Journal articles on the topic 'Italians Race identity Australia'
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Lee, Christopher, and Claire Kennedy. "Race, technological modernity, and the Italo-Australian condition: Francesco De Pinedo's 1925 flight from Europe to Australia." Modern Italy 25, no. 3 (April 22, 2020): 243–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2020.17.
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Writing about fascism and aviation has stressed the role technology played in Mussolini's ambitions to cultivate fascist ideals in Italy and amongst the Italian diaspora. In this article we examine Francesco De Pinedo's account of the Australian section of his record-breaking 1925 flight from Rome to Tokyo. Our analysis of De Pinedo's reception as a modern Italian in a British Australia, and his response to that reception, suggests that this Italian aviator was relatively unconcerned with promoting Fascist greatness in Australia. De Pinedo was interested in Australian claims to the forms of modernity he had witnessed in the United States and which the Fascists were attempting to incorporate into a new vision of Italian destiny. Flight provided him with a geographical imagination which understood modernity as an international exchange of progressive peoples. His Australian reception revealed a nation anxious about preserving its British identity in a globalising world conducive to a more cosmopolitan model of modernity.
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Battiston, Simone. "Italians in Australia: History, Memory, Identity." Italian American Review 11, no. 2 (July 1, 2021): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/italamerrevi.11.2.0164.
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Dellios, Alexandra. "Italians in Australia: History, Memory, Identity." Australian Historical Studies 50, no. 2 (April 3, 2019): 274–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1031461x.2019.1598320.
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Caiazza, Tommaso. "An "inferior class of white aliens". Italians and the labour movement in nineteenth- and twentieth-century San Francisco." ITALIA CONTEMPORANEA, no. 299 (October 2022): 7–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/icyearbook2021-oa002.
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early twentieth-century San Francisco. It studies the Italians' integration process through the lens of race by focusing on the racist policies adopted by labour unions, which only admitted "whites" and excluded Asian immigrants. Drawing on a wide variety of sources (the labour press, trade unions' records, employment data), I will reveal how Italians, although discriminated against and judged as racially inferior, were nonetheless recognised as "white" and therefore assimilated into the labour movement. I argue that this was made possible by the early development of a common "Caucasian" identity among European groups, modelled against Asian immigration, which reduced the tensions that prevailed elsewhere in the United States, namely between the "old stock" and the "new immigrants", among whom many Italians.
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Enders, Mike. "Review: Race Daze: Australia in Identity Crisis." Media International Australia 92, no. 1 (August 1999): 156–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x9909200134.
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Zákravský, Jiří. "Trasa stého ročníku cyklistického závodu Giro d'Italia jako prostor k obnovování italské národní identity (i představení Itálie zahraniční veřejnosti)." Studia sportiva 11, no. 2 (December 20, 2017): 78–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/sts2017-2-8.
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It is possible to say that Giro d’Italia, the road cycling race through Italy, has had a huge popularity mainly, but not exclusively, among the Italians since it was held for the first time in 1909. Some authors even mention, Giro d’Italia did for the formation of the common Italian identity more than the political representatives of the state, which was born in 1861. The fact that the 100th edition of the race took place in 2017 is the proof of its popularity. In the context of this anniversary, its organizers wanted to prepare the wholly Italian race where it would be clearly observed the legacy of the Italian history and of the local cycling, including the presentation of the most famous cyclists from Italy in the history. The aim of this article is to analyse the route of Giro d’Italia 2017 and its presentation as a space that could help to Italians to recognize their Italian identity, even if the local cyclists were not as successful during the 100th edition of the race as the organizers would have wished. Also I would like to mention that in the second decade of the 21st century this cycling race is definitely a popular sporting event all around the world. Not only it has a potential to present itself to the foreign public, but also to promote whole Italy in the most positive way. I think, it is certainly possible to use Giro d’Italia as a tool of the Italian sports diplomacy.
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Baldassar, Loretta. "Migration Monuments in Italy and Australia: Contesting Histories and Transforming Identities." Modern Italy 11, no. 1 (February 2006): 43–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532940500492241.
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Rather than focusing on how Italians share the neighbourhood with other groups, this paper examines some of the intra-group processes (i.e. relations between Italians themselves) that produced various monuments to Italian migration in Australia, Brazil and Italy. Through their distinct styles and formulations, the monuments reflect diverse and often competing elaborations of the migrant experience by different generations at local, national and transnational levels. The recent increase in the construction of such monuments in Australia is linked to the gradual disappearance of ‘visibly’ Italian neighbourhoods. These commemorations effectively transform Italian migrants into Australian pioneers and, thus, resolve moral and cultural ambiguities about belonging and identity by de-emphasizing difference (ethnic diversity) and concealing intergenerational tensions about appropriate ways of expressing Italianness. Similarly, the appearance of monuments in Italy is linked to an emergent ‘diasporic’ consciousness fuelled by Italian emigrants’ growing ability to travel to Italy, but also to the attempt to obscure potentially destabilizing dual identities by emphasizing (one, Italian) ‘homeland’.
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Sammartino, Eleonora. "Remaking national identity: Postcolonial discourses at the intersection of gender and race in Tutto può succedere." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 8, no. 3 (June 1, 2020): 321–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00025_1.
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In the context of global migrations, ‘new Italians’ have emerged in a group of mainstream TV series, among which Tutto può succedere (‘Anything can happen’) (RAI 1, 2015–18) stands out as the remake of the American Parenthood. This article argues that this process of cultural translation reveals tensions over the negotiation of national identity in Italian society, due to recent migrations and the submerged colonial past. Through the adoption of an intersectional approach, the analysis of the interracial relationship between Feven, an Eritrean-born woman, and Carlo will highlight that the postracial discourses underlying Parenthood are superseded by postcolonial ones in the remake. I demonstrate that the Othering of Feven through sexualization and exoticization exposes the persistence of colonial stereotypes. However, the displacement of race onto gender preoccupations through the prism of postfeminism highlights the attempted ‘normalization’ of the Other, further engaging with the specificities of the Italian context through its association with religion.
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Cruickshank, Joanna. "Race, History, and the Australian Faith Missions." Itinerario 34, no. 3 (December 2010): 39–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0165115310000677.
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In 1901, the parliament of the new Commonwealth of Australia passed a series of laws designed, in the words of the Prime Minister Edmund Barton, “to make a legislative declaration of our racial identity”. An Act to expel the large Pacific Islander community in North Queensland was followed by a law restricting further immigration to applicants who could pass a literacy test in a European language. In 1902, under the Commonwealth Franchise Act, “all natives of Asia and Africa” as well as Aboriginal people were explicitly denied the right to vote in federal elections. The “White Australia policy”, enshrined in these laws, was almost universally supported by Australian politicians, with only two members of parliament speaking against the restriction of immigration on racial grounds.
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Díaz, Criss Jones. "Latino/a Voices in Australia: Negotiating Bilingual Identity." Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood 4, no. 3 (September 2003): 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/ciec.2003.4.3.7.
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In Australia, bilingual identity and home language retention/attrition in bilingual children has had little research attention. This is particularly true in the early years of life where identity construction emerges in the context of early childhood education. This article begins with an overview of the Australian context to focus attention on the limited provision of bilingual support in early childhood settings. By drawing on the work in identity and hybridity negotiation, the ‘voices' of six Latin American parents are discussed to show how identities are negotiated and intersect with language retention within the social fields of ‘race’, ethnicity and gender differences. Three emerging themes are highlighted: the diversity of the parents' experiences in negotiating identity and language retention in family life; the parents' experiences of identity as multiple; and identity as a site of transformation and struggle in child rearing and gendered family practices. These findings demonstrate the significance of parents' perspectives and experiences of identity and language retention in raising their children bilingually, which can inform equitable and innovative practices in the provision of bilingual support in early childhood settings. In conclusion, the author invites early childhood educators to reframe their understandings of identity construction in young bilingual children.
