Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Italian civilisation'
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Naccarella, Pierpaolo. "La « seconde génération » de l'élite dirigeante du Parti communiste italien : entre fascisme, antifascisme et communisme." Thesis, Paris 10, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA100189.
The members of the ''second generation'' of the ruling elite of the Italian Communist Party (ICP) come together under fascism. During the 1930s they are young intellectuals who belong to ''left-wing fascism''. From the middle of this decade they start to move away from fascism. They will later join the ICP.Between 1944 and 2006 twenty of them publish ''personal texts'' (personal and autobiographical works), in which they explain their political itinerary. In them they claim to be coherent: the main reasons for which they followed fascism are the reasons for their commitment to the ICP.They also write that their support for the Mussolini regime was the result of the fact that they were deceived under fascism which gave them a false impression of itself. The young intellectuals did not adhere to the ''real'' fascism, but a false representation of it. Consequently they had always been antifascists while believing themselves to be fascists.The content of these publications is influenced by the leader of the ICP, Palmiro Togliatti, who uses the ''personal texts'' dating from the 1940s to attract young ex-fascists whom his party needs to form a new ruling class and to win the battle for the conquest of power.These ''personal texts" in turn influence several historians and Italian opinion which, for a long time, accepted their theses without calling them into question, and based their way of representing and describing the political and cultural commitment shown by young intellectuals under fascism on them
Grenzi, Chiara. "L'image de la langue et de la civilisation françaises au sein de l'éducation nationale italienne : les représentations des acteurs du FLE des établissements scolaires de Modène." Thesis, Montpellier 3, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON30061/document.
Title: The image of French language and culture in Italian school. Representations of teachers and students (survey in Modena).Summary: Several studies have long shown the influence that the representation of a language, of a country, and of its people can have on those who are studying that language in terms of their attitude towards it, their motivation, their willingness to enter a different state of mind and language. This dissertation, which will trace the meaning and features of the concept of representation, originates from a deep need to provide an answer to a firsthand experience as a teacher of French as a foreign language in the secondary school: during the three years spent working in schools of different types, I started to wonder why most of the students I met knew the language very poorly and, most of all, knew hardly anything about the country whose language they were studying. Is this a common problem amongst students of FFL? Why do they seem to have the same lack of knowledge as their peers who are not studying French? In the present work I will first describe the history of the Italian system, and the events that characterized FFL teaching in the past. A broad section will focus on how foreign language teaching became a discipline. This investigation will concern students and teachers from the Province of Modena, Northern Italy, and it will include schools of very different types and backgrounds. What are the students' and teachers' representations in a territory like Northern Italy? A territory as thoroughly influenced by France as to have a dialect very much like the French language? What is the scenario, when French language teaching is about? Which are its strength and weaknesses? To answer these questions I asked 896 students 36 teachers to fill in a questionnaire composed of yes - no, open-ended, and multiple choice questions, free association games, suggested drawings, picture recognition activities and description of personal opinions and experiences. The analysis of these results will help me go deeper into these topics, answer some questions and humbly suggest some possible solutions.Keywords: sociolinguistic representations - stereotypes - motivation - languages attitudes - teaching - French as a foreign language - secondary school - teachers - student
Vittorini, Valerio. "L'image du monde arabe dans la littérature française et italienne du XIXe siècle : analogies, différences, possibles influences." Thesis, Nice, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015NICE2013/document.
The conception of the Arab society, still so predominant with the public opinion, even with the most cultured one, be it Italian French or in winder terms European, originates from stereotype. The reactions to the latest "Arab springs" are a clear evidence. The belief arose in the XIX century and not in more ancient times as most people believe and think. Before that time, stating from the Middle Age, both Italian and somehow French literary production gave diverse pictures of the Arab society, which are very different from the current ones. Up to the XIX century this conception was not drastic and the Arab word was considered to be a legitimate and usual part of the Mediterranean civilization you could have strong conflicts with, but at the same time also business, political, economic and cultural relations. In the XIX century this belief totally changes and the Arab world seems to be an uncivilized society whose only opportunity is the European colonization. This opinion was born in France and Italy when the imperialist politics started and it finished in the second half of the century, after the union of Italy
Balsamo, Jean. "L'Italie françoise : italianisme et anti-italianisme en France à la fin du XVIe siècle." Paris 4, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA040107.
Late sixteenth century french culture is based on connected parts of italianism and anti-italianism. The last Valois' court doesn't hesitate to use innumerable possibilities offered by modern Italy and to define itself by systematically depreciating such a rival. .
Ardiccioni, Renzo. "Culture cybernétique en Italie : histoire et perspectives." Rennes 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000REN20048.
Our research on cyberculture in Italy, from former future up to next future, is a travel all around this country and its development, its changes, and challenges. Starting from the concept of communication-space, our study is also and introduction to contemporary Italy -its new way of life and its new culture- following the advent of the new media. The explosion of techno-communication in Italy is an event without precedent, that upsets the cultural traditions of this country still marked by the rhetoric and a restricted dialectic kind of strapaese-stracittà. Nevertheless, we could even find in that modern country -now open to several messages while moving to new unknown physical and mental frontiers- many former strong local references. We found some of these in the Futurist movement, to which we devoted a large part of our research. We went throughout Futurism to find some important landmarks, which allowed the techno-communication change as well as the evolution in the perception of the Italian identity
Ernst, Paul. "Recherches sur les pratiques culturelles des Italiens à Délos aux IIe et Ier siècles avant notre ère." Thesis, Paris 8, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA080050.
