Academic literature on the topic 'Italian ryegra'
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Journal articles on the topic "Italian ryegra"
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Wilman, D., and Y. Gao. "Herbage production and tiller density in five related grasses, their hybrids and mixtures." Journal of Agricultural Science 127, no. 1 (August 1996): 57–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0021859600077376.
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SUMMARYFour grass species, three hybrids and three mixtures were grown in field swards near Aberystwyth. All swards were amply supplied with nutrients and were cut at 5-week intervals during the year of sowing (1989) and during the following 4 years. The order of the grasses in rate of establishment was: Westerwolds ryegrass > Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) > Italian ryegrass × perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue, perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) > perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue, meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis) > tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea). During the sowing year as a whole, Italian ryegrass was the highest yielding grass, followed by Westerwolds ryegrass. During the remaining period (1990–93), as a whole, the highest yields were obtained from perennial ryegrass sown alone or in a mixture with tall fescue. Tall fescue sown alone was one of the lowest yielding grasses in the year of sowing, but developed to be the highest yielding in 1992 and 1993. Westerwolds ryegrass persisted least well, although some plants did survive until 1992. Italian ryegrass persisted better than Westerwolds and Italian ryegrass × meadow fescue persisted better than Italian ryegrass. Hybrid ryegrass and perennial ryegrass × meadow fescue persisted satisfactorily but with fewer tillers/m2 than perennial ryegrass or tall fescue. The yield of tall fescue in March was as high as that of Italian ryegrass in 1990 and 1991 and higher than that of any of the other grasses in 1992 and 1993; the tiller density of tall fescue was particularly high in March. The yield of mixtures (Italian ryegrass with perennial ryegrass, Italian ryegrass with tall fescue and perennial ryegrass with tall fescue) was, on average, 2·5% more than the mean of the component species when sown alone. When grown with ryegrass, tall fescue was not prominent initially but its proportion in the sward gradually increased.
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Liebl, Rex, and A. Douglas Worsham. "Interference of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 35, no. 6 (November 1987): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500079406.
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Wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) grain yields were reduced an average of 4.2% for every 10 Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] plants/m2within the range of 0 to 100 Italian ryegrass plants/m2. Yield reductions caused by Italian ryegrass were attributed primarily to decreased crop tillering. Italian ryegrass densities as high as 80 plants/m2had little effect on wheat head or kernel weights. In greenhouse experiments, the growth response of Italian ryegrass to increasing concentrations of NO3–and K+was greater than that of wheat. Net uptake rates for NO3–by both species growing in nutrient solution were 1.5 times greater than net uptake rates for K+. Nitrate and potassium Imaxvalues for Italian ryegrass were approximately twice the corresponding values for wheat. Although Italian ryegrass responded more to changes in nutrients and had greater ion uptake rates compared to wheat, Italian ryegrass accumulated more biomass when grown in monoculture than when grown in association with wheat. This difference was probably due to the initial size of the seedlings. Wheat seedlings were much larger than Italian ryegrass seedlings during the first 20 days following emergence.
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Bararpour, Mohammad T., Jason K. Norsworthy, Nilda R. Burgos, Nicholas E. Korres, and Edward E. Gbur. "Identification and Biological Characteristics of Ryegrass (Loliumspp.) Accessions in Arkansas." Weed Science 65, no. 3 (March 6, 2017): 350–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/wsc.2016.28.
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Italian ryegrass is a major weed problem in wheat production worldwide. Field studies were conducted at Fayetteville, AR, to assess morphological characteristics of ryegrass accessions from Arkansas and differences among otherLoliumspp.: Italian, rigid, poison, and perennial ryegrass. Plant height, plant growth habit, plant stem color, and node color were recorded every 2 wk until maturity. The number of tillers per plant, spikes per plant, and seeds per plant were recorded at maturity. All ryegrass accessions from Arkansas were identified as Italian ryegrass, which had erect to prostrate growth habit, green to red stem color, green to red nodes, glume (10 mm) shorter than spikelet (19 mm), and medium seed size (5 to 7 mm) with 1 to 3 mm awns. However, significant variability in morphological characteristics was found among Arkansas ryegrass accessions. WhenLoliumspecies at the seedling stage (1- to 2-wk-old plants) were compared, poison ryegrass was characterized as having a large main-stem diameter and wide droopy leaves, whereas perennial ryegrass exhibited a short and a very narrow leaf blade. These two can be distinguished from Italian and rigid ryegrass, which have leaf blades wider than perennial ryegrass but narrower than poison ryegrass. Italian and rigid ryegrass are difficult to distinguish at the seedling stage but are distinct at the reproductive stage. At maturity, Italian ryegrass and poison ryegrass seeds are awned, but perennial and rigid ryegrass seeds are awnless. Poison ryegrass awns were at least 4-fold longer than Italian ryegrass awns. Perennial ryegrass flowered 3 wk later than the other species. Poison ryegrass glumes were longer than the spikelets, whereas Italian ryegrass glumes were shorter than the spikelets. Morphological traits indicate that some Italian ryegrass populations are potentially more competitive and more fecund than others.
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Koepke-Hill, Rebecca M., Gregory R. Armel, Kevin W. Bradley, William A. Bailey, Henry P. Wilson, and Thomas E. Hines. "Evaluation of Flufenacet plus Metribuzin Mixtures for Control of Italian Ryegrass in Winter Wheat." Weed Technology 25, no. 4 (December 2011): 563–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-d-10-00149.1.
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Field studies were conducted to compare the effectiveness of PRE and POST applications of a prepackaged mixture of flufenacet plus metribuzin with that of diclofop for winter wheat tolerance and control of Italian ryegrass. Additional studies investigated the effectiveness of reduced rates of flufenacet plus metribuzin applied POST to Italian ryegrass when wheat was in the spike stage. All PRE and POST applications of flufenacet plus metribuzin produced similar or greater injury to wheat and more consistent control of Italian ryegrass than PRE or POST applications of diclofop. PRE applications of flufenacet plus metribuzin controlled Italian ryegrass 73 to 77%, whereas POST applications controlled Italian ryegrass 77 to 99%. PRE applications of diclofop controlled Italian ryegrass 57%; POST application controlled Italian ryegrass 78%. Wheat injury from flufenacet plus metribuzin applications varied with application rate, cultivar, and year of application.
