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Journal articles on the topic 'Italian validation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 March 2023

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1

Biondi, E., M. Allegrezza, S. Casavecchia, D. Galdenzi, D. Gigante, and S. Pesaresi. "Validation of somesyntaxaof Italian vegetation." Plant Biosystems - An International Journal Dealing with all Aspects of Plant Biology 147, no. 1 (February 11, 2013): 186–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/11263504.2013.773948.

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Landi, Giulia, Kenneth I. Pakenham, Ambra Mara Giovannetti, Giovambattista Presti, Giada Boccolini, Alessandra Cola, Silvana Grandi, and Eliana Tossani. "Italian validation of the Italian multidimensional psychological flexibility inventory (MPFI)." Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 21 (July 2021): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcbs.2021.05.007.

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Pirrotta, Fabio, Francesca Timpano, Lilla Bonanno, Domenica Nunnari, Silvia Marino, Placido Bramanti, and Pietro Lanzafame. "Italian Validation of Montreal Cognitive Assessment." European Journal of Psychological Assessment 31, no. 2 (May 1, 2015): 131–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000217.

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Neuropsychological testing is a milestone of good practice to document cognitive deficits in a rapidly aging population. The aim of this paper is to validate the Italian version of Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). We compared subjects performance at the Italian version of MoCA with performance at standard Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE). The whole sample is composed of 287 subjects. All participants were administered three MoCA and a standard MMSE within 4 weeks. Through ROC analysis the optimal MoCA cut-off point was identified, showing high levels of sensitivity and specificity and an accuracy of .96, with 95% confidence interval. Intra rater reliability and intra rater reliability are highly significant with respect to the MMSE. Results highlight that MoCA is a valid instrument in clinical and research screening and monitoring of subjects affected by cognitive disorders. Further studies may be directed to the deepening of the reliability and validity of the test.
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Ciocca, Giacomo, Nicolina Capuano, Bogdan Tuziak, Daniele Mollaioli, Erika Limoncin, Diana Valsecchi, Eleonora Carosa, et al. "Italian Validation of Homophobia Scale (HS)." Sexual Medicine 3, no. 3 (September 2015): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sm2.68.

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5

Liguori, G., M. Di Grazia, S. Pellizzoni, L. Ongaro, A. Cocci, P. Verze, T. Cai, et al. "Peyronie’s disease questionnaire: PDQ-I italian validation." European Urology Open Science 44 (October 2022): S9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s2666-1683(22)01006-0.

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6

Salvi, Carola, Giulio Costantini, Adriana Pace, and Massimiliano Palmiero. "Validation of the Italian Remote Associate Test." Journal of Creative Behavior 54, no. 1 (March 2020): 62–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jocb.345.

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Di Fabio, Annamaria, José María Peiró, Isabel Rodríguez, and Malgorzata Wanda Kozusznik. "The Valencia Eustress-Distress Appraisal Scale (VEDAS): Validation of the Italian Version." Sustainability 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2018): 3903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113903.

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The aim of this study is to validate the Italian version of the Valencia Eustress-Distress Appraisal Scale (VEDAS). Two hundred and thirty-two Italian workers were involved in the study. Dimensionality, reliability, and concurrent validity were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-dimensional structure. In addition, the Italian version of the scale showed good internal consistency and validity. The results indicate that the Italian version of the VEDAS is a valid instrument for measuring eustress and distress appraisal in the Italian context.
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Balestri, Elena, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Lucia Bertozzi, Stefano Berlini, Angiola Rocino, Anna Maria Paganoni, Lorenzo Drago, and Pedro Berjano. "Validation of the Italian Version of the Haemophilia Activities List." Acta Haematologica 136, no. 3 (2016): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000446689.

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Background: The aim of this study was to provide an Italian version of the Haemophilia Activities List (HAL) and check its reliability in Italian medical centers. Methods: The Italian version of this assessment was administered to 80 patients (aged 18-65 years) affected by haemophilia A and B (moderate or severe). The validation was accomplished by comparing it to the revised and expanded Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales (AIMS2). Results: The internal consistency of the Italian version of the HAL had statistically high results: Cronbach's α 0.957-0.579. The highest internal consistency was measured in the domains ‘leg functionality' and in the overall points of the HAL questionnaire. The correlation between the AIMS2, which has been translated into Italian, and the version of the HAL questionnaire that we proposed, yielded good results for the following correlations: AIMS2 all and HAL overall (r = 0.64), AIMS2 physical function and HAL overall (r = 0.66), AIMS2 pain and HAL overall (r = 0.66). Conclusion: The Italian version of the HAL questionnaire presents both internal coherence and convergent validity. It can be used in addition to other functional tests to measure outcomes in moderate and severe haemophiliac diseases or to determine the quality of life as observed in the everyday life of patients.
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Zeri, Fabrizio, Isabella Beltramo, Laura Boccardo, Paolo Palumbo, Vincenzo Petitti, James S. Wolffsohn, and Shehzad A. Naroo. "An Italian Translation and Validation of the near Activity Visual Questionnaire (NAVQ)." European Journal of Ophthalmology 27, no. 6 (November 4, 2017): 640–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5301/ejo.5000957.

