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1
Meister, Maureen. "In Pursuit of an American Image: A History of the Italian Renaissance for Harvard Architecture Students at the Turn of the Twentieth Century." Prospects 28 (October 2004): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001472.
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After a five-month sojourn in Rome, the author Henry James departed with “an acquired passion for the place.” The year was 1873, and he wrote eloquently of his ardor, expressing appreciation for the beauty in the “solemn vistas” of the Vatican, the “gorgeous” Gesù church, and the “wondrous” Villa Madama. Such were the impressions of a Bostonian who spent much of his adult life in Europe. By contrast, in June of 1885, the young Boston architect Herbert Langford Warren wrote to his brother about how he was “glad to be out of Italy.” He had just concluded a four-month tour there. He had also visited England and France, and he was convinced that the architecture and sculpture of those countries were superior to what he had seen in Italy, although he admired Italian Renaissance painting. When still in Rome, he told his brother how disagreeable he found the “Renaissance architecture in Italy contemporary with Michael Angelo and later under Palladio and Vignola,” preferring the work of English architects Inigo Jones and Wren. Warren appreciated some aspects of the Italian buildings of the 15th and early 16th centuries, but he considered the grandeur and opulence of later Renaissance architecture especially distasteful.
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Lehmann, L. Th. "Underwater archaeology in 15th and 16th-century Italy." International Journal of Nautical Archaeology 20, no. 1 (February 1991): 9–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-9270.1991.tb00290.x.
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Rodari, Paola. "Education and science museums. Reflections in Italy and on Italy." Journal of Science Communication 07, no. 03 (September 19, 2008): R01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.07030701.
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The educational function of science museums was born with the first naturalistic collections ever, flourished in 16th-century Italy. The pedagogic thought and the educational experimentations carried out in approximately five century of history have allowed the educational mission of museums to acquire many different facets, drawing a task having an increasingly higher and complex social value. Recent publications explore these new meanings of an old role.
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Borghese, A. "THE LIPIZZANER IN ITALY." Animal Genetic Resources Information 10 (April 1992): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1014233900003308.
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SUMMARYThe Lipizzaner is one of Europe's most ancient breeds; its history goes back to the early 16th century The original stock came from the North of Italy and Spain; six male lines introduced in the second half of the 18th century and the early 19th century, from Naples, the Austro-Hungarian empire, Denmark and Arabia upgraded the breed to its actual standard. The Italian national stud of Montemaggiore is perpetrating the Lipizzaner tradition. The horses are kept under extensive grazing conditions and all six “families” (Napolitano,Conversaro, Favory, Pluto, Maestoso and Siglavy) are present.
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Morucci, Valerio. "Music, patronage and reform in 16th-century Italy: new light on Cardinal Carlo Borromeo." Early Music 47, no. 4 (November 2019): 499–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/em/caz071.
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Abstract Music historians are certainly familiar with the figure of Cardinal Carlo Borromeo. Important research has illuminated his association with the composer Vincenzo Ruffo, his reform of female convents, and, more generally, his influence over the musical life of Milan, including local churches and confraternities; more recently, Borromeo’s relationship with the musician Tomás Luis de Victoria has been closely examined. However, our knowledge of his role as a promoter of the so-called ‘Counter-Reformation’ in music is fragmentary. In particular, a comprehensive investigation of Borromeo’s private correspondence is lacking. In order to fill this lacuna, this article uses newly discovered letters (housed in the Biblioteca Ambrosiana, Milan) to illuminate several interrelated aspects of Borromeo’s activity as a patron and reformer in the aftermath of the Council of Trent: firstly, his support for musicians and the much discussed issue of textual intelligibility, and secondly, the prohibition of musical instruments in church and his directives against public musical entertainments.
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Медведь, А. Н. "WOOD AND EARTH FORTIFICATIONS IN 16th-CENTURY ITALY -ESTABLISHMENT OF THE TRADITION)." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 267 (October 4, 2022): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.267.396-409.
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Статья посвящена истории развития древо-земляной фортификации в Европе второй половины XVI в. Рассматриваются два трактата, посвященные созданию древо-земляных укреплений, - Дж. Лантьери «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550-е гг.) и Г. Галилея «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590-е гг.). Анализируются особенности создания укреплений, изложенные в этих трактатах, сравниваются технологические приемы, описанные авторами. Проводится сравнение с более ранними итальянскими произведениями на аналогичную тематику. Делается вывод о том, что во второй половине XVI в. в Италии сформировалась и получила свое дальнейшее развитие технологическая традиция создания земляных фортификаций. The article is devoted to the history of the development of wooden and earth fortification in Europe in the 2nd half of the 16th century. We consider two treatises devoted to the creation of wooden and earth fortifications - G. Lantieri «Duo libri del modo di fare le fortificazioni di terra» (1550s) and G. Galileo «Breve Instruzione all’architettura militare» (1590s). We analyze the peculiarities of building fortifications described in these treatises and compare the technological methods described by the authors. A comparison is made with earlier Italian works on the same subject. The conclusion is made that in the second half of the 16th century in Italy was formed and further developed the technological tradition of building earth fortifications.
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Rampazzi, Laura, Cristina Corti, Ludovico Geminiani, and Sandro Recchia. "Unexpected Findings in 16th Century Wall Paintings: Identification of Aragonite and Unusual Pigments." Heritage 4, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 2431–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030137.
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Sixteenth century wall paintings were analyzed from a church in an advanced state of decay in the Apennines of central Italy, now a remote area but once located along the salt routes from the Po Valley to the Ligurian Sea. Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR-ATR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) with a microprobe were used to identify the painting materials, as input for possible future restoration. Together with the pigments traditionally used for wall painting, such as ochre, ultramarine blue, bianco di Sangiovanni, cinnabar/vermilion, azurite, some colors were also found to have only been used since the 18th century. This thus suggests that a series of decorative cycles occurred after the church was built, confirmed by the multilayer stratigraphy of the fragments. Some of these colors were also unusual, such as clinochlore, Brunswick green, and ultramarine yellow. The most notable result of the analytical campaign however, was the ubiquitous determination of aragonite, the mineralogical form of calcium carbonate, mainly of biogenic origin. Sources report its use in Roman times as an aggregate in mortars, and in the literature it has only been shown in Roman wall paintings. Its use in 16th century wall paintings is thus surprising.