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Worthington, Margaret L., S. Chris Reberg-Horton, David Jordan, and J. Paul Murphy. "A Comparison of Methods for Evaluating the Suppressive Ability of Winter Wheat Cultivars against Italian Ryegrass (Lolium perenne)." Weed Science 61, no. 3 (September 2013): 491–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/ws-d-12-00167.1.
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Infestations of Italian ryegrass are problematic in both conventional and organic wheat production systems. The development of wheat cultivars with superior competitive ability against Italian ryegrass could play a role in maintaining acceptable yields and suppressing weed populations. Research was conducted in North Carolina to identify indirect methods of selection for Italian ryegrass suppressive ability (hereafter referred to as weed suppressive ability) of winter wheat cultivars that correlate well with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios. Two winter wheat cultivars (Dyna-Gro Baldwin and Dyna-Gro Dominion) and one experimental wheat line (NC05-19684) with differing morphological traits were overseeded with varying densities of Italian ryegrass. Wheat height measured throughout the growing season in weed-free plots was strongly associated with weed suppressive ability, but high wheat tillering capacity had no significant effect on weed suppressive ability in the lines tested in this study. Italian ryegrass seed head density during grain fill was strongly correlated (r= 0.94) with Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratio, the generally accepted measure of weed suppressive ability. Visual estimates of percent Italian ryegrass biomass relative to the plot with the highest level of Italian ryegrass infestation in each replicate were also strongly correlated with weed suppressive ability at all growth stages, especially during heading (r= 0.87) (Zadoks growth stage [GS] 55). Measurements from nonimaging spectrophotometers and overhead photographs taken from tillering (Zadoks 23 to 25) to early dough development (Zadoks 80) were unreliable estimates of end-of-season Italian ryegrass-to-wheat biomass ratios because they failed to account for wheat cultivar differences in biomass, color, and growth habit. Italian ryegrass seed head density and visual estimates of Italian ryegrass biomass during grain fill are appropriate indirect methods of selection for weed suppressive ability in breeding programs.
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Trusler, Chad S., Thomas F. Peeper, and Amanda E. Stone. "Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum) Management Options in Winter Wheat in Oklahoma." Weed Technology 21, no. 1 (March 2007): 151–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1614/wt-06-038.1.
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An experiment was conducted at three sites in central Oklahoma to compare the efficacy of Italian ryegrass management options in no-till (NT) and conventional tillage (CT) winter wheat. The Italian ryegrass management options included selected herbicide treatments, wheat-for-hay, and a rotation consisting of double-crop soybean seeded immediately after wheat harvest, followed by early season soybean, and then by wheat. In continuous wheat, before application of glyphosate or tillage, Italian ryegrass plant densities in mid-September were 12,300 to 15,000 plants/m2in NT plots vs. 0 to 500 plants/m2in CT plots. When applied POST, diclofop controlled more Italian ryegrass than tralkoxydim or sulfosulfuron. In continuous wheat, yields were greater in CT plots than in NT plots at two of three sites. None of the Italian ryegrass management options consistently reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Of the Italian ryegrass control strategies applied to continuous wheat, three herbicide treatments in NT at Chickasha and all treatments in NT at Perry reduced Italian ryegrass density in the following wheat crop. Italian ryegrass plant density in November and spike density were highly related to wheat yield at two and three sites, respectively. No management options were more profitable than rotation to soybean.
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Wu, Di, Xiao-Ling Wang, Xi-Xia Zhu, Hai-Hong Wang, Wei Liu, Lin Qi, Peng Song, Ming-Ming Zhang, and Wei Zhao. "Effect of Ammonia-Oxidizing Bacterial Strains That Coexist in Rhizosphere Soil on Italian Ryegrass Regrowth." Microorganisms 10, no. 11 (October 26, 2022): 2122. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10112122.
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Potted Italian ryegrasses (Lolium multiflorum L.) were used to investigate the effect of ammonia-oxidizing bacterial (AOB) strain that coexisted in rhizosphere soil on Italian ryegrass regrowth. The results showed that the isolated and screened AOB strain (S2_8_1) had 100% similarity to Ensifer sesbaniae. The inoculation of S2_8_1 on day 44 before defoliation caused its copy number in rhizosphere soils to increase by 83–157% from day 34 before defoliation to day 14 after defoliation compared with that in Italian ryegrass without S2_8_1 inoculation, indicating that S2_8_1 coexisted permanently with Italian ryegrass. The coexistence promoted the delivery of root-derived cytokinin to leaves and to increase its cytokinin concentrations; thus, the Italian ryegrass regrowth accelerated. During the 14-day regrowth period, the S2_8_1 coexistence with Italian ryegrass caused its leaf and xylem sap cytokinin concentrations, rhizosphere soil nitrification rates, net photosynthetic rates, and total biomass to increase by 38%, 58%, 105%, 18%, and 39% on day 14 after defoliation, respectively. The inoculation of S2_8_1 on day 2 before defoliation also increased the regrowth of Italian ryegrass. Thus, the coexistence of AOB with Italian ryegrass increased its regrowth by regulating the delivery of cytokinins from roots to leaves.
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Liebl, Rex, and A. Douglas Worsham. "Effect of Chlorsulfuron on the Movement and Fate of Diclofop in Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) and Wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Weed Science 35, no. 5 (September 1987): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500060689.
