Journal articles on the topic 'Italian inner area'
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1
Romagnoli, Luca, and Luigi Mastronardi. "Can Local Policies Reduce the Gap between ‘Centers’ and ‘Inner Areas’? The Case of Italian Municipalities’ Expenditure." Economies 8, no. 2 (April 20, 2020): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies8020033.
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This study analyzes the links between Italian inner area municipalities’ expenditure and per capita incomes, considered as a proxy of well-being. Inner areas are territorial contexts characterized by a significant distance from the centers, the main supply poles of essential services. Following a top-down approach, the paper at first demonstrates the existence of a global convergence process in per capita incomes, with a faster rate of convergence in inner areas with respect to centers; then, attention is focused on local administrations’ policies and their impact on incomes in Italian inner areas. The paper gives a twofold contribution to the debate about the implementation of territorial cohesion policies: (a) on one side, public expenditure data are considered for the first time in an econometric model regarding Italian inner areas; (b) on the other side, the reference territorial subdivision is the lowest possible, giving the opportunity to investigate the changes in well-being at the finest scale.
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Piacentini, Tommaso, Maria Carla Somma, Sonia Antonelli, Marcello Buccolini, Gianluca Esposito, Vania Mancinelli, and Enrico Miccadei. "The “Fan of the Terre Peligne”: Integrated Enhancement and Valorization of the Archeological and Geological Heritage of an Inner-Mountain Area (Abruzzo, Central Apennines, Italy)." Resources 8, no. 2 (June 24, 2019): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources8020118.
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The outstanding cultural heritage of Italy is intimately related to the landscape and its long-lasting history. Besides major cities, famous localities, and park areas, several minor places and areas hide important features that allow the enhancing of inner-mountain and hilly areas as well as local natural reserves. This enhancement is supported by combining different types of cultural tourism, such as the archeological and geological ones. In this paper, an integrated geological–archeological itinerary is presented, which aims to valorize both these aspects in the inner-mountain areas of the central Apennines. The itinerary, called the “Fan of the Terre Peligne”, is focused on the Terre Peligne area located in the Sulmona basin, in the central-eastern part of the Apennines chain (Abruzzo region, central Italy). It is composed of five sectors (one for each of the municipalities included) and incorporates traditional physical tools and digital ones. Here, the evidence of the Apennines formation is preserved from the origin of marine carbonate rocks to their deformation and the landscape shaping. The Terre Peligne intermontane basin became—and still is—one of the main transit areas for crossing the Italian peninsula since before Roman times and here many stages of Italian history are preserved. This allows outlining of the presence of man since prehistoric times, and here the name “Italia” was defined for the first time, in Corfinio, and to testify the connection between human and landscape history. A SWOT (strengths–weaknesses–opportunities–threats) analysis highlighted the main strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats. Combining geological and archeological elements, which are intimately connected in this area, this itinerary intends to be an instrument for the enhancement and awareness of the natural and cultural heritage of a poorly known area that features outstanding geological, landscape, and human elements of the history of the inner Apennines.
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Pace, Cecilia Serena, Patrizia Velotti, and Giulio Cesare Zavattini. "Representations of health and illness by Eastern European, South American and Italian care workers: a qualitative study." Journal of Health Psychology 17, no. 4 (October 3, 2011): 490–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105311419269.
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This qualitative research examined the representations of health and illness presented by 30 individuals who work as care workers, from three different locations: Eastern Europe, South America and Italy. We led three focus groups for people who came from the same geographical area (intra-ethnic) and two for those from ‘mixed’ areas (inter-ethnic). From our content analyses, certain similarities and differences between the conceptualizations of health and illness emerged: in the intra-ethnic focus groups, Eastern Europeans focused on ‘inner strengths’, South Americans on ‘love’ and Italians on ‘personal autonomy’. These peculiar traits were levelled in the inter-ethnic focus groups.
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Romagnoli, Luca, Paola Di Renzo, and Luigi Mastronardi. "Modelling Income Drivers in Peripheral Municipalities: The Case of Italian Inner Areas." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 9, 2022): 14754. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142214754.
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The paper provides new evidence on the relationship among per capita incomes, local expenditures and territorial economic structure in Italian inner areas. The study area comprises the municipalities belonging to three Italian regions, namely, Marche, Abruzzo and Molise. The methodology employed involves a panel multilevel regression model, in order to investigate both on territorial and time changes. The period under analysis covers 2008–2016, the years following the outbreak of the global crisis. The results highlight the importance of three public expenditure categories—Environment protection and planning, Tourism, and Cultural heritage—on the growth of per capita incomes. Regional economic structure also plays an important role, especially through the rate of employees in the industrial sector. In order to increase the effectiveness of local public policies, a re-allocation of global expenditures among its various components might be recommended. Another suggestion concerns the implementation of integrated policies oriented both to tourism and to the enhancement of territorial assets.
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Forleo, Maria Bonaventura, Vincenzo Giaccio, Agostino Giannelli, Luigi Mastronardi, and Nadia Palmieri. "Socio-Economic Drivers, Land Cover Changes and the Dynamics of Rural Settlements: Mt. Matese Area (Italy)." European Countryside 9, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 435–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/euco-2017-0026.
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Abstract The paper elaborates on the relationship between land cover changes and transformation drivers, by analysing the dynamics that took place between 1990 and 2010 in Mt. Matese area (Italy). Mt. Matese is an interesting case study which was included as a pilot area in the Italian Strategy for Inner Areas. Drivers related to land cover changes include population characteristics, the agricultural and production system, tourist offer, location and settlements dynamics. Land cover changes and the dynamics of studied drivers are analysed in-depth, through a descriptive and multivariate analysis. Results highlight the difficult situation of the study area for many drivers. However, the slow changes in land cover and the potentialities offered by the natural environment, as well as by the agriculture and tourism sectors, outline some development prospects. The paper outlines the current scenario in the area and provides useful references for future policies aimed at setting up this area as National Park and at implementing the Strategy for Inner Areas.
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Ottomano Palmisano, Giovanni, Ruggiero Sardaro, and Piermichele La Sala. "Recovery and Resilience of the Inner Areas: Identifying Collective Policy Actions through PROMETHEE II." Land 11, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11081181.
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Inner areas are rural areas with low population density, distant from the main hotspots offering essential welfare services and endowed with significant environmental assets and cultural heritage. In Italy, their development is at the core of the national strategy for inner areas. Specific documents and program agreements were issued for each inner area and summarized the intervention themes and projects to implement. However, when the inner areas are considered within a regional territorial ‘matrix’, further collective policy actions have to be identified, through comparison and in-depth analysis of their features and influence on development. Therefore, this research aims to identify and analyse the development needs and potentialities of the inner areas, for strengthening the national strategy and improving their recovery and resilience through collective policy actions. The Multiple Criteria Decision Aiding (MCDA) method PROMETHEE II was applied as research methodology to four inner areas in Puglia region (southern Italy), using 43 indicators organized into seven thematic dimensions and setting specific parameters. The results enabled to delineate the overall development score of the four inner areas, and the profile of each inner area based on every indicator and dimension. By analysing this profile, key thematic dimensions where to direct collective policy actions were identified, related mainly to contrast with the depopulation by improving specific essential services (e.g., digitalization, health, education) and to foster the development of agriculture, tourism, and cultural heritage. This research can be considered a first step for future broader studies, to guide the process of policy making for the recovery and resilience of European and Italian inner areas with a multi-perspective approach.
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Ferretti, Maddalena, Maria Giada Di Baldassarre, and Caterina Rigo. "Reactivating Built Heritage with Shared, Creative, and Transcalar Approaches: An Exploration of the Marche Apennine Inner Area." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (December 5, 2022): 16196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142316196.
