Journal articles: 'Italians – Belgium'

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ZAVATTARO, M., C. SUSANNE, and M. VERCAUTEREN. "INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION AND BIODEMOGRAPHICAL BEHAVIOUR: A STUDY OF ITALIANS IN BELGIUM." Journal of Biosocial Science 29, no. 3 (July 1997): 345–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021932097003453.

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This paper describes the matrimonial and reproductive behaviour of Italians who migrated to Belgium after the Second World War. Migrants were either already married, or later became married, to other Italians. Among the children of migrants, men equally chose Italian or Belgian wives but women tended to prefer Italian partners. Italian-Belgian marriages were more frequent among the better educated groups. Family size is smaller among migrants marrying after migration and in heterogamous marriages. Significant differences in birth intervals are found when marriage occurred before or after migration, between generations, and between homogamous and heterogamous marriages.

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Beyers, Leen. "From Class to Culture: Immigration, Recession, and Daily Ethnic Boundaries in Belgium, 1940s–1990s." International Review of Social History 53, no. 1 (April 2008): 37–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859007003331.

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Each society has myths about the successful adaptation of former migrants. Historians need to deconstruct these myths by dealing with the imagined boundaries between “indigenous” and “foreign” people that give way to them. This essay does so by comparing how children of Polish interwar immigrants and children of Italian postwar immigrants came to be seen as insiders in the Belgian Limburg mining region. Oral testimonies, associational records, and population data reveal that Poles achieved the status of industrious, adapted people around 1960, due to the equal promotion of Polish and indigenous miners' sons in the mines and to the labour migration regime which constructed Italians as unskilled outsiders. Around 1980, the industrial recession caused unemployment among young Italians. However, migration politics has, since the recession, primarily focused on culture. Moreover, European legislation constructed foreignness as non-European. Consequently, it is not class, but European culture which has turned Italians into “integrated” people.

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Scioli1, Giuseppe A., José A. Carmona-Torres, Alex Paniccia, Andrea Battista, Ilaria Cavicchia, and Rachel M. Bishar. "A study on the perception of the stigma related to drug use in a sample of Italians and Belgians." Psychology, Society, & Education 7, no. 1 (April 30, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/psye.v7i1.536.

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ABSTRACT: The goal of the present study has been to exploratorily analyse the possible differences in perceived stigma on drug use between a sample of students and health services workers from Italy and Belgium. The Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS) (Luoma, Hair, Kohlenberg, Hayes, and Fletcher, 2010) was used. A total of 277 participants took part in this study. Outcomes showed that the perceived stigma among Italians was signifi- cantly higher (M = 23.68) than that reported by Belgians (M = 20.26). Authors argued that many factors (e.g., social, cultural, etc.) may explain the differences obtained. On the other hand, the existence of a stigma circuit (Scioli and Paniccia), which would share some similarities with the anxiety circuit, seems to trap the person in a vicious cycle of events that would make the relapse from addiction harder. The limitations and scope of the obtained results in the frame of this ex- ploratory study is discussed.Un estudio sobre la percepción del estigma asociado al consumo de drogas en una muestra de italianos y no italianosRESUMEN: El objetivo del presente estudio ha sido analizar de manera exploratoria las posibles diferencias en el estigma percibido asociado al consumo de drogas entre una muestra de estudiantes y trabajadores de los servicios de salud procedentes de Italia y Bélgica. Para este propósito, se utilizó el Perceived Stigma of Addiction Scale (PSAS) (Luoma, Hair, Kohlenberg, Hayes, y Fletcher, 2010). Un total de 277 participantes tomaron parte en este estudio. Los resultados mostraron que el estigma percibido entre los italianos fue significativamente mayor (M = 23.68) que el informado por la muestra de Bélgica (M = 20.26). Los autores argumentan que varios factores (e.g., sociales, culturales, etc.) explicarían las diferencias obtenidas. Por otro lado, la existencia de un circuito del estigma (Scioli y Paniccia), el cual compartiría ciertas similitudes con el circuito de la ansiedad, parece atrapar a la persona en un círculo vicioso de eventos que haría más difícil la recuperación de la adicción. Se discuten las limitaciones y el alcance de los resultados obtenidos en el marco del presente estudio exploratorio.

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Marzo, Stefania. "Rethinking italiano popolare for Heritage Italian." Quaderni d'italianistica 36, no. 2 (July 27, 2016): 201–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v36i2.26905.

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This article questions the long-standing assumption that heritage Italian can be characterized as italiano popolare on account of a number of similar non-standard features. It is argued that this is a problematic comparison due to some methodological lacunae in research into heritage Italian and that a systematic corpus-based analysis is needed in order to reveal its underlying sociolinguistic dynamics. This study focuses on a corpus of Italian spoken by the Italian community in Flanders (the Dutch-speaking part of Belgium) and presents a multivariate analysis of a set of morphosyntactic simplification features that have been labelled as typical of italiano popolare. It will be shown that the features of heritage Italian clearly correlate to a set of traditional language contact variables (e.g., contact with the home language and intergenerational transmission). This variation pattern shows that heritage Italian can no longer be connected to italiano popolare in the original sense of the term (viz. an interlanguage or diastratically lower regional Italian).

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Esherick, Joseph W. "The Origins of the Boxer War: A Multinational Study. By Lanxin Xiang. [London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2003. xvii +382 pp. $80.00. ISBN 0-7007-1563-0.]." China Quarterly 176 (December 2003): 1110–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741003370638.

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This old-fashioned political and diplomatic history of the conflict between the Qing court and foreign powers in 1900 makes a significant, if not always convincing, contribution to our understanding of the Boxer troubles. Arguing that previous studies have been flawed by an excessive focus on “the so-called ‘Boxer Rebellion’ ” (p. vii), this book focuses on how the Qing court came to declare war on the foreign powers in June of 1900. Its close analysis of court politics and actions of the foreign diplomatic corps in Beijing makes excellent use of archival records from Belgium, China, France, Germany, Great Britain, Italy, and the United States plus published documents from Russia and Japan – an impressive research accomplishment that adds an important new dimension to our understanding this critical moment in modern Chinese history.In four chapters tracing the background to the Boxer incident, Xiang argues that the death of Prince Gong in 1898 deprived the Qing court of a critical balancing figure. When southern reformers overplayed their hand in the 1898 reforms, the Empress Dowager responded in a coup that brought an incompetent group of ultra-conservative Manchu princelings to power. At the same time, a new kind of imperialism representing an “unholy alliance” of nationalist elites, commercial interests and Christian missionaries threatened China with the scramble for concessions. Xiang is particularly effective in describing the catch-up imperialism of Germany, spurred by the erratic Catholic bishop Anzer, and the “theatrical performance” of the Italians, whose rebuff by the Qing court emboldened the conservative princes.