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Стасюк, И. В. "St. Paraskeve's (St. Michael's) church in Pyatnitsky monastery on the Ivangorod road: the outcomes of the 2018-2019 archaeological studies." Architectural archeology, no. 2 (December 20, 2020): 215–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.2020.978-5-94375-327-5.215-226.
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Пятницкий монастырь располагался в конце XVI - XVII в. на дороге между крепостями Ям и Ивангород. Каменный монастырский храм, выстроенный между 1577 и 1581 гг., был заброшен в XVII в., в 1780 г. восстановлен и освящен в честь Архистратига Михаила. Функционировал в качестве приходского до 1938 г., разрушен в ходе боевых действий и немецкой оккупации в 1941 г. В 2018-2019 гг. раскопками исследованы фундаменты сохранившейся северной части храма. Южная часть полностью уничтожена карьером. Реконструирована строительная история храма в конце XVI - начале XX в. Раскрыты очертания древнего каменного трехапсидного четырех-столпного храма, фундаменты которого сложены из плиты на растворе. Этот храм последней трети XVI в. предположительно построен псковскими мастерами. In late 16th and 17th centuries, Pyatnitsky (St. Paraskeve's) monastery was located on the road between fortresses Yam and Ivangorod. The stone monastery church was built between 1577 and 1581, then abandoned in the 17th century and restored and reconsecrated to St. Archangel Michael in 1780. Until 1938, it was a parish church, then was destroyed during the war and the German occupation in 1941. In 2018 and 2019, the fragments of the surviving northern wall of the church were excavated and studied. The southern part of the church has been obliterated and gave way to a sand pit. After the excavation, it has become possible to reconstruct the building history of the church from late 16th to early 20th century. Outlines of the old stone three-apse and four-column church have been traced, with its surviving fragments made of plinthiform bricks bound together by mortar. This church must have been build by a Pskov team of masons in the last decades of the 16th century.
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Медведь, А. Н. "GIOVAN BATTISTA BELLUZZI AND HIS «TREATISE ON FORTIFICATIONS OF EARTH»." Краткие сообщения Института археологии (КСИА), no. 264 (December 3, 2021): 376–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25681/iaras.0130-2620.264.376-387.
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Статья посвящена «Трактату о земляных укреплениях» (1554 г.) итальянского фортификатора XVI в. Джамбаттисты Белуцци. Описываются разделы трактата, отмечаются особенности создания земляных укреплений в Италии XVI в. Высказывается гипотеза о связи технологий создания итальянских земляных укреплений и подобных крепостей в Московском великом княжестве. The article is devoted to the «Treatise on earth Fortifications» (1554) written by the military architect of the 16th century Giovan Battista Belluzzi. It describes sections of the treatise, and highlights distinctive features of earthwork fortifications in Italy in the 16th century. According to the hypothesis presented in the paper, there is a link between the technology of building Italian earth fortifications and that of similar fortresses in the Grand Duchy of Moscow.
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Vojvodic, Dragan. "The icon of the Theotokos from the Church of St. Nicholas (Rajko’s Church) and the question of painting workshops in medieval Prizren." Zograf, no. 40 (2016): 95–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/zog1640095v.
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Based on stylistic and paleographical analysis, it can be safely concluded that the icon of the Theotokos from the Church of St. Nicholas (Rajko?s Church) in Prizren was not created in the 14th century as previously believed. It was painted in the last third of the 16th century by an icon painter close to the circle of Serbian painters formed in Pec. The suggestion of stylistic ties between this icon and the first fresco layer at the Church of the Holy Savior in Prizren and the wall paintings in the Church of St. Nicholas (the Tutic Church) is not acceptable. Furthermore, comparison of wall paintings in these and other contemporaneous churches in the area of Prizren, as well as the local icon paintings, does not substantiate the suggestion that an urban painting workshop operated in 14th-century Prizren.
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Markkola, Pirjo. "The Long History of Lutheranism in Scandinavia. From State Religion to the People’s Church." Perichoresis 13, no. 2 (October 1, 2015): 3–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/perc-2015-0007.
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Abstract As the main religion of Finland, but also of entire Scandinavia, Lutheranism has a centuries-long history. Until 1809 Finland formed the eastern part of the Swedish Kingdom, from 1809 to 1917 it was a Grand Duchy within the Russian Empire, and in 1917 Finland gained independence. In the 1520s the Lutheran Reformation reached the Swedish realm and gradually Lutheranism was made the state religion in Sweden. In the 19th century the Emperor in Russia recognized the official Lutheran confession and the status of the Lutheran Church as a state church in Finland. In the 20th century Lutheran church leaders preferred to use the concept people’s church. The Lutheran Church is still the majority church. In the beginning of 2015, some 74 percent of all Finns were members of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Finland. In this issue of Perichoresis, Finnish historians interested in the role of church and Christian faith in society look at the religious history of Finland and Scandinavia. The articles are mainly organized in chronological order, starting from the early modern period and covering several centuries until the late 20th century and the building of the welfare state in Finland. This introductory article gives a brief overview of state-church relations in Finland and presents the overall theme of this issue focusing on Finnish Lutheranism. Our studies suggest that 16th and early 17th century Finland may not have been quite so devoutly Lutheran as is commonly claimed, and that late 20th century Finland may have been more Lutheran than is commonly realized.
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Sutri, Yerlin Vinni, and Bobby Kurnia Putrawan. "The History of the Reformation of the Church in the 16th Century and Its Influence on the Church Today." Journal of Religious and Socio-Cultural 2, no. 2 (December 11, 2021): 109–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.46362/jrsc.v2i2.84.
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The history of the reformation of the church is a very long and very memorable history for the church. The Reformation was an attempt by the reformers to return the church to biblical authority. The life of the church before the reformation was very far from the truth of the Bible, where church leaders carried out deviations and heretical teachings. Many church leaders take advantage of their position to gain profit, for example the sale of a pardon. Luther invited people at that time to turn to the true teachings of the Bible. Outside of Martin Luther, there were also reformers who continued Luther's work, namely John Calvin and Ulrich Zwingli. After 500 years of church reformation, the church today is still feeling the effects of the reformation although there are still churches that deviate from the teachings of the Bible. The church reformation changed wrong mindsets and views and brought believers to the true truth of the Bible. The results of the reformation brought believers to the true knowledge of Jesus Christ. The situation before the reformation and after the reformation is very different, where the entire leadership in the church has been changed. Leaders in the church today are not only governed by the pastor but also by people who have been chosen and determined.
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WEREDA, Dorota. "Reformation as an Inspiration for Reforms of the Eastern Churches in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth." Historia i Świat 7 (June 30, 2018): 187–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2018.07.12.
