Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Italian Volcanism'
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Romano, Pierdomenico. "The ground deformations: tools, methods and application to some Italian volcanic regions." Doctoral thesis, Universita degli studi di Salerno, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10556/332.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is the study of slow deformation of the soil as a result of intrusion of magma inside the magmatic chambers of some volcanoes located in Southern Italy. In particular, the Mt. Vesuvius and Campi Flegrei caldera have been monitored over the last 7 years. The research has been accomplished through the use of geodetic instrumentation (long baseline tiltmeters, Sacks-Evertson dilatometers) that has been installed during the entire period of the research near the aforementioned volcanoes. The data were recorded with the aid of data-logger, some of which are specifically designed for the current research. Campi Flegrei and Mt. Vesuvius are two volcanoes located near Naples, already monitored by Osservatorio Vesuviano, the local office of INGV (Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia). In the last 40 years systematic recordings of seismic data, of changes in distance of milestones, of leveling lines, of local gravimetric anomalies and of GPS-InSAR data have been carried out. Starting from 2004, the monitoring network maintained by Osservatorio Vesuviano has been enriched by the DINEV project: this is intended as a complementary network of geodetic stations and consists in the installation of a small array of 6 borehole stations (with an average depth of 120 m), each of which is constituted by a three components borehole broadband seismometer Teledyne Geotech KS2000BH and a Sacks-Evertson areal strainmeter (dilatometer). In addition, two three components surface broadband seismometers Guralp CMG 3-ESP have been installed to control the anthropogenic surface noise. In Campi Flegrei caldera, then, another array of instruments has been installed: two long baseline water tiltmeters have been installed in Italian Army abandoned tunnels. The total length of tiltmeters is about 350 m for the northernmost tunnel, and of about 150 m for the southernmost tunnel. Tiltmeters were installed, respectively, in axial and tangential direction in respect with the position of the Campi Flegrei magmatic chamber. The use of the instruments described in the current report allows to model the strain field in the range of low frequencies, monitoring the deformation tensor for its non-diagonal components (pure tilt) by using the tiltmeters, and the diagonal components (pure deformation) by using the dilatometers. The monitoring is occurred for a time range of some years in length, needed to remove the seasonal drifts due to changes in rainfalls, while the deformation due to changes in barometric pressure have been deleted using linear regression techniques. [edited by author]
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Carrazana, Di Lucia Ariana. "El volcanismo calcoalcalino y peralcalino del suroeste de Cerdeña (Italia) y mineralizaciones asociadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672411.
Full textThe Oligo-Miocene volcanism from SW Sardinia (Italy) presents peralkaline and alkaline rocks of an anorogenic geodynamic environment erupted after the orogenic magmatism. 40Ar/39Ar geochronology marks the end of the calc-alkaline magmatic activity at 16.18±0.04 Ma and the beginning of the anorogenic episode at 15.96±0.04 Ma. The Sulcis volcanism related to a 30x20 km piecemeal elliptical caldera with a NE-SW direction major axis was formed in a sinistral transtensional regimen. A 3D modeling on Sulcis Mainland provides 21 km3 of ignimbrite flows erupted in ~1.5 Ma (in all likelihood 100 km3 for the whole caldera). Significant Mn mineralizations of volcanic-hydrothermal origin are controlled by the intersection of radial faults with the caldera ring system. Detailed mapping in Sulcis region shows a sequence of ~1300 m (domes, lavas and pyroclastic flows) in 7 volcanic series (25 units and 42 subunits from andesites to peralkaline rhyolites). On San Pietro Island, evidence of submarine volcanism is shown in an environment marked by magmatic-hydrothermal activity at the end of the middle rhyolitic (MRH) and the lower comenditic (LCO) series. This tectonic-magmatic-hydrothermal activity is more important between Macchione and Cala Fico area, along a radial E-W fault, with respect to the caldera ring. In this context, there is a vent-proximal Sedex type deposit with Mn oxides, jaspers and ochres. This deposit corresponds to the first mineralized system genetically related to the caldera collapse, along with changes in sea level local conditions, faults reactivation limiting horst and grabens, and fluids circulation of magmatic and marine origin. This hydrothermal system is active on top of the MRH series for ~10 ka. A second event is produced by the eruption of the first comenditic units in the LCO series, also in a marine-influenced and hydrothermal-epigenetic Mn-Fe mineralization environment, ~220 ka after the first event. Minor hydrothermal mineralizations occur during the eruption of the Monte Ulmus unit in San Pietro and Sant'Antioco. The Sr-Nd-Pb isotopes show a magma generation starting by DMM+EM1 that evolves to an EM2 component at MRH and peralkaline rocks. The 87Sr/86Sr vs. Zr/Nb relation shows radiogenic Sr isotopes enrichment as peralkaline magmas evolve by fractional crystallization.
