Journal articles: 'Italian Volcanism'

1

Kirk, W. L., R. Siddall, and S. Stead. "The Johnston-Lavis collection: a unique record of Italian volcanism." Geological Society, London, Special Publications 171, no. 1 (2000): 189–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.sp.2000.171.01.15.

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Martelli, M., P. M. Nuccio, F. M. Stuart, V. Di Liberto, and R. M. Ellam. "Constraints on mantle source and interactions from He-Sr isotope variation in Italian Plio-Quaternary volcanism." Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9, no. 2 (February 2008): n/a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007gc001730.

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Wulf, Sabine, Jörg Keller, Martine Paterne, Jens Mingram, Stefan Lauterbach, Stephan Opitz, Gianluca Sottili, et al. "The 100–133 ka record of Italian explosive volcanism and revised tephrochronology of Lago Grande di Monticchio." Quaternary Science Reviews 58 (December 2012): 104–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2012.10.020.

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Martin, Silvana, and Patrizia Macera. "Tertiary volcanism in the Italian Alps (Giudicarie fault zone, NE Italy): insight for double alpine magmatic arc." Italian Journal of Geosciences 133, no. 1 (February 2014): 63–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3301/ijg.2013.14.

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Aalto, K. R. "Hermann Karsten, pioneer of geologic mapping in northwestern South America." History of Geo- and Space Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 25, 2015): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hgss-6-57-2015.

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Abstract. In the late 19th century, a regional map of Nueva Granada (present-day Colombia, Panama and parts of Venezuela and Ecuador) was published by German botanist and geologist Hermann Karsten (1817–1908). Karsten's work was incorporated by Agustín Codazzi (1793–1859), an Italian who emigrated to Venezuela and Colombia to serve as a government cartographer and geographer, in his popular Atlas geográfico e histórico de la Republica de Colombia (1889). Geologic mapping and most observations provided in this 1889 atlas were taken from Karsten's Géologie de l'ancienne Colombie bolivarienne: Vénézuela, Nouvelle-Grenade et Ecuador (1886), as cited by Manual Paz and/or Felipe Pérez, who edited this edition of the atlas. Karsten defined four epochs in Earth history: Primera – without life – primary crystalline rocks, Segunda – with only marine life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, Tercera – with terrestrial quadrupeds and fresh water life forms life – chiefly sedimentary rocks, and Cuarta – mankind appears, includes diluvial (glacigenic) and post-diluvial terranes. He noted that Colombia is composed of chiefly of Quaternary, Tertiary and Cretaceous plutonic, volcanic and sedimentary rocks, and that Earth's internal heat (calor central) accounted, by escape of inner gases, for volcanism, seismicity and uplift of mountains. Karsten's regional mapping and interpretation thus constitutes the primary source and ultimate pioneering geologic research.

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Bourne, A. J., P. G. Albert, I. P. Matthews, F. Trincardi, S. Wulf, A. Asioli, S. P. E. Blockley, J. Keller, and J. J. Lowe. "Tephrochronology of core PRAD 1-2 from the Adriatic Sea: insights into Italian explosive volcanism for the period 200–80 ka." Quaternary Science Reviews 116 (May 2015): 28–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.03.006.

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Villemant, B., and C. Flehoc. "U-Th-Ta fractionation in magma sources of the italian K-rich volcanism. Constraints from distribution coefficients and Th-U disequilibrium studies." Chemical Geology 70, no. 1-2 (August 1988): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(88)90570-0.

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Batenburg, Sietske J., David De Vleeschouwer, Mario Sprovieri, Frederik J. Hilgen, Andrew S. Gale, Brad S. Singer, Christian Koeberl, Rodolfo Coccioni, Philippe Claeys, and Alessandro Montanari. "Orbital control on the timing of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous." Climate of the Past 12, no. 10 (October 19, 2016): 1995–2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/cp-12-1995-2016.

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Abstract. The oceans at the time of the Cenomanian–Turonian transition were abruptly perturbed by a period of bottom-water anoxia. This led to the brief but widespread deposition of black organic-rich shales, such as the Livello Bonarelli in the Umbria–Marche Basin (Italy). Despite intensive studies, the origin and exact timing of this event are still debated. In this study, we assess leading hypotheses about the inception of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world by providing a 6 Myr long astronomically tuned timescale across the Cenomanian–Turonian boundary. We procure insights into the relationship between orbital forcing and the Late Cretaceous carbon cycle by deciphering the imprint of astronomical cycles on lithologic, physical properties, and stable isotope records, obtained from the Bottaccione, Contessa and Furlo sections in the Umbria–Marche Basin. The deposition of black shales and cherts, as well as the onset of oceanic anoxia, is related to maxima in the 405 kyr cycle of eccentricity-modulated precession. Correlation to radioisotopic ages from the Western Interior (USA) provides unprecedented age control for the studied Italian successions. The most likely tuned age for the base of the Livello Bonarelli is 94.17 ± 0.15 Ma (tuning 1); however, a 405 kyr older age cannot be excluded (tuning 2) due to uncertainties in stratigraphic correlation, radioisotopic dating, and orbital configuration. Our cyclostratigraphic framework suggests that the exact timing of major carbon cycle perturbations during the Cretaceous may be linked to increased variability in seasonality (i.e. a 405 kyr eccentricity maximum) after the prolonged avoidance of seasonal extremes (i.e. a 2.4 Myr eccentricity minimum). Volcanism is probably the ultimate driver of oceanic anoxia, but orbital periodicities determine the exact timing of carbon cycle perturbations in the Late Cretaceous. This unites two leading hypotheses about the inception of oceanic anoxia in the Late Cretaceous greenhouse world.

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Garuti, Giorgio, Massimo Oddone, and José Torres-Ruiz. "Platinum-group-element distribution in subcontinental mantle: evidence from the Ivrea Zone (Italy) and the Betic – Rifean cordillera (Spain and Morocco)." Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 34, no. 4 (April 1, 1997): 444–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/e17-037.

