Academic literature on the topic 'Italy – Intellectual life – 20th century'
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Journal articles on the topic "Italy – Intellectual life – 20th century"
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Vovchuk, Liudmyla. "Implementation of European Values by Foreign Consuls in Southern Ukraine (Late 19th – Early 20th Centuries)." European Historical Studies, no. 15 (2020): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/2524-048x.2020.15.6.
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Today we hear more and more that until our country realizes fundamental European values, it will not be able to become a full member of the “European family”. But it should be emphasized that this process began long before Ukraine gained independence and the leading role in this was played by foreign consuls of Europe and America. The countries that created the modern world as it is, where the foundations of modern statehood, civil society, an efficient market economy, and a system of social justice were laid. Therefore, this article is dedicated to highlighting the role of these representatives in the implementation of European values in the south of Ukraine in the late XIX – early XX centuries. Being in the port cities of the region, which then opened wide horizons for commercial activity, and using all opportunities to maximize the protection of the interests of their state and citizens, foreign consuls, through the development of public-social life of the region, contributed to the implementation of priority values. There were many consuls who made a significant contribution to the development of urban territories, their improvement, the enrichment of the spiritual and intellectual life of the townspeople. Consulates of Greece, Norway, Sweden, Germany, Italy, Belgium, England, Denmark, Portugal, Brazil and Argentina deserve special attention. Awareness of the importance of education, spiritual status of the population and the development of the city as a whole made positive changes. At the end of XIX – beginning of XX century the South of Ukraine began to occupy leading positions in the foreign economic activity of the Russian Empire. Of course, it cannot be said that this was done solely through the work of foreign representatives, but they nevertheless managed to prove that the unity of values is the foundation on which the European Union stands today.
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Jones, Mark. "20th century composers." Psychiatric Bulletin 15, no. 7 (July 1991): 442–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/pb.15.7.442.
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At the turn of the century, opera was leaderless after the heady days of Verdi and Wagner. Puccini emerged as the new voice of Italian opera, where realism, or verismo, was the way forward. But verismo could never be the answer to the operatic dilemma that faced the latest composers, since it only gave a musical dimension to a stage painting of ‘life as it is’, without reference to underlying psychodynamics — I personally have never thought Puccini much of an intellectual. Beautiful his music may be, but as thinking pieces of theatre they are devoid of real challenges. Their appeal and potency lies, to a great extent, in Puccini's obsession with needless suffering.
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Gołaszewska-Rusinowska, Dominika. "JOAQUÍN COSTA I REGENERACJA HISZPANII." Studia Europaea Gnesnensia, no. 17 (June 15, 2018): 359–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.14746/seg.2018.17.19.
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This case study focuses on the life and work of Joaquín Costa. He was a Spanish intellectual who in late 19th century and early 20th century started the intellectual and political movement called Regenerationism. This movement emerged in response against the political system of Spanish Restoration.
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Padrielli, L. "Women in Astronomy - Italy." Highlights of Astronomy 10 (1995): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1539299600010388.
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Let me start with a short historical excursion, taking the Bologna University as an example. The Bologna University was founded in 1088, but only at the beginning of 1700, when a deep transformation in the tradition and female behaviour model occurred, women started to approach the academic life mostly in humanities. There were also examples of scientist women, often without a real academic title working side by side with men (generally fathers or husbands).During the 19th century the female presence in the italian universities slowly increased, becoming a reality at the beginning of the 20th century. In the time interval from 1884 to 1900, 224 degrees were assigned to women in Italy (less than 10% of the total): 68.9% in Literature and Philosophy,7.8% in Mathematics, 11.7% in Natural Science, 9.3% in Medicine, and 2.3% in Law. Women were mostly involved in fields related to educational activities, however six out of 224 got a chair at the Universities, five of which in scientific fields.
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Dénes, Iván Zoltán. "Contributing to Healing the World." European Review 23, no. 4 (September 22, 2015): 597–613. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1062798715000241.
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This paper investigates the resistance, and life-saving activities during the Shoah, of the greatest Hungarian democratic political thinker of the 20th century, István Bibó – one of the most original political theorists of his time. It places this in the context of his intellectual development, and provides an overview of his later thought on Anti-Semitism and the various forms of Jewish identity.