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Deschouwer, Kris. "Waiting for 'The big one' : The uncertain survival of the Belgian Parties and Party Systems(S)." Res Publica 38, no. 2 (June 30, 1996): 295–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/rp.v38i2.18636.

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The Belgian party system is aften considered to be or to have been very stable. This article investigates the possibility of the Belgian parties and party systems to 'go Italian ', i.e. to be confronted with a radicial change resulting from a fundamental lack of legitimacy. This problem of legitimation can be expected from the fact that Belgium is a very consociational democracy, in which the parties play a very important role, but tend to become very entangled with the state. The split of the national parties and the federal reform of the state have made the decision-making structures even more complex than before, and have therefore not at all reduced the 'partitocratic' nature of the system. For these reasons a future Italian-style collapse of the parties and the party systems is certainly not to be excluded.

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Buzás, György Miklós. "Helicobacter pylori – 2012." Orvosi Hetilap 153, no. 36 (September 2012): 1407–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/oh.2012.29443.

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The author overviews some aspects of literature data of the past 2 years. Genetic research has dentified polymorphisms of Helicobacter pylori virulence factors and the host which could play a role in the clinical outcome of the infection (peptic ulcer or gastric cancer). So far they have been performed in research centers but with a decrease of costs, they will take their place in diagnosing the diseaes and tailoring the treatment. Antibiotic resistance is still growing in Southern European countries and is decreasing in Belgium and Scandinavia. Currently, the clarithromycin resistance rate is of 17–33% in Budapest and levofloxacin resistance achieved 27%. With careful assessment of former antibiotic use the resistance to certain antibiotics can be avoided and the rates of eradication improved. Immigration is a growing problem worldwide: according to Australian, Canadian and Texan studies, the prevalence of Helicobacter pylori is much higher in the immigrant groups than in the local population. An Italian study showed that the eradication rate of triple therapy is significantly lower in the Eastern European immigrants than in the Italians. A recent research has suggested a link between female/male infertility, habitual abortion and Helicobacter pylori infection. However, there are no published data or personal experience to show whether successful eradication of the virus in these cases is followed by successful pregnancies or not. The author overviews the Maastricht process and analyzes the provisions of the Maastricht IV/Florence consensus, in which the new diagnostic algorithms and indications of eradication therapy are reformulated according to the latest levels of evidence and recommendation grading. According to the “test and treat” strategy, either the urea breath test or the stool monoclonal antigen test are recommended as a non-invasive diagnostic method in primary care. Endoscopy is still recommended in case of alarm symptoms, complicated ulcer, or if there is a suspicion of malignancy or MALT lymphoma. Local resistance to clarithromycin and levofloxacin should be considered in the choice of first-line therapy, in case of levels >15–20% these compounds should not be used. In regions with low resistance rates, classical triple therapy remains the regimen of choice; its alternative is the bismuth-based quadruple therapy. Determining antimicrobial resistance is justified after failed second- or third-line therapies; where available, molecular methods (fluorescence in situ hybridization, polymerase chain reaction) should be used. As second/third line treatments, the sequential, bismuth-based quadruple, concomitant quadruple regimens, hybrid are all possible alternatives. The Hungarian diagnostic and therapeutic approach in practice is different in some aspects from the provisions of the European consensus. Orv. Hetil., 2012, 153, 1407–1418.

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Vander Mijnsbrugge, Kristine, Marc Schouppe, Stefaan Moreels, Yorrick Aguas Guerreiro, Laura Decorte, and Marie Stessens. "Influence of Water Limitation and Provenance on Reproductive Traits in a Common Garden of Frangula alnus Mill." Forests 13, no. 11 (October 22, 2022): 1744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13111744.

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Drought periods during the growing season will increase and intensify in Western Europe due to climate change. To better understand the consequences for woody perennials, we restricted watering of potted cuttings of Frangula alnus Mill. in a common garden setting in Belgium during the growing season of 2020. We focused on the responses of three provenances (Belgian, Italian and Swedish) for several reproductive traits in the year of the water limitation. F. alnus, as a shrub species, bears fruits fast. It can blossom on current season’s growth and can therefore produce ripened berries continuously during several months. The total berry count across the whole growing season was much lower in the water-limited plants, independent of the provenance. The local Belgian provenance produced more ripened berries in total than the Italian and Swedish provenances, both in the water-limited plants as in the control plants. Maximal berry production occurred in July. The control plants from the Belgian and Italian provenances displayed a second lower maximum in August. Mainly the Swedish provenance displayed a clear advancement of the maximum berry production among the water-limited plants in comparison to the control plants. Slight differences were detected in the average stone count per berry and in the average stone weight, with both traits displaying a single maximum through time. The Swedish provenance displayed the highest average stone count per berry and the Belgian provenance had the lightest average stone weight, both likely attributable to local adaptation. Remarkably, both stone traits were not affected by the water limitation. Results are discussed in the context of several drought response mechanisms including drought escape, drought avoidance, compensation growth, growth/reproduction trade-off and seed size/number trade-off.

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Foubert, Petra, Alexander Maes, and Michelle Wilms. "Qualitative employment relationships for Ph.D. students in the EU?" European Labour Law Journal 11, no. 1 (January 21, 2020): 48–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2031952519900995.

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This contribution intends to shed light on the working conditions of Belgian and Italian Ph.D. students, from the angle of EU law. In Belgium these (mostly young) researchers can be recruited either as ‘Ph.D. fellows’ or ‘teaching assistants’. Ph.D. fellows have a student-like status: they touch a fellowship exempt from personal income tax. However, social contributions are being withheld, for them to enjoy social security benefits and build up pension rights. Teaching assistants have an employee-like position: they receive a salary which is subject to personal income tax as well as to social security contributions. In Italy, Ph.D. students have a standard student-like status, comparable to Belgian Ph.D. fellows. The working hypothesis is that the pressure that (Belgian) universities experience to speed up research efforts (and outcomes) does not necessarily lead to qualitative (employment) relationships but may, instead, create some sort of precarious work. In light of the recent work-life balance Directive, this contribution will illustrate the differences in status with regard to paternity and parental leave.

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Clycq, Noel. "‘I’m a genuine Italian, but not a genuine Italian’: Complex and shifting strategies of ethnic and moral boundary making in the narratives of Italian minority parents in Flanders." Current Sociology 67, no. 3 (October 31, 2018): 365–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392118807521.