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The six platinum-group elements (PGE's) Os, Ir, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd and Au were analyzed by instrumental neutron-activation analysis after nickel sulfide fire assay, in peridotites and dyke rocks from the orogenic ultramafic massifs of the Ivrea Zone in the Italian western Alps (Baldissero, Balmuccia, Finero) and the Betico–Rifean cordillera in southern Spain and northern Morocco (Ronda, Beni Bousera). The peridotites are considered as variably depleted, and reenriched low lithosphere, whereas the dyke rocks represent polybaric derivatives of basaltic melts (pyroxenites and gabbros), most coming from the underlying asthenosphere. The peridotites have total PGE content in the range 8.6–54.7 ppb, while mantle-normalized patterns generally grade from nearly flat and PGE rich, in less depleted lherzolites, to negative and PGE poor, in residual harzburgites and dunites. Dyke rocks have total PGE's in the range 5.4 – 250 ppb and positive mantle-normalized patterns. Negative anomalies of Ir – Pt are frequently observed in dykes, indicating that both metals were probably retained in the mantle source of these melts. Most of the peridotites display positive anomaly of Au, and in some case are enriched in Ru, Rh, and Pd, but exhibit the same negative anomalies in Ir and Pt as the dykes. These features are ascribed to reintroduction of noble metals into the residual mantle by reaction with the basaltic melts that generated the dykes, or alternatively by recycling of "dyke material" during further partial melting of the host mantle. The role of the sulfide phase as carrier of the recycled PGE is stressed by clear interelemental correlation in peridotites from the Ivrea Zone. Present data provide evidence that zones of PGE enrichment can origin; this way in the subcontinental mantle, and may constitute a potential reservoir for noble metal fertile volcanism in continental rift systems.

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Bianchi, R., R. Casacchia, A. Coradini, A. M. Duncan, J. E. Guest, A. Kahle, P. Lanciano, D. C. Pieri, and M. Poscolieri. "Remote sensing of Italian volcanos." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no. 46 (1990): 1789. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00345.

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11

Azzella, Mattia, Leonardo Rosati, Mauro Iberite, and Carlo Blasi. "Macrophytes of Italian Volcanic Lakes Database." Biodiversity & Ecology 4 (September 10, 2012): 401. http://dx.doi.org/10.7809/b-e.00189.

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12

Goldberg, Sabine, Emiliano Scalera, and Paola Adamo. "Molybdenum Adsorption by Volcanic Italian Soils." Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 39, no. 5-6 (February 2008): 693–706. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103620701879281.

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13

Mariucci, M. T., S. Pierdominici, and P. Montone. "Scientific Drilling in a Central Italian Volcanic District." Scientific Drilling 5 (September 1, 2007): 38–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sd-5-38-2007.

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14

D'Ajello Caracciolo, F., A. Pignatelli, F. Speranza, and A. Meloni. "A re-evaluation of the Italian historical geomagnetic catalogue: implications for paleomagnetic dating at active Italian volcanoes." Solid Earth Discussions 3, no. 1 (January 18, 2011): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/sed-3-19-2011.

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Abstract. Paleomagnetism is proving to represent one of the most powerful dating tools of volcanics emplaced in Italy during the last few centuries/millennia. This method requires that valuable proxies of the local geomagnetic field (paleo)secular variation ((P)SV) are available. To this end, we re-evaluate the whole Italian geomagnetic directional data set, consisting of 833 and 696 declination and inclination (respectively) measurements carried out since 1640 AD at several localities. All directions were relocated via virtual geomagnetic pole method to Stromboli (38.8° N, 15.2° E), rough centre of the active Italian volcanoes. For declination-only measurements, missing inclinations were derived (always by pole method) by French data (for period 1670–1789), and by nearby Italian sites/years (for periods 1640–1657 and 1790–1962). Using post-1805 declination values, we obtain a 0.46 ± 0.19 °/yr westward drift of the geomagnetic field for Italy. Original observation years were modified considering such drift value to derive a drift-corrected relocated data set. Both data sets were found to be in substantial agreement with directions derived from the field models by Jackson et al. (2000) and Pavon-Carrasco et al. (2009). However, the drift-corrected data set minimizes the differences between the Italian data and both field models, and eliminates a persistent 1.6° shift of 1933–1962 declination values from Castellaccio with respect to other nearly coeval Italian data. The relocated data sets were used to calculate two post-1640 Italian SV curves, with mean directions calculated every 30 and 10 years before and after 1790, respectively. Curve comparison suggests that the regional model by Pavon-Carrasco et al. (2009) yields the best available SV curve to perform paleomagnetic dating of 1600–1800 AD Italian volcanics, while the Italian drift-corrected curve is probably preferable for the XIX century. For the XX century, the global model by Jackson et al. (2000) yields more accurate inclination values, while the declinations from our drift-corrected curve seem to better represent the local field evolution, at least for the first half of the century.

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D'Ajello Caracciolo, F., A. Pignatelli, F. Speranza, and A. Meloni. "A re-evaluation of the Italian historical geomagnetic catalogue: implications for paleomagnetic dating at active Italian volcanoes." Solid Earth 2, no. 1 (June 9, 2011): 65–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/se-2-65-2011.

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Abstract. Paleomagnetism is proving to represent one of the most powerful dating tools of volcanics emplaced in Italy during the last few centuries/millennia. This method requires that valuable proxies of the local geomagnetic field (paleo)secular variation ((P)SV) are available. To this end, we re-evaluate the whole Italian geomagnetic directional dataset, consisting of 833 and 696 declination and inclination measurements, respectively, carried out since 1640 AD at several localities. All directions were relocated via the virtual geomagnetic pole method to Stromboli (38.8° N, 15.2° E), the rough centre of the active Italian volcanoes. For declination-only measurements, missing inclinations were derived (always by pole method) by French data (for period 1670–1789), and by nearby Italian sites/years (for periods 1640–1657 and 1790–1962). Using post-1825 declination values, we obtain a 0.46 ± 0.19° yr−1 westward drift of the geomagnetic field for Italy. The original observation years were modified, considering such drift value, to derive at a drift-corrected relocated dataset. Both datasets were found to be in substantial agreement with directions derived from the field models by Jackson et al. (2000) and Pavon-Carrasco et al. (2009). However, the drift-corrected dataset minimizes the differences between the Italian data and both field models, and eliminates a persistent 1.6° shift of 1933–1962 declination values from Castellaccio with respect to other nearly coeval Italian data. The relocated datasets were used to calculate two post-1640 Italian SV curves, with mean directions calculated every 30 and 10 years before and after 1790, respectively. The curve comparison suggests that both available field models yield the best available SV curve to perform paleomagnetic dating of 1600–1800 AD Italian volcanics, while the Italian drift-corrected curve is probably preferable for the 19th century. For the 20th century, the global model by Jackson et al. (2000) yields more accurate inclination values, while the declinations from our drift-corrected curve seem to better represent the local field evolution, at least for the first half of the century.

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VACCARI, EZIO. "GEOLOGIA E ATTIVITÀ MINERARIA IN ITALIA SETTENTRIONALE TRA SETTECENTO ED OTTOCENTO: L'INFLUENZA DELLA «SCUOLA DI FREIBERG» SU ALCUNI SCIENZIATI ITALIANI 1." Nuncius 7, no. 1 (1992): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/182539192x00046.