The 2nd and 1st centuries BC were marked by Roman interventions and conquests in the Aegean Greece, and by the decision of the Roman Senate, in 167, to place Delos under the control of Athens and to make it a port exempt from customs tax. As a result, individuals who came from the Italian peninsula were more and more numerous to settle or reside temporarily on the island which became highly cosmopolitan and played a part as an economic bridge between Italy and the eastern Mediterranean.Based on a wide range of varied documents which are mainly epigraphic and archaeological, the study deals with three themes : the places of residence and the domestic daily life of Italians, their family circle and their clients, their participation in the gymnasium activities and in competitions organized on the island, and their religious practices. This dissertation tries to interpret the causes, the nature and the significance of each of these practices. It also analyses their social, economic and/or political dimensions in order to better understand the complexity of the advanced hellenization of those Italians who sometimes distinguished themselves by using Roman customs.The study concludes with a larger perspective in order to determine what makes Delos both a representative example of the Italians’ cultural practices in the Aegean Greece, and a special case. Ultimately, the distinctive feature of cultural life in Delos seems to have been the wide range of integration patterns in which Italians fully took part. This phenomenon took place in the context of a balance of power that was favourable to Rome and to all those who identified with this city
Chiarini, Silvia. "Anthropologie d'une construction identitaire et territoriale : le cas des Vallées occitanes d'Italie." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM3066.
The purpose of this work is to understand the emergence and affirmation of the Italian Occitan Valleys territory and the identity construction process that underlies it. Starting from a “proto-history” of the oc claim to a present ethnography, this research considers the claimed and / or visible representations of culture, identity and territory, and therefore the speeches and the practices of “identity entrepreneurs” that are primarily the occitanists. The demarcation of ethno-linguistic border, the creation and diffusion of symbols, the construction of a musical-choreographic heritage, as well as an Occitan architecture and an “imagined Occitan” language, are some of the processes implemented by the occitanists to this end. The institutionalization of the claim in the 1990s, which resulted in the enactment of a national law officially recognizing the “Occitan minority” (1999), also involved to lead the analysis of social and political uses of “heritage fund” developed by activists outside the protest groups. This last one has been therefore dedicated to territory development with a double identity and economic concern, through the implementation of a cultural and linguistic institutional policy, the creation of economic activities and labels with Occitan patterning, and the launching for tourism of a territory devoid of substantial elements of attractiveness and differentiation
Aubert, Natacha. "Usage et réception du thème de l'antiquité dans le cinéma muet italien (1905-1930)." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030022.
Based on 157 Italian silent films presenting antiquity, this project is bipartite. Part one studies the films as a series of documents. A quantitative study yields an understanding of the statistical evolution of the use of the theme of antiquity between 1900 and 1930, first in Italian cinematography, then in the international context and finally in relation to other historic periods. Reception of films on the subject of antiquity, considered the spearhead of national film production, is studied through film reviews. The second part offers a qualitative approach. Through the analysis of several films, it is apparent that the adaptation of antiquity is never innocent and is always linked to the preoccupations of the present. Beyond entertainment and exoticism, there is always the facet of ideological discourse internal to Italy or vis-à-vis foreign countries
Kirchner, Daniela. "Le mythe populaire de l'Amérique dans l'Italie de l'entre-deux-guerres à l'après-guerre : littérature, chanson, cinéma." Paris 10, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA100021.
The Italian myth of America permeates all the classes of Italian society and fascinates intellectuals and peasants alike. This thesis deliberately focuses on the popular myth of America and not on the intellectual one. It studies that dream which motivated many peasants to emigrate all the way from southern Italy to America. That same dream grew in the minds of those people who did not make it and were left behind to feed on it. A variety of real experiences, impressions and dreams are reflected through different media such as literature, popular songs, cinema, America jazz and italo-american jargon. These constitute an image, which is often ambiguous and contradictory. Dominated by the undeniable reality of emigration and by the hope of the emigrant for a better world, the popular Italian image of America reveals itself real and idealized, concrete and fantastic, bitter and sweet. The study in depth of this particular myth and its cultural reality helps us also to understand the existence and possible effects of similar myths which are present in other countries and other cultures
D'Ercole, Maria Cecilia. "Importuosa Italiae litora : la côte Adriatique entre le Biferno et l'Ofanto : le paysage et les échanges à l'époque archai͏̈que." Paris 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA010746.