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It is well-documented in (ethnic) identity research that individuals to a large extent construct an identity they feel comfortable with. However, this is not an easy task and one’s identity is, for some more than for others, under constant pressure to be reflected upon and reconstructed. At the same time many individuals often feel that there is a core element in their (ethnic) identity that does not change and remains stable. Based upon 13 in-depth interviews with Italian origin parents in Flanders, this article discusses what might be a constant mechanism underlying identification processes for this group of individuals: the presentation of the self as morally good and valuable. However, to be able to do this, the Italian origin participants in this study have to develop a variety of sometimes contradictory strategies. In a Flemish society where their Italian ethnicity is not questioned or problematized, the participants seem very keen to underline how ethnically different from the Flemish-Belgian majority they are. Yet, at other times they present themselves as much more similar to this majority group when discussing other minority groups, in particular Muslims. However, the most striking group reconstruction occurs when participants use the example of ‘genuine Italians’ to differentiate themselves from a specific group of Italians, while at the same time stressing they are genuine Italians themselves. When studying these various strategies from the perspective of presentation of the self as morally good and valuable, it becomes clear why these seemingly contradictory strategies do not at all feel contradictory to the participants. The findings show how strong the need for such a recognition of the self is.

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van Meerhaeghe, Marcel A. G. "Protection of Competition in Belgium*." Journal of Public Finance and Public Choice 8, no. 2 (October 1, 1990): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/251569298x15668907345036.

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Abstract Le recenti leggi sulla concorrenza introdotte in alcuni Paesi europei sono basate sulle norme comunitarie. È questo il caso della legge italiana del 10 ottobre 1990 e del progetto di legge belga del 10 settembre 1990.In Belgio è in vigore la legge 27 maggio 1960 contro l’abuso di posizione dominante, mentre non hanno concluso l’iter parlamentare altri progetti di legge sulla politica della concorrenza elaborati successivamente.Pertanto, il testo da esaminare (confrontandolo con la legge italiana e anche con quella comunitaria) è il progetto di legge del settembre 1990.Un primo problema è dato dal fatto che il Trattato di Roma non definisce il concetto di «concorrenza». Questa lacuna caratterizza anche molte leggi nazionali, inclusa quella belga del 1960, che contiene definizioni alquanto approssimative di «abuso» e di «posizione dominante». Il progetto di legge definisce solo tre concetti: «undertaking», «posizione dominante” e «ministro». Neppure la legge italiana fornisce definizioni.Il progetto di legge propone l’istituzione di un «Consiglio della concorrenza», con compiti sia di decisione circa attività anti-concorrenziali, sia di consultazione, di sua iniziativa o su richiesta del Ministro degli affari economici.Il consiglio è composto di dodici membri, di cui sei (compreso il presidente ed il vice-presidente) appartenenti alla magistratura ed altri sei designati sulla base della loro specifica competenza. Dodici membri supplenti sono designati sulla stessa base. Le nomine durano sei mesi e sono effettuate su deliberazione del Consiglio dei ministri. È facile immaginare che la Commissione sulla concorrenza sarà sottoposta a notevoli pressioni politiche. Inoltre, si prevede una commissione di consiglieri, rappresentanti le parti sociali, la cui consultazione ritarderà certamente le procedure.Il sistema previsto dalla legge italiana sembra preferibile, sia perché assicura una maggiore indipendenza dal potere politico, sia perché è più agile.Per quanto riguarda le operazioni di concentrazione, il progetto belga richiede una percentuale della quota di mercato (il 20%) che è inferiore a quella prevista dalla regolamentazione CEE (il 25%) ed inoltre il fatturato minimo richiesto, pari ad un miliardo di franchi belgi, appare eccessivamente basso, anche confrontato con quello della legge italiana, che è circa 15 volte più elevato e da commisurare ad un prodotto interno lordo cinque volte maggiore.Le procedure previste dal progetto belga (come, peraltro, anche quelle comunitarie) sembrano richiedere un eccessivo lavoro burocratico, anche a danno della riservatezza.Uno dei timori suscitati dalla regolamentazione comunitaria, attraverso le deroghe ai divieti di comportamento anticoncorrenziale, è quello di voler dar luogo a politiche industriali o sociali, piuttosto che ad una politica della concorrenza. In una parola, vi è il rischio che prevalga la «politica” vera e propria.Per quanto riguarda i rapporti tra normativa comunitaria e leggi nazionali, è possibile che ambedue siano applicate, purché non venga pregiudicata l’applicazione uniforme delle norme comunitarie.Le autorità nazionali possono vietare accordi rispetto ai quali la Commissione abbia dichiarato di non intervenire. Oltre a svolgere un ruolo di consulenza nei riguardi della Comunità, gli Stati possono inserirsi nel procedimento comunitario. Di fatto, per gli attori puo essere preferibile ricorrere alla magistratura, la quale può decidere il pagamento dei danni, anziché limitarsi ad imporre multe, come fa la Commissione.Con riferimento al sistema belga, si può dubitare che un Paese con un territorio così limitato possa regolamentare le concentrazioni, le quali sono già oggetto di normative comunitarie.Appare inoltre sorprendente, sia nel rapporto belga che nella legge italiana, l’assenza di norme che sopprimano il controllo dei prezzi.Poiché sia la legge italiana che il progetto belga si basano sulla normativa comunitaria, per fame una valutazione complessiva bisogna fare riferimento a quest’ultima, la quale si fonda sulla legislazione anti-trust statunitense che, tuttavia, negli ultimi anni e stata sottoposta a numerose critiche.Appare sempre piu di frequente che monopoli ed oligopoli non siano cosl preoccupanti come si pensava in passato. In particolare, un sistema oligopolistico può essere nella sua essenza concorrenziale.Non sembra quindi opportuno che, di fronte ad una revisione sostanziale di molte idee tradizionali in tema di funzionamento dei mercati, la Commissione e gli Stati membri accentuino il controllo delle concentrazioni.La politica comunitaria non sembra aver avuto un’evoluzione logica e coerente. In passato le concentrazioni mediante fusione venivano incoraggiate; dopo le si è considerate con diffidenza.Gli stessi concetti di «mercato rilevante», «pratiche concertate» e «posizione dominante” sono cambiati nel corso del tempo.Data l’ispirazione liberale del Trattato di Roma, la determinazione del «valore economico” dovrebbe essere lasciata al mercato, senza porsi il problema di identificare prezzi che siano «eccessivi». Anche per quanto riguarda gli accordi di distribuzione esclusiva, non sono chiari i danni che potrebbero conseguirne.In conclusione, le autorità nazionali farebbero meglio se cercassero d’influire sulla politica comunitaria della concorrenza piuttosto che adottarla senza i necessari approfondimenti.

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Clycq, Noel. "From ‘people just like us’ to the ‘fundamentally other’ in an era of antiracism: The instrumental use of religion to exclude the other while avoiding stigma." Current Sociology 65, no. 5 (May 12, 2015): 717–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011392115583679.