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Purpose To validate the Near Activity Vision Questionnaire (NAVQ) in Italian to allow the assessment of presbyopia corrections in Italian-speaking patients. Methods An Italian version of the NAVQ was arranged through several steps: an initial forward translation (from English to Italian), a backward translation (from Italian to English), and finally a consensual version to check against the original NAVQ. This prospective study enrolled native Italian-speaking presbyopic patients with corrected distance visual acuity of 0.20 logMAR or better in each eye and free of ocular anomalies. Six different groups of patients were asked to complete the questionnaire: emerging presbyopic patients, reading spectacle users, multifocal spectacle users, multifocal contact lens (CL) wearers, monovision CL wearers, and monofocal intraocular lens patients. Subjects were asked to answer the questionnaire again 2 weeks after the first completion. Results A total of 207 subjects completed the questionnaire. Data analysis showed good internal consistency (Cronbach α = 0.93) and factorial validity with only one factor explaining 62.0% of the variance. Test-retest reliability was extremely good (ICC = 0.92) as well as discriminatory power of the questionnaire's ability to discriminate between subjects with different forms of presbyopic correction. Conclusions The Italian version of the NAVQ matches the properties of the original English version. It is a valid instrument to evaluate near activity visual quality of presbyopic Italian speakers.
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10

Leggieri, M. Camardo, H. J. Van der Fels-Klerx, and P. Battilani. "Cross-validation of predictive models for deoxynivalenol in wheat at harvest." World Mycotoxin Journal 6, no. 4 (November 1, 2013): 389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/wmj2013.1546.

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To date, several models that predict deoxynivalenol (DON) in wheat at harvest are available. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of two of such models, including a mechanistic model developed in Italy and an empirical model developed in the Netherlands. To this end, field data collected in the periods 2002-2004 and 2009-2011 in Italy, and in the period 2001-2010 in the Netherlands were used. These historical data covered farm observations at 1,306 wheat fields, of which 155 in the Netherlands and 1,151 in Italy. A subset of 10% of the Italian data, derived by random sampling from the total Italian dataset, was used to validate both the Italian and the Dutch model. Additionally, the Italian mechanistic model was validated using the total Dutch dataset. Before validating the Dutch model, it was recalibrated using the remaining 90% of the Italian data. Results showed that predictions of both modelling approaches (mechanistic and empirical) for independent wheat fields were in accordance. Applying a threshold for DON concentration of 1,250 ?g/kg, the mechanistic DON model predicted 90% of the samples correctly. Results for cross-validation of the mechanistic DON model and the recalibrated empirical DON model showed that 93% of the samples were correctly predicted. In general, no more than 6% of underestimates were observed.
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Galletti, Lisa, Maria Grazia Benedetti, Serena Maselli, Gustavo Zanoli, Elettra Pignotti, and Roberto Iovine. "Rehabilitation Complexity Scale: Italian translation and transcultural validation." Disability and Rehabilitation 38, no. 1 (April 15, 2015): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/09638288.2015.1024340.

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De Caro, Walter, Elisabetta Corvo, and Walter De Caro. "eHealth Literacy Scale: online version validation in italian." PROFESSIONI INFERMIERISTICHE 70, special (2018): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7429/pi.2017.70sihl21.

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13

Forti, Stella, Marianna Amico, Annamaria Zambarbieri, Annaclara Ciabatta, Cristiana Assi, Lorenzo Pignataro, and Giovanna Cantarella. "Validation of the Italian Voice Handicap Index-10." Journal of Voice 28, no. 2 (March 2014): 263.e17–263.e22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jvoice.2013.07.013.

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14

Simeone, Silvio, Nicol Platone, Nicola Serra, Nadia Assanta, Assunta Guillari, Teresa Rea, Gianluca Pucciarelli, et al. "Cardiac Children's Hospital Early Warning Score: Italian Validation." Journal of Pediatric Nursing 51 (March 2020): e21-e26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedn.2019.06.011.

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15

Caputo, Andrea. "Italian translation and validation of the GQ-6." International Journal of Wellbeing 6, no. 2 (September 13, 2016): 80–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5502/ijw.v6i2.492.

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16

Dotti, Andrea, and R. Lazzari. "Validation and reliability of the Italian EAT-26." Eating and Weight Disorders - Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 3, no. 4 (December 1998): 188–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03340009.

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Cogliandro, Annalisa, Mauro Barone, and Paolo Persichetti. "Italian Linguistic Validation of the FACE-Q Instrument." JAMA Facial Plastic Surgery 19, no. 4 (July 2017): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamafacial.2016.2103.

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18

Faccini, F., G. Rogier, R. Cavalli, and P. Velotti. "Italian validation of the Guilt And Shame Proneness Scale: preliminary results." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.1956.

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Introduction Background: Recently, a new instrument, the Guilt And Shame Proneness Scale has been developed and showed promising psychometric properties. However, the Italian version of the Instrument has not still been validated. In addition, despite the growing number of studies on the topic, the knowledge regarding the role played by guilt, shame and rivalry in the relationship between pathological narcissism facets and suicidal ideation. Objectives To validate the Italian version of the Guilt And Shame Proneness Scale and to extend the knowledge regarding the relationships between guilt, shame, pathological narcissism and suicidality. Methods We administrated, to a sample of Italian adults, the Italian versions of the GASP, the Pathological Narcissism Inventory, the Beck Suicide Inventory and the Narcissism Admiration and Rivalry Questionnaire. Results The structural equation model testing the factorial structure of the Italian version of the GASP obtained a good fit. In addition, invariance among gender as well as other invariance tests were tested successfully. Finally, regression and mediation analyses showed that the subscale Shame Social withdraw mediate the relationship between Narcissism grandiosity and suicidal ideation. In contrast, rivalry and social withdraw in response to shame were no more predictive of suicidal ideation controlling for pathological narcissism levels. Conclusions The Italian version of the GASP appears promising to deepen the investigation of the pathological personality topic. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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GÜRDERE, Ceren, Gioia BOTTESI, Eleonora CARRARO, and Marta GHISI. "The Italian Validation of the Brief Self-Control Scale: A Preliminary Analysis." Journal of Evidence-Based Psychotherapies 22, no. 2 (September 1, 2022): 103–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.24193/jebp.2022.2.15.