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The basis for chlorsulfuron {2-chloro-N-[[(4-methoxy-6-methyl-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino] caronyl] benzenesulfonamide} antagonism of diclofop {(±)-2-[4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenoxy] propanoic acid} was investigated in Italian ryegrass [Lolium multiflorum(Lam.) # LOLMU] and wheat (Triticum aestivumL. ‘McNair 1813′). Chlorsulfuron did not affect the chemical stability or volatility of diclofop in spray mixtures over the time and concentration ranges evaluated. Addition of chlorsulfuron (0.11 μg/μl) to a diclofop (2.0 μg/μl) foliar-applied spotting solution did not affect the absorption, translocation, or metabolism of diclofop in 17-day-old Italian ryegrass or wheat. Italian ryegrass and wheat responded differentially to diclofop alone. At 72 h after treatment, 69 and 40% of labeled diclofop penetrated into Italian ryegrass and wheat leaves, respectively. Although little movement of labeled diclofop occurred in either species, more translocated from the treated zone of Italian ryegrass. At 72 h after treatment, the percentages of14C recovered as parent methyl ester, diclofop (free acid), and conjugates in treated leaf extracts were 9, 62, and 25%, respectively, for Italian ryegrass, and 50, 20, and 29%, respectively, for wheat. Differential penetration and metabolism of diclofop are the probable bases for selectivity between wheat and Italian ryegrass. The antagonism of diclofop caused by chlorsulfuron does not appear to be due to an alteration of the molecular fate of diclofop in Italian ryegrass.
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Xue, Longhai, Yong Liu, Su Zhou, James F. White, and Chunjie Li. "Characterization of Pyrenophora Species Causing Brown Leaf Spot on Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in Southwestern China." Plant Disease 104, no. 7 (July 2020): 1900–1907. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-19-1457-re.
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Drechslera leaf spot (DLS) caused by Pyrenophora (Drechslera) species is one of the most serious diseases affecting Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) in China. Between 2015 and 2018, this disease was observed in three Italian ryegrass fields in the province of Sichuan, China. Average leaf disease incidence was approximately 1 to 12% but could range up to 100%. Symptoms appeared as brown or tan spots surrounded by a yellow halo, or brown to dark brown net blotch; subsequently, spots increased in number and size, and they later covered a large area of leaf, eventually causing leaf death. In this study, 86 strains of Pyrenophora fungi were isolated from leaf lesions of Italian ryegrass. Coupled with phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region, partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene, and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene, morphological characteristics showed that Pyrenophora dictyoides and P. nobleae are associated with Italian ryegrass in southwest China. Pathogenicity tests confirmed that both species can infect Italian ryegrass, causing leaf spot, whereas the virulence of the two species differed; P. nobleae showed lower pathogenicity to Italian ryegrass. This is the first time that these two Pyrenophora species were formally reported on Italian ryegrass based on both morphological and molecular characters. Overall, this study improves knowledge of the Pyrenophora species associated with Italian ryegrass and provides a foundation for control of this disease in the future.
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Baizán, Silvia, Fernando Vicente, José A. Oliveira, Elías Afif-Khouri, and Adela Martínez-Fernández. "Effect of replacing conventional Italian ryegrass by organic nitrogen source systems on chemical soil properties." Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research 18, no. 4 (December 2, 2020): e1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5424/sjar/2020184-15677.
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Aim of study: To evaluate agronomic performance and changes on soil chemical properties in two types of managements: conventional or sustainable.Area of study: Principality of Asturias, Spain.Material and methods: On a loam-clay texture soil, three winter forage legumes (faba bean, red clover and white lupin), in monoculture or mixed with Italian ryegrass and with organic fertilization (sustainable management) versus Italian ryegrass in monoculture and inorganic fertilization (conventional management) were evaluated during three consecutive years. After the harvest in spring, the rotations were completed with maize crop with the purpose to evaluate the effect of the sustainable management on forage yield and soil chemical parameters.Main results: The results showed that faba bean and red clover in monoculture and mixed with Italian ryegrass had better edaphic quality than Italian ryegrass in monoculture, and white lupin in monoculture or mixed with Italian ryegrass. Faba bean in monoculture and mixed with Italian ryegrass, both with organic fertilization, could be competitive crops since both had yields comparable to Italian ryegrass in monoculture with inorganic fertilization.Research highlights: Current agricultural practice could be changed for a more sustainable management system, including organic fertilization and legume crops.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Italian ryegra"
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VAGLIA, VALENTINA ADA ROSA. "NEW RESEARCH ON AGROTECHNICS FOR ORGANIC RICE PRODUCTION AND THEIR SUSTAINABILITY ASSESSMENT." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/924462.
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Questa tesi studia e valuta le tecniche agronomiche legate alla coltivazione del riso biologico nell'area del Nord Italia. Il finanziamento principale di questa tesi deriva dal progetto MIPAAF "Risobiosystems", iniziato nel 2017 e terminato nel 2020.
Gli studi presentati sono collegati alla strategia europea di produzione alimentare sostenibile "Farm to Fork", che è il fulcro del Green Deal europeo per rendere i sistemi alimentari equi, sani e rispettosi dell'ambiente, incoraggiando l'espansione del settore dell'agricoltura biologica (Commissione europea 2020). Come riportato in letteratura, l'agricoltura biologica è in grado di ridurre l'impatto ambientale dell'agricoltura evitando l'uso di composti di sintesi (es. fertilizzanti, pesticidi) e favorendo pratiche (es. rotazione delle colture, leguminose, fertilizzanti organici, sovescio, verde pacciamatura.) in grado di aumentare lo stock di carbonio nel suolo e prevenire gli impatti ambientali indiretti dovuti alla produzione industriale di input (Acuna et al. 2018). Concentrandosi sul settore del riso, è stato osservato che il sistema organico è in grado di aumentare la capacità di stoccaggio del carbonio nel suolo (Komatsuzaki e Syuaib, 2010) e il contenuto di materia organica, facilitando la preparazione del suolo (Mendoza, 2004) e favorendo la successione ecologica e l'eterogeneità temporale delle comunità biologiche nel suolo (Martínez-Eixarch et al. 2017). Il lavoro di tesi una raccolta di articoli pubblicati o in corso di revisione, ogni capitolo riporta il mio contributo, e ogni connessione con altri lavori che sono stati avviati ed ancora in corso.