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Lozinskaya, Evgeniia. "AFTER WEINBERG. BOOK REVIEW: THE RECEPTION OF ARISTOTLE’S POETICS IN THE ITALIAN RENAISSANCE AND BEYOND. NEW DIRECTIONS IN CRITICISM / ED. BY BRAZEAU B." RZ-Literaturovedenie, no. 1 (2021): 23–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/lit/2021.01.02.
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The book written by an international team of scholars and edited by B. Brazeau explores literary criticism and reception of Aristotle's «Poetics» in early modern Italy. Revisiting the «intellectual history» of Renaissance poetic studies written by Bernard Weinberg in 1960-s, the contributors find its own place whithin the 2000-years long tradition of translations, commentaries and polemic treatises. The authors apply new methods from book history, translation studies, history of emotions and classical reception to early modern Italian texts, placing them in dialogue with 20th-century literary theory, and thus map out avenues for future study.
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Boyakova, Sardana I., and Inna I. Yurganova. "Parochial schools in Yakutia’s intellectual landscape (the second half of 19th - early 20th century)." RUDN Journal of Russian History 18, no. 4 (December 15, 2019): 904–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.22363/2312-8674-2019-18-4-904-921.
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The article deals with the activities of the parochial schools in the Yakut region in the second half 19th - early 20th century as the region’s main primary schools. The authors consider the effect of the climate and the local population’s living conditions to explain the slow growth of these schools. Among other, it also discusses disagreements between the region’s secular and spiritual authorities about education, as well as how the institutions were financed. It argues the teachers, as members of the intelligentsia, were Yakutia’s intellectual elites, which enabled them to influence public opinion. Their educational activities, involvement in academic research, journalism and art significantly enriched the region’s intellectual life. The authors conclude that parochial schools enabled the population to receive primary education, as well as the possibility of further study. Both secular and religious educators contributed to the formation of the intelligentsia nationally and the integration of the Yakut periphery into the empire.
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Desittere, Marcel. "The circumstances of the first prehistoric science in Italy." Antiquity 65, no. 248 (September 1991): 567–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003598x00080182.
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In another – and perhaps the last – of the sequence of contributions to Antiquity on the subject of the invention of prehistory in various lands, the example of Italy is explored. Again, the basic inspirations, especially from geology, are the same; and again the particular form of Italian prehistory also reflected, and may yet reflect, the special conditions of the nation's cultural and intellectual life in the 19th century.
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Christensen, Bryce. "The Fissioning of the Modern Family in Utopia- The Real- World Consequences of Political Illusions." Legal Culture 1, no. 1 (December 12, 2018): 98–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.37873/legal.2018.1.1.13.
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Since the mid-20th century, the United States-, like many Europeancountries, -has witnessed dramatic changes in family life, resulting inremarkably low rates for marriage and fertility, remarkably high rates fordivorce, cohabitation, and out-of-wedlock births. To understand these changes the article presents, on the example of literature, ideologies, philosophical trends, and intellectual opinions, which in a particularly destructive way influenced the contemporary condition of the family.
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Belov, Sergey G., and Aleksey Yu Suslov. "A Provincial Intellectual at the Breaking Point of History (on the Chistopol Doctor D.D. Avdeyev, the Prototype of Doctor Zhivago)." Vestnik of Northern (Arctic) Federal University. Series Humanitarian and Social Sciences, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.37482/2687-1505-v150.
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This article dwells on the biography of the provincial doctor Dmitry D. Avdeyev (1879–1952) unfolding during the dramatic events in 20th-century Russia. The methods of intellectual history and micro-historiography allow us to create a certain “portrait of a provincial doctor against the background of the era”, who had to make cultural choices. The paper analyses the impact of Avdeyev’s life on the image of Doctor Zhivago, the protagonist in Boris Pasternak’s famous novel, who embodied the best features of the Russian intelligentsia: selfless devotion, action for the common good, disregard of material wealth, and commitment to the timeless humanistic ideals. Avdeyev’s origin and family as well as his professional path are described. Further, the paper studies the everyday life and practice of the ordinary provincial doctor in the early 20th century, including the period of the Civil War and famine of 1921–1922 in the Volga region. It is emphasized here that Avdeyev’s reminiscences of these tragic events, which he had shared with writers evacuated to Chistopol and Yelabuga (1941–1943), were directly and indirectly reflected in Doctor Zhivago. During the war, the doctor’s house in Chistopol became a kind of a writers’ club and a literary salon. It is concluded that the dramatic clash between Avdeyev’s (and Doctor Zhivago’s and, to some extent, Pasternak’s) thoughts and dreams and the reality of post-revolutionary Russia, as well as their being fettered by the actualities of the epoch were, nevertheless, overcome through the spirit of creativity and due to finding meaning in serving the Russian people. This paper provides deeper insights into the lives and behavioural patterns of Russian intellectuals during this landmark period and can be used in interdisciplinary research on the intellectual history of 20th-century Russia and in literary studies.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Italy – Intellectual life – 20th century"
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Lavenda, Daniel. "Disenchanted engagement : the philosophy and political praxis of Massimo Cacciari." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b322a1d4-2ec9-4d24-a847-4388832f5ba9.
