Bubo bubo). Controlled feeding experiments integrated with ecological studies indicate that salmonid remains survive the digestive systems of both species and result in distinctive patterning in assemblage characteristics. Post-depositional taphonomic processes, such as trampling, also produce distinct taphonomic signatures and are an agent of differential inter-species preservation. A thorough consideration of depositional and post-depositional processes of archaeological assemblages in central Italy (Grotta di Pozzo, Maritza, La Punta and Ortucchio) and Spain (El Juyo, Altamira, Salitre, Castillo and Rascaño) shows that the fish remains from these sites result from human activity. The overrepresentation of cranial elements at the Italian sites suggest that fish were processed by removing the head to perhaps smoke or dry before transportation to other locations for consumption. This research lead to improved methods of analysis, and thus enhanced understanding of the role of fishing and fish consumption in Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherer societies.
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Passetti, Francesco. "Keeping policy and politics apart: integration policies in Europe and the politics of citizenship in Spain and Italy." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/587162.
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This thesis investigates immigrant integration policies paying special attention to the Spanish and Italian citizenship regimes. It hinges upon a multi-method design and its results take the shape of a three-article structure. The first article addresses similarities and differences among European countries’ integration policies and, by means of cluster analysis on MIPEX data, it identifies policy-models characterizing the current European scenario. Two shared-configurations are captured, cutting across the East/West cleavage. The Eastern configuration is more restrictive than the Western one, especially in traditional areas of integration. The second and third articles concentrate on the domain of citizenship and try to account for the puzzling continuity of nationality laws in Spain and in Italy by relying on the explanatory power of ideas. The Spanish case is treated in the second article whereas the third article compares such case to the Italian one. In both countries ideas prove to be crucial in driving the evolution of nationality laws; however according to distinct causal logic.La presente tesis investiga las políticas de integración de los inmigrantes prestando especial atención a los regímenes de nacionalidad españolo e italiano; sigue un diseño de investigación “multhi-method” y sus resultados se estructuran en tres artículos. El primer artículo aborda similitudes y diferencias entre las políticas de integración de los países europeos y, mediante un cluster análisis con datos MIPEX, identifica los modelos de policy que marcan el escenario europeo actual. Dos macro-configuraciones son identificadas, a través de la división este/oeste. La configuración del este es más restrictiva de la del oeste, especialmente en las tradicionales áreas de integración. Los artículos segundo y tercero se centran en el área de la ciudadanía y tratan de dar cuenta de la enigmática continuidad de las leyes de nacionalidad en España y en Italia, confiando en el poder explicativo de las ideas. El segundo artículo trata el caso español, el tercero compara éste con el caso italiano. En ambos países los factores “ideacionales” se demuestran cruciales en influenciar la evolución de las leyes de nacionalidad; sin embargo, según distintas lógicas causales.
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Nardini, Krizia. "Uneven routes of mobilizing "as Men": reconfiguring masculinities among anti-sexist groups of men in Italy and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Oberta de Catalunya, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/667110.
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Partint d'estudis acadèmics de gènere i recerques qualitatives, feministes i etnogràfiques anteriors, aquesta tesi adopta un enfocament socioantropològic alhora que explora una sèrie de reflexions crítiques i creatives sobre les pràctiques i les relacions de gènere derivades del comportament antisexista que adopten avui alguns homes a Itàlia i Espanya. A més, s'ha d'entendre en un context de crisi econòmica neoliberal i de la societat de la informació. Empíricament, el nostre objectiu és analitzar de manera contextualitzada la manera com les pràctiques dels homes es poden reconfigurar materialment i discursivament cap a un canvi positiu. D'altra banda, en l'àmbit teòric, els nostres objectius són tres: en primer lloc, entendre i establir relacions genealògiques entre grups d'homes i les tradicions feministes amb les quals es relacionen; en segon lloc, investigar les vies de la seva política de masculinitat orientada al feminisme, i, en tercer lloc, oferir material aclaridor i contribuir, així, als debats políticament i acadèmicament rellevants en contextos de transformació de les relacions de gènere.Partiendo de estudios académicos de género e investigaciones cualitativas, feministas y etnográficas anteriores, esta tesis adopta un enfoque socioantropológico a la vez que explora una serie de reflexiones críticas y creativas sobre las prácticas y las relaciones de género derivadas del comportamiento antisexista que adoptan hoy algunos hombres en Italia y España. Debe, además, entenderse en un contexto de crisis económica neoliberal y de la sociedad de la información. Empíricamente, nuestro objetivo es analizar de manera contextualizada la manera como las prácticas de los hombres se pueden reconfigurar materialmente y discursivamente hacia un cambio positivo. Por otro lado, en el ámbito teórico, nuestros objetivos son tres: en primer lugar, entender y establecer relaciones genealógicas entre grupos de hombres y las tradiciones feministas con las que se relacionan; en segundo lugar, investigar las vías de su política de masculinidad orientada al feminismo, y, en tercer lugar, ofrecer material aclaratorio y contribuir, así, a los debates políticamente y académicamente relevantes en contextos de transformación de las relaciones de género.