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Carniel, Jessica. "Calvary or limbo? Articulating identity and citizenship in two Italian Australian autobiographical narratives of World War II internment." Queensland Review 23, no. 1 (May 31, 2016): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/qre.2016.4.
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AbstractAlmost 5,000 Italians were interned in Australia during World War II, a high proportion of them Queensland residents. Internment was a pivotal experience for the Italian community, both locally and nationally, complicating Italian Australians’ sense of belonging to their adopted country. Through an examination of two migrant autobiographical narratives of internment, Osvaldo Bonutto's A Migrant's Story and Peter Dalseno's Sugar, Tears and Eyeties, this article explores the impact of internment on the experience and articulation of cultural and civic belonging to Australian society. It finds that internment was a ‘trial’ or ‘transitional’ phase for these internees’ personal and civic identities, and that the articulation of these identities and sense of belonging is historically contingent, influenced by the shift from assimilation to multiculturalism in settlement ideology, as well as Italian Australians’ changing place in Australian society throughout the twentieth century.
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Ang, Ien, and Jon Stratton. "Multiculturalism in Crisis: The New Politics of Race and National Identity in Australia." TOPIA: Canadian Journal of Cultural Studies 2 (May 1998): 22–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/topia.2.22.
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Mude, William, and Lillian Mwanri. "Negotiating Identity and Belonging in a New Space: Opportunities and Experiences of African Youths in South Australia." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 15 (July 29, 2020): 5484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155484.
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This paper was part of a large study that aimed to explore determinants of increased suicides among African youths in South Australia. As part of this larger study, narratives from participants indicated that identity crisis could be a potential determinant of suicide. This paper reports on how African youths negotiate and form identity in Australia. A qualitative inquiry was undertaken with 31 African youths using a focus group and individual interviews. Data analysis was guided by a framework for qualitative research. These youths negotiated multiple identities, including those of race, gender, ethnicity and their origin. ‘Freedom and opportunity’, ‘family relationships’, ‘neither belonging here nor there’ and ‘the ability to cope against the paradox of resourcefulness in Australia’ appeared to be important themes in negotiating individual identities. An opportunity was used to acknowledge privileges available in Australia relative to Africa. However, the extent to which individuals acted on these opportunities varied, affecting a person’s sense of purpose, identity formation and belonging in Australia. The loss of social networks following migration, and cultural differences between African and Australian societies, shaped the experience of belonging and identity formation. These findings are crucial as they indicate the need for policies and practices that consider experiences of youths as they form their identity in Australia. Further studies with large numbers of participants are needed to explore these issues further among African youths in Australia.
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Benatti, Ruben, and Angela Tiziana Tarantini. "Dialects Among Young Italian-Australians: A Shift in Attitude and Perception." Studia Anglica Posnaniensia 52, no. 4 (December 20, 2017): 467–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stap-2017-0021.
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Abstract The aim of this article is to analyse the relationship that second- and third-generation Italian migrants in Australia have with the Italian dialect of their family. We report on the survey we recently carried out among young Italian-Australians, mainly learners of Italian as a second language. First, we analyse the motivation behind learning Italian as a heritage language. We then move on to describe their self-evaluation of their competence in the dialect of their family, and their perception thereof. Surprisingly, our survey reveals that not only are Italian dialects still understood by most second- and third-generation Italians (contrary to what people may think), but Italian dialects are also perceived by young Italian-Australians as an important part of their identity. For them, dialect is the language of the family, particularly in relation to the older members. It fulfills an instrumental function, as it enables communication with some family members who master neither English nor Italian, but above all, it is functional to the construction of their self and their social identity.
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Healy, Sianan. "Race, citizenship and national identity in The School Paper, 1946-1968." History of Education Review 44, no. 1 (June 1, 2015): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/her-01-2015-0003.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore representations of Aboriginal people, in particular children, in the Victorian government’s school reader The School Paper, from the end of the Second World War until its publication ceased in 1968. The author interrogates these representations within the framework of pedagogies of citizenship training and the development of national identity, to reveal the role Aboriginal people and their culture were accorded within the “imagined community” of Australian nationhood and its heritage and history. Design/methodology/approach – The paper draws on the rich material available in the Victorian Department of Education’s school reader, The School Paper, from 1946 to 1968 (when the publication ceased), and on the Department’s annual reports. These are read within the context of scholarship on race, education and citizenship formation in the post-war years. Findings – State government policies of assimilation following the Second World War tied in with pedagogies and curricula regarding citizenship and belonging, which became a key focus of education departments following the Second World War. The informal pedagogies of The School Paper’s representations of Aboriginal children and their families, the author argues, excluded Aboriginal communities from understandings of Australian nationhood, and from conceptions of the ideal Australian citizen-in-formation. Instead, representations of Aboriginal people relegated them to the outdoors in ways that racialised Australian spaces: Aboriginal cultures are portrayed as historical yet timeless, linked with the natural/native rather than civic/political environment. Originality/value – This paper builds on scholarship on the relationship between education, reading pedagogies and citizenship formation in Australia in the post-war years to develop our knowledge of how conceptions of the ideal Australian citizen of the future – that is, Australian students – were inherently racialised. It makes a new contribution to scholarship on the assimilation project in Australia, through revealing the relationship between government policies towards Aboriginal people and the racial and cultural qualities being taught in Australian schools.
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Luker, Trish. "White Mother to a Dark Race." International Journal of Critical Indigenous Studies 3, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 51–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5204/ijcis.v3i1.58.
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Historical accounts of the removal of Aboriginal children from their families and communities in Australia under colonial assimilation policies have proliferated over recent decades. Within the field, white feminist historiography has involved investigations of the function of gender, domestic space and intimate relations in the colonial enterprise. In this, it has often placed the problematic trope of the maternal as 'a central model of historical identity' (Moore 2000, 95). While similar histories exist in other settler-colonial nations, notably the United States and Canada, there has been relatively little comparative research. In White Mother to a Dark Race, Jacobs provides a substantial comparative account of the removal of indigenous children in North America and Australia during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the period when this was a key government policy in both continents. She focuses on the gendered character of the policies and practices and the role of white women as agents of the state in the removal of children. In particular, Jacobs provides a critique of the discourse of maternalism in its various manifestations. In this task, she takes up a point raised in white feminist analysis that a 'disconcerting maternalism persists both in the context of academic theory and the practical politics of forging international alliances' (Jolly 1993, 104).
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Franklin, Adrian. "Aboriginalia: Souvenir Wares and the ‘Aboriginalization’ of Australian Identity." Tourist Studies 10, no. 3 (December 2010): 195–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468797611407751.
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In recent years Aboriginalia, defined here as souvenir objects depicting Aboriginal peoples, symbolism and motifs from the 1940s—1970s and sold largely to tourists in the first instance, has become highly sought after by both Aboriginal and non-Aboriginal collectors and has captured the imagination of Aboriginal artists and cultural commentators. The paper seeks to understand how and why Aboriginality came to brand Australia and almost every tourist place and centre at a time when Aboriginal people and culture were subject to policies (particularly the White Australia Polic(ies)) that effectively removed them from their homelands and sought in various ways to assimilate them (physiologically and culturally) into mainstream white Australian culture. In addition the paper suggests that this Aboriginalia had an unintended social life as an object of tourism and nation. It is argued that the mass-produced presence of many reminders of Aboriginal culture came to be ‘repositories of recognition’ not only of the presence of Aborigines but also of their dispossession and repression. As such they emerge today recoded as politically and culturally charged objects with (potentially) an even more radical role to play in the unfolding of race relations in Australia.