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In an era wherein racism is strongly condemned, everyday processes of categorization and othering confront individuals with contradictions that need to be managed. This article discusses how some of the categorization processes that parents of Flemish and Italian origin – living in Flanders (Belgium) – use are based upon negative stereotyping of the other and clash with one’s general self-image of a tolerant and nonracist person. Consequently, the possibility of being stigmatized as racist needs to be managed and avoided. Rather than refraining from excluding and negatively stereotyping the other, individuals tend to develop new strategies. The family context proved to be an interesting context to study this management of the representation of the self, and of the other. An analysis of 27 interviews with Belgian and Italian origin parents in Flanders clarifies how the shifting of labels from the ‘ethnic other’ (Turks and Moroccans) to the ‘religious other’ (Muslims) is used to legitimize exclusion. The discourses reveal an instrumental use of the (re)labeling of the (same) other which offers parents a solution to achieve the same end-results – the exclusion of the other from the family context – without fearing stigmatization as racist.

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Marzo, Stefania. "From flamano to urban vernacular. Linguistic and meta-linguistic heritage of first generation miners in Flemish Limburg." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2019, no. 258 (August 27, 2019): 99–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2019-2030.

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Abstract This article explores the linguistic and meta-linguistic heritage of the Italian mine workers families that arrived in Belgian Limburg after the Second World War. On the basis of historical research, discourse analysis of texts and sociolinguistic interviews, I describe how the complex linguistic integration of first-generation migrants, that was scarcely noticed and debated until the 1960s, has been picked up and enregistered by second- and third-generation Italians in Limburg. I show how first generation’s hybrid linguistic practices have come to be linked to one particular mining city, the city of Genk, and enregistered as an urban vernacular of this place, although they still refer to the larger historical background they are rooted in. I explain this heritage in three steps. First, I describe the complex contact-linguistic situation of first-generation miners’ families. I will then present the linguistic consequences of this situation, by describing the emergence of a multilingual, but mainly French-based mining jargon among Flemish and foreign miners. In a third step, I place the social and linguistic situation of first-generation miners at the root of the linguistic practices of second- and third-generation Italians in Limburg.

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Stoop, Annerieke, Manon Lette, Simone de Bruin, Giel Nijpels, and Hein van Hout. "WHOM DO WE SERVE? DIVERSITY OF OLDER COMMUNITY CARE RECIPIENTS’ FUNCTIONING ACROSS EUROPE." Innovation in Aging 3, Supplement_1 (November 2019): S36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.142.

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Abstract Across Europe, an increasing number of older people with multiple health and social care needs stay in their own homes until old age. Community care aims to support them to live at home for as long as possible. Comparative studies showed that population characteristics of older community care recipients differ between European countries. This is due to differences in financing, delivery and governance of community care. However, little is known about differences in health, including physical, cognitive, mental and social functioning, of older community care recipients served across European countries. The aim of this study was to provide insight into these differences. We used data of the IBenC study, which was collected using the interRAI HC-Assessment among 2884 older community care recipients from six European countries: Belgium, Finland, Germany, Iceland, Italy and the Netherlands. We found that prevalences of impairments in different health domains were highest among Italian community care recipients followed by the Belgian population, and lowest among community care recipients from the Netherlands. Feelings of loneliness were lowest among the Italian and highest among the Dutch population. This variation between European countries may be explained by differences in eligibility for and access to formal community services and informal care provision as well as cultural diversity. Insight in these differences supports understanding of community care across Europe among European and national policy-makers and researchers.

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Kos, D., E. Kerckhofs, I. Carrea, R. Verza, M. Ramos, and J. Jansa. "Evaluation of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale in four different European countries." Multiple Sclerosis Journal 11, no. 1 (February 2005): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1191/1352458505ms1117oa.

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Objective: To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Modified Fatigue Impact Scale (MFIS) in four different European countries. Methods: Individuals with definite multiple sclerosis (MS) were selected from centres in Italy (n=50), Spain (n=30), Slovenia (n=50) and Belgium (n=51) and completed the MFIS and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) twice (interval ≤ 3 days). Results: In all four samples, the MFIS demonstrated a good reproducibility (intraclass correlation coefficient ≥ 0.84), with no significant differences between countries (P=0.77). Moderate correlations were found between the MFIS and FSS. No significant correlations were found between the MFIS and age, gender, type of MS, duration of the disease or EDSS score. Factor analysis of all samples (n=181) could not completely confirm the original assumptions concerning the physical, cognitive and psychosocial component. The total score, the physical and the cognitive subscale of the scale were homogeneous (Cronbach’s alpha 0.92, 0.88 and 0.92, respectively), but the psychosocial subscale had a Cronbach’s alpha of 0.65. Conclusions: No cultural or linguistic differences were found in the psychometric properties of the Belgian, Italian, Slovenian or Spanish version of the MFIS. We recommend this scale for research purposes and in clinical practice. Due to the limited value of the psychosocial subscale, we recommend interpreting this subscale with caution.

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Selvais, P. L., and M. P. Hermans. "CHARACTERIZATION OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS IN FIRST GENERATION ITALIAN MIGRANTS TO BELGIUM." Acta Clinica Belgica 60, no. 6 (December 2005): 362–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/acb.2005.054.

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Forgacs, David. "I Watussi." Modern Italy 18, no. 4 (November 2013): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13532944.2013.812294.

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The article reflects on the ‘absent connection’ between the fictional Watussi of the Italian hit song of 1963 and the real Tutsi, many of whom had fled Rwanda at that time to escape violence from the ascendant Hutu majority in the last years of Belgian rule. It considers the song's long afterlife and the stubborn persistence, decades later, of comic stereotypes of ‘Africans’ in Italian popular culture despite the growing number of African migrants and their children in Italian society.

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Scocco, Marta, and Isabella Crespi. "Italiani in Belgio: l'emigrazione all'estero attraverso le generazioni." MONDI MIGRANTI, no. 3 (December 2018): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/mm2018-003008.

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Orsini, Federico. "Intervention strategies for renewed living ecologies. The Belgian experience." TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, no. 24 (July 26, 2022): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-12865.

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Demolition-reconstruction interventions and deep renovation interventions are the main strategies implemented with the aim of adapting the existing residential heritage. In particular, the deep renovation interventions are at the centre of a cultural debate, as evidenced by the research carried out on large modernist peripheral settlements. In this context, it is interesting to investigate how this approach can be applied to those historic urban tissues and smaller centres that strongly characterise the Italian and European territory. Starting from the analysis of several case studies identified in the Belgian context, the work codifies archetypes of intervention on technological units and analyses their limits and potential of application to the Italian context with the aim of opening a debate between conservation approaches and adaptation approaches.

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Vander Mijnsbrugge, Kristine, Lise De Clerck, Nele Van der Schueren, Stefaan Moreels, Amy Lauwers, Kathy Steppe, Liselotte De Ligne, Matteo Campioli, and Jan Van den Bulcke. "Counter-Intuitive Response to Water Limitation in a Southern European Provenance of Frangula alnus Mill. in a Common Garden Experiment." Forests 11, no. 11 (November 10, 2020): 1186. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11111186.