With previous academic gender studies and qualitative, feminist, ethnographical research laying its foundation, this thesis takes on a socio-anthropological approach while exploring a number of critical-creative elaborations on practices and gender relations resulting from contemporary, anti-sexist men¿s engagements in Italy and Spain. Moreover, it must be understood within a context of neoliberal economic crises and the information society. Empirically speaking, we aim to take a contextualized look at how men¿s practices can be materially and discursively reconfigured towards positive change. Meanwhile, on a theoretical level, our objectives are threefold: firstly, to understand and draw genealogical relations between groups of men and the feminist traditions they relate to; secondly, to investigate the pathways of their feminist-oriented masculinity politics; and, thirdly, to offer insightful contributions to politically and academically relevant debates in gender-transformative contexts.
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Turk, Mustafa. "Substituting Natural Gas with Solar Energy in Industrial Heating Applications : A Multiple Case Study within Italy and Spain." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Industriell teknik, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-447350.
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With the increasing awareness of global warming and the need for limiting greenhouse gas emissions, several sectors are witnessing comprehensive transformations towards sustainable generation and consumption. The European Union can be considered the home for most of these transformations given the union’s efforts to enable decarbonization through regulatory frameworks and initiatives. However, one overlooked source of carbon emissions is the industrial heating sector which is heavily dependent on fossil fuel. Emerging technologies such as solar thermal could provide a solution for limiting the greenhouse gases emitted by this sector. This study examines the factors influencing the diffusion of solar thermal technology and its potential for substituting natural gas in the industrial heating sector. Specifically, the study examines the thermal energy supply side as being a potential facilitator for the diffusion of solar thermal technology. Certain elements from Everett Rogers’ (1995) work on the diffusion of innovations are applied to solar thermal technology along with the concept of lead users by Hippel (1986). The study follows a qualitative approach in collecting and analyzing data through interviews and document analysis. Experts from the energy sector were interviewed along with examining public documents of two major utility companies. The findings suggest that utility companies examined, despite their evident decarbonization efforts, do not represent a suitable vehicle for the diffusion of solar thermal technology. Instead, a business model based on energy efficiency could be the possible breakthrough for this technology. Finally, the study concludes with suggestions for possible actions to expedite the diffusion of solar thermal in the industrial sector.
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SANCHEZ, CAMACHO Alberto. "'Up and down' : Genoese financiers and their relational capital in the early reign of Philip II." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2021. https://hdl.handle.net/1814/69995.
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Defence date: 26 January 2021Examining board: Professor Regina Grafe (European University Institute); Professor Luca Molà (University of Warwick); Professor Carmen Sanz Ayán (Universidad Complutense de Madrid); Professor Manuel Herrero Sánchez (Universidad Pablo de Olavide)
This doctoral thesis analyses the process of state construction in the early modern period from a joint perspective that amalgamates the agencies of state officials, lending communities, and local elites in the Hispanic Monarchy during the four initial years of Philip II’s reign. The project examines the convergence of private agendas inside and outside the royal administration, which were channelled by the Genoese lending community to overcome the consolidation of royal short-term debt in 1557 and its consequences. The application of an institutional approach, based on the works of Avner Greif, to the analysis of the social organisations that prevented a failure of coordination in the Hispanic Monarchy offers a fresh perspective on a topic normally assessed under predatory models. The specific study of two Genoese lenders who contributed to the establishment of a more viable and efficient financial system in the monarchy, Costantin Gentil and Nicolao de Grimaldo, provides details about how interregional transactions and local economies contributed to the consolidation of the early modern state.
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Salvador, Lopez Gerard. "Strategies for the South European energy sector for the next 40 years." Thesis, KTH, Energisystemanalys, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147362.
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This paper discusses the development of an energy systems model for the southern countries of Europe. More precisely, for three main actors of the South of the European Union: Spain, Italy and Portugal. The three of them are currently facing economic difficulties due to the world financial crisis. To satisfy their energy demand at the less cost-effective price and following the EU policies in terms of greenhouse emissions requires a deep analysis of the current situation and an accurate forecast for the upcoming years. There are several EU (EU 20/20/20, treaty of Lisbon and EU ETS) and UN (Kyoto Protocol) policies that are taken into account in the model to build the most realistic scenarios that can happen in the three countries in the following years. This paper is based on the electricity consumption coming from the residential, industrial and commercial sectors. The model is developed in the open source program OSINDA (OSeMOSYS with INterface and DAtabase). It considers different possible scenarios for the three countries from 2010 to 2050 and asses the paths to follow in terms of infrastructure investments for the upcoming years. The baseline scenario takes into account the current taxes in CO2 emissions, the current capital, fixed and variable costs and the prices of the imports of fossil fuels. Then, there are plausible futures that analyze different possible scenarios (with the normal uncertainty of the future). The source code and modelling data is publicly available under the intellectual protection of Creative Commons®.