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Abstract<title> SUMMARY </title>The relevance of German mineralogy and mining was completely recognized in northern Italy during the eighteenth century, for example in the work of two distinguished Italian scientists such as Giovanni Arduino and Benedetto Spirito Nicolis di Robilant Malet. Nevertheless, between the end of the eighteenth and the first half of the nineteenth century, the growing diffusion of the lithogenetic theories of Abraham Gottlob Werner caused the internal division of the Italian scientific community between «volcanists» and «neptunists». The present study gives a general look at this controversy, through published and unpublished sources, paying particular attention to the Venetian area.

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Zúñiga Ugalde, F., F. Piña, M. Riquelme, C. Villazón, D. Dec, and L. Riedel. "Morpho-physiological responses of Italian ryegrass to volcanic ashfalls from Calbuco." Agro Sur 47, no. 3 (2019): 5–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4206/agrosur.2019.v47n3-02.

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PRINCIPE, CLAUDIA, and JONAS MALFATTI. "GIUSEPPE FOLGHERAITER: THE ITALIAN PIONEER OF ARCHAEOMAGNETISM." Earth Sciences History 39, no. 2 (November 12, 2020): 305–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-39.2.305.

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ABSTRACT The history of the science of archaeomagnetism conventionally starts in 1600 with the publication of William Gilbert's monumental work De Magnete, but the theoretical basis of this scientific field has to be positioned at the end of the nineteenth century. In Italy at that time, a number of scientists such as Giambattista Beccaria, Macedonio Melloni and Silvestro Gherardi, were working on magnetic field characteristics and their work variously contributed to the early study of Earth and rock magnetism. A major contribution to the birth of paleomagnetism as a science, and archaeomagnetism as a dating technique, was produced by Giuseppe Folgheraiter (1856–1913) by means of his research on the magnetic properties of volcanic deposits and his attempts to date ancient pottery of different epochs based on the magnetic properties of clay materials. Initially, Folgheraiter studied the rock magnetism of the volcanic rocks of Latium where he replicated the findings of Macedonio Melloni, who had studied Vesuvius lavas, and found that volcanic rocks are affected by a permanent magnetization. In addition, Folgheraiter verified the discovery by Filippo Keller of the Punti distinti. Folgheraiter also made the innovative proposal that lightning strongly influences the magnetic properties of lavas resulting in magnetic disorder. The main analytical effort of Folgheraiter at the end of the nineteenth century was dedicated to the study of the variations of magnetic inclination in different epochs as registered in archaeological pottery. He produced archaeomagnetic sets of analyses on 191 samples grouped into 10 epochs, that resulted in the first reconstruction of a geomagnetic secular variation curve (SVC). Even if nowadays the Folgheraiter analytical results have been replaced by more precise measurements, a great portion of the development of modern archaeomagnetic techniques originated with Folgheraiter’s experiments and intuitions. Many of those advances were improved upon only during the first half of the twentieth century by Emile Thellier (1904–1987). Actually, the well-known work by Thellier, resulting in the birth of the Saint Maur archaeomagnetic laboratory at the Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, had as a starting point the theories and suggestions developed by Giuseppe Folgheraiter. Based on the studies by Thellier, the well-known secular variation curve for France was derived, later to be perfected by Ileana Bucur in 1994.

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Raynal, J. P., D. Lefèvre, G. Vernet, T. Pilleyre, S. Sanzelle, J. Fain, D. Miallier, and M. Montret. "SEDIMENTARY DYNAMICS AND TECTO-VOLCANISM IN THE VENOSA BASIN (BASILICATA, ITALIA)." Quaternary International 47-48 (March 1998): 97–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1040-6182(97)00075-x.

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Patrizia Santi, Timmy Gambin, and Alberto Renzulli. "The millstone trade from the most exploited Italian volcanic areas: an overview from the phoenicians to the roman period." Annals of Geophysics 64, no. 5 (December 13, 2021): VO551. http://dx.doi.org/10.4401/ag-8647.

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Lavas were widely used in antiquity to produce millstones. This is mainly due to their superior properties for grinding cereals and availability when compared with other rock-types. In the past four decades, several studies have been published about lava millstones discovered in subaerial and submarine archaeological sites of the Central-Western Mediterranean. Although the morphological evidence of old quarries is rarely present, all these studies were aimed at recognizing provenance and manufacturing areas of the volcanic raw material. Typologies of grinding tools coexisted in different periods, even if some technological developments marked transitions between cultures. The main chronology is: Archaic saddle quern, Greek hopper-rubber (Olynthian), small to medium size rotary device (Morgantina type) and large hourglass rotary millstone (Pompeian style). Potential volcanic sources are widespread throughout the entire Mediterranean region, but two main Italian quarrying areas of volcanic rocks for the manufacture of millstones from the Phoenician to the Roman period were pointed out. These are the Latium-Umbria border in Central Italy, and Sicily (Eastern Sicily and Sicilian Channel) in Southern Italy. In detail, analysis of the lava lithotypes shows that grinding tools were mainly constructed of: (i) a leucite phonolite of the so called “Orvieto quarries” between the localities of Sugano and Buonviaggio in the Roman Volcanic Province (High-K alkaline series); (ii) hawaiites and mugearites (Na-alkaline series) from Etna volcano; (iii) basalts (Tholeiitic/Transitional series) of the Hyblaean Mountains and (iv) basalts (Na-alkaline series) from Pantelleria Island (Sicilian Channel). Although some lava millstones from other volcanic regions are recorded, the above four Italian volcanic rock types represent the most exploited in antiquity. A comparison between volcanic millstones and outcropping lavas already exists, from literature data, through thin section modal mineralogy and conventional igneous petrology (i.e., TAS classification, magmatic affinities, and major-trace elements signature). Therefore, on this basis we propose a set of discriminating geochemical parameters (major-trace elements and element ratios diagrams) useful for a quick assessment tool to possibly evaluate one of these four exploited volcanic areas of Italy matching millstones. A sketch of volcanic millstone trade networks and commercial routes in antiquity throughout the Central-Western Mediterranean has been also reported and overviewed on the basis of the literature data.

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Parracino, Stefano, Simone Santoro, Luca Fiorani, Marcello Nuvoli, Giovanni Maio, and Alessandro Aiuppa. "The BrIdge voLcanic LIdar—BILLI: A Review of Data Collection and Processing Techniques in the Italian Most Hazardous Volcanic Areas." Applied Sciences 10, no. 18 (September 14, 2020): 6402. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10186402.