Albert, Paul Graham. "Volcanic glass geochemistry of Italian proximal deposits linked to distal archives in the central Mediterranean region." Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2012. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.588304.
Full textTufano, Antonella. "Les paysages volcaniques : les mythes, la science, l'art." Paris, EHESS, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EHES0097.
Full textCalvagna, Simona. "I paesaggi viventi : presenze laviche dentro la citta di Catania." Paris 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA010543.
Full textGasperini, Daniela. "Geochimie et geodynamique du volcanisme recent en toscane et dans le latium (italie centrale)." Lyon, Ecole normale supérieure, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001ENSL0176.
Full textPaterne, Martine. "Reconstruction de l'activité explosive des volcans de l'Italie du Sud par téphrochronologie marine." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112104.
Full textThe tephrochronological study, together with oxygen isotope stratigraphy of 5 cores, collected in the Tyrrhenian and Adriatic seas allows a detailed reconstruction of the explosive activity of the south Italian volcanoes, especially those of the Campanian province, during the past 150,000 years. Some marine tephra-layers were correlated to dated terrestrial deposits, which permits the dating of the oxygen isotope fluctuations during the past 60,000 years. Several volcanic pulses were recognized during the past 150,000 years without any recognizable periodicities. Nevertheless, the comparisons of the Italian volcanic activity with that of theirs volcanic areas show a common quiet period around 15,000 – 17,000 years. Analyses of the volcanic and paleoclimatic variations show that within a scale of thousand years, the increase of volcanism has no climatic effect, and cannot trigger the glacial advances
Léocat, Erell. "Histoire éruptive des volcans du secteur occidental des Iles Eoliennes (sud de la mer Tyrrhénienne, Italie) et évolution temporelle du magmatisme." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112343.
Full textThe Aeolian Islands arc is a complex volcanic province located on the continental margin of the Calabro-Peloritan basement. It emplaced in a geodynamic setting linked to the convergence of African and European plates. In this study, we focused on the western volcanoes of Aeolian Archipelago. They contain the range of geochemical compositions typical of convergence settings, from calc-alkaline (CA) to shoshonitic series (SHO) through high-K CA (HKCA). These magmas were emitted in a short span time of less than 300 ka that attests to the complexity of the volcano-tectonic evolution of this province. We report on thirty seven new geochronological data, on seventy three new geochemical data and on geomorphological analysis to study the temporal evolution of magmatism and of morphological structures. Before 180 ka, only Filicudi, Salina and Lipari volcanoes had emerged activity and emitted CA magmas, with minor HKCA products at Lipari. After 120-130 ka, Alicudi and Vulcano volcanoes emerged simultaneously to the western and southern extremities of the archipelago. Alicudi magmas have the more primitive composition. SHO and HKCA products were emitted on Lipari and Vulcano, while only CA magmas were emplaced on Filicudi and Salina. After 40 ka, Filicudi emitted mafic HKCA magmas while Alicudi and Salina emitted mainly CA magmas. Products of SHO affinity were emplaced at Lipari and Vulcano. At the scale of the archipelago, two main magma composition changes occurred around 120 and 40 ka that would have been caused by regional changes. At the scale of a single volcano, the magmatic evolution is more complex reflecting different processes specific to each volcano
Caron, Benoît. "Contribution of distal ash deposits to the knowledge of explosive activity of Italian volcanoes insights for hazard zonation." Paris 11, 2010. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00545633.