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The Reformation was a phenomenon influencing transformations of the Orthodox Church and the Uniate Church in the multi-denominational Polish-Lithuanian state. In response to a particularly severe lack of education compounded by the influence of the Reformation in the Easter Churches, certain educational initiatives were undertaken, translation of the Bible and liturgical texts into the Old Orthodox Church Slavonic language, acquainting people with new forms and ways of religious apologetics. Ideas initiated by the Reformation were developed in the 16th century by Piotr Mohyła. Under the influence of the Reformation a new quality of relationships and social bonds was created in the Orthodox Church society of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. The activities of laymen and Orthodox Church fraternities became more intensified. The ideas of the Reformation on soteriological subjects became an inspiration for part of Orthodox Church elites to enter into union with the Papacy.
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Mann, Vivian, and Daniel Chazin. "Printing, Patronage and Prayer: Art Historical Issues in Three Responsa." IMAGES 1, no. 1 (2007): 91–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/187180007782347557.
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Abstract"Printing, Patronage and Prayer: Art Historical Issues in Three Responsa" presents texts from 16th-century Italy, 17th-century Bohemia, and 20th-century Russia that explore the following issues: the impact of the new technology of printing on Jewish ceremonial art and limits to the dedication and use of art in the synagogue.
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Thomson, Leighton. "Vicar of Chelsea Old Church, 1950-1992, July 9th, 1995." Moreana 41 (Number 157-, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 8–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2004.41.1-2.4.
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In this paper, Leighton Thomson provides the reader with an overview of early 16th century English history and he explores the achievements and reversals of the period in terms of the epoch of discovery, the Renaissance humanists and the first stirrings of the Reformation. A contrast is drawn between Thomas More and his contemporary reformers, particularly William Tyndale and Martin Luther.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Kuzmina, Marina D. "“Alphabet Scribe” in the History of Russian Literature." Philology 19, no. 9 (2020): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-9-87-101.
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The article is dedicated to the study of the most significant and popular Old Russian scribe – “Alphabetical”, written in the late 16th – early 17th century according to researchers. The assumption is made that it was replenished and adjusted over several decades, quickly responding to the demands of the times and reflecting the main processes that took place in Russian literature of the 16th and especially the 17th century. The scribe reflected the central feature of this period: the interaction of the traditional and the new, with an emphasis on the new. It demonstrates such new aspects of Russian literature of the 17th century as secularization, democratization, fiction, and individualization. It is rather telling that the vast majority of sample messages are private letters written for relatives and friends. Particularly noteworthy are the samples of ‘anti-friendly’ letters, some of which are parodies of friendly letters. They make up an organic part of the 17th century parodies, namely such satirical texts as Kalyazinsky Petition, The Dowry Document, The Tale of Ersh Ershovich, The Service of the Tavern. As it is known, parodies play a crucial role in the turning periods of literary development, which was the 17th century. In this era, first of all, the most stable and therefore most recognizable genres were parodied: business (petitions, dowry, court documents, etc.) and church (hagiographies, prayers, akathists, church services, etc.) writing. Quite noteworthy is the appearance along with these parodies of the parody of the epistolary genre, indicating that it had fully developed, and occupied a proper place in the system of literature genres, and was unmistakably recognized by authors and readers. Moreover, a new, ‘secular’ version had developed and was recognized: friendly letters, which were by no means educational, unlike those popular in Ancient Russian literature of previous centuries.
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Butina, Eva. "Excavations of the 16th-century Protestant church and graveyard in Govče, north-east Slovenia." Post-Medieval Archaeology 52, no. 2 (May 4, 2018): 170–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00794236.2018.1515387.
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Wion, Anaïs. "Promulgation and Registration of Royal Ethiopian Acts in Behalf of Political and Religious Institutions (Northern Ethiopia, Sixteenth Century)." Northeast African Studies 11, no. 2 (October 1, 2011): 59–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/41932052.
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Abstract The study scrutinizes a corpus of 34 royal charters given to religious institutions and private persons of the Northern regions of the Ethiopian kingdom during the 16th century. This study sheds light on the prosopography of the bureaucracy, first, as well as on the role of the Aksum Sdyon church as an interface between the monarchy and religious or political institutions in the north of the realm. We better understand the distnbution of roles between crown servants, officials from the Aksum Sdyon church where copies of the acts were made and kept, and the members of the clergy in the religious institutions concerned in the acts.
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Santer, Mark. "Bishop of Birmingham, 23rd July 1989." Moreana 41 (Number 157-, no. 1-2 (June 2004): 138–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/more.2004.41.1-2.15.
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In this paper, Bishop Santer explores the issue of authority, which haunted English and European Church history in the early 16th century. The constant stresses between local, national and international interests frequently informed the rise of conflict, when these various interests were in tension. He goes on to discuss the difficulties that national Churches have experienced in subsequent history. Thomas More’s principles sought to provide an answer to the statement of the Nicene Creed “I believe in the Catholic Church”. Drawing from his experience on the Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission, Bishop Santer considers that the questions posed by More are unavoidable in the quest for Church unity.
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Jekele, Ilona. "Representation of the Livonian clergy in 13th–16th century sigillographic sources." Studia Slavica et Balcanica Petropolitana 29, no. 1 (2021): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.21638/spbu19.2021.105.
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The paper focuses on the investigation of the sigillographic sources — pendant wax seals, that belonged to the representatives of Livonian Bishops and Archbishops of Riga. For the investigation, more than 700 pendant wax seals from the Latvian State Historical Archive’s Fund No. 8 — “Archives of Internal Magistrate of Riga” were analyzed. The paper focuses on the wax seals that belonged to the representatives of the Archbishopric of Riga, and representatives of the Livonian Bishoprics. Analysis of the seals of Livonian clergy reveal that several stages can be distinguished in their development. The earliest wax seals that belonged to the representatives of the Livonian clergy display a well-known image – a bishop seated on a throne holding his regalia. For earliest seals it was common to use uncolored wax, these seals mostly were round in shape but the transition to the pointed oval shape took place during the 13th-century. By the middle and end of the 13th-century seals transitioned into use of red wax. During this time also first double-sided seals (where the reverse can be considered as the counterseal) appeared. In this period bishops and archbishops are depicted standing in the church surroundings, indicating the seal owner’s status and rank. In the 14th-century the use of the family coat of arms also appears. Counterseals in 15th-16th-cenuries are used separately as the great seal and counterseal and the depiction used in them represent the importance of the cult of Virgin Mary in Livonia. Nevertheless, Livonian clergymen also used their family coat of arms for self-representation. Medieval religious communities were specialists in symbolization. During the middle ages they adopted and readjusted their own equivalent of self-representation devices used not only in sigillographic sources but also in artistic and architectural works.