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Volcanologists have demonstrated that carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes are precursors of volcanic eruptions. Controlling volcanic gases and, in particular, the CO2 flux, is technically challenging, but we can retrieve useful information from magmatic/geological process studies for the mitigation of volcanic hazards including air traffic security. Existing techniques used to probe volcanic gas fluxes have severe limitations such as the requirement of near-vent in situ measurements, which is unsafe for operators and deleterious for equipment. In order to overcome these limitations, a novel range-resolved DIAL-Lidar (Differential Absorption Light Detection and Ranging) has been developed as part of the ERC (European Research Council) Project “BRIDGE”, for sensitive, remote, and safe real-time CO2 observations. Here, we report on data collection, processing techniques, and the most significant findings of the experimental campaigns carried out at the most hazardous volcanic areas in Italy: Pozzuoli Solfatara (Phlegraen Fields), Stromboli, and Mt. Etna. The BrIdge voLcanic LIdar—BILLI has successfully obtained accurate measurements of in-plume CO2 concentration and flux. In addition, wind velocity has also been retrieved. It has been shown that the measurements of CO2 concentration performed by BILLI are comparable to those carried out by volcanologists with other standard techniques, heralding a new era in the observation of long-term volcanic gases.

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De Natale, Giuseppe, Claudia Troise, and Renato Somma. "Invited perspectives: The volcanoes of Naples: how can the highest volcanic risk in the world be effectively mitigated?" Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 20, no. 7 (July 23, 2020): 2037–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-20-2037-2020.

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Abstract. The Naples (southern Italy) area has the highest volcanic risk in the world due to the coexistence of three highly explosive volcanoes (Vesuvius, Campi Flegrei and Ischia) with extremely dense urbanisation. More than 3 million people live to within 20 kilometres from a possible eruptive vent. Mitigating such an extreme risk is made difficult because volcanic eruption forecasting is currently an empirical procedure with a very uncertain outcome. This paper starts by recalling the state of the art of eruption forecasting, and then describes the main hazards in the Neapolitan area, shortly presenting the activity and present state of its volcanoes. Then, it proceeds to suggest the most effective procedures to mitigate the extreme volcanic and associated risks. The problem is addressed in a highly multidisciplinary way, taking into account the main economic, sociological and urban issues. The proposed mitigation actions are then compared with the existing emergency plans, developed by Italian Civil Protection, by highlighting their numerous, very evident faults. Our study, besides regarding the most complex and extreme situation of volcanic risk in the world, gives guidelines for assessing and managing volcanic risk in any densely urbanised area.

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Gambino, Salvatore, Pietro Armienti, Andrea Cannata, Paola Del Carlo, Gaetano Giudice, Giovanni Giuffrida, Marco Liuzzo, and Massimo Pompilio. "Chapter 7.3 Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 55, no. 1 (2021): 741–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/m55-2018-43.

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AbstractMount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are quiescent, although potentially explosive, alkaline volcanoes located 100 km apart in Northern Victoria Land quite close to three stations (Mario Zucchelli Station, Gondwana and Jang Bogo). The earliest investigations on Mount Melbourne started at the end of the 1960s; Mount Rittmann was discovered during the 1988–89 Italian campaign and knowledge of it is more limited due to the extensive ice cover. The first geophysical observations at Mount Melbourne were set up in 1988 by the Italian National Antarctic Research Programme (PNRA), which has recently funded new volcanological, geochemical and geophysical investigations on both volcanoes. Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are active, and are characterized by fumaroles that are fed by volcanic fluid; their seismicity shows typical volcano signals, such as long-period events and tremor. Slow deformative phases have been recognized in the Mount Melbourne summit area. Future implementation of monitoring systems would help to improve our knowledge and enable near-real-time data to be acquired in order to track the evolution of these volcanoes. This would prove extremely useful in volcanic risk mitigation, considering that both Mount Melbourne and Mount Rittmann are potentially capable of producing major explosive activity with a possible risk to large and distant communities.

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Hamann, Y., S. Wulf, O. Ersoy, W. Ehrmann, E. Aydar, and G. Schmiedl. "First evidence of a distal early Holocene ash layer in Eastern Mediterranean deep-sea sediments derived from the anatolian volcanic province." Quaternary Research 73, no. 3 (May 2010): 497–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2009.12.004.

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A hitherto unknown distal volcanic ash layer has been detected in a sediment core recovered from the southeastern Levantine Sea (Eastern Mediterranean Sea). Radiometric, stratigraphic and sedimentological data show that the tephra, here termed as S1 tephra, was deposited between 8970 and 8690 cal yr BP. The high-silica rhyolitic composition excludes an origin from any known eruptions of the Italian, Aegean or Arabian volcanic provinces but suggests a prevailing Central Anatolian provenance. We compare the S1 tephra with proximal to medial-distal tephra deposits from well-known Mediterranean ash layers and ash fall deposits from the Central Anatolian volcanic field using electron probe microanalyses on volcanic glass shards and morphological analyses on ash particles. We postulate a correlation with the Early Holocene "Dikkartın" dome eruption of Erciyes Dağ volcano (Cappadocia, Turkey). So far, no tephra of the Central Anatolian volcanic province has been detected in marine sediment archives in the Eastern Mediterranean region. The occurrence of the S1 tephra in the south-eastern part of the Levantine Sea indicates a wide dispersal of pyroclastic material from Erciyes Da? more than 600 km to the south and is therefore an important tephrostratigraphical marker in sediments of the easternmost Mediterranean Sea and the adjacent hinterland.

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Azzella, Mattia Martin, Mauro Iberite, Simonetta Fascetti, and Leonardo Rosati. "Loss detection of aquatic habitats in Italian volcanic lakes using historical data." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 147, no. 2 (June 2013): 521–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.772080.

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Conte, P. "Chemical properties of humic substances in soils of an Italian volcanic system." Geoderma 117, no. 3-4 (December 2003): 243–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00126-5.

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Scollo, S., M. Prestifilippo, G. Spata, M. D'Agostino, and M. Coltelli. "Monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 5 (September 23, 2009): 1573–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1573-2009.