This thesis studies commercial and cultural relationships between the native people of south italy's adriatic coast in the archaic period. The dissertation is divided in three sections. The first, relates to the historical and archaeological researches on this subject (chapter one). The second, concerns the reconstruction of the ancient coastal landscape ( chapter two) and the topography of the ancient coastal settlements ( chapter three ). The third, examines to the commercial relationships and the circulation of goods in this adriatic district, mostly ambers (chapter four), metals (chapter five), imported vessels (chapter six), exported vessels (chapter seven), some perishable goods, like corn and salt (chapter eight). Chapter nine examines the ship models represented in local sculptures. The concluding chapter analyses the nature of exchanges, the distribution of commercial networks, and the social effects of trade relationship
Muller, Raphaël. "Le livre français en Italie de 1880 à 1920 : entre circulation informelle, présence culturelle et conquête d'un nouveau lectorat." Paris 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA010703.
Martelli, Isabelle. "Egée et Italie méridionale dans la deuxième moitié du second millénaire av. J. -Chr. : l'archélogie d'un mythe à travers la mémoire d'anciennes écritures." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040038.
Summing the archaeological achievement of these last twenty years seems necessary as field-work data are in constant evolution in Southern Italy. Potsherds founded in Monte Grande site (Agrigento) could be the «realia» of Aegean maritime trade. This documentation seems to support the «legendary» Cretan talassocracy. The Portella prehistoric village, in Salina (Eolian island), is complementary to this exchanges framework. The Egeo-Cypriot pithoi pot-sherds are part of the traffic towards the West. Monte Grande and Eolian archipelago en-graved potsherds could illustrate through Aegean cultural «signs» the historical substratum of these legends. We shall side with those who think that the historical element creates the myth and not the opposite. In Briatico (Vibo Valentia), a Minoan type seal discovery, would attest as well, the precocity of links between Calabrian emergent groups and Aegean world. In At-tica and Eubea, the presence of Protogeometric and Geometric bell-shaped figurines with spindle whorls leads us to believe in the existence of a divinity dedicated to weaving (Beotian bell-shaped figurine) and to maintain the M. Maaskant Kleibrink hypothesis of a House of Weaving and a weaving divinity in Francavilla Marittima in the late VIIIth century B. C. We found possible traces of this worship in Mycenaean and Minoan periods. Weaver weights of Francavilla Marittima with their labyrinths testify the complexity of these cultural exchanges. The Bérard observation which principal legendary centres (Lagaria), most of them obscure lo-calities that were not directly colonized may have today a historical base if we consider the sanctuary of Athena in Francavilla Marittima (not far from the Greek Sybaris)
Prigent, Vivien. "La Sicile byzantine (VIe-Xe siècle)." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040059.
Conquered in 535, Sicily remained under Byzantine dominion for four centuries. The dominance of Constantinople is thus the longest that the island had ever known. Nevertheless, this period is the most obscure in the history of the Sicily. Despite the relative paucity of the documentary sources available, the evolution of the province can be reconstructed by using a variety of new data (ceramic, sigillographic, numismatic) in order to shed new light on some of more traditional historical sources. The latter includes Greek, Latin and Arab chronicles, laws, hagiographies, civil and ecclesiastic administratives treatises and pontifical letters. The study focuses in particular on the privileged socio-economic and administrative links which helped assure the fidelity of the island to the governing power of Contantinople and which contributed to determining the importance of Sicily within the empire during the 7th and 8th centuries, wich were essentially times of crisis. The overturning of this dominant position, together with the global political and economic evolutions of the Mediterranean during 9th and 10th centuries, determines in large part the result of the Arab conflict wich effectively puts an end to the imperial domination, Constantinople opting for a realignment of its frontiers along the Adriatic coast
Beynet, Michel. "L'image de l'Amérique dans la culture italienne de l'entre-deux-guerres." Grenoble 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989GRE39025.
This piece of research aims at defining what America (USA) meant for Italian culture between world war one and world war two, namely, what the way America was interpreted by the Italian indirectly revealed about their culture. It makes an analysis by themes of what the Italian have written about America, its films and its literature, and of the interpretations of America which can be found in Italian literature. Fascism has had only little effect on this image, whereas the presence in America of many ill-integrated Italian immigrants has probably increased misunderstanding of America in Italy; the Italian saw America through its cities - particularly New York and its center Manhattan - but they hardly perceived at all its industrial, democratic and protestant aspects. A symbol of the importance of catholicism and of family in Italian culture, and of the fascination exerted by Hollywood in Italy, the free American woman occupies a place in the Italian image of America. The popularity of American film and of Jack London in Italy means that the Italian were fascinated by an adventurous America, whereas Italian literature is confirmation of the role played by American woman and Italian emigration in the Italian image of America
Mottais, Noël. "Les acteurs fascistes du dialogue Indo-Italien : l'exemple de Giuseppe Tucci (1922-1944)." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0332/document.
Hardly known today in France except among Orientalist circles, Giuseppe Tucci is in Italy associated with the Orient. He still appears as a mediator between East and West. Indeed, as an actor of Italian Foreign Policy in India, he organized travels to Italy for leading nationalists Rabindranath Tagore and Mahatma Gandhi, in propagandist action in favor of Fascist Italy. Was he really a supporter of the Regime ? Was he only motivated by opportunistic reasons ? As a matter of fact, Indian Orientalism has been linked to racial theories that display complex links with Nazi and Fascist Anti-Semitism. An historical approach of Giuseppe Tucci’s life does not only deal with political actions for the regime, it implies to some extent an analysis of writings linked to “Race” as a topic of investigation. The Quest for the Origin was to be seen in his travels and in his scholarly approach of the East which shows his interest for old languages such as Hebrew and Sanskrit. Was he in favor of Race Theories seeking in linguistics, arguments opposing “Aryans" against "Semitic" people ? Did he share any common points with esoteric philosopher Julius Evola (1898-1974) ?