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The Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) developed by Tangney, Baumeister, and Boone (2004) is a widely used measure of trait self-control. The present study aimed to validate Italian version of the BSCS. 262 Italian university students completed BSCS along with measures of grit, impulsive behavior, self-esteem, resilience, and psychological distress. 143 of the first sample completed BSCS after three weeks again. Results indicated that the Italian version of the BSCS is one-dimensional as the original BSCS. Good internal consistency and test-retest stability were documented. Convergent and divergent validity of the construct was established with the association between BSCS and measures of grit and impulsive behavior. Furthermore, predictive validity assessment showed that BSCS positively predicted self-esteem and resilience, and negatively predicted psychological distress as expected. In conclusion, findings suggest that the Italian BSCS is a reliable and valid instrument assessing trait self-control in Italian speaking populations.
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Heim, Julia. "Italian LGBTQ representation in transnational television." Journal of Italian Cinema & Media Studies 8, no. 2 (March 1, 2020): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jicms_00016_1.

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Abstract This article analyses the narrative depictions of LGBTQ minorities in contemporary Italian transnational television. To understand the sociocultural repercussions of these representations I first contextualize them by exploring current cultural theories behind trends in production and acquisition practices. I argue that by conforming to 'universalized' format and audience standards individual nations achieve transnational visibility. In turn, this universalization contributes to the transnational validation of the narrative discourses within these television programmes. As such, the depictions of LGBTQ characters on the shows Suburra, Gomorrah, Baby and SKAM Italia legitimize a certain level of sexual and gender variance while simultaneously endorsing acts of discrimination against those within these minority categories.
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Capocaccia, Riccardo, Carlotta Buzzoni, Enrico Grande, Riccardo Inghelmann, Francesco Bellù, Tiziana Cassetti, Margherita de Dottori, et al. "Estimated and Observed Cancer Incidence in Italy: A Validation Study." Tumori Journal 93, no. 4 (July 2007): 387–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030089160709300410.

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Aims and background The study aimed to validate model-based incidence estimates by means of observed incidence rates provided by Italian cancer registries, for five major cancer sites (stomach, colon and rectum, lung, breast and prostate cancers) and for all cancers together. Methods Recent incidence rates observed by Italian population-based cancer registries were extracted from the data base of the Italian Association of Cancer Registries. Regional estimates of incidence rates for the same cancers were obtained by the MIAMOD method. Observed and estimated crude incidence rates and incidence trends were compared for the period of diagnosis 1985-2000. Eight Italian cancer registries and seven regions were selected for the analysis since they had incidence data available during the entire selected period. Results and conclusions An excellent agreement between estimated and observed crude incidence rates was found for all single cancer sites, regarding absolute incidence levels and time trends. A partial exception was breast, where empirical data showed a sudden increase in the last three years of observation, perhaps due to organized screenings in some Italian regions, and not captured by statistical models. Substantial underestimation of model-based incidence rates was found for all cancers combined, where the difference tended to increase with calendar year, up to a maximum of 20% in recent years. The greatest part of the discrepancy can be attributed to multiple cancers, which were included in cancer registries statistics but were not accounted for in MIAMOD estimates.
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Scandurra, Cristiano, Roberta Gasparro, Pasquale Dolce, Vincenzo Bochicchio, Benedetta Muzii, Gianrico Spagnuolo, Gaetano Marenzi, Gilberto Sammartino, and Nelson Mauro Maldonato. "The Italian Validation of the Level of Exposure-Dental Experiences Questionnaire." Applied Sciences 10, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 1143. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10031143.

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The aim of this monocentric cross-sectional study was to evaluate the psychometric characteristics of the Italian version of the Level of Exposure-Dental Experiences Questionnaire (LOE-DEQ) in an Italian sample of 253 dental patients ranging from 18–80 years of age. The LOE-DEQ assesses 16 potential dental distressing experiences and 7 general traumatic life events through 4 subscales: (1) dentists’ behaviour and patients’ emotions (DBPE); (2) distressing dental procedures (DDP); (3) other distressing dental events (ODDE); and (4) general traumatic events (GTE). Confirmatory factor analysis showed that the original 4-factor model had adequate fit to the data obtained from the Italian sample. Criterion validity was partially confirmed as only DBPE and DDP positively correlated with dental anxiety. Similarly, convergent validity was also partially confirmed as DBPE, DDP, and ODDE correlated with negative beliefs towards the dentist and the dental treatment. Discriminant validity was fully confirmed, as all correlations were below 0.60. Finally, DDP was the factor most associated with high dental anxiety. This study offers evidence of the reliability and validity of the LOE-DEQ in the Italian context, providing Italian researchers and dentists with a tool to assess dental and general distressing experiences in dental patients.
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di Fronso, Selenia, Claudio Robazza, Cristina Montesano, and Maurizio Bertollo. "Initial Validation of a 33-Item Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Italian Athletes." Open Sports Sciences Journal 14, no. 1 (July 12, 2021): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1875399x02114010043.

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Background: The Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport-36) is a self-report measure intended to monitor the recovery-stress balance in athletes. A validated Italian version of this instrument was not available so far. Objective: The aim of this study was to provide an initial validation in Italian language of the RESTQ-Sport-36. Methods: A sample of Italian athletes (N = 339; women = 148; men = 191) from various sports completed the RESTQ-Sport-36 and the Italian Mood Scale (ITAMS). We examined the factorial validity and the internal consistency of the RESTQ-Sport-36 and its concurrent validity with the ITAMS. Results: A confirmatory factor analysis supported a 12-factor structure after the removal of 3 items. Reliability analysis showed a satisfactory internal consistency of the 33-item Recovery-Stress Questionnaire for Athletes (RESTQ-Sport-33). Pearson correlation coefficients revealed that the RESTQ-Sport-33 and ITAMS share some common variance but measure different constructs. Conclusion: Our results provided support to the factorial validity and reliability of the RESTQ-Sport-33. This instrument can be used to reliably monitor recovery-stress balance of Italian athletes throughout the season.
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Chiappelli, Marco, Gianluca Lo Coco, Salvatore Gullo, Luca Bensi, and Claudia Prestano. "The Outcome Questionnaire 45.2. Italian validation of an instrument for the assessment of phychological treatments." Epidemiologia e Psichiatria Sociale 17, no. 2 (June 2008): 152–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1121189x00002852.