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VARNEY, DENISE. "Identity Politics in Australian Context." Theatre Research International 37, no. 1 (January 26, 2012): 71–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0307883311000794.
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Identity mobilises feminist politics in Australia and shapes discursive and theatrical practices. Energised by the affirmative politics of hope, celebration and unity, Australian feminism is also motivated by injustice, prejudice and loss, particularly among Indigenous women and minorities. During the 1970s, when feminist theatre opened up creative spaces on the margins of Australian theatre, women identified with each other on the basis of an unproblematized gender identity, a commitment to socialist collectivism and theatre as a mode of self-representation. The emphasis on shared experience, collectivism and gender unity gave way in the 1980s to a more nuanced critical awareness of inequalities and divisions among women based on sexuality, class, race and ethnicity. My discussion spans broadly the period from the 1970s to the present and concludes with some commentary on recent twists and turns in identity politics.
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Moran, Laura. "Constructions of race: symbolic ethnic capital and the performance of youth identity in multicultural Australia." Ethnic and Racial Studies 39, no. 4 (September 17, 2015): 708–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01419870.2015.1080375.
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Kaur, Parwinder, Krishnapillai Sivasithamparam, and Martin J. Barbetti. "Host Range and Phylogenetic Relationships of Albugo candida from Cruciferous Hosts in Western Australia, with Special Reference to Brassica juncea." Plant Disease 95, no. 6 (June 2011): 712–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-10-10-0765.
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White rust, caused by Albugo candida, is a serious pathogen of Brassica juncea (Indian mustard) worldwide and poses a potential hazard to the presently developing canola-quality B. juncea industry in Australia. Nine isolates of A. candida, representing strains collected from B. juncea, B. rapa, B. oleracea, B. tournefortii, Raphanus raphanistrum, R. sativa, Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa, Capsella bursa-pastoris and Sisymbrium irio, from different locations in Western Australia (W.A.), were tested on cruciferous host differentials to characterize their pathogenicity. In particular, these studies were aimed to determine the hazard to the newly emerging B. juncea industry in Australia from races or pathotypes of A. candida present. Pathogenicity tests with appropriate differentials demonstrated the presence in W.A. of a unique strain from B. rapa that did not show characteristics of either race 7A or 7V and clearly is a distinct new pathogenic strain within race 7. Different strains collected from W.A. differed in their host range, with the strains from B. tournefortii and S. irio being highly host specific, failing to be pathogenic on any other differentials. B. tournefortii was host to a strain attacking B. juncea and E. vesicaria subsp. sativa. The strain from R. raphanistrum showed a relatively wide host range among the differentials tested. B. tournefortii, C. bursa-pastoris, R. raphanistrum, and S. irio are common weeds within grain belt and horticultural regions in Australia. The B. oleracea isolate (race 9) was pathogenic to B. juncea ‘Vulcan’ whereas the isolate from B. juncea (race 2V) was not pathogenic on B. oleracea. Similarly, the strain from C. bursa pastoris (race 4) was pathogenic on B. juncea Vulcan but the B. juncea strain was not pathogenic on C. bursa pastoris. In contrast, the strain from R. sativus (race 1) was pathogenic on B. juncea and the B. juncea strain was also pathogenic on R. sativus. Field isolates from B. rapa, B. tournefortii, E. vesicaria subsp. sativa, and S. irio were all nonpathogenic on B. juncea. Isolates from B. juncea and R. raphanistrum were pathogenic on B. napus (FAN 189). For the nine A. candida isolates from W.A., complete rDNA internal transcribed spacer region nucleotide sequence analysis showed a nucleotide identity range of 72.4 to 100% in comparison with previous Australian collections of A. candida and those previously reported in Europe and Asia. The B. tournefortii isolate of A. candida from W.A. formed a distinct clade on its own, with an identity range of 77.4 to 80.5% compared with the other isolates. Isolates from R. raphanistrum and R. sativus from W.A. were least similar to the other isolates, with a nucleotide identity similarity of only 72.4%. Characterization of the races of A. candida in Western Australia adds to the current knowledge regarding the diversity of this pathogen, allows choice of Brassica spp. or cultivars with resistance to races across different regions, and highlights the particular cruciferous weeds involved in pathogen inoculum carryover between successive cruciferous crops, particularly B. juncea crops.
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Cunneen, Chris. "Youth justice and racialization: Comparative reflections." Theoretical Criminology 24, no. 3 (December 11, 2019): 521–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362480619889039.
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Drawing on comparative work between Australia and England and Wales, this article considers issues of criminalization, racialization and youth justice. The article explores both the overt and more subtle forms of racializing and criminalizing young people and highlights the necessity for historically and situationally contextualized understandings of identity and race. The rationalities, practices and discourses of youth justice through which racialization occurs are identified, including how race itself becomes solidified as a category in which people, in many cases, from heterogeneous backgrounds, can be captured and named. In particular there is discussion of the rise of apparently neutral and non-discriminatory justifications for intervention found in the use of risk assessment that leads to racialized differentiation. It is argued that these practices both mask race in their practices and mark race in their outcomes.
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Fforde, Cressida, Lawrence Bamblett, Ray Lovett, Scott Gorringe, and Bill Fogarty. "Discourse, Deficit and Identity: Aboriginality, the Race Paradigm and the Language of Representation in Contemporary Australia." Media International Australia 149, no. 1 (November 2013): 162–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x1314900117.
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Deficit discourse is expressed in a mode of language that consistently frames Aboriginal identity in a narrative of deficiency. It is interwoven with notions of ‘authenticity’, which in turn adhere to models of identity still embedded within the race paradigm, suffering from all of its constraints but perniciously benefiting from all of its tenacity. Recent work shows that deficit discourse surrounding Aboriginality is intricately entwined within and across different sites of representation, policy and expression, and is active both within and outside Indigenous Australia. It thus appears to exhibit all the characteristics of what Foucault has termed a discursive formation, and its analysis requires a multi-disciplinary approach. Developing research overseas on the prevalence and social impact of deficit discourse indicates a significant link between discourse surrounding indigeneity and outcomes for indigenous peoples. However, while there is emerging work in this field in Aboriginal education, as well as a growing understanding of the social impact of related behaviours such as lateral violence, the influence of deficit discourse is significantly under-theorised and little understood in the Indigenous Australian context. This article will problematise the issues and explore theory and methods for change.
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Mckie, Indra Ayu Susan. "Navigating “Mixedness”: The Information Behaviours and Experiences of Biracial Youth in Australia." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 10, no. 2 (July 27, 2018): 67–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v10i2.5941.
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It is generally understood that, ‘for those deemed white, the idea of race serves as a vast source of unearned privilege within all facets of life; for those deemed coloured, it means susceptibility to countless forms of prejudice and racism’ (Nuttgens 2010, p. 255). But what does this mean for a person with indistinguishable physical features, who is questioned daily, “where are you from?” or, even more dehumanisingly – “what are you? In the current racial climate of Australia, biracial second-generation Australians are left to choose between two or more identities on how to behave in attempts to fit binary racial groups and expectations (Shih & Sanchez 2009).
This paper presents the data from six in-depth interviews with Asian biracial youth from across Sydney. The interviews explore how this group has confronted race while developing their own identities during adolescence, as well as how their understanding of being “mixed” has developed over time. In exploring this collective racial identity, I draw from my own racialised experiences to address emergent themes from my findings.