Full textIn addition to the destruction of the sites close to the volcanoes, the accumulation of volcanic ash in distal zones can cause serious damages but the evaluation of the related hazard is not fully addressed in present day mitigation plans. The dispersion study joined with the physical and geochemical characterization, of distal pyroclastics deposits produced by explosive eruption of Italian volcanoes during late Quaternary was the focus of this PhD project. The distal deposits were investigated through the tephrostratigraphic study of three lacustrine cores from Lake Shkodra and Lake Ohrid (Albania), and one marine core from the northern Ionian Sea. Seventeen tephra layers were correlated with explosive eruptions of A. D. 472, Avellino (3. 9 cal. Ka BP) from Somma-Vesuvius, Monte Pilato (A. D. 1200), Gabellotto-Fiumebianco (8. 6 cal ka BP) and Monte Guardia (22 ka BP) from Lipari Island, FL (3. 4 cal. Ka BP) from Mount Etna, Astroni (4. 2 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Monte Spina (4. 5 cal. Ka BP), Agnano Pomici Principali (12. 3 cal. Ka BP), SMP1-Y3 (31 ka) and Campanian Ignimbrite-Y5 (39 ka) from Phlegrean Fields, X6 (107 ka) from Campanian, P11 tephra layer (131 ka) from Pantelleria Island. Five other tephra layers have the Mercato deposit composition from Somma-Vesuvius. This suggests the occurrence of interplinian activity between the eruptions of Mercato (8. 9 cal ka BP) and Avellino (3. 9 cal ka BP). All the data were collated into a GIS and integrated with literature data. This data-base implemented in a GIS environment allows a significant improvement of the ash dispersal and represents an useful tool for the improvement of volcanic hazard mitigation in Central Mediterranean area
Gisbert, Pinto Guillem. "The Miocene volcanism of the Sulcis area (SW Sardinia, Italy): Petrology, petrogenesis and geodynamic significance." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/84110.
Full textDurant l’Oligo-Miocè el funcionament en roll-back de la subducció sota el marge continental europeu de l’oest Mediterrani va provocar el desenganxament de la microplaca Sard-Corsa d’aquest marge i la seva migració primer amb una translació cap al SE i posteriorment amb una rotació en sentit antihorari fins a assolir la seva posició actual. Associada a aquest desplaçament es va produir l’obertura de la conca Liguro-Provençal en posició de back-arc. Com a resultat de la subducció es va produir abundant magmatisme calco-alcalí d’afinitat orogènica a l’illa de Sardenya. A la zona del Sulcis, al SW de Sardenya, el magmatisme va compartir inicialment les mateixes característiques que la resta del magmatisme sard, formant un apilament de doms i colades làviques de composicions andesítiques. Però cap als estadis finals del cicle magmàtic, els magmes generats van migrar de composició, donant lloc a un apilament d’unitats ignimbrítiques amb composicions majoritàriament riolítiques de transicionals a lleugerament alcalines. Malgrat la marcada diferència composicional entre la seqüència ignimbrítica del Sulcis i la resta del magmatisme Oligo-Miocè sard, aquesta va ser considerada com un exemple més d’aquest magmatisme. Per resoldre en part aquesta situació s’ha realitzat aquesta tesi. En aquest estudi s’ha revisat la seqüència vulcanoestratigràfica descrita així com les cartografies existents per tal de realitzar un mostreig sistemàtic de la seqüència ignimbrítica. L’estudi de les mostres recollides ha permès caracteritzar totes les unitats que formen la seqüència des del punt de vista de petrogràfic i geoquímic. Les dades obtingudes han permès desenvolupar una metodologia per al reconeixement de les unitats ignimbrítiques en base a la geoquímica de roca total, així com abordar l’estudi de la petrogènesi d’aquesta associació magmàtica. S’ha obtingut informació sobre l’àrea font dels magmes, que ha pogut ser caracteritzada, sobre els mecanismes de formació dels magmes estudiats i el seu significat geodinàmic, i sobre els processos que van controlar l’evolució dels magmes des de la seva formació fins a la seva expulsió en superfície en forma de materials volcànics.