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SummaryAims– The Outcome Questionnaire (OQ-45.2; Lambertet al., 2004) was designed to measure important areas of functioning (symptoms, interpersonal problems and social role functioning) that are of central interest in mental health. The crosscultural validity of the OQ-45.2 in the Italian population has been examined by comparing the psychometric properties and equivalence in factor structure and normative scores of the Italian OQ with the original American version.Method– Data were collected at university (N=461), in community (N=61) and in three mental health care organisations (N=301).Results– Results showed that the psychometric properties of the Italian OQ were adequate and similar to the original instrument. The CFA supported the multidimentional construct system of the instrument. Furthermore, normative scores were different for the Italian and American samples and this resulted in different cutoff scores for estimating clinically significant change in the Italian population.Conclusions– The Italian version of the OQ-45.2 appears promising as a measure of general psychological distress, and it could be used to measure the psychotherapy outcome in routine clinical practice.Declaration of Interest:
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Bongelli, Ramona, Alessandra Fermani, Carla Canestrari, Ilaria Riccioni, Morena Muzi, Alessia Bertolazzi, and Roberto Burro. "Italian validation of the situational Brief Cope Scale (I-Brief Cope)." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 1, 2022): e0278486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278486.

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The Brief COPE (Coping Orientation to Problems Experienced) inventory is 14 faced scales used to assess coping strategies. It has been administered on different population samples and translated into several languages. Nonetheless, the Italian validation of its situational format is missing, and the present study aimed to fill this gap. To this end, the original English version of the scale was translated into Italian and administered to a sample of 682 Italian healthcare workers (HCWs), during the first wave of COVID-19. The Exploratory and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (EFA and CFA) were performed and led to the validation of the Italian Brief COPE (I-Brief COPE) scale, consisting of 21 items, loading properly on 6 factors, which range from activation (F1) to deactivation (F2), via social support (F3), humorous reframing (F4), religious/spiritual reliance (F5), substances use (F6). The six factors identified represent, according to our analyses, the relevant dimensions of coping in a stressful situation such as COVID-19. The results of this study reveal that the I-Brief Cope can be considered as a valid tool for measuring coping strategies in facing stressful, unpredictable, and damaging events.
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Marcuzzo, Alberto Vito, Erica Sacchet, Vincenzo Capriotti, Nicoletta Gardenal, Paolo Boscolo-Rizzo, Douglas Brian Chepeha, and Giancarlo Tirelli. "Italian validation of the Neck Dissection Impairment Index questionnaire." Acta Otorhinolaryngologica Italica 42, no. 3 (June 2022): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.14639/0392-100x-n2022.

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TUBARO, ANDREA, FILIBERTO ZATTONI, DOMENICO PREZIOSO, ROBERTO M. SCARPA, FRANCESCO PESCE, CARLO A. RIZZI, AMBRA M. SANTINI, LUCIA SIMONI, and WALTER ARTIBANI. "Italian validation of the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaires." BJU International 97, no. 1 (January 2006): 101–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-410x.2006.05885.x.

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Ravaldi, Claudia, Alessandra Bettiol, Giada Crescioli, Niccolò Lombardi, Marco Biffino, Gianpaolo Romeo, Miriam Levi, Roberto Bonaiuti, and Alfredo Vannacci. "Italian translation and validation of the Perinatal Grief Scale." Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences 34, no. 3 (October 30, 2019): 684–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/scs.12772.

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Mazzi, F., S. Grandi, S. Ferrari, L. Pingani, and M. Rigatelli. "PW01-133 - Italian validation of AMDP-system: prelyminary results." European Psychiatry 25 (2010): 1549. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71532-7.

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Magnano, Paola, Andrea Zammitti, Rossana Dibilio, and Palmira Faraci. "Italian validation of the Jarel Spiritual Well-Being Scale." Mental Health, Religion & Culture 22, no. 6 (June 27, 2019): 626–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1594740.

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31

Tofani, M., M. Nobilia, G. Culicchia, G. Esposito, A. Savona, I. Tashi, A. Ventura, and G. Galeoto. "The Italian version of rheumatoid arthritis pain scale (IT-RAPS): psychometric properties on community and clinical samples." Reumatismo 71, no. 1 (April 1, 2019): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/reumatismo.2019.1043.

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This paper describes the validation process of the Italian version of the Rheumatoid Arthritis Pain Scale (ITRAPS), describing its translation and adaptation to Italian culture. The cultural adaptation and validation were based on data from a sample of people affected by rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The process required a forward and backward translation of the original language, reviewed by an expert panel. The adapted version of the RAPS was then tested on a community and clinical sample, in order to test its psychometric properties. The IT-RAPS was submitted to 122 people affected by RA. The data was analyzed using Cronbach’s coefficient alpha and the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients. The IT-RAPS showed an internal consistency reliability coefficient of 0.96. This is the first study reporting the validation and cross-cultural adaptation of the RAPS in Italian. The study’s findings provided support for the IT-RAPS as a reliable and valid measurement of multidimensional pain in RA patients.
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Falchi, Anna Giulia, Chiara Muggia, Ilaria Grecchi, Ilaria Michelini, Annalisa De Silvestri, and Carmine Tinelli. "Validation of decisional balance inventory test in Italian: assessment of motivation in weight loss." Italian Journal of Medicine 9, no. 3 (September 22, 2015): 268. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/itjm.2015.520.