Numerous displays of information behaviours emerged from the participant’s stories of isolation, belonging and resentment towards their racial mixedness. Information avoidance, browsing, seeking and satisficing were observed within their daily experiences of school, family and social life. Such practices informed how these individuals internalised their inherited intersection of racial persecution and privilege. Critical engagement with information behaviours theories justifies the modern notions of identity as a continuous state of reconstruction (Hall 1996) as the biracial participants of this study struggle to find balance with the external validation of others and their driving agency to be themselves.
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Riggs, Damien W. "The ground upon which we stand: Teaching sexuality through race." Psychology of Sexualities Review 5, no. 1 (2014): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.53841/bpssex.2014.5.1.5.
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In this paper I outline some of my own practices for teaching about non-heterosexual sexualities in tertiary education in Australia, and I suggest that one approach to teaching in this context requires non-indigenous educators to locate ourselves and our students within a relationship to ongoing histories of colonisation and the fact of Indigenous sovereignty. I also suggest that teaching about the intersections of multiple identity positions requires educators to incorporate specific teaching practices that render visible social norms, and which highlight the relationship between privilege and disadvantage. Finally, I outline the possible benefits of coming out in the classroom on multiple levels, and suggest that coming out as a white, queer educator can assist in modelling forms of engagement for dominant group students that account for their social location.
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Ireland, Benjamin Hiramatsu. "Nippo-Kanaks in Post-War New Caledonia: Race, Law, Politics and Identity." PORTAL Journal of Multidisciplinary International Studies 16, no. 1-2 (November 13, 2019): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/pjmis.v16i1-2.6438.
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This article interrogates both the legal and social identities of Japanese-Melanesians (or ‘Nippo-Kanaks’) residing in the Free French territory of New Caledonia at the beginning of the twentieth century to the years following the Second World War. The first part of the article details how, fearing an imminent Japanese attack on New Caledonia after the bombing of Pearl Harbor, the French Empire began the process of deporting nearly all Japanese emigrants residing throughout New Caledonia to Australian internment camps on 8 December 1941. French officials in New Caledonia sequestered all property belonging to the Japanese émigré community, and later sold it to the French public. Nippo-Kanaks, who were children at the time of the incarceration and deportation of their Japanese fathers, maintained a problematized legal identity as Japanese nationals residing in Pacific French territory. Although the French Empire granted French citizenship to mixed race Kanaks in 1946, French authorities in New Caledonia specifically denied French citizenship to Nippo-Kanaks, who then had to petition for French naturalization. The second part of this article interrogates the social identity of Nippo-Kanaks viewed from the perspective of Jeannette Yokoyama, a second-generation Nippo-Kanak whose Japanese father was deported to Australia. Yokoyama’s father was forcibly repatriated to Japan after the Second World War, but by writing letters he maintained communication with his family in New Caledonia. The letters that Jeannette received from her father allowed her to forge personal memories of her absent father that shaped her social, mixed race identity as a Nippo-Kanak. For Yokoyama’s father, the letters served as a means to enculturate Jeannette as a Japanese daughter from afar. Jeannette’s memories of her beloved father, coupled with the embrace of her Japanese heritage, represent a symbolic resistance to French administrators’ efforts to erase the presence of the Japanese community in New Caledonia.
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Grossutti, Javier P. "Italians in Australia: History, Memory, Identity, by Francesco Ricatti, Cham (Switzerland), Palgrave Macmillan, 2018, xii + 147 pp., €51.99 (hardback), ISBN 978-3-319-78872-2." Modern Italy 25, no. 4 (July 28, 2020): 505–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/mit.2020.44.
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Kumari, Pariksha. "Reconstructing Aboriginal History and Cultural Identity through Self Narrative: A Study of Ruby Langford’s Autobiography Don‘t Take Your Love to Town." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJELLH 8, no. 12 (December 28, 2020): 128–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijellh.v8i12.10866.
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The last decades of previous century has witnessed the burgeoning of life narratives lending voice to the oppressed, dispossessed, and the colonized marginalities of race, class or gender across the world. A large number of autobiographical and biographical narratives that have appeared on the literary scene have started articulating their ordeals and their struggle for survival. The Aboriginals in Australia have started candidly articulating their side of story, exposing the harassment and oppression of their people in Australia. These oppressed communities find themselves sandwiched and strangled under the mainstream politics of multiculturalism, assimilation and secularism.
The present paper seeks to analyze how life writing serves the purpose of history in celebrated Australian novelist, Aboriginal historian and social activist Ruby Langford’s autobiographical narrative, Don’t Take Your Love to Town. The Colonial historiography of Australian settlement has never accepted the fact of displacement and eviction of the Aboriginals from their land and culture. The whites systematically transplanted Anglo-Celtic culture and identity in the land of Australia which was belonged to the indigenous for centuries. Don’t Take Your Love to Town reconstructs the debate on history of the colonial settlement and status of Aboriginals under subsequent government policies like reconciliation, assimilation and multiculturalism. The paper is an attempt to gaze the assimilation policy adopted by the state to bring the Aboriginals into the mainstream politics and society on the one hand, and the regular torture, exploitation and cultural degradation of the Aboriginals recorded in the text on the other. In this respect the paper sees how Langford encounters British history of Australian settlement and the perspectives of Australian state towards the Aboriginals. The politics of mainstream culture, religion, race and ethnicity, which is directly or indirectly responsible for the condition of the Aboriginals, is also the part of discussion in the paper.
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Saki, Michi. "JALT2014 Plenary Speaker article: Investigating concepts of desire, gender, and identity in language learners." Language Teacher 38, no. 4 (July 1, 2014): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37546/jalttlt38.4-4.
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An interview with Kimie Takahashi, International Christian University, Tokyo Sponsored by the Gender Awareness in Language Education (GALE) SIG Over the course of her international career as a sociolinguist, Kimie Takahashi has spent many years working in Australia and Thailand. She has published widely on gender, race, and language learning, which she addresses in her new book Language Learning, Gender and Desire: Japanese Women on the Move (2013, Multilingual Matters). Takahashi is also the co-founder of the sociolinguistics website Language on the Move <languageonthemove.org>. In this interview, Takahashi discusses the motivation behind her research and the concept of akogare and its relationship with second language learning. With many of our students learning English being women, the concepts behind Takahashi’s research is of great interest to any language teacher—male or female. Such knowledge can help deepen our understanding of language learning and of our students. The title of her JALT2014 talk is Gendering Intercultural Communication—Asian Women on the Move. Takahashi completed her doctorate with the University of Sydney in 2006, and is now Visiting Associate Professor in the Department of Society, Culture, and Media at the International Christian University, Tokyo. Takahashi’s research interests focus on gender, race, bilingualism, and second language learning and use in transnational contexts.
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D'Cruz, Glenn. "‘Class’ and Political Theatre: the Case of Melbourne Workers Theatre." New Theatre Quarterly 21, no. 3 (July 18, 2005): 207–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266464x05000114.
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Traditionally, class has been an important category of identity in discussions of political theatre. However, in recent years the concept has fallen out of favour, partly because of changes in the forces and relations of capitalist production. The conventional Marxist use of the term, which defined an individual's class position in relation to the position they occupied in the capitalist production process, seemed anachronistic in an era of globalization. Moreover, the rise of identity politics, queer theory, feminism, and post-colonialism have proffered alternative categories of identity that have displaced class as the primary marker of self. Glenn D'Cruz reconsiders the role of class in the cultural life of Australia by examining the recent work of Melbourne Workers Theatre, a theatre company devoted to promoting class-consciousness, in relation to John Frow's more recent re-conceptualization of class. He looks specifically at two of the company's plays, the award-winning Who's Afraid of the Working Class? and The Waiting Room, with reference to Frow's work on class, arguing that these productions articulate a more complex and sophisticated understanding of class and its relation to politics of race and gender today. Glenn D'Cruz teaches drama and cultural studies at Deakin University, Australia.