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The article investigates the possibilities of re-activating the built heritage of the Marche Apennine through shared, creative, and transcalar approaches. This is a particularly challenging task for marginal inner areas, which during the pandemic have been even more isolated due to previous structural issues such as lack of services, poor accessibility, economic stagnation, and depopulation. Italian inner areas are also facing an increase in environmental risks linked to ongoing climate change. This work focuses on the Appennino Basso Pesarese Anconetano in the Marche Region as part of the national project “Branding4Resilience”. The research methodological approach entails an exploration of the territory through quantitative and qualitative tools to investigate the possibility of a new reading of the Marche inner area and suggest operation at a local level, without losing the wider perspective on global challenges. This interpretation is synthesized in a territorial portrait that supports visions for the sustainable transformation of the area, and shows the need for shared collaborative approaches for more inclusive forms of living together. Finally, the work proposes built heritage as a trigger for development processes in marginalized territories, thus highlighting the crucial role of design and creativity, through transcalar approaches, to unveil relevant and often hidden resources and to envisage resilient futures for inner areas.
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Lino, Barbara, Annalisa Contato, Mauro Ferrante, Giovanni Frazzica, Luciana Macaluso, and Francesca Sabatini. "Re-Inhabiting Inner Areas Triggering New Regeneration Trajectories: The Case Study of Sicani in Sicily." Sustainability 14, no. 2 (January 15, 2022): 976. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14020976.
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The Italian debate on the so-called ‘inner areas’ has received a much-needed boost, following the COVID-19 pandemic, which has further highlighted the differences between metropolitan and inner areas. While the progressive depopulation of inner areas is a worrying phenomenon, the limits of incessant urbanisation and the concentration of settlement and infrastructure policies in large conurbations have become evident. Departing from the framework of the B4R-Branding4Resilience research project of national interest and, by continuing in the furrow initiated by the SNAI, but also surpassing it, the aim of the University of Palermo’s research is to define the requirement for a more inclusive settlement model in the Sicani area in Sicily (Italy) to re-balance existing asymmetries by recharging peripheral areas with new centrality. The aims of the research are to demonstrate that inner areas could be an engine for innovation, thereby outlining a roadmap through which to encourage the resilience of new sustainable lifestyles. These aims would be achieved by working on new perspectives and projects, which are capable of radically modifying production, consumption, and tourism dynamics and work/life models, and which are gleaned from a study regarding the Sicani area in Sicily. The paper discusses case study quantitative and qualitative analyses and first results.
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Ferretti, Maddalena, Sara Favargiotti, Barbara Lino, and Diana Rolando. "Branding4Resilience: Explorative and Collaborative Approaches for Inner Territories." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 7, 2022): 11235. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811235.
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This article analyzes inner and marginal territories in four Italian peripheral contexts by first discussing some of the results and future steps of the “B4R Branding4Resilience” research project, funded by the Italian Ministry of Research from 2020 to 2023. The overall research is based on three phases: (1) the exploration phase to analyze socio-economic data and territorial dynamics; (2) the co-design phase involving local actors to develop ideas for a selected pilot case; (3) the co-visioning phase where a future transformative perspective for the whole area was shared with the institutions. The article focuses on phase 1 and presents some first results achieved by the application of a methodological approach based on the integration of different qualitative and quantitative tools and methods. The results outline the exploration of the four selected territories through data analyses and mapping, perceptive-narrative explorations, field research, and explorative designs. The concept of peripherality is addressed in a critical way, trying to go beyond standardized definitions, including interdisciplinarity as an essential tool for territorial enhancement and branding. The main interpretation findings not only outline possible strategies and actions for the four analyzed inner territories, but also foster the application of the proposed methodological approach in other complex socio-economic contexts.
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Scardellato, Gabriele. "A Century and More of Italians in Toronto: An Overview of Settlement." Quaderni d'italianistica 28, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 7–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/q.i..v28i1.8548.
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Through the use of various published and original sources this study outlines the reception and settlement of Italian immigrants in a modern Canadian urban environment. Substantial Italian migration and immigration to Toronto began in the late nineteenth century. The first migrants and immigrants were dispersed across at least four relatively distinct, inner-city neighbourhoods. Over time, and in particular after World War Two, one of these neighbourhoods grew to become one of the largest settlements of its type outside of Italy. Now in the process of gentrification, the area known as College Street Little Italy served a pivotal role in the accommodation of Italian immigrants in Toronto.
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Rossitti, Marco, and Francesca Torrieri. "The THEMA tool to support heritage-based development strategies for marginal areas." REGION 9, no. 2 (October 6, 2022): 109–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.18335/region.v9i2.394.
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The ongoing forced reflection on the leading urbanization models' crisis has led to greater attention to marginal areas. In Italy, the scientific and media debate has focused on inner areas that, since 2014, have represented the target of an innovative national cohesion policy aimed at tackling their shrinking dynamics: the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI). Indeed, Italian inner areas are endowed with extraordinary natural capital and settlement models far from urban density. Thus, they seem to respond perfectly to the new raised living needs. However, leaving aside the optimistic rhetoric, strong political and administrative choices are necessary to trigger a `return process' based on this broader attention toward inner areas, thus countering humankind's natural tendency to concentrate on urban realities. In this light, the paper proposes a tool to support SNAI in designing and implementing heritage-based local development strategies to address inner areas' real needs. After a critical reading of the new challenges for planning posed by the pandemic and SNAI's role within them, the contribution moves to frame the THEMA (Tool for Heritage-based Enhancement of Marginal Areas) tool, focusing on specificities of the inner areas as cultural heritage. Finally, the tool's application to a case study, an inner area in Campania Region, allows to outline and discuss its possible benefits for SNAI implementation and its limits.
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Čebron Lipovec, Neža. "Homage to a New Town in an Old One: Dequel’s Bust of Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ah.13.1.248-263.
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The concept of collective memory raises fundamental questions regarding the assessment of heritage, especially of built heritage in contested spaces. The simultaneous presence of different groups in conflict introduces into the space parallel memory discourses that can be recognised both in the built environment as well as in public sculpture, and both can be read as a symbolic marking of space (Veschambre, 2008). The urban space of northern Istria, where the Italian and Slovene communities have become intertwined throughout history, were drastically marked by the political and historic events of the mid-20th century. Post-war conflict-solving processes lead and an ongoing process of “ethnic metamorphosis” (Purini, 2010) in the region came to a peak when the majoritarian Italian-speaking population of the urban area emigrated, while the space was settled by newcomers from inner Slovenian regions and other Yugoslav republics. Tensions between Slovenes and Italians arose in the early 20th century, especially from the period of Fascist oppression and violence against the Slovene population. Nevertheless, the antifascist struggle united the two ethnic groups, specifically within the Communist ideology, so after WWII the area of the so-called Zona B of the Free Territory of Trieste was marked by the ideal of fratellanza, the brotherhood between Italians and Slovenes in Istria. A monument to this ideal was created by a sculptor from Capodistria, Oreste Dequel, who is unknown in the Slovene context. The sculpture represented the Protestant Bishop of Capodistria, Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane, a friend of the key Slovene Protestant Primož Trubar. Despite the then leading Socialist Realist aesthetics, the artist managed to intertwine in the artwork, using a subversive approach, several collective memories.
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Čebron Lipovec, Neža. "Homage to a New Town in an Old One: Dequel’s Bust of Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane." Ars & Humanitas 13, no. 1 (August 20, 2019): 248–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ars.13.1.248-263.