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The decisional balance inventory (DBI) test is a valuable tool to assess motivation to change; we consider its application in enhancing motivation of losing weight. Our aim is the translation, cultural adaption and validation in Italian of this test originally designed and drafted in English. The questionnaire has been translated according to an <em>English</em> → <em>Italian</em> → <em>Italian</em> → <em>English</em> algorithm with reconciliation of the differences. Pilot study and retests were performed on 47 cases [body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m<sup>2</sup>] and 15 controls (BMI value between 18.5 and 25 kg/m<sup>2</sup>). The internal consistency of the Italian version of DBI test, was satisfied (Cronbach α 0.87 on patients); test-retest shows a good concordance in pilot [Lin’s concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) 0.79; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.68-0.90] and in patient sample (Lin’s CCC 0.83; 95% CI: 0.67 0.99).Our study demonstrated the trans-cultural adaptation and validation of DBI test in Italian.
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Angelini, Giacomo, Ilaria Buonomo, Paula Benevene, Piermarco Consiglio, Luciano Romano, and Caterina Fiorilli. "The Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT): A Contribution to Italian Validation with Teachers’." Sustainability 13, no. 16 (August 13, 2021): 9065. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13169065.

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This study aims to validate the Burnout Assessment Tool (BAT) adapted to the Italian education sector. Teacher burnout is physical and emotional pain, due to prolonged exposure to school-related stress factors. Previous research has abundantly proven that preventive assessment of teachers’ risk level for burnout may reduce adverse outcomes. In this regard, new assessment tools, able to bring together evidence from fifty years of research on this topic, were mainly used to monitor burnout-risk levels in the school context. For the present work, 846 Italian teachers (Female, 91.1%; M age = 47.52; SD = 9.94) were involved in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis supported a four-factor structure for the core dimensions (BAT-C; exhaustion, mental distance, emotional impairment, cognitive impairment), and a two-factor structure for the secondary dimensions (BAT-S; psychological distress, psychosomatic complaints). The Italian version of the BAT-C and BAT-S has shown good internal consistency (respectively, α = 0.900 and ω = 0.913; α = 0.845 and ω = 0.857) and validity (all correlations between variables showed a p value < 0.01). Our findings support the Italian adaptation of the original version of the BAT as a valid instrument for measuring teachers’ burnout through principal and secondary symptoms.
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Solaro, C., E. Trabucco, A. Signori, M. Cella, M. Messmer Uccelli, G. Brichetto, P. Cavalla, M. Gironi, F. Patti, and L. Prosperini. "Italian Validation of the 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale." Multiple Sclerosis International 2015 (2015): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/540828.

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Objective. Gait impairment is commonly in people with multiple sclerosis (MS). The 12-item MS walking scale (MSWS-12) assesses patients’ measurement of walking quality. The aim of this study was to cross-culturally adapt and validate the MSWS-12 for the Italian population with MS.Methods. Six MS out-patient clinics across Italy enrolled subjects between June 2013 and December 2013. Construct validity of MSWS-12 was determined by examining correlations with the Italian version of the EDSS, the timed 25-foot walk (T25FW), and the Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).Results. 321 MS subjects were enrolled. Mean age was 47.55 years and mean disease duration was 13.8 years. Mean EDSS score was 4.46. 185 subjects had a relapsing-remitting course, 92 were secondary progressive, 43 were primary progressive, and 1 had a clinically isolated syndrome. The mean total score of the MSWS-12 was 49.6 (SD: 31) with values ranging between 0 and 100. Correlations between the MSWS-12 with age, disease duration, and disease course were found but not with gender. Values of the MSWS-12/IT were significantly related to EDSS (0.71), to the T25FW (0.65), and to the FSS (0.51).Conclusion. MSWS-12/IT has been adapted and validated, it is a reliable and reproducible scale for Italian patients with MS.
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Burro, Roberto, Alessandra Fermani, Ramona Bongelli, Ilaria Riccioni, Morena Muzi, Alessia Bertolazzi, and Carla Canestrari. "The Robust Italian Validation of the Coping Humor Scale (RI-CHS) for Adult Health Care Workers." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2522. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052522.

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The Coping Humor Scale (CHS) is a seven-item tool widely used to assess the use of humor in coping with stressful situations. The beneficial effect of humor in buffering the impact of negative experiences has been investigated in several contexts and populations; for this reason, the CHS has been used in many languages, but its solid validation in Italian is still missing. Our study aimed at building a robust instrument to measure coping humor strategies among Italian health care workers, a category which has been particularly exposed to stressful situations in the last two years. The CHS translated into Italian was administered to a sample of 735 health care workers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Italy. Confirmatory factor analysis and Rasch analysis were performed. As a result, a six-item Robust Italian Coping Humor Scale (RI-CHS) was validated and ready to use for future studies on Italian health care workers’ samples. This study gives evidence that our six-item solution works as a ruler (i.e., an instrument that meets the conditions of fundamental measurement in the context of the human sciences) to measure the degree to which Italian health care workers rely on humor to cope with stress.
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Rossi, Gemma Caterina Maria, Federica Bettio, Mariano González-Pérez, Aba Briola, Gemma Ludovica Maria Pasinetti, and Luigia Scudeller. "The 17-Item Computer Vision Symptom Scale Questionnaire (CVSS17): Translation, Validation and Reliability of the Italian Version." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19052517.

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Background. To validate the 17-item Computer Vision Symptom Scale questionnaire (CVSS17) in Italian. Methods. Cross-sectional validation study on video terminal (VDT) users and a reference sample of subjects not working at a VDT (control group), cognitively able to respond to a health status interview. The Italian self-administered version of the CVSS17 questionnaire was administered to all participants. The reliability and validity of the Italian translation of the CVSS17 were tested using standard statistical methods for questionnaire validation. The Rasch analysis was performed as well. Results. A total of 216 subjects were enrolled. Concerning the reliability, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.925 (from 0.917 to 0.924), and the test–retest stability was 0.91 (<0.001). Concerning the validity, the control group had significantly better scores, and there were good correlations between responses to the CVSS17 and analogous domains of the GSS. Conclusion. The Italian version of the CVSS17 has shown psychometric properties comparable to those of the Spanish version, having good validity, discriminatory power, internal consistency and reliability. The questionnaire is a specific measure of vision-related quality of life in Italian-speaking VDT workers and can be used both in clinical practice and for research purposes.
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Rinaldi, Teresa, Ilaria Castelli, Andrea Greco, David M. Greenberg, Elliot Jurist, Annalisa Valle, and Antonella Marchetti. "The Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS): Development and validation of the Italian version." PLOS ONE 16, no. 4 (April 5, 2021): e0249272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249272.