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Abstract. In this paper we describe the results of a project ongoing at the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV). The objective is to develop and implement a system for monitoring and forecasting volcanic plumes of Etna. Monitoring is based at present by multispectral infrared measurements from the Spin Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager on board the Meteosat Second Generation geosynchronous satellite, visual and thermal cameras, and three radar disdrometers able to detect ash dispersal and fallout. Forecasting is performed by using automatic procedures for: i) downloading weather forecast data from meteorological mesoscale models; ii) running models of tephra dispersal, iii) plotting hazard maps of volcanic ash dispersal and deposition for certain scenarios and, iv) publishing the results on a web-site dedicated to the Italian Civil Protection. Simulations are based on eruptive scenarios obtained by analysing field data collected after the end of recent Etna eruptions. Forecasting is, hence, supported by plume observations carried out by the monitoring system. The system was tested on some explosive events occurred during 2006 and 2007 successfully. The potentiality use of monitoring and forecasting Etna volcanic plumes, in a way to prevent threats to aviation from volcanic ash, is finally discussed.

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Margheriti, Lucia, Concetta Nostro, Ornella Cocina, Mario Castellano, Milena Moretti, Valentino Lauciani, Matteo Quintiliani, et al. "Seismic Surveillance and Earthquake Monitoring in Italy." Seismological Research Letters 92, no. 3 (March 3, 2021): 1659–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0220200380.

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Abstract The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is an Italian research institution with focus on earth sciences. Moreover, the INGV is the operational center for seismic surveillance and earthquake monitoring in Italy and is a part of the civil protection system as a center of expertise on seismic, volcanic, and tsunami risks.INGV operates the Italian National Seismic Network and other networks at national scale and is a primary node of the European Integrated Data Archive for archiving and distributing strong-motion and weak-motion seismic recordings. In the control room in Rome, INGV staff performs seismic surveillance and tsunami warning services; in Catania and Naples, the control rooms are devoted to volcanic surveillance. Volcano monitoring includes locating earthquakes in the regions around the Sicilian (Etna, Eolian Islands, and Pantelleria) and the Campanian (Vesuvius, Campi Fregrei, and Ischia) active volcanoes. The tsunami warning is based on earthquake location and magnitude (M) evaluation for moderate to large events in the Mediterranean region and also around the world. The technologists of the institute tuned the data acquisition system to accomplish, in near real time, automatic earthquake detection, hypocenter and magnitude determination, and evaluation of several seismological products (e.g., moment tensors and ShakeMaps). Database archiving of all parametric results is closely linked to the existing procedures of the INGV seismic surveillance environment and surveillance procedures. Earthquake information is routinely revised by the analysts of the Italian seismic bulletin. INGV provides earthquake information to the Department of Civil Protection (Dipartimento di Protezione Civile) to the scientific community and to the public through the web and social media. We aim at illustrating different aspects of earthquake monitoring at INGV: (1) network operations; (2) organizational structure and the hardware and software used; and (3) communication, including recent developments and planned improvements.

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Barriga Gamarra, Jorge, and Federico Yabar Peralta. "INVESTIGACIÓN DE LA ACTIVIDAD VOLCÁNICA EN TACNA." Ciencia & Desarrollo, no. 6 (April 15, 2019): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.33326/26176033.1999.6.121.

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El proyecto trata sobre el monitoreo de la actividad volcánica en el Departamento de Tacna. Mediante el análisis físico-químico de sus fuentes termales, se definen las zonas volcanogénicas o focos magmáticos y, posteriormente, se diagnostica el estado de su reactivación. Por el momento los volcanes son focos contaminantes de las cuencas hidrográficas Locumba, Sama, Caplina y Río Maure. La Universidad Jorge Basadre Grohmann, o través de su Instituto de Investigación Sísmica y Geotecnia, en coordinación con sus homólogos: Instituto Geofísico del Perú - Arequipa, ORSTOM de Francia y el Instituto Geoquímico de Palermo de Italia, investiga la reactivación de los volcanes.

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Massa, Bruno, Camillo Antonino Cusimano, Paolo Fontana, and Cesare Brizio. "New Unexpected Species of Acheta (Orthoptera, Gryllidae) from the Italian Volcanic Island of Pantelleria." Diversity 14, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 802. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14100802.

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In late April 2022, while listening to audio files from an unsupervised bioacoustic assessment of the shearwater populations (Aves, Procellariiformes) on the coast of Pantelleria island (Sicily, Italy), a cricket song of unknown attribution was heard. The first bioacoustic analyses, including FFT-based spectrograms and sound pressure envelopes, confirmed that it could not be attributed to the known sound of any Italian nor Mediterranean species of cricket. In the ensuing weeks, field research at the original station and further localities on the southern coast of Pantelleria provided photographs, living specimens, and further audio records. As soon as the photos were shared among the authors, it became clear the species belonged to the genus Acheta. Further bioacoustic analyses and morphological comparison with type specimens of Mediterranean and North-African congenerics in relevant collections and the scientific literature were conducted: they confirmed that the findings could only be attributed to a still undescribed species that escaped detection due to its impervious and unfrequented habitat. Acheta pantescus n. sp. is apparently restricted to the effusive coastal cliffs of the island of Pantelleria, a habitat whose scant extension and vulnerability require environmental protection actions such as the inclusion in a special Red List by the IUCN Italian Committee.

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Tema, Evdokia. "An Updated Catalogue of Italian Palaeomagnetic Data from Volcanic Rocks and Archaeological Artifacts." Publications of the Institute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences; Geophysical Data Bases, Processing and Instrumentation 423, no. C-112 (June 27, 2018): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.25171/instgeoph_pas_publs-2018-078.

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Vingiani, S., F. Terribile, and P. Adamo. "Weathering and particle entrapment at the rock–lichen interface in Italian volcanic environments." Geoderma 207-208 (October 2013): 244–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geoderma.2013.05.015.

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Masci, F., P. Palangio, and A. Meloni. "The INGV tectonomagnetic network: 2004–2005 preliminary dataset analysis." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 6, no. 5 (September 11, 2006): 773–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-6-773-2006.

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Abstract. It is well established that earthquakes and volcanic eruption can produce small variations in the local geomagnetic field. The Italian Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) tectonomagnetic network was installed in Central Italy since 1989 to investigate possible effects on the local geomagnetic field related to earthquakes occurrences. At the present time, total geomagnetic field intensity data are collected in four stations using proton precession magnetometers. We report the complete dataset for the period of years 2004–2005. The data of each station are differentiated respect to the data of the other stations in order to detect local field anomalies removing the contributions from the other sources, external and internal to the Earth. Unfortunately, no correlation between geomagnetic anomalies and the local seismic activity, recorded in Central Italy by the INGV Italian Seismic National Network, was found in this period. Some deceptive structures present in the differentiated data are pointed out.

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Gentile, Gabriele, Roberto Argano, and Stefano Taiti. "Insights into the late-Sixties taxocenosis of Oniscidea from the Pontine islands (West Mediterranean) (Peracarida: Isopoda)." Fragmenta Entomologica 51, no. 2 (November 15, 2019): 217–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/fe.2019.369.