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Sánchez, Serra Daniel. "Determinants of the concentration of creative industries in Europe: a comparison between Spain, Italy, France, United Kingdom and Portugal." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/377431.
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La tesis analiza los determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas utilizando microdatos de empresas. Se utiliza un modelo adaptado para distinguir el efecto de las fuerzas económicas generales y de las fuerzas específicas creativas sobre la localización de las industrias creativas. El modelo se aplica a los sistemas locales de trabajo de cinco países europeos: Francia, Italia, Portugal, España y Reino Unido. Los resultados revelan que las economías externas tradicionales (economías de localización y de urbanización) afectan a la localización de las industrias creativas y se complementan con fuerzas específicas creativas. Además, se observan diferencias a nivel nacional y supra-nacional con relación a los principales determinantes de la localización de las industrias creativas. El estudio constituye así pues una base empírica para el diseño de políticas destinadas a estimular la capacidad de los territorios para atraer la creatividad y la innovación, según los objetivos definidos por la Comisión Europea.This thesis examines the determinants of localisation of creative industries by using plant-level microdata. The thesis proposes a model tailored to differentiate the effect of general-economic and specific-creative forces on the localisation of creative industries. The model is applied to the local labour systems of five European countries, namely, France, Italy, Portugal, Spain and the United Kingdom. On the one hand, the results show that traditional external economies (localisation and urbanisation externalities) affect the location of creative industries, complemented by the effect of specific creative forces. On the other hand, differences are observed at the national level and at the supra-national level with regard to the main drivers fostering the localisation of creative industries. The results offer a novel insight into the determinants of location of creative industries. The work provides thus some empirical basis for the design of policies that may boost the capacity of territories for creativity and innovation, in line with the objectives set out by the European Commission.
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Ferguson, Craig Alan. "Comparative approach to ethnic identity and urban settlement : Visigothic Spain, Lombard Italy and Merovingian Francia, c.565-774 AD." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/6431.
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The traditional social and political divisions between the Late Roman and ‘Barbarian’ inhabitants of the post-Roman successor states has in the last few decades been challenged from several new angles. In this thesis, a comparative approach to the question of post-migration period urban settlement is constructed, taking into account recent scholarly research and developments. Following a short introduction broad issues such as terminology, ethnicity, historiography, cultural exchanges, and archaeological evidence are examined in the first two chapters of this work. After this the case studies of Visigothic Spain, Lombard Italy, and Merovingian Francia are presented in three respective chapters. Having looked at some of the specific details for these regions and how they illustrate some of the underlying concepts, trends, or variations in urban administration, the sixth chapter of this thesis presents the comparative approach itself. The main goal of the approach is to alter the ways in which historians perceive the processes of ethnic interactions and identity formation taking place from the mid-sixth to eighth centuries AD, and consists of six main points based upon both the earlier broader chapters, but also incorporates the specific details from the case studies as well. Ultimately it states that while each of the newly established aristocracies inherited a largely fragmentary and localized region following the collapse of the Western Roman Empire in the fifth century, the administrative structures and means of interaction with the Roman populace varied widely in each of the three case studies. The greatest variations were detected in how each group administered non-capital cities within their respective region, particularly the degrees to which they altered the Late Roman urban framework. This work advocates the importance of focusing on ‘the new elite and interactions with different types of cities’, rather than the traditional approach of studying their impact upon cities as a general and broad term.
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Cousido, Cores Carlos, and Cores Carlos Cousido. "Empirical Evidence of Factors Affecting Fine Wine Prices Using Hedonic Price Model The Case of Spain, France and Italy." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/624136.
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This study focuses on a hedonic wine price analysis in three different countries: Spain, France and Italy due to their relevant economic and production impact on the wine sector. After the analysis of empirical evidence, we decided to consider extra factors that have not yet been contemplated by the literature and that might impact the overall price of wine such as the source of the data, the consumers’ wine rate and the food that might have a good blend with a particular wine style.
To perform a statistical analysis, the data was collected from Wine-Searcher.com using the free version and the model used in this research considers the variables "experts and consumers rating", "wine vintage", "origin and appellation", "color", "grape/blend" and "food suggestion".
Results showed that the factors origin, appellation, grape/blend, color and experts' opinion are important features for price determination. In France and in Italy, consumers online review also play a role affecting wine prices. Another important result is the positive effect of wine bottle prices when purchased to be paired with certain food.
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Carrera, Leandro Nicolas. "The Politics of Pension Reform in a Comparative Perspective: A Cross-Regional Analysis of Argentina, Uruguay, Spain and Italy." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/195394.