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Several commentators have argued that the focus within political theory in recent decades on abstraction rather than 'reality' has left it with has nothing to say to political actors. On these grounds, some have even expressed concern regarding the discipline's future. As a reply to these concerns, I introduce in this thesis the scholarship and political career of the Italian philosopher Massimo Cacciari. Cacciari shares many goals with Anglophone political theorists, but neither his scholarship nor his practice have engaged in the kind of intellectual abstraction which they now find so troubling. Drawing from Cacciari's philosophy, political career, and interventions as a public intellectual, I show how his understanding of real-world conflicts and contradictions begins with a commitment to what I call his 'geophilosophy of the archipelago', which regards the foundations of human knowledge to be irreducibly plural. A commitment to irreducibly plural foundations means that philosophers and political actors must discard what Cacciari views as 'enchantment' with the possibility of ultimate or absolute resolution of all political discord. In return, however, he argues that hopeful political engagement is still possible, because political actors remain able to cope in material and semiotic terms with the complex realities they face. I suggest that serious consideration of Cacciari's example of recognising irreducible plurality, coupled with a disenchanted engagement with both the material and the semiotic dimensions of political life, offers a compelling alternative orientation to the world that may suggest new ways forward in political theory.
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Bedon, Elettra. "La poesia in lingua veneta dalla fine della Prima Guerra Mondiale a oggi." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=26252.
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Writers and poets who wrote in the "language of Venice" are far more numerous than is commonly reported in the history of Italian literature. It is the purpose of this dissertation to present and highlight their works.Since here we mainly deal with writers and poets of the second half of the twentieth century, for which there is no roll call, we deemed it appropriate to research and introduce them, supplying for each of them detailed biobibliographical data.
In the course of our work we tried to sketch a subdivision of the matter which keeps in mind what has been previously done, but which is also new if one takes into account the whole scope and breadth of this literature.
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MARKATOS, Kimon. "Historicizing postmodernism through the prism of cultural transfers : the case of Greece (1974-2010)." Doctoral thesis, European University Institute, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/60855.
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Defence date: 25 January 2019Examining Board: Prof. Ann Thomson, European University institute; Prof. Pavel Kolár, European University institute; Prof. Dimitris Tziovas, University of Birmingham; Prof. Matthias Middel, Universität Leipzig
Historicizing Postmodernism through the prism of cultural transfers: The case of Greece (1974-2010), examines the various transformations of the concept of postmodernism in the Greek intellectual framework, between 1970 and 2010, and situates them in a wider transnational context. It is focused mainly on the academic fields of history, literary criticism/Philology, and social theory and it is deployed around three interrelated questions; two preliminary questions concerning the postmodern debates in the Greek context, and the central research question, which seeks to bring the debates into a transnational context: Firstly, a) what were the Greek perceptions of postmodernism? More particularly, what did the concept of postmodernism mean for the intellectuals who entered the debates around its definition and features, depending on their field of expertise, and on the particular moments they attempted to define it in the period under examination? Secondly, b) how has the debate on postmodernism affected the aforementioned subject areas, in such a way that it radically changed the terms of discussion on their regulatory epistemological foundations; and how have the changes in the social, economic and political context of the past 40 years shaped and reshaped the various different arguments regarding postmodernism in the level of ideas. Finally, c) How did the debate around postmodernism in the Greek intellectual circles relate with intellectuals of other national frameworks?
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Baird, Catherine 1966. "The "third way" : Russia's religious philosophers in the West, 1917-1996." Thesis, McGill University, 1997. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=34695.