Freret-Lorgeril, Valentin. "Le terme source des panaches de téphras : applications radars aux volcans Etna et Stromboli (Italie)." Thesis, Université Clermont Auvergne (2017-2020), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018CLFAC057/document.
Full textVolcanic tephra plumes are one of the major volcanic hazards. To forecast their dispersion and the impact zones of their fallout, the numerical models used in operational monitoring are based on eruptive parameters, called the source term, characterizing the plume emission. Source term parameters are challenging to measure in real time. This is why dispersion models are often based on past eruptive scenarios and use empirical laws that relate plume heights to source mass fluxes. However, the model outputs are not well constrained, averaged over the eruption duration, and suffer from large uncertainties. In this topic, Doppler radars are capable of probing the interior of eruptive columns and plumes at high space-time resolution and can provide crucial constraints on the source term in real time. This thesis deals with applications in operational monitoring of dedicated volcanological radars, potentially transposable to most common meteorological radars, to provide eruptive parameters at the source of tephra plumes but also to constrain the dynamics and internal mass load of eruptive columns, volcanic plumes and their fallout.A measurement campaign at Stromboli volcano has shown the capabilities of an innovative coupling between an optical disdrometer (Parsivel2) and a new 3-mm wave Doppler radar (Mini-BASTA). Owing to its high spatio-temporal resolution (12.5 m and 1 s), intermittent sedimentation patterns were observed in the fallout of dilute transient plumes typical of normal strombolian activity. These features, also recorded with the disdrometer, measuring the particle settling speeds and sizes, were reproduced in the laboratory using an analog model. A conceptual model for the formation of reversed sedimentation thermals is proposed to explain these features. It implies that processes leading to irregular sedimentation typical of sustained concentrated strong plumes can be applied to dilute weak plumes, including those formed by normal transient Strombolian activity. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed the validation of particle size and terminal velocity measurements by the disdrometer in the field and in the laboratory, arguing in favor of its operational use. Then, a physical characterization of a large number of ash particles sampled at Stromboli allowed to validate the measurements of size and terminal velocity of falls by disdrometer in the field and in laboratory, justifying also its operational use. From these constraints, a law relating ash concentrations with calculated reflectivity factors was found and compared to in situ radar measurements inside ash plumes and fallout. The modal and maximum internal concentrations of Strombolian plumes are at about 1 × 10-5 kg m-3 and 7.5 × 10-4 kg m-3 respectively, well above the threshold for aviation safety. Ash concentrations in the fallout range from 1.9× 10-8 to 2.4 × 10-6 kg m-3 with a mode at about 4 × 10-7 kg m-3.Finally, this thesis work shows operational applications of the UHF VOLDORAD 2B radar for the monitoring of explosive activity at Etna. A methodology, applicable to any Doppler radar, has been developed to obtain tephra mass eruption rates in real time from a mass proxy, based only on measured ejection velocities and power, and calibrated with an eruptive column model taking crosswinds into account. Tephra mass fluxes found for 47 paroxysms between 2011 and 2015 range from 3 × 104 to over 3 × 106 kg s-1. Then, tephra plumes heights of four Etna paroxysms were simulated using the eruptive column model Plume-MoM from the radar-derived mass eruption rates and were found consistent with real-time observations made by visible imagery and by X-band radar. This last part demonstrates the capabilities of VOLDORAD 2B to provide quantitative input parameters for dispersion models in the case of future Etna paroxysms. (...)