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This study proposes a psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Mentalized Affectivity Scale (MAS) developed by Greenberg and colleagues in 2017. The mentalized affectivity construct integrates mentalization ability in the process of emotional regulation. An adult sample (N = 506) completed the 60-items MAS online version. In contrast to the three-factor structure of the original version, the Italian context confirmatory and exploratory factor analyses with splitted sample (CFA = 258; EFA = 248) revealed a five-factor structure. The hierarchically structured MAS factors are: Emotional Processing (being able to process emotion in situations); Expressing Emotions (talking and knowing emotions); Identifying Emotions (awareness of emotions); Control Processing (to control emotional reactions and expression), and Autobiographical Memory (related to childhood experiences). We also verified the convergent validity and reliability of the Italian version of the MAS by correlating the above five factors with measures of emotion regulation and reflective functioning. Moreover, we analyzed the relationships among the factors of the MAS, personality measures and well-being indexes, such as life satisfaction and self-efficacy: The new 35-item MAS scale showed robust correlations with all the tested constructs. Our results confirm that the MAS is a useful measure to assess mentalized affectivity, with the Italian version showing a more complex structure than the original English one, thus enriching the literature about mentalization.
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Paradiso, Angelo, Anita Mangia, Claudio Orlando, Paolo Verderio, Maurizio Belfiglio, Antonio Marchetti, Lucio Bertario, et al. "The Integrated Oncology Program of the Italian Ministry of Health." International Journal of Biological Markers 24, no. 3 (July 2009): 119–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/172460080902400301.

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In 2007, an Italian cancer research group proposed a specific concerted action aimed at the “analytical and clinical validation of new biomarkers for early diagnosis: Network, resources, methodology, quality control, and data analysis.” The proposal united 37 national operative units involved in different biomarker studies and it created a strong coordinative body with the necessary expertise in methodologies, statistical analysis, quality control, and biological resources to perform ad hoc validation studies for new biomarkers of early cancer diagnosis. The action, financed by the Italian Ministry of Health within the Integrated Oncology Program (PIO) coordinated by NCI-Istituto Tumori Bari, started in 2007 and activated 7 projects, each of which focused on disease-specific biomarker studies. Overall, the 37 participating units proposed studies on 50 biomarkers, including analytical and clinical validation procedures. Clusters of units were specifically involved in research of early-detection biomarkers for cancers of the lung, digestive tract, prostate/bladder, and nervous system, as well as female cancers. Furthermore, a cluster involved in biomarkers for bioimaging and infection-related cancers was created. The first investigators' meeting, “Analytical and clinical validation of new biomarkers for early diagnosis,” was held on 9 September 2008 in Bari. During this meeting, methodological aspects, scientific programs and preliminary results were presented and discussed.
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Carraro, Attilio, Maria Christina Young, and Claudio Robazza. "A CONTRIBUTION TO THE VALIDATION OF THE PHYSICAL ACTIVITY ENJOYMENT SCALE IN AN ITALIAN SAMPLE." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 36, no. 7 (January 1, 2008): 911–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2008.36.7.911.

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Assessing motivation for and enjoyment of physical activity is an important step in the promotion of an active lifestyle. This study assessed the factor structure and reliability of the Italian version of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale in a sample of Italian students (N = 5,934) aged from 11 to 19. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on subsamples of girls and boys grouped into 4 age categories. Gender and age differences were also examined through a 2 (sex) × 4 (age) multivariate analysis of variance. Findings supported the factor structure and reliability of the Italian version of the PACES.
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Bruno, Renato, Diego Bertolino, Elio Garbarino, Cassendra Munro, Michela Barison, and Alberto Dal Molin. "Translation, Cross-Cultural Adaptation, and Validation of the Munro Scale in Italian." Wound Management & Prevention 68, no. 2 (February 1, 2022): 34–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.25270/wmp.2022.2.3441.

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BACKGROUND: The Munro Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment Scale for Perioperative Patients – Adult (Munro scale) is a pressure ulcer/injury risk assessment scale for adult surgical patients. It consists of 3 sections relating to the preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative periods. It is not available in Italian. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to translate the Munro scale into Italian and assess its cross-cultural content and face validity. METHODS: The translation and cross-cultural adaptation process adhered to World Health Organization guidelines including forward translation, expert review, and back translation. Health care professionals with a minimum of 5 years of experience working in the operating rooms of different hospitals in northern Italy were invited to participate in a content and face validation of the translated instrument. Content validity was evaluated by rating the relevance of each scale item using a 4-point Likert scale, ranging from 1 (not relevant) to 4 (very relevant). Face validity (comprehensibility and clarity) was also measured using a 4-point rating scale. RESULTS: Expert agreement of the translated instrument reached a Fleiss’ kappa of 0.95. The content validity index was 0.91, and all items had a score ≥ 3 for clarity and comprehensibility. CONCLUSION: The Italian version of the Munro scale can be used safely to assess patient risk of injuries during the perioperative period in Italy. The translation and validation study results confirmed that the Italian version was consistent with the original version. Further testing, including prospective validation, is needed.
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Guazzini, Andrea, Elena Serritella, Martina La Gamma, and Mirko Duradoni. "Italian Version of the Internet Self-Efficacy Scale: Internal and External Validation." Human Behavior and Emerging Technologies 2022 (July 25, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9347172.