Tran, Nicolas. "Les collegiati dans la société de l'Occident romain (Italie, Gaules, Germanies) : le rang social des membres d'associations sous le Haut-Empire." Paris 4, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA040286.
From the first century A. D. To the middle of the third one, in the Roman West, social status was often determined by membership in a professional, cultual or funerary collegium. This dissertation investigates both statutes of members of private collegia within their communities, and within their society's hierarchical system. It shows that belonging to professional collegia created a sentiment of respectability, and that it allowed some of its members to gain much social prestige. Collegia's role in civic life largely explains why it gave such an opportunity to gain respectability and prestige. Indeed, a certain rank in the city was associated with membership in a collegium. But for collegiati, the collegia was just one among many other entities in which they participated, so that individuals' participation in it did not fully determined the social position they could access : this last one was most surely determined by individuals' social networks and multiple collective identities. Therefore, although being a collegiatus was a sign of distinction, the social existence of such members cannot be reduced to this characterization : belonging to a collegia opened access to a special status, but members of collegia could be of very different social backgrounds. Moreover, collegiati's social rank was not an objective fact : it was the focus of a body of discourses, with omissions and exaggerations, that gathered some aspects of social reality altogether with metaphors and fantasies. Collegiati's self-presentation are often narratives of social success : their social backgrounds and identities are mobile, but in very different ways
Soltane-Castellana, Sandrine. "Le débat sur l'astrologie et la magie et ses reflets dans la littérature italienne du 14e au 16e siècle." Tours, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007TOUR2004.
The analysis of the evolution of rituals and magical and astrological practices highlights the role of Christianity in the substitution of pagan cults, of magic and the art of divination by its own magic that bring out the idea that all of the marvels of nature are a gift from God. Nature and the Universe are perceived as being magical and sacred values, similar to consistent organic collections according to degrees of perfection. From Dante to Ariosto, the literary contributions subdue the questions in a more functional way and bring about questions, on the purpose of the stars and their movements, in a purely scientific manner, without entangling into it astrological assumptions with a divinatory goal. The Frenzy of Orlando, with its constant references to religion (better said to “religions”) and to magic, highlights the problem of the metaphysics of knowledge, because it is the link between man and the Universe that we find at the heart of The Frenzy of Orlando
Fauvinet-Ranson, Valérie. "Les cités d'Italie dans le premier tiers du VIe siècle : patrimoine monumental romain et spectacles d'après les Variae de Cassiodore." Paris 10, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA100164.
Costanzi, Michela. "La colonisation de deuxième degré en Italie du Sud et en Sicile." Paris 4, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA040175.
The foundation of colonies by ancient Greek colonies is presently known as "sub-colonisation". The analysis of the terminology used by ancient authors led me to the conclusion that "secondary colonisation" or "second generation colonisation" is more appropriate. These authors apparently don not differentiate the two phenomena, even though they clearly perceive that second generation colonisation had its own specific characteristics. Historical analysis indicates that, for the Greek colonies, it constituted the best means of creating a network of economic and political out-post which would spread Greek civilisation
Gallinari, Luciano. "Les judicats sardes : un modèle de souveraineté médiévale ?" Paris, EHESS, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EHES0163.
The thesis is devoted to the Sardinian medieval institution of the Iudices (Judges) created in the sixth Century by the Roman Emperor Justinian, in order to understand if they were sovereign. The study of the history of this form of power, in fact, shows a remarkable continuity since ancient times: at the end of the eleventh century the pope replaced the Byzantine emperor, and in the late thirteenth century the king of Aragon substituted the Pope. Although for several decades between the mid-eleventh to the mid twelfth century, the judges claimed the royal title in fact they always get their power as an office on behalf of a sovereign power outside. However, the "outside" character of this supreme power is precisely what has allowed the judge of the High Middle Ages, then after the judges to exercise their full authority in their territory and to appear almost like kings for nearly seven centuries. However, the state -centralization, which characterizes the western monarchies from the fourteenth century, could only come up with this de facto autonomy. The system of the Iudicati was therefore condemned, but his main legacy, the creation of a "Sardinian identity", was based on an idealization of the past which gave full sovereignty to the judges and full independence to the ludicati
Mallet, Myriam. "Au-delà de l'injonction religieuse : les pratiques pieuses des Égyptiennes musulmanes en Italie." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25172.
Delumeau, Jean-Pierre. "Arezzo, espace et sociétés, 715-1230 : recherches sur Arezzo et son contado du VIIIe au début du XIIIe siècle." Paris 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA010503.