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Dimitrov, Yanko. "About the History of the Chiprovtsi Genus Soimirovich in Dubrovnik and Italy." Balkanistic Forum, SOCIAL ANXIETY AND SOURCES OF MOBILISATION 31, no. 3 (September 15, 2022): 113–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.37708/bf.swu.v31i3.8.
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The present article provides some information about the history of the influential Soimirovich family in Dubrovnik and Italy in the 16th and 17th centuries. This family originates from the Catholic town of Chiprovtsi in North-western Bulgaria and it was known until now with Franciscus Soimirovich (1614 – 1673), who held important positions in the hierarchy of the Catholic Church in the Balkans. The article is dealing with the relocation of some of them to Dubrovnik and subsequently to different parts of Italy and with their marriages with various local families. They have integrated successfully into the societies of their new homelands as respected and wealthy merchants. However, they didn't cut their ties with Bulgaria which can be seen from the testament of one of the representatives of the family, called Demetrio Serratura from Dubrovnik, translated at the end of the article.
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Wołoszczenko, Stanisław. "Ewangelia BJ 941 w kolekcji rękopisów Biblioteki Jagiellońskiej: społeczna historia kodeksu." Z Badań nad Książką i Księgozbiorami Historycznymi 16, no. 2 (July 29, 2022): 193–213. http://dx.doi.org/10.33077/uw.25448730.zbkh.2022.712.
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This article is dedicated to the study of the history of the Cyrillic Four Gospels BJ 941 from the manuscript section of the Department of Special Collections of the Jagiellonian Library in Krakow. The study defines that the Gospels were rewritten on a paper variety, the identification of its watermarks implies that the book was created in the last third of the 16th century. The analysis of the manuscript margins indicates that the manuscript was rewritten and purchased in Stryi, in the former Przemyśl region. The study of four gift records of the 16th and 17th centuries draws an understanding of how the manuscript has functioned and migrated at the appointed time. First, after the purchase, the codex was donated to the church of Paraskeva Piatnytsa in the Pietniczany village in the Lviv region. In 1641 the codex was gifted over to the Church of the Beheading of John the Baptist in Rozhysche, Sataniv povit. Between 1649 and 1678 the Gospels were presented to the Church of the Intercession of the Virgin in Vinnytsia. In 1678 the book appeared in the Church of the Intercession in the village of Nekhaiky in the Cherkasy region. In the 19th century, the Gospels belonged to the private library of Stanisław Krzyżanowski, who in 1870 donated the manuscript to the Jagiellonian Library.
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Trencsényi, László. "The School Culture Heritage of the Reformation." Acta Technologica Dubnicae 7, no. 1 (April 1, 2017): 116–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atd-2017-0008.
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Abstract On the occasion of the 500th anniversary of the Reformation, this essay analyses those educational innovations in the history of central European education that were introduced by the Church reform in the 16th century, following these modernizations and their further developments through the spreading of the universal school systems in the late 18th and early 19th centuries. Drawing examples from the innovations in the college culture of the period, the author emphasises that those pedagogical values established in the 16th century are not only valid today, but are exemplary from the point of view of contemporary education. From these the author highlights: pupils’ autonomy (in the form of various communities), cooperation with the teachers and school management and the relative pluralism of values.
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Wright, A. D. "Cardinal Bendinello Sauli and Church Patronage in Sixteenth-Century Italy, by Helen Hyde." English Historical Review CXXVI, no. 521 (July 25, 2011): 923–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/cer178.
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Loud, GA. "Shorter notice. Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy. J Howe." English Historical Review 114, no. 456 (April 1999): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/enghis/114.456.404.
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Loud, G. "Shorter notice. Church Reform and Social Change in Eleventh-Century Italy. J Howe." English Historical Review 114, no. 456 (April 1, 1999): 404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ehr/114.456.404.
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KIRK, THOMAS. "Cardinal Bendinello Sauli and Church Patronage in Sixteenth-Century Italy - By Helen Hyde." History 95, no. 320 (September 29, 2010): 500–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-229x.2010.00496_23.x.
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Stasiuk, Ivan, and Andrii Pavlyshyn. "From the History of the Monument of Ukrainian Wooden Architecture – the Epiphany of the Lord Church in Stanymyr (1689)." Scientific Papers of Vinnytsia Mykhailo Kotsyiubynskyi State Pedagogical University. Series: History, no. 42 (December 2022): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31652/2411-2143-2022-42-9-16.
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The purpose of the article is to study the history of a valuable monument of Ukrainian wooden architecture of the 17th century – the Epiphany of the Lord Church in Stanymyr village in Lviv region, as well as the introduction of a new source into scientific circulation, which allows you to trace the historical development of the church in detail. The research methodology is based on the principles of objectivity, historicism, systematicity, analytical and synthetic criticism of sources. The method of historical reconstruction contributed to the creation of a coherent picture of the history of the Epiphany of the Lord Church in Stanymyr village from disparate facts. The scientific novelty consists in an attempt to systematize the materials related to the history of the church and introduce a new historical source of the 18th century into scientific circulation, which enriches the research base of the monument, as well as the history of the settlement in which it is located. The document proposed for publication can be used for research on church history, architecture, local history, demographic studies, as well as other topics devoted to the history of society in the early modern period. Conclusions. The Epiphany of the Lord Church in Stanymyr is one of the few preserved wooden churches of Opillia, built in the 17th century. The first Christian church in the village probably existed already in the 15th century, but the first documented mention of the church in Stanymyr dates back to the beginning of the 16th century. The modern monument was built in 1689, but it has not come down to us in its original form, which is particularly confirmed by the visitation of the church in 1763. The published document contains a detailed description of the interior of the church (including icons, liturgical utensils, vestments and books) and its surroundings (fence, bell tower, cemetery), as well as immovable property (parson's house and land). The visitation also includes valuable information about the local parish priest, statistics about the parish's population, its toponymy and anthroponymy.
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Salmon, Vivian. "Missionary linguistics in seventeenth century Ireland and a North American Analogy." Historiographia Linguistica 12, no. 3 (January 1, 1985): 321–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.12.3.02sal.