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The concept of collective memory raises fundamental questions regarding the assessment of heritage, especially of built heritage in contested spaces. The simultaneous presence of different groups in conflict introduces into the space parallel memory discourses that can be recognised both in the built environment as well as in public sculpture, and both can be read as a symbolic marking of space (Veschambre, 2008). The urban space of northern Istria, where the Italian and Slovene communities have become intertwined throughout history, were drastically marked by the political and historic events of the mid-20th century. Post-war conflict-solving processes lead and an ongoing process of “ethnic metamorphosis” (Purini, 2010) in the region came to a peak when the majoritarian Italian-speaking population of the urban area emigrated, while the space was settled by newcomers from inner Slovenian regions and other Yugoslav republics. Tensions between Slovenes and Italians arose in the early 20th century, especially from the period of Fascist oppression and violence against the Slovene population. Nevertheless, the antifascist struggle united the two ethnic groups, specifically within the Communist ideology, so after WWII the area of the so-called Zona B of the Free Territory of Trieste was marked by the ideal of fratellanza, the brotherhood between Italians and Slovenes in Istria. A monument to this ideal was created by a sculptor from Capodistria, Oreste Dequel, who is unknown in the Slovene context. The sculpture represented the Protestant Bishop of Capodistria, Pier Paolo Vergerio il Giovane, a friend of the key Slovene Protestant Primož Trubar. Despite the then leading Socialist Realist aesthetics, the artist managed to intertwine in the artwork, using a subversive approach, several collective memories.
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Cogliani, E., G. Abbate, and S. Racalbuto. "Thermal, pressure and wind fields at ground level in the area of the Italian base at Terra Nova Bay, Victoria Land, Antarctica, as observed by a network of automatic weather stations." Annales Geophysicae 14, no. 10 (October 31, 1996): 1088–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-996-1088-1.
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Abstract. Ground temperature, pressure and wind speed monthly averages in the area of the Italian Station at Terra Nova Bay, Antarctica, were analyzed for the period 1987–1991 by means of a network of nine AWS (automatic weather stations). Spatial configurations of temperature show a well-defined, relatively warm island in the area of Terra Nova Bay, between Drygalsky and Campbell ice tongues, throughout the year. A second warm island is present to the north along the coast, between Aviator and Mariner ice tongues, for most of the year. From February to March a rapid drop in temperature is observed at all stations. A strong thermal gradient develops during February, March, April and October, November, December, between the coastal region and inner highlands. The baric configuration follows the elevation of the area. Annual average pressure and temperature as functions of stations altitude show linear trends. Severe katabatic wind episodes are recorded at all stations, with wind speed exceeding 25 m s–1 and direction following the orographic features of the inner areas. Co-occurrences of these episodes were observed for stations located along stream lines of cold air drainage. The autocorrelation function of maximum wind speed time series shows wind persistence of 2–3 days and wind periodicity of about one week.
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Sandoli, Antonio, Gian Piero Lignola, Andrea Prota, and Giovanni Fabbrocino. "Seismic Fragility Assessment of Inner Peripheries of Italy through Digital Crowd-Sourcing Technologies." Buildings 13, no. 2 (February 18, 2023): 562. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13020562.
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The structural and seismic fragility assessment of minor historical centers of the Inner Peripheries of Italy is a key phase of the preservation process of the historical and cultural features of a portion of the Italian building stock, whose reuse is crucial for the reversal of shrinking trends and the stimulation of population growth. In this framework, the opportunities offered by digital crowd-sourcing technologies with respect to performing probabilistic structural safety assessment at a large scale are investigated herein. The objective of this research was to exploit data and information available on the web such that the key building features of an area of interest are collected through virtual inspections, historical databases, maps, urban plans, etc. Thus, homogeneous clusters of buildings identified in the area of interest are catalogued and associated with specific building classes (chosen among those available in the literature), and the buildings’ levels of seismic fragility are determined through the development of fragility curves. The research outcomes show that the proposed approach provides a satisfactory initial screening of the seismic fragility level of an area, thus allowing for the identification of priority zones that require further investigations or structural interventions to mitigate seismic risk.
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Favargiotti, Sara, Margherita Pasquali, Chiara Chioni, and Angelica Pianegonda. "Water Resources and Health Tourism in Val di Sole: Key Elements for Innovating with Nature in the Italian Inner Territories." Sustainability 14, no. 18 (September 8, 2022): 11294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811294.
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The contexts addressed by the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI) often lack successful regional policies and systemic territorial approaches to achieve effective transformations towards resilient territories. These issues are addressed by the ongoing project “B4R Branding4Resilience.” This contribution aims to present and discuss its first results in the focus area of Val di Sole, Trentino-Alto Adige Region (Italy). The main goal of the University of Trento unit is to pursue leadership in innovating with nature in small thermal villages. The aim is to create a territorial strategy based on the value of the water resources and thermal systems by promoting the enhancement of their natural capital. An interdisciplinary and multi-scalar methodology has been adopted to combine qualitative and quantitative approaches; a data collection process was used to explore the natural identity of Val di Sole to comprehend the ecological and spatial elements; a co-design activity was conducted with the local community’s engagement to propose a resilient territorial strategic vision. As a result, the “Val di Sole Blueprint” represents a strategic tool to implement thermal landscapes as ecological design resources for the territory and to support sustainable territorial development for a better quality of life.
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Hassan, Mustafa Hamid, Salama A. Mostafa, Zirawani Baharum, Aida Mustapha, Mohd Zainuri Saringat, and Rita Afyenni. "A Nested Monte Carlo Simulation Model for Enhancing Dynamic Air Pollution Risk Assessment." JOIV : International Journal on Informatics Visualization 6, no. 4 (December 31, 2022): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.30630/joiv.6.4.1228.
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The risk assessment of air pollution is an essential matter in the area of air quality computing. It provides useful information supporting air quality (AQ) measurement and pollution control. The outcomes of the evaluation have societal and technical influences on people and decision-makers. The existing air pollution risk assessment employs different qualitative and quantitative methods. This study aims to develop an AQ-risk model based on the Nested Monte Carlo Simulation (NMCS) and concentrations of several air pollutant parameters for forecasting daily AQ in the atmosphere. The main idea of NMCS lies in two main parts, which are the Outer and Inner parts. The Outer part interacts with the data sources and extracts a proper sampling from vast data. It then generates a scenario based on the data samples. On the other hand, the Inner part handles the assessment of the processed risk from each scenario and estimates future risk. The AQ-risk model is tested and evaluated using real data sources representing crucial pollution. The data is collected from an Italian city over a period of one year. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated based on statistical indices, coefficient of determination (R2), and mean square error (MSE). R2 measures the prediction ability in the testing stage for both parameters, resulting in 0.9462 and 0.9073 prediction accuracy. Meanwhile, MSE produced average results of 9.7 and 10.3, denoting that the AQ-risk model provides a considerably high prediction accuracy.
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Casadei, Cristina. "The Inner Areas Italian question." ANUARI d’Arquitectura i Societat, no. 2 (November 30, 2022): 134–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/anuari.2022.17945.
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Within the theme of depopulation and overcrowding, the article proposes a reflection on the so-called ‘Inner Areas’ Italian question and their re-actualization. The issue concerns the territories now marginalized due to a continuous process of depopulation that began after World War II and has become more acute in recent years. The issue attracts attention since inland areas constitute about 61% of the national territory and coincide with the rugged and mountainous, Apennine and Alpine, and sometimes hilly regions of the peninsula, mainly characterized by rural areas. These territories suffer from reduced employment and land use, inadequate services, and communication infrastructure. But, precisely this critical condition has made today these areas preserve remarkable environmental and historical-cultural qualities, absent or lacking in urban centres, understood as values to be recovered, at the base of a possible development strategy. The discussion starts from the assumption that there is a close relationship between roads and land occupation and considers the territory of Inner Southern Etruria, which falls within the perimeter of the Inner Areas. Then it proposes a strategy for reactivating the landscape that starts by recovering the capillary and minute road network that permeates it. This dense network of travels, in this case, referred to the ancient via Clodia, can be traced and interpreted today as a structure for crossing and actualizing marginalized regions.