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We report and discuss faunistic data of Oniscidea inhabiting the Pontine islands, a group of five small volcanic islands and several islets in the Tyrrhenian Sea, located about 60 km from the Italian mainland. Data here presented were primarily obtained from the examination of the material collected during a three-year (1965-1968) research program supported by the Italian National Council of Research and aimed at investigating Mediterranean small island faunas, including Oniscidea. Despite the sampling was not specifically directed at Oniscidea, these data may provide insights into the structure of the Oniscidean taxocenosis of the islands as it existed fifty years ago. Thirty-five species belonging to 11 families, 8 ecological and 7 biogeographical classes were found on these islands. Such number of species of Oniscidea is very high, if we consider the low number of islands and their small sizes. Changes in climate and environmental conditions occurred in the last fifty years would call for a new investigation.

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Cruciani, G., P. Orlandi, M. Pasero, and M. Russo. "First Italian occurrence of cumengéite from Vesuvius: crystal-structure refinement and revision of the chemical formula." Mineralogical Magazine 69, no. 6 (December 2005): 1037–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/0026461056960306.

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AbstractThe first Italian occurrence of cumengéite, a rare Pb and Cu hydroxychloride, is described from Vesuvius (Italy). Italian cumengéite has a volcanic origin (it occurs in the fumarole), which is unique for that mineral. The mineralogy of Vesuvius' fumarole is outlined briefly. A powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern of cumengéite is presented. The crystal structure of cumengéite has been refined (R= 0.036) using single-crystal XRD data. Cumengéite is tetragonal, space groupI4/mmm,a15.1007(2),c24.4940(4) Å. In the structure of cumengéite there are five independent Pb atoms, which are linked to 6—9 anions in five different ways. The structural study revealed the presence of two independent and previously unobserved water molecules, and led to the revision of the accepted chemical formula for the mineral: the new formula is Cu20Pb21Cl42(OH)40·6H2O. Analytical data taken from the literature for cumengéite from Boléo, Mexico (the type locality), as well as a new structural study carried out on the type material confirmed the new formula.

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Avanzinelli, R., T. Elliott, S. Tommasini, and S. Conticelli. "Constraints on the Genesis of Potassium-rich Italian Volcanic Rocks from U/Th Disequilibrium." Journal of Petrology 49, no. 2 (December 12, 2007): 195–223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/petrology/egm076.

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Cusano, Paola, Enza De Lauro, Antonietta Esposito, Mariarosaria Falanga, Danilo Galluzzo, and Simona Petrosino. "Preface to “Understanding volcanic processes through geophysical and volcanological data investigations: some case studies from Italian sites (EGU2019 GMPV5.11 session, COV10 S01.11 session)”." Advances in Geosciences 52 (June 1, 2021): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/adgeo-52-153-2021.

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Abstract. Volcanic dynamics is driven by the complex interplay between fluid flow (circulation of magmatic and/or hydrothermal fluids) and rock structure (volcano conduits, dykes), the comprehension of which requires both multi-parametric monitoring and modelling of relevant physical and chemical processes of the system. Understanding the factors controlling the dynamics of the processes involved in these interactions is necessary to characterize the overall behaviour of a volcano and the eventual transition mechanisms among stationarity, unrest phases and eruptive styles. The starting point in this context is to have high-quality data of several parameters (seismological, geochemical, geodetic, volcanological), acquired both over years of monitoring activity and focused field experiments. Fundamental contributions come from the use of combined multi-parametric datasets and the adoption of innovative analysis techniques and multi-disciplinary approaches. This Special Issue is addressed to those researchers, who focus their investigations in the field of volcano dynamics. Its main purpose is to shed light on the processes occurring in active volcanic systems over different time scales, with relevant implications for the hazards and the modern monitoring, thus promoting future discussions on this topic. The Issue contains this introducing preface, which describes the Volume aims, and 14 papers, reflecting the main themes. The papers are devoted to the study of some Italian sites, but the proposed approaches are general and therefore applicable to any other volcanic/hydrothermal areas.

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Borgia, Andrea, Alberto Mazzoldi, Carlo Alberto Brunori, Carmine Allocca, Carlo Delcroix, Luigi Micheli, Alberto Vercellino, and Giovanni Grieco. "Volcanic spreading forcing and feedback in geothermal reservoir development, Amiata Volcano, Italia." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 284 (September 2014): 16–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2014.07.018.

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Flahaut, Jessica, Janice L. Bishop, Simone Silvestro, Dario Tedesco, Isabelle Daniel, and Damien Loizeau. "The Italian Solfatara as an analog for Mars fumarolic alteration." American Mineralogist 104, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1565–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/am-2019-6899.

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Abstract The first definitive evidence for continental vents on Mars is the in situ detection of amorphous silica-rich outcrops by the Mars Exploration Rover Spirit. These outcrops have been tentatively interpreted as the result of either acid sulfate leaching in fumarolic environments or direct precipitation from hot springs. Such environments represent prime targets for upcoming astrobiology missions but remain difficult to identify with certainty, especially from orbit. To contribute to the identification of fumaroles and hot spring deposits on Mars, we surveyed their characteristics at the analog site of the Solfatara volcanic crater in central Italy. Several techniques of mineral identification (VNIR spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, XRD) were used both in the field and in the laboratory on selected samples. The faulted crater walls showed evidence of acid leaching and alteration into the advanced argillic-alunitic facies, with colorful deposits containing alunite, jarosite, and/or hematite. Sublimates containing various Al and Fe hydroxyl-sulfates were observed around the active fumarole vents at 90 °C. One vent at 160 °C was characterized by different sublimates enriched in As and Hb sulfide species. Amorphous silica and alunite assemblages that are diagnostic of silicic alteration were also observed at the Fangaia mud pots inside the crater. A wide range of minerals was identified at the 665 m diameter Solfatara crater that is diagnostic of acid-steam heated alteration of a trachytic, porous bedrock. Importantly, this mineral diversity was captured at each site investigated with at least one of the techniques used, which lends confidence for the recognition of similar environments with the next-generation Mars rovers.

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Di Renzo, Valeria, Carlo Pelullo, Ilenia Arienzo, Lucia Civetta, Paola Petrosino, and Massimo D’Antonio. "Geochemical and Sr-Isotopic Study of Clinopyroxenes from Somma-Vesuvius Lavas: Inferences for Magmatic Processes and Eruptive Behavior." Minerals 12, no. 9 (August 31, 2022): 1114. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12091114.