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Summary Accounts of Christian missionary linguists in the 16th and 17th centuries are usually devoted to their achievements in the Americas and the Far East, and it is seldom remarked that, at the time when English Protestant missionaries were attempting to meet the challenge of unknown languages on the Eastern seaboard of North America, their fellow missionary-linguists were confronted with similar problems much nearer home – in Ireland, where the native language was quite as difficult as the Amerindian speech with which John Eliot and Roger Williams were engaged. Outside Ireland, few historians of linguistics have noted the extraordinarily interesting socio-linguistic situation in this period, when English Protestants and native-born Jesuits and Franciscans, revisiting their homeland covertly from abroad, did battle for the hearts and minds of the Irish-speaking population – nominally Catholic, but often so remote from contacts with their Mother Church that they seemed, to contemporary missionaries, to be hardly more Christian than the Amerindians. The linguistic problems of 16th-and 17th-century Ireland have often been discussed by historians dealing with attempts by Henry VIII and his successors to incorporate Ireland into a Protestant English state in respect of language, religion and forms of government, and during the 16th century various official initiatives were taken to convert the Irish to the beliefs of an English-speaking church. But it was in the 17th century that consistent and determined efforts were made by individual Englishmen, holding high ecclesiastical office in Ireland, to convert their nominal parishioners, not by forcing them to seek salvation via the English language, but to bring it to them by means of Irish-speaking ministers preaching the Gospel and reciting the Liturgy in their own vernacular. This paper describes the many parallels between the problems confronting Protestant missionaries in North America and these 17th-century Englishmen in Ireland, and – since the work of the American missions is relatively well-known – discusses in greater detail the achievements of missionary linguists in Ireland.
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Wilkiel, Karol. "Postanowienia Soboru Stu Rozdziałów z zakresu teologii praktycznej." Elpis 22 (2020): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/elpis.2020.22.05.
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The article concerns historical conditions of one of the key councils which took place in Russian Orthodox Church. It was convened by Tsar Ivan IV at the beginning of 1551 in Moscow, and it was signed up in history under the name The Stoglavy Synod. The name of the Council follows its decisions – a final document which contained one hundred chapters. This article is the analysis of its decisions, concerning practical theology, as well as problems with conduction of liturgy, faced by the Russian Orthodox Church in 16th century.
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Leucci, Giovanni, Lara De Giorgi, Immacolata Ditaranto, Ilaria Miccoli, and Giuseppe Scardozzi. "Ground-Penetrating Radar Prospections in Lecce Cathedral: New Data about the Crypt and the Structures under the Church." Remote Sensing 13, no. 9 (April 27, 2021): 1692. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs13091692.
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Lecce is a city located in the southern part of the Apulia region (south Italy). Its subsoil is rich in the remains of superimposed ancient settlements from the Messapian period (7th–3rd century BC) to the Roman, Medieval, Renaissance, and Baroque periods. Lecce Cathedral is one of the most important buildings in the town. It was built in the 12th century and transformed in the 16th and 17th centuries. Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) surveys were carried out in the cathedral and its crypt with the aim to evidence both probably buried structures related to the known crypt and other features such as tombs. The GPR investigations allow us to locate many features under the floor of the church. Some of them are unknown and could belong to the previous building of the Romanesque period. Furthermore, most of the identified structures are related to tombs and underground rooms (ossuaries). Under the crypt floor, six tombs of the 19th and 20th centuries and other ancient structures were documented.
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Stanciu, Constantin Bogdan. "Key aspects for the dating of “Saint Nicholas” church located in the village Izvoru de Sus, Argeș County." CaieteARA. Arhitectură. Restaurare. Arheologie, no. 4 (2013): 153–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.47950/caieteara.2013.4.10.
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Izvoru manor was fi rst mentioned during the reign of Prince Neagoe Basarab (1512-1521), when it passed from the possession of Glavacioc Monastery to a boyar ownership. In the 16th century at the earliest, this manor belonged to Ştirbei boyars and was later transferred to Colfescu and Perticari families. The only traces of the old mansion are the vaulted cellars of a ruined house, atop of which a new house was built toward the end of the 19th century, and the chapel – currently the parish church, severely deteriorated. The history of this halidom, which was classified as a monument in 1930s, is unclear. Historical sources reveal contradictory information. On the one hand, some sources and the typological survey place the building of the church during the second half of the 17th century. On the other hand, the hypothesis of erecting it at the beginning of the subsequent century should not be ruled out, as suggested by the epigraphic documents. According to these sources, “Saint Nicholas” Church of Izvoru de Sus was built during the fi rst half of the 18th century.
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LÉVY, TONY. "L'ALGÈBRE ARABE DANS LES TEXTES HÉBRAÏQUES (II). DANS L'ITALIE DES XVe ET XVIe SIÈCLES, SOURCES ARABES ET SOURCES VERNACULAIRES." Arabic Sciences and Philosophy 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2007): 81–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0957423907000379.
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Until the end of the 14th century, the sources of Hebrew mathematical writings were almost exclusively in Arabic. This was particularly true of texts that contained elements of algebra or algebraic developments. The testimonies we present and analyze here are due to Jewish authors living in Italy, primarily in the 15th century, who made use of the most varied sources, in addition to Arabic: in Castilian, in Italian, and perhaps in Latin. These testimonies constitute both an indication, and a product, of the circulation of Arab algebraic traditions in Renaissance Italy. Simon Moṭoṭ’s book on The Calculation of Algebra stems from the Italian tradition of ‘‘treatises on the abacus’’. Mordekhay Finzi of Mantua is the author of a Hebrew version of the great work on algebra by Abū Kāmil (9th century), as well as of a version, distinct from the preceding, of the Arabic scholar’s introductory exposition. Beginning in 1473, Finzi also translated from Italian to Hebrew the important treatise on algebra by Maestro Dardi of Pisa (1344). We also indicate some 16th century continuations of Hebrew mathematical production, which contain algebraic developments.
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Eamon, William. "Cannibalism and Contagion: Framing Syphilis in Counter-Reformation Italy*." Early Science and Medicine 3, no. 1 (1998): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/157338298x00013.
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AbstractThe outbreak of syphilis in Europe elicited a variety of responses concerning the disease's origins and cure. In this essay, I examine the theory of the origins of syphilis advanced by the 16th-century Italian surgeon Leonardo Fioravanti. According to Fioravanti, syphilis was not new but had always existed, although it was unknown to the ancients. The syphilis epidemic, he argued, was caused by cannibalism among the French and Italian armies during the siege of Naples in 1494. Fioravanti's strange and novel theory is connected with his view of disease as corruption of the body caused by eating improper foods. His theory of bodily pollution, a metaphor for the corruption of society, coincided with Counter-Reformation concepts about sin and the social order.