Il capitolo I (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102739 ) rivela la mancanza di ricerca scientifica e informazioni sulla risicoltura biologica, soprattutto in Europa e in Italia. Lo studio presenta principalmente tre tecniche innovative di gestione delle erbe infestanti in risaia che possono essere considerate modelli adattabili nel loro contesto per la coltivazione del riso biologico. Questi modelli sono alla base di una lotta sostenibile contro i problemi ecologici e ambientali grazie al rigoroso divieto di sostanze chimiche come gli erbicidi. Nel lavoro emergono le metodologie la cui efficacia è stata ampiamente testata. In particolare la tecnica della “pacciamatura verde” utilizza colture di copertura (cover-crops) che controllano efficacemente le erbe infestanti grazie a quattro meccanismi principali. Il primo consiste nella parziale inibizione della germinazione delle erbe infestanti grazie alla competizione per l'acqua, i nutrienti e l'ombreggiamento, fenomeni causati dalla presenza di colture di copertura. La seconda consiste nell'effetto pacciamatura quando le cover-crops vengono sminuzzate o poste a terra con la semina del riso. Il terzo è rappresentato dai fenomeni di allelopatia che insorgono tra cover crops ed erbe infestanti (questo aspetto sarà approfondito nel Capitolo II, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030324 , https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356 -020-10140-4 ). Allo stesso tempo, il quarto meccanismo è legato all'accumulo di composti fitotossici a seguito della fermentazione provocata dall'acqua di immersione della risaia: l'ambiente anaerobico che si crea porta alla formazione di acidi organici come acido acetico, butirrico e propionico acido. L'allelopatia è un aspetto interessante offerto dalle piante in questa particolare agrotecnica. L'allelopatia generalmente produce e rilascia metaboliti secondari, generando effetti inibitori contro le specie vegetali vicine. La germinazione, la crescita e la riproduzione delle piante bersaglio possono così essere compromesse; questi aspetti sono stati approfonditi nel Capitolo II, partendo dall'esperienza degli agricoltori biologici. Lo studio mirava a definire l'azione inibitoria del Lolium multiflorum Lam., utilizzato come coltura di copertura prima della semina del riso nei confronti dell'Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch è una delle principali infestanti del riso. Il Capitolo III si concentra sulla valutazione dell'impatto ambientale della coltivazione del riso biologico attraverso l'LCA considerando gli scenari produttivi e gli agrotecnici descritti nel Capitolo I. L'approccio LCA è stato adottato perché è largamente utilizzato per valutare l'impatto ambientale del processo agricolo. Tuttavia, da un punto di vista LCA, l'agricoltura biologica non è una risposta ovvia ai problemi ambientali perché LCA definisce la funzione del sistema studiato utilizzando una 'unità funzionale', che dovrebbe essere una misura precisa di ciò che il sistema offre ma non è in grado di considerare ad esempio effetti indiretti. Inoltre, studi LCA esprimono gli impatti per unità di un prodotto per impostazione predefinita. Tuttavia, l'agricoltura biologica generalmente emette meno inquinanti per unità di terra occupata rispetto all'agricoltura convenzionale (un approccio basato sulla superficie); può però avere impatti maggiori per unità di prodotto a causa delle sue rese inferiori per unità di superficie (van der Werf, 2020).This thesis studies and evaluates the agronomical techniques associated with organic rice cultivation in the Northern Italy area. The study funding is from the Italian MIPAAF project "Risobiosystems", which started in 2017 and ended in 2020. The studies presented are connected to the European sustainable food production strategy "Farm to Fork," which is the core of the European Green Deal to make food systems fair, healthy and environmentally friendly, encouraging the expansion of the organic agriculture sector (European Commission 2020). As reported in the literature, organic farming is capable of reducing the environmental impact of agriculture by avoiding the use of synthetic compounds (e.g. fertilisers, pesticides) and by promoting practices (e.g. crop rotation, leguminous cultivation, organic fertilisers, green manure crops, green mulching.) able to increase the soil carbon stock, and prevent the indirect environmental impacts due to the industrial production of inputs (Acuna et al. 2018). Focusing on the rice sector, the organic system was observed able to increase the soil carbon storage capacity (Komatsuzaki and Syuaib, 2010) and organic matter content, facilitating the soil preparation (Mendoza, 2004) and promoting the ecological succession and temporal heterogeneity of the macrophyte communities into the soil (Martínez- Eixarch et al.; 2017). The thesis is a collection of articles published or under review associated with the organic rice production connected with Risobiosystems project results. Each paper explains my work and contribution, and each Chapter gave rise to new and ongoing studies. Chapter I (https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agsy.2019.102739) reveals the lack of scientific research and information about organic rice farming, especially in Europe and Italy. The studies mainly propose three different weed management techniques in the paddy field that can be considered models that can be standardised on farms specialising in their use. These models are the basis of a sustainable fight against ecological and environmental problems thanks to the strict avoidance of chemicals such as herbicides. Value is given to methodologies whose effectiveness has been widely tested. The green mulching technique uses cover crops that effectively control weeds thanks to four main mechanisms. The first consists of the partial inhibition of weeds' germination thanks to competition for water, nutrients, and shading, which are phenomena caused by the presence of cover crops. The second consists of the mulching effect when the crops are chopped or placed on the ground with rice sowing. The third is represented by the phenomena of allelopathy that arise between cover crops and weeds (this aspect will be further explored in Chapter II, https://doi.org/10.3390/plants9030324, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-10140-4 ). At the same time, the fourth mechanism is linked to the accumulation of phytotoxic compounds following the fermentation caused by the submersion water of the paddy field: the anaerobic environment that is created leads to the formation of organic acids such as acetic acid, butyric and propionic acid. Allelopathy is an interesting aspect offered by plants in this particular agrotechnical. Allelopathy generally produces and releases secondary metabolites, generating inhibitory effects against nearby plant species. The germination, growth and reproduction of target plants can thus be impaired; these aspects were deepened in Chapter II, starting from the organic farmers' experience. The study aimed to define the inhibitory action of Lolium multiflorum Lam., used as a cover crop before rice sowing against Echinochloa oryzoides (Ard.) Fritsch is one of the main rice weeds. Chapter III focuses on evaluating the environmental impact of organic rice cultivation through LCA considering the production scenarios and the agrotechnics described in Chapter I. The LCA approach was adopted because it is largely used to assess the environmental impact of the agriculture process. However, from an LCA viewpoint, organic agriculture is not an obvious answer to environmental problems because LCA defines the function of the studied system using a 'functional unit', which should be a precise measure of what the system delivers but is not able to consider for example indirect effects. Furthermore, LCAs express impacts per unit of a product by default. However, organic agriculture generally emits fewer pollutants per unit of land occupied than conventional agriculture (an area-based approach); it may have higher impacts per unit of product due to its lower yields per unit area (van der Werf, 2020).