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Bramanti, Alberto, and Sofia Ricci. "Structure and performance of the Italian alpine “core”: a counterfactual analysis." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 12, no. 4 (June 23, 2020): 387–407. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-05-2020-0026.
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Purpose The competitiveness of the Alpine regions is strongly influenced by environmental constraints and its relationship with the urban network in the valley floor, which cannot be one of pure dependence. This study aims to analyse the health of the Italian Alpine economy through the performance of its capital companies, defined as those operating in the strictly mountainous are-as within the territories covered by the Alpine Convention. The authors compare the performance (2012-2018) of the “inner core” firms with a counterfactual sample of companies from neighbouring territories to delineate the strengths and weaknesses of the Alpine enterprises. The paper addresses policymakers and practitioners who will design the future policies for the high lands, exploiting a vast collaborative planning network. Design/methodology/approach The study analyses two broad strands of literature on territorial competitiveness. It uses the coarsened exact matching techniques for the selection of a counterfactual sample at the enterprise level. The study follows a policy-oriented design, offering answers to future challenges. Findings The Alpine region has several different local production systems, with a significant level of heterogeneity among firms that differentiate the top 25% from the rest. The counterfactual analysis carried out does not provide clear evidence of significant differences. Instead, it con-firms strong similarities between the Alpine core and the peri-Alpine belt. It is only in terms of employment growth that the core grows less (with a high statistical significance). Finally, the authors introduce the analysis of sustainable value added (SVA) in the core area and use the “tourism chain” to compare different models. The focus here is on two keywords – rarefied and uncontaminated – that enable the transformation of some typical weaknesses of the “minor (or marginal) mountain” into assets for development, provided that place-based and network policies are activated. Research limitations/implications The study focusses on the Italian Alps and could be extended in the future to the other countries participating in the Alpine Convention. It may also be enriched by qualitative analyses of partnerships and sole proprietorships that are not identified by the balance sheet analysis. Practical implications The study follows a policy-oriented design, offering possible solutions to future challenges. Social implications The study offers some suggestions on the post-COVID-19 phase. The bottom-up, reluctant and community dimension are possible strengths to face the challenges that are opening up. Originality/value The study is one of the very few to carry out a counterfactual analysis of Alpine enterprises. It offers evidence on the strengths and weaknesses of the productive fabric of the high lands and updates the assessment of the health status of Alpine enterprises to accompany future fact-based policies after the COVID pandemic.
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Ivona, Antonietta, Antonella Rinella, Francesca Rinella, Federica Epifani, and Sara Nocco. "Resilient Rural Areas and Tourism Development Paths: A Comparison of Case Studies." Sustainability 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2021): 3022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13063022.
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In the settlement network of Italian small towns (the so-called “borghi”, with a population ceiling lower than 5000 inhabitants), not lacking in discontinuities and patches, a “common thread” is increasingly noticeable, which allows to look optimistically beyond several weaknesses (economy depending on a relatively unprofitable or declining agriculture, social and economic stasis, demographic decline and consequent contraction of public and private services, hydrogeological instability, etc.): we are talking of the firm, pigheaded determination of an increasing number of local communities to become sustainable and responsible realities, get involved, and undertake a process of “hot authentication” of their milieu. Since 2013, such resilient attitude is at the heart of the National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI, Strategia Nazionale per le Aree Interne) aimed at promoting coordinated, multi-scalar projects of self-enhancement; in April 2019, the above innovative form of territorial planning was selected by the European Parliament as a model for the 2021–2027 programming period of the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF).This paper reviews the original and creative bottom-up enhancement process being implemented in several towns of the “Monti Dauni” sub-region, a pilot marginal area identified by Apulian regional authorities within the SNAI. In these small towns, local players aim at maximizing the opportunities of sustainable, experiential tourism by offering an uncontaminated environment, ancient knowledge, genuine flavours and deep emotions to all visitors who wish to achieve a deeper knowledge of the territorial identity instead of being mere spectators, by adopting an active and engaged attitude.
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Molini, L., A. Parodi, and F. Siccardi. "Dealing with uncertainty: an analysis of the severe weather events over Italy in 2006." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 9, no. 6 (November 5, 2009): 1775–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-9-1775-2009.
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Abstract. Forecast verification is a long-standing issue of the whole meteorologists' community. A common definition of a truly satisfying prediction skill has not been achieved so far. Even the definition of "event", due to its spatio-temporal discontinuity, is highly affected by uncertainty. Moreover, decision-making demands numerical weather prediction modellers to provide information about the "inner" uncertainty, i.e. the degree of uncertainty related to the choice of a specific setting of the model (microphysics, turbulence scheme, convective closure, etc.). Most European Mediterranean countries, due to dense development, steep coastal orography and short hydrological response time of the drainage basins, have to deal very frequently with flash floods and sudden shallow land sliding impacting on urban areas. Civil protection organizations are in place to issue early warnings in order to allow local authorities and population to take precautionary measures. To do so in Mediterranean catchments, hydrologists are required to use numerical rainfall predictions in place of rainfall observations on large European catchments. Estimating the measure of uncertainty is for this reason crucial. The goal of this work is to propose an objective evaluation of the performance of the currently operational weather prediction model COSMO-I7 over quite a long time period and to check forecast verification at different space-time scales by the comparison of predictions with observations. Due to large investments in the last years, in fact, Italy has built up one of the most dense hourly-reporting network of rain gauges. The network has a mean space density of about 1/100 km2, very similar to the horizontal resolution of currently operating limited area models. An objective procedure to identify and compare the extreme events of precipitation has been applied to the full set of rainfall observations and over the severe events forecast by COSMO-I7 and announced in official warnings by Italian Civil Protection Department. The procedure allows to classify rainfall events as long-lived and spatially distributed or as having a shorter duration and a minor spatial extent. We show that long-lived events are less affected by overall uncertainty than short-lived ones, yet the inner uncertainty of the event affects both.
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Sicignano, Claudia. "The Alfonso Garofalo pasta factory in Gragnano, Naples, Italy: history, technologies and hypotheses of reuse." VITRUVIO - International Journal of Architectural Technology and Sustainability 4, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/vitruvio-ijats.2019.12489.
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<p>About fifteen water mills settled in the Valley of the Mills of Gragnano. Thanks to new technologies, a few centuries later, fifty-seven new pasta factories were built on the Corso Sancio. The building typology was recurrent and constant. Each of them consisted of a ground floor, three floors in elevation and one or two underground levels that were in the rear close to the Vernotico stream. The complex retreated, for logistical and space reasons, from the road curtain, developing over an area of its own, with a large inner courtyard, a sort of real square, for the movement of horse-drawn carts, then trucks and therefore still several artifacts. For his time Alfonso Garofalo was one of the greatest Italian pasta manufacturers. After more than a hundred years the vertical production processes and the work done in many small building entities proved to be expensive with respect to industrial competitiveness. In other parts of Italy some pasta factories already appeared on a single level, with production in horizontal continuity and mechanized drying. In 1963 the historical Pastificio Alfonso Garofalo closed due to bankruptcy and the industrial activity was closed forever. The real problem that remains today is the reuse of these large abandoned container in the historic center. The building complex in the heart of the town, which is part of Industrial Archeology is now in serious disrepair and deserves to be restored and reused.</p>
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Ranuzzini, Marco, and Giovanni Gallo. "Like a stone thrown into a pond – poverty contrast of an emporium of solidarity." International Journal of Social Economics 47, no. 10 (September 2, 2020): 1311–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijse-01-2020-0045.