This essay in italian medieval history traces the history of the city and territory of Azerro in Tuscany from c. 715 to c. 1230. Its first part is concerned with historical ecology and rural production, then with peasant conditions and status, with manors, and with the alteration of this basic framework to 1100. The 2nd part deals with the exercise of power in the aretine county, then with the main 'peripherical; and endly with the local nobility and gentry the 3rd part is devoted to the church : the bishopric and secular clergy, the rise of monasticism, and the leading aretine monasteries. The 4th part retraces the development of pre-communal arezzo: the city in the early middle ages; the urban and suburban growth ; the urban notables; the trends of power in the city and the birth of the commune in the years 1098-1110. The last five chapters are dealing with aretine history in the years 1120-1220: the changing economic, social and cultural background; the politics of the kingdom of italy and its local effects to 1197; the aretine communal institutions and politics; the structural aspects of communal rise in Arezzo and in lesser communes: law and order, economical regulation, and taxation, and the struggle for communal space. Endly, the last chapter analyses the history and changing balances of the church, especially the strengthening of the secular frame and the slowing down of monastic impulse
Robu, Adrian. "La Cité de Mégare et les établissements mégariens de Sicile, de la Propontide et du Pont-Euxin : histoire et institutions." Le Mans, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008LEMA3001.
Megara was one of the most active cilies of ancient Greece in term of colonization because she participated between the VIIIth-VIth centuries B. C. In the foundation of a significant number of settlements in Sicily (Megara Hyblaea and Selinous), the Propontis (Astakos, Chalcedon, Olbia, Selymbria and Byzantium) and the Black Sea (Herakleia Pontica and Mesambria). For the understanding of the Megarian colonization, we divided our research into three great parts. In the first one, we examine some events of the ancient history of Megara, especially the founding of the Megarian state, the relationships of Megara with the neighbouring cities of Corinth and Athens, the development of the Megarian society and the internal conflicts. In the second place, we consider the foundation of the Megarian colonial settlements, by stressing the global occupation of the territory by the colonists or the relations between the various groups of colonists, namely between the apoikoi ("first colonists") and the epoikoi ("later colonists"). We also examine the first rapports between Greeks and the indigenous peoples. Finally, the third part of the thesis relates to the political institutions (civic subdivisions and magistracies) of Megarian origin attested in the colonies. By examining the causes of the Megarian colonization, we underline the important part played in this movement of expansion by the competition and the conflicts between the aristocratic families. We consider in addition that the Megarian colonies were the result of an original synoikism, of a gathering of several groups of colonists, most often ethnically heterogeneous
Bottini, Giorgio. "Costumi e consuetudine in Machiavelli." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSEN077/document.
This work aims at analysing the way Machiavel used words and concepts from the legal tradition of Antiquity and Middle Age in his political thought. Preference was given to the “ius non scriptum” in order to measure the direct influence of Latin categories such as “mores” and “consuetudo” elaborated by the Roman Law and the Canon Law and reemployed by Machiavel in a (much)more common form in all his writings. More broadly, it consists in a genealogy of the political vocabulary of the Italian Renaissance which is born in the Latin language borrowed from its Latin roots to highlight the logic of formation of modern political languages. In our research, we try to reconsider the modernity of Machiavel by contextualizing his thought in the medieval tradition which ends with Machiavel himself. First of all, we had to identify the main uses of the word “costumi” in Machiavel’s writings in order to emphasise its theoretical and major practical meaning in his thinking. By taking a short step back from the Machiavellian corpus, we tried to rebuild a history of the “ius non scriptum” doctrine from two medieval sources: The Corpus Iuris Civilis (VI century) and the Decretum Gratiani (XII century). At this point, we had to go back to the Machiavellian corpus to show the importance of the notion of “consuetudine” in his political vocabulary. It qualifies the people’s identity, the relation to orders, and more than everything it is the basis for the existence of Republics
Valette-Cagnac, Emmanuelle. "Anthropologie de la lecture dans la Rome antique." Paris, EPHE, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993EPHEA003.
Far from being a direct and passive consequence of writing, reading forms an independent subject of study and even offers on the roman world a precious standpoint, as it enables us to go beyond the bounds of the traditional opposition between orality and literacy and to analyze the way speech and writing combine their effects. Despite the existence of silent reading, reading aloud is still in use in occidental culture till the 8th century. Why the voice did not abdicate? By studying the different forms of loud reading, we found that vocalization is not only intended to give sense and to communicate, but that it contributes to make writing efficient. Reading aloud is not a simple oral deciphering. It may be used to produce some text (recitatio). As "silent speech", funerary inscriptions institute a fiction, revealing the necessity for the reader to fill the gap that is left by the writer. Lastly, the "double vocalization" process (praeire verbis) characterizing a few types of rituals, answers the double necessity of producing an entirely public statement and of reconciling a paradoxal aspiration of continuity and change
Bouali, Mickaël. "Sikeliôtai : réflexion sur l’ethnicité des hellénophones de Sicile." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BOR30022.