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Hall, Robert A. "War's End: How did the war affect Aborigines and Islanders?" Queensland Review 3, no. 1 (April 1996): 31–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1321816600000660.
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In the 20 years before the Second World War the frontier war dragged to a close in remote parts of north Australia with the 1926 Daly River massacre and the 1928 Coniston massacre. There was a rapid decline in the Aboriginal population, giving rise to the idea of the ‘dying race’ which had found policy expression in the State ‘Protection’ Acts. Aboriginal and Islander labour was exploited under scandalous rates of pay and conditions in the struggling north Australian beef industry and the pearling industry. In south east Australia, Aborigines endured repressive white control on government reserves and mission stations described by some historians as being little better than prison farms. A largely ineffectual Aboriginal political movement with a myriad of organisations, none of which had a pan-Aboriginal identity, struggled to make headway against white prejudice. Finally, in 1939, John McEwen's ‘assimilation policy’ was introduced and, though doomed to failure, it at least recognised that Aborigines had a place in Australia in the long term.
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Andrews, Kylie. "Broadcasting inclusion and advocacy: a history of female activism and cross-cultural partnership at the post-war ABC." Media International Australia 174, no. 1 (September 18, 2019): 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x19876331.
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During the first decade of television in Australia, a cohort of female broadcasters used their hard-won positions at the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC) to challenge the social and cultural complacencies of post-war society. Counteracting the assumption that women were largely absent in post-war broadcasting, this research discusses how two of these producers used their roles as public broadcasters to enact their own version of feminism, a social and cultural activism framed through active citizenship. Critiquing race, gender and national identity in their programmes, they partnered with Indigenous Australian activists and worked to amplify the voices of minorities. Referring to documentaries produced in Australian television’s formative years, this article describes how ABC producers Therése Denny and Joyce Belfrage worked to disrupt programming cultures that privileged homogeneous Anglo-Australian perspectives. As a consequence, documentaries like A Changing Race (1964) presented empathetic and evocative content that challenged xenophobic stereotypes and encouraged cross-cultural understandings.
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Drew, Christopher. "The Spirit of Australia: Learning about Australian Childhoods in Qantas Commercials." Global Studies of Childhood 1, no. 4 (January 1, 2011): 321–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2304/gsch.2011.1.4.321.
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For over a decade the Qantas Spirit of Australia advertising campaign has worked to incite pride and nostalgia in Australian consumers. Its widespread success has led to four renewed television commercials, strategically released to coincide with key (inter)national sporting events, including the 2000 Sydney Olympics and the 2004 Rugby World Cup. All four Spirit commercials feature children singing Peter Allen's I Still Call Australia Home in picturesque global and national landscapes. As a result of the Spirit campaign's widespread success, Peter Allen's song has become almost synonymous with the Qantas brand. The iconic Spirit commercials are exemplary in (re)affirming the public consciousness towards Australian childhood identity. Exploring national issues of freedom, race, youth and adventure, the commercials are situated among diverse social signs that attempt to typify Australian children. Influenced by post-structural theoretical frames, the author analyses the ‘social’ semiotic dimensions of these advertisements. His intention is to contribute to understandings of the discursive constitution of Australian childhoods in advertising. The unique iconic status of the Spirit campaign, he argues, lies in its capacity to be commensurate with, and (re)affirm, Australia's public perceptions of self and community.
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Pearson, D. J., and J. E. Kinnear. "A Review of The Distribution, Status and Conservation of Rock-wallabies in Western Australia." Australian Mammalogy 19, no. 2 (1996): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am97137.
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Western Australia has five species of rock-wallabies. Petrogale brachyotis, Petrogale burbidgei and Petrogale concinna occur in wet-dry tropical habitats in the Kimberley region. Petrogale rothschildi is a Pilbara region endemic, while Petrogale lateralis has the largest distribution, extending from the south-west Kimberley to islands off the southern coastline. There have been few collections of the three species restricted to the Kimberley. Their small size, secretive disposition and variable pelage have hampered field identification, and thus, understanding of their distribution and status. The populations of all three are currently believed to be stable and their status is considered secure. Petrogale rothschildi is known from the Hamersley and Chichester Ranges, the east Pilbara, the Burrup Peninsula and four islands in the Dampier Archipelago. It is abundant on three of these islands but has declined on Dolphin island. The status of the mainland populations is uncertain. Petrogale lateralis is a diverse species, with two subspecies and two chromosomal races occurring in WA. Petrogale lateralis hacketti is restricted to three islands in the Archipelago of the Recherche. Petrogale lateralis lateralis has declined throughout its mainland range, with extant populations known from six localities in the Wheatbelt; Cape Range; the Calvert Range; and Barrow and Salisbury Islands. It may still be extant in Kalbarri National Park. Petrogale lateralis West Kimberley race has a restricted distribution but appears secure, while P. lateralis MacDonnell Ranges race has declined markedly in recent years. Fox predation has been implicated in the decline of some populations of P. lateralis and P. rothschildi. The impact of factors such as competition from introduced grazers (stock, rabbits, goats), fire and habitat clearing have not been examined. Increased control of exotic predators, taxonomic research to clarify the identity of unsampled populations and field surveys are needed to improve the conservation outlook for WA rock-wallabies.
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Sheppard, Benjamin, and Peter Burke. "The Bureau for the Organisation of Origins." Art & the Public Sphere 8, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 183–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/aps_00017_7.
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The Bureau for the Organisation of Origins (BOO) is an ongoing, multidisciplinary and collaborative artistic project. It assumes the framework of a bureaucratic entity to provide a relational context for a range of creative gestures. The breadth of contributions facilitated by The BOO span crucial sociopolitical works of protest to banal expressions of an opaque bureaucracy. These are arranged in dialogue surrounding issues of group identity, race politics and socio-institutional policy in Australia with a global outlook. The BOO is a flexible and accommodating entity that incorporates individuated practices that traverse nations, institutions, disciplines, identities and genders. It serves to remind us that nation states are evolving, malleable governance projects that require constant consideration and critique. This critical scrutiny has ramifications for associated identities and is all part of our public service.
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Pietsch, Tamson. "A British sea: making sense of global space in the late nineteenth century." Journal of Global History 5, no. 3 (October 27, 2010): 423–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022810000215.
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AbstractIt is the contention of this article that historians of the nineteenth century need to think about notions of empire, nation, and race in the context of the social production of space. More specifically, it posits that the moving space of the steamship functioned as a particularly important site in which travellers reworked ideas about themselves and their worlds. Supporting this contention the article pays close attention to the journeys of J. T. Wilson, a young Scottish medical student who between 1884 and 1887 made three voyages to China and one to Australia. For it was in the space of the ship, literally moving along the routes of global trade, that Wilson forged a particular kind of British identity that collapsed the spaces of empire, elided differences among Britons and extended the boundaries of the British nation.
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Mason, Gail. "A Picture of Bias Crime in New South Wales." Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 11, no. 1 (March 27, 2019): 47–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v11.i1.6402.
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Bias Crime is crime where the victim is targeted because of an aspect of their identity, including race, ethnicity, religion or sexuality. It is an extreme manifestation of cultural tension and conflict. Bias crime remains under-researched in Australia. While there has been some investigation into different types of bias crime, such as racist and homophobic offences, there is little analysis of the nature and extent of bias crime across these categories. For the first time, this article presents the results of a study into official records of bias crime held by the New South Wales Police Force. The study shows that crimes motivated by bias based on the victim’s race/ethnicity and religion are by far the most common types of bias crime reported in NSW. People from Asian, Indian/Pakistani and Muslim backgrounds are the most likely victims to report bias crime. The study also shows that there is much work to be done to encourage bias crime reporting amongst marginalised communities and improve the capacity of police to identify and accurately record bias crime. We argue that civil society has an important role to play in building partnerships with police to achieve positive change in the policing of bias crime.