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PurposeThis paper highlights to what extent an emporium of solidarity may affect poverty conditions of its recipients, and whether it generates net social benefits to different actors involved.Design/methodology/approachTo evaluate the effect of an emporium of solidarity project on poverty conditions of its recipients, we run Probit estimation models. As for the efficiency evaluation, we develop instead a social cost–benefit framework which considers benefits and costs to different actors somehow involved in the program. Results are based on survey data collected by the authors and administrative data.FindingsUsing the emporium attendance length as a measure of the treatment intensity, results underscore that the emporium significantly reduces the monetary poverty only, while it is ineffective on the severe material deprivation. The robustness of our results is confirmed by the implementation of a propensity score matching estimator. Our study suggests that emporia can be efficient in term of resources usage and they can determine positive returns to actors involved, implementing a redistribution of goods toward poor households.Research limitations/implicationsThe paper and its conclusions are based on a case study, thus an Italian emporium called “Portobello” and located in the inner-city area of Modena (Emilia-Romagna region, Italy).Originality/valueThe main novelty of our paper to the literature consists of the elaboration of a first comprehensive framework for the social impact assessment of an emporium of solidarity, regarding both its effects on socio-economic conditions of poor recipient households and its contribution to the local welfare as a whole.
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Basile, Gianpaolo, and Aurora Cavallo. "Rural Identity, Authenticity, and Sustainability in Italian Inner Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 3 (February 10, 2020): 1272. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12031272.
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This paper focuses on the sustainable development conditions in Italian Inner Areas. Italy’s Inner Areas are rural depopulated areas characterized by their distance from the main service centers of education, health, and mobility, according to the classification proposed by the National Strategy for Inner Areas in 2012. The inner and marginal areas are recently getting the interest of the market place and agricultural economics, as well as the attention of the regional and cohesion policies of national governments and the European Union. These places provide an intriguing perspective for a broader reflection on European peripheral areas and their development trajectories. The aim of this contribution is to interpret the determinants of the relationships between rural identity and perceptive components of authenticity, in order to understand the mechanisms by which they are positively reflected in socio-economic and environmental use, influencing in turn, the level of sustainability of territorial development. We found a specific role of the rural identity in the catalyzed phenomena of interaction between citizens/community and visitors/stakeholders, through the authenticity effect, identifying them as the basis of the spontaneous, bottom-up emersion of a symbolic platform, which characterizes the identification of a place brand and of the creation of the perception/destination of the inner territories’ characteristics. Finally, the paper discusses an Italian Inner Areas project promoted by the common engagement of local institutions and social and economic actors.
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Sperati, Simone, Stefano Alessandrini, Will Cheng, Davide Airoldi, Alessandro Amaranto, Riccardo Bonanno, and Matteo Lacavalla. "The new Italian Wind Atlas - Atlante EOLico ItaliANo (AEOLIAN)." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 1073, no. 1 (September 1, 2022): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1073/1/012007.
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Abstract Recent developments in terms of meteorological models and wind generation technologies call for an improved representation of the spatiotemporal variability of the wind conditions, in order to efficiently support strategic planning at the national scale. To do so, we have developed the new Italian Wind Atlas – Atlante EOLico ItaliANo (AEOLIAN), building upon its previous release at the beginning of the century, with the main goal of supporting the operators in planning the future wind generation, in accordance with the ambitious targets set for 2030 by the EU Green Deal (over 20 GW of installed onshore wind power, plus about 3 GW offshore). The new database is the results of a collaboration effort between Ricerca sul Sistema Energetico (RSE) SpA and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR), which jointly developed a novel approach combining Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) based numerical weather modeling with the Analog Ensemble (AnEn) statistical technique. To create the atlas, model simulations have been initially carried out at hourly time-step over the 1990-2019 period with a horizontal resolution of 4 km, nesting a 1.33 km inner grid only for the 2015-2019 period. AnEn is then employed to extend in the past the 5 high-resolution years, creating a 30-year dataset which embeds the whole country, including the marine areas. Compared to similar products currently available, the new Atlas provides higher horizontal resolution and enhanced accuracy, thanks to the assimilation of the observational wind data of the Italian regional weather network in the simulations. Preliminary results are shown here by comparing AEOLIAN with other atlases recently developed at international level such as the New European Wind Atlas (NEWA), and by highlighting the differences with respect to the original Italian Wind Atlas. Some derived parameters of particular interest for the operators are also featured and shown, such as wind power density.
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Urso, Giulia, Marco Modica, and Alessandra Faggian. "Resilience and Sectoral Composition Change of Italian Inner Areas in Response to the Great Recession." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 10, 2019): 2679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092679.
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This paper focuses on the response of Italian inner areas to the Great Recession. Inner areas represent the majority of the Italian territory and are very heterogeneous in terms of (unstable) growth trajectories and industrial composition. One key issue that has partially hindered a thorough empirical analysis of the development paths of these areas so far, is defining these inner areas. To this aim, we adopt the recent classification proposed by the National Strategy for Inner Areas (2014), which identified six categories based on the travel distance from service provision centers. Our purpose is to analyze the potential structural change of inner vs non-inner areas in the face of the 2007–2008 economic crisis, assessing their adaptive capacity to the recessionary disturbance and the factors underlying their industrial composition change. We found that urban poles and inner areas had different abilities to re-adapt their local industrial compositions in response to the economic crisis with obvious effects on their future resilience.
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Falco, Stefano De, and Giulia Fiorentino. "Geographical scattering in Italian inner areas, politics and COVID-19." AIMS Geosciences 8, no. 1 (2022): 137–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/geosci.2022009.
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<abstract> <p>In recent months, the COVID-19 pandemic has been fervently considered from the perspective of various disciplines in the scientific community. Many of the proposed approaches are tied to reflections on the imminent and future effects of the pandemic. This contribution begins with a study of the recent past in Italy, analyzing the hurdles in politics that came to light due to the wave of COVID-19 infections worldwide. Particularly, the research considers the criticality of the geographical scale of reference in Italy's political actions. COVID-19 induced a need for the government to interact with people locally, especially through small municipalities in geographically central, inner areas, is emphasized. The main aim of this research is to attribute to this specific COVID-19 disaster the instrumental role of turning on the lights on the need to intervene in the inner areas of Italy, often very neglected. So the focus of the work is on inner areas and the probable catalysis of the political management dynamics that concern them, as an effect of the COVID's impacts. The pandemic is, therefore, only the contingent phenomenon which, in this case, can perhaps accelerate political interventions in inner areas. To explain the reason for this, we show how the vulnerability of inner areas, already generally risky, has become one of the weak links in the chain of protection from COVID-19 in terms of a geographical scattering phenomenon.</p> </abstract>
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Carrosio, Giovanni. "A place-based perspective for welfare recalibration in the Italian inner peripheries: the case of the Italian strategy for inner areas." SOCIOLOGIA E POLITICHE SOCIALI, no. 3 (November 2016): 50–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/sp2016-003004.
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Oppio, Alessandra. "Migrants and italian inner areas for an anti-fragility strategy [Migranti e aree interne per una strategia anti fragilità]." Valori e Valutazioni 28 (July 2021): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.48264/vvsiev-20212809.