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ОСІНЧУК, ЮРІЙ. "Церковнослов’янська лексика зі семантикою ‘Бог; Божа особа’ у староукраїнських текстах." Studia Slavica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 64, no. 2 (February 6, 2021): 383–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/060.2019.64211.
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The present paper is based on materials of different genres and different styles of Ukrai- nian written monuments of the 16th and the 17th centuries (acts, court documents, wills, deeds, documents of church and school fraternities, chronicles, works of religious, polemi- cal and fiction, memos of scientific and educational literature, liturgical literature, episto- lary heritage, etc.) which are included in the source database of the Dictionary of Ukrainian language of the 16th century and the first half of the 17th century and its unique lexical card index, which is stored at the Ukrainian Language Department in the I. Krypiakevych Institute of Ukrainian Studies of the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine (Lviv). The composition and structural organization of Church Slavonic lexemes meaning ‘God; God’s face’ as well as their origin and history are studied.It was found that the register of this vocabulary included more than fifty phonetic and graphic Church Slavonic elements expressing the concept of ‘God; God’s face’ different in word-forming structure. The main attention is paid to the etymological analysis of the studied tokens, which was primarily to clarify their semantic etymon. It is established that the analyzed Church Slavonicisms are mostly semantic loans from the Greek language, which preserved their semantics from ancient times to the Old Ukrainian period.It is observed that some studied tokens often act as core components of various two-, three-, or four-membered lexicalized phrases. The most active multifunctional core com- ponent was the token Lord. It is established that fixed phrases and phraseologisms are of different types in structure, mostly two-component noun + adjective phrases (sporadically, there are other lexical-grammatical models, too: “noun + noun”, “preposition + adjective”). Much less observable are three-component formations (“noun + verb + pronoun“, “verb + pronoun + noun“) and four-component models (“verb + preposition + pronoun + noun”).It was found that the Church Slavonic words attested in the Ukrainian memos of the 16th and the 17th centuries did not undergo significant semantic changes in the process of formation of religious vocabulary. Some Church Slavonicisms have gone through a partial semantic modification, and some have acquired new semantics due to fixed phrases. Some words that point to God’s face are characterized by polysemy and synonymy.The evolution of the analyzed Church Slavonicisms is different. Some of them have survived to our time and are actively used in the Ukrainian literary language or dialects, while others function only in a special area: in the church practice of the Byzantine rite (Orthodox Church of Ukraine, Ukrainian Greek Catholic Church).
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Malone, Hannah. "Secularisation, anticlericalism and cremation within Italian cemeteries of the nineteenth century." Modern Italy 19, no. 4 (November 2014): 385–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2014.939165.
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This article examines the monumental cemeteries of nineteenth-century Italy with regard to their role as platforms for the tensions between Church and state. In that burial grounds were publically owned yet administered by the clergy, they represented a space where conflicts between secular and clerical powers might be played out – conflicts that reached a peak in the final decades of the Ottocento following the annexation of the Papal State to unified Italy. Particular attention is given to the adoption of cremation as a practice that was advocated by anticlerical, liberal and radical factions in opposition to the Catholic Church. That opposition was manifested in the design and layout of Italian burial grounds and in construction of new crematoria.
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Mironowicz, Antoni. "Najstarsze dzieje parafii mielnickich." Elpis 23 (2021): 147–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.15290/elpis.2021.23.18.
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The oldest history of the Orthodox parishes in Mielnik shows that they were closely related to the history of the city. The first brick temple was built in the Ruthenian stronghold in the 13th century. The tradition of the thirteenth-century temple was related to the wooden church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary built in 1431 at Drohicka Street, and then another one erected on the Ruthenian hill in 1614 and the present one built in the years 1821-1823. The Orthodox Church of the Resurrection of Christ situated on Brzeska Street at the beginning of the 16th century was of great importance to the inhabitants of the city. Rebuilt after a fire in 1648, it survived until 1878. In 1777, in the parish of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary, a cemetery chapel of the Protection of the Mother of God was built, which housed the revered icon of the Mother of God of the Protection.
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Stenberg (石峻山), Josh. "Xiqu in the Philippines: From Church Suppression to MegaMall Shows." Journal of Chinese Overseas 16, no. 1 (May 12, 2020): 58–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341413.
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Abstract Evidence of xiqu (“Chinese opera”) in the Philippines begins in the early 16th century, when the Catholic church sought to suppress it. Despite its longevity, Philippine xiqu has not featured much in the multidisciplinary study of ethnic Chinese in the Philippines, nor as part of the global turn in xiqu research. This article, attending to the history and contemporary practice of xiqu, situates the Philippines and especially Manila firmly in the Hokkien network of Chinese theatre, especially in the period between the late nineteenth century and World War II. The Philippines were, and remain today, an important node in xiqu dissemination, transfer, and transnational evolution, as well as an integral part of the culture of the Chinese in the Philippines. The Philippine case helps break down fundamental linguistic, ethnic, and religious equations surrounding xiqu, given the genre’s syncretism, ethnic ambiguity, and non-Chinese language environment.
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Stolyarova, Lyubovj. "“Childbearing” as a Direction of the Inner Policy of Late 16th-Century Russia." ISTORIYA 13, no. 5 (115) (2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.18254/s207987840021613-3.
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The authors analyze the approaching dynastic crisis in late 16th-century Russia as a special direction of the policy of Tsar Fedor Ioannovich’s government. The policy was concerned, firstly, with the belittling of the dynastic rights of Dmitry of Uglich, and, secondly, with the attempts of Fedor and his wife Irina Fedorovna to bear their own heir. The latter problem was addressed with the use of all medical and non-medical resources available in the late 16th century: from secret diplomacy, invitation of foreign doctors and an English midwife to Russia to votive building, pilgrimage to monasteries, creating icons dedicated to saints who patron childbearing, and so on. Thirdly, the concentration of the ruling couple on pilgrimage, church building etc., for which much money and time was needed, was connected with the activity of Boris Godunov as the real head of the government. The collapse of this policy after the death of Princess Feodosia was the reason why Boris Godunov attempted to found a new, Godunov dynasty on the Muscovite throne.