Finizola, Anthony. "Etude de systèmes hydrothermaux de volcans actifs : Misti (Pérou) et Stromboli (Italie) ; Approches géophysiques et géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2002. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007505.
Full textTravers, Metrich Nicole. "Mécanismes d'évolution à l'origine des magmas potassiques d'Italie Centrale et Méridionale : exemples du Mt Somma-Vésuve, des champs phlégréens et de l'île de Ventotène." Paris 11, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985PA112350.
Full textSince one million years, potassic to highly potassic magmas have erupted along the Tyrrhenian margin of the Central and Southern Apennins, through three main tectonic systems (NW-SE, NE-SW, E-W). The present work deals with the magmatic liquids intracrustale evolution of the Mt Somma Vesuve and the Phlegrean Fields and Ventotene Island volcanoes. In this regard, we have diversified the studying methods, basing ourselves on the accurate volcanic history of the apparatus and showing a special interest in the crystallization conditions (chemical and mineralogical variations, thermal gradients, nature and importance of the volatile phase, role of the surrounding sedimentary rocks). Besides the fact that a crystal fractionation process prevails, each system has its own specific evolution, as an indication of the primary magmas variety. In the case of stratovolcanoes, as Mt Somma Vesuve or Ventotene, which are characterized by an activity both effusive and explosive, the plinian and subplinian eruptions reveal a differentiation of the magmas in small and superficial chambers surrounded by sedimentary rocks. Little evidence can be given of contamination of the liquids by these enclosing rocks. On the other hand, the country rock will emphasize the nucleation-crystallization process, leading to cumulate and reactional xenoliths. The Phlegrean Fields volcanic products are mostly pyroclastites of trachytic composition. Their evolution corresponds to that of a great magma chamber probably thermically buffered. Finally, the Campanean magmas (including those of Ventotene) are shown to the possibly originated from partial fusion of hydreous mantle. This hypothesis is based on the Th/Ta ratio (ranging from 7. 5 to 11. 4), these strongly hygromagmaphile elements being considered as source markers
Legaz, Aurélie. "Imagerie et identification des signaux géophysiques distinctifs induits en surface par l'activité hydrothermale." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS008.
Full textThis thesis is a study into the structure and functioning of hydrothermal systems. We focused on two areas, Waimangu, New Zealand, and the Phlegrean Fields - Solfatara, Italy, that we observed with several geophysical methods. The first system was chosen owing to its strong dynamics, and because it seems to be purely hydrothermal, without any magmatic influence; the second one allowed the observation and the geophysical characterization of a shallow hydrothermal plume. Our study first aimed to recognize the large scale structure of the Waimangu hydrothermal system, and to characterize its main surface expressions, namely hot lakes, geysers, and fumaroles. For this purpose, we related the self-potential and the electrical resistivity methods to measurements of temperature and CO2 flux. We then concentrated on three small-scale laboratories : Iodine vent, Inferno Crater Lake, and the Old Geyser Site. These areas are different from each other in size and also in their water chemistry, which is a key parameter in the sensitivity of electrical methods. This range enabled us to implement acoustic and electrical imaging techniques on singular systems that have their own dynamics. At Iodine Pool, the implementation of recent imaging techniques from underwater acoustics allowed us to locate hydrothermal noise sources with high accuracy. The self-potential monitoring of an intermittent vent showed cyclic fluctuations that could be explained by a change in the hydraulic head. The joint application of acoustic and electrical imaging at the Old Geyser Site showed how these two techniques complement each other in defining the location of a hydrothermal structure that matches both acoustic and electrical sources. A third step consisted in the study of the geo-electrical signature of fluid movements that relate to the Inferno cyclic activity. Electrical resistivity monitoring highlighted that the observed lake fluctuations are characterized by notable electrical resistivity changes; these variations could be due to phase changes occurring at depth, and are in good agreement with analog modellings. The experiments that have been made at the Solfatara allowed us to image the hydrothermal plume with electrical methods (3-D resistivity tomography), acoustic and thermal measurements. We present the results from both electrical resistivity tomography and temperature data that allowed us to establish the boundaries of the hydrothermal plume
Gagnol, Isabelle. "Typologie et géochimie du zircon dans les laves alcalines différenciées." Nice, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987NICE4158.