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Climate change will intensify drought periods during the growing season in Western Europe. We mimicked this prediction by withholding water in summer from young rooted cuttings of Frangula alnus Mill., a common shrub species, originating from different latitudes in Europe (Italy, Belgium and Sweden) and growing in a common garden environment in Belgium. We followed the responses to the drought up to two years after the treatment. Counter-intuitively, the Italian provenance displayed earlier symptoms and stronger effects of water limitation than the other two provenances. A putative higher transpiration in this provenance could be suggested based on a relative larger shoot growth, larger leaves and a higher stomatal density. After the post-drought re-watering, the droughted plants of the Italian provenance entered leaf senescence later than the control plants, likely as a compensation mechanism for the lost growing time. Bud burst in the first year after the drought treatment and leaf senescence in the next autumn were both advanced in the drought treated group when compared with the control plants. Bud burst in the second year after the drought treatment did not display any differentiation anymore between control and drought treated plants. Growth traits also displayed legacies of the water limitation. For example, the drought treated plants showed a lower number of reshoots upon pruning in the year after the drought treatment. Our results suggest that assisted migration from southern Europe to western Europe as a climate change adaptation strategy might not always follow the expected patterns.

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De Wolf, Nele, and Philippe De Maeyer. "Observations Italian Composite Atlases and a Belgian Undescribed Copy." Cartographic Journal 45, no. 4 (November 2008): 296–303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174327708x347791.

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Kulhánková, Zora. "The work of Italian garden designer Pietro Porcinai." Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 52, no. 1 (2004): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun200452010217.

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Pietro Porcinai (1910 - 1986) was the Italy‘s most distinguished garden designer of the twentieth century. He was born in Settignano (Florence) and grew up in the ambience of Villa Gamberaia, where his father was a head gardener. He gained a diploma in agriculture in 1928 and left to the nothern Europe. He stopped in Germany where he worked a few years. In Belgium he met the new tendention of the „constructed garden“ and in Germany was influenced by Fritz Enchke and Karl Foerster. He started to practise in 1931. Pietro Porcinai was one of the founders of IFLA (International Federation of Landscape Architects) in 1948 and two years later he founded with Raffaele Vico and Michele Bussini the Italian Association of Landscape Architects (now AIAPP). Porcinai saw his method as the creation of garden spaces with plants, rather than architecture. There is 1,318 projects in his archive - private gardens, public parks, motorways, urban spaces, which reveal that his deep understanding of modern design was never surrended. In 1957 Porcinai bought Villa Rondinelli on a Fiesole hillside where he worked and lived until his death in 1986.

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Rossouw, Jannie. "Private shareholding: An analysis of an eclectic group of central banks." South African Journal of Economic and Management Sciences 19, no. 1 (March 2, 2016): 150–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/sajems.v19i1.1329.

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Although the title seems to be a contradictio in terminis, this paper identifies a small, eclectic number of central banks with private shareholders about which little has been published. It is shown that only the central banks of Belgium, Greece, Italy, Japan, South Africa, Switzerland, Turkey and the United States (US) Federal Reserve allow shareholding other than by the government of the respective countries, although not in all instances by the general public. This paper considers private shareholding in this eclectic group of central banks, despite the trend of nationalising central banks that commenced in 1935. Private shareholding is defined as shareholding in a central bank by any party other than the respective government or governments (e.g. the European Central Bank) where the central bank is located.Large differences in the classes of shareholders of these eclectic central banks and differences in their approaches to dividend payments are highlighted in the paper. The conclusions reached are, firstly, that investment only in the shares of the central banks of Belgium and Greece (albeit only for residents in the latter instance) can be regarded as growth investments. Secondly, shareholding in the Italian central bank has been used to recapitalise ailing commercial banks. Thirdly, shareholders play no role in the formulation and implementation of monetary policy. Lastly, the shareholding structure of these banks contributes to improved governance in the case of the central banks of Belgium, Greece, Italy, South Africa, Switzerland and Turkey, but no evidence can be found that central banks with shareholders in any way outperform central banks without shareholders.

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Lafleur, Jean-Michel, and Elsa Mescoli. "Creating Undocumented EU Migrants through Welfare: A Conceptualization of Undeserving and Precarious Citizenship." Sociology 52, no. 3 (June 2018): 480–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0038038518764615.

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Following the financial and economic crisis, welfare policies across the EU are increasingly becoming instruments for limiting the mobility of certain EU migrants. In this article, we focus on EU citizens who see their freedom of movement in the EU being restricted after they have applied for social assistance or unemployment benefits in their country of residence. Doing so, we conceptualize undocumented EU migration by means of the concepts of ‘non-deportability’, ‘deservingness’ and ‘precariousness’. Overall, this article – based on ethnographic fieldwork conducted with Italian migrants in Belgium – expands our understanding of undocumented migration by demonstrating how arbitrary and intimidating bureaucratic processes undermine the exercise of EU citizenship.

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Doerflinger, Nadja, Valeria Pulignano, and Martin Lukac. "The social configuration of labour market divides: An analysis of Germany, Belgium and Italy." European Journal of Industrial Relations 26, no. 2 (July 12, 2019): 207–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959680119861505.

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We analyse insecurity-based dividing lines and their social configurations in the German, Belgian and Italian labour markets in 2015, using latent class analysis applied to EU Labour Force Survey data. In contrast to the dual vision of ‘insider-outsider’ approaches, our findings illustrate the existence of five distinctive labour market groups or segments across countries with similar social configurations. We explain this through the social embeddedness of national regulatory systems which generate different degrees of inclusiveness for different groups of workers. This adds to ongoing debates on connecting micro- and macro-levels of analysis, as labour market segmentation as a macro-phenomenon is studied based on its micro-foundations (terms and conditions of employment relationships). We use the interlinkages between national regulatory systems and social categories to explain the findings.

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Raedts, Mariet, and Natalie Dupré. "De doeltreffendheid van een Italiaanse versus Nederlandse slagzin in een Italiaanse wijnreclame." Dutch Journal of Applied Linguistics 4, no. 1 (August 17, 2015): 39–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dujal.4.1.04rae.

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Foreign languages are commonly used in advertising, because it is generally thought that they attract consumers’ attention. Compared to English, Italian is only rarely chosen by European advertisers. Precisely because of their low frequency, Italian words have a higher chance to capture and hold the consumers’ attention. Although foreign languages are widespread in advertising, the effectiveness of their use has not been studied extensively. In our study on print advertisements we compare the effectiveness of a foreign language slogan (Italian) relative to a slogan in the local language (Dutch). More specifically, we focus on the effects of foreign language usage on cognitive, affective and conative consumer responses. Cognitive responses include spontaneous and prompted recall of the slogan and the brand name. Affective responses pertain to the attitude towards the slogan, the brand and the advertisement. Conative response was defined in terms of purchase intention. Our sample consisted of 236 subjects of different age and educational level from the Dutch speaking part of Belgium. These participants had little or no knowledge of the Italian language. The experiment had a between-subjects design. Participants either saw the Italian or the Dutch version of the advertisement. In order to optimize the effectiveness of the use of the foreign language, we ensured a match between foreign language, country of origin, and the advertised product. Therefore, we created an advertisement for Italian wines with visual elements (a picture and a drawing) evoking Italy. Additionally, we chose easy Italian words, as previous research has shown that slogans with easy foreign words are more appreciated than difficult slogans. The results of our study show that the Dutch slogan was more effective for the spontaneous and prompted recall of the brand name. The language of the slogan had no effect on participants’ attitudes towards the brand, the slogan and the advertisement. By contrast, the Italian slogan had a positive effect on participants’ purchase intentions. The article ends with some concluding remarks and suggestions for future research.