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Somma-Vesuvius is one of the most dangerous active Italian volcanoes, due to the explosive character of its activity and because it is surrounded by an intensely urbanized area. For mitigating the volcanic risks, it is important to define how the Somma-Vesuvius magmatic system worked during the past activity and what processes took place. A continuous coring borehole drilled at Camaldoli della Torre, along the southern slopes of Somma-Vesuvius, allowed reconstructing its volcanic and magmatic history in a previous study. In this work, the wide range of chemical (Mg# = 92–69) and isotopic (87Sr/86Sr = 0.70781–0.70681) compositions, collected on single clinopyroxene crystals separated from selected lava flow units of the Camaldoli della Torre sequence, have been integrated with the already available bulk geochemical and Sr-isotopic data. The detected chemical and isotopic signatures and their variation through time allow us to better constrain the behavior of the volcano magmatic feeding system, highlighting that mixing and/or assimilation processes occurred before a significant change in the eruptive dynamics at Somma-Vesuvius during a period of polycyclic caldera formation, starting with the Pomici di Base Plinian eruption (ca. 22 ka).

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FRANZA, ANNARITA, CARMELA PETTI, and GIOVANNI PRATESI. "MORE THAN JUST A ROCK COLLECTION. THE METEORITE COLLECTION OF THE ITALIAN GEOLOGIST TEODORO MONTICELLI (1759–1845)." Earth Sciences History 40, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 39–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.17704/1944-6187-40.1.39.

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ABSTRACT This paper is focused on the meteorite collection that belonged to the Italian naturalist and geologist Teodoro Monticelli (1759–1845). Today he is mainly remembered as both the author of books and essays on the volcanic activity of Mount Vesuvius and as the owner of a mineralogical cabinet of more than 16,000 specimens. Monticelli’s scientific activity as a meteorite collector is, however, largely forgotten. This contribution presents for the first time the meteorite collection that belonged to Teodoro Monticelli and is now preserved at the Royal Mineralogical Museum of Naples. We reconstruct the history of the collection and argue that it represents an exceptional example of historical heritage. We also highlight the potential of the collection as a scientific research tool.

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Leicher, Niklas, Giovanni Zanchetta, Roberto Sulpizio, Biagio Giaccio, Bernd Wagner, Sebastien Nomade, Alexander Francke, and Paola Del Carlo. "First tephrostratigraphic results of the DEEP site record from Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania)." Biogeosciences 13, no. 7 (April 13, 2016): 2151–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-2151-2016.

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Abstract. A tephrostratigraphic record covering the Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1–15 was established for the DEEP site record of Lake Ohrid (Macedonia and Albania). Major element analyses (energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and wavelength-dispersive spectroscopy (WDS)) were carried out on juvenile fragments extracted from 12 tephra layers (OH-DP-0115 to OH-DP-2060). The geochemical analyses of the glass shards of all of these layers suggest an origin in the Italian volcanic provinces. They include the Y-3 (OH-DP-0115, 26.68–29.42 ka cal BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite–Y-5 (OH-DP-0169, 39.6 ± 0.1 ka), and the X-6 (OH-DP-0404, 109 ± 2 ka) from the Campanian volcanoes, the P-11 of Pantelleria (OH-DP-0499, 133.5 ± 2 ka), the Vico B (OH-DP-0617, 162 ± 6 ka) from the Vico volcano, the Pozzolane Rosse (OH-DP-1817, 457 ± 2 ka) and the Tufo di Bagni Albule (OH-DP-2060, 527 ± 2 ka) from the Colli Albani volcanic district, and the Fall A (OH-DP-2010, 496 ± 3 ka) from the Sabatini volcanic field. Furthermore, a comparison of the Ohrid record with tephrostratigraphic records of mid-distal archives related to the Mediterranean area allowed the recognition of the equivalents of other less known tephra layers, such as the TM24a–POP2 (OH-DP-0404, 102 ± 2 ka) recognized in the Lago Grande di Monticchio and the Sulmona Basin, the CF-V5–PRAD3225 (OH-DP-0624, ca. 163 ± 22 ka) identified in the Campo Felice Basin and the Adriatic Sea, the SC5 (OH-DP-1955, 493.1 ± 10.9 ka) recognized in the Mercure Basin, and the A11/12 (OH-DP-2017, 511 ± 6 ka) sampled at the Acerno Basin, whose specific volcanic sources are still poorly constrained. Additionally, one cryptotephra (OH-DP-0027) was identified by correlation of the potassium X-ray flourescence (XRF) intensities from the DEEP site with those from a short core of a previous study from Lake Ohrid. In these cores, a maximum in potassium is caused by glass shards, which were correlated with the Mercato tephra (8.43–8.63 ka cal BP) from Somma–Vesuvius. The tephrostratigraphic work presented here allows, for the first time, the extension of a consistent part of the Middle Pleistocene tephrostratigraphy of Italian volcanoes as far as the Balkans. The establishment of the tephrostratigraphic framework for the Lake Ohrid record provides important, independent tie points for the age–depth model of the DEEP site sequence, which is a prerequisite for palaeoclimatic and palaeoenvironmental reconstructions. Furthermore, this age–depth model will help to improve and re-evaluate the chronology of other, both undated and dated tephra layers from other records. Thus, the Lake Ohrid record may potentially become the template for the central Mediterranean tephrostratigraphy, especially for the hitherto poorly known and explored lower Middle Pleistocene period.

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Leicher, N., G. Zanchetta, R. Sulpizio, B. Giaccio, B. Wagner, S. Nomade, A. Francke, and P. Del Carlo. "First tephrostratigraphic results of the DEEP site record from Lake Ohrid, Macedonia." Biogeosciences Discussions 12, no. 18 (September 17, 2015): 15411–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bgd-12-15411-2015.