Full textRicher, Geneviève. "Environnement, représentations, pratiques socio-économiques : phénomènes volcanosismiques et structures agraires en Campanie (IIIe s. av.-IIIe s. n.è.)." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/18139.
Full textCaron, Benoît. "EMISSION DE CENDRES PENDANT L'ACTIVITE EXPLOSIVE DES VOLCANS ITALIENS EN ZONE DISTALE : ESTIMATION, CARACTERISATION PHYSICO-CHIMIQUE ET CONTRUCTION D'UNE BASE DE DONNEE POUR MIEUX EVALUER LES ALEAS VOLCANIQUES DANS LE SUD DE L'ITALIE." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00545633.
Full textGouhier, Mathieu. "Application du radar Doppler (VOLDORAD) à l'étude de la dynamique des éruptions Stromboliennes de l'Etna." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00731252.
Full textTonon, Alessia. "Assessment of large wood budget in two different rivers located in Alpine and Andean environment." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3422757.
Full textIn bacini fluviali boschivi, il materiale legnoso è considerato un elemento chiave responsabile dell’aspetto geomorfologico ed ecologico dei sistemi fluviali ma, allo stesso tempo, anche un elemento di pericolo per alcune strutture sensibili. A causa di questo duplice ruolo, l’analisi e la quantificazione del legname nei corsi d’acqua, così come la comprensione dei processi di mobilizzazione e deposizione, sono step cruciali per assicurare una corretta gestione delle zone fluviali. Questo studio valuta il bilancio del materiale legnoso in due corsi d’acqua, al fine di incrementare le conoscenze riguardanti i principali processi in cui il legname è coinvolto, come il reclutamento laterale dovuto ad erosione spondale, il trasporto fluviale e la presenza di legname sepolto. Lo studio è stato condotto in due diversi ambienti fluviali. Un tratto fluviale di 3.7 km è stato selezionato lungo il corso mediano del fiume Piave (Italia), un fiume antropizzato a fondo ghiaioso con morfologie principali wandering e a canali intrecciati con presenza di isole fluviali. Inoltre, tre tratti fluviali con lunghezza di 80 m sono stati selezionati lungo il corso finale del fiume Blanco (Cile), un fiume naturale che ha subìto un drastico cambiamento nella morfologia a causa di una recente eruzione vulcanica. Le tre componenti del budget che sono state considerate, sono state analizzate attraverso attività di campo condotte durante i tre anni di dottorato. Il reclutamento laterale è stato analizzato solamente nel fiume Piave a seguito di una piena superiore alla bankfull (TR~7anni) misurando, geo riferendo ed identificando tutti gli alberi (D≥ 0.1m) posizionati all’interno di un buffer di 20 m di larghezza lungo le sponde della floodplain e lungo il perimetro delle isole. Una metodologia simile è stata applicata per analizzare, in entrambi i fiumi, il trasporto fluviale del legname considerando tutti gli elementi legnosi (D≥0.1m e L≥1m) presenti all’interno dell’alveo. In questo modo, durante i rilievi post-evento è stato possibile identificare gli elementi di input (deposizione) e quelli di output (mobilizzazione). Dal momento che i sedimenti vulcanici causarono la sepoltura di numerosi alberi e materiale legnoso, la presenza di legname sepolto è stata analizzata solamente nel fiume Blanco, testando l’efficacia di un georadar. Il bilancio del legname è stato analizzato, nel caso del fiume Piave, per piene ordinarie (TR<1anno), mentre per il fiume Blanco sono state considerate sia piene ordinarie (TR~1anno) che non ordinarie (TR 10-25anni). I risultati hanno evidenziato come, nel fiume Piave, il reclutamento per erosione spondale sia un processo importante per la fornitura del legname in alveo. I volumi di legname reclutato variano a seconda dell’estensione delle superfici erose, della tipologia di unità morfologica