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Porpora, MG, EE De Felip, V. Muscolo, P. Cerenzia, and E. Cosmi. "Endometriosis and “dioxins”: Preliminary data on Italian and Belgian Women." Journal of the American Association of Gynecologic Laparoscopists 11, no. 3 (August 2004): S49—S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1074-3804(04)80399-2.

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Petroni, Carlo, and Francesco Massimi. "Real-World ACE Reforms and the Italian Experience. Towards a General Trend?" Intertax 40, Issue 11 (November 1, 2012): 632–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/taxi2012065.

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In this article, the authors analyze the allowances for corporate capital equity ('ACE') currently adopted in some countries. In the economic literature ACE properties are well known: ACE makes corporation income tax systems neutral with respect to the financing options of firms, since this incentive addresses the tax-induced debt bias by granting an allowance for the cost of equity, normally consisting in the notional return on equity invested by firms. In the last two decades some European countries implemented ACE-like measures, but abolished them after a few years, that is, Italy (with DIT legislation, in force from 1997 to 2003), Croatia and Austria. The authors compare, from a corporation tax law perspective, the existing ACE legislations (Belgium, Brazil, Latvia, Portugal, Leichtenstein) with the new Italian ACE regime (introduced in 2011). Finally, the analysis shows common features and drawbacks of these incentives as well as the perspectives of enacting an EU-wide ACE legislation.

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van Dongen, Martien C. J. M., Marleen A. H. Lentjes, Nicole E. G. Wijckmans, Carla Dirckx, Dirk Lemaître, Ward Achten, Marleen Celis, et al. "Validation of a food-frequency questionnaire for Flemish and Italian-native subjects in Belgium: The IMMIDIET study." Nutrition 27, no. 3 (March 2011): 302–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2010.02.006.

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Zavattaro, Monica. "Variation de l'âge au mariage dans un échantillon d'immigrés italiens en Belgique." Bulletins et Mémoires de la Société d'anthropologie de Paris 5, no. 1 (1993): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bmsap.1993.2348.

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Naujokat, Anke. "Wenceslas Coberghers Grundrissentwurf für die siebeneckige Marienwallfahrtskirche in Scherpenheuvel/Montaigu." Architectura 49, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/atc-2019-1003.

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Abstract This paper examines an unusual heptagonal floor plan drawing held by the Ashmolean Museum in Oxford. The drawing is identified as an early design plan (ca. 1606) for the heptagonal Marian Pilgrimage church at Scherpenheuvel/Montaigu (Belgium). After describing the drawing in detail and attributing it to Wenzeslas Cobergher, the paper interprets the ground plan against the backdrop of the design process of the domed Sanctuary as well as in the broader context of Scherpenheuvel’s transformation into a symbolic and programmatic Pilgrimage ensemble by the sovereigns of the Spanish Netherlands, Archduke Albert VII of Austria and Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia. With a view to the Italian architectural tradition, considerations are given to the ground plan’s geometry, its elevation and symbolic architectural motifs, before it is compared with the realized ground plan of the Pilgrimage church in Scherpenheuvel.

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Varela-Lema, Leonor, Janet Puñal-Rioboo, and María José Faraldo Vallés. "OP248 A Minimum Data-Set For Left Ventricular Assist Device On Destination Therapy: Cross-Border Collaboration Pilot On Real World Data." International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 37, S1 (December 2021): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266462321000866.

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IntroductionThe European Health Technology Assessment Network (EUnetHTA) Work Package 5B1, is focused on testing the levels of cross-border collaboration on real world data for supporting reimbursement/pricing decision-making. Within this Work Package, we are conducting a pilot on Left Ventricular Assist Device on destination therapy in collaboration with the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE, UK), the Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE, Belgium) and the Italian National Agency for Regional Health Services (AGENAS, Italy). This pilot aims to define the minimum data set for gathering and sharing high quality registry data on key uncertainties found at the time of the health technology assessment (HTA). Furthermore, the pilot will assess the feasibility of carrying out a common analysis or reusing this data for National or Joint Reassessments.MethodsEvidence gaps were based on the four national assessments. Collaborating partners were responsible for agreeing on the key outcomes and proposing the minimum dataset to be registered. European clinical experts and patients rated and prioritized the dataset using a two round Delphi technique (not relevant, important but not critical; critical). The dataset will confirm the basis for the Spanish LVAD registry, implemented at the national health service level to inform inclusion into the healthcare portfolio.ResultsThe key outcomes agreed upon by agencies relate to safety, effectiveness, satisfaction and acceptability of the patient and cost-effectiveness, budget impact and organizational impact. Expert cardiologists and cardiac surgeons representing the European and Spanish Society, among others, participated in the prioritization of basic data. The final dataset is expected by December 2020.ConclusionsThe variation in the quality and definition of outcome measures for measuring key evidence gaps reduces the utility of registries for HTA, making it difficult to compare, link, and aggregate data across countries. The EUnetHTA pilot is intended to offer a model for cross-border collaboration on real world data for supporting the decision-making process for pricing and reimbursement.

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Roberta Piccinelli. "La Konstkamer italiana: I “Fiamminghi” nelle collezioni italiane all’età di Rubens (Atti delle Giornate di studio: Roma, Academia Belgica, 9–10 dicembre 2004) (review)." Catholic Historical Review 96, no. 2 (2010): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cat.0.0718.

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Forment, Bruno. "Italian Opera ‘Under the Belgian Climate’: The 1727-30 Seasons at the Monnaie." Journal of the Alamire Foundation 4, no. 2 (September 2012): 259–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1484/j.jaf.1.102973.

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Santilli, Sara, Silke Grossen, and Laura Nota. "Career Adaptability, Resilience, and Life Satisfaction Among Italian and Belgian Middle School Students." Career Development Quarterly 68, no. 3 (September 2020): 194–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cdq.12231.

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Dumont, Michel. "GEOS – Groupe Europeen d’Observations Stellaires." International Astronomical Union Colloquium 98 (1988): 194–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0252921100092836.

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GEOS was formed in 1973 from several European groups (French, Italian, Spanish and Belgian). All the members of GEOS have the same aims: to observe variable stars and to analyse their observations themselves.Other objects are also observed by GEOS: artifical satellites and minor planets, in particular minor-planet occultations. Observations are treated statistically and the procedures allow accidental, and – if there are several observers of the same star – systematic, errors to be corrected, thus improving the accuracy of the results and the light-curves.