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Swann, Christine A., Rory M. Hope, and William G. Breed. "cDNA nucleotide sequence encoding the ZPC protein of Australian hydromyine rodents: a novel sequence of the putative sperm-combining site within the family Muridae." Zygote 10, no. 4 (October 31, 2002): 291–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0967199402004021.
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This comparative study of the cDNA sequence of the zona pellucida C (ZPC) glycoprotein in murid rodents focuses on the nucleotide and amino acid sequence of the putative sperm-combining site. We ask the question: Has divergence evolved in the nucleotide sequence of ZPC in the murid rodents of Australia? Using RT-PCR and (RACE) PCR, the complete cDNA coding region of ZPC in the Australian hydromyine rodents Notomys alexis and Pseudomys australis, and a partial cDNA sequence from a third hydromyine rodent, Hydromys chrysogaster, has been determined. Comparison between the cDNA sequences of the hydromyine rodents reveals that the level of amino acid sequence identity between N. alexis and P. australis is 96%, whereas that between the two species of hydromyine rodents and M. musculus and R. norvegicus is 88% and 87% respectively. Despite being reproductively isolated from each other, the three species of hydromyine rodents have a 100% level of amino acid sequence identity at the putative sperm-combining site. This finding does not support the view that this site is under positive selective pressure. The sequence data obtained in this study may have important conservation implications for the dissemination of immunocontraception directed against M. musculus using ZPC antibodies.
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Kabir, Nahid Afrose. "Australian Muslim Citizens." Australian Journal of Islamic Studies 5, no. 2 (September 27, 2020): 4–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.55831/ajis.v5i2.273.
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Muslims have a long history in Australia. In 2016, Muslims formed 2.6 per cent of the total Australian population. In this article, I will discuss Australian Muslims’ citizenship in two time periods, 2006–2018 and 2020. In the first period, I will examine Australian Muslims’ identity and sense of belonging, and whether their race or culture have any impact on their Australian citizenship. I will also discuss the political rhetoric concerning Australian Muslims. In the second period, 2020, I will examine Australian Muslims’ placement as returned travellers during the COVID-19 period. I conclude that, from 2006 to 2018, Islamophobia was rampant in “othering” many Australian Muslims. And in 2020 the Australian government has adopted a policy of inclusion by repatriating its citizens (both Muslims and non-Muslims), but with the COVID-19 crisis, a new dimension of discrimination has been added onto ethnic minorities – in this case Bangladeshi Australians who are mostly Muslims. They are now looked upon as the “other quarantined” or “detained Australian citizens”.
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Berson, Josh. "The Dialectal Tribe and the Doctrine of Continuity." Comparative Studies in Society and History 56, no. 2 (April 2014): 381–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0010417514000085.
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AbstractIn Australia, applicants for native title—legal recognition of proprietary interest in land devolving from traditions predating colonization—must meet a stringent standard of continuity of social identity since before the advent of Crown sovereignty. As courts and the legislature have gravitated toward an increasingly strict application of the continuity doctrine, anthropologists involved in land claims cases have found themselves rehearsing an old debate in Australian anthropology over the degree to which post-contact patterns of subsistence, movement, and ritual enactment can support inferences about life in precontact Australia. In the 1960s, at the dawn of the land claims era, a handful of anthropologists shifted the debate to an ecological plane. Characterizing Australia on the cusp of colonization as a late Holocene climax human ecosystem, they argued that certain recently observed patterns in the distribution of marks of social cohesion (mutual intelligibility of language, systems of classificatory kinship) could not represent the outcome of such a climax ecosystem and must indicate disintegration of Aboriginal social structures since contact. Foremost among them was Joseph Birdsell, for whom linguistic boundaries, under climax conditions, would self-evidently be congruent with boundaries in breeding pools. Birdsell's intervention came just as the Northern Territory Supreme Court was hearing evidence on the value of dialect as a marker of membership in corporate landholding groups in Yolngu country, and offers an object lesson in how language, race, mode of subsistence, and law come together in efforts to answer the questions “Who was here first?” and “Are those people still here?”
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Adamson, Elizabeth, and James A. Smith. "Exploring the Links between Fathering, Masculinities and Health and Well-Being for Migrant Fathers: Implications for Policy and Practice." International Journal of Mens Social and Community Health 3, no. 2 (September 8, 2020): e58-e65. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/ijmsch.v3i2.36.
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Fathers’ uptake of paternity leave and care of children is shaped by various factors, including structuralbarriers and gender norms, which influence masculine identity formation. Such barriers to accessing leave and caring for children are thus influenced by a complex intersection of individual and institutional factors. Focusing on Australia, this article looks at migrant fathers’ decisions about parental leave and caregiving, and its intersection with gender (masculinities) and culture (race/ethnicity). We do so to unpack the structural barriers these men face, including those that influence their (mental) health and well-being. The authors identify a gap in research, and argue that there is a need to better understand the intersection of gender and culture on migrant fathers’ decisions to access parental leave and care for children. A better understanding of these decisions is integral to building better policy and programme supports for different groups of fathers and, ultimately, improving their mental health and well-being. It also identifies the need for research and policy to recognise the diversity of “migrant” fathers in both quantitative and qualitative research.
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Kuo, Mei-fen. "Confucian Heritage, Public Narratives and Community Politics of Chinese Australians at the Beginning of the Twentieth Century." Journal of Chinese Overseas 9, no. 2 (2013): 212–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/17932548-12341260.
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Abstract This paper focuses on the meanings of Confucian heritage for the Chinese ethnic community at the time Australia became a Federation. It will argue that public narratives about Confucian heritage provided a new agency for mobilizing urban Chinese Australian communities. These narratives politicized culture, helped to shape Chinese ethnic identity and diasporic nationalism over time. The appearance of narratives on Confucian heritage in the late 19th century reflected the Chinese community’s attempt to differentiate and redefine itself in an increasingly inimical racist environment. The fact that Chinese intellectuals interpreted Confucian heritage as symbolic of their distinctiveness does not necessarily mean that the Chinese community as a whole aligned themselves with the Confucianism revival movement. By interpreting Confucian heritage as a national symbol, Chinese Australian public narratives reflected a national history in which the Chinese community blended Confucian heritage into a nationalist discourse. This paper argues that this interpretation of Confucian heritage reflects the Chinese community’s attempts to redefine their relationship with the non-Chinese culture, they were a part of, in ways which did not draw on colour or race.
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Wolday, A., T. Fetch, D. P. Hodson, W. Cao, and S. Briere. "First Report of Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici Races with Virulence to Wheat Stem Rust Resistance Genes Sr31 and Sr24 in Eritrea." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (December 2011): 1591. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-11-0582.