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In 1922, the Bolshevik government expelled some 160 prominent intellectuals from Russia. Numbered among these were many of the leaders of the Religious Renaissance which had flourished since the turn of the century. They advocated a "third way": neither for the Tsarist regime nor the Bolsheviks; neither for Capitalism nor Communism; neither for Materialism nor Idealism; rather, they promoted personalist, spiritual development (Godmanhood ), Christian economic ethics (Sobornost'), and a path to knowledge informed by reason, but guided by faith (Religious-Philosophy ). Forced to join the Russian diaspora, these religious philosophers continued to advance their movement with the help of the Young Men's Christian Association. Largely at the initiative of Nikolai Berdyaev (1874--1948), they also began to interact with the French intellectual milieu in Paris in order to develop inter-confessional and cultural understandings. Although Russian religious-philosophy suffered a certain decline following World War Two, many of their writings had returned to the USSR. As Soviet intellectuals discovered these works, they gradually began to revolt against dialectical materialism, and aspire to recover the religious-philosophical tradition. In 1988, this Return was at last made possible, and religious-philosophy has been enjoying a second renaissance which continues unabated today.
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Kitzinger, Denis. "Dietrich von Hildebrand : a Catholic intellectual in the Weimar Republic." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/15908.
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This thesis examines the intellectual activity of the German Catholic philosopher Dietrich von Hildebrand (1889-1977) during the Weimar Republic (1918-1933). It fills a gap both in the Hildebrand scholarship and the history of Weimar Catholicism. It examines Hildebrand as an intellectual (following Stefan Collini's analytical concept), and argues that he can most adequately be described as a neo-conservative Catholic intellectual. Hildebrand was a profoundly religious person whose principal goal was the personal sanctification of educated Catholics through the renewal of the Catholic ethos. To this end he presented the Catholic worldview not in the form of neo-scholasticism as recently initiated by Pope Leo XIII, but in a new form. At the center of his novel presentation stood his Catholic personalism and his phenomenological value ethics. After an introductory chapter that outlines Hildebrand's upbringing, formation, and education with an eye to his conversion to the Catholic faith in 1914, the thesis situates and analyzes Hildebrand in the context of the four main discourses that he participated in during the Weimar Republic: Chapter two examines Hildebrand's contribution to the discourse on Siegkatholizismus, the confidence of Catholics to re- Christianize German and European culture after the First World War; chapter three examines Hildebrand's novel justification of Catholic teaching in the discourse on the crisis of marriage and sexuality during the middle years of the Republic; chapter four engages his social thought and his views on the relation between person and community during the final period of Weimar Germany; and chapter five explores Hildebrand's transnational activity against the background of a growing transformation of Catholic supranational identity through nationalism shortly before the Nazi takeover of power in 1933.
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Willems, Nadine. "The agrarian foundations of early twentieth-century Japanese anarchism : Ishikawa Sanshirō's revolutionary practices of everyday life, 1903-1945." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:25f7fd44-e2c2-4a71-a9f6-b922b0bc3936.
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This dissertation examines the link between anarchism and agrarian thought in modern Japan through the investigation of the life and ideas of radical intellectual Ishikawa Sanshiro (1876-1956). I track its emergence from the time of Ishikawa's involvement in the socialist movement in the early 1900s to its development during his exile years in Europe between 1913 and 1920 and then after his return home through to the end of the Pacific War. I show how concern for the traditions and condition of farming communities informed a certain strand of non-violent anarchism premised on environmental awareness and cooperative principles fostered through the practices of everyday life. By rescuing from near historiographical oblivion a major dissenting figure of modern Japan, this study gives prominence to a distinctive anarchist intellectual contribution. I examine both the theoretical premises and related socio-political applications, highlighting Ishikawa's role for over five decades as a creative force of social change and a bulwark against authoritarianism. Thus, this work puts forward a more nuanced understanding of the movement of popular agrarianism that marked the interwar period, often pigeon-holed by historians as an adjunct of radical nationalism. I also probe the ecological critique embedded in Ishikawa's vision of the man-nature interaction, which remained vital over the decades and has direct relevance to presentday concerns. The tracing of Ishikawa's connections, both transnational and within Japan, provides the main methodological axis of this study. It appraises dissenting politics through the lens of actual praxis rather than categorization of ideological differences. Likewise, transnational connections are given agency as a mutually creative process rather than as a unidirectional transmission of ideas and values from West to East.