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Fitzpatrick, Andrew, and J. V. S. Megaw. "Further Finds from the Le Câtillon Hoard." Proceedings of the Prehistoric Society 53, no. 1 (1987): 433–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0079497x00006320.

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Previously unrecorded finds from the Le Câtillon hoard are documented. It is now clear that the hoard was not found in three lots but in a single closed group. The brooches in the hoard suggests a date of c. 40–20 BC rather than during the Caesarian campaigns. The suggestions that the silver brooches in the hoard and others like them are Italian and that most Gallo-Belgic coinage arrived in Britain during the Gallic Wars are reviewed critically.

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Smith, Vanessa, Valeria Riccieri, Carmen Pizzorni, Saskia Decuman, Ellen Deschepper, Carolien Bonroy, Alberto Sulli, Yves Piette, Filip De Keyser, and Maurizio Cutolo. "Nailfold Capillaroscopy for Prediction of Novel Future Severe Organ Involvement in Systemic Sclerosis." Journal of Rheumatology 40, no. 12 (October 15, 2013): 2023–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3899/jrheum.130528.

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Objective.Assessment of associations of nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) scleroderma (systemic sclerosis; SSc) (“early,” “active,” and “late”) with novel future severe clinical involvement in 2 independent cohorts.Methods.Sixty-six consecutive Belgian and 82 Italian patients with SSc underwent NVC at baseline. Images were blindly assessed and classified into normal, early, active, or late NVC pattern. Clinical evaluation was performed for 9 organ systems (general, peripheral vascular, skin, joint, muscle, gastrointestinal tract, lung, heart, and kidney) according to the Medsger disease severity scale (DSS) at baseline and in the future (18–24 months of followup). Severe clinical involvement was defined as category 2 to 4 per organ of the DSS. Logistic regression analysis (continuous NVC predictor variable) was performed.Results.The OR to develop novel future severe organ involvement was stronger according to more severe NVC patterns and similar in both cohorts. In simple logistic regression analysis the OR in the Belgian/Italian cohort was 2.16 (95% CI 1.19–4.47, p = 0.010)/2.33 (95% CI 1.36–4.22, p = 0.002) for the early NVC SSc pattern, 4.68/5.42 for the active pattern, and 10.14/12.63 for the late pattern versus the normal pattern. In multiple logistic regression analysis, adjusting for disease duration, subset, and vasoactive medication, the OR was 2.99 (95% CI 1.31–8.82, p = 0.007)/1.88 (95% CI 1.00–3.71, p = 0.050) for the early NVC SSc pattern, 8.93/3.54 for the active pattern, and 26.69/6.66 for the late pattern versus the normal pattern.Conclusion.Capillaroscopy may be predictive of novel future severe organ involvement in SSc, as attested by 2 independent cohorts.

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Scarpato, E., N. Steutel, H. Nijenhuis, S. Salvatore, D. Ferrara, Y. Vandenplas, M. Tabbers, M. Benninga, and A. Staiano. "Prevalence of functional gastrointestinal disorders in young Belgian, Dutch and Italian children: Preliminary data." Digestive and Liver Disease 48 (October 2016): e252. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2016.08.031.

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Domagała, Joanna. "LINKS BETWEEN SMP PRICES IN POLAND AND SELECTED FOREIGN MARKETS." Annals of the Polish Association of Agricultural and Agribusiness Economists XXII, no. 4 (November 7, 2020): 44–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0014.4930.

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The aim of the paper was to determine the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in selected countries. The article uses secondary data for the monthly price of butter at a level of countries collected by the Milk Market Observatory and the Italian Dairy Economic Consulting portal for 2000-2016. The analyzed period was divided into two periods: 2000-2004 and 2005-2016. The article uses Johansen cointegration tests, and Granger’s causality analysis. The analyzes in the first stage concerned the links between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in Western Europe, the USA and Oceania. In the second stage, the links between SMP prices in Poland and selected EU countries were identified. The results of the study confirmed a stronger link between SMP prices in Poland and SMP prices in Western Europe and Oceania. It is worth noting that these links mainly occurred in the period following Poland’s accession to the EU. Within EU countries, SMP prices in Belgium, the Czech Republic, Germany, Ireland and the Netherlands were related to prices in Poland.

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Desmazières, Agnès. "Psychology against Medicine ? Mysticism in the Light of Scientific Apologetics." Revue belge de philologie et d'histoire 88, no. 4 (2010): 1191–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rbph.2010.9587.

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The foundation, in 1884, of the Bureau des constatations médicales, responsible of the medical authentification of the miraculous healings in Lourdes, signals the start of a “ medicalization of the miracle”. The Catholic physicians establish their competence in the discrimination of “ true” and “ false” mysticism and value a medical apologetic aimed at responding to the rationalistic critics. However, since the 1920s, their authory has been challenged by Catholic psychologists, led by the Italian Franciscan Agostino Gemelli, future president of the Pontifical Academy of Sciences, who marks himself out as an opponent of the stigmatized Padre Pio and fights for a positive apologetic based on the autonomy of sciences, against the religious appropriation of sciences by Catholic physicians. The scientific discussions over the Marian apparitions of Beauraing (Belgium) illustrate this clash between medical and psychological apologetics. They exemplify the process of “ psychologization of mysticism”, highlighted by Michel de Certeau, and the rise of a modern criticism of mystical phenomena, which owes not only to psychology but also to the development of a lay spirituality, detached from popular religion.

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Marquette, Vanessa, and Nadine Watté. "Faillite internationale - Compétence - Effets d'une faillite prononcée à l'étranger - sûretés réelles - droit de préférence." European Review of Private Law 7, Issue 3 (September 1, 1999): 287–317. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/252530.

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After establishing the general legal framework for international bankruptcies, and then examining the competence of the forum state to open bankruptcy proceedings, and the effects recognised by the forum state in relation to a foreign bankruptcy, the present report tries to provide a brief overview of the fate reserved for security rights, whether rights in rem, created by statute (legal mortgage, privilege), or contractual, as well as rights of preference (right of retention, or compensation), in the context of an international bankruptcy under German, English, Belgian, Canadian, Greek, French, Italian, Japanese, Dutch, North American, Swedish and Yugoslavian law.

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Liakopoulos, Dimitris. "THOUGHTS ON THE RESPONSIBILITY OF LEGAL ENTITIES IN EUROPE." Diponegoro Law Review 5, no. 1 (April 30, 2020): 34–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14710/dilrev.5.1.2020.34-50.