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The paper addresses the issue of migration towards inner areas with respect to the broader framework of the National Strategy for Inland Areas (SNAI). After an introduction on the purpose outlined by the SNAI, the article focuses on the relationship between socio-economic features of the inner areas and migration dynamics, in order to outline some preconditions for the presence of foreigners as active driver for the regeneration of those marginal territories. Thus, a theoretical paradigm has been proposed to address the evaluation process and support the whole policy cycle. Il contributo affronta il tema della migrazione nelle aree interne del paese nel più ampio quadro della Strategia Nazionale delle Aree Interne (SNAI). Dopo un’introduzione sulla traiettoria delineata dalla SNAI, l’articolo si concentra sulla relazione tra caratteri socio-economici delle aree interne e dinamiche migratorie, al fine di delineare alcune condizioni perché la presenza di stranieri eserciti una forza rigenerativa dei territori al margine e di definire un paradigma teorico per orientare la valutazione a supporto dell’intero ciclo delle politiche.
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Mastronardi, Luigi, and Luca Romagnoli. "Community-Based Cooperatives: A New Business Model for the Development of Italian Inner Areas." Sustainability 12, no. 5 (March 8, 2020): 2082. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12052082.
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Italian municipalities distant from main service supply hubs are defined by the Development Ministry as “inner areas”. A new business model, called community-based cooperatives, has recently developed in these areas. The name itself highlights the strong link between these firms and the local population. Their essential features are the pursuit of general interest and the creation of partnerships. This research explores the potential contribution of these enterprises to the growth of Italian inner areas. The data come from a direct survey, and the methodology includes text analysis techniques and correspondence analysis to create useful concept maps that define the paths that community-based cooperatives can take to regenerate their territories. The results highlight the critical issues of inner areas and the needs of their communities, together with the potential fields of business for the establishment of a community-based cooperative. In conclusion, these new firms may lead to real and enduring benefits to local communities. They could also contribute to demographic decline inversion by introducing new practices that reduce inequalities, enhance social, natural, and artificial capital, and boost the sustainable development process.
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Di Curzio, Diego, Alessia Di Giovanni, Raffaele Lidori, Mario Montopoli, and Sergio Rusi. "Comparing Rain Gauge and Weather RaDAR Data in the Estimation of the Pluviometric Inflow from the Apennine Ridge to the Adriatic Coast (Abruzzo Region, Central Italy)." Hydrology 9, no. 12 (December 11, 2022): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology9120225.
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Accurate knowledge of the rain amount is a crucial driver in several hydrometeorological applications. This is especially true in complex orography territories, which are typically impervious, thus, leaving most mountain areas ungauged. Due to their spatial and temporal coverage, weather radars can potentially overcome such an issue. However, weather radar, if not accurately processed, can suffer from several limitations (e.g., beam blocking, altitude of the observation, path attenuation, and indirectness of the measurement) that can hamper the reliability of the rain estimates performed. In this study, a comparison between rain gauge and weather radar retrievals is performed in the target area of the Abruzzo region in Italy, which is characterized by a heterogeneous orography ranging from the seaside to Apennine ridge. Consequently, the Abruzzo region has an inhomogeneous distribution of the rain gauges, with station density decreasing with the altitude reaching approximately 1500 m a.s.l. Notwithstanding, pluviometric inflow spatial distribution shows a subregional dependency as a function of four climatic and altimetric factors: coastal, hilly, mountain, and inner plain areas (i.e., Marsica). Such areas are used in this analysis to characterize the radar retrieval vs. rain gauge amounts in each of those zones. Compared to previous studies on the topic, the analysis presented the importance of an accurate selection of the climatic and altimetric subregional areas where the radar vs. rain gauge comparison is undertaken. This aspect is not only of great importance to correct biases in radar retrieval in a more selective way, but it also paves the way for more accurate hydrometeorological applications (e.g., hydrological model initialization and quantification of aquifer recharge), which, in general, require the accurate knowledge of rain amounts upstream of a basin. To fill the gap caused by the uneven rain gauge distribution, ordinary Kriging (OK) was applied on a regional scale to obtain 2D maps of rainfall data, which were cumulated on a monthly and yearly basis. Weather radar data from the Italian mosaic were also considered, in terms of rain rate retrievals and cumulations performed on the same time frame used for rain gauges. The period considered for the analysis was two continuous years: 2017 and 2018. The output of the elaborations included raster maps for both radar and interpolated rain gauges, where each pixel contained a rainfall quantity. Although the results showed a general underestimation of the weather radar data, especially in mountain and Marsica areas, they were within the 95% confidence interval of the OK estimation. Our analysis highlighted that the average bias between radar and rain gauges, in terms of precipitation amounts, was a function of altitude and was almost constant in each of the selected areas. This achievement suggests that after a proper selection of homogeneous target areas, radar retrieval can be corrected using the denser network of rain gauges typically distributed at lower altitudes, and such correction can be extended at higher altitudes without loss of generality.
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Marucci, Alessandro, Lorena Fiorini, Chiara Di Dato, and Francesco Zullo. "Marginality Assessment: Computational Applications on Italian Municipalities." Sustainability 12, no. 8 (April 16, 2020): 3250. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12083250.
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Inner areas are the most peripheral Italian municipalities and they are characterized by clear loss of both public and private services. They represent one of the relevant elements in national and regional planning policy and the Italian government has made available a fund (€ 100 million) for small municipalities up to 5000 inhabitants (Law n. 158/2017). These areas have gradually seen an evident process of marginalisation, which is difficult to evaluate because it is the result of several factors. This work describes an applied methodology for this marginality assessment on the Italian inner areas, which was developed through the quantification of eight criteria selected from Law n. 158/2017. The analysis carried out two different simulations for elaborating and mapping territorial disadvantages, with the use of GIS software and MATLAB. The analysis highlights an evident clustering in specific geographic areas. Moreover, this result confirms that there is a significant chaining of some typical issues of the small municipalities. This research represents a first analytical approach to evaluating the intervention priorities of regulatory instruments and national strategies and it is proposed as an innovative approach that introduces a profound change of attitude moving from an equality-based model to an equity-based model.
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Urso, Giulia. "Polycentric Development Policies: A Reflection on the Italian “National Strategy for Inner Areas”." Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences 223 (June 2016): 456–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.05.275.
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Baldi, Brunetta. "The National Strategy for Inner Areas: Innovation, Policy Transfer and Post-Earthquake Reconstruction." World Political Science 15, no. 2 (October 25, 2019): 149–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/wps-2019-0007.
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AbstractThis article analyses the Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (NSIA) as a new policy for local development only partially linked to the European cohesion policy. It focuses on its innovative contents (vision, governance and methodology), and mainly on the transfer of innovation to lower levels of government and between local administrations. As an empirical study of policy transfer and policy innovation in a system of multilevel governance it shows an unexpected transfer of the NSIA methodology to another policy field: that of post-earthquake reconstruction in Central Italy. The article concludes by applying the typology of policy transfer developed in its first part to the analysis of the case-study as a whole.
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Mastronardi, Luigi, Maria Giagnacovo, and Luca Romagnoli. "Bridging regional gaps: Community-based cooperatives as a tool for Italian inner areas resilience." Land Use Policy 99 (December 2020): 104979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2020.104979.
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Rossitti, Marco, Marta Dell’Ovo, Alessandra Oppio, and Francesca Torrieri. "The Italian National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI): A Critical Analysis of the Indicator Grid." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 19, 2021): 6927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126927.