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Heckerl, David K. "From Emerson's 'Great guest' to Strauss's Machiavelli : innocence, responsibility, and the renewal of American studies." Thesis, McGill University, 1998. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=35708.
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My dissertation explores the intense crisis of sensibility experienced by liberal intellectuals in cold war America, with special emphasis on the desire to renew liberal democratic culture by moving, in mind and spirit, from innocence to responsibility. The latter term, however, expresses sentiments of civic virtue or republicanism very much at odds with liberalism; hence the ultimate failure of liberals to consummate their own sense of what is most needful or necessary. Although liberals clearly desire the sensational execution of innocence, their inability to be "altogether evil" (Machiavelli) consigns them to the equivocating limbo of what R. W. B. Lewis called the "new stoicism." The liberal desire for renewal does find its consummation, however, in Leo Strauss's Thoughts on Machiavelli (1958), which instructs liberals in the salutary benefits of a philosophical republicanism. As embodied in Machiavelli himself, this mode of republicanism promises to emancipate liberals (if only they would listen) from the tyranny of innocence, thereby effecting the desired regenerative movement to civic responsibility.
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Cormier, Jeffrey 1967. "Where have all the Canadians gone? : frame resonance, transformation and institutionalization of the Canadianization movement, 1968-1985." Thesis, McGill University, 2000. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36897.
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Social movements are an understudied aspect of Canadian society. This thesis is an attempt to address this general lacuna by examining the social movement efforts of Canadian cultural nationalists during the 1960s and 1970s, as they struggled to build a strong, vibrant Canadian cultural community. Four social movement based questions guide the analysis. First, why did the Canadianization movement begin when it did? Second, how did the movement transform itself for long-term survival? Third, what kinds of mobilizing structures did the movement make use of, and what influence did these structures have on the movement's activities? And finally, how did the movement maintain itself in times when the political and media climate was unreceptive? This thesis addresses these questions with the combined use of data collected from archival sources as well as twenty-two interviews. The case of Canadianization permits us to empirically document the actions that organizational intellectuals take in pushing for social and cultural change, an aspect of the social movements literature that, until now, has been largely only theorized about.
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Tobin, Robert Benjamin. "The minority voice : Hubert Butler, Southern Protestantism and intellectual dissent in Ireland, 1930-72." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2004. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d7206b16-dd27-4a47-b8da-205d23e05290.
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Much has been written about the generation of Southern Irish Protestant intellectuals who played such a prominent role in Ireland's public life from the fall of Charles Stewart Parnell in the early 1890s until the rise of Eamon de Valera in the early 1930s. Very little indeed has been written about the generation of Southern Protestant intellectuals following them, those writers, journalists, academics and churchmen who were born around 1900 and who came of age in the decade following Irish Independence. Though few in number, these people represent an important facet of the young nation's cultural history and serve to refute the blanket assumption that the minority community had neither the will nor the ability to make a contribution to the new dispensation. As a particularly eloquent and stalwart member of this community, the Kilkenny man-of-letters Hubert Butler (1900-91) functions as the touchstone of this thesis, an individual worthy of attention in his own right but also compelling as a commentator on the challenges facing Southern Protestants generally during the period 1930-72. For in these years, Protestants confronted the delicate task of adapting to their changed position within Irish society without in the process forfeiting their distinct identity. As a nationalist eager to participate fully in the country's civic life but also as a Protestant fiercely committed to the rights of spiritual independence and intellectual dissent, Butler often struggled to balance the demands of community with those of autonomy. This thesis explores the various contexts in which he and his contemporaries challenged the normative terms of Irishness so that the criteria for belonging might better accommodate their minority values and experiences. In so doing, Southern Protestant intellectuals of this generation made a valuable contribution to the development of pluralistic values on the island.
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Dawkins, Charlie. "Modernism in mainstream magazines, 1920-37." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:71ef5fb2-9a5a-4277-9b0d-edf307acd1e7.