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Dhaliwal, Amandeep Kaur Van Santen Edzard. "Recurrent phenotypic selection for increased winter productivity in annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)." Auburn, Ala., 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10415/1797.
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El, Hassani T. A. "Growth studies in Lolium multiflorum in a Mediterranean environment." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.370833.
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Smith, Luke B. "Overseeding annual ryegrass and cereal rye into soybean for winter forage and as a cover crop for weed control and soil conservation." Diss., Columbia, Mo. : University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10355/4312.
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Thesis (M.S.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2005.The entire dissertation/thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file (which also appears in the research.pdf); a non-technical general description, or public abstract, appears in the public.pdf file. Title from title screen of research.pdf file viewed on (July 14, 2006) Includes bibliographical references.
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Putta, Karthik. "Physical mapping of EPSPS gene copies in glyphosate resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum)." Thesis, Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/36183.
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Master of ScienceDepartment of Agronomy
Randall S. Currie
Mithila Jugulam
Italian ryegrass (Lolium perenne L. ssp. multiflorum (Lam.) Husnot), one of the problem weeds of the US, evolved resistance to multiple herbicides including glyphosate due to selection in Arkansas (AR). Glyphosate is a 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSPS) inhibitor and amplification of EPSPS gene, the molecular target of glyphosate confers resistance to this herbicide in several weed species, including Italian ryegrass from AR. The objective of this study was to determine the expression of EPSPS gene and protein as well as distribution of EPSPS copies on the genome of glyphosate-resistant Italian ryegrass (ARR) using a known susceptible Italian ryegrass (ARS) from AR. EPSPS gene copies and expression of ARR and ARS were determined using quantitative PCR with appropriate endogenous controls. EPSPS protein expression was determined using Western blot analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was performed on somatic metaphase chromosomes to determine the location of EPSPS copies. Based on qPCR analysis, ARR plants showed a wide range of 12 to 118 EPSPS copies compared to a single copy in ARS. EPSPS gene expression correlated with the gene copy number in both ARR and ARS. Individuals with high EPSPS copies showed high protein expression in Western blot analysis. FISH analysis showed presence of brighter EPSPS signals, distributed randomly throughout the genome of ARR individuals compared to a faint signal in ARS plants. Random distribution of EPSPS copies was previously reported in glyphosate-resistant Palmer amaranth. Overall, the results of this study will help understand the origin and mechanism of EPSPS gene amplification in Italian ryegrass.
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Carpenter, Alexandra Cathryn. "Wheat interactions with Italian ryegrass; forage production and quality in pure and mixed stands of wheat, oats, and ryegrass; and halosulfuron interaction with soils." Texas A&M University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/5956.
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A growth room experiment compared seedling growth after nine weeks of two
wheat genotypes in pure cultures and mixtures with Italian ryegrass at a low phosphorus
(P) level and the P level recommended by soil testing. At the recommended P level in
both pure and mixed culture, Mit, a semi-dwarf genotype, had a greater height, leaf area,
tiller number, and dry weight of leaves, stems and roots than did Kharkof, a landrace.
These results reflected the visual selection criteria for seedling vigor and tillering used in
the initial development of the semi-dwarf cultivars.
Field experiments compared total dry matter, calories, and percent crude protein
and acid detergent fiber of oats, wheat, and ryegrass in pure culture and mixtures at four
locations in central Texas at first clipping, second clipping, and unclipped. Although,
forage yield was lower for the first clipping than the second clipping or the unclipped
treatment, the first clipping had the best forage quality. There was a strong
environmental influence on yield and quality. The best forage was pure wheat at College
Station, pure ryegrass at Marlin, the wheat-ryegrass mixture at Temple, and pure oats at Thrall. Since Temple had the greatest yield of any site, the wheat-ryegrass mixture
demonstrated the highest yield potential.
The soil adsorption characteristics of halosulfuron was examined using six soils.
Soil adsorption of halosulfuron appeared to be a function of organic matter. Low Kf,ads
values indicated that a relatively high plant availability of halosulfuron could be
available for plant uptake. Sorghum produced in soils with a low organic matter content
may experience injury because of the high plant availability.
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Ackley, Bruce A. "Interactions of Purple Deadnettle, Lamium purpureum, Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera glycines and Italian Ryegrass, Lolium multIflorum." The Ohio State University, 2013. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1376911405.
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Morozov, Ivan Vladimirovitch. "Evaluation And Characterization of Herbicide Resistance In Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) Biotypes To Diclofop-methyl And Alternative Management Options." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/11154.
Full textAbstract:
Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) is a competitive weed in small grain production areas throughout the northwestern and southeastern US. In small grains, Italian ryegrass has generally been controlled with postemergence treatments of diclofop, or diclofop-methyl, a member of the subfamily of the aromatic carboxylic acid family, the aryloxyphenoxypropionates.
The first incidence of diclofop resistance in Italian ryegrass was reported in Virginia in 1995. Experiments to characterize diclofop resistance in several Virginia biotypes of Italian ryegrass included the following objectives: (1) evaluation of the presence of diclofop resistance in several Italian ryegrass biotypes collected across Virginia, (2) evaluation of alternative herbicide efficacy for diclofop resistant Italian ryegrass control, and (3) characterization of the aryloxyphenoxypropionate (APP) resistance mechanism in resistant Italian ryegrass biotypes.