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Wheat stem rust, caused by Puccinia graminis f. sp. tritici, has historically been a major limiting factor in wheat production. Identification of isolate Ug99 in Uganda in 1999 highlighted the vulnerability of a large proportion of the global wheat crop and raised international concerns. Since initial detection, seven races have been identified in the Ug99 lineage and occurrence has been confirmed in nine countries (4). During rust surveys of Eritrea undertaken in October 2010, stem rust was found to be widespread throughout the highland wheat-growing areas. Presence of P. graminis f. sp. tritici was recorded in 95% of the 92 cereal fields surveyed, with high disease severity (>40%) recorded at 50 sites. Collected stem rust samples were analyzed for race identity in a level 3 biocontainment laboratory in Canada. Nine collections yielded viable spores for infection studies. Virulence analysis with 20 differentials in the letter-code nomenclature system (1) identified two races from repeated experiments; TTKST (four confirmed isolates) and PTKST (five confirmed isolates). Both races belong to the Ug99 lineage and both exhibit combined Sr31 and Sr24 virulence. TTKST and PTKST differ only in their virulence or avirulence to Sr21, respectively. This first confirmation of TTKST and PTKST in Eritrea is important because it represents further geographical spread of Ug99-related races. Since first detection of a Sr24 variant of Ug99 (race TTKST) in Kenya in 2006 (1), these variants have become the predominant P. graminis f. sp. tritici pathotypes in most of eastern Africa. Race TTKST caused epidemics in Kenya in 2007, and race PTKST was first detected in Ethiopia the same year (T. Fetch, unpublished data). Recent detection of race PTKST in three additional southern Africa countries (South Africa, Zimbabwe, and Mozambique [2,3]) indicates on-going range expansion within the African continent. Sr24-virulent variants of Ug99 are a cause for concern since a high frequency of cultivars from South America, Australia, the United States, and the CIMMYT are known to possess the Sr24 resistance gene. On the basis of observed occurrence and postulated migration routes of the original Ug99 (race TTKSK), the confirmed presence of TTKST and PTKST in Eritrea increases the possibility for range expansion out of Africa by crossing the Red Sea and into the Arabian Peninsula. Future spread of TTKST and PTKST to western Asia is considered highly likely. References: (1) Y. Jin et al. Plant Dis. 92:923, 2008. (2) F. Mukoyi et al. Plant Dis. 95:1188, 2011. (3) Z. A. Pretorius et al. Plant Dis. 94:784, 2010. (4) R. P. Singh et al. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 49:465, 2011.
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Umaefulam, Valerie, Tessa Kleissen, and Cheryl Barnabe. "The representation of Indigenous peoples in chronic disease clinical trials in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States." Clinical Trials 19, no. 1 (January 6, 2022): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/17407745211069153.
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Background Indigenous peoples are overrepresented with chronic health conditions and experience suboptimal outcomes compared with non-Indigenous peoples. Genetic variations influence therapeutic responses, thus there are potential risks and harm when extrapolating evidence from the general population to Indigenous peoples. Indigenous population–specific clinical studies, and inclusion of Indigenous peoples in general population clinical trials, are perceived to be rare. Our study (1) identified and characterized Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials and (2) identified the representation of Indigenous peoples in general population chronic disease trials conducted in Australia, Canada, New Zealand, and the United States. Methods For Objective 1, publicly available clinical trial registries were searched from May 2010 to May 2020 using Indigenous population–specific terms and included for data extraction if in pre-specified chronic disease. For identified trials, we extracted Indigenous population group identity and characteristics, type of intervention, and funding type. For Objective 2, a random selection of 10% of registered clinical trials was performed and the proportion of Indigenous population participants enrolled extracted. Results In total, 170 Indigenous population–specific chronic disease trials were identified. The clinical trials were predominantly behavioral interventions (n = 95). Among general population studies, 830 studies were randomly selected. When race was reported in studies (n = 526), Indigenous individuals were enrolled in 172 studies and constituted 5.6% of the total population enrolled in those studies. Conclusion Clinical trials addressing chronic disease conditions in Indigenous populations are limited. It is crucial to ensure adequate representation of Indigenous peoples in clinical trials to ensure trial data are applicable to their clinical care.
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Green, Meredith J., Christopher C. Sonn, and Jabulane Matsebula. "Reviewing Whiteness: Theory, Research, and Possibilities." South African Journal of Psychology 37, no. 3 (August 2007): 389–419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/008124630703700301.
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This article is a review of the concept of whiteness and how the power and privilege of whiteness is reproduced within societies such as Australia and South Africa. As well as providing a broad overview of whiteness, our aim is to highlight and establish dialogue about how research on whiteness may contribute to decolonisation and work towards social justice. The review begins by outlining the meanings and complexity of whiteness. Having established some parameters for understanding whiteness, the second part of the article focuses on how whiteness reproduces itself. Three different, but related, practices or mechanisms through which whiteness is reproduced have been identified in the literature. These are knowledge and history construction, national identity and belonging, and anti-racism practice. In conclusion, we briefly discuss how we are investigating whiteness further in relation to pedagogy and applied research. While this article is not aimed at providing a complete review of whiteness, it does provide a background against which we can start thinking differently about racism, race relations, and anti-racism. These different ways of thinking include interrogating power and privilege in the analysis of racism, which in turn may lead to more effective and critical action addressing racism.
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GRUNDLINGH, ALBERT. "THE KING'S AFRIKANERS? ENLISTMENT AND ETHNIC IDENTITY IN THE UNION OF SOUTH AFRICA'S DEFENCE FORCE DURING THE SECOND WORLD WAR, 1939–45." Journal of African History 40, no. 3 (November 1999): 351–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021853799007537.
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In contrast to the situation in Commonwealth countries such as Canada and Australia, South Africa's participation in the Second World War has not been accorded a particularly significant place in the country's historiography. In part at least, this is the result of historiographical traditions which, although divergent in many ways, have a common denominator in that their various compelling imperatives have despatched the Second World War to the periphery of their respective scholarly discourses.Afrikaner historians have concentrated on wars on their ‘own’ soil – the South African War of 1899–1902 in particular – and beyond that through detailed analyses of white politics have been at pains to demonstrate the inexorable march of Afrikanerdom to power. The Second World War only featured insofar as it related to internal Afrikaner political developments. Neither was the war per se of much concern to English-speaking academic historians, either of the so-called liberal or radical persuasion. For more than two decades, the interests of English-speaking professional historians have been dominated by issues of race and class, social structure, consciousness and the social effects of capitalism. While the South African War did receive some attention in terms of capitalist imperialist expansion, the Second World War was left mostly to historians of the ‘drum-and-trumpet’ variety. In general, the First and Second World Wars did not appear a likely context in which to investigate wider societal issues in South Africa.
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Morris, Shireen. "Love in the High Court: Implications for Indigenous Constitutional Recognition." Federal Law Review 49, no. 3 (May 24, 2021): 410–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0067205x211016584.
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This article considers implications of the recent Love decision in the High Court for the debate about Indigenous constitutional recognition and a First Nations constitutional voice. Conceptually, it considers how the differing judgments reconcile the sui generis position of Indigenous peoples under Australian law with the theoretical ideal of equality—concepts which are in tension both in the judicial reasoning and in constitutional recognition debates. It also discusses the judgments’ limited findings on Indigenous sovereignty, demonstrating the extent to which this is predominantly a political question that cannot be adequately resolved by courts. Surviving First Nations sovereignty can best be recognised and peacefully reconciled with Australian state sovereignty through constitutional reform authorised by Parliament and the people. The article then discusses political ramifications. It argues that allegations of judicial activism enlivened by this case, rather than demonstrating the risks of a First Nations voice, in fact illustrate the foresight of the proposal: a First Nations voice was specifically designed to be non-justiciable and therefore intended to address such concerns. Similarly, objections that this case introduced a new, race-based distinction into the Constitution are misplaced. Such race-based distinctions already exist in the Constitution’s text and operation. The article then briefly offers high-level policy suggestions addressing two practical issues arising from Love. With respect to the three-part test of Indigenous identity, it suggests a First Nations voice should avoid the unjustly onerous burdens of proof that are perpetuated in some of the reasoning in Love. It also proposes policy incentives to encourage Indigenous non-citizens resident in Australia to seek Australian citizenship, helping to prevent threats of deportation like those faced by Love and Thoms.