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This thesis studies five mainstream British weekly magazines: 'Time and Tide', the 'Nation and Athenaeum', the 'Spectator', the 'Listener', and the 'New Statesman'. It explores how these magazines reviewed, discussed and analysed modernist literature over an eighteen-year span, 1920-37. Over this period, and in these magazines, the concept of modernism developed. Drawing on work by philosopher Ian Hacking, this research traces how the idea of modernism emerged into the public realm. It focuses largely on the book reviews printed in these magazines, texts that played an important and underappreciated role in negotiations between modernist texts and the audience of these magazines. Chapter 1, on 'Time and Tide', covers a period from the magazine's inception in 1920 to 1926, and draws particularly on Catherine Clay's work on this magazine. It discusses the genre of 'weekly review' that this new magazine attempted to join, and the cultural place of modernism in the early 1920s. Chapter 2, on the 'Nation and Athenaeum', covers Leonard Woolf's literary editorship (1923-30), under the ownership of J. M. Keynes, and makes use of Keynes's archive at King's College, Cambridge, and Woolf's at the University of Sussex. Chapter 3, on the 'Spectator', covers Evelyn Wrench's editorship (1925-32), and explores the relationship between this magazine, ideologies of conservatism, and modernism. Chapter 4, on the 'Listener', focuses on the magazine's publication of new poetry, including an extraordinary 1933 supplement that printed W. H. Auden's 'The Witnesses'. This work revolves around Janet Adam Smith, literary editor in these years, and draws on Smith's archive at the National Library of Scotland as well as the BBC archives at Caversham. Chapter 5, on the 'New Statesman' in the 1930s under new editor Kingsley Martin, explores a period when modernism was more widely recognized, and pays particular attention to a short text by James Joyce printed in 1932, 'From a Banned Writer to a Banned Singer'.
Books on the topic "Italy – Intellectual life – 20th century"
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Rundle, Christopher. Publishing translations in Fascist Italy. New York: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Publishing translations in Fascist Italy. New York: Peter Lang, 2009.
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Collection, Estorick, ed. Still life in 20th century Italy. Milano: Mazzotta, 2004.
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Hazzard, Shirley. Greene on Capri: A memoir. New York: Farrar, Straus, Giroux, 2000.
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Hazzard, Shirley. Greene on Capri: A memoir. New York: Virgo Press, by arrangement with Farrar, Straus and Giroux, 2000.
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Vance, William L. America's Rome. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1989.
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Marianne, Pade, Jensen Hannemarie Ragn, and Waage Petersen Lene, eds. Avignon & Naples: Italy in France, France in Italy in the fourteenth century. Rome: "L'Erma" di Bretschneider, 1997.
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Institute of Southeast Asian Studies., ed. Indonesian Muslim intellectuals of the 20th century. Singapore: Institute of Southeast Asian Studies, 2006.
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Gheissari, Ali. Iranian intellectuals in the 20th century. Austin: University of Texas Press, 1998.
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Rabbi Judah Moscato and the Jewish intellectual world of Mantua in 16th-17th century. Leiden: Brill, 2012.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Italy – Intellectual life – 20th century"
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Cast, David. "Poge the Florentyn: A Sketch of the Life of Poggio Bracciolini." In Atti, 163–72. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-968-3.12.
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Thanks to his part in the rediscovery of Lucretius in the Renaissance Poggio Bracciolini has been much in academic news recently. But he was always there as a part of the histories of that moment, in all its twists and turns, as an example of what it was to be a Renaissance humanist in the earlier part of the XVth century. He was born in 1380 and educated first in Arezzo. But he soon moved to Florence to become a notary and from his intellectual contacts there a little after 1403 he became a member of the entourage of Pope Benedict IX to remain all his life a member of the Papal court. But, in true humanist fashion, he was busy always with his writings, taking on a range of general subjects, nobility, the vicissitudes of Fortune and many others. Also, again in true humanist fashion, he was often involved in dispute with other scholars, most notably Lorenzo Valla. Yet, amidst all this activity, he had time to travel throughout Europe, scouring libraries to uncover, as with Lucretius, long neglected texts. But perhaps his most notable achievement was the design of a new script, moving away from the less legible texts of medieval copyists to provide one, far easier to read, that was to become the model in Italy for the first printed books – as it is a model still for publishers. Few scholars of that moment can claim to have had so profound and persistent an influence on the spread of culture in Europe and beyond.
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Deotto, Patrizia. "Italy in Bunin’s Perception." In I.A. Bunin and his time: Context of Life — History of Work, 80–91. A.M. Gorky Institute of World Literature of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22455/ab-978-5-9208-0675-8-80-91.