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What factors explain pension reform decisions in countries with generous public pension systems and an ageing population? To answer this question I analyze four countries with some similar characteristics: (1) a well expanded and fragmented public pension system that follows the traditional Bismarckian structure of different funds for specific occupational categories; (2) a public pension system with high degrees of coverage and based on the pay-as-you-go (PAYG) principle in which current workers pay for current retirees; (3) increasing public pension spending levels that towards the 1990s made the public pension system unsustainable. The four selected countries differ along one significant dimension. Two of them are newly industrialized countries and in Latin America: Argentina and Uruguay. The other two countries are industrialized economies of the European Union: Italy and Spain.I hypothesize that while international and domestic factors matter in explaining pension reform, the former will play an indirect role by stressing the need to make the pension system more sustainable to put public finances in order. Thus, I contend that domestic economic and political factors will determine the reform outcome.I find support for my theory in the analysis of the four countries. International and supranational organizations played a role in supporting policymakers' reform efforts and highlighting the necessity to reduce pension liabilities in the long run to put public finances in order. However, these organizations did not determine the reform outcome. Instead, I find that domestic economic and political factors explain the final reform decision. On the economic side, the maturity of the pension system - represented by the magnitude of pension promises to future retirees - and the state of public finances, determined policymakers' first choice for reform; which ranged from proposals to change the parameters of the public pillar to that pillar's structural reform together with the introduction of a private pillar of individual accounts. Once this choice was made, the reform was negotiated with those with a special interest in the pension system: pensioners and labor. Thus, these actors' organizational strength and preferences explains the type of specific pension reform finally adopted in each country.
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Natili, M. M. "THE POLITICS OF MINIMUM INCOME PROTECTION EXPLAINING THE POLICY TRAJECTORIES OF REGIONAL MINIMUM INCOME SCHEMES IN ITALY AND SPAIN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/367620.
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When and why do politicians introduce minimum income reforms? Traditionally, this policy sector has been considered less invested by partisan politics dynamics, in reason of low political resources of would be beneficiaries and low weight on overall welfare budget. Conversely, this work argues that the non-contentiousness of this policy field is result of specific social and political actor preferences and strategies. The emergence of social groups opposing targeted benefits and/or the political activation of additional cleavages – and in particular the religious and the territorial ones – might make this policy field particularly contentious, and partisan dynamics more relevant. Empirically, this dissertation focuses on two countries known for long time for the weak development of social assistance within their social policy system, and the absence of a minimum income scheme: Italy and Spain. In both countries, at the subnational level have been recently introduced last resort safety nets, departing from their traditional model: why is it so? And why those programs rapidly diffused and gradually consolidated in Spain, while in Italy they constituted very often a very brief experience followed by policy reversal and the return to the traditional model?
Through an in-depth reconstruction of the policy-making process in four regional cases – Castile and Léon and the Community of Madrid in Spain, Friuli Venezia Giulia and Lazio in Italy – this thesis argues that political exchange dynamics between powerful social groups, in particular trade unions and faith-based organizations, and political parties are crucial to have path departure, gradual institutionalization and/or policy reversal. More specifically it is argued that the strategic choices of social groups - the socio-political demand – and the key features of the party system – the supply – were conducive to different political exchange dynamics, which are ultimately responsible for the different policy trajectories of regional minimum income schemes in Italy and Spain. In Spain trade unions and faith-based organizations support for Mis (strong demand) under moderate pluralism led to gradual institutionalization, while in Italy, a weak demand coupled with the activation of the religious cleavage made this policy field contentious, with centre left coalitions introducing (often) those programs, and centre-right government displacing them.
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BOZINIS, ANDIÑACH Maria. "Balancing family and work in Greece, Italy and Spain : a study of the experiences in teachers and doctors careers." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/6993.
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Defence date: 2 February 2007Examining Board: Professor Jaime Reis; Professor Michael Anderson; Professor Maria Karamessini; Professor Martin Kohli
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
In this study I explore the low participation rates of southern women in paid work during the 1970s, 1980s, 1990s through the phenomenon of work-family conflict in an 'unconventional' way.
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Adams, Suzanne Russo. "Coexistence and Conflict: Popular Catholicism, the Council of Trent and the Life Cycle in Carini, Palermo, Italy." Diss., CLICK HERE for online access, 2008. http://contentdm.lib.byu.edu/ETD/image/etd2703.pdf.
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Santoro, Josmary <1985>. ""I loved well to see plays": Women on and off stage in sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, Italy, and Spain." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9119/1/Santoro_Josmary_Tesi.pdf.