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Cheng, Manqing. "AUKUS: The Changing Dynamic and Its Regional Implications." European Journal of Development Studies 2, no. 1 (February 3, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejdevelop.2022.2.1.63.
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A historic security deal was announced on 15 September 2021. The strategic partnership amalgamating the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia is contrived to share advanced defence know-how and equip Australian forces with the nuclear-powered submarines. Attentions mount to the partnership’s ultimate purpose and implications for other countries. France expressed fury over its loss of the lucrative submarine deal by the scuppered pact. China sees itself as the target of the new grouping. Although reactions vary, the ASEAN generally views the enunciation of AUKUS as deteriorating the geopolitical situation in the region. Why have the three member states initiated such trilateral defence agreement? This article analyses that the audacious enlistment marks a shift in US global strategy, redistributing its forces by empowering its allies to strengthen military capabilities around the Indo-Pacific. It represents Australian eager to project power up to shape the security environment more in Australia’s favour, enhance its status and influence within the American alliance system and heighten its Anglophone identity. This article contends that the advent of a new inner Anglosphere core has disturbed the regional order by potentially escalating arms race, increasing regional tensions and undermining relevant institutions of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons.
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Joseph, Pauline. "A case study of records management practices in historic motor sport." Records Management Journal 26, no. 3 (November 21, 2016): 314–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/rmj-08-2015-0031.
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Purpose This paper aims to report on empirical research that investigated the records management practices of two motor sport community-based organisations in Australia. Design/methodology/approach This multi-method case study was conducted on the regulator of motor sport, the Confederation of Australian Motor Sport Ltd (CAMS) and one affiliated historic car club, the Vintage Sports Car Club (VSCC), in Western Australia. Data were gathered using an online audit tool and by interviewing selected stakeholders in these organisations about their organisation’s records management practices. Findings The findings confirm that these organisations experience significant information management challenges, including difficulty in capturing, organising, managing, searching, accessing and preserving their records and archives. Hence, highlighting their inability to manage records advocated in the best practice Standard ISO 15489. It reveals the assumption of records management roles by unskilled members of the group. It emphasises that community-based organisations require assistance in managing their information management assets. Research limitations/implications This research focused on the historic car clubs; hence, it did not include other Australian car clubs in motor sport. Although four historical car clubs, one in each Australian state, were invited to participate, only the VSCC participated. This reduced the sample size to only one CAMS-affiliated historical car club in the study. Hence, further research is required to investigate the records management practices of other CAMS affiliated car clubs in all race disciplines and to confirm whether they experienced similar information management challenges. Comments from key informants in this project indicated that this is likely the case. Practical implications The research highlights risks to the motor sport community’s records and archives. It signals that without leadership by the sport’s governing body, current records and community archives of CAMS and its affiliated car clubs are in danger of being inaccessible, hence lost. Social implications The research highlights the risks in preserving the continuing memory of records and archives in leisure-based community organisations and showcases the threats in preserving its cultural identity and history. Originality/value It is the first study examining records management practices in the serious leisure sector using the motor sport community.
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Pretorius, Z. A., W. H. P. Boshoff, and G. H. J. Kema. "First Report of Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici on Wheat in South Africa." Plant Disease 81, no. 4 (April 1997): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1997.81.4.424d.
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During August 1996, stripe (yellow) rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici, was observed for the first time on bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) in the Western Cape, South Africa. Ensuing surveys during the growing season indicated that stripe rust occurred throughout most of the wheat-producing areas in the winter rainfall regions of the Northern, Western, and Eastern Cape provinces. The disease was also observed on irrigated wheat in the summer rainfall area south of Kimberley. Stripe rust was most severe in the Western Cape, where prolonged cool and wet conditions favored epidemic development and necessitated extensive and often repeated applications of triazole fungicides. Due to spike infection and destruction of foliage, significant losses in grain quantity and quality occurred in certain fields. Avirulence/virulence characteristics of 32 stripe rust isolates, collected from commercial wheat fields, trap nurseries, and triticale, were determined on 17 standard differential wheat lines and seven supplementary testers supplied by C. R. Wellings, Plant Breeding Institute, Cobbitty, Australia. All isolates were representative of one pathotype, characterized by avirulence to Chinese 166 (Yr1), Vilmorin 23 (Yr3), Moro (Yr10), Strubes Dickkopf, Suwon 92/Omar, Clement (Yr2,9), Triticum aestivum subsp. spelta var. album (Yr5), Hybrid 46 (Yr4), Reichersberg 42 (Yr7), Heines Peko (Yr2,6), Nord Desprez (Yr3), Carstens V, Spaldings Prolific, Heines VII (Yr2), Federation*4/Kavkaz (Yr9), and Avocet-S/Yr15, and by virulence to Kalyansona (Yr2), Heines Kolben (Yr2,6), Lee (Yr7), Compair (Yr8), and Federation 1221. Cultivars Trident (Yr17), Avocet-R (YrA), and Selkirk (YrSk) appeared heterogeneous for stripe rust reaction. The pathotype resembled race 6E16, previously detected in East and North Africa, the Middle East, and western Asia. Pathotype identity was confirmed at IPO-DLO, Wageningen, using one South African isolate of P. striiformis f. sp. tritici. In view of the rapid dispersal of the pathogen during 1996, susceptibility of several high-yielding cultivars, and favorable climatic conditions in many wheat-growing areas, stripe rust is considered potentially damaging to South African wheat production. Field observations and seedling tests have shown, however, that certain cultivars are resistant to the introduced pathotype. At present the genetic basis of this resistance is largely unknown.
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Handayani, Diah. "Political Identity, Popular Culture, and Ideological Coercion: The Discourses of Feminist Movement in the Report of Ummi Magazine." Jurnal Pemberdayaan Masyarakat: Media Pemikiran dan Dakwah Pembangunan 5, no. 1 (June 18, 2021): 185–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/jpm.2021.051-08.
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This research examines the rise of Islamic populism in Indonesia and understands it as an instrument to clear a new pathway for populism movement into popular culture. Ummi magazine is one of the religious media used to be political vehicles of stablishing constituencies, especially for the Tarbiyah movement in the Soeharto era to the current tendency to popularize the Tarbiyah identity as a new lifestyle. Historically, The Tarbiyah movement in Indonesia is a social and political movement among Indonesian Muslimah students, especially activists in the Suharto period. Muslim middle class entrepreneurs launched a campaign of ‘economic jihad. This research uses a qualitative approach by interpreting and studying the data contained in Ummi Magazine. Media studies were carried out in the January 2017 to 2018 editions. The data obtained were described and associated with the magazine's transformation as an ideological medium and Muslim women's lifestyle today. The result shows that the magazine's transformation from ideology magazine to lifestyle magazine can influence readers because there are more new readers. Whether Ummi as a media for da'wah and a women's magazine, it is still perceived by the readers to apply ideological coercion or simply provide an alternative lifestyle or consumption where religious independence is the main characteristic of the magazine. We argue that Islamic populism is mainly a medium for coercion ideology to gain tracks to power, while the poor remain as ‘floating mass’, and entrapped in many so-called 'empowerment' projects. Populism can be interpreted as a communication style in which a group of politicians considers themselves to represent the people’s interests contrasted with elite interests. Nevertheless, the populism approach is gaining momentum. Abdullah, I. (1996). Tubuh, Kesehatan, dan Struktur yang Melemahkan Wanita. Kumpulan Makalah Seminar Bulanan. Pusat Penelitian Kependudukan UGM.Al-Abani, S. M. 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