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Abstract. A~tephrostratigraphic record covering the Marine Isotope Stages (MIS) 1–15 was established for the DEEP site record of Lake Ohrid (Macedonia/Albania). Major element analyses (SEM-EDS/WDS) were carried out on juvenile fragments extracted from 12 tephra layers (OH-DP-0115 to OH-DP-2060). The geochemical analyses of the glass shards of all of these layers suggest an origin from the Italian Volcanic Provinces. They include: the Y-3 (OH-DP-0115, 26.68–29.42 cal ka BP), the Campanian Ignimbrite/Y-5 (OH-DP-0169, 39.6 ± 0.1 ka), and the X-6 (OH-DP-0404, 109 ± 2 ka) from the Campanian volcanoes, the P-11 of the Pantelleria Island (OH-DP-0499, 129 ± 6 ka), the Vico B (OH-DP-0617, 162 ± 6 ka) from the Vico volcano, the Pozzolane Rosse (OH-DP-1817, 457 ± 2 ka) and the Tufo di Bagni Albule (OH-DP-2060, 527 ± 2 ka) from the Colli Albani volcanic district, and the Fall A (OH-DP-2010, 496 ± 3 ka) from the Sabatini volcanic field. Furthermore, a comparison of the Ohrid record with tephrostratigraphic records of mid-distal archives related to the Mediterranean area, allowed the recognition of the equivalents of other less known tephra layers, such as the TM24-a/POP2 (OH-DP-0404, 101.8 ka) from the Lago Grande di Monticchio and the Sulmona basin, the CF-V5/PRAD3225 (OH-DP-0624, ca. 162 ka) from the Campo Felice basin/Adriatic Sea, the SC5 (OH-DP-1955, 493.1 ± 10.9 ka) from the Mercure basin, and the A11/12 (OH-DP-2017, 511 ± 6 ka) from the Acerno basin, whose specific volcanic sources are still poorly constrained. Additionally, one cryptotephra (OH-DP-0027) was identified by correlation of the potassium XRF intensities from the DEEP site with those from short cores of previous studies from Lake Ohrid. In these cores, a maximum in potassium is caused by glass shards, which were correlated with the Mercato tephra (8.43–8.63 cal ka BP) from Somma-Vesuvius. With the tephrostratigraphic work, a consistent part of the Middle Pleistocene tephrostratigraphic framework of Italian volcanoes was for the first time extended as far as to the Balkans. The establishment of the tephrostratigraphic framework for the Lake Ohrid record provides important, independent tie-points for the age-depth model of the DEEP site sequence, which is a prerequisite for paleoclimatic and -environmental reconstructions. Furthermore, this age-depth model will help to improve and re-evaluate the chronology of other, both undated and dated tephra layers from other records. Thus, the Lake Ohrid record is candidate to become the Rosetta stone for the central Mediterranean tephrostratigraphy, especially for the hitherto poorly known and explored lower Middle Pleistocene period.

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Paterne, M., F. Guichard, J. C. Duplessy, G. Siani, R. Sulpizio, and J. Labeyrie. "A 90,000–200,000 yrs marine tephra record of Italian volcanic activity in the Central Mediterranean Sea." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 177, no. 1 (October 2008): 187–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2007.11.028.

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Mileti, Florindo A., Simona Vingiani, Piero Manna, Giuliano Langella, and Fabio Terribile. "An integrated approach to studying the genesis of andic soils in Italian non-volcanic mountain ecosystems." CATENA 159 (December 2017): 35–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catena.2017.07.022.

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Bianco, Francesca, and Lucia Zaccarelli. "A reappraisal of shear wave splitting parameters from Italian active volcanic areas through a semiautomatic algorithm." Journal of Seismology 13, no. 2 (September 11, 2008): 253–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10950-008-9125-z.

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Gasperini, D., J. Blichert-Toft, D. Bosch, A. Del Moro, P. Macera, and F. Albarède. "Upwelling of deep mantle material through a plate window: Evidence from the geochemistry of Italian basaltic volcanics." Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 107, B12 (December 2002): ECV 7–1—ECV 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2001jb000418.

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Stenni, B., R. Caprioli, L. Cimino, C. Cremisini, O. Flora, R. Gragnani, A. Longinelli, V. Maggi, and S. Torcini. "200 years of isotope and chemical records in a firn core from Hercules Névé, northern Victoria Land, Antarctica." Annals of Glaciology 29 (1999): 106–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3189/172756499781821175.

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AbstractA 42.2 m firn core was collected at the Hercules Névé plateau (100 km inland and 2960 m a.s.L), northern Victoria Land, during the 1994-95 Italian Antarctic Expedition. Chemical (Cl–, NO3–, SO42–’; δ18O δ18O δ18O; m-2a-1) and isotope (5180) analyses were performed to evaluate the snow-accumulation rate at this site. Tritium measurements were performed in the upper part of the core to narrow down the dating of the core.High nssSO42- concentrations seem to be related to some explosive volcanic eruptions, such as Tambora (AD 1815) and the preceding event called "Unknown" (AD 1809), Coseguina (AD 1835), Makjan (AD 1861), Krakatoa (AD 1883) and Tarawera (AD 1886).A comparison between the seasonal variations observed in the isotope and chemical profiles was carried out in order to reduce the dating uncertainty, using the tritium and the volcanic markers as time constraints. A deposition period of 222 years was determined.The 3 year smoothed «5180 profile shows more negative values from the bottom of the core (dated AD 1770) throughout the 19th century, suggesting "cooler" conditions, in agreement with other East Antarctic ice-core records! Subsequently, a general increase in δ180-values is observed.The calculated average snow-accumulation rates between the above-mentioned time markers are 111-129 kg m-2a-1.

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Alberghina, Mario. "The island, the volcanic chemical phenomena and the regius professor Daubeny." Bullettin of the Gioenia Academy of Natural Sciences of Catania 55, no. 385 (September 18, 2022): FP82—FP95. http://dx.doi.org/10.35352/gioenia.v55i385.102.

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In the library of the Gioenian Academy are stored two copies of the book A Description of active and extinct Volcanoes, of Earthquakes, and of Thermal Springs (London 1848, II edition), bearing a dedication to the Academy by Dr Charles Daubeny. The author was a prominent chemist, geologist and botanist which made a particular endeavour to write A kind of Guide-book to the explorers of Districts in which Volcanic phaenomena occur abroad. Daubeny was elected to the prestigious Aldrichian Chair of Chemistry, University of Oxford (1834), was appointed to the Sherardian Chair of Botany (1834) and to the Sibthorpian Chair of Rural Economy (1840). He undertook interesting travels to Europe and North America (1819-1845), particularly three journeys to the south of Italy (1823-1845). He wrote Sketch of the Geology of Sicily (The Edinburgh Philosophical Journal, 1825), a booklet in two parts never translated into Italian. During the visit to the Etna region Daubeny had contact with local scholars such as Mario and Carlo Gemmellaro, Giuseppe Alessi and Carmelo Maravigna which supported his appointment as foreign associate of the Gioenian Society at Catania since 10 June 1824. He was the first of the squad of geologists as early foreign corresponding or honorary members. The relevance of his main book, Sicilian booklet and other works is discussed.

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Azzella, M. M., L. Rosati, M. Iberite, R. Bolpagni, and C. Blasi. "Changes in aquatic plants in the Italian volcanic-lake system detected using current data and historical records." Aquatic Botany 112 (January 2014): 41–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aquabot.2013.07.005.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Italian Volcanism'

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