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This work investigates women’s role as patron-spectators in the theatre of sixteenth- and seventeenth-century England, Italy, and Spain. The aim of such an excursion into the little researched theme of early modern women’s theatregoing is to prove that, even though women, according to traditional periodization, cannot be said to have had a Renaissance, the theatrical event, be it the popular phenomenon that took place in the English and the Spanish public playhouses, or the exclusive happening patronised by the Italian aristocrats, allowed women to temporarily shake off the cultural and social shackles imposed on their sex.
Women’s presence at the theatre has been demonstrated by making reference to three types of contemporary commentary: the anti-theatrical polemic; women’s ego documents; various plays’ prologues and epilogues.
It was found that by letting them infringe their homeboundness in order to attend the theatre, and watch the enactment of plays that some feared might change their worldview and encourage them to re-act, the sixteenth- and seventeenth-century drama gave women the opportunity to experience autonomy, agency, and empowerment.
The analysis of three plays from the period at hand – William Shakespeare’s The Two Gentlemen of Verona; Alessandro Piccolomini’s L’Alessandro; Guillén de Castro’s La fuerza de la costumbre – is meant to show a woman’s character gradual shift from a situation in which she acts as an object of exchange between men, to a situation where that position is called into question by the expression of a non-normative desire, to, finally, the representation of a subjectivity that deconstructs all the conventions and convictions concerning women.
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Gonzalez, Del Valle Almudena. "The implementation of the 1989 Television Without Frontiers Directive : television advertising and sponsorship in France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1998. https://westminsterresearch.westminster.ac.uk/item/946z2/the-implementation-of-the-1989-television-without-frontiers-directive-television-advertising-and-sponsorship-in-france-germany-italy-spain-and-the-uk.
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A comparative analysis of the manner in which France, Germany, Italy, Spain and the UK have implemented the provisions in 1989 Television Without Frontiers Directive for television advertising and sponsorship shows that there are obstacles for the development of a Single European Market in television advertising. Although 1989 Television Without Frontiers Directive allowed transfrontier television advertising, the regulation of television advertising remains nationally based. Furthen-nore, Member States have different levels of advertising expenditure, selling practices and television market structures. There is a tension between the provisions for television advertising and sponsorship in the Council of Europe Convention on Transfrontier Television and those in the Television Without Frontiers Directive. Member States have indicated their commitment to one text over the other in the detailed choices for their national rules. The European Court of Justice resolved some of the contradictions and ambiguities in the 1989 Television Without Frontiers Directive, and these have been reflected in the revised 1997 text. But there is still an ambiguity so as to what level of sponsor presence is adequate to ensure both transparency, and the protection of a broadcaster's editorial independence. Rules about the frequency and quantity of advertising differ between the five countries and four of them set different competitive requirements according to the type of broadcaster. There are marked differences in the rules about advertising breaks in feature films and other audiovisual works. National rules on sponsorship also vary, especially those on centre credits and the promotional mentions of the sponsor within the programme. So do the detailed provisions. National regulators decide when and what type of commercial presence constitutes surreptitious advertising. In some countries, it is only payment that renders product placement illegal, whereas in others the product has to be editorially justified and not given undue prominence. Direct offers to the public have proved to be a grey area in Member States where their economic value was high. Teleshopping is likely to become a significant source of programming, especially if Member States effectively expand their limits on airtime as allowed in the 1997 text. Although some differences have been resolved in the 1997 revision of the Television Without Frontiers Directive, there are still difficulties in establishing an effective level playing field for European television advertising.
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Frantescu, Adina L. "COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE EOCENE FOSSIL DECAPOD CRUSTACEANS OF THE NORTH AMERICAN ATLANTIC COAST AND EUROPEAN TETHYAN PROVINCES." Kent State University / OhioLINK, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=kent1368632359.
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PAGOTTO, TANIA. "Un accomodamento sostenibile: l'interruzione di gravidanza in Italia, Spagna e Messico." Doctoral thesis, Università Ca' Foscari, Venezia, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10281/397182.
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The doctoral thesis deepens, through comparative law, the topic of conscientious objection to interruption of pregnancy in Italy, Spain and Mexico (Mexico City). The legal theoretical framework lies at the crossroad between the need to maintain pluralism and
conscientious objection and the need to guarantee access to a public service. The dissertation is divided into three main sections. The first section provides definitions and contextualizes freedom of conscience and conscientious objection within the constitutional traditions and the regional systems of protection of human rights (the European Court of Human Rights and the Inter-American Court of Human Rights). The second section faces conscientious objections in the field of interruption of pregnancy, describing the evolution of national laws, the jurisprudence and the most recent reforms.
Therefore, it identifies the main problems related to the application of these laws, trying to explain the reasons of the social resistance and the still controversial nature. The third and last part describes the fragilities of the current accommodation system and proposes
some corrections, in order to build a sustainable model of conscientious objection.