This thesis initially questioned the process leading to the formation of an identity to Greek speakers of Sicily, the Sikeliotai. Even before there was an overall Greek identity, multiple colonial enterprises lead Sicily to be populated by a crowd from different backgrounds whose main common point was the mastery of a Greek dialect. Three centuries later, the speech Hermocrates in congress of Gela, which Thucydides echoed, explicitly affirmed the existence of a distinct identity to Sikeliotai composed then in a group. So this discussion is focused on the path that leads to this result after a diachronic analysis of the siciliot identity. In a second step, this thesis continues the study of ethnicity Sikeliotai questioning how works the various ethnic identities which can claim the diverse groups that inhabit a divided Sicily. As such, the consideration of major events like the Athenian expedition of 415, the reign of powerful Siciliot tyrants in the fifth and fourth centuries, numerous Carthaginian invasions or the Roman conquest of the island is able to refine our perception of siciliot identity fact. Finally, this thesis also proposes to continue discussions on the conceptual tools that identity studies through the review of key concepts such as ethnicity, applied to ancient societies
Odone, Ginevra. "L’avocat Agostino Mariotti (1724-1806) et son musée, « une des curiosités de Rome »." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2020. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/ulprive/DDOC_T_2020_0244_ODONE.pdf.
Abbot and lawyer Agostino Mariotti (1724-1806) was well known in 18th century Rome. Like most of the ecclesiastics of his time, he was first of all a scholar: lawyer of the Sacred Congregation of Rites, man of letters, expert of Latin and Greek languages, bibliophile, numismatist, member of the Academy of Arcadia and also specialist in antiques and great collector. Over the course of several years he had built up an important collection, the main core of which was the Sacred Museum. With his collection, particularly rich in paintings from all periods, Mariotti's project was to tell both the history of the Church and the “Perfezione del disegno”, using Michelangelo as a pivot.The aim of this thesis is to reconstruct the figure of the lawyer Mariotti and his collection, putting everything in perspective with the cultural context of the city of Rome in the 18th century. The new sources found have therefore made it possible to analyse the great richness of the collection, by supplementing the information available about this multifaceted figure, almost entirely forgotten after his death, despite many works of art from his collection has been acquired by the Pope and are still preserved and exhibited today in the Vatican Museums.The first part of the thesis therefore reconstructs the biography of Agostino Mariotti, with a particular attention to his literary production and his relationships with the Italian and foreign scholars of his time. His network is thus made up mainly of people with whom he shares his favourite places of sociability, namely religious, arcades, artists from the Academy of Saint Luke, or even Jesuits despite the role played by Agostino in the suppression of the Order.The second part focusses on the reconstruction of the entire collection of Mariotti, shared between a Sacred Museum, a Profane Museum and a Museum of Natural History. The vast documentary sources found are presented and analysed in order to give the reader a new and more complete picture of this rich and varied collection, beyond the only paintings of "primitive" artists for which Agostino was known until today.The last part follows the dispersion of the works of art after the dissolution of the collection on the death of its creator. Particular attention is given to those that were sold to the Vatican in 1820, a transaction for which we have a large number of documentary sources and which have also enabled us to know the estimates given during the sale. Further research was also carried out to identify other works currently kept in the Vatican Museums.Thanks to our work, we now have a much more accomplished image of this consistorial lawyer and his collection which in his time was considered "one of the curiosities of Rome"
André, Romain. "Les Francs et la Méditerranée occidentale, de la fin du VIIe s. au milieu du IXe s." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUL072.
It's usually accepted that Carolingian sources, as most of them come from Northern Europe, aren't very interested in Mediterranean issues. Since Henri Pirenne's Mohammed and Charlemagne (1937), some scholars explained the reason of such ignorance by the rise of Islam, which would have forbidden the former Mare Nostrum to Western Europeans and would have been the only cause of the economic growth of the Seine and Rhine valleys. It's nevertheless striking that the first centuries of the Carolingian dynasty is actually linked with an important expansion toward Gaul's southern shores. When Charlemagne died, his empire even ruled almost 1500 km of Mediterranean coasts, from Barcelona to Rome, and was trying to keep control of near islands, as Corsica or the Balearic archipelago. The features of Frankish domination over such territories is therefore questioning, as well as it shows the importance, largely underestimated up to this day, of the Carolingian expansion for the mediaeval history of the Mediterranean sea
Cicolani, Veronica. "Diffusion du mobilier de Golasecca au nord des Alpes au premier âge du Fer : des éléments vestimentaires aux réseaux de circulations à moyenne et à longue distance." Thesis, Tours, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010TOUR2006.
Based on the critical inventory of more than five hundred clothing accessories from the southern-Alps discovered in the northern-Alps, the present work aims at characterising the role of the Golasecca civilisation in the growth of circulation networks linking up the western Mediterranean to Celtic civilisations. Personal belongings discovered in many alpine and transalpine settlements and burial places bear witness of a direct implication of the Golasecca culture in medium and long-distance trades. This implication results in phenomena of cultural mix, technological transfer and mixed nature population, that are perceptible in certain areas of the alpine massif as well as through some displacements and relatively long-time frequenting of the main Hallstattian local settlements of varied kind and status. As a phenomenon which is partly linked to the emergence of aristocratic societies, the circulating of luxurious objects and ornaments illustrates the fact that Gollasecca has been a major go-between in the trade and communication networks between Mediterranean cultures and Hallstatt chiefs
Marcoz, Patricia. "Renaître païen à la Belle Époque : la vie et l’oeuvre de Jacques d'Adelswärd-Fersen." Paris 4, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA040111.