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Shamardina, N. V. "GALICIAN-RUSSIAN PRAISE OF THE VIRGIN ICONS OF THE 15th – 16th CENTURIES: GENESIS AND METAMORPHOSIS." Rusin, no. 60 (2020): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/18572685/60/3.
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The Galician-Russian icons of Praise of the Virgin are interesting both due to their origin from the hymns of akathist worship, the circumstances of their appearance in the Galician-Russian lands (probably related to the Western Russian metropolitan Gregory Tsamblak), and their unprecedented abundance. This type includes the outstanding works of the 15th century belonging to the Przemysl School, the main icon-painting centre in Poland. In the 16th century small trading towns, primarily Sambir, housed icon-painters who created icons in the democratic version of the national icon-painting style, associated with the artistic achievements of the neighboring coreligious Moldova. The Lviv Renaissance affected all aspects of the spiritual life of Galician Rusins around 1600 during the events around the Brest Union (1596). A final episode of the twocentury history of Praise of the Virgin in its Galician version is presented in Fyodor Senkovich’s icon from the Ripnev village near Lviv, dated 1599. The Praise of the Virgin icons of the 15h – 16th centuries demonstrate the iconographic type transformation caused by the changes in the mentality of the Orthodox population in the east of the Polish Catholic state, indicating both involvement in the Balkan-Slavic church and cultural impulses, as well as general patterns of sacred art development.
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Larentis, Omar, Marta Licata, Enrica Tonina, and Caterina Pangrazzi. "Probable micronutrient deficiency diseases in a rural community. The nonadults of Mary’s Nativity church, 16th century, Trentino Alto-Adige, Italy." Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports 47 (February 2023): 103774. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jasrep.2022.103774.
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Korzo, Margarita A. "The Orthodox Sermon in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth of the 17th Century: Some Observations." Slovene 6, no. 2 (2017): 578–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.31168/2305-6754.2017.6.2.25.
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It has traditionally been assumed that the oral preaching practice of the Orthodox Church in Poland at the turn of the 16th and 17th centuries was brought to life by external and mainly Catholic influences. The present article attempts to rethink these influences and offer an explanation not in terms of “mechanical” borrowings and a succumbing of Orthodox theology to Western influences (the concept of “pseudomorphosis” articulated by G. Florovsky), but rather in terms of a creative response to the external confessional challenges of the epoch (the concept of “polymorphism” proposed by G. B. Bercoff). Examples of such a reception are the sample sermons on the church sacraments and funeral sermons included as an annex to Orthodox rituals. Published for the first time in the Vilnius edition in 1621, texts of this kind were legitimized by Metropolitan of Kiev Piotr Mogila in his Euhologion of 1646. Instructive sermons from the Polish version of the Roman Ritual, which go back to the 16th-century teachings on the church sacraments by S. Karnkowski, M. Kromer, and H. Powodowski, were used as models for these Orthodox sample sermons. Although the idea to incorporate such sample sermons in Orthodox rituals was inspired by the Polish tradition, this does not mean that the Orthodox authors also borrowed the instruction texts from the Catholic rituals. As an example of borrowings, the article analyzes the “Kazanie na pogrebe” from the Vilnius Ritual, 1621. Textual analysis of the given sermon shows its compositional and, partially, even its substantial dependence on a sermon written by a Polish Dominican, W. Laudański (1617), and also its familiarity with Augustine’s theological legacy, which was available only in Latin editions.
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Mahling, Madlena. "Sorbische Seelsorge und Reformation – ein überlieferungsgeschichtliches Problem illustriert am Beispiel der pfarrlichen Seelsorge in Lübben im 15. und 16. Jahrhundert." Zeitschrift für Slawistik 64, no. 4 (October 30, 2019): 556–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/slaw-2019-0032.
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Summary In Sorbian historiography the Lutheran reformation of the early 16th century is seen as a starting point of Sorbian national history. It is thought that the introduction of Sorbian language into church life led to the development of Sorbian literature, a Sorbian elite and hence to a national identity. Based on research into the history of Sorbian pastoral work in Lübben, the main city of the Margraviate of Lower Lusatia, the present paper argues that the lack of pre-reformation sources about Sorbian church life and accordingly the increase of them after the reformation is primarily due to general mechanisms of source creation and preservation. In view of this, the impact of the reformation on Sorbian history needs to be evaluated with caution.
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Miazek, Jan. "Handwritten pre-Tridentine Pontificals." Warszawskie Studia Teologiczne 31, no. 4 (December 2, 2018): 132–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30439/wst.2018.4.8.
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The article presents the history of pontificals, which are a bishop's liturgical books, beginning with their creation in the 9th century till the 16th century. The following pontificals are analysed in detail: Roman-Germanic Pontifical of the 10th century, Roman Pontifical of the 12th century, Roman Curia Pontifical of the 13th century and William Durand's Pontifical of the 13th century. In the article the process of geographical spreading of pontificals was also demonstrated. The history of pontificals shows how liturgical traditions were spreading and mixing with each other: Roman tradition came into contact with the tradition from the Frankish countries, and from the Frankish countries it was transferred to Rhenish countries. There the pontifical was modified and came back to Rome. In this form, thanks to the invention of printing, it spread in the whole Church.
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Ķauķīte, Sintija. "Pieturzīmes senajos latviešu tekstos." Vārds un tā pētīšanas aspekti: rakstu krājums = The Word: Aspects of Research: conference proceedings, no. 25 (November 23, 2021): 83–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.37384/vtpa.2021.25.083.
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Early written Latvian texts are important sources not only for linguistics but also for culture and social studies. Latvian texts (and indeed Latvian culture as a whole) show consistent German influence. These texts were produced in a cross-cultural context of Catholicism and Protestantism and display elements from local folklore. The history of the Latvian written language dates to the 16th century and is largely linked to the Reformation of the Church. The earliest texts from the 16th century are various versions of translations of the Lord’s Prayer, as well as separate short records in the books of Riga trade associations. Since the 17th century, the scope of genres of written sources widens: lexicographical, legal, and other secular texts have been published. There are two significant aspects of these early Latvian texts. The first is that most of the texts were translations from German, Latin, and Polish, and there were very few original texts. The second aspect is that most of the translators were not native speakers of Latvian. First punctuation marks in Latvian appeared in the 16th century in translations from the German language. In 16th-century texts, the following punctuation marks – point, question mark, slash, double hyphen, colon, and parentheses – were used. Semicolons and exclamation marks were used in 17th-century writings. The following punctuation marks have entered the 18th century: a dash, dots, round quotation marks, a comma, and an apostrophe, but they had been used on a different basis than today. While reading various texts of the 16th and the 17th century, the author also looked at the punctuation marks used at this time – a point, a question mark, a slash, a colon, a semicolon, brackets, a double hyphen, and an exclamation mark. In this study, the use of punctuation marks of 11 texts of Early Written Latvian is analyzed, and a comparison of Early Latvian Texts and the Luther Bible is given. The descriptive method and the comparative method are used. At the end of the paper, the main conclusions are given.