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BORRACCINO, GIULIA. "SOCIAL WORKER UNIONISM. PATTERNS OF SOCIAL WORKERS REPRESENTATION IN A CONTEXT OF TRADE UNIONS' LEGITIMATION CRISIS: A COMPARISON BETWEEN ITALY AND SPAIN." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/574728.
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Il presente studio si pone l’obiettivo di investigare sulle relazioni tra sindacati e gruppi auto organizzati di lavoratori in un contesto di crisi della rappresentanza sindacale tradizionale, guardando ad un settore peculiare: i servizi sociali esternalizzati. La ricerca verte in particolare sul ruolo dei movimenti sociali nella revitalizzazione del sindacalismo nell’Europa meridionale, dove i sindacati tradizionali hanno goduto di relazioni privilegiate con le istituzioni, entrate in declino con l’avvento della crisi economica. Per questo motivo, si guarderà in particolare a due organizzazioni con un percorso di sviluppo istituzionale simile, ma una diversa traiettoria in termini di movimento del lavoro durante la crisi: Comisiones Obreras in Spagna e Confederazione Generale Italiana del Lavoro in Italia. Infatti, a differenza dell’Italia, i sindacati spagnoli si sono imbattuti in un’ondata di movimenti sociali altamente critici nei loro confronti. Le principali domande di ricerca sono: 1) che fattori influenzano le relazioni tra sindacati e gruppi auto organizzati di lavoratori e 2) se un’ondata di movimenti sociali a livello nazionale influenza il modo in cui i vari attori del movimento del lavoro interagiscono a livello locale.This research wants to investigate on the relationship between trade unions and self-organized group of workers in the context of the trade unions’ crisis of representation in a specific and peculiar sector: the outsourced social services. One wants to look at the role of social movements in revitalizing trade unions in Southern Europe. It is especially there that unions used to rely on privileged relationship with the institutions, which had been declining during the last economic crisis. For this reason, the article will focus on two organizations with a similar path of institutional development, but with different labour movement trajectory during the crisis: CCOO in Spain and CGIL in Italy. In fact, Spanish trade unions had to relate with a wave of movement highly critic against them, while it did not occur in Italy. The main research questions are 1) which are the main factors influencing the relationship between trade unions and self-organized workers and 2) whether the occurrence of a social movement wave of contentions at national level do influence the way the various actors interact at local level.
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Sandhu, Sumaer. "What are the Determinants of Length of a Football Manager’s Reign Before His Sacking Within the Top Clubs of England, Spain and Italy?" Scholarship @ Claremont, 2016. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/1351.
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This paper looks at the determinants of length of a football manager’s reign before his sacking within the top clubs of England, Spain and Italy. I looked at five clubs in England, two in Spain and three in Italy. The dependent variable was the number of games a manager was in charge before his sacking and there were 10 independent variables. Out of these, the number of trophies won and transfer spending were significant at the 1% level and had a positive coefficient while being a manager in Spain was significant at the 10% level and had a negative coefficient. Lastly this paper tries to draw comparisons from these findings to CEO firings and finds that expectations of performance by the board of governors and meeting those standards could prove to be crucial for CEO’s to keep their job.
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Carrión, Carmona Miguel Ángel. "The effects of the structure on the mechanical behaviour of young Holocene alluvial materials from the Bormida River (Italy) and Turia River (Spain)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/63470.
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[EN] The understanding of the mechanical behaviour of natural intact soils is central to engineers when designing new structures. The research carried in this thesis focused on investigating the effects of the naturally occurring in-situ structure on the mechanical behaviour of two shallow recently deposited Holocene alluvial materials, the Bormida River silts (BRS) from Italy and the Valencia silty soils (VSS) from the alluvial plains of the Turia River, Spain. These types of deposits are frequently characterised by highly heterogeneous in-situ structures.
A large range of soils with different size distributions from sands to silty clays were investigated. Oedometer and triaxial tests were carried out on intact, slurry and compacted samples. The first step was to characterise the behaviour of the materials at their reconstituted state to define the reference framework for investigating the effect of the in-situ structure of the intact specimens. The effects of the sample preparation technique on the mechanical behaviour were examined, in particular its influence on the uniqueness of the normal compression line and critical state line. The initial structure created during the preparation of the specimens was totally removed after compression and shearing regardless of the sample preparation method. Only one soil displayed a clear effect of the sample preparation technique, the oedometer compression lines of which remained parallel to each other even at a very high stress levels for the case of the slurry samples. This result showed that contrary to what is stated in the literature the sample preparation technique can created very robust initial structures resulting in a transitional behaviour.