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The National Strategy for Inner Areas (SNAI) is a public policy designed to tackle depopulation in inner areas, defined according to the distance from centers offering essential services. Such a policy’s success is crucial to address the new challenges for planning brought to light by the COVID-19 pandemic. In this sense, there is a need to adequately support its implementation by providing handy decision support tools, understanding the power balances among municipalities, and defining proper interventions. The Indicator Grid, already used by the SNAI for project areas selection, can answer this need. However, the Grid’s application to support public policy at the municipality level requires reviewing some of its features, such as the indicators’ large number and the impossibility of defining some of them at the municipal scale. Based on these premises, this paper aims at supporting inner areas policies by carrying out a critical analysis of the current SNAI Grid, aimed at improving its effectiveness. It relies on a hybrid methodology that merges qualitative data interpretations and statistical analyses. Thanks to this method, defining a parsimonious Grid by leaving its complexity and information level untouched is possible. The so-defined set of indicators can represent a valuable reference tool in pinpointing priorities for actions or selecting further territorial scopes from the SNAI perspective, even if it still brings some criticalities to be faced.
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Loughlin, James. "Northern Ireland and British fascism in the inter-war years." Irish Historical Studies 29, no. 116 (November 1995): 537–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002112140001227x.
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During the civil rights campaign of the late 1960s the perception of the Stormont government as fascist was widespread among nationalists—a perception expressed in Nazi salutes and the chant ‘S.S.—R.U.C.’ when confronting the police. The historical reference this perception embodied, however, was less than comprehensive. In particular, it obscured the attraction that fascism and movements inspired by fascism had for many people in Britain and Ireland in the inter-war years; and while fascism did not give rise to a movement of major importance in Northern Ireland, it nevertheless had a more significant presence there than has sometimes been thought. For instance, Robert Fisk's view that the only fascists in the north were Italian émigrés, grouped in Belfast and Derry, is inaccurate. In fact at various times in this period there existed branches of the British Fascists (B.F.), representatives of Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists (B.U.F.), together with a brief but significant initiative on Northern Ireland by the leader of the Blueshirt movement in the Irish Free State, General Eoin O'Duffy. Unlike the local representatives of Italian fascism, who confined their activities chiefly to greeting visiting Italian dignitaries and maintaining links with the homeland, these groups were very much concerned with domestic politics. Fascism in Northern Ireland, however, has other claims to attention than those occasioned by their activities alone, for it also serves to illuminate the neglected area of B.U.F. attitudes to Ireland in general.
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Menconi, Maria Elena, Stefano dell'Anna, Angelo Scarlato, and David Grohmann. "Energy sovereignty in Italian inner areas: Off-grid renewable solutions for isolated systems and rural buildings." Renewable Energy 93 (August 2016): 14–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.02.034.
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Fattorini, Simone. "Odonate Diversity Patterns in Italy Disclose Intricate Colonization Pathways." Biology 11, no. 6 (June 8, 2022): 886. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biology11060886.
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As a natural bridge between Europe and Africa, Italy occupies a prominent position to understand the biogeography of Europe. The influence of climatic, spatial, and historical factors on current patterns of species richness and turnover (i.e., inter-regional biogeographical differences) has been analyzed for 88 species occurring in 17 Italian natural regions. Use of multimodel inference showed that odonate richness decreased southwards in response to decreasing rainfall, as expected for animals that depend on freshwater for their development. Use of Mantel tests indicated that patterns of inter-regional similarities were influenced by both climate and geographical distances. These patterns, as highlighted using Non-Metric Multidimensional Scaling, indicate a role for historical factors. Biogeographical similarities between Italian regions and adjacent areas revealed multiple colonization pathways. These results, coupled with the overall southward decrease in species richness, suggest that, after serving as a Pleistocene refuge from which odonates may have colonized medio-European areas, Italy was in turn subject to colonization from north to south. This resulted in Italian odonate fauna being less species rich compared to faunas in the medio-European territories, but also being biogeographically very complex.
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Fabbricatti, Katia, Adelina Picone, Vincenzo Tenore, Fabrizio Ascione, Gilda Berruti, Enrico Formato, Cristina Mattiucci, and Alessandro Sgobbo. "Quality of housing for inner areas between specialised supply, proximity welfare and production of new economies." TECHNE - Journal of Technology for Architecture and Environment, no. 24 (July 26, 2022): 187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/techne-12875.
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This paper focuses on the issue of housing in inner areas, presenting a project of the candidacy of the Campania region for the PINQuA national funding programme, which was launched by the Italian Ministry of Infrastructure and Transport in 2020. The project is based on the hypothesis that it is possible to reverse the demographic trend in marginalised areas – characterised by a declining population, a high old-age index, a lack of basic services and, at the same time, a high potential for innovation – with building renovation and differentiated housing offers with high standards of quality and services. Through a systemic and place-based approach, the research uses pilot cases to experiment on themes linked to new housing demands, digital and green innovation, proximity welfare and social cohesion through a multi-actor and multi-level process.
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Romano, Bernardino, Francesco Zullo, Lorena Fiorini, and Cristina Montaldi. "Micromunicipality (MM) and Inner Areas in Italy: A Challenge for National Land Policy." Sustainability 14, no. 22 (November 16, 2022): 15169. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142215169.
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The following paper examines urban and territorial planning in Italy, where decision-making is entrusted almost exclusively to the almost 8000 small municipalities present in the country. Plans for and the transformation of built-up areas, infrastructure and social services of all types, and serving all purposes in a national territory of more than 300,000 square kilometers, are controlled by a multitude of Mayors, Boards and Municipal Councils that govern plots of land consisting of polygons of a few kilometers per side. This is generally achieved using urban planning tools developed without any general rule or protocol. Often, most of their content is even ignored as a result of national legislation that weakens them, making them largely irrelevant. This is a European example of urban mismanagement that should be brought to the wider attention of the European technical–scientific community because the debate developed so far on this topic—even by eminent and authoritative urban planners—has been almost entirely published in Italian only. Public and political attention around the issue is still extremely limited, although the serious effects of this “molecular planning” are beginning to be perceived: unjustified overurbanization and very disorganized, extremely energy-intensive and ecosystemically destructive urban layouts that are completely at odds with the public interests of environmental and urban quality. In the following paper, we make some comparisons with other European countries and outline some possible directions—certainly very difficult to follow—to rethink and remedy these negative effects.
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Agnese, C., G. Baiamonte, C. Cammalleri, D. Cat Berro, S. Ferraris, and L. Mercalli. "Statistical analysis of inter-arrival times of rainfall events for Italian Sub-Alpine and Mediterranean areas." Advances in Science and Research 8, no. 1 (September 17, 2012): 171–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/asr-8-171-2012.
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Abstract. In this work a set of time-series of inter-arrival times of rainfall events, at daily scale, was analysed, with the aim to verify the issue of increasing duration of dry periods. The set consists of 12 time-series recorded at rain gauges in 1926–2005, six of them belong to an Italian Sub-Alpine area (Piedmont) and six to a Mediterranean one (Sicily). In order to overcome the problem related to limited sample size for high values of inter-arrival times, the discrete probability polylog-series distribution was used to fit the empirical data from partial (20 yr) time-series. Moreover, a simple qualitative trend analysis was applied to some high quantiles of inter-arrival times as well as to the average extent of rain clusters. The preliminary analysis seems to confirm the issue of increasing duration of dry periods for both environments, which is limited to the ''cold'' season.
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Bassi, Ivana, Susanna Zaccarin, and Domenico De Stefano. "Rural inter-firm networks as basis for multifunctional local system development: Evidence from an Italian alpine area." Land Use Policy 38 (May 2014): 70–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2013.10.021.
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Mastronardi, Luigi, Agostino Giannelli, and Luca Romagnoli. "Detecting the land use of ancient transhumance routes (Tratturi) and their potential for Italian inner areas’ growth." Land Use Policy 109 (October 2021): 105695. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.landusepol.2021.105695.