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Diceglie, Angela. "Methodology for the Study of the Vulnerability of Historic Buildings: The Reconstruction of the Transformation Phases of the Church of the Abbey-Castle of Santo Stefano in Monopoli in Puglia (Italy)." Sustainability 15, no. 2 (January 16, 2023): 1702. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15021702.
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The study presented here concerns an analysis of the structural vulnerability of the arm of the church of the Castello di Santo Stefano Abbey in Monopoli in Puglia (Italy). The ancient monument is located on a small “Peninsula” between two ancient natural harbors, 3 km from Monopoli and 5 km from the archaeological site of Egnazia. Studies on the abbey-castle, have revealed different construction and deconstruction phases relating to historical periods of the Roman age, late antique age, medieval age, modern and contemporary age. The castle is typically attributable to a closed courtyard with four arms. The last one, close to the wall on the port of Tramontana, was added at a contemporary time. The arm of the church is characterized by the crypt with opus reticulatum walls from the two surviving bays of the former Benedictine church, from the residential palace of the 18th century, and from the residential extensions of the 20th century. The north-east and north-west arms, born in the 16th century as defensive earth-filled walls with respective bulwarks (north-east pentagonal and north-west at the tip of a spear), were redeveloped between the 17th and 18th centuries into residential buildings with panoramic loggias and overlooking new ditches enclosed by high walled defenses. The study was conducted with non-invasive methods such as: thermographic surveys; archaeological survey; stratigraphic survey of the walls; stratigraphic survey of plants; photogrammetric survey; 3D returns; Morpho-typological survey of the building material making it possible to acquire data on degradation, on the historicization of instability, on the phases of “growth” of the 18th century and of stylistic “reconstructions” of the 19th century. The data acquired, compared with each other, documented: the deterioration and instability of the foundation wall structures (the crypt) and that of the elevated structures: surviving spans of the church and residential building. Alveolization of the building material, deformations, variations in the geometric shape, lack of resistance of the foundation walls due to the typological and qualitative characteristics of the material (opus reticulatum in soft tuff) with high porosity and problems of the church roof system.
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OLMI, GIUSEPPE. "MOLTI AMICI IN VARIJ LUOGHI: STUDIO DELLA NATURA E RAPPORTI EPISTOLARI NEL SECOLO XVI." Nuncius 6, no. 1 (1991): 3–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539191x00010.
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Abstracttitle SUMMARY /title During the 16th century research in natural history developed also because of the strong spirit of collaboration animating various scholars. They continuously exchanged scientific informations, specimens and depictions of the three kingdoms of nature. Thus the great obstacle represented by geographic distance was at least partially overcome: whatever a scholar did not manage to see directly, could become known to him with the help of his collegues. Correspondence is with no doubt one of the main sources to help focus on and study these collaborations. In this paper a group of letters preserved in the Trew legacy of the University Library at Erlangen is examined. The major part of the letters were addressed to the German physician Joachim Camerarius, whereas the addressors were four of the most famous naturalists working in Italy during the second half of the 16th century: Francesco Calzolari, Ulisse Aldrovandi, Giuseppe Casabona (Joseph Goedenhuyze) and Ferrante Imperato. Apart from providing abundant information on the activities and on the particular interests of these scientists, these letters also give direct evidence of the intense scientific ties between Italy and Germany at that time.
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Vacca, G., and A. Dessi. "GEOMATICS SUPPORTING KNOWLEDGE OF CULTURAL HERITAGE AIMED AT RECOVERY AND RESTORATION." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B2-2022 (May 30, 2022): 909–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b2-2022-909-2022.
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Abstract. The study presented aims a practical contribution to the use of the Terrestrial Laser Scanner and the Close Range Photogrammetry geomatic techniques and to their integration for the knowledge and development of the historical-architectural heritage, both in the step of planning a restorative conservation project, and in the subsequent step of the restoration works. In particular, these techniques and their integration were applied at the process of study, planning and execution of the restoration of the San Giovanni Battista church in Fonni (Sardinia, Italy), founded in the 16th century. The building, due to structural problems and humidity infiltrations, was subject to a serious intervention for consolidation and conservative restoration.In the first phase of the work, preliminary to the design, a TLS survey was made that allowed to obtain an accurate 3D model of the church. In a second phase, during the restoration work, CRP surveys were carried out and the accuracy of this technique was verified through a comparison with TLS surveys. The integration of the two techniques to improve the texture of point clouds detected with TLS was also tested.
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WOŹNICA, Kamila. "Wieś Siedlce w ziemi łukowskiej." Historia i Świat 3 (September 10, 2014): 73–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.34739/his.2014.03.05.
Full textAbstract:
Although it has been a settlement since the ninth century, the sources regarding Siedlce before it was granted the town charter are few. The town was situated at the northern edge of the Łuków district, which was a part of the Kingdom of Poland. . The first houses were (found?) on the grounds of the present day palace and the town hospital. The first mention of Siedlce in the written records comes from 1441, when Wojciech of Michów from the Rawicz family exchanged his property with that of his relative Elżbieta, wife of Jan from Oleksów. He gave her half of Siedlce as well as half of Golice, Wola Siedlecka and Wola Golicka in the Łuków district and received in return half of Rudno and half of Składów in the Lublin district. . Elżbieta was in all probability the grandmother of Daniel Gniewosz Siedlecki, the owner of Siedlce at the turn of 16th century. In the early 16th century, Daniel Gniewosz's properties, and subsequently his son's, Stanisław Gniewosz’s, properties, flourished. In addition to Siedlce, they owned between ten and twenty other villages and ironworks by the Muchawka and Liwiec rivers. In 1532, a parish was established and a church under the name of the Blessed Virgin Mary and Stanislaus of Szczepanów, the bishop and martyr, was erected. Another success of Stanisław Siedlecki was the granting of the town charter by Sigismund I the Old in 1547 on the basis of which a e town, named Nowa Siedlcza, was established a little further west from the village.