Clears effects of the in-situ structure of the intact samples of the BRS and VSS were observed on the oedometer compression behaviour even at very high stress levels with stress sensitivity values still larger than unity at the end of the tests. It appeared that the effects were more noticeable as the degree of heterogeneity inside the specimens increased at a meso-structure level as it was the case of some samples of the VSS materials which exhibited a certain layering. Small effects of the in-situ structure were seen at large shearing strains and only on the wet side of the critical state.[ES] El conocimiento del comportamiento mecánico de los suelos en su estado natural es de importancia capital para los ingenieros a la hora de diseñar nuevas obras. La investigación desarrollada en esta Tesis se centra en descubrir los efectos que tiene la estructura del suelo en su estado natural en la respuesta mecánica de dos suelos aluviales holocenos, depositados superficialmente: los limos del río Bormida (BRS) en Italia y los suelos limosos provenientes de la llanura aluvial del río Turia (VSS) en España. Este tipo de suelos se caracterizan frecuentemente por una estructura inicial altamente heterogénea. Se ha ensayado una gran variedad de muestras con diferentes granulometrías, desde arenas a arcillas limosas en las que se han realizado ensayos edométricos y triaxiales en muestras intactas, compactadas y en muestras reconstituidas (slurry). En una primera etapa de la investigación se caracterizó la respuesta del material en su estado reconstituido para definir un marco de referencia con el que poder comparar la respuesta de las muestras intactas tomadas in situ y que preservan su estructura natural (inalteradas). Se ha analizado la influencia del modo de preparación de las muestras en su comportamiento mecánico, y, en particular, en la unicidad de las curvas de compresión noval y de estado critico. Se ha comprobado que la estructura inicial inducida durante el proceso de preparación desaparece completamente tras someter la muestra a compresión y corte, independientemente del método de preparación utilizado. Únicamente un suelo mostró, de un modo nítido, el efecto de la técnica de preparación, de modo que las líneas de compresión edométrica se mantuvieron paralelas incluso a niveles de tensión elevados en el caso de muestras reconstituidas (slurry). Este resultado demostró, contrariamente a la opinión aceptada en la bibliografía, que el sistema de preparación de la muestra puede crear una potente estructura inicial dando lugar a un comportamiento de tipo transicional. En los ensayos de compresión edométrica se ha podido comprobar un claro efecto positivo de la estructura inicial de las muestras intactas, incluso a niveles altos de tensión, observándose índices de sensitividad tensional superiores a uno al final de los ensayos, de modo que para igualdad de índice de huecos, la tensión efectiva vertical de la muestra intacta es superior a la correspondiente en la muestra reconstituida. Aparentemente, este efecto es tanto más significativo cuanto mayor es el grado de heterogeneidad interno de la muestra a nivel de meso-estructura, como se pudo observar en algunas muestras de los suelos (VSS) que presentaban niveles de laminación horizontal. En los ensayos de corte la influencia de la estructura intacta fue relativamente pequeña y únicamente en el lado húmedo del estado critico.
[CAT] Conèixer el comportament mecànic dels sòls en el seu estat natural és d'importància capital per als enginyers a l'hora de dissenyar noves obres. La investigació desenvolupada en aquesta Tesi se centra a descobrir els efectes de l'estructura del sòl en el seu estat natural en la resposta mecànica de dos sòls al¿luvials holocens, dipositats superficialment: els llims del riu Bormida (BRS) a Itàlia i els sòls llimosos provinents de la plana al¿luvial del riu Túria (VSS) a Espanya. Aquests tipus de sòls es caracteritzen sovint per una estructura inicial altament heterogènia. S'ha assajat una gran varietat de mostres amb diferents granulometries, des d'arenes fins a argiles llimoses amb les quals s'han realitzat assajos edomètrics i triaxials en mostres intactes, compactades i en mostres reconstituïdes (slurry). En una primera etapa de la investigació es va caracteritzar la resposta del material en el seu estat reconstituït per a definir un marc de referència amb el qual poder comparar la resposta de les mostres intactes preses in situ i que preserven la seua estructura natural (inalterades). S'ha analitzat la influència del mètode de preparació de les mostres en el seu comportament mecànic i en particular, en la unicitat de les corbes de compressió noval i d'estat crític. S'ha comprovat que l'estructura inicial induïda al llarg del procés de preparació desapareix completament després de sotmetre la mostra a compressió i tall, independentment del mètode de preparació utilitzat. Únicament un sòl va mostrar clarament l'efecte de la tècnica de preparació, de manera que les línies de compressió edomètrica es van mantenir paral¿leles fins i tot a nivells de tensió elevats en el cas de mostres reconstituïdes (slurry). Aquest resultat va demostrar, contràriament a l'opinió acceptada en la bibliografia, que el sistema de preparació de la mostra pot crear una potent estructura inicial donant lloc a un comportament de tipus transicional. Als assajos de compressió edomètrica s'ha pogut comprovar un clar efecte positiu de l'estructura inicial de les mostres intactes, inclús a nivells alts de tensió, observant-se índexs de sensitivitat tensional superiors a la unitat al final dels assajos, de manera que per a igualtat d'índex de buits, la tensió efectiva vertical de la mostra intacta és superior a la corresponent en la mostra reconstituïda. Aparentment, aquest efecte és més significatiu quant major és el grau d'heterogeneïtat intern de la mostra a nivell de meso-estructura, com es va poder observar en algunes mostres dels sòls (VSS) que presentaven nivells de laminació horitzontal. Als assajos de tall la influència de l'estructura intacta va ser relativament petita i únicament en el costat humit de l'estat crític."