The response of 32 biotypes to diclofop collected from various locations statewide with varying histories of diclofop applications confirmed diclofop resistance in Virginian Italian ryegrass populations. At 4-times the label-recommended application rate, only 50% of biotypes previously exposed to diclofop in a cropping situation were adequately controlled versus 94% of the biotypes not previously treated with diclofop. Tralkoxydim provided the most effective control of four of the biotypes. No postemergence treatment effectively controlled one biotype previously exposed to diclofop applications. Effective preemergence herbicide treatments for Italian ryegrass control in the greenhouse included acetochlor (two formulations) and flufenacet plus metribuzin. In the field, flufenacet plus metribuzin resulted in excellent Italian ryegrass control, little crop injury, and acceptable barley yields.
Acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) assays and herbicide absorption, translocation, and metabolism studies were conducted to investigate resistant mechanism(s) to two APP herbicides, diclofop and quizalofop. ACCase assays indicated no differences in enzyme activity between the two biotypes of Italian ryegrass evaluated. Furthermore, no significant differences in the specific activity of ACCase were detected between the two biotypes in the absence of diclofop. [14C]Quizalofop-P absorption, translocation, and metabolism did not differ between resistant and susceptible Italian ryegrass biotypes. Lack of a significant biotype effect suggests that differential metabolism does not explain the differential response to diclofop treatments observed in the herbicide dose-plant response experiment.Ph. D.
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Barth, Neto Armindo. "Impact of grazing management and crop rotation on integrated crop-livestock system : implication on Italian ryegrass established by self-seeding." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFPR, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1884/38017.
Full textAbstract:
Orientador : Prof. Dr. Paulo César de Faccio CarvalhoCo-orientador : Prof. Dr. Gilles Lemaire
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Agrárias, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Agronomia. Defesa: Curitiba, 25/02/2015
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Área de concentração: Produção vegetal
Resumo: Sistemas integrados de produção agropecuária (SIPA) são reconhecidos por sua produção sustentável, tanto agrícola quanto pecuária, devido a melhor utilização dos recursos naturais. Diferentes combinações e proporções de espécies animais e vegetais em SIPA são responsáveis por produzir aproximadamente metade da produção mundial de alimentos. Nas regiões subtropicais do mundo, particularmente na América do Sul, a utilização do azevém anual (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) estabelecidos por ressemeadura natural em rotação com milho (Zea mays L.) e/ou soja (Glycine max L.), são amplamente difundido entre os produtores rurais. Em SIPA a prática de ressemeadura natural são considerados economicamente e ambientalmente mais vantajosos, uma vez que economiza gastos e energia (combustível fóssil). Sobre este arranjo em SIPA, diversas questões ainda não foram respondidas sob a influência das práticas de manejo sobre o estabelecimento do azevém anual proveniente de ressemeadura natural. Por exemplo as plantas de soja e milho tem diferentes estruturas de dosséis, que podem afetar o desenvolvimento inicial das plântulas de azevém anual. Outro ponto é o manejo do pastoreio em SIPA, particularmente o efeito dos diferentes método de pastoreio e intensidades de pastejo que podem afetar o crescimento do pasto. Uma vez que o manejo do pastejo pode restringir a seletividade animal (altas intensidades de pastejo e pastoreio rotativo), afetam negativamente o acúmulo da massa de forragem, densidade de perfilhos reprodutivos e produção de sementes. Entretanto, estudos sobre o entendimento das interações e complementariedades entre as fases lavoura e pastagens em SIPA é pouco abordado na literatura, principalmente com o azevém anual estabelecido por ressemeadura natural. A hipótese deste trabalho é que a rotação das culturas de verão (monocultura de soja ou rotação soja-milho) e diferentes manejos do pasto (método de pastoreio e intensidade de pastejo) afetam diferentemente o desenvolvimento e a resiliência do azevém anual em SIPA no curto e longo prazo. Para comprovar esta hipótese foram preparados três artigos com os seguintes objetivos: i) avaliar os efeitos das práticas de manejo, rotação de culturas, método de pastoreio e oferta de forragem afetam o restabelecimento dos pastos de azevém anual por ressemeadura natural e determinar se os pastos são capazes de restabelecer por mais de um ano sem a adição de sementes no solo. ii) avaliar o impacto da rotação de culturas de verão e o manejo do pasto na massa de forragem no inicio e no final da fase pastejo. iii) Analisar e modelizar a dinâmica do azevém anual em SIPA com uma base de dados histórica do ciclo de vida do pasto e determinar a resiliência sob diferentes práticas de manejo sob uma perspectiva de longo-prazo. Palavras chave: Sistemas mistos, intensidade de pastejo, método de pastoreio, soja, milho, resiliência.
Abstract: Integrated crop-livestock systems with no-till (ICLS) are recognized to sustained agriculture and livestock production by the efficiently use of natural resources. Different combinations and proportions of animal and plant species in ICLS are responsible for producing about half of the of the word's food. In subtropical regions of the world, mainly in South America, the utilization of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) established by self-seed in rotation with maize (Zea Mays L.) or soybean (Glycine max L. Merril) is widely widespread. In ICLS, the harnessing of self-seeding is economically and environmentally advantageous because is capable to save money and energy (based on fossil fuel). In ICLS many question are unanswered about the Italian ryegrass established by self-seeding in face of different agricultural practices. For example soybean and maize have different canopy structures that can differently affect the pasture establishment phase. The grazing management in ICLS, particularly the effect of different stocking method and different grazing intensity can affect the dynamic of the pasture production. Since manage the pasture restricting the animal selection (i.e. higher grazing intensity and rotational stocking) affects negatively the herbage mass accumulation, the flowering structure and the seed production. However, the understanding of the interactions and of the complementarity between crops and pasture phases is poorly addressed in the literature, mainly in Italian ryegrass established by selfseeding. The hypothesis is that summer crop rotation (soybean monoculture or soybeanmaize) and the different grazing management (stocking methods and grazing intensities) affects differently the development and the resilience of Italian ryegrass in ICSL in short and long-term. To prove this hypothesis were prepared three articles with the following objective: i) to evaluate the effects of management practices, crop rotation, stocking method and herbage allowance on the re-establishment of Italian ryegrass pastures by self-seeding and determining if the pastures are able to establish themselves following a year without seed production. ii) to evaluate the impacts of summer crop rotation and grazing management on herbage mass at the beginning and at the end of grazing phase in ICLS. iii) to analyse and modelling the dynamics of Italian ryegrass in ICLS from an experimental database, based on a life-cycle basis to determine the resilience of different cropping systems in a long-term perspective. Key words: Mixed systems, grazing intensity, stocking method, soybean, maize, resilience.