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Giacomini, Davide, Alessandro Sancino, and Anna Simonetto. "The introduction of mandatory inter-municipal cooperation in small municipalities." International Journal of Public Sector Management 31, no. 3 (April 9, 2018): 331–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijpsm-03-2017-0071.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to study the effects of mandatory inter-municipal cooperation (IMC) in small Italian municipalities. Data from 280 small Italian municipalities on the effects of IMC in terms of higher efficiency, better effectiveness of local public services, and greater institutional legitimacy of the small municipalities participating in IMC have been investigated against four variables: size, geographical area, type of inter-municipal integration, and IMC membership (the presence in the IMC of a bigger municipality, the so-called big brother). Design/methodology/approach Data were gathered from a mail survey that was sent to a random sample of 1,360 chief financial officers acting in municipalities of under 5,000 inhabitants, stratified by size (0-1,000 and 1,001-5,000) and geographic area (North, Center, and South) criteria. To analyze the dependency relationships between the three potential effects of participating in IMC and possible explanatory variables, the authors used a logistic regression model as the benefits were binarily categorized (presence or absence of benefits). Findings The findings show that in more than two-thirds of the municipalities participating in IMC, there were benefits in terms of costs reduction and better public services, whereas greater institutional legitimacy was detected in about half of the cases. The statistical analysis with logistic regression highlighted that IMC type is particularly critical for explaining successful IMC. In particular, the positive effects of IMC were mainly detected in those small municipalities that promoted a service delivery organization rather than participating in service delivery agreements or opting for mixed arrangements of joint public services delivery. Originality/value The paper focuses on small municipalities where studies are usually scant. The analysis highlighted that the organizational setting is particularly critical for explaining a successful IMC.
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Nante, Nicola, Giovanni Guarducci, Carlotta Lorenzini, Gabriele Messina, Flavia Carle, Simona Carbone, and Andrea Urbani. "Inter-Regional Hospital Patients’ Mobility in Italy." Healthcare 9, no. 9 (September 8, 2021): 1182. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9091182.
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Background: The federalization of the Italian National Health Service (NHS) gave administrative, financial, and managerial independence to regions. They are in reciprocal competition according to the “quasi-market” model. A network of independent providers replaced the state monopoly. The NHS, based on the Beveridge model in which citizens are free to choose their place of treatment, was consolidated. The aim of our research was to analyze the fulfillment of need for hospital services on site and patients’ migration to hospitals of other regions. Material and Methods: We analyzed data from 2013 to 2017 of Hospital Discharge Cards (HDCs) provided by the Ministry of Health. The subjects of the analysis (catchment areas) were the hospital networks of every Italian region. The study of flows was developed through Internal Demand Satisfaction, Attraction, Escape, Attraction, Absorption, and Escape Production indexes. Graphic representations were produced using Gandy’s Nomogram and Qgis software. Results: In the studied period, the mean number of mobility admission was 678.659 ± 3.388, with an increase of 0.90%; in particular, the trend for ordinary regime increased 1.17%. Regions of central/northern Italy have attracted more than 60% of the escapes of the southern ones. Gandy’s Nomogram showed that only nine regions had optimal public hospital planning (Lombardy, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Veneto, Friuli V.G., Emilia-Romagna, Tuscany, Umbria, Latium and Molise). Conclusion: The central/northern regions appear more able to meet the care needs of their citizens and to attract patients than the southern ones.
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Andreykina, M. S., and D. L. Morozova. "Italian cultural policy: conclusions for Russia." UPRAVLENIE / MANAGEMENT (Russia) 9, no. 4 (January 4, 2022): 5–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.26425/2309-3633-2021-9-4-5-29.
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The article analyses current public management and funding practices of cultural organisations in Italy by using comparative and statistical analysis. The structure of the sector’s governing bodies and approaches to budgeting for culture at national level have been explored. Trends in decreasing funding from provincial, regional and local budgets have been identified. The status, legislative and institutional conditions for the emergence of Italy’s unique multichannel cultural financing system have been described. An analysis of the Italian museum system’s reform has been presented. The activities of private opera foundations have been discussed in detail. The main similarities between Russian and Italian cultural policies have been described. These are the drive to expand the boundaries and activities associated with the cultural sector, the significant burden on local and regional authorities in the field of cultural heritage preservation, the “quantitative approach” and the application of financial performance indicators to assess cultural organisations performance.The article’s scientific novelty lies in the complex approach to the study of Italian cultural policy using the criteria proposed by D. Montias and A. I. Glagolev, and in the study of the activities of Italian opera foundations and museums, which had not previously been sufficiently covered in the Russian and foreign literature. The prospect of the topic, the practical significance and relevance of the research are due to the need to implement regulations in Russia which set a course for the creation of a multi-channel system of funding and a broad understanding of the cultural sector, and ensuring inter-agency and inter-regional cooperation between the authorities in the implementation of cultural policy.The article analyses a wide range of financial support mechanisms for culture, most of which are named in the “Strategy of State Cultural Policy of Russia as Targets by 2030”, while Italy has accumulated considerable experience in this area for several decades.
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Duglio, Bonadonna, Letey, Peira, Zavattaro, and Lombardi. "Tourism Development in Inner Mountain Areas—The Local Stakeholders’ Point of View through a Mixed Method Approach." Sustainability 11, no. 21 (October 28, 2019): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11215997.
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Tourism in inner areas, especially in the mountains, is a complex phenomenon due to the different tourist’s needs and to the specific local features that vary considerably from one destination to another. Consequently, a unique tourism development strategy cannot be defined and adopted anywhere. When considering tourism-based territorial development in mountain areas, it is crucial to take the vision of local stakeholders into consideration. To drive different and/or unexpressed opinions towards shared tools, this study analyses the local stakeholder’s point of view using a mixed method consisting of a Delphi method followed by a Group Nominal Technique. The research was performed in Soana Valley, a small mountain community in the Northwestern Italian Alps. It involved 17 local stakeholders divided into three main groups—local administrators (n = 3), hospitality operators (9) and retailers (5). Results show how operators converge on three common aspects—local food product offering, territorial promotion and collaboration among operators, on which the community should focus to build a territorial integrated tourism offering.
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Battaglia, Massimo, Nora Annesi, Ilenia Pierantoni, and Massimo Sargolini. "Future perspectives of sustainable development: An innovative planning approach to inner areas. Experience of an Italian alpine region." Futures 114 (December 2019): 102468. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.futures.2019.102468.
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Zolin, M. Bruna, Paola Ferretti, and Mirco Grandi. "Sustainability in Peripheral and Ultra-Peripheral Rural Areas through a Multi-Attribute Analysis: The Case of the Italian Insular Region." Sustainability 12, no. 22 (November 11, 2020): 9380. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12229380.
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Italy has adopted the strategy of inner areas, mainly based on physical distance from public services. The strategy promotes a multi-level and multi-fund governance approach and the local partnership of mayors. Our paper focuses on rural areas, identified by the national strategy of inner areas, as peripheral and ultra-peripheral, in the Italian insular region (Sicily and Sardinia). It analyzes, at the municipality level, socio-demographic, economic, and environmental sustainability using appropriate indicators. Aiming at discovering the underlying relationship portrayed by multi-attribute data in an information system, we applied rough set theory. The inductive decision rules obtained through this data mining methodology reveal the simultaneous presence or absence of important characteristics aiming at reaching different levels of sustainability. Without the requirement of statistical assumptions regarding data distribution or structures for collecting data, such as functions or equations, this method ensures the description of patterns exhibited by data. Of particular interest is the assessment of conditional attributes (i.e., the selected indicators), and the information connecting them to sustainability, as a decision attribute. The most important result is rule generation, specifically, decision rules that are able to suggest tools for policy makers at different levels.