Carrión Carmona, MÁ. (2016). The effects of the structure on the mechanical behaviour of young Holocene alluvial materials from the Bormida River (Italy) and Turia River (Spain) [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/63470
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Vacca, Alessia. "Rights to use and have used minority languages in the public administration and public institutions : a comparative study of Italy, Spain and the UK." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2013. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=192189.
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This thesis examines one of the most important areas through which a state can affect the vitality of a minority language community: the use of minority languages in the public administration. The study begins with an examination of the European Union Framework with regard to the protection of minority languages in the light of the Treaty of Lisbon and the Charter of Nice. It analyses the relevant Council of Europe Treaties, and in particular the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in so far as they deal with the protection of minority languages in the public administration and public institutions. The thesis also assesses the CoE and EU Frameworks for the protection of minority languages. The national and regional legislation of Italy (Valle d’Aosta, Trentino Alto Adige, Friuli Venezia Giulia, Sardinia and Sicily), Spain (Catalonia, Basque Autonomous Community, Navarra, Galicia, Balearic Islands and Valencia) and UK (Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland) are scrutinized to compare the different approaches adopted for the protection of minority languages. This analysis is focused on the crucial sectors of the public administration and public institutions which have both a high symbolic value and significant levels of inter-action with the minority language-speaking populations. The similarities and differences between the Italian, Spanish and the UK legislation in this field are examined, such gaps as exist between the aims of the legislation and reality are identified, as are the difficulties in the implementation of this form of legislation in the public administration.
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GAGO, FLORES MARIA ANGELES. "EU ORDOLIBERAL INTERGOVERNMENTALISM AND THE TRANSFORMATION OF POLITICAL OPPORTUNITIES IN SOUTHERN EUROPE: TRADE UNIONS¿ STRATEGIES IN SPAIN, PORTUGAL AND ITALY DURING THE EUROZONE CRISIS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/563023.
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This thesis evaluates the impact of the new European economic governance on national political opportunities and explains national political actor’s strategies, governments and trade unions, in the corporatist sphere. It argues that the new European governance led to the emergence of a new rules-based institutional setting that is the result of two factors. First, the asymmetry of power between creditors and debtor countries. Second, the reinforcement of ordoliberal ideas and intergovernmental procedures advocated by the creditors. This thesis claims that the European rules-based setting shapes national government’s behaviour through three mechanisms. First, it isolates economic and social policies from national democratic processes. Second, it shifts European policymaking procedures from mechanisms of coordination to mechanisms of discipline and conditionality. Third, it imposes a policy regime based on austerity, welfare cuts and labour market deregulation. As a result, debtors have to comply with external demands of austerity and structural reforms if they want to receive financial support and avoid financial default.
This dissertation claims that national responses to external demands are the result of two-level games. On the one hand, governments have to evaluate the costs and benefits of complying with external demands (international constraints). On the other hand, governments’ decisions depend on their ideology and their level of fragmentation (domestic consensus dynamics). Full compliance with external demands is associated with strong and/or centre-right governments whereas timid compliance with external demands is associated with divided, weak and/or left governments. Moreover, this thesis argues that government’s choice (concertation or unilateralism) depends on the degree of external credibility achieved by different national responses. Governments that comply fully with external demands are credible and tend to implement reforms unilaterally. On the contrary, there are two paths through which external credibility can be compromised. First, when governments are divided around the adequacy of implementing external demands (government-led timid compliance). Second, when popular mobilisations can hinder the implementation of the reforms (trade unions-led timid compliance). In both cases, governments are interested in including trade unions to generate national consensus and signal external actors with credibility.
Finally, I argue that the new European rules-based setting transforms the political opportunity structure available for trade unions. The new setting multiplies the centres of power towards which they can direct their demands, erodes previous political alignments and creates new potential alliances. However, I further claim that the ability of trade unions to explore the opportunities of this new political structure depends on their framing processes, which are shaped by their power resources and identities.
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Fazio, Luciana. "The Socialist International and the Design of a Community Policy in Latin America During the Late 1970s and 1980s: The Case of Spain and Italy." Doctoral thesis, Luiss Guido Carli, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/11385/203639.
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The Research: A Long Road. History Matters. The Socialist International (SI). The External Dimension of the Spanish Socialist Workers’ Party (PSOE): Latin America and the EEC. The External Dimension of the Italian Socialist Party: Latin America and the EEC.