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Dors, Celso Antonio. "Suscetibilidade dos genótipos diplóides e tetraplóides de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) ao herbicida glyphosate." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11136/tde-09092009-090712/.
Full textAbstract:
Genótipos de azevém (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) diplóides e tetraplóides são cultivados como forrageira na produção animal, no entanto, quando sistemas de produção que envolve o plantio direto são estabelecidos após o cultivo da forrageira é comum a dessecação com o herbicida glyphosate. Portanto, é importante conhecer se existe suscetibilidade diferencial a este herbicida entre os genótipos. Desta forma, foi desenvolvida a presente pesquisa como o objetivo de avaliar o grau de tolerância dos genótipos diplóides e tetraplóides de azevém ao herbicida glyphosate em quatro estádios fenológicos de desenvolvimento. Para isso, foram instalados quatro experimentos, sendo um para cada estádio fenológico do azevém (duas folhas, quatro perfilhos, pré-florescimento e formação de grãos). Os tratamentos consistiram da combinação dos dois genótipos e seis doses do herbicida glyphosate (240; 480; 960; 1.920; 3.840 e 7.680 g e.a. ha-1), e uma testemunha sem aplicação de glyphosate, em delineamento experimental de blocos ao acaso, quatro repetições. Os parâmetros analisados foram porcentagem de controle e fitomassa seca das plantas. Os resultados foram submetidos à análise de variância e em seguida ajustados para modelo de curva de dose-resposta do tipo logística, sendo destes modelos calculados valores de controle correspondestes a 50, 80, 90 e 99%. As conclusões principais obtidas nesta pesquisa foram de que os genótipos de azevém diplóide e tetraplóide apresentam suscetibilidade diferencial ao herbicida glyphosate, sendo o genótipo tetraplóide mais tolerante ao herbicida. O grau diferencial de tolerância, medido pelo fator de tolerância (FT) diferencial entre os genótipos, expresso pelo valor médio dos quatro estádios fenológicos estudados, utilizando como base o controle de 50% das plantas pelo glyphosate foi de 1,6 vezes a dose de glyphosate no genótipo tetraplóide em relação ao genótipo diplóide. Os estádios fenológicos de desenvolvimento das plantas de ambos os genótipos estudados afetam o grau de tolerância ao glyphosate. De maneira geral, em estádios mais avançados de desenvolvimento fenológico dos dois genótipos a suscetibilidade do azevém é menor ao glyphosate, exceto para o estádio de préflorescimento, no qual a planta é mais suscetível que o estádio de quatro perfilhos, quando o parâmetro de análise é a dose necessária para controle de 50% das plantas. O parâmetro de análise de suscetibilidade fitomassa seca das plantas apresentou a mesma tendência diferencial entre os fenótipos diplóides e tetraplóides que o parâmetro porcentagem de controle visual.Diploid and tetraploid genotypes of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) are cultivated as forage crop for animal production, however, when cropping systems that involve no tillage is established after the forage cultivation it is common the dessecation with the herbicide glyphosate. However, it is important to know if there is differential susceptibility between the genotypes to the herbicide, in four phenological stages of development. Therefore, it was developed this research with the objective of evaluating the degree of tolerance of the diploid and tetraploid genotypes of Italian ryegrass to the herbicide glyphosate. For that, four experiments were installed being one for each of the Italian ryegrass phenological stages (two leaves, four tillers, pre-flowering, and grain formation). The treatments consisted of the combination of the two genotypes and six rates of glyphosate (240; 480; 960; 1.920; 3.840 and 7.680 g a.e. ha-1) and a check plot without glyphosate application, in randomized complete blocks design, four replications. The parameters that were analyzed were control percentage and dry biomass. Results were submitted to analysis of variance and subsequently adjusted to non linear model of logistic dose-response curves, and from these models control values were calculated at 50, 80, 90 and 99%. The main conclusions obtained in this research were that genotypes of Italian ryegrass presented differential susceptibility to the herbicide glyphosate. The differential degree of tolerance, measured by the tolerance factor (TF) between the biotypes, expressed by the mean value of the four development stages studied, using the 50% Italian ryegrass control, was 1.6 times more glyphosate rate for the tetraploid genotype compared to the diploid genotype. The phenological stages of development of both genotypes affected the tolerance degree to glyphosate. In general, the more is the advanced development stages of both biotypes, the lower is the susceptibility of Italian ryegrass to glyphosate, except for the stage of pre-flowering, in which the plant is less susceptible than the stage of four tillers, when the analyzed parameter is the rate necessary to control 50% of the plants. The parameter of analysis of susceptibility plant dry biomass presented the same tendency of differential control between the diploid and tetraploid genotypes than the visual control percentage.
Books on the topic "Italian ryegra"
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E, Rechcigl Jack, and Florida Institute of Phosphate Research., eds. Influence of phosphogypsum on forage yield and quality and on the environment in typical Florida spodosol soils: Final report : submitted to the Florida Institute of Phosphate Research. Bartow, Fla. (1855 W. Main St., Bartow 33830): The Institute, 1996.