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Online activities are a fundamental part of daily life in this digital era and Internet self-efficacy (ISE) became a central construct for the psychologists of virtual environments. The Internet Self-Efficacy Scale developed by Kim and Glassman (2013) is a recent, valid, and reliable 17-item test to assess the ISE. The aim of this research, composed by two studies, was to translate and validate the Italian version of the ISS. In study 1, we evaluated the factorial validity and internal consistency of the Italian version of the ISS on 3724 individuals. In study 2, we tested the ISS external validity relying on the Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMAS) and the Internet Addiction Scale (IAS) based on the answers of 244 participants. The findings supported the reliability and validity of the translated ISS and its use for assessing ISE on the Italian population. Implications for researchers and interventions are also discussed.
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Pedrazzoli, Paolo, Riccardo Caccialanza, Nicole Stobäus, Annalisa Turri, Catherine Klersy, Marilisa Caraccia, Silvia Brugnatelli, et al. "Validation of a new prognostic body composition parameter in cancer patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2019): 11597. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.15_suppl.11597.

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11597 Background: In cancer patients protein-calorie imbalances are responsible for decreased lean body mass and, in turn, for worse clinical outcome. We evaluated the prognostic value of a new body composition parameter (creatinine height index [CHI]) obtained from bioimpedance vectorial analysis-derived body cell mass and its association with nutritional and functional status. Methods: Data from Italian and German cancer patients based on information from previous prospective cohort studies were used. Multivariable models (adjusted for age, gender, hydration status, performance status, and disease stage) were built in both cohorts to assess the association between body composition outcome parameters (low fat-free mass [FFM], <15 [females] and <17 [males] kg/m2; low standardized phase angle [SPA], <-1.65; low CHI, <510 [females] and <660 [males] mg/24h/m) and 1-year all-cause mortality, low body mass index (BMI; <20 [<70 years] and <22 [>/=70 years] kg/m2), clinically significant weight loss (WL; >/=10% in 6 months) and low handgrip strength (HG; <20 [females] and <30 [males] kg). Results: Overall, 1084 cancer patients were included (Italians, N=454; Germans, N=630). Low CHI was independently associated with mortality in both Italian and German cohorts (Table). Low FFMI and low SPA did not predict survival in the German cohort. In patients with low CHI, worse nutritional and functional status were observed in both study populations. Performance of models addressing the study endpoints showed substantial consistency with both cohorts, particularly of those including low CHI. Conclusions: We validated a new prognostic body composition parameter, which is easier to interpret than standard nutritional parameters and may be useful for identifying cancer patients at nutritional risk, requiring early nutritional support. [Table: see text]
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Scherber, Robyn, Tiziano Barbui, Alessandro M. Vannucchi, Francesco Passamonti, Giovanni Barosi, Alessandro Rambaldi, Maria L. Ferarri, Amylou Dueck, Ayalew Tefferi, and Ruben A. Mesa. "Prospective Validation of the Italian Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF: Italian) In 186 MPN Patients." Blood 116, no. 21 (November 19, 2010): 5060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v116.21.5060.5060.

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Abstract Abstract 5060 Background: The Myeloproliferative Neoplasm Symptom Assessment Form (MPN-SAF) is a concise instrument of patient reported outcomes (PRO) designed to assess the unique spectrum of symptoms present in the majority of patients (Mesa et. al. Cancer 2007). We sought to validate the Italian Translation of the MPN-SAF which addresses 19 separate symptoms reported by MPN patients. Methods: Translation: We utilized the standard practice of PRO translation in which 3 independent translations are created by 3 independent translators fluent in both languages. A fourth translator then discussed the translations with the other translators and a consensus translation was obtained. Validation: Patients self completed the MPN-SAF: Italian at the time of a physician office visit and the Italian EORTC-QLQ-C30 (a widely used instrument of PRO for cancer patients) was co-administered for validation purposes. Results: Patients and Symptomatic Burden: 186 patients were prospectively enrolled (ET (N=88; 47%), PV (N=69; 37%) and MF (N=29; 16%)) a median of 6 years (range:0-29) from their diagnosis. Patients were of a median age (62; range 29–91 years) and gender (56% females) typical of the disease. 72% (N=135) had received some form of non-aspirin medical therapy for their disease, and 68% were on therapy at the time of completing the questionnaire. Patients frequently had a history of either thrombotic events (31%) and/or hemorrhagic events (13%). The MPN-SAF measured 19 items in the enrolled patients (data summarized in Table 1). Validation Analysis: EORTC-QLQ-C30: Consistent with our experience with the MPN-SAF:English, Pearson correlations between MPN-SAF:Italian individual symptom scores and the Italian EORTC-QLQ C30 showed excellent correlations with co-validation questions including fatigue, pain, insomnia, (all p<0.001). Excellent correlations were demonstrated between EORTC-QLQ-C30 subscales and corresponding MPN-SAF measurements. Comparison with MPN-SAF:English: Comparison with 102 patients prospectively completing the MPN-SAF: English (ET=20, PV=23, MF=59) in the USA indicated very strong correlations (when controlling for MPN subtype) in the prevalence of all 19 items assessed and only subtle differences in terms of symptomatic severity for fatigue, itching and insomnia. Conclusions: The MPN-SAF:Italian is an easy to administer, clear, 19-item inventory of patient-reported outcomes that is specific to MPNs. Additionally, the instrument is validated by 1) comparison to previously validated Italian instruments and 2) the correlation with the MPN-SAF:English. Utilization of the instrument in Italian MPN clinical trials will allow for useful comparison to patients completing the MPN-SAF in other countries and will serve as a valuable clinical marker of disease symptom severity. Disclosures: Vannucchi: Novartis: Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees. Mesa:SBio: Research Funding; Novartis: Research Funding; Celgene: Research Funding; Incyte: Research Funding; Roche: Research Funding; eisai: Research Funding; telik: Research Funding.
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Malandrone, Francesca, Alberto Catalano, Federica Carfì, Claudio Gentili, Silvia Bianchi, Francesco Oliva, Fulvio Ricceri, et al. "Psychometric validation of the Italian version of the Emotional Style Questionnaire." PLOS ONE 17, no. 12 (December 2, 2022): e0278715. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0278715.