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The paper analyses some new elements introduced by Bunin in the perception of Italy in the light of the traditional vision codified in the Italian narrative of the Russian culture between the 19th and the early 20th century. In the first place, Bunin differentiates himself choosing Capri, an unusual destination, for his long stays in Italy. Moreover, in his description of nature, he does not resort to the intermediation of visual or literary arts, instead, he aesthetically elevates Italy’s nature recreating images that recall the connection with the absolute. He delineates a wider vision of a concept that is dear to the Russian travelers when it comes to the perception of Italy as a spiritual homeland, a concept that is not limited to the cultural link between Italy and Russia mediated by Byzantium, but reaches out to the Levantine East, embodying universal cultural and spiritual values. It highlights in the surrounding reality and everyday habits the features of an ancient cultural tradition that is brought to life in the present, reiterating the uninterrupted relation with the past.
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Sgarbi, Marco. "Figures of Democratizers." In The Democratization of Knowledge in Renaissance Italy. Nieuwe Prinsengracht 89 1018 VR Amsterdam Nederland: Amsterdam University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5117/9789463721387_ch03.
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Chapter 3 outlines the intellectual figures that comprised the democratizers of knowledge in sixteenth-century Italy, with a specific focus on authors like Antonio Brucioli, Sperone Speroni, Benedetto Varchi, Lodovico Castelvetro, Bernardo Segni, Alessandro Piccolomini, and Felice Figliucci. After a brief description of their main characteristics in the first part, the chapter focuses on their classical education. The second part reconstructs the important role that the “Venetian moment” played in their intellectual life in three important respects: knowledge of Aristotelianism, development of linguistic theories, and availability of printing presses. The last part deals with the religious background of the democratizers and their connections with movements of spiritual renewal.
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Spickard, James. "How Would a World Sociology Think? Towards Intellectual Inclusion." In Diversity, Inclusion, and Decolonization, edited by Abby Day, Lois Lee, Dave S. P. Thomas, and James Spickard, 157–69. Policy Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781529216646.003.0011.
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Sociology was founded in 19th century Europe and was institutionally formed in the mid-20th century United States. Its core concepts were shaped by those two historical-cultural milieux. As a result, the discipline sees the world as centred on the Global North, with the rest of humanity still embedded in ‘tradition’. Though sociologists recognize this approach’s flaws, this origin still shapes their teaching and research. This chapter shows how concepts developed in two non-Euro-American civilizations can improve contemporary sociology’s understanding of aspects of social life worldwide. The first set of concepts comes from Confucian China; it emphasizes the important role that maintaining right relationships plays in religious life. The second set comes from 14th-century North Africa; it helps understand the interactions between ethnicity and religion in a deeper way than is possible for a sociology that puts these two things into separate conceptual boxes. These illustrate the benefit for world sociology of overcoming the discipline’s theoretical ethnocentrism.
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Siu, Helen F. "Social Responsibility and Self-Expression." In Tracing China. Hong Kong University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5790/hongkong/9789888083732.003.0012.
Full textAbstract:
Both intellectuals and peasants have played vital roles in the political arena of 20th-century China. The short stories that follow focus on peasant life and were written by leading literary figures from the 1930s to the 1980s. In my introduction to each part, I try to point to the structure of values that guided intellectual thought and actions and to demonstrate the cultural mechanisms that tied writers to subjects in a political order rapidly being transformed by their often unintended efforts.
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Blazek, William. "“The Very Beginning of Things”." In Edith Wharton and Cosmopolitanism. University Press of Florida, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.5744/florida/9780813062815.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
Edith Wharton benefited in her early career from the intellectual cosmopolitanism and encouraging support of the Harvard art professor Charles Eliot Norton. His emphasis on the imagination as a powerful force for social change drew from his close association with the aesthetic principles of John Ruskin and the philosophy of John Stuart Mill, and it found expression in a key art-historical publication, Historical Studies of Church Building in the Middle Ages. The moral and spiritual concepts underpinning this text, along with Norton’s writings about Italy, including Notes of Study and Travel in Italy, and his life itself, are read in this chapter alongside Wharton’s short stories and her first novel, set in late-eighteenth-century Italy, The Valley of Decision. Wharton’s fiction owes much in its focus on the artistic imagination, moral choices, and community transformation to Norton’s lessons in virtuous service, sympathy, and aesthetic sensibility.