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Andersen, Preben E. Halmiblanding ved ensilering af fugtige afgrøder: Ensilerings- og fodringsforsøg med ital. rajgræs (efterslæt) og bederoetop med og uden halmtilsætning ved ensileringen samt ensilerings- og fodringsforsøg med majs og solsikke = Addition of straw with ensiling of wet crops : ensiling and feeding experiments with Italian ryegrass and beet top ensiled with and without application of straw, and ensiling and feeding experiments with maize and sunflower. København: Statens Planteavlsudvalg og Statens Husdyrbrugsforsøg, 1987.
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Hassan, Gul. Differential sensitivity of Italian ryegrass and rice cultivars to fenoxaprop. 1992.
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McGrath, D. Italian Ryegrass as a Source of Fermentable Sugars and Protein Feedstuff. European Communities / Union (EUR-OP/OOPEC/OPOCE), 1990.
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Reyes, Carlos C. Rattail fescue (Vulpia myuros) control in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) grown for seed. 1991.
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Hashem, Abul. Effect of density, proportion, and spatial arrangement on the competition of winter wheat and Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam). 1991.
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Kunjo, Ebrima Madi. Emergence and growth of nine accessions of diclofop-resistant Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum L.) and multiple resistance to other herbicides. 1992.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Italian ryegra"
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Sastry, K. Subramanya, Bikash Mandal, John Hammond, S. W. Scott, and R. W. Briddon. "Lolium spp. (Ryegrass; Italian ryegrass)." In Encyclopedia of Plant Viruses and Viroids, 1397–401. New Delhi: Springer India, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-3912-3_538.
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Rowarth, J. S., W. J. Archie, and D. B. Baird. "Nitrogen requirements for italian ryegrass seed production." In Plant Nutrition — from Genetic Engineering to Field Practice, 513–16. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_109.
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Veen, B. W., and A. Kleinendorst. "The role of nitrate in osmoregulation of Italian ryegrass." In Fundamental, Ecological and Agricultural Aspects of Nitrogen Metabolism in Higher Plants, 477–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4356-8_70.
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Kölliker, R., V. Knorst, B. Studer, and B. Boller. "Single-Marker Assisted Introgression of Crown Rust Resistance in an Italian Ryegrass Breeding Program." In Breeding in a World of Scarcity, 163–67. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-28932-8_25.
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Scotti, C., C. Garau, and M. Molinari. "N2 Fixing Bacteria in the Rhizosphere of Natural Populations of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium Multiflorum L.)." In Nitrogen Fixation, 341–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-3486-6_72.
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Sagoe, Charles I., T. Ando, K. Kouno, and T. Nagaoka. "Effects of organic-acid treatment of phosphate rocks on the phosphorus availability to Italian ryegrass." In Plant Nutrition for Sustainable Food Production and Environment, 619–24. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0047-9_197.
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Hirota, Kiyoharu, Yasuhisa Suganuma, Tomoharu Iwasaki, and Takeshi Kuwano. "How to Teach Remotely the Vegetation Works to Protect Slopes Against Mass Wasting: A Case of Using Video Materials in Bhutan." In Progress in Landslide Research and Technology, Volume 1 Issue 2, 2022, 361–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18471-0_26.
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AbstractThis paper describes the outline of the video tutorial prepared for vegetation workers and relevant officers in Bhutan to learn how vegetation works are to be done in remote areas. The Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA for short) took a project on cutting unstable slopes in Gangthangkha, Wangdue, Bhutan, so that they should be gentler than 45° to improve slope stability with vegetation works. Particularly stabilizing slopes along Prime National Highway No. 1 (PNH-1 for short) was the overriding priority because slope failures along this highway have reportedly occurred in rainy seasons. Before vegetation works were carried out on the studied slope of the project, the authors conducted germination tests to choose seeds and methods suitable for the vegetation works. They chose Paspalum Atratum, Ruzi grass, and GM mixed (Grass Mixture seed formulating of Cock’s foot 70% and Italian Ryegrass 30% of 100 kg) based on their test results. The soil thickness associated with sowing was set at 5 cm. The authors tried the following types of vegetation methods on the studied site. Type A is arranging on the slope stripes of soil mixed with seeds and fertilizer, Type B is spreading out a five cm-thick seeds-mixed soil layer over the slope, and Type C is transplanting germination beds. In conclusion, Type C is the best in terms of its performance because the whole slope is quickly covered with already grown plants. In Type B, it is not until grass covers the entire slope that the slope is finally stabilized. Type A is good for seeds-mixed soil stripes, but it takes time for the grass to spread gradually over the whole slope.
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Simić, Aleksandar, Dejan Sokolović, Savo Vučković, Snežana Babić, and Dušica Delić. "Optimising Stand Density and Nitrogen Fertiliser Rates for Seed Production in the Tetraploid Italian Ryegrass Cultivar K29T." In Quantitative Traits Breeding for Multifunctional Grasslands and Turf, 373–80. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9044-4_51.
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Buanafina, Marcia M. de O., Tim Langdon, Barbara Hauck, Sue J. Dalton, and Phil Morris. "Manipulating the Phenolic Acid Content and Digestibility of Italian Ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum) by Vacuolar-Targeted Expression of a Fungal Ferulic Acid Esterase." In Twenty-Seventh Symposium on Biotechnology for Fuels and Chemicals, 416–26. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-268-7_34.
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Delić, D., O. Stajković-Srbinović, D. Kuzmanović, N. Rasulić, S. Maksimović, J. Radović, and A. Simić. "Influence of Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Alfalfa, Medicago sativa L. yield by Inoculation of a Preceding Italian Ryegrass, Lolium multiflorum Lam." In Breeding strategies for sustainable forage and turf grass improvement, 333–39. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4555-1_45.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Italian ryegra"
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Lee, Matthew A., Yanbo Huang, Vijay K. Nandula, and Krishna N. Reddy. "Differentiating glyphosate-resistant and glyphosate-sensitive Italian ryegrass using hyperspectral imagery." In SPIE Sensing Technology + Applications, edited by Moon S. Kim and Kuanglin Chao. SPIE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2053072.
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