Considered as the "stereotype of the fin-de-siècle dandy and pederast", Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen (1880-1923) is the author of several literary works (novels, poetry and critics) which enter the corpus of the "minor decadents" in the history of literature. If Jacques d’Adelswärd-Fersen did illustrate the stereotypes of French Decadence, an attentive reading of his works invites to open other perspectives and to look differently at the author who published in Poesia, the review of Futurism, and who founded in 1909 the review Akademos, in the aim of rehabilitating homosexuality. The themes of elevation, pride and pagan renaissance in his poetry and novels make him a pioneer of gay pride. His work swing between two centuries, as a transition between decadence and pagan renewal, between the homosexual "martyr" and the "activist", between the Greek ephebe and the contemporary schoolboy. His anchorages in arrière-garde literary movements, like Parnasse, Symbolism or Decadence, keep him in the 19th century. But his support to avant-garde Futurism and his fight for homosexuality make him enter the 20th century. Far from the image of the "poète maudit" condemned by his contemporaries, he left a desire of light and elevation which overcome the complacency for twilights ; he lived a life of freedom, of will power and of pride, illustrated by multiple choices : the choice of Capri, of the boy and of the speech against the silence
Iraci, Sandrine. "Au pied du Vésuve. Les premières années de l' Institut Français de Naples, 1919-1940." Thesis, Paris 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA030006.
French cultural presence in Southern Italy grew during the in-between wars period, against the tricky backdrop of fascism, through the birth and development of the French Cultural Institute in Naples. The Opening part of this work is about Naples, a city which, in spite of political decline, remained culturally and economically attractive, while its ever cosmopolitan tradition is best depicted borrowing the words of travelers who visited the region, starting with the Great Tour. Local institutions live up to challenges set by the foreign institute. Closer scrutiny of the main foreign communities however, reveals how shallow-rooted France is, over there. The second part focuses on the creation and evolution of the Institute between 1914 and 1925. The French government sees it as way of starting an area of influence in the Southern Italian regions and across the Mediterranean. The Institute develops at quite an impressive pace, especially considering the contemporaneous rise of fascism and the threat of a "legal dictatorship". Charismatic professors, a increasing interest of the French officials and the very motivations of fascism in the South contributed to its success. In the third part, we shall see how paradoxical the development of the Institute is. An institution faced with an all conquering radicalized Fascism, unfit to meet the needs of a new world order and the poor relation between France and Italy. Despite the 1983 reshaping of all Institutes in Italy, the one in Naples is literally slowly dying ans will end up hostage of the Italian government in 1940
Grenier, Denis. "De la Pax Romana à la Pax Senensis : Ambrogio Lorenzetti et l'Antiquité." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17657.
Totaro, Giunia. "L'autobiographie d'Athanasius Kircher : l'écriture d'un jésuite entre vérité et invention au seuil de l'œuvre." Caen, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CAEN1504.
Nazarian-Trochet, Marlène. "Recherches sur les chasses étrusques, latines et italiques : une préhistoire des chasses romaines ?" Thesis, Paris 10, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA100023.
Hunting is one of the dominant subjects of Etruscan iconography as soon as the first figurative representations emerged. It fitted perfectly in the scenery of weapons and the jewellery of the first protohistoric elites. Furthermore, hunting was quickly enhanced by new methods coming from Middle Eastern and Hellenic cultures, in which the bestiary and the staging patterns are both included. This predominance in hunting scenes tempts to make us wonder about their symbolic use, on the furniture or on the private and public monuments ordered by Etruscan aristocrats. It also arouses our interest about the place of hunting in an “ideology of power” of which we only have figurative testimonies. Thus, the long period studied –from the VIIIth to the IVth century B.C.- will allow us to understand the various mutations of this topic, as well as the social and political changes through the different city-states. More broadly, an imagery about the relationship between humans and animals- including animal hunts, farming scenes and even the taming wild animals- will be taken into account to try to understand the relevance of the topic of mastery of wild animals in Etruria. Indeed, the singularity of the Etruscan culture seems to be expressed through the various and numerous representations usually seen on furniture as well as funerary monuments. Hunting, be it with a realistic, heroic, mythic or funerary dimension is thus the object of an important staging for ideological or ritual purposes. The consideration of the Etruscan corpus against other collections- taken from the Greek civilisation but also from other cultures such as Italic, Latin or Lucanian- encourages us to reconsider the question of the symbolic of hunting in the imaginary of this pre-Roman Italy, before the Roman hunt performances had developed
Vigneri, Francesco. "Flussi migratori e processi interculturali nelle zone di confine : dinamiche comunicative e prassi di riconoscimento a Lampedusa e in Sicilia (2011-2014)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAG002.