erosa e a seconda delle caratteristiche della vegetazione ripariale. Durante piene non ordinarie (TR~7anni) sono stati reclutati volumi maggiori (25.1 m3∙km-1) per erosione della floodplain e delle isole fluviali, mentre durante piene ordinarie (TR<1anno) il reclutamento di legname (0.21 m3∙km-1) è avvenuto solo per erosione della floodplain. Inoltre, la magnitudo degli eventi di piena è risultata essere un fattore importante per il controllo delle fluttuazioni temporali dello storage di legname causando una riduzione ed un aumento della quantità di legname in alveo a seguito, rispettivamente, di piene ordinarie e non ordinarie. Per piene non ordinarie, l’aumento dell’area bagnata determina una maggiore inondazione delle barre fluviali e questo permette, allo stesso tempo, la mobilizzazione e deposizione del legname. Oltre alla magnitudo delle piene, un altro fattore responsabile delle variazioni del legname in alveo è riconducibile alla diversa morfologia locale dei tratti analizzati. Maggiori variazioni sono state riscontrate in corrispondenza di morfologie a canali multipli, dove, rispetto alle morfologie a canali singoli, il rapido e maggiore aumento dell’area bagnata aumenta la quantità di legname potenzialmente trasportabile. In particolare, il budget del legname nel fiume Piave si caratterizza per variazioni quasi trascurabili (-9.7%) ed un tasso di mobilità molto basso (1.43%) che rispecchiano la bassa magnitudo degli eventi verificatisi. Diversamente, il fiume Blanco presenta una maggiore dinamicità del legname anche durante eventi di piena ordinari, con tassi di mobilità variabili tra 41 e 94% ed un aumento nello storage di legname fino al 179% dovuto ai notevoli volumi di input (volumi massimi 285.35 m3∙ha-1). La complessità delle dinamiche del legname del fiume Blanco è avvalorata anche dalla presenza di legname sepolto (1.65 m3∙ha-1) che può essere facilmente riesumato ed aumentare la quantità di legname in transito. Tale analisi ha permesso di dimostrare l’utilità del georadar come un metodo valido e non distruttivo che potrebbe essere utilizzato per colmare questa lacuna inerente il legname sepolto. I risultati ottenuti in questo studio possono essere considerati come dei progressi utili per la comprensione dei tre principali processi legati al legname (reclutamento, mobilizzazione, deposizione) le cui conoscenze sono essenziali al fine di mantenere i benefici del legname per il sistema fluviale e minimizzare i potenziali rischi attraverso l’adozione di corretti piani di gestione.
Catry, Thibault. "Magma injections and destabilization of basaltic volcanoes : A numerical study : Application to La Reunion (Indian ocean, France) and Stromboli (Tyrrhenian sea, Italy)." Phd thesis, Université de la Réunion, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00805509.
Full textCONTICELLI, SANDRO. "Genesi del magmatismo alcalino-potassico dell'Italia Centrale: evidenze Petrologiche, Geochimiche e Petrologico Sperimentali." Doctoral thesis, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/442853.
Full textTAMBURELLO, Giancarlo. "Rapid sensing of volcanic SO₂ fluxes using a dual ultraviolet camera system: new techniques and measurements at Southern Italian volcanoes." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/94778.
Full textTAMBURELLO, Giancarlo. "RAPID SENSING OF VOLCANIC SO2 FLUXES USING A DUAL ULTRAVIOLET CAMERA SYSTEM: NEW TECHNIQUES AND MEASUREMNETS AT SOUTHERN ITALIAN VOLCANOES." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/105727.
Full textLegaz, Aurélie. "Imagerie et identification des signaux géophysiques distinctifs induits en surface par l'activité hydrothermale." Phd thesis, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00813307.
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