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Emotional styles concern the ways in which individuals adapt and respond to the world and can be defined using six dimensions: outlook, resilience, social intuition, self-awareness, sensitivity to context and attention. The Emotional Style Questionnaire (ESQ) assesses how people vary across the dimensions and gauges an individual’s overall level of emotional health. An Italian version of the ESQ (ESQ-ITA) could favour the understanding of cultural characteristics concerning emotions and personality within the Italian population, with both clinical and social implications. The aim of the present study is to validate the ESQ in the Italian language and to assess its psychometric properties. Two studies were conducted. Study 1 examined construct validity, internal consistency, and test–retest reliability, through Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA) and Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA), Cronbach’s alpha estimates, and by estimating the Spearman’s rank correlation Study 2 examined construct validity and internal consistency through the CFA and Cronbach’s alpha estimates and investigated criterion validity by correlating the ESQ-ITA dimensions with the corresponding scales or subscales used for the validation estimating, again, the Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient Study 2 also examined the criterion validity of the validated scales and the ESQ-ITA overall score to assess its suitability as an indicator of emotional health. ESQ-ITA was confirmed to be reliable and stable. The correlation between the ESQ-ITA overall score and the other scales and questionnaires supports the use of ESQ-ITA to measure emotional health. The Italian version of the ESQ opens up the possibility to enrich the research landscape with new knowledge that will be useful for advancing the pathogenetic and therapeutic aspects of psychological distress and emotional dysregulation.
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Navarro‐Flores, Emmanuel, Carlos Romero‐Morales, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Ricardo Becerro‐de‐Bengoa‐Vallejo, Daniel López‐López, Marta Elena Losa‐Iglesias, César Calvo‐Lobo, and Patricia Palomo‐López. "Transcultural adaptation and validation of Italian Selfcare diabetic foot questionnaire." International Wound Journal 18, no. 4 (May 3, 2021): 543–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iwj.13554.

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Simione, Luca, Carola De Berardinis, Lucia Calabrese, and Antonino Raffone. "Validation of the Italian Translation of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale." Mindfulness 13, no. 9 (August 27, 2022): 2186–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12671-022-01947-y.

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Abstract Objectives Assessing mindfulness skills is an important topic for the mindfulness research community around the world. Having a variety of mindfulness measures validated in different languages would increase the quality of research on the topic. Thus, we propose a contribution to the validation of the Italian version of the Philadelphia Mindfulness Scale (PHLMS) and its relatively short form, including only 10 out of the original 20 items. We also study its relationships with other psychological measures, and how it relates to meditation experience. Methods We translated the original scale into Italian and then assessed its psychometric properties in two convenience samples of healthy participants from the general population (total n = 429). We analyzed the validity and the dimensionality of the scale (study 1 and 2), its construct validity and relationships with other psychological measures (study 3), and then how it relates to meditation experience (study 4). Results An exploratory factor analysis (study 1) on sample 1 confirmed the original PHLMS structure, indicating two orthogonal dimensions named awareness and acceptance. A successive confirmatory factor analysis (study 2) on sample 2 also revealed a good fit of the model for the two-factor structure with correlated error. The short form also revealed a good model fit. In the successive studies conducted on a pooled sample including both sample 1 and 2, we confirmed the predominant role of acceptance in determining psychological well-being (study 3) and that meditation experience was related to increased mindfulness skills (study 4). Conclusions The results support both the long and short forms of the Italian PHMLS (PHLMS-I) as valid and reliable instruments for measuring mindfulness skills in non-meditative and meditative samples.
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Schindler, Antonio, Cristiana Tiddia, Chiara Ghidelli, Vincenza Nerone, Roberto Albera, and Francesco Ottaviani. "Adaptation and Validation of the Italian Pediatric Voice Handicap Index." Folia Phoniatrica et Logopaedica 63, no. 1 (2011): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000319730.

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Paolini, Daniele, and Luigi Schepisi. "The Italian Version of SCORE ‐15: Validation and Potential Use." Family Process 59, no. 4 (September 28, 2019): 1789–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/famp.12495.

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Solari, A., G. Filippini, L. Mendozzi, A. Ghezzi, S. Cifani, E. Barbieri, S. Baldini, et al. "Validation of Italian multiple sclerosis quality of life 54 questionnaire." Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 67, no. 2 (August 1, 1999): 158–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jnnp.67.2.158.

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Mecugni, Daniela, Patrizia Albinelli, Joellemarie Pellegrin, and Stefano Finotto. "The Italian validation of the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire." Nursing Ethics 22, no. 2 (July 17, 2014): 248–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0969733014533236.

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Background: To properly direct nursing training and to improve the professional practice to become more effective, it is important to understand students’ values. Literature review has shown that there have been changes in students’ values in the last 20 years. In contemporary students, a general decrease in altruism has been observed, but also a larger appreciation for honesty toward patients has been declared. The analyzed literature did not find validated tools available in Italian that explore personal and professional values of nursing students. Design of the study: This study was an Italian linguistic and cultural adaptation of a research tool. Purpose: The authors aimed to validate, for the Italian context, the Salford-Scott Nursing Values Questionnaire, enhanced by Johnson to explore the nursing profession’s values. Methods: The Beaton Model was used as well as Valmi’s. These models require five phases, with the goal of producing a pre-final version of the instrument for it to then be administered to a sample of the target and expert population. Ethical considerations: The study was approved by the Council of the Nursing Degree University course of the Modena and Reggio Emilia University, Reggio Emilia site, and the identity of the subjects was protected at every moment of the testing. Results: Face validation was achieved since the clarity percentile for each item was 100%. Content validity was also reached, measured from the content validity index and the scale validity index. The study has confirmed the reliability of the instrument’s internal consistence with a value of Cronbach’s alpha on 0.95 of total of items. The reliability of the test–retest confirms the stability of the instrument in time (r = 0.908; p = 0.01). Conclusion: The study concludes that the instrument is ready to be administered to the target population, a sample group of nursing students.
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