The research aims at observing and analysing both the explicit and the implicit dynamics that characterise the communicative interactions between migrants who reach Europe through the central Mediterranean route and the security and humanitarian players working at its maritime borders. The study focuses on the island of Lampedusa and Sicily where much of the fieldwork has been carried out over three significant periods of Europe’s recent migration history: in 2011, in the aftermath of the Arab uprisings, in 2013, at the time of the 3 October migrant shipwreck, in 2014, during the search and rescue operation Mare Nostrum. The purpose is to capture and take into account the specific characteristics of each context as well as their closely intertwined combination with wider factors – immigration policies, the role of the media, the general perception of migration, etc. – which influence the communicative behaviours of the subjects observed and the ways they interact with each other
Il presente lavoro si pone l’obiettivo di osservare le interazioni tra i migranti da un lato, e gli operatori dell’accoglienza e della sicurezza dall’altro, nelle zonedi confine esposte ai flussi migratori, e nello specifico l’isola di Lampedusa e la Sicilia tra il 2011 e il 2014; di analizzarne le dinamiche comunicative col supporto di riferimenti teorico-letterari e di rilevazioni precedentemente prodotte in analoghi contesti di studio; di proporre, infine, delle riflessioni sui principali elementi individuatinell’osservazione del fenomeno, cercando di contribuire allo sviluppo di un percorso d’indagine che l’attuale declinarsi del fenomeno migratorio ha imposto al dibattito sociologico, e soprattutto di proporre spunti di riflessione e approfondimento rispetto a una narrazione che, nonostante la complessità del tema, risulta spesso troppo semplicistica osensazionalistica, e funzionale al tornaconto mediatico e politico
Dumais, Martine. "Les femmes chrétiennes dans l'Empire romain des deuxième et troisième siècles : de la quête d'autonomie à la dépendance." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/17753.
Passet, Laure. "Refus du luxe et frugalité à Rome : histoire d'un combat politique : (fin du IIIe siècle av. J.-C. - fin du IIe siècle av. J.-C.)." Thesis, Lyon 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO20104.
This study analyses the place and role of the way of life in political speeches and practices in Rome in the late third century BC and in the second century BC, which formed a turning point. Luxury was a means of social distinction for the aristocracy in the late fourth century BC and third century BC. From the Second Punic War onwards, the elite began to worry about the political impact of this sumptuousness and the threats it posed for the oligarchic system. Consequently, the elite introduced laws regulating banquets in order to prevent hosts from gaining political prestige, without clearly citing this reason, out of deference for the government and in order to protect its own legitimacy. This fight against luxury spread in speeches and influenced the image of itself which the elite wanted to promote. The detractors of luxury, like Cato the Elder, proposed a new ideal – frugality, which implied adopting a lifestyle more humble than that which was allowed by one’s actual rank. A negative definition of luxury was proposed – it was explicitly and definitively associated with vice, foreigners (Greeks especially), and implicitly considered to be typical of men who were unable to serve their homeland or who aspired to excessive power. An antithetic representation of frugality was developed and was thought to be the quality of real Romans who were true to the values of the countryside and anxious to preserve the interests of the Republic. This image was highly valued by the people. These ideas played a significant role in the power struggles in the last third of the second century BC. Frugality remained nonetheless a difficult quality to adopt in all circumstances because it went against the standards of the elite – while it mattered for the elite to make their political position clear through frugality, it was also important to cater to one’s guests as befitted one’s rank. Stoicism, which was then developing in Rome and advocated a restrained way of life, had to adapt to this demand
Duval, Colin. "Evolution et diversité de la forme du cochon entre l'âge du Fer et la période moderne en Gaule et en France. Régionalisme, acquisitions zootechniques et implications historiques." Thesis, Tours, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOUR2004.
This archaeozoological study investigates morphological variations in different skeletal parts of the pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) according to two main assumptions: (1) the morphological changes of the animal reflect socio-economic changes; (2) there is a great diversity of pig’s forms, driven by different factors (environment, agropastoral strategies, cultural habits, etc.). Our analysis, based on these assumptions, tends to quantify and describe these changes and this diversification to try to understand their origin and mechanisms. For this we have observed the dental and skeletal remains of more than 600 archaeological sites, located on the Gallic, French and Italian territories, dated from La Tène moyenne to the modern period, using different methods of geometric and traditional morphometrics. In this way, we were able to build a strong osteometric framework for pigs and get new clues to a better understanding of farming practices for Gallic, Roman and medieval periods
Barbau, Clémentine. "Romanisation et vie quotidienne : le petit mobilier de type italique en Gaule interne (IIe siècle av. J.-C. - Ier siècle ap. J.-C.)." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015STRAG016/document.
For the last two centuries before our era, italic type objects, which means objects that are characterizing the material culture of Tardo-republican Italia, are progressively appearing in Gaul. The identification of these everyday objects and their typological and contextual analysis allow a renewed approach of the Gaul romanization phenomenon. The objective of this thesis is to highlight, the chronological, spatial and cultural modalities of the diffusion of such furniture. The comparison of the results with the data provided by the ceramological and architectural studies allows to improve the description of the acculturation process. The behavioral diversity towards the reception of exogenous furniture is underlined by the nature of the sites and the diversity of the considered objects. Local elites, whether by participating in commercial exchanges or by joining the army, have played a major role in the interactions with Italia, from the diffusion of these objects to the integration of the new italic models