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Matsaganis, Manos. "Living Standards in Southern Europe over the Long Run." In Europe's Income, Wealth, Consumption, and Inequality, 151–76. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197545706.003.0004.
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This chapter reviews how material conditions improved in Italy, Spain, Portugal, and Greece over many decades from the postwar period to the onset of the Eurozone crisis and the Great Recession; how Southern Europe lost ground in the 2010s; and how changes in living standards affected different population groups. The chapter unfolds in 15 short sections. Section 4.1 sets the scene by briefly discussing similarities and differences between the four countries. Section 4.2 recounts how life in Southern Europe was transformed since the mid-20th century in terms of material well-being. Sections 4.3–4.14 look at changes in gross domestic product, consumption, investment, labour productivity, employment, education attainment, population health, social spending, income inequality, poverty and social exclusion, the distribution of wealth, and life satisfaction. Section 4.15 concludes.
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Florczak, Ilona. "Literatów dole i niedole. Z korespondencji do Kazimierza Bartoszewicza." In Życie prywatne Polaków w XIX wieku. „Prywatne światy zamknięte w listach”. Tom 7. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Łódzkiego; Instytut Historii i Stosunków Międzynarodowych UWM, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/8142-182-9.15.
Full textAbstract:
Kazimierz Bartoszewicz (1852–1930) – a publicist, publisher, bookseller, one of the leading representatives of the literary community in Krakow, he was a highly respected editor of literary and social journals. The titles he edited, including „Szkice Społeczne i Literackie” (1875–1876), „Przegląd Literacki i Artystyczny” (1882–1886) and „Przegląd Literacki” (1896–1899) enjoyed the interest and recognition of the then Polish intellectual elite. Due to the function of the editor and publisher of the aforementioned magazines, Kazimierz Bartoszewicz maintained contacts with many eminent writers of the 2nd half of the 19th century. It is enough to name a few of them: Kajetan Abgarowicz, Władysław Bełza, Marian Gawalewicz, Agaton Giller, Aleksander Kraushar, Józef Łepkowski, Stanisław Smolka and Kornel Ujejski. Correspondents, apart from professional issues, addressed private, social and intimate issues in the letters. The correspondence shows up a picture of the professional life of writers in the second half of the 19th century and early 20th century, their struggles with the hardships of everyday life (often with poverty), efforts to appear on the literary market, and finally the view of the environment on social and professional issues.
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Mcmullen, David. "Denis Crispin Twitchett 1925–2006." In Proceedings of the British Academy, Volume 166, Biographical Memoirs of Fellows, IX. British Academy, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264751.003.0016.
Full textAbstract:
Denis Crispin Twitchett was always at the forefront in exploiting the great changes that took place. He had every reason for confidence. Twitchett knew the European languages from his schooldays and, by virtue of his command of East Asian written languages, was well qualified to provide intellectual and scholarly leadership. His reading of academic Japanese was effortless and this gave him ready access to the best body of secondary scholarship on medieval Chinese economic history of the middle decades of the 20th century. Twitchett once said of himself that he ‘began life as a physical geographer, graduated in the high tradition of European Sinology, worked in the field of economic history, and administer[ed] a department of languages and literature’. All these very different fields exerted profound influence on his scholarship, interacting to make him the rounded humanist scholar that he became.
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Zanou, Konstantina. "Diasporic Lives across Empires and Nations." In Transnational Patriotism in the Mediterranean, 1800-1850, 83–93. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198788706.003.0007.
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Chapter 5 explores Ioannis Kapodistrias’s life (1776–1831) in conjunction with a set of other biographies, devoted to his friends and collaborators in the Ionian Islands and Russia during the first three decades of the nineteenth century. It explores Kapodistrias’s efforts to learn Greek and Hellenize himself in Russia, his connections to the Ottoman Phanariot environment of St Petersburg, and his meteoric rise in the diplomatic service of the Tsar. The chapter’s aim is to unravel a particular intellectual geography that was formed between Italy, the Ionian Islands, the Ottoman Danubian Principalities, and Russia, and to show the forms of nationalism and proto-liberalism that were fostered, and which creatively combined the empire and the nation. Small nations, for these Ionian proto-liberals, could exist only if protected by great empires.