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The present work is concentrated on a construction of a legal person's model responsibility for the EU countries, with a particular attention for a comparative analyse of the systems assumed in certain European nations (Italian, France, Spain, German, Belgian systems). The end result of this system is oriented to corporates responsibilities that, after the mass transfer of general interest from public service to privates services, corporates have to attend to relatives guarantees. Because it was established a social insecurity level, we have produced a model of corporation’s organisation engaged of a security position, that exceed the traditional standard of culpability.

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RAVYTS, FRÉDÉRIC, SILVANA BARBUTI, MARIA ANGELA FRUSTOLI, GIOVANNI PAROLARI, GIOVANNA SACCANI, LUC DE VUYST, and FRÉDÉRIC LEROY. "Competitiveness and Antibacterial Potential of Bacteriocin-Producing Starter Cultures in Different Types of Fermented Sausages." Journal of Food Protection 71, no. 9 (September 1, 2008): 1817–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-71.9.1817.

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Application of bacteriocin-producing starter cultures of lactic acid bacteria in fermented sausage production contributes to food safety. This is sometimes hampered by limited efficacy in situ and by uncertainty about strain dependency and universal applicability for different sausage types. In the present study, a promising antilisterial-bacteriocin producer, Lactobacillus sakei CTC 494, was applied as a coculture in addition to commercial fermentative starters in different types of dry-fermented sausages. The strain was successful in both Belgian-type sausage and Italian salami that were artificially contaminated with about 3.5 log CFU g−1 of Listeria monocytogenes. After completion of the production process, this led to listerial reductions of up to 1.4 and 0.6 log CFU g−1, respectively. In a control sausage, containing only the commercial fermentative starter, the reduction was limited to 0.8 log CFU g−1 for the Belgian-type recipe, where pH decreased from 5.9 to 4.9, whereas an increase of 0.2 log CFU g−1 was observed for Italian salami, in which the pH rose from 5.7 to 5.9 after an initial decrease to pH 5.3. In a Cacciatore recipe inoculated with 5.5 log CFU g−1 of L. monocytogenes and in the presence of L. sakei CTC 494, there was a listerial reduction of 1.8 log CFU g−1 at the end of the production process. This was superior to the effect obtained with the control sausage (0.8 log CFU g−1). Two commercial antilisterial cultures yielded reductions of 1.2 and 1.5 log CFU g−1. Moreover, repetitive DNA sequence–based PCR fingerprinting demonstrated the competitive superiority of L. sakei CTC 494.

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DAHAN, KARIN, ARNO FUCHSHUBER, STAVROULA ADAMIS, MICHÈLE SMAERS, SABINE KROISS, GUY LOUTE, JEAN-PIERRE COSYNS, FRIEDHELM HILDEBRANDT, CHRISTINE VERELLEN-DUMOULIN, and YVES PIRSON. "Familial Juvenile Hyperuricemic Nephropathy and Autosomal Dominant Medullary Cystic Kidney Disease Type 2: Two Facets of the Same Disease?" Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 12, no. 11 (November 2001): 2348–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v12112348.

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Abstract. Familial juvenile hyperuricemic nephropathy (FJHN) is an autosomal dominant disorder heralded by hyperuricemia during childhood; it is characterized by chronic interstitial nephritis, with marked thickening of tubular basement membranes, and leads to progressive renal failure during adulthood. A gene for FJHN in two Czech families was recently mapped to chromosome 16p11.2, close to the MCKD2 locus, which is responsible for a variant of autosomal dominant medullary cystic kidney disease observed in an Italian family. In a large Belgian family with FJHN, a tight linkage between the disorder and the marker D16S3060, located within the MCKD2 locus on chromosome 16p12 (maximal two-point logarithmic odds score of 3.74 at a recombination fraction of θ = 0), was observed in this study. The candidate region was further narrowed to a 1.3-Mb interval between D16S501 and D16S3036. Together with the striking clinical and pathologic resemblance between previously reported medullary cystic kidney disease type 2 and FJHN occurring in the Belgian family (including the presence of medullary cysts), this study suggests that these two disorders are facets of the same disease.

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Matera, Camilla, and Cristina Stefanile. "Acculturazione, adattamento e status generazionale: l'esperienza di un gruppo di immigrati italiani in Belgio." PSICOLOGIA DI COMUNITA', no. 1 (May 2011): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/psc2011-001004.

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L'obiettivo della ricerca č sia descrivere le varie fonti di stress relative ad ingroup di outgroup presenti durante il processo di acculturazione di immigrati con diverso status generazionale, sia di esaminare come si caratterizza il loro adattamento socioculturale e psicologico. L'indagine č stata realizzata attraverso interviste in profonditŕ a 17 immigrati italiani residenti in Belgio. Dalle analisi effettuate sembra che la seconda generazione sia esposta a piů consistenti fonti di stress rispetto alla prima. La prima generazione incontra maggiori problemi nei rapporti con l'outgroup, mentre le difficoltŕ della seconda generazione risiedono piů spesso nelle relazioni con i membri dell'ingroup. Il livello di adattamento socioculturale č buono in entrambi i gruppi. Alcune differenze si osservano in merito all'adattamento psicologico.

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Orosz, Flóra, Noémi Suri, Renáta Hrecska-Kovács, and Péter Szőke. "Constitutional protection of the environment with particular regard to the Hungarian, German, Italian and Belgian constitutional regulation." Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Law = Agrár- és Környezetjog 16, no. 31 (December 8, 2021): 99–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.21029/jael.2021.31.99.

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Environmental protection has become a burning issue which plays a more and more important role in the world. The aim of this study is to give a picture of the constitutional regulation of environmental protection which is the highest legal source of a nation. Besides the Hungarian Fundamental Law, the German, Italian and Belgian constitutions were examined in the study. On one hand, we looked into how environment is regulated in the constitutions, as a right (right to environment) or a state task or objective (protect the environment). On the other hand, we analysed how related regulatory subjects appear in the constitutions, such as natural resources, future generations and sustainable development.

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Ilse, Scheirlinck, Van der Meulen Roel, Vrancken Gino, De Vuyst Luc, Settanni Luca, Vandamme Peter, and Huys Geert. "Polyphasic taxonomic characterization of Lactobacillus rossiae isolates from Belgian and Italian sourdoughs reveals intraspecific heterogeneity." Systematic and Applied Microbiology 32, no. 2 (April 2009): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.syapm.2008.12.006.

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De Felip, Elena, Maria Grazia Porpora, Alessandro di Domenico, Anna Maria Ingelido, Massimo Cardelli, Ermelando V. Cosmi, and Jacques Donnez. "Dioxin-like compounds and endometriosis: a study on Italian and Belgian women of reproductive age." Toxicology Letters 150, no. 2 (April 2004): 203–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.01.008.

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MAES, IVO. "THE SPREAD OF KEYNESIAN ECONOMICS: A COMPARISON OF THE BELGIAN AND ITALIAN EXPERIENCES (1945–1970)." Journal of the History of Economic Thought 30, no. 4 (December 2008): 491–509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s105383720800045x.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